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2014年10月自考《英语一》讲义 Unit 01_(含课文、生词表、课后练习及答案).doc

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' Unit1ForeignLanguageLearning AFAMOUSQUOTE  Amanwhodoesnotknowaforeignlanguageisignorantofhisown.                   ——JohannWolfgangvonGoethe  一个不懂得外语的人,也不会真正了解自己的母语。                 ——约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德  JohannWolfgangvonGoethe(1749-1832),Germanpoet,novelist,playwright,statesmanandscientist.GoetheisoneofthegreatfiguresinthehistoryofGermanliteratureandbestknownforhistwo-partpoeticdramaFaust,whichhestartedaroundtheageoftwenty-threeanddidn"tfinishtillshortlybeforehisdeathsixtyyearslater.  约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德享年83岁,德国诗人、剧作家、政治家和科学家。他是德国历史上最伟大的人物之一。他的最著名的上下两部诗剧《浮士德》,从23岁开始创作直至他临终前完成,耗时近六十年。  SpeakingActivityStartingaConversationSampleDialogue  Readthefollowingconversation.Payattentiontohowthespeakersgreetandintroduceeachother.  Steve:Hi.Idon"tthinkwe"vemet.Myname"sSteve.  Jenny:Hi,Steve.Nicetomeetyou.Myname"sJuanita,buteverybodycallsmeJenny.  Steve:It"sapleasuretomeetyou,Jenny.  Jenny:Sorry,whatwasyournameagain?  Steve:Steve.  Jenny:SoSteve,whatdoyoudoforaliving?  Steve:Iworkatthepubliclibrary.Howaboutyou?  Jenny:I"mauniversitystudent.  Steve:That"sgreat.So,wheredoyoustudy?  Jenny:CarnegieMellonUniversity.CMUisaglobalresearchuniversityrecognizedforworld-classartsandtechnologyprograms.It"sthebestuniversityintheworldformymajor.  Steve:Greatforyou!Itwasreallynicemeetingyou.  Jenny:Yeah.Itwasapleasuremeetingyoutoo.  注:卡内基·梅隆大学  成立于1990年,位于美国宾州的匹兹堡,是一所研究型的私立大学,也是美国的重点大学之一。  GuidedPractice  Directions:Greetapersonclosetoyouandintroduceyourselvestoeachother.Useyourowninformation.Youmayusethefollowingtipstohelpyou.  Hi,myname"s…  Nicetomeetyou.  Whatdoyoudoforaliving?  I"mastudentat…Whataboutyou?  Iworkat…  Itwasapleasuremeetingyou.  TextANewWords  1、suggestionn.anideaoraplanyoumentionforsomebodyelsetothinkabout建议,提议  例句:Wewelcomeanycommentsand_________________abouttheseplans.(suggest,suggestions)  我们欢迎任何关于这些计划的批评和建议。  [答疑编号506494010101:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】suggestions【答案解析】句意:我们欢迎任何关于这些计划的批评建议。and连接两个并列的成分,因此空格处应填入与名词comments相同的名词形式。答案为suggestions。  2、stepn.oneofaseriesofthingsthatyoudoinordertoachievesomething步骤;措施  3、foundationn.aprinciple,anideaorafactthatsomethingisbasedonandthatitgrowsfrom基础;根据  4、factorn.oneofseveralthingsthatcauseorinfluencesomething因素;要素  5、immersev.tomake(somebody/something)completelyinvolved(insomething)(使)深陷于,沉浸在  例句:Shewasimmersedinherworktotryandforgetherproblemsathome.  她沉浸在工作中,试图忘记家庭的烦恼。  6、meanv.tohavesomethingasaresultoralikelyresult意味着  例句:Languagelearningmeanslistening,speaking,readingandwriting.  语言学习意味着听说读写。  7、explanationn.astatementforafactthattellsyouwhysomethinghappened解释;说明;阐述  例句:RightnowIcannotgiveyouadetailed_________________ofwhyI"mlate.(explain,explanation)  现在我不能给你一个为什么我迟到了的详细解释。  [答疑编号506494010102:针对该题提问]  【正确答案】explanation【答案解析】名词短语adetailed在句中作动词give的直接宾语,空格中的词作形容词detailed修饰的中心词,因此应填入名词形式。答案为explaination。  8、enjoyablyadv.inawaythatgivespleasure快乐地;愉快地;有趣地  例句:Sheissuchagoodteacher,andherlessonsarereally_________________.(enjoyable,enjoyably)  她是个好老师,她讲课真的是很有趣。  [答疑编号506494010103:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】enjoyable【答案解析】空格中的词位于be动词are的后面,在句子中作表语成分,副词enjoyably不能作表语,形容词enjoyable(令人愉快的)可以作表语,符合题意。答案为enjoyable。  9、mostlyadv.forthemostpart大多;大部分  10、partlyadv.Tosomeextent,notcompletely一定程度上;部分地  例句:Ifeel_________________responsiblefortheproblemswe"rehaving.  我觉得我应该为我们现存的问题负部分责任。  [答疑编号506494010104:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】partly【答案解析】句意:我觉得我应该为我们现有的问题付部分责任。观察本句成分可知,空格中填入的词在句子中做状语成分,同时根据句意,partly符合题意,修饰形容词responsible。答案为partly。  11、effectiveadj.producingtheresultthatiswantedorexpected有效的  12、vocabularyn.allthewordsthatapersonknowsoruses词汇;词汇量  13、phrasen.agroupofwordswhichcontainsanideaandformspartofasentence短语;词组  14、listn.aseriesofitems,especiallywhentheyarewrittenorprinted目录;清单  例句:Wearemakingalistofthetoptenmenwewouldnotwanttobemarriedto.  我们不想嫁给那些在我们列表上排在前十位的男人。  15、reviewn.lookingagainatsomethingyouhavereadorstudied复习  16、graduallyadv.slowly,overalongperiodoftime逐渐地;逐步地  17、accuratelyadv.correctly,truly准确地;无误地  18、accumulatev.tograduallyincreaseinnumberoramount积累;积聚  19、responsibilityn.adutytodealwithortakecareofsomebody/somethingwiththeresultthatyoumaybeblamedifsomethinggoeswrong责任;职责  例句:Theministertook_________________forthedisasterandresigned.(responsible,responsibility)  这个部长对这场灾难负责并且引咎辞职了。  [答疑编号506494010105:针对该题提问]  【正确答案】responsibility【答案解析】空格中的词在句中作动词take的宾语,因此应该填入一个名词。且takeresponsibilityfor对……负责,是动词短语固定搭配。答案为responsibility。  20、contentn.thethingsthatarecontainedinsomething内容  21、fluentadj.abletospeakalanguageeasilyandwell流利的;流畅的  例句:Tomdidn"tread_________________tillhewasnearlyeight.(fluent,fluently)  汤姆直到快八岁了才能流利地阅读。  [答疑编号506494010106:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】fluently【答案解析】句意:直到将近8岁的时候,他才能读得流利。注意nottill句的翻译“直到……才”,根据关键词read可知,fluent可以搭配修饰,因此空格中应该填入fluent的副词形式。答案为fluently。  22、relaxv.torestordosomethingthatisenjoyable放松  例句:WhenIgethomefromwork,Iliketo_________________withaglassofwine.(relax,relaxing)  我下班回家后喜欢喝杯葡萄酒放松一下。  [答疑编号506494010107:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】relax【答案解析】本题考查动词like的用法。liketodosomething或者likesomething,to后面接动词原形。答案为relax。  23、matterv.tobeimportantorhaveanimportanteffectonsomebody/something要紧;有重大影响  例句:Aslongasyouarehappy,that"sallthatmatters.  只要你高兴,那就很重要。  24、pacen.thespeedatwhichsomethinghappens速度  25、guaranteen.afirmpromisethatsomethingwillbedoneorwillhappen保证;担保  例句:Afamousbrandnameisnotnecessarilya_________________ofquality.(guarantee)  一个知名品牌不必然是品质保证。  [答疑编号506494010108:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】guarantee【答案解析】句意:一个知名的商标品牌不必然是品质保证。不定冠词a修饰空格中的词,在句中做标语成分。因此空格中应该填入一个能与quality搭配的名词形式,guaranteeofquality品质保证。答案为guarantee。  Confidenceandhardworkarethebiggest_________________ofsuccess.  自信并努力工作是取得成功的最大保证。  [答疑编号506494010109:针对该题提问]  【正确答案】guarantee【答案解析】thebiggestguarantee最大的保证。本题陈述一般性事实,因此用一般现在时即可。答案为arethebiggestguaranteeofsuccess。翻译:自信并努力工作是取得成功的最大保证。  26、successn.achievingdesiredresults成功  例句:The_________________ofalmostanyprojectdependslargelyonitsmanager.(success,successful)  几乎任何项目的成功很大程度上取决于此项目的经理。  [答疑编号506494010110:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】success【答案解析】定冠词the修饰空格中的词,在句子中做主语成分,因此空格中应该填入名词形式success成功。答案为success。PhrasesandExpressions  1、byfar(usedwithcomparativeorsuperlativeadjectivesoradverbs)byagreatamount大大地,得多  2、beimmersedintobecompletelyinvolvedinsomething沉浸于  例句:Busypreparingfortheexam,he_________________studying.(beimmersedin)  由于忙于准备考试,他完全沉浸在学习之中。  [答疑编号506494010111:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】hasbeenimmersedin【答案解析】busypreparingfortheexam是现在分词形式作伴随状语,表示与主语动作同时发生。beimmersedin沉浸于,是固定搭配。答案为hasbeenimmersedinstudying。翻译:由于忙于准备考试,他完全沉浸在学习之中。  3、relatetotobeconnectedwithsomething/somebody涉及;与……相关  4、getusedtotobefamiliarwithsomethingbecauseyoudoitoften习惯于;适应  例句:Thoughhewasincollegeforquiteafewmonths,he_________________livingcampusawayfromhome.(getusedto)  尽管他上大学几个月了,仍不习惯离家在外的校园生活。  [答疑编号506494010112:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】hadnotgotusedto【答案解析】getusedto习惯于;适应;从句中用的是过去时,故而此处也应该用过去时态;又因为要表述的是:尽管在大学呆了一段时间,但是还不适应校园生活。故而此处用否定。其答案为:hadnotgotusedto。   5、focusontogiveattention,effort,etc.tooneparticularsubject,situationorperson集中(注意力、精力等)于  6、buildupto(causeto)increaseorbecomelargerorgreaterinnumber(使)扩大;增多  例句:Hetookthepart-timejob_________________experience.(buildup)  为了积累经验,他做这份兼职工作。  [答疑编号506494010113:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】tobuildup【答案解析】不定式中的to可表目的。积累经验,即buildupexperience。答案为tobuildupexperience。翻译:为了积累经验,他做这份兼职工作。  7、runintotomeetsomebodyorsomethingbychance偶然遇见,碰到  8、takeresponsibilityfortotakethedutytodealwithsomethingortakecareofsomebody对……负责  例句:Asyouhavegrownup,youshould_________________yourwordsanddeeds.(takeresponsibilityfor)因为你已经长大成人,你应当对自己的言行负责。  [答疑编号506494010114:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】takeresponsibilityfor【答案解析】as表示原因。takeresponsibilityfor为……负责,是固定搭配。情态动词should后面直接接动词原形。答案为takeresponsibilityforyourwordsanddeeds。翻译:因为你已经长大成人,你应当对自己的言行负责。  9、takecontroltohavetheabilitytodowhatyouwant控制;掌控;掌管  10、feelliketohaveadesireforsomethingortowanttodosomethingataparticularmoment想做某事  11、sitbacktositonsomething,usuallyachair,inarelaxedposition舒舒服服地坐好  12、makesuretodosomethinginordertobecertainthatsomethingelsehappen确保TextAPre-readingQuestions  1.Doyoufinditdifficulttolearnaforeignlanguage?Whataresomeofthedifficultiesyouhave?  2.Whatsuggestionshaveyourteachersoranybodyelsemadeaboutlearningaforeignlanguage?  LearningaForeignLanguage  Therearemanywaystolearnaforeignlanguagewell!①Readthesuggestionsbelow.Followingthesestepswillgiveyouafirmfoundation.  1)Spendtime  Byfarthemostimportantfactorishowmuchtimeyouareimmersedinthelanguage.②Themoretimeyouspendonthelanguage,thefasteryouwilllearn.③Thismeanslistening,reading,writingandspeaking.Itdoesnotmeansittinginclasslookingoutofthewindow,orlisteningtootherstudentswhodonotspeakwell,orexpectingexplanationsinyourownlanguageabouthowthelanguageworks.④Itmeansspendingtimeenjoyablyonwhateverrelatestothelanguageyouarelearning.⑤  2)Listenandreadevery day  Whereveryouare,listentothelanguageonyourMP3playerandreadwhatyouarelisteningto.⑥Listentoandreadmaterialsthatyoulike,materialsthatyoucanmostlyunderstand,orevenonlypartlyunderstand.Ifyoukeeplisteningandreading,youwillgetusedtothelanguage.Onehouroflisteningandreadingeachdayismoreeffectivethanmanyhoursofclasstime.  3)Focusonwordsandphrases  Buildupyourvocabulary.You"llneedlots.Starttonoticewordsandhowtheycometogetherasphrases.Learnthesewordsandphrasesthroughlisteningandreading.Readonline,usingonlinedictionaries,andmakeyourownvocabularylistsforreview.Soonyouwillrunintoyournewwordsandphraseselsewhere.Graduallyyouwillbeabletousethem.Donotworryabouthowaccuratelyyouspeakuntilyouhaveaccumulatedplentyofwordsthroughlisteningandreading.⑦  4)Takeresponsibilityforyourownlearning  Ifyoudonotwanttolearnthelanguage,youwon"t.Ifyoudowanttolearnthelanguage,takecontrol.Choosecontentthatinterestsyou,thatyouwanttolistentoandread.Lookupthewordsandphrasesthatyouneedinordertounderstandyourlisteningandreading.Donotwaitforsomeoneelsetoshowyouthelanguageortellyouwhattodo.⑧Discoverthelanguagebyyourself,likeachildgrowingup.Talkwhenyoufeellikeit.Writewhenyoufeellikeit.Ateachercannotteachyoutobecomefluent,butyoucanlearntobecomefluentifyouwantto.  5)Relaxandenjoyyourself  Donotworryaboutwhatyoucannotremember,orcannotyetunderstand,orcannotyetsay.Itdoesnotmatter.⑨Youarelearningandimproving.Thelanguagewillgraduallybecomeclearer,butthiswillhappenatapacethatyoucannotcontrol.⑩Sositbackandenjoy.Aboveall,makesureyouspendenoughtimewiththelanguage.Thatisthegreatestguaranteeofsuccess.KeySentences  1、Therearemanywaystolearnaforeignlanguagewell!  学好外语有许多种方法。  2、Byfarthemostimportantfactorishowmuchtimeyouareimmersedinthelanguage.  最为重要的因素在于你花多少时间浸泡在外语之中。  3、Themoretimeyouspendonthelanguage,thefasteryouwilllearn.  你在语言学习上用的时间越多,你就学得越快。  4、Itdoesnotmeansittinginclasslookingoutofthewindow,orlisteningtootherstudentswhodonotspeakwell,orexpectingexplanationsinyourownlanguageabouthowthelanguageworks.  这并不意味着你坐在教室里,看着窗外,或者听那些口语说得不太好的同学说话,也不是期望用自己母语来解释怎么说外语。  5、Itmeansspendingtimeenjoyablyonwhateverrelatestothelanguageyouarelearning.  而是说要多花时间心情愉悦地学习任何与所学语言相关的东西。  6、Whereveryouare,listentothelanguageonyourMP3playerandreadwhatyouarelisteningto.  无论你在何处,听MP3播放器学外语并且读出你所听到的内容。  7、Donotworryabouthowaccuratelyyouspeakuntilyouhaveaccumulatedplentyofwordsthroughlisteningandreading.  通过大量的听力和阅读练习,你才能积累词汇量。在此之前,你不必担忧如何准确地表达。  8、Lookupthewordsandphrasesthatyouneedinordertounderstandyourlisteningandreading.Donotwaitforsomeoneelsetoshowyouthelanguageortellyouwhattodo.  在词典中查阅你所需要理解的词或短语,别等着别人来告诉你如何去做。  9、Donotworryaboutwhatyoucannotremember,orcannotyetunderstand,orcannotyetsay.Itdoesnotmatter.  不要担心你记不住或者不明白或者不能说,没有关系(不要紧)。  10、Thelanguagewillgraduallybecomeclearer,butthiswillhappenatapacethatyoucannotcontrol.   你的语言学习会逐渐变得清楚明白,但是这将需要一个过程。学习语言进步的速度是你无法控制的。TextA  Exercises  Ⅰ.CheckingYourComprehension  Directions:Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionfromtheinformationgiveninthepassage.  1.Theauthorsuggeststhataforeignlanguagelearnershould_________________.  作者建议外语学习者应当_________________。  A)observehowotherpeoplespeak  B)spendmoretimeinclass  C)beclearabouthowthelanguageworks  D)enjoybeinginvolvedwiththelanguage  [答疑编号506494010301:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】D【答案解析】本题考查作者对外语学习者的建议。文章第二段最后一句提到,spendingtimeenjoyablyonwhateverrelatestothelanguageyourarelearning,即要多花时间心情愉悦地学习任何与所学语言相关的东西。答案为D。  2.Accordingtotheauthor,agoodlanguagelearnershould_________________.  按照作者的观点,一个好的语言学习者应当_________________。  A)carryanMP3playeratalltimes  B)readwhatheorsheislisteningto  C)listentoandreadthemostdifficulttextspossible  D)stayawayfromteachersandclasstime  [答疑编号506494010302:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题考查一个好的语言学习者的做法。文章第三段首句提到,listentolanguageonyourMP3playerandreadwhatyouarelistening,即听你的MP3播放器里的外语音频,然后read你听到的内容。答案为B。  3.Learningaforeignlanguagewellinvolves_________________.  学好外语包括_________________。  A)buildingupone"svocabulary  B)makingone"sowndictionary  C)avoidingnewwordsandphrases  D)stressingaccuracyratherthanfluency  [答疑编号506494010303:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题考查课文对学好英语的建议。课文中thethirdstep首句提到,buildupyourvocabulary,即扩充你的词汇量。答案为A。   4.Ifyouwanttolearnalanguagewell,youshould_________________.  如果你要学好外语,你应该_________________。  A)learnthelanguagelikeachild  B)dependmostlyonyourteacher  C)beresponsibleforyourownlearning  D)asksomeonetotellyouwhattodo  [答疑编号506494010304:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】C【答案解析】通过浏览各个选项可知,C项在课文第五段中被提及,即takeresponsibilityforyourownlearning,即对你自己的学习负责。答案为C。  5.Theauthorbelievesthatthegreatestguaranteeofsuccessis_________________.  作者认为成功的最大保证是_________________。  A)torelaxandenjoyyourself  B)toforgetwhatyoucannotremember  C)tohavealeisurelypace  D)tospendenoughtimewiththelanguage  [答疑编号506494010305:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】D【答案解析】通过关键词greatestguaranteeofsuccess可以定位到文章最后一段的最后一句,this指代前一句的内容,即spendenoughtimewiththelanguageisthegreatestguaranteeofsuccess。答案为D。  Ⅱ.BuildingYourVocabulary词汇学习  SectionA  Directions:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectchoiceofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.  1.Wewelcomeanycommentsand_________________abouttheseplans.(suggest,suggestions)  [答疑编号506494010306:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】suggestions【答案解析】句意:我们欢迎任何关于这些计划的批评建议。and连接两个并列的成分,因此空格处应填入与名词comments相同的名词形式。答案为suggestions。  2.RightnowIcannotgiveyouadetailed_________________ofwhyI"mlate.(explain,explanation)  [答疑编号506494010307:针对该题提问]  【正确答案】explanation【答案解析】名词短语adetailed在句中作动词give的直接宾语,空格中的词作形容词detailed修饰的中心词,因此应填入名词形式。答案为explaination。  3.Theministertook_________________forthedisasterandresigned.(responsible,responsibility)  [答疑编号506494010308:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】responsibility【答案解析】空格中的词在句中作动词take的宾语,因此应该填入一个名词。且takeresponsibilityfor对……负责,是动词短语固定搭配。答案为responsibility。  4.WhenIgethomefromwork,Iliketo_________________withaglassofwine.(relax,relaxing)  [答疑编号506494010309:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】relax【答案解析】本题考查动词like的用法。liketodosomething或者likesomething,to后面接动词原形。答案为relax。  5.The_________________ofalmostanyprojectdependslargelyonitsmanager.(success,successful)  [答疑编号506494010310:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】success【答案解析】定冠词the修饰空格中的词,在句子中做主语成分,因此空格中应该填入名词形式success成功。答案为success。  6.Sheissuchagoodteacher,andherlessonsarereally_________________.(enjoyable,enjoyably)  [答疑编号506494010311:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】enjoyable【答案解析】空格中的词位于be动词are的后面,在句子中作表语成分,副词enjoyably不能作表语,形容词enjoyable(令人愉快的)可以作表语,符合题意。答案为enjoyable。  SectionB  Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.  ③list⑤partly①matters⑥involves  ②fluently④guaranteeaccumulate factor  1.Aslongasyouarehappy,that‘sallthat_________________.  [答疑编号506494010312:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】matters【答案解析】句意:只要你高兴,那就很重要。aslongas表示条件,意思是“只要”,引导条件状语从句。allthat相当于what,即thatiswhatmatters,语法结构是thatis+宾语从句。答案为matters。  2.Tomdidn"tread_________________tillhewasnearlyeight.  [答疑编号506494010313:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】fluently【答案解析】句意:直到将近8岁的时候,他才能读得流利。注意nottill句的翻译“直到……才”,根据关键词read可知,fluent可以搭配修饰,因此空格中应该填入fluent的副词形式。答案为fluently。  3.Wearemakinga_________________ofthetoptenmenwewouldnotwanttobemarriedto.  [答疑编号506494010314:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】list【答案解析】句意:我们不想嫁给那些在我们列表上排在前十位的男人。makealist列表、列个清单,是固定搭配。答案为list。  4.Afamousbrandnameisnotnecessarilya_________________ofquality.  [答疑编号506494010315:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】guarantee【答案解析】句意:一个知名的商标品牌不必然是品质保证。不定冠词a修饰空格中的词,在句中做标语成分。因此空格中应该填入一个能与quality搭配的名词形式,guaranteeofquality品质保证。答案为guarantee。  5.Ifeel_________________responsiblefortheproblemswe"rehaving.  [答疑编号506494010316:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】partly【答案解析】句意:我觉得我应该为我们现有的问题付部分责任。观察本句成分可知,空格中填入的词在句子中做状语成分,同时根据句意,partly符合题意,修饰形容词responsible。答案为partly。   6.Anyinvestment_________________anelementofrisk.  [答疑编号506494010317:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】involves【答案解析】句意:任何投资都包含风险的成分。空格中填入的词在句中作谓语,因此应该填入一个动词。且根据主语investment与宾语risk的逻辑关系可知,投资也是包含风险的。答案为involves。  SectionC  Directions:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswithasuitableword.  1.Shewasimmersed_________________herworktotryandforgetherproblemsathome.  她沉浸在工作中,试图忘记家庭的烦恼。  [答疑编号506494010318:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】in【答案解析】她沉浸于她的工作,试图忘记家庭的烦恼。beimmersedin是固定搭配,意思是沉浸于。答案为in。  2.Ifoundthejobtiringatfirst,butIsoongotused_________________it.  开始我发现这份工作很无趣,但不久我就适应了工作。  [答疑编号506494010319:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】to【答案解析】我发现这份工作开始很无聊,但是很快我就适应了。getusedto是固定搭配,意思是习惯于;适应于。答案为to。  3.Alleyeswerefocused_________________theyoungactresswhowassittingatthetablenexttous.  所有的眼睛都集中到了一位坐在我们旁边桌子上的年轻女演员身上。  [答疑编号506494010320:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】on【答案解析】句意:所有的眼睛都集中于这位年轻的表演者身上,她坐在我们旁边的桌子边上。focuson是固定搭配,意思是集中(注意力、精力)于。答案为on。  4.Allthepressurebuilt_________________andhewasoffworkforweekswithstress.  所有的压力增大,他因此几个星期没上班。  [答疑编号506494010321:针对该题提问]  【正确答案】up【答案解析】句意:各方面的压力越来越大,他因负荷太重有好几个星期没来上班。buildup是固定搭配,意思是(使扩大)、增多。答案为up。  5.Iran_________________anoldfriendonthestreetyesterday.  昨天在街上我碰到了一位老朋友。  [答疑编号506494010322:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】into【答案解析】句意:昨天我在街上偶然遇到一位老朋友。runinto是固定搭配,意思是偶然遇见,碰到。答案为into。  6.Whenwetookcontrol_________________thecompany,itwaslosingmoney.  我们掌控这个公司时,它正处于亏损中。  [答疑编号506494010323:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】of【答案解析】句意:当我们掌管这个公司的时候,它正在亏本中。takecontrol  Ⅲ.BridgingtheGap  Directions:Fillintheblankswithawordoraphrasethatbestcompletesthepassage.Youmaychooseasuitableonefromthelistgiven.  ⑥、lookfor⑧、funny③、started⑩、because  ⑤、success①、learning⑦、Actually  ②、discourages⑨、speak④、without  "Youneedtostartearly,orasakidinordertobefluentinEnglish(oranyotherlanguage)!"Thisisoneofthebiggestmythsabout1anewlanguage.Whatisreallysadaboutthisbeliefisthatitactually2peoplefromtrying.Ifyouare18or30or65andyoutrulybelieveyoushouldhave3whenyouwereyounger,theneitheryouwillnottry(sinceyouwillthinkyouaretooold),oryouwilltry4believinginit.Whenwedosomethingwithoutbelievinginit,guesswhat?Yes,weusuallyfail,sincemotivationisabigfactorin5.  [答疑编号506494010324:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】1.learning2.discourages3.started4.without5.success【答案解析】1.首先根据空格后面的关健词language确定空格中应填入的动词为learn。about作为介词时,后面直接名词或是动名词,因此词learn应该转化为动名词形式learning。答案为learning。  2.根据前面的关键词sad及句意可知,此处空格应该填入一个表示消极意思的动词,且discouragesomebodyfromdoing 不鼓励某人做某事,是固定搭配。根据主语是第三人称单数it,确定动词后面要加s。答案为discourages。  3.根据空格前面的年龄18/30/65以及后面的younger可以确定,动词start符合题意。同时根据空格前面的have可知,应该填入start的完成时态。答案为started。  4.or连接前后两个成分表示选择关系,根据前面的trulybelieve,可知后面应该是believe的否定形式,因此believing前面的空格应该填入表示否定的词。答案为without。  5.since在句中表示原因,解释前面的usuallyfail。因为motivation在成功中很重要。那么如果失败,就是因为没有motivation。答案为success。  Itisonlynaturalto6reasonsthatcanexplainourdifficultiesindoingsomething.However,youarenevertoooldtoexercise,travel,learnanythingor…learnanewlanguage.7,alltheseactivitieshelpyoulivelonger,enjoyyourretirement,keepyourbrainworkingandmaintainyourlanguageskills.  [答疑编号506494010325:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】6.lookfor7.Actually【答案解析】6.根据空格后面的reasons以及explain的逻辑关系可知,是要寻找答案来explain一些事情中的难题。答案为lookfor。  7.空格前面一句讲述了人们不会因为太老而不能做某些事情,空格后面则讲述了人们通过做上述那些事情可以获得很多益处。根据空格前后的逻弃关系是后面解释说明前面,因此actually事实上,符合题意。答案为Actually。  Whatis8isthatIalwayshearthisbelieffrompeoplewhodoNOTspeakanyforeignlanguage!Meanwhile,ofcourse,peoplewhodo,9severallanguagesdonotbothermentioningit.Why?Quitesimply,let"sfaceit,10most,peoplewholearnanewlanguagedosoasadults.That"swhenyouneedto!  [答疑编号506494010326:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】8.funny9.speak10.because【答案解析】8.根据空格后面的句意,有趣的是,我总能从那些根本不说外语的人那里听到这个观点。funny滑稽的、有趣的,符合题意。答案为funny。  9.meanwhile是与此同时,含有递进的意思。speak是与language搭配的固定动词,且do加动词原形表示强调的意思。答案为speak。  10.根据空格前面的why可知,后面是对前面讲述的内容进行解释,because表原因,符合题意。答案为because。  Ⅳ.Translation  SectionA  Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsofphrasesinthebrackets.  1.Busypreparingfortheexam,he_______________(完全沉浸在学习中).(beimmersedin)  [答疑编号506494010327:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】hasbeenimmersedinstudying【答案解析】busypreparingfortheexam 是现在分词形式作伴随状语,表示与主语动作同时发生。beimmersedin沉浸于,是固定搭配。答案为hasbeenimmersedinstudying。翻译:由于忙于准备考试,他完全沉浸在学习之中。  2.Thoughhewasincollegeforquiteafewmonths,he_______________________(不习惯离家在外的校园生活).(getusedto)  [答疑编号506494010328:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】hadnotgotusedtolivingcampusawayfromhome.【答案解析】根据前半句的was判断,后句也应该用过去完成时。getusedto习惯于,是固定动词短语搭配。答案为hadnotgotusedtolivingcampusawayfromhome。翻译:尽管他上大学几个月了,仍不习惯离家在外的校园生活。  3.Hetookthepart-timejob___________________(为了积累经验).(buildup)  [答疑编号506494010329:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】tobuildupexperience.【答案解析】不定式中的to可表目的。积累经验,即buildupexperience。答案为tobuildupexperience。翻译:为了积累经验,他做这份兼职工作。  4.Asyouhavegrownup,youshould____________(对自己的言行负责).(takeresponsibilityfor)  [答疑编号506494010330:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】takeresponsibilityforyourwordsanddeeds.【答案解析】as表示原因。takeresponsibilityfor为……负责,是固定搭配。情态动词should后面直接接动词原形。答案为takeresponsibilityforyourwordsanddeeds。翻译:因为你已经长大成人,你应当对自己的言行负责。  5.Confidenceandhardwork__________________(是取得成功的最大保证).(guarantee)  [答疑编号506494010331:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】arethebiggestguaranteeofsuccess【答案解析】thebiggestguarantee最大的保证。本题陈述一般性事实,因此用一般现在时即可。答案为arethebiggestguaranteeofsuccess。翻译:自信并努力工作是取得成功的最大保证。  SectionB  Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.  Languagesaremeanttobespoken.So,inordertolearneffectively,youshouldtrytospeakwithsomeonefacetoface.Speakingwillgreatlyincreaseyourconfidence.Ofcourse,speakingwithanativespeakerisbest.However,mostlearnersdonotliveinEnglish-speakingcountries,andso areunlikelytobeabletobenefitfrompractisingwithnativespeakers.Ontheotherhand,youcanmakeveryconsiderableprogressbyspeakingtofellowlearners.Don"tbeembarrassedbecausebothofyouareChinese.Practisetenminuteseveryday.Afterafewweeks,youwillbegintonoticeadifference.Speakingwithothersisthebestwaytoensurethatyoucanreallymakeyourselfunderstood.Itisalsoagoodwayofidentifyingthewordsandphrasesthatyouwillneedindailylife.  [答疑编号506494010332:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】语言就是要利用它来说话的。所以为了高效地学习语言,你应该尝试着跟别人面对面地谈话。口头表达能增强你的自信心。当然,最好是和讲本地语言的人说话,才能强化这门语言。然而,大多数英语语言学习者并不生活在英语国家,所以,不大可跟讲英语为母语的人练习对话并从中获益。另一方面,你可以通过和一起学习英语的人们对话来获得很大进步。不要因为你们都是中国人而感到尴尬。每天练习十分钟。几个星期以后,你就会开始发现变化。和他人讲话是最好的方法来确保别人能理解你的表达,也是强化你日常所需要的词汇和短语的好方法。  Ⅴ.OrganizingYourIdeas  Directions:Putthefollowingsentencesintheproperordersothattheymakeacompleteparagraph.  1.Themothercatlookedupandsaid,"Bowwowwowwow!!!"  2.Whenthedogranaway,themothercatsaidtoherkittens,  3.Amothercatwasrestingwithherkittensinagarden.  4.Atthismoment,aviciousdogapproachedmenacingly.  5."See,children,thereisalwaysanadvantageinlearningasecondlanguage."  [答疑编号506494010333:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】排列句子顺序:3—4—1—2—5【解题思路】做句子排序题首先要通读各项,掌握短文的大意。然后要找出每一部分的关键词来确定句子先后顺序。第3句中交代了短文的关键信息:对象mothercat、kittens;地点inthegarden,因此作为首句。最后根据每一句中的关键词atthismoment,lookedup,runaway等确定各部分顺序。  Ⅵ.ReflectingontheText  思考:学习外语是否应该像儿童学习自己的母语?  AlmostallChinesestudentshavestudiedEnglishforquiteafewyearsbutmostofthemcannotspeakitcorrectlyorfluently.Somepeopleclaimthatthebestwaytolearnaforeignlanguageistolearnitasachildlearnshismothertongue.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?Whatarethedifferencesbetweenlearningaforeignlanguageandlearningone"smothertongue?Givereasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.  [答疑编号506494010334:针对该题提问] 【解题思路】本作文的主题是“学习外语是否应该像儿童学习自己的母语” ,可以分为三部分来写,下面以统一这种观点列出写作提纲。  1.明确自己的观点(agree)。  2.列出自己“统一”的原因。  (1)接触新事物,环境很重要(environment).  (2)勤加练习,善于学习(exerciseandstudy).  (3)每天进步一点点,就像孩子的成长一样(makeprogresseveryday)。  3.总结自己的观点。TextBNewWords  1、comparisonn.theprocessofcomparingtwoormorepeopleorthings比较  2、tensen.anyoftheformsofaverbthatmaybeusedtoshowthetimeoftheactionorstateexpressedbytheverb时态  3、prepositionn.awordoragroupofwords,suchasin,from,to,out,of,etc.,usedbeforeanounorpronountoshowplace,position,timeormethod介词  4、normallyadv.usually,innormalcircumstances通常;在正常情况下  5、preciseadj.exactandaccurateindetailordescription确切的;准确的  6、creativeadj.havingtheskillorabilitytoproducesomethingnew有创造力的  7、enhancev.toimprovethequality,amountorstrengthof(something)提高;增强;改进  8、completelyadv.totally,ineverywaypossible彻底地;完全地  9、excludev.topreventsomebody/somethingfromenteringaplaceortakingpartinsomething把…排斥在外  10、shunv.todeterminedlyavoid(somebody/something);torefusetoaccept(somebody/something)避开;回避;避免  11、relegatev.toput(something/somebody)intoalowerorlessimportantrankorposition降级;降低…的地位  12、cheesyadj.cheaporoflowquality劣质的;庸俗的  13、receptiveadj.willingtolistentoandacceptnewideasandsuggestions乐于接受的  14、frustratingadj.causingyoutofeelannoyedorimpatientbecauseyoucannotdoorachievewhatyouwant令人懊恼的;令人沮丧的  15、mediumn.amethodorwayofexpressingsomething媒介;手段;方法  16、profoundlyadv.inawaythathasaverygreateffectonsomebody/something极大地,深刻地  17、melodicadj.pleasanttolistento,likemusic悦耳的;优美动听的  18、gratefuladj.showingorexpressingthanks,especiallytoanotherperson感谢的;感激的  19、stubbornlyadvdeterminedly,stronglyrefusedtochange固执地;顽固地  20、ignorev.tointentionallynotlistenorgiveattentionto忽视;对…不予理会  21、communityn.thepeoplelivinginoneparticularareaorpeoplewhoareconsideredasaunitbecauseoftheircommoninterests,backgroundornationality社区;群体  22、majorityn.thelargestpartofagroupofpeopleorthings大多数  23、tonguen.alanguage语言  24、isolatedadj.withoutmuchcontactwithotherpeopleorothercountries孤独的;孤立的  25、realizev.tounderstandorbecomeawareofaparticularfactorsituation理解;意识到  26、immediatelyadv.withoutdelay;atonce立刻;立即  27、translatev.tochange(words)intoadifferentlanguage翻译  28、immediateadj.happeningordonewithoutdelay立即的  29、credibilityn.thequalitythatsomebody/somethinghasthatmakespeoplebelieveortrustthem可信性;可靠性  30、plainadv.completely,absolutely+足地;绝对地  31、cornyadj.lackingnewideasandsincerity;toooftenrepeatedandthereforenotamusingorinteresting 陈词滥调的;陈旧的;老生常谈的  32、pick-upn.talkingtosomebodyinafriendlywayinthehopeofhavingacasualrelationshipwiththem调情  33、tastefullyadv.attractively,elegantly,ingoodtaste高雅地;有品位地;雅致地  34、undeniablyadv.truly,certainly,inawaythatcannotbedenied无可辩驳地;不可否认地  35、refinementn.thequalityofbeingpoliteandeducatedandabletojudgethequalityofthings优雅;有礼貌;有教养  36、coedn.afemalestudentinacollegewithmaleandfemalestudents(男女同校的)女生  PhrasesandExpressions  makesensetohaveameaningthatyoucaneasilyunderstand有道理;有意义  hear…outtolistenuntilsomebodyhasfinishedsayingwhattheywanttosay听某人把话说完  measuringstickcriterionusedtomeasuresomething量尺;标准  take…forgrantedtobelievesomethingistruewithouteventhinkingabout认为……是理所当然的  getthemostoutoftogainorobtainthebestoutof,makethebestuseof获益最多;充分利用  exclude……fromtopreventsomebodyorsomethingfromtakingpartinsomething把……排斥在外  makeanefforttomakeanattempttodosomething,especiallywhenitisdifficult尽力;努力  bestruckbytobeimpressedorinterestedbysomebody/something,tolikesomebody/somethingverymuch被……打动;迷恋某人(某物)  selloneselfshorttoputtoolowavalueononeselfandwhatonedoes低估,轻视,小瞧(自己)  set……aparttomakesomebody/somethingdifferentfromorbetterthanothers使与众不同:使突出  bedyingtodo……tobeeagertodosomething,wanttodosomethingverymuch渴望;极想TextBPre-readingQuestions  1.AreyouinterestedinEnglish?WhydoyouthinkEnglishhasbecometheinternationallanguageofthemodernworld?  2.Whatreasonsdoyouexpecttheauthortogiveforlearningaforeignlanguage?  FiveGoodReasonstoLearnaForeignLanguage  Stilldon"tunderstandlearningaforeignlanguageisagoodidea?Readthefollowingandyouwillgettheidea!  1.Improveyournativelanguage  Iknowthismightnotmakesenseatfirstbuthearmeout.⑴Asapersonwhospeaksonlyonelanguage,youhavenobasisforcomparison;allyouknowisyournativelanguage.Indifferentlanguagesthesameideaisoftenexpressedindifferentways.Knowinganotherlanguagegivesyouagreatmeasuringstick.Itwillhelpyoubetterunderstandtenses,prepositionsandalltheotherpartsofspeechwenormallytakeforgranted.⑵Youwillfindyourselfspeakingandwritingmorepreciseandcreativesentences.Thereisareasonwhymostgreatwritersandpoetsarestudentsofmanylanguages.⑶  2.Enhanceyourexperienceoftravel  Travelingisoneofthegreatjoysoflifeandalsooneofthemostexpensive.Whynotgetthemostoutofit?Ifyoudon"tknowthelanguageoftheplacesyouvisit,youarecompletelyexcludedfromtheculture.⑷Thelocalsshunyouandyouarerelegatedtosightseeingandtakingcheesyphotos.⑸Knowingevenafewphrasesofthelanguagewillmakeahugedifference.Youwillmeetmanymorepeopleandfinditmucheasiertogetaround.Peoplearemuchmorereceptiveifyoumakeanefforttospeaktheirlanguage.⑹Thiscanturnafrustratingexperienceintothetripofalifetime.  3.Languagesarebeautiful  Languageiswhatmakesushuman.Itisthemediumweusetoshareourthoughtswiththerestoftheworld.Canyouimaginethoughtwithoutlanguage?Greatlanguagealsohasawonderfulmusical quality.Learninganewlanguageislikelearninganewwaytothinkandanewwaytosing.Iamoftenstruckbynewphrasesthatareprofoundlymeaningfulandmelodic.⑺AtthosemomentsIfeelgratefultobealive.Don"tsellyourselfshortbystubbornlyignoringeverylanguagebutone.⑻  4.Jointheglobalcommunity  Believeitornot,themajorityoftheworlddoesnotspeakourmothertongue.Wearesoisolatedthatwehardlyrealizethis.⑼Thetruthisthatnewthoughtsandideasareappearingeverywhereandtheyarenotbeingimmediatelytranslated.⑽Theworldisgettingsmallerandwearecomingintocontactwithmorenon-Chinesespeakersallthetime.Gainanadvantageforyourselfinbusinessandpersonalrelationshipsbybeingabletocommunicatewithpeopleintheirlanguage.⑾Thiswillsetyouapartandgainyouimmediaterespectandcredibility.  Last,butnotleast:  5.It"sjustplaincool  I"mnotsayingyoushouldlearnafewcornyFrenchpick-uplinesandgosayingthemtoeveryoneyoumeet,butknowingaforeigntongueandapplyingittastefullyisundeniablyattractive.⑿Itimplieseducation,goodtasteandrefinement,anditwillcertainlymakeyoustandoutagainstthecompetition.⒀Imaginesayingabeautifulphrasewithperfectpronunciationtoalovelycoed.Youwillimmediatelyhaveherattention;shewillbedyingtoknowwhatitmeans.Iknowthisfromexperience.KeySentences  1.Iknowthismightnotmakesenseatfirstbuthearmeout.  我知道最初这话听起来似乎没有道理,但是请让我把话说完.  2.Itwillhelpyoubetterunderstandtenses,prepositionsandalltheotherpartsofspeechwenormallytakeforgranted.  它将帮助你更好地理解时态、介词以及我们习以为常的其他部分。  3.Thereisareasonwhymostgreatwritersandpoetsarestudentsofmanylanguages.  这就是为什么大多数伟大的作家和诗人都学过几门语言。  4.Ifyoudon"tknowthelanguageoftheplacesyouvisit,youarecompletelyexcludedfromtheculture.  如果你不懂你所访问之处的语言,就完全被当地文化排除在外。  5.Thelocalsshunyouandyouarerelegatedtosightseeingandtakingcheesyphotos.  当地人不搭理你,你只能观光游览,拍一些俗气的照片。  6.Peoplearemuchmorereceptiveifyoumakeanefforttospeaktheirlanguage.  如果你尽量努力学说他们的语言,人们会更加乐于接受你。  7.Iamoftenstruckbynewphrasesthatareprofoundlymeaningfulandmelodic.  一些意义深远、音调优美动听的短语常常使我印象深刻。  8.Don"tsellyourselfshortbystubbornlyignoringeverylanguagebutone.  不要由于顽固地忽视任何一门语言低估自己。  9.Wearesoisolatedthatwehardlyrealizethis.  我们如此孤立,几乎没有意识到这一点。  10.Thetruthisthatnewthoughtsandideasareappearingeverywhereandtheyarenotbeingimmediatelytranslated.  事实上,新思想和新观念正在世界各地出现,并且它们不会立即被翻译。  11.Gainanadvantageforyourselfinbusinessandpersonalrelationshipsbybeingabletocommunicatewithpeopleintheirlanguage.  能用别人的语言与他们交流,这对你的事业和人际关系都是优势。  12.I"mnotsayingyoushouldlearnafewcornyFrenchpick-uplinesandgosayingthemtoeveryoneyoumeet,butknowingaforeigntongueandapplyingittastefullyisundeniably attractive.  我并不是说你应该学习一些老掉牙的法语搭讪语,并且对每个你遇到的人说这些语言,但是了解外语且运用自如无疑是有吸引力的。  13.Itimplieseducation,goodtasteandrefinement,anditwillcertainlymakeyoustandoutagainstthecompetition.  这意味着你有学识、有品位、有教养,这无疑会使你在竞争中脱颖而出。Notes  1.Apick-uplineisaconversationopenerwiththeintentofengaginganunfamiliarpersonforsex,romance,ordating.Overtandsometimeshumorousdisplaysofromanticinterest,pick-uplineareoftenusedas""ice-breakers"whenmeetingapersonforthefirsttime,astheytendtobecasualandopen-ended,offeringtheopportunityforromanticremarksandjokes.  Exercises  Ⅰcheckingyourcomprehension  SectionA  Direction:ReadthefollowingstatementsandmarkY(forYes)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthetext;N(forNo)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthetext;NG(forNotGiven)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthetext.  ( )1.Learningaforeignlanguagecanhelpyouunderstandyourmothertonguebetter.  [答疑编号506494010601:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】Y【答案解析】句意:学习一门外语能帮助你更好地理解你的母语。课文第二段提到,学习外语能够improveyournativelanguage,更好地理解时态、介词等。答案为Y。  ( )2.Mostgreatwritersandpoetsknowmorethanonelanguage.  [答疑编号506494010602:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】Y【答案解析】句意:很多作家以及诗人都不只会一门语言。根据关键词writersandpoets定位到第二段最后一句,即这就是为什么很多伟大的作家和诗人都曾学习多门语言。答案为Y。  ( )3.Knowingonlyafewwordsandphrasesofaforeignlanguageisoflittlehelp.  [答疑编号506494010603:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】N【答案解析】句意:知道几个外语单词和词组没有多大帮助。课文第三段第五句中提到,knowingevenafewphraseswillmakeahugedifference,即学会一些外语句子就会有很大不同,比如可能会遇到很多人,更容易融入当地生活等。答案为N。  ( )4.Knowingaforeignlanguagecanenhanceyourexperienceoftravel.  [答疑编号506494010604:针对该题提问]  【正确答案】Y【答案解析】句意:懂得一门外语能够改善你的旅行体验。课文标题2中涉及如下观点:enhanceyourexperienceoftravel改善你的旅行体验,因此本题说法正确。答案为Y。  ( )5.Languageistheonlymediumforustoexpressourthoughts.  [答疑编号506494010605:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】N【答案解析】句意:语言是我们表达自己思想的唯一媒介。课文第四段中提到,语言是我们同世界交流自己思想的媒介,但是在现实生活中我们还可以通过手势、表情等来表达我们的思想。因此本题说法错误。答案为N。  ( )6.Aforeignlanguageisthemostimportantfactorinbusinessandpersonalrelationships.  [答疑编号506494010606:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】NG【答案解析】句意:外语是事业和人际关系中最重要的因素。课文第五段倒数两句话说明,能够和他人用他们的语言交流,对事业和人际关系来说都是一大优势。但是并没有提到是不是最重要的因素。答案为NG。  SectionB  Directions:Completethefollowingsentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthetext.  1.Speakersofdifferentlanguagesoftenexpressthesameidea____________.  说不同语言的人常常以不同方式表达相同的概念。  [答疑编号506494010607:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】indifferentways【答案解析】课文第二段第三句提到,indifferentlanguagesthesameideaisoftenexpressedindifferentways,即同一个概念在不同的语言中有不同的表达方法。答案为indifferentways。  2.Ifyoudon"tknowthelocallanguage,youwillbeexcludedfrom_____________.  如果你不懂当地人的语言,就会被当地文化排斥在外。  [答疑编号506494010608:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】theculture【答案解析】通过关键词excludefrom定位到文章第三段第三句,ifyoudon"tknow thelanguageoftheplacesyouvisit,youareexcludedfromtheculture,即如果你不懂你旅行目的地的语言,你会被当地文化排斥在外。答案为theculture。  3.Theauthorbelievesthatlearninganewlanguageislikelearning___________.  作者认为,学习一门新的语言就像学习一种新的思维方式以及歌唱方式一样。  [答疑编号506494010609:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】anewwaytothinkandanewwaytosing【答案解析】本题考查学生学习一门新语言可以与学习____________相像。课文第四段第五句提到,Learninganewlanguageislikelearninganewwaytothinkandanewwaytosing,即学习一门新语言,就如同学习一种全新的思维方式以及歌唱方式一样。答案为anewwaytothinkandanewwaytosing。  4.__________iswhatmakesusdifferentfromtheanimals.  语言是区分人类与动物的一大特征。  [答疑编号506494010610:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】Language【答案解析】课文第四段首句提到,Languageiswhatmakesushuman,即语言是区分人类和动物的一大特征。答案为Language。  5.Knowingaforeignlanguagewillsetyouapartandgainyou__________.  学会一门外语使你与众不同,立刻赢得尊重和信誉。  [答疑编号506494010611:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】immediaterespectandcredibility【答案解析】通过关键词setapart定位到课文第五段最后一句,thiswillsetyouapartandgainyouimmediaterespectandcredibility,this指代前文中的communicatewithpeopleintheirlanguage。答案为immediaterespectandcredibility。  6.Speakingaforeignlanguagebeautifullycanmakeyou___________.  优雅地说一门外语,可以使你有吸引力。  [答疑编号506494010612:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】attractive【答案解析】最后一段提到,…knowingaforeigntongueandapplyingittastefullyisundeniablyattractive,后面是对attractive的具体举例。答案为attractive。  ⅡBuildingYourVocabulary  SectionA   Directions:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectchoiceofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.  1.Thetheoryseemstohaveno__________infacts.(base,basis)  [答疑编号506494010613:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】basis【答案解析】句意:这项理论似乎没有事实根据。空格中的词在句子中作动词have的宾语,因此应该填入一个名词。base和basis都可以作名词用,但是basis作名词时可以用作抽象意义,即基础原则等;base多用于具体意义,根据theory可知,basis符合题意。答案为basis。  2.Itisdifficulttomakea__________withherpreviousbook—theyarecompletelydifferent.(compare,comparison)  [答疑编号506494010614:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】comparison【答案解析】不定冠词a修饰空格中的词,因此应该填入名词形式。且makeacomparison进行比较,是固定搭配。答案为comparison。  3.Thereareotherrestaurantswhereyoucaneatless__________.(expensive,expensively)  [答疑编号506494010615:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】expensively【答案解析】句意:你可以在其他不那么贵的饭店吃东西。less是little的比较级,修饰形容词或副词。空格处所填词修饰动词eat,因此应用副词形式的expensively,意为昂贵地、高价地,答案为expensively。  4.Hewrotethe___________butIdon"tknowwhowrotethewords.(music,musical)  [答疑编号506494010616:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】music【答案解析】定冠词the修饰空格中的词,在句子中作动词wrote的宾语,因此空格中应该填入名词形式的music。而musical可以作形容词,作名词时,意思是音乐剧/片。答案为music。  5.Shewasopen-mindedandalways________tonewideas.(reception,receptive)  [答疑编号506494010617:针对该题提问]  【正确答案】receptive【答案解析】and连接两个并列的成分,即形容词open-minded和空格中的词,因此空格中应该填入形容词receptive,意思是善于接受的。答案为receptive。  6.Newspapersweretalkingofa___________gapbetweenwhathesaidandwhathedid.(credible,credibility)  [答疑编号506494010618:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】credible【答案解析】空格中的词与前面的不定冠词a以及后面的名词gap构成名词短语,在句中作动词talkingof的宾语,因此空格中应该填入形容词credible,意思是可靠的。答案为credible。  SectionB  Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.  ②precise⑥frustrate③stubborn④creative  majorrefine⑤isolation①realized  1.ThemomentIsawhim,I___________thatsomethingwaswrong.  [答疑编号506494010619:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】realized【答案解析】句意:一看到他,我就认识到事情出了差错。空格中的词在句子中作谓语成分,因此应该填入一个动词,然后根据句子主语与宾语的逻辑关系可知,realize认识到,符合题意。答案为realized。  2.Let"snottroubleourselvesaboutthe______detailsatthemoment.  [答疑编号506494010620:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】precise【答案解析】空格中的词修饰后面的名词details,并与前面的定冠词the构成名词短语,作介词about的宾语,因此空格中应该填入一个形容词。precise意为叙述清楚而准确的,符合题意。答案为precise。  3.Likemany__________individuals,shecanbeverybad-tempered.  [答疑编号506494010621:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】stubborn【答案解析】句意:像许多固执的人一样,她的脾气很坏。空格中的词在句子中修饰后面的名词individuals,同时根据后面bad-tempered可以推断出,前面应该填入的是形容词stubborn固执的。答案为stubborn。   4.Heisa__________character,usedtogettinghisownway.  [答疑编号506494010622:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】creative【答案解析】usedtogettinghisownway习惯自己随心所欲,与别人不同,因此前面应该填入一个表示如此意思的形容词,修饰名词character。creative意为具有创造性的,符合题意。答案为creative。  5.Afterallthevisitorhadleft,sheexperiencedafeelingofcomplete____________.  [答疑编号506494010623:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】isolation【答案解析】句意:所有的游客离开之后,她体验到了孤独的感觉。根据前半句提到的所有游客都离开可知,此处空格应该填入一个表达孤独意思的词。空格处应填入被complete修饰的名词,isolation意为隔离、孤独,符合题意。答案为isolation。  6.Michaelfelt____________anddepressedafterhismarriageendedindivorce.  [答疑编号506494010624:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】frustrated【答案解析】Michael离婚之后感到挫败和沮丧。and连接前后两个并列的词,同时根据后面的depressed可知,前面应该填入与depressed同为消极意思的词。frustrated挫败的,符合题意。答案为frustrated。  SectionC  Directions:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswithasuitableword.  1.Researchersaretryingtorelatelowexamresults___________largeclasssizes.  [答疑编号506494010625:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】to【答案解析】句意:研究人员尝试把考试成绩差(的原因)与班级规模大联系起来。relate..,to...意为把……和……联系起来,是固定搭配。答案为to。  2.Manyofus___________havinganendlesssupplyofcleanwaterforgranted.  [答疑编号506494010626:针对该题提问]  【正确答案】take【答案解析】句意:我们中的许多人想当然的认为纯净水的供应无穷无尽而不予以珍惜。take...forgranted认为……理所当然,是固定搭配。答案为take。  3.Thisarticlewillshowyouhowtogetajob,keepitandmakethemost___________ofit.  [答疑编号506494010627:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】out【答案解析】句意:这篇文章告诉我们怎样找工作,好好保存并充分利用它。makethemostoutof是固定短语,充分利用。答案为out。  4.Tomhasbeenexcluded__________schoolforhisbadbehavior.  [答疑编号506494010628:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】from【答案解析】句意:汤姆因为他的不良行为而被学校拒绝接纳。exclude...from...是固定搭配,把……排除在……外。答案为from。  5.Inoneyearsheturnedfromaproblemchild___________amodelstudent.  [答疑编号506494010629:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】into【答案解析】句意:她在一年中由一个问题儿童变成一个模范学生。turninto(使)成为,(使)变为,转变为,是固定搭配。答案为into。  6.Shecameintocontact___________manyimportantpeopleduringherstayinthatcity.  [答疑编号506494010630:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】with【答案解析】句意:她在那城市逗留期间,接触了许多要人。contactwith是固定搭配,与……联系。答案为with。  ⅢTranslation  SectionA  Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsorphrasesinthebrackets.  Theraindidn"t_____________________(对比赛没有多大影响).(makedifference)  [答疑编号506494010631:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】makeanydifferencetothe match【答案解析】makedifference关系重大,是固定搭配,后面接宾语的时候用of连接。答案为makeanydifferencetothematch。翻译:这场雨对比赛没有多大影响。  2.Thelocalclubsare__________________(正尽一切努力来吸引更多的年轻人).(makeeffort)  [答疑编号506494010632:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】makingalltheeffortstoattractmoreyoungpeople【答案解析】makeeffortstodosomething尽力做某事,是固定搭配。makealltheefforts尽全力吸引更多的年轻人,即attractmoreyoungpeople。答案为makingalltheeffortstoattractmoreyoungpeople。翻译:当地的俱乐部正尽一切努力来吸引更多的年轻人。  3.SheseemstothinkthatI_______________(有份工作就该谢天谢地了).(begrateful)  [答疑编号506494010633:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】shouldbegratefulforjustajob【答案解析】begratefulfor…意为对……心存感激。“应该”可用情态动词should表达。答案为shouldbegratefulforjustajob。翻译:她似乎认为我有份工作就该谢天谢地了。  4.____________________(信不信由你,他向我求婚了)!(believeitornot)  [答疑编号506494010634:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】Believeitornot,heproposedtome!【答案解析】proposetosomeone是固定短语,意思是向某人求婚。答案为Believeitornot,heproposedtome.翻译:信不信由你,他向我求婚了!  5.Herelegantstyle_____________________(使她与其他记者截然不同).(set…apart)  [答疑编号506494010635:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】setsherapartfromotherreporters.【答案解析】setapart是固定搭配,使……与……不同,后面接宾语的时候用from连接。记者可以译为journalists或者reporters。答案为setsherapartfromotherjournalists/reporters。翻译:她优雅的风格使她与其他记者截然不同。  SectionB  Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.  LearningEnglishisn"tjustaboutdoingbusiness.Italsoopensupyourworldtoalotofdifferentfunactivities.OneofthemainreasonspeoplewishtolearnEnglishtodayisthattheywanttomeetpeoplefromallovertheworldthroughtheInternet.ThroughEnglish,youwillbeabletotalktodifferentpeople,andseetheworldthroughtheireyes.Youwillbeabletohear interestingstoriesandconnectwiththeworldinawayyoumayneverhavethoughtpossible.  [答疑编号506494010636:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】译文:  学习英语不单纯是做一件事务,通过学习英语也可以打开你的世界,给你许多不同有趣的活动。今天人们学英语的主要原因之一,就是通过互联网结交全世界人民。通过英语,你可以与不同的人们交谈,并且通过他们的视角看世界。你将能够听到有趣的故事,并与世界紧密相连,这些可能都是你从未意识到的。  ⅣWriting  SectionA  Directions:Thefollowingsentencesaregrammaticallyincorrectorincoherent.Improvethem.  Example:Mathematicsarerequiredofallthefreshmen.  Revision:Mathematicsisrequiredofallthefreshmen.  1.Somebodythinkthatspeakingisnotasimportantasreadingandwriting.  [答疑编号506494010637:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】Somebodythinksthatspeakingisnotasimportantasreadingandwriting.【答案解析】主语somebody是第三人称单数,因此谓语动词think要加s。  2.Thestudentsalwaysworkingtilllateatnightbeforetakingexams.  [答疑编号506494010638:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】Thestudentsarealwaysworkingtilllateatnightbeforetakingexams.  Thestudentsalwaysworktilllateatnightbeforetakingexams.【答案解析】本句中主语thestudents与现在分词working之间缺少be动词。be动词在现在进行时态中作助动词,意为正在进行的时候,be不能解释为“是”,否则不通顺。或者改为一般现在时,谓语为work即可。  3.However,therearestillalotofquestionsremaintobeanswered.  [答疑编号506494010639:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】However,therearestillalotofquestionsremainingtobeanswered.【答案解析】本题中出现are与remain两个谓语动词,因此remain变为remaining。remaining指某事有待于以后被处置,后面常接不定式的被动形式,表示主语是不定式的承受者。  4.Heboughtthevestatamen"sclothingstorewhichcostonlyfivedollars.   [答疑编号506494010640:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】Heboughtthevestatamen’sclothingstorewhichcosthimonlyfivedollars.【答案解析】关系代词which引导定语从句,用来补充说明前面句子中的先行词thevest,本题中which引导的定语从句与先行词thevest相隔太远,易造成歧义。我们可利用costsb.sth.的动词结构修正从句的结构,使表达更准确。  5.IfoneistoreadBeckett"splaysintelligently,youshouldfirstfamiliarizeyourselfwithBeckett"snovels.  [答疑编号506494010641:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】IfyouaretoreadBeckett"splaysintelligently,youshouldfirstfamiliarizeyourselfwithBeckett"snovels【答案解析】本题中if句中的主语one与后句中的主语you不一致,因此应该把后面的you以及yourself改为第三人称单数形式。或者采用主语为you的形式。    塞缪尔·贝克特(SamuelBeckett,1906年4月13日-1989年11月10日),20世纪爱尔兰、法国作家,创作的领域包括戏剧、小说和诗歌,尤以戏剧成就最高。他是荒诞派戏剧的重要代表人物。1969年,他因“以一种新的小说与戏剧的形式,以崇高的艺术表现人类的苦恼”而获得诺贝尔文学奖。  SectionB  Directions:Supplyatopicsentenceforthefollowingparagraph.  ____________________________.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,over95%of13-year-oldsintheUKnowownamobilephone,andteenagersaretextingfarmorethantheytalk.Theaverageyoungpersonmakesorreceives3.5callsaday,butsendsorreceivesanincredible9.6textsaday.Becausetextlengthislimitedtoamaximumof160characterspermessage,youngtextershavedevelopednewwayofwritingwordsandphrasesinashortenedform,soastousethesmallestnumberofcharacterspossible.Forexamplethemessage"Ihopetoseeyouatthepartylater,loveJo"canbewrittenHope2CU@partyL8R,luvJo.ManypeopleareconcernedthatUseof"textspeak"iserodingtheEnglishlanguageanddamagingchildren"sabilitytowrite"correct"English.However,adefinitelinkbetweentextinganddeteriorationinchildren"swritinghasyettobeproved.  [答疑编号506494010642:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】Textingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularamongyoung people.【答案解析】空格后面一句用具体的调查数据说明了英国青少年使用手机发信息的人数很多,因此空格中应该填入总结说明英国青少年使用手机发信息的句子。GrammarinFocus时态(Tense)  时态(Tense)常用12种时态的构成及用法  构成:时间(time)和形式(aspect)的结合现在present过去past将来future过去将来一般simple一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时进行continuous现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时 完成perfect现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时 完成进行现在完成进行时过去完成进行时    1)一般现在时:  Atthattime,peopledidn"tknowthattheearthmoves.  Whentheyleaveschool,theywillgohome.  Ifitisfinetomorrow,Iwillgooutforapicnic.  2)一般过去时:Heboughtacarin1995.  3)一般将来时:TheywillleaveforHongKongtomorrow.  4)过去将来时:HeaskedmewhereIwouldspendmyholidays.  5)现在进行时:Motheriswaitingformenow.  6)过去进行时:Whatwereyoudoingat6p.m.lastnight?  7)将来进行时:IshallbeflyingtoShanghaiatthreetomorrowafternoon.  8)现在完成时:Ihaven"tseenhersince1999.  9)过去完成时:WhenIcametoherhome,shehadalreadyleft.  10)将来完成时:I"msurehewillhaveleftTokyobythistimetomorrow.  11)现在完成进行时:Shehasbeenlookingforherbossforalmostanhour.  12)过去完成进行时:Thetelephonehadbeenringingforthreeminutesbeforesomebodyansweredit.  英语中,表示动作或状态发生或存在于不同的时间,谓语动词就要采用不同的形式,这种不同的动词形式在传统语法中称为时态(tenses)。英语时态纷繁复杂,用法各不相同。各类大型考试中常见的时态主要有将来完成时、过去完成时、现在完成时、一般过去时、现在进行时和一般将来时。  一、将来完成时  将来完成时表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作或存在状态,也可用来表示推测。句中通常有一个明确表示将来时间的状语,如by或before引导的表示将来时间的介词词组或从句。  Bythetimethecourseends,wewillhavelearntalotabouteachother.  Bytheyear2020,scientistsprobablywillhavediscoveredacureforcancer.  Ihavebeenstudyinghereforfouryears.BynextsummerIshallhavegraduated.  二、过去完成时  过去完成时表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作或存在的状态,常伴有by,before等介词或连词引导的表示到过去某一时间为止的时间状语。  Mr.SmithhadlearnedsomeChinesebeforehecametoChinain1975.  Untilyesterday,hisfamilyhadn"theardfromhimforthreeweeks.  注意:   过去完成时总是表示在过去某一时间或动作发生以前,另一动作已经发生或完成。先发生的动作常用过去完成时表示,后发生的动作则多用一般过去时表示。因此,可以认为过去完成时是相对于过去某一时刻的过去,即过去的过去。  提示:  ●Nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等句型中,先发生的动作用过去完成时表示,后发生的动作用一般过去时表示。  Hardlyhadhefinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencestartedcheering.  Wehadnosoonergotoutthanitbegantorain.  ●hope,intend,mean,expect,assume,want,suppose,understand等动词的过去完成时常常用来表示“本来希望(指望)”“原打算”“原以为”等。  Ihadassumedthatyouwouldnotcomeheretodayinthisterribleweather.  三、现在完成时  现在完成时主要有两种用法,一种是“已经完成”,即谓语动词表示的动作或状态已经完成或结束;另一种是“尚未完成”,即谓语动词表示的动作或状态已经持续一段时间,但有可能会继续持续下去。这种时态强调动作对现在依然有着某种影响。  IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimessince1979.  Thepricesofmanykindsofmedicinehavebeenreducedrecently.  Wehaven"tseeneachothersincewegraduatedin1995.  提示:  ●现在完成时常与表示一段时间的状语如since,fortwo(three…)years(months,weeks),sofar,uptillnow,inrecent(past)years等连用。  ●非延续性动词(动词表示的动作不可持续较长的时间,又称短暂动词),如join,marry,die,find,fall,come,knock,awaken等可以用于完成时态,但不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。表达这种意思时常用表示状态的结构,如Ihavebeenwithoutmykeysforaweek.  ●现在完成时与现在情况相关联,强调过去的动作对现在的影响,而一般过去时仅仅表示过去的事情,与现在情况没有联系。  四、一般过去时  一般过去时用于表示一个发生或存在于过去某个时间的动作、状态或习惯。一般过去时表示的过程无论时间长短,无论是状态还是动作,都已成为过去,现已未复存在。一般情况下,该时态总是伴有一个明确表示过去时间的状语,如then,atthattime,justnow,fiveyearsago等,或由when,while等引导的表示过去时间的状语从句。  Mybosshadatalkwithmethismorning.  Icleanedtheroomonlyanhouragoandnowit"sdirtyagain.  Atthelastmeeting,Mr.Brownwaselectedchairmanofthecommittee.  提示:  “usedto+动词原形”用于表示过去的习惯性动作或状态,含有“过去曾经……,但现在不……”的意思,仅用于过去时。注意:beusedto意思是“习惯于”,其中to是介词,后面只能接名词或动名词。  Weusedtogoswimmingwhenwewereatcollege.  Mybrotherusedtobeachainsmokerafewyearsago.  五、现在进行时  主要表示此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况。现在进行时的这一用法可以不用时间状语,也可以和now,atthemoment等时间状语连用。  SteveisstudyingChineseatPekingUniversity.  Heiswritingabookabouttheoriesonhumanbehaviour.  提示:  ●现在进行时还可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,多用于表示位置转移的动词,如go,come,leave,arrive,start等。如:  SheiscomingnextweekandisstayinghereuntilAugust.  ●现在进行时还可用于表示一个频繁发生的动作,这时通常与always,forever,continually,constantly 等副词连用,表达一种强烈的感情色彩。如:  Aliceisalwayscomplainingabouttheterriblecoldweatherhere.  六、一般将来时  表示在未来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态通常后接一个表示将来的时间状语,如tomorrow,nextweek(month,year),soon等。  Iwillconsideryourproposalcarefullyandinformyouofmydecisionassoonaspossible.  Nextweek,mydaughterwillbetenyearsold.  一般将来时还有其他几种常见表达,如begoingto,beabouttodo,betodo等。  Nextyear,wearegoingtospendoursummervacationintheMediterranean.  Georgeisputtingonweight.Heisgoingtobequitefat.  IfthePrimeMinisteristospeakontelevision,Isupposethatmeansthere"sanothercrisis.  七、时态的呼应  时态的呼应在语法上也称为时态的一致,指在主从复合句中,主句和从句之间的时态必须保持一致。主句谓语动词的时态常常直接影响和决定着从句谓语动词的时态。时态呼应的一般原则是,当主句谓语动词使用现在时或将来时的时候,从句谓语动词可根据具体情况,使用所需要的各种时态。当主句谓语动词使用过去时的时候,从句谓语动词必须便用过去时态中的某种形式;但如果从句中表示的是不受时间限制的科学事实、格言或客观真理,则从句谓语动词依然使用一般现在时。  ShesayssheisnowanengineeringstudentatHarvardUniversity.  Hisrelativecouldn"tunderstandwhyhespentsomuchmoneyonbooks.  Theteachertoldthemthatsincelighttravelsmuchfasterthansound,lightingappearstoarrivebeforethunder.  Exercises  Directions:Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.  1.Bytheendoflastyear,I_____inthiscollegefortenyears.  A)haveworked  B)hadworked  C)worked  D)havebeenworking  [答疑编号506494010701:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】B【答案解析】译文:截至去年年底,他已经在这所大学工作10年了。本题考查过去完成时的用法。题中bytheendoflastyear是一个到过去某一时间(此处是去年)为止的时间状语,指去年年底以前一直存在的状态,符合过去完成时的用法。A是现在完成时的构成;C是一般过去时;D是现在完成进行时。答案为B。  2.Thestationmastertoldusthetrain______fiveminutesbefore.  A)left  B)hasleft  C)hadleft  D)hadbeenleft  [答疑编号506494010702:针对该题提问]  【正确答案】C【答案解析】译文:火车站站长告诉我们火车5分钟前已经开了。本题考查过去完成时的用法。“火车开走了”发生在“站长告诉我”这个动作之前,即过去的过去,因此应该用过去完成时。A是一般过去时;B是现在完成时;D是过去完成时的被动语态,leave在此处指离开、出发,是不及物动词,用被动语态本身就是错误的。答案为C。  3.WhenhewasinHangzhou,hevisitedtheplaceswherehe______asachild.  A)played  B)hasplayed  C)hadplayed  D)hadbeenplaying  [答疑编号506494010703:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】C【答案解析】译文:在杭州的时候,他游览了儿时玩过的地方。本题包含两个从句:由when引导的时间状语和由where引导的定语从句。从主句的visited可以判断从句要用过去的某种时态(本章讲过的时态呼应),B错;从题意可知,这里讲的是他去杭州之前已经完成的动作,要用过去完成时。A是一般过去时,显然不是和visited同时发生的;D是过去完成进行时,指的是过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或过去存在的状态一直持续到现在,显然不合题意。答案为C。  4.Agreatnumberofsmallpowerstations_______inthiscountrysinceliberation.  A)havesetup  B)havebeensetup  C)weresetup  D)setup  [答疑编号506494010704:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】B【答案解析】译文:自解放以来,这个国家建立了许多小型发电站。首先从主语Agreatnumberofsmallpowerstation和谓语setup之间的关系可以判断本题要用被动语态,A和D错误。再从since引导的时间状语可判断要用完成时,C错。答案为B。  5.Whenshe______allthemagazine,she"llcomebackhome.  A)hassold  B)willsell  C)sell  D)wouldsell  [答疑编号506494010705:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】A【答案解析】译文:她卖完所有杂志就会回家。从句意可知sell这个动作只有完成了才能对我回家产生效果或影响,此处要用现在完成时。答案为A。  6.Theywillnotdecidetheirattitudeuntilthey_______whatthespeakerhasto say.  A)hear  B)willhear  C)willhaveheard  D)haveheard  [答疑编号506494010706:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】D【答案解析】译文:他们在演讲者讲完之后才会表明态度。本题是由not…until…(直到……才……)引导的时间状语从句。从句意可知此处讲的是现在完成的动作对将来产生的影响,要用现在完成时态。A为一般现在时,B为一般将来时,C为将来完成时。答案为D。  7.Careydidn"tgotothepartylastnightbecauseshe______thebabyforhersisteruntil9:30.  A)musthavelookedafter  B)wouldhavetolookafter  C)hadtolookafter  D)shouldhavelookedafter  [答疑编号506494010707:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】C【答案解析】译文:因为要帮助姐姐照看孩子一直到九点半,Carey昨晚没参加聚会。首先判断这四个情态动词的用法:must意为“必须”,指主观意愿;would意为“将要”,指决心和意愿;haveto意为“不得不”,指客观需要;should意为“应该”,指建议、警告等。A和C是情态动词接完成时的用法,A表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测;C表示本来应该做,但是实际没做,均不合题意。B指将不得不照看孩子,时态与主句的didn"t不符。根据句意可知本句是对过去客观事实的陈述,并没带有情感色彩,因此用一般过去时。答案为C。  8.Iwouldhavegonetoseehiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butI_____fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.  A)were  B)hadbeen  C)havebeen  D)was  [答疑编号506494010708:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】D【答案解析】译文:如果有可能的话我将会去医院看他,但是我上周一直很忙。此处haditbeen…这个倒装句相当于条件句,表示假设。主句wouldhavegone表示本该做但是没做,是对过去事情的虚拟。后半句指在过去某一时间(lastweek),我的真实状态,属于对现实的客观描述,因此应用一般过去时。答案为D。  9.Tom______eatouteveryday,butnowhecan"tafford it.  A)used  B)usedto  C)isusedto  D)wasusedto  [答疑编号506494010709:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】B【答案解析】译文:Tom过去每天都下馆子,但是他现在没钱下馆子。本题考查use的用一法:A是use的过去式;usedto意为“过去常常”;beusedto意为“被用来……”。还有一种用法是usedtodoing意为“习惯做……”。根据句意B正确。答案为B。  10.Nowit"s4:50already,andtherain______downlikethis.Theymustbewaitingforusimpatiently.  A)pours  B)pouring  C)ispouring  D)poured  [答疑编号506494010710:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】C【答案解析】译文:现在已经4点50了,雨还是这样一直下着。他们肯定等我们等得不耐烦了。首先第一个句子由and连接两个分句,and后面的分句缺少谓语动词,B不能作谓语。从句意可知雨一直下,表示持续的状态,要用现在进行时。答案为C。  11.She______lawwhileherbrotherisdoingmodernlanguages.  A)studies  B)studying  C)isstudying  D)study  [答疑编号506494010711:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】C【答案解析】译文:她学法律,而她哥哥学习现代语言。本题是由while引导的两个并列分句,前面句子缺少谓语动词,B不能作谓语;D用在she后面本身就是错误的;while前后引导两个并列的句子,前后时态要一致。答案为C。  12.He_______somebodycreepingintothehousethroughtheopenwindowlastnight.  A)saw  B)wasseeing  C)isseeing  D)hasbeen  [答疑编号506494010712:针对该题提问]  【正确答案】A【答案解析】译文:昨晚他看见有人从敞开的窗户爬进屋子。首先从时间状语lastnight判断本题要用过去的时态,C和D错误。see是短暂性动词,不能用于进行时来表示持续的状态,B错。A表示看到的结果,符合题意。答案为A。  13.Greateffortstoincreaseagriculturalproductionmustbemadeiffoodshortages_____avoided.  A)aretobe  B)canbe  C)willbe  D)hasbeen  [答疑编号506494010713:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】A【答案解析】译文:要避免粮食短缺,必须加大力度提高粮食产量。betodo表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情;表示可能性,必要、责任、义务、禁止等。willdo表示主观意愿将要做某事。B表示粮食短缺能够避免,D表示粮食短缺已经避免,都不合题意。显然此处是提前计划避免粮食短缺,而不是主观意愿,要用A。答案为A。  14.Willyoucallthemupandtellthemwe"llstartassoonastherain_____?  A)stop  B)stops  C)istostop  D)isgoingtostop  [答疑编号506494010714:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】B【答案解析】译又:你能打电话告诉他们雨一停我们就出发吗?assoonas指“一……就……”,在它引导的时间状语从句中,遵循主将从现原则。另外rain是不可数名词,其后动词要用单数,A错;C和D都是一般将来时,不符合句意。答案为B。  15.Bythetimeyouhavecompletedtheessentialtraining,you_____exposedtovirtuallyeverynewfeatureofthecourse.  A)willhavebeen  B)willbe  C)wouldhavebeen  D)wouldbe  [答疑编号506494010715:针对该题提问]  【正确答案】A【答案解析】译文:完成了基本培训,你将从本质上接触这门课的所有新特征。从句意可知本题是表示将来某一时间之前存在的状态,即接触这门课的新特征。另外主语you与谓语expose之间存在被动关系。因此应填入将来完成时的被动语态。答案为A。  TipsforEnglishLearning学习英语的忠告  IdentifyingYourMotivation确定你的动机  "Whatisthebestwaytolearnalanguage?"  Manystudentsaskthisquestion,andtheanswersareasdifferentasthepeopleaskingthequestion.  Themostimportantpieceofadviceis:"Dosomething(anything).Ifyoudon"tdoanything,youwon"tgetanywhere.Makeityourhobby;notachore;aboveall,havefun!"  Don"tbeintoomuchofhurry.Youaresellingoffonalongjourneyand.therewillbedelaysandfrustrationsalongtheway.Sometimesyouwillbeinthefastlaneandatothertimesyouwillbestuckintraffic,buttherewillalwaysbelotsofinterestingthingsandinterestingpeoplealongtheway.Takeyourtimetoreallyenjoytheexperience.  HerearesometipswhichwillhelpyouonyourwaytoEnglishfluency.Enjoyyourstudyandremembertousethelanguageyouhavelearnedinasmanycircumstancesaspossible.Fullimmersioninthelanguageisthefastestwaytolearnandlearnwell.  Tip1:IdentifyingYourMotivation  Firstofall,youmustwanttolearn.IfyouarenotinterestedinlearningEnglish,noclasswillhelpyou,nobookwillhelpyou,andnotipswillmakeiteasier.Ifyouarenotinterested,youwillfindreasonstoavoidstudyingand,wheneveryoudostudy,itwillbeverydifficult.  Next,youneedtoidentifyyourmotivation.Askyourself,"WhydoIwanttolearnEnglish?WhydoIwanttoimprovemyEnglish?"SomepeoplewanttolearnEnglishtogetabetterjobortobeconsideredforpromotion.OthersmayneedtolearnEnglishtoattenduniversityorschool.StillothersmaywanttolearnEnglishsotheycanenjoylifeinEnglish-speakingcountriesmore,bybeingabletounderstandmoviesandTVandmakefriendswiththeirneighbours.Eachpersonisdifferent,soeachperson"smotivationwillalsobedifferent.Ifyouhaveidentifiedyourmotivation,itwillbeeasierforyoutolearnEnglish,becauseitwillhelptoencourageyouasyoulearnEnglish.  [答疑编号506494010716:针对该题提问] 【正确答案】参考译文:  “什么是学习语言最好的方法?”  很多学生问这个问题,并且答案是不同的。  最重要的建议是:“做一些事(任何事),如果你不行动起来,你就什么也不会。把语言学习当作你的业余爱好,不要当成讨厌的负担。总之,要有乐趣。”  不要急功近利。恰似你出门旅行,途中会有一些延误和挫折。有时你行进在快行线路,有时会遇到交通阻塞,但是沿途总有许多趣事和有趣的人们。花你的时间真正享受这个经历。  这有一些忠告帮助你学好英语。享受学习的乐趣,记住尽可能多在环境中使用你所学过的语言。专心致志地学是最快地学好一门语言的方法。  技巧1:确定你的动机  首先,你必须想要学习。如果你对英语学习不感兴趣,没有任何课程和书籍能帮助你,没有任何指导能使得学习更加容易一些。如果你不感兴趣,你找找原因避免学习,不然你的学习将是十分困难。  另外,你需要确定你的动机。问问你自己:“我为什么要学习英语?为什么要提高我的英语水平?” 一些人学英语是为了找到更好的工作或者是为了升职。另一些人是为了求学。还有一些人要学习英语是为了在那些说英语的国家更多地享受生活,能够看懂电影和电视,与邻居交朋友。每个人情况不一样,所以每个人的学习动机也不相同。如果你已经确定了学习英语的动机,将会使你学得比较容易一些,因为动机将帮助你在学习的时候有信心。'