• 1.27 MB
  • 2022-04-22 11:41:10 发布

2014年10月自考《英语一》讲义 Unit 04_(含课文、生词表、课后练习及答案).doc

  • 33页
  • 当前文档由用户上传发布,收益归属用户
  1. 1、本文档共5页,可阅读全部内容。
  2. 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,可选择认领,认领后既往收益都归您。
  3. 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细先通过免费阅读内容等途径辨别内容交易风险。如存在严重挂羊头卖狗肉之情形,可联系本站下载客服投诉处理。
  4. 文档侵权举报电话:19940600175。
' Unit4FriendsandFriendship  AFAMOUSQUOTE  Thebestwaytodestroyanenemyistomakehimafriend.                ——AbrahamLincoln  摧毁敌人最好的办法就是把他变成朋友。                ——亚伯拉罕·林肯    AbrahamLincoln(1809—1865),16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1861—1865)andAmericancivilwarleader.Hesuccessfullyledhiscountrythroughitsgreatestconstitutional,militaryandmoralcrisis—theAmericanCivilWar—preservingtheUnionwhileendingslavery,andpromotingeconomicandfinancialmodernization.HewasimmortalizedbyhisEmancipationProclamation,hisGettysburgAddress,andtwooutstandinginauguraladdresses.  亚伯拉罕·林肯,美国第16任总统(任期:1861年3月4日-1865年4月15日)美国南北战争的领导者。他成功地领导他的国家度过了宪法、军事和道德危机——南北战争——在结束奴隶制的同时维护了联邦的统一,促进了经济和金融现代化。他的《解放黑奴宣言》、《葛底斯堡演说》、还有两篇杰出的就职演说使他名垂千古。SpeakingActivityTalkingonthePhoneSampleDialogue  Readthefollowingconversation.Payattentiontohowthespeakerstalkonthephone.  Operator:Hello.Thisistheemergency911operator.  TaxiDriver:Help!Pleasehelpme!  Operator:Yes,sir.Pleasecalmdownandexplainexactlywhat"sthematter.  TaxiDriver:Calmdown!MycarhasbrokendownandIhavealadypassengerandshe"sgoingintolabor.  Operator:Nowrelax,sir.Explainexactlywhereyouare.  TaxiDriver:I"m…I"minthesouthboundlaneoftheLincolnExpresswayandtheladycan"twait.  Operator:Okay.What"syourname,sir,andyourpassenger"s?  TaxiDriver:It"s…It"sBob,andIhavenoideaaboutthewoman.She"sinnoconditiontotellme.  Operator:Okay.Nowwhereareyou?What"sthenearestlandmarkyoucansee?  TaxiDriver:Umm,Icanseegoldenarches…there"saMcDonald"s.  Operator:Ok,I"vejustsentoffanambulance.Itshouldbethereany  second.  TaxiDriver:Hey,isthereanythingIcandofortheladywhilewewaitfortheambulance?  Operator:Yes,uh,keephercalmandwarm.  TaxiDriver:Okay.Pleasehurry.…Oh,they"retoolate.…It"saboy!GuidedPractice  Directions:Giveaphonecalltothenearestrestaurantandorderatakeout.Supplyyourowninformation.Youmayusethefollowingtipstohelpyou.  Hello.Thisis…  Explainexactlywhereyouare.  What"syourname,sir/madam?  It"s…  What"sthenearestlandmarkyoucansee?  Icansee…  Okay.Pleasehurry.TextANewWords  1、kindergartenn.aschoolorclasstopreparechildrenagedfiveoryoungerforschool学前班;幼儿园  2、scrubv.tocleansomethingbyrubbingithard,perhapswithabrushandusuallywithsoapandwater擦洗;刷洗  3、upsetadj.unhappyordisappointedbecauseofsomethingunpleasantthathashappened不高兴的;失望的  4、bickerv.toargueaboutthingsthatarenotimportant(为小事)斗嘴,争吵  5、lifelongadj.lastingorexistingallthroughyourlife终身的;毕生的  6、siblingn.abrotherorsister兄;弟;姐;妹  7、fulfillmentn.(Am.E)theactofdoingorachievingwhatwashopedfororexpected实现  8、frequentlyadv.often频繁地;经常  9、subtleadj.notverynoticeableorobvious不易察觉的;不明显的;微妙的  10、favoritismn.(AmE)theactofunfairlytreatingonepersonbetterthanothersbecauseyoulikethembetter偏爱;偏袒  11、bitternessn.thequalityorstateoffeelingangryandunhappybecauseyoufeelthatyouhavebeentreatedunfairly愤愤不平  12、constantlyadv.allthetime;repeatedly始终;一直,重复不断地  13、teenagern.apersonwhoisbetween13and19yearsold(13至19岁之间的)青少年,青少年男女  14、bondingn.theprocessofformingaspecialrelationshipwithsomebodyorwithagroupofpeople人与人之间的关系(或联结)  15、maidofhonorn.(especiallyintheUS)ayoungwomanwhoisnotmarriedandwhoisthemainbridesmaidatwedding(尤用于美国英语,指未婚的)首席女傧相,伴娘  16、apartmentn.asetofroomsforlivingin,usuallyononefloorofabuilding(通常指在同一楼层的)公寓套房PhrasesandExpressions  1、onone"shandsandkneesonthefloor,withyourhandsandyourlowerlegsontheground趴在地上  2、younameitusedtosaytherearemanythingstochoosefrom凡你想得起的;不管什么  3、longfortowantsomethingverymuchespeciallyifitdoesnotseemlikelytohappensoon渴望  4、getalongtohaveafriendlyrelationship和睦相处,关系良好TextA Pre-readingquestions  1.Whatarethemostvaluablegiftsyouhaveeverreceived?  3.Whatsharedmemoriesdoyouhavewithyourbestfriends?  TheGreatestGift  WhenIwasachildIwasshockedattheideathatmysisterscouldbemybestfriends.Now,Iwouldn"thaveitanyotherway.  I"mfiveyearsold,andmymotherisonherhandsandknees,washingthekitchenfloor.I"mtellingheraboutanewgirlinschool,andshesuddenlylooksupatmeandsays,"Whoareyourtwobestfriends?"  I"mnotsurewhattosay.I"vebeenfriendswithJillsinceIwasthreeorso,andIreallylikeJaime,afriendinkindergarten.  "JillandJaime."  Mymotherstopsscrubbingthefloorandstartstotakeoffheryellowrubbergloves."Well,whataboutKarenandCindy?"  Mysisters?"Idon"tknowwhotheirbestfriendsare,"Isay.  "No,"shesays."I"msaying,whyaren"ttheyyourbestfriends?"  Sheseemsupset,asthoughIhavehurtherfeelings."Butthey"remysisters."  "Yes,buttheycanstillbeyourbestfriends.Friendsmaycomeandgo,butyoursisterswillalwaysbethereforyou."  Atthetime,theideaofmytwosistersbeingmyclosestfriendseemedstrangetome.Weusedtofightallthetimeovertoys,food,attention,whattowatchontelevision—younameit,webickeredaboutitatsomepoint.①Howcouldmysistersbemybestfriends?Weweren"tthesameage.Weallhadourownfriendsinschool.  Butmymotherneverletthethreeofusforgetit:sistersarelifelongfriends.Herwish—likemostparents"—wastogiveussomethingthatshehadneverhad.Growingupasanonlychild,shelongedforsiblings.Whenshegavebirthtothreedaughters—separatedbyonlyfouryears—thefulfillmentofherdreamhadonlyjustbegun.②Shehadgivenuseachagift—oursisters—andshewantedtomakesurewedidnottakethatgiftforgranted.Shewouldfrequentlytellushowluckywewere.Buttherewereother,moresubtlewaysthatsheencouragedustogrowcloser.Shenevershowedfavoritismtoonedaughterovertheother,soasnottocausejealousyorbitternessbetweenus.Sheconstantlytookusplacestogether—skating,shopping,swimming—sowedevelopedcommoninterests.Andwhenwewereteenagers,Momalwayspunishedusequally,givingusyetanotherbondingexperience.  Wedidn"talwaysgetalongbeautifullyandfoughtjustlikeanyothersiblings.ButsomewhereinbetweenMom"slectures,thefamilyvacationsandthesharedmemories,werealizedthatourmotherwasright.③TodayIsharethingswithmysistersthatIsharewithnooneelse.MysisterCindyandIrantheNewYorkCityMarathontogether,sidebyside,evenholdinghandswhenwecrossedthefinishingline.WhenmysisterKarengotmarried,Iwashermaidofhonor.CindyandItraveledthroughEuropetogetherandevensharedanapartmentfortwoyears.Thethreeofustrusteachotherwithourgreatestsecrets.  Itwastwenty-threeyearsagothatmymotherfirstaskedmewhomytwobestfriendswere.④Todayshedoesn"thaveto.Shealreadyknows.KeySentences  1.Weusedtofightallthetimeovertoys,food,attention,whattowatchontelevision—younameit,webickeredaboutitatsomepoint.  我们从小一直为了玩具、食物、大人的关注、看什么电视节目而争吵,凡是可以争可以吵的,都吵过了。  2.Whenshegavebirthtothreedaughters—separatedbyonlyfouryours—thefulfillmentofherdreamhadonlyjust begun.  母亲在四年内相继生了我们三姐妹,她的梦想也开始逐渐成为现实。  3.ButsomewhereinbetweenMom"slectures,thefamilyvacationsandthesharedmemories,werealizedthatourmotherwasright.  但是通过母亲的教诲、家庭度假还有共享的回忆,我们意识到母亲是正确的。  4.Itwastwenty-threeyearsagothatmymotherfirstaskedmewhomytwobestfriendswere.  自从母亲第一次问我谁是我的两个最好的朋友,已经过去23年了。Notes  1.Inthefirstpartofthisstory,presenttenseisusedtotellstoriesaboutpastevents.Thisphenomenoniscalledthehistoricalpresent.Linguistshavesometimessuggestedthatthismakesstoriesmorevividbybringingpastactionsintotheimmediatepresent.  2.TheNewYorkCityMarathonisamajorannualmarathon(26.2mile)thatcoursesthroughthefiveboroughsofNewYorkCity.Itisoneofthelargestmarathonsintheworld.TheraceisorganizedbyNewYorkRoadRunnersandhasbeenruneveryyearsince1970.  3.Themaidofhonoristhechiefunmarriedwomanattendantofabride,usuallyasisterorclosefriendofthebride.  Exercises  ⅠCheckingYourComprehension  Directions:Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionfromtheinformationgiveninthepassage.  1."Thegreatestgift"inthetitlerefersto______.  A)apresentgiventoeachsisterwhenshewasborn  B)thetalenteachsisterwasbornwith  C)thematernalloveeachsisterreceived  D)theintimaterelationshipbetweenthethreesisters  [答疑编号506494040301:针对该题提问] 【答案】D【解析】本题考查学生对文章题目的理解。通读全文可知,文章的标题即本文的主旨,再结合文章第十一段第五句,thegreatestgift即姐妹们之间的亲密关系。答案为D。  2.WhenIsaidmysistersweren"tmybestfriends,mymotherappearedtobe______.  A)embarrassed  B)unhappy  C)sympathetic  D)proud  [答疑编号506494040302:针对该题提问] 【答案】B【解析】文章第八段之前母女之间的谈话,表明作者的姐妹不是她的好朋友,第八段中母亲表明了她对此的态度是upset。Embarrassed尴尬的,sympathetic有同情心的,proud骄傲的,unhappy不高兴的。答案为B。  3.Ididnotregardmysistersasmybestfriendsbecause______.  A)weconstantlygotintofights  B)wehadtotallydifferentworldviews  C)wesharednohobbiesandinterests  D)welivedourlivesindifferentways   [答疑编号506494040303:针对该题提问] 【答案】A【解析】文章第十段第三句提出问题——作者为什么不能与姐妹们成为好朋友,前两句则对此进行回答,即他们姐妹们之间总是fightallthetime。答案为A。  4.Mymotherseldom______.  A)toldushowfortunatewewere  B)encouragedustogetcloser  C)favoredoneofusovertheothers  D)tookustodosportstogether  [答疑编号506494040304:针对该题提问] 【答案】C【解析】文章第十一段倒数第三句提到,shenevershowedfavoritismtoonedaughterovertheother,即她从不偏袒某个女儿。答案为C。  5.Assisters,wehave______.  A)attendedMom"slecturestogether  B)gotmarriedonthesameday  C)rentedanapartmentinNewYork  D)sharedourgreatestsecrets  [答疑编号506494040305:针对该题提问] 【答案】D【解析】作者在文章第十一段讲述了姐妹们之间亲密相处的情形,其中最后一句提到,Thethreeofustrusteachotherwithourgreatestsecrets,我们三个人之间彼此信任,拥有着属于我们之间的伟大秘密。答案为D。  ⅡBuildingYourVocabulary  SectionA  Directions:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectchoiceofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.  1.VisitingDisneylandhas______aboyhooddream.(fulfilled,fulfillment)  [答疑编号506494040306:针对该题提问] 【答案】fulfilled  访问迪斯尼乐园实现了童年时代的梦想。【解析】fulfillment,n.实现;fulfill,v.实现、履行(诺言)。注意本句的时态是现在完成时。答案为fulfilled。   2.Thebusesrunless______onSunday.(frequent,frequently)  [答疑编号506494040307:针对该题提问] 【答案】frequently  星期天公交车运行来车较少。(班次频度较低)【解析】缺少副词修饰run。frequent,adj.频繁的、时常的;frequently是它的副词形式。答案为frequently。  3.Physicalhealthisnotalwayseasily______frommentalhealth.(separate,separable)  [答疑编号506494040308:针对该题提问] 【答案】separable  身体健康与心理健康不可轻易分开。【解析】separate,adj.意为分离的,分开的;separable,adj.意为可分离的,可分开的。结合句意“体格健康和心理健康是不可轻易分开的。”可知,separable符合。答案为separable。  4.She"dsufferedterriblyovertheyearsbutithadn"tmadeher______.(bitter,bitterness)  [答疑编号506494040309:针对该题提问] 【答案】bitter  这些年她吃了很多苦,但是没有叫苦连天。【解析】makesb.+adj.句型,让某人……。bitter,adj.苦的、愤愤不平的;bitterness,n.愤愤不平。答案为bitter。  5.Thefridgekeepsfoodata______temperature.(constant,constantly)  [答疑编号506494040310:针对该题提问] 【答案】constant  冰箱恒温保鲜食品。【解析】名词temperature前缺少修饰它的形容词。constant,adj.一直的、始终的;constantly,adv.一直地。constanttemperature指恒定的温度。答案为constant。  6.Hehadalwaysbeenvery______ofhisbrother"sgoodlooks.(jealous,jealousy)  [答疑编号506494040311:针对该题提问] 【答案】jealous   他过去总是妒忌他兄弟的相貌。【解析】系表结构,缺少形容词。jealous,adj.忌妒的;jealous,n.妒忌、猜忌。hadbeenjealous是过去完成时。译文:他过去总忌妒他哥哥的长相。答案为jealous。  SectionB  Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.③teenagerkindergarten①upsetsiblings②scrubbed⑤favoritism④subtlelifelong  1.Shewasvery______tohearthattheholidayhadbeencancelled.  [答疑编号506494040312:针对该题提问] 【答案】upset  假期被取消了她很失望。【解析】译文:假期被取消的消息让她很失望。系表结构,缺少形容词。upset,adj.伤心的、失望的。答案为upset。  2.He______theoldsaucepanclean,anditlookedasgoodasnew.  [答疑编号506494040313:针对该题提问] 【答案】scrubbed  他用力擦洗旧的平底锅,看起来好像新的一样。【解析】译文:他把旧平底锅刷得干干净净,看上去像新的一样。缺少谓语动词,注意时态应保持一致,用一般过去时。scrub表示用力地刷洗、擦洗。答案为scrubbed。  3.Asa______heattendedTulseHillSeniorHighSchool.  [答疑编号506494040314:针对该题提问] 【答案】teenager  当他13-19岁时,在TulseHill高中学习。【解析】译文:在他青少年时期,他进入TulseHill高中学习。根据句意,填入表示“人”的名词。teenager,n.青少年。答案为teenager。  4.Itisa______argument,butveryconvincingwhenyouthinkaboutit.  [答疑编号506494040315:针对该题提问] 【答案】subtle  这是一个没有明显结论的争辩,但是当你细想起来又觉得很可信。【解析】译文:这是一个没有明显结论的争论,但是当你认真思考的时候,又会觉得它很可信。subtle意为敏感的、不易察觉的、不明显的,可在此修饰中心词arguement。答案为subtle。  5.Their______towardstheirfirstsonhurttheotherchildren.   [答疑编号506494040316:针对该题提问] 【答案】favoritism  他们对大儿子的偏爱伤害了其他子女。【解析】译文:他们对第一个儿子的偏爱伤害了其他的孩子。本空应填入名词作为中心词。favoritism意为偏爱、偏袒,符合题意。答案为favoritism。  6.Ihavefour______:threebrothersandasister.  [答疑编号506494040317:针对该题提问] 【答案】siblings  我有四个兄弟姐妹:三个兄弟、一个姐妹。【解析】译文:我有四个兄弟姐妹——三个哥哥、一个姐姐。本题缺少宾语,sibiling意为兄弟、姐妹,此处应使用复数形式。答案为sibilings。  SectionC  Directions:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswithasuitableword.  1.Theyweredeeplyshocked____herbehaviour.  [答疑编号506494040318:针对该题提问] 【答案】at  他们对她的行为感到震惊。【解析】译文:他们对她的行为感到很震惊。beshockedat对……感到震惊,是固定搭配。答案为at。  2.Charliewastaking____hisshirtwhenthephonerang.  [答疑编号506494040319:针对该题提问] 【答案】off  电话铃响的时候,Charlie正在脱他的衬衫。【解析】译文:当电话铃声响的时候,Charlie正在脱衬衫。takeoff是固定搭配,意为“脱掉”。答案为off。  3.Thebirdsinthegardenarefighting____apieceofbread.  [答疑编号506494040320:针对该题提问]  【答案】over  公园里的小鸟们正在争抢一片面包。【解析】译文:公园里的小鸟正在争夺一片面包。fightover争夺、争吵,是固定搭配。fight  for为……而战(竞争),一般用于比较正式的语境。例如为民族、国家而战等。本题的宾语  为apieceofbread(一少块面包),用over比较合适。答案为over。  4.Thechildrenarealwaysbickering____somethingorother.  [答疑编号506494040321:针对该题提问] 【答案】about  孩子们总是在为这样或者那样的事争吵。【解析】译文:孩子们有事没事总是在争吵。bickerabout为……争吵,是固定搭配。答案为about。  5.Hewasaccusedof____favoritismtoparticularstudents.  [答疑编号506494040322:针对该题提问] 【答案】showing  他因偏爱特殊的学生被投诉了。【解析】译文:他被投诉,说他偏爱某些特殊学生。showfavoritismtosomebody偏爱、偏宠某人,是固定搭配。答案为showing。  6.Whenyou____thefinishingline,nomatterhowsloworfastyouare,itwillchangeyourlifeforever.  [答疑编号506494040323:针对该题提问] 【答案】cross  当你跨过终点线时,无论你是多么快或多么慢,都将永远改变你的一生。【解析】译文:当你越过终点线的时候,无论你是快还是慢,都将永远地改变你的人生。空格中的词在句子中作谓语,因此应该填入动词形式,crossthefinishingline越过终点线,符合题意。结合句意,此处应使用一般过去式。答案为cross。  ⅢBridgingtheGap  Directions:Fillintheblankswithawordoraphrasethatbestcompletesthepassage.Youmaychooseasuitableonefromthelistgiven.③fetch①horror⑦safety⑩alive⑨with  ⑥reached④hardly⑤care⑧seriously②gunfire  IntheFirstWorldWar,anEnglishsoldierwatchedin①ashislifelongfriendfellunder②.Aftertheattackhadfailedandeveryonehadretreated,thesoldierwenttoaskpermissionfromthelieutenant(中尉)togoand③hisfriendfromtheno-man"s-land.  [答疑编号506494040324:针对该题提问]  【答案】①horror②gunfire③fetch【解析】①inhorror惊恐地,是介词短语,在句中修饰动词watch,同时根据空格后面句意,一生的好友死于炮火应该是恐惧的事情。答案为horror。  ②fallunder遭到……,后面接不好的事或物,根据前面的关键词war可知,gunfire(炮火)符合题意。答案为gunfire。  ③前文提到soldier看到他的战友遭到炮轰倒下,因此撤退后他请示长官去寻找战友。and连接go及空格两个并列的动词,因此空格中应该填入一个动词的原形。答案为fetch。  Thelieutenantgavepermission,butadded,"It"s④worthit.Yourfriendisprobablydeadandyoumaydietoo."  [答疑编号506494040325:针对该题提问] 【答案】④hardly【解析】④根据空格后面中尉的话,即soldier的朋友可能已经栖牲,而且soldier也可能会牺牲,由此可知中尉的意思是不值得为了死人冒险,hardly几乎不,符合题意。答案为hardly。  Thesoldierdidnot⑤aboutthedangerandmiraculously(奇迹般地)he⑥hisfriend,liftedhimonhisshouldersandstumbledback.Hewaswoundedintheprocess.  [答疑编号506494040326:针对该题提问] 【答案】⑤care⑥reached【解析】⑤由空格后面可知,soldier不顾危险找到了战友,notcareabout不在意、不关心,是固定搭配。答案为care。  ⑥通过空格后面的关健词lift以及stumbleback可知,soldier找到了战友,即到达了战友的身边,reach到达,符合题意。答案为reached。  Thelieutenanthelpedhimto⑦andnoticedthesoldier"sfriendwasdead.  [答疑编号506494040327:针对该题提问] 【答案】⑦safety【解析】⑦根据前面中尉的help以及后面的notice可知,中尉帮助soldier到达安全的地方后,然后注意到soldier的战友已经死了。safety此处意为安全的地方。答案为safety。  "I"msorryforyourfriend—butItoldyouitwasn"tworthit.Yourfriendisdeadandnowyouarealso⑧wounded."  "Ihavetodisagree⑨you.Itwasworthit",thesoldieranswered.  "Whateverdoyoumean?"thelieutenantasked.  "Itwasworthit",thesoldierrepeated."WhenIgottomyfriend,hewasstill⑩andsaid "Jim,Iknewyouwouldneverleaveme.""  [答疑编号506494040328:针对该题提问] 【答案】⑧seriously⑨with⑩alive【解析】⑧空格中的词修饰后面的动词wounded(受伤),因此应该填入一个形容伤势的程度副词。seriously严重地,符合题意。答案为seriously。  ⑨根据空格后面soldier的回答——itwasworthit可知,soldier不同意中尉的观点,且disagreewith不同意某人,是固定搭配。答案为with。  ⑩由空格后面的said可知,soldier的战友在他到达时是活着的,且空格中的词在句中作表语成分。alive活着的,符合题意。答案为alive。  【译文】在第一次世界大战时,有一个英国士兵惊恐地看到他一生的好友倒在炮火中。在攻击失利大家都撤退后,这个士兵请示他的长官(中尉)要去无人地带找回他的好友。  中尉允许他去,但加上一句:“你几乎不值得这样做,你的朋友大概已经死了而且你去了可能也会死。”  这个士兵不顾危险奇迹般地找到了他的战友,并把他扛在自己肩上跌跌撞撞地返了回来。在此过程中他受了伤。  中尉帮他到达安全地带,并且注意到这个士兵的战友已经死了。  “我对你朋友的死表示遗憾——但是我告诉过你这不值得。你的朋友死了,现在你也受了重伤。”  “我不同意您的说法,这样做是值得的。”士兵回答道。  “你到底什么意思?”这个中尉问道。  “这样做是值得的,”士兵重复说道。“当我找到他的时候,他还活着并且对我说:‘Jim,我知道你绝不会丢下我不管的。’”  ⅣTranslation  SectionA  Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsorphrasesinthebrackets.  1.Inoticed______(他的态度发生了微妙的变化).(subtle)  [答疑编号506494040329:针对该题提问] 【答案】thesubtlechangeinhisattitude  我注意到他的态度发生了微妙的变化。【解析】“态度”可用attitude表示。微妙的变化即subtlechange。答案为thesubtlechangeinhisattitude。  2.Theypaycut______(令员工十分愤懑).(bitterness)  [答疑编号506494040330:针对该题提问] 【答案】causedgreatbitternessamongthestaff  他们消减工资令员工十分愤懑。【解析】空格前面为因,后面为果,因此应该用导致意思的短语,cause导致,pay cut工资消减。答案为causedgreatbitternessamongthestaff。  3.Shewas______(趴在地板上到处寻找耳环).(onone"shandsandknees)  [答疑编号506494040331:针对该题提问] 【答案】lookingforherearringsonherhandsandknees  她趴在地板上到处寻找耳环。【解析】onone"shandsandknees趴在地上,lookfor寻找,且根据前面的was可知,应该用过去进行时。答案为lookingforherearningsonherhandsandknees。  4.They__________(渴望有机会访问上海).(longfor)  [答疑编号506494040332:针对该题提问] 【答案】longforanopportunitytovisitShanghai  他们渴望有机会访问上海。【解析】longfor后接somebody/something或者longforsomebodytodo。答案为longforanopportunitytovisitShanghai。  5.Althoughatonepointtheirvoiceswereraised,theyseemedtobe_________(相处融洽).(getalong)  [答疑编号506494040333:针对该题提问] 【答案】gettingalongwellwitheachother  他们虽然在一点上提高了嗓音,但是看起来他们相互之间相处得还算融洽。【解析】getalongwith与……相处融洽,是固定搭配。根据空格前面的be可知,get应该转化为现在进行时形式getting。答案为gettingalongwellwitheachother。  SectionB  Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.  Friendshipsareanimportantpartofaman"slife.Friendsarethoseyoucancountonwhenthechipsaredown.They"llbackyouupevenwhenthewholeworldisagainstyou.Friendsarethosewhowillbuyyouabeerorasodawhenyouloseajoboryourgirlfrienddumpsyou.Whilemalefriendshiplookslikeasimplerelationship,itshistoryisactuallyquiteinterestingandcomplex.Thevirtuesofdutyandloyaltyhaveremainedthesameguidingprinciplesinmalefriendshipsthroughouttime.  [答疑编号506494040334:针对该题提问]  【参考译文】友谊是一个人一生中最重要的一部分。朋友是你在紧要关头可以依靠的人。甚至全世界都与你为敌时,朋友会在你背后支持你。朋友是当你失业了或者遭到女友抛弃时,能给你买杯啤酒或苏打水的人。尽管男性朋友之间的友谊看起来好像是简单的关系,实际上它的历史却相当有趣和复杂。忠诚和负责的高尚美德在整个交往时期,仍然是男性友谊的经久不变的指导准则。  ⅤOrganizingYourIdeas  Directions:Putthefollowingsentencesintheproperordersothattheymakeacompleteparagraph.  1.Weneedtobeabletoshareourdeepestsecretswithsomeone,withoutworryingthatthosesecretswillendupontheInternetthenextday!  2.Faithfulnessandloyaltyarekeystotruefriendship.  3.Withoutthem,weoftenfeelbetrayed,leftout,andlonely.  4.Weallneedsomeonewithwhomwecanshareourlives,thoughts,feelings,andfrustrations.  5.Trustisessentialtotruefriendship.  6.Intruefriendship,thereisnobackbiting,nonegativethoughts,noturningaway.  7.Failingtobetrustworthywiththoseintimatesecretscandestroyafriendshipinahurry.  [答疑编号506494040335:针对该题提问] 【答案】排列句子顺序:5—4—1—7—2—3—6【解析】首先通读本篇小短文,掌握短文答疑即信任对真正友谊的重要性。然后根据关键词trust,faithfulness等可叙述顺序可以确定顺序。  Ⅵ.ReflectingontheText  Asthesayinggoes,"Two"scompany,three"sacrowd."Whenwemakenewfriends,ourbestfriendmayfeelunhappy.Willyoustickwithyouroldfriendandgiveupmakingnewfriendsorwillyoudesertyouroldstubbornfriendandfindothergenerousfriends?Makeyourchoiceandstateyourreasons.  [答疑编号506494040336:针对该题提问] 【参考译文】俗话说:“两人成伴,三人不欢。”当我们结交新朋友时,老朋友会觉得不高兴。你是力求保住老朋友放弃结交新朋友,还是抛弃顽固的老朋友并找到其他慷慨大方的朋友?做出选择并说明原因。  【写作思路】题目中给出了两种写作方向,学生可以从中择一或者综合二者的观点,下面列出简要的写作提纲。  1.列出自己的观点:要保持与旧朋友的关系,同时结交新的朋友。  2.当问题出现时,自己如何处理。  (1)不能因为有了新朋友就不再顾忌旧朋友(neverforgetyouroldfriends,keepintouchwiththem)。  (2)要与新朋友友好相处,增进友谊(getalongwellwithnewfriends,strengthenyourfriendship)。  (3)可以让新旧朋友也彼此相识成为朋友(letoldandnewfriendsbecomefriends)。  3.扩大自己的朋友圈子,丰富生活,相互帮助。TextBNewWords  1、claimv.tosaythatsomethingistruealthoughithasnotbeenprovedandotherpeoplemaynotbelieveit 宣称;声称;断言  2、interruptv.tosayordosomethingthatmakessomebodystopwhattheyaresayingordoing插嘴;打扰;打岔  3、serenityn.afeelingofbeingcalmorpeaceful平静;宁静;安详  4、chucklen.tolaughquietly低声轻笑;轻声地笑  5、gaietyn.thestateofbeingcheerfulandfulloffun快乐;愉快;高兴  6、scarceadj.ifsomethingisscarce,thereisnotenoughofitanditisonlyavailableinsmallquantities缺乏的;不足的;稀少的  7、preciousadj.valuableorimportantandnottobewasted宝贵的;珍贵的  8、vitaminn.anaturalsubstancefoundinfoodthatisanessentialpartofwhathumansandanimalseattohelpthemgrowandstayhealthy维生素  9、pumpkinn.alargeroundvegetablewiththickorangeskin南瓜  10、mangon.atropicalfruitwithsmoothyelloworredskin,softorangefleshandalargeseedinside芒果  11、papayan.tropicalfruitwithyellowandgreenskin,sweetorangeorredfleshandroundblackseeds番木瓜;(俗称)木瓜  12、strikingadj.interestingandunusualenoughtoattractattention引人注目的;异乎寻常的;显著的  13、standv.usedespeciallyinnegativesentencesandquestionstoemphasizethatyoudonotlikesomebody/something(尤用于否定句和疑问句,强调不喜欢)容忍,忍受  14、causen.anorganizationorideathatpeoplesupportorfightfor(支持或为之奋斗的)事业,目标,思想  15、passionn.averystrongfeelingoflove,hatred,anger,enthusiasm,etc.强烈的情感;激情  16、poinsettian.atropicalplantwithlargeredorpinkleavesthatgrowtolooklikeflowers,oftengrownindoorsinpots一品红;猩猩木  17、poppyn.awildorgardenplant,withalargedelicateflowerthatisusuallyred,andsmallblackseeds罂粟  18、chiefn.aleaderorrulerofapeopleorcommunity首领;酋长;族长  19、bishopn.aseniorpriestinchargeoftheworkoftheChurchinacityordistrict主教  20、authorityn.thepowertoinfluencepeoplebecausetheyrespectyourknowledgeorofficialposition权威;威信;影响力  21、indigon.verydarkblueincolour靛蓝;靛青  22、determinationn.thequalitythatmakesyoucontinuetryingtodosomethingevenwhenthisisdifficult决心;果断;坚定  23、superficialadj.notconcernedwithanythingseriousorimportantandlackinganydepthofunderstandingorfeeling浅薄的;肤浅的  24、representv.tobeasymbolofsomething作为……的象征;象征;代表  25、reflectionn.carefulthoughtaboutsomething,sometimesoveralongperiodoftime沉思;深思;审慎的思考  26、twilightn.thefaintlightortheperiodoftimeattheendofthedayafterthesunhasgonedown暮色;薄暮;黄昏  27、boastv.totalkwithtoomuchprideaboutsomethingthatyouhaveorcando自夸;自吹自擂  28、convincedadj.(~ofsth./that…)completelysureaboutsomething坚信;深信;确信  29、superiorityn.thestateorqualityofbeingbetter,moreskilful,morepowerful,greater,etc.thanothers优越(性);优势  30、startlingadj.extremelyunusualandsurprising惊人的;让人震惊的  31、flashn.asuddenbrightlightthatshinesforamomentandthendisappears闪光  32、rollv.tomakealongcontinuoussound发出持续的声音  33、boomv.tomakealouddeepsound轰鸣;轰响  34、relentlesslyadv.inawaythatisnotstoppingorgettinglessstrong不停地;持续强烈地;不减弱地  35、crouchv.toputyourbodyclosetothegroundbybendingyourlegsunderyou 蹲;蹲下;蹲伏  36、comfortn.afeelingofnotsufferingorworryingsomuch;afeelingofbeinglessunhappy安慰;慰藉;宽慰  37、clamorn.(AmE)aloudnoiseespeciallyonethatismadebyalotofpeopleoranimals喧闹声;嘈杂声;吵闹  38、dominatev.tocontrolorhavealotofinfluenceoversomebody/something,especiallyinanunpleasantway支配;控制;左右;影响  39、uniqueadj.beingtheonlyoneofitskind唯一的;独一无二的  40、stretchv.toputyourarmsorlegsoutstraightandcontractyourmuscles伸展;舒展  41、remindern.somethingthatmakesyouthinkaboutorremembersomebody/something,thatyouhaveforgottenorwouldliketoforget引起回忆的事物;提醒人的事物  42、appreciatev.torecognizethegoodqualitiesofsomebody/something欣赏;赏识;重视  PhrasesandExpressions  1、blowyourowntrumpettopraiseyourownabilitiesandachievements自吹自擂  2、bewillingtotobereadytodosomethingorhavenoreasonfornotdoingsomething愿意;乐意  3、inthemidstofwhilesomethingishappeningorbeingdone;whileyouaredoingsomething当某事发生时;在某人做某事时TextBPre-readingQuestions  1.Haveyoueverquarreledwithafriend?Howdidyouendup?  2.Whatexcellentqualitiesdoyoutakepridein?TheColorsofFriendship  Onceuponatimethecolorsoftheworldstartedtoquarrel.Eachclaimedthatitwasthebest,themostimportant,themostuseful,andthemostbeautiful.  Greensaid:"ClearlyIamthemostimportant.Iamthesignoflifeandofhope.Iwaschosenforgrass,treesandleaves.Withoutme,allanimalswoulddie.LookoverthecountrysideandyouwillseethatI"minthemajority."  Blueinterrupted:"Youonlythinkabouttheearth,butconsidertheskyandthesea.It"swaterthatisthebasisoflifeanddrawnupbythecloudsfromthedeepsea.①Theskygivesspaceandpeaceandserenity.Withoutme,youwouldallbenothing."  Yellowchuckled:"Youareallsoserious.Ibringlaughter,gaietyandwarmthintotheworld.Thesunisyellow,themoonisyellow,andthestarsareyellow.Everytimeyoulookatasunflower,thewholeworldstartstosmile.Withoutme,therewouldbenofun."  Next,orangestartedtoblowhertrumpet:"Iamthecolorofhealthandstrength.Imaybescarce,butIampreciousbecauseIservetheneedsofhumanlife.Icarrythemostimportantvitamins.Thinkofcarrots,pumpkins,oranges,mangoesandpapayas.Idon"thangaroundallthetimebut,whenIfilltheskyatsunriseorsunset,mybeautyissostrikingthatnoonegivesanotherthoughttoanyofyou."②  Redcouldstanditnolonger,soheshoutedout:"Iamtherulerofallofyou.Iamblood—life"sblood!IamthecolorofdangerandofbraveryIamwillingtofightforanoblecause.Ibringfireintotheblood.Withoutme,theearth,wouldbeasemptyasthemoon.Iamthecolorofpassionandoflove,theredrose,thepoinsettiaandthepoppy."  Purpledrewhimselfuptohisfullheight.Hewasverytallandspokewithgreatpride:"Iamthecolorofroyaltyandpower.Kings,chiefsandbishopshavealwayschosenmeforIamthesignofauthorityandwisdom.Peopledonotquestionme!Theylistenandobey."  FinallyIndigospoke,muchmorequietlythanalltheothers,butwithjustasmuchdetermination:"Thinkofme.Iamthecolorofsilence.Youhardlynoticeme,butwithoutmeyouwouldallbecomesuperficial.Irepresentthoughtandreflection,twilight,anddeepwater.Youneedmeforbalanceandcontrast,forprayerandinnerpeace."  Andsothecolorswentonboasting,eachconvincedofhisorherownsuperiority.③Their quarrelingbecamelouderandlouder.Suddenlytherewasastartlingflashofbrightlightningandthunderrolledandboomed.Rainstartedtopourdownrelentlessly.Thecolorscroucheddowninfear,drawingclosetooneanotherforcomfort.④  Inthemidstoftheclamor,rainbegantospeak:"Youfoolishcolors,fightingamongstyourselves,eachtryingtodominatetheothers.Don"tyouknowthatyouwereeachmadeforaspecialpurpose,uniqueanddifferent?Joinhandswithoneanotherandcometome."  Doingastheyweretold,thecolorsunitedandjoinedhands.  Theraincontinued:"Fromnowon,whenitrains,eachofyouwillstretchacrosstheskyinagreatbowofcolorasareminderthatyoucanallliveinpeace.Therainbowisasignofhopefortomorrow."  Andso,wheneverthesunshinesafteraheavyshowerofrainwashestheworld,andarainbowappearsinthesky,letusremembertoappreciateoneanother.KeySentences  1.It"swaterthatisthebasisoflifeanddrawnupbythecloudsfromthedeepsea.  水是生命之源,云彩把水分从深邃的大海带到了天空。  2.Idon"thangaroundallthetimebut,whenIfilltheskyatsunriseorsunset,mybeautyissostrikingthatnoonegivesanotherthoughttoanyofyou.  我并不经常出没在天空,但日出或日落我在天际登场时,我的美丽足以惊世,没有人还会想起你们。  3.Andsothecolorswentonboasting,eachconvincedofhisorherownsuperiority.这些色彩继续吹嘘,每个都认为自己才是最优秀的。  4.Thecolorscroucheddowninfear,drawingclosetooneanotherforcomfort.所有色彩被吓得蜷缩成一团,挤在一起互相慰藉。Notes  1.Vitaminsarecompoundsthatareessentialinsmallamountsforproperbodyfunctionandgrowth.Vitaminsareeitherfat-soluble(A,D,EandK)orwater-soluble(Band  C).  2.PoinsettiaisnativetoMexicoandCentralAmericaandgrowsinmoist,wet,woodedgorgesandonrockyhillsides.PoinsettiasareverypopularinBritainandtheUnitedStates,especiallyatChristmas.  Exercises  Ⅰ.CheckingYourComprehension  SectionA  Directions:ReadthefollowingstatementsandmarkY(forYes)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthetext;N(forNo)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthetext;NG(forNotGiven)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthetext.  ( )1.Thecolorscompetedforsuperiorityovereachother.  颜色们为了角逐优势性而互相竞争。  [答疑编号506494040601:针对该题提问] 【答案】Y【解析】文章第一段提到,colors之间的quarrel是争论谁是themostbest/important/useful/beautiful等,即superiorityovereachother。本题说法正确。答案为Y。  ( )2.Blueconsidereditselfthecolorofseaandclouds.  蓝色认为自己是大海和云彩的颜色。  [答疑编号506494040602:针对该题提问]  【答案】N【解析】文章第三段提到,blueconsidereditselfthecolorofseaandsky,notclouds。本题说法错误。答案为N。  ( )3.Orangecanbefoundincarrot,pumpkins,mangoesandsunflowers.  橙色可以出现在胡萝卜、南瓜、芒果和向日葵中。  [答疑编号506494040603:针对该题提问] 【答案】N【解析】文章第四段提到,sunflowers不属于orange,向日葵是yellow黄色的,不是orange。  本题说法错误。答案为N。  ( )4.Kings,chiefsandbishopsoftenwearpurpleclothesbecausepeopleareafraidofthatcolor.  国王、首领、主教们经常穿紫色衣服,因为人们惧怕那种颜色。  [答疑编号506494040604:针对该题提问] 【答案】N【解析】文章第七段第三句提到,不是因为害怕紫色,而是因为紫色是权威和智慧的象征。本题说法错误。答案为N。  ( )5.Itwasrainthatstoppedthequarrelingofthecolorsandunitedthemasone.  正是雨制止了颜色们的争吵,让它们团结如一。  [答疑编号506494040605:针对该题提问] 【答案】Y【解析】文章倒数第四段中讲述Train制止了colors的争吵,并告诉他们要joinhands,即团结起来。因此本题说法正确。答案为Y。  ( )6.Afterthatrain,allthecolorsmixedandbecamethecolorwhite.  大雨过后,所有的颜色混合到一起变成了白色。  [答疑编号506494040606:针对该题提问] 【答案】NG【解析】文章中说雨后各种颜色joinhands形成彩虹,未提及各种颜色混在一起变成白色。答案为NG。  Section B  Directions:Completethefollowingsentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthetext.  1.Greenisfoundoverthecountrysideinthe_________.  [答疑编号506494040607:针对该题提问] 【答案】majority【解析】文章第二段最后一句,LookoverthecountrysideandyouwillseethatIaminthemajority,即绿色主要在分布在田野间。答案为majority。  2.Yellowbringslaughter,______andwarmthintotheworld.  [答疑编号506494040608:针对该题提问] 【答案】gaiety【解析】文章第四段提到,yellowbringslaughter,gaietyandwarmthintotheworld,即黄色给这个世界带来了笑声、欢乐和温暖。答案为gaiety。  3.Itisextremelywonderfulwhentheskyisfilledwithorangeat________.  [答疑编号506494040609:针对该题提问] 【答案】sunriseorsunset【解析】文章第五段最后一句,whenIfilltheskyatsunriseorsunset,mybeautyissostriking,即橙色自述当日出或日落时,它的美丽足以惊世。答案为sunriseorsunset。  4.Redrepresentsdanger,bravery,______andlove.  [答疑编号506494040610:针对该题提问] 【答案】passion【解析】文章第六段第三句提到,redisthecolorofdangerandofbravery,倒数第一句提到,redisthecolorofpassion。答案为passion。  5.Purplesignifiesroyalty,power,________andwisdom.  [答疑编号506494040611:针对该题提问] 【答案】authority【解析】我们可以从文章第七段得出答案,即thecolorofroyaltyandpower,thesignofauthority,即象征着王权和力量,权威和智慧。答案为authority。  6.Therainbowservesasasymboltoremindthemto________.   [答疑编号506494040612:针对该题提问] 【答案】liveinpeace【解析】文章倒数第二段提到,asareminderthatcanallliveinpeace,即rainbow是提醒各种颜色能够和平相处。答案为liveinpeace。  ⅡBuildingYourVocabulary  SectionA  Directions:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectchoiceofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.  1.Let"sgosomewherewherewecantalkwithout_________.(interrupt;interruption)  [答疑编号506494040613:针对该题提问] 【答案】interruption  让我们到一个可以谈话不被人打断的地方去吧。【解析】译文:让我们去个可以连续说话,不被打断的地方。without后可以接动名词或者名词,without接动名词表示主动形式与主语不统一,因此空格处应该填入名词interruption中断。答案为interruption。  2.Shelookedascalmand_________asshealwaysdid.(serene,serenity)  [答疑编号506494040614:针对该题提问] 【答案】serene  她看起来像以往一样平静和安详。【解析】译文:她看上去和以往一样平静安详。and连接两个并列成分。形容词calm提示我们应填入一个形容词。serene,adj.宁静的;serehity,n.宁静、安详。答案为serene。  3.TheItaliansaresaidtobethemost_________peopleinEurope.(passion,passionate)  [答疑编号506494040615:针对该题提问] 【答案】passionate  据说意大利人是欧洲最富有激情的人。【解析】译文:意大利人据说是欧洲最充满激情的民族。形容词的最高级themost修饰空格中的词,因此空格中应该填入形容词passionate激情的。答案为passionate。  4.Yourhealthis_________inpartbywhatyoueat.(determined,determination)  [答疑编号506494040616:针对该题提问]  【答案】determined  你的健康部分取决于你吃的食物。【解析】译文:你的健康部分取决于你吃了什么。本题考查被动语态的结构。如果句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者,主、谓之间的关系称为被动语态,谓语部分的结构是be+过去分词。答案为determined。  5.Themanagerdemandedtimeto_________onwhattodo.(reflect,reflection)  [答疑编号506494040617:针对该题提问] 【答案】reflect  经理要求给时间思考一下该怎么去做。【解析】译文:经理要求给他一些时间好好想一想(怎么办)。本题考查demand后接动词不定式的用法。demand后接动词不定式时,主语通常是人而不是物,因此空格中应该填入动词原形reflect。答案为reflect。  6.Forallbabies,breastfeedingisfar_________tobottle-feeding.(superior,superiority)  [答疑编号506494040618:针对该题提问] 【答案】superior  对于所有婴儿,母乳喂养比人工喂养好得多。【解析】译文:对所有的婴儿来说,母乳喂养远胜于牛奶喂养。besuperiorto意为优越于,是固定搭配。答案为superior。  注:  来自拉丁语的一些形容词,本身就是比较级,在句中要改than为to。这些词是:  anterior(前面的),posterior(以后的、其次的),prior(居先的)  inferior(下等的,低级的),superior(上等的,优良的)  junior(年少的),senior(年长的)  例如:  Heisseniortome.  (Heisolderthanme.)  他比我年长。  SectionsB  Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.⑤reflection④claimed③striking dominatesuperficial ⑥cause ②precious ①scarce  1.Freshwaterandmedicinewere_________inthefloodedregion.  [答疑编号506494040619:针对该题提问] 【答案】scarce  在发洪水地区,饮用水和药品短缺。【解析】译文:洪水泛滥的地区,饮用水和药品短缺。根据后面的flooded可知,fresh water和medicine是短缺的,且空格中词在句子中作表语,因此空格中应该填入一个表示缺乏意思的形容词。答案为scarce。  2.Herfamily"ssupportisparticularly_________toJosie.  [答疑编号506494040620:针对该题提问] 【答案】precious  她的家庭支持对Josie特别珍贵。【解析】译文:家庭的支持对Josie来说非常珍贵。bepreciousto意为对……很珍贵,是固定搭配。答案为precious。  3.Thisisa_________exampleofhowmisleadingstatisticscanbe.  [答疑编号506494040621:针对该题提问] 【答案】striking  这是一个引人注目的例子:统计资料可以如何误导我们。【解析】译文:这是一个统计可以如何误导的引人注目的例子。空格中的词修饰名词example,与前面的a构成名词短语在句中作表语,因此应该填入形容词形式。结合句意,空格处应选striking。答案为striking。  4.Allpartieshave_________dominatesuccessinyesterday"selections.  [答疑编号506494040622:针对该题提问] 【答案】claimed  在昨天选举中,所以政党都宣称自己成功了。【解析】译文:在昨天的选举中,所有的政党都宣称自己获胜。本句谓语部分不全,现在完成时have后缺少动词。claim,v.宣称、断言。答案为claimed。  5.Afterdaysof_________,shedecidedtowriteback.  [答疑编号506494040623:针对该题提问] 【答案】reflection  经过几天思考后,她决定写回信。【解析】译文:经过几天的认真思考,她决定回信。writeback回信,根据后面的关键词decide可知,前面的几天是在reflection(思考)以便做出决定,且空格中应该填入名词形式。答案为reflection。  6.Campaignershopethatpeoplewillbesympathetictotheir_________.  [答疑编号506494040624:针对该题提问]  【答案】cause  竞选者希望人们会赞同他们的事业。【解析】译文:竞选者希望人们能够赞同他们的事业。形容词性物主代词their修饰空格中的词,因此空格中应该填入名词形式,同时根据关键词campaigners以及sympathetic可知,cause(事业)符合题意。答案为cause。  SectionC  Directions:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswithasuitableword.  1.Anewhospitalhasjustbeenestablishedto_____theneedsofthelocalcommunity.  [答疑编号506494040625:针对该题提问] 【答案】meet  刚刚建立一个新医院以满足本地社区的需求。【解析】译文:刚刚新建了一所医院来满足本地社区的就医需求。meettheneedsof满足……的需要。答案为meet。  2.Anyonewilltellyoushe"soneofthebestjournalistswe"vegot,althoughshewouldnever______herowntrumpet.  [答疑编号506494040626:针对该题提问] 【答案】blow  虽然她从不自吹自擂,但任何人都会告诉你她是我们最好的记者之一。【解析】译文:虽然她从不自吹自擂,但是任何人都会告诉你她是我们中最好的记者之一。blowone"sowntrumpet自吹自擂,是固定短语搭配。答案为blow。  3.Wereallycan"tgo______livinglikethis—we"llhavetofindabiggerhouse.  [答疑编号506494040627:针对该题提问] 【答案】on  我们真的不能继续这样生活了。——我们必须找一个较大的房子。【解析】译文:我们确实不能继续这样生活下去,我们需要找一个大一点的房子。goon  ingsomething继续做一直在做的事情,是固定搭配。答案为on。  4.Hegotsickofhanging_____waitingforme.  [答疑编号506494040628:针对该题提问] 【答案】around  他等我等得很厌烦。【解析】译文:他等我都等烦了。hangingarounddoingsomething闲晃,是固定搭配。  厌烦的。答案为around。   5.Shedoesn"t_______anythoughttoherappearance.  [答疑编号506494040629:针对该题提问] 【答案】give  她一点也不考虑自己的外貌。【解析】译文:她完全不考虑自己的形象。givethoughtto是固定搭配,意为认真思考,考虑。答案为give。  6.Thedancers_________handsandformedacirclethatmovedtotheleft.  [答疑编号506494040630:针对该题提问] 【答案】held  跳舞的人们手拉着手形成一个圆圈向左边移动。【解析】译文:舞者们互相拉着手,围成一个向左移动的圆圈。holdhandswitheachother互相拉着手,是固定搭配。根据后面的moved可知,空格中的词应为一般过去时态held。答案为held。  ⅢTranslation  SectionA  Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsorphrasesinthebrackets.  1.Eachcoloronthechart_________(代表一个不同的部门).(represent)  [答疑编号506494040631:针对该题提问] 【答案】representsadepartment  在图表上的每种颜色代表一个不同的部门。【解析】represent代表,主语eachcolor是第三人称单数,因此应该转化为represents,department部门。答案为representsadepartment。  2.I_________(坚信她是清白无辜的).(convincedof)  [答疑编号506494040632:针对该题提问] 【答案】  我坚信她是清白无辜的。【解析】convinceof相信、使确信,是动词固定搭配,后面接名词形式。innocence清白的。答案为wasconvincedofherinnocence。  3.Histalents_________(在那家公司未受到充分赏识).(appreciate)  [答疑编号506494040633:针对该题提问]  【答案】arenotfullyappreciatedinthatcompany  他的才能在那家公司未受到充分赏识。【解析】本题考查被动语态的结构。句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者,主、谓之间的关系称为被动语态,谓语部分的结构是be+过去分词。by连接主动句的主语,appreciate赏识的。答案为arenotfullyappreciatedinthatcompany。  4.Theykeepalistofpeople_________(愿意夜间工作).(bewillingto)  [答疑编号506494040634:针对该题提问] 【答案】whoarewillingtoworkatnight  他们保留一个愿意夜间工作的人员名单。【解析】空格中的成分在句中是定语从句,修饰,先行词people。bewillingto乐于、愿意做某事,是固定搭配,不等于will,而等于wouldloveto。答案为whoarewillingtoworkatnight。  5.Shediscoveredit_________(在整理父亲的东西时).(inthemidstof)  [答疑编号506494040635:针对该题提问] 【答案】inthemidstofarrangingherfather"sstuff  在整理父亲的东西时,她发现了它。【解析】inthemidstof表示在……之中、在……的中途,是固定介词短,后面接名词或者动名词形式。arrange可表示整理东西。答案为inthemidstofarrangingherfather"sstuff。  SectionB  Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.  Theconceptof"friendship"isinterpretedinacompletelydifferentwaybymenandwomen.Femalefriendshiplargelyimpliesarelationshipbasedontrust.Itisanopensecretthatwomenareinclinedtopourtheirheartsouttoeachother.Theyenjoygivingadviceanddiscussingawidevarietyofsubjectsatlength.Bycontrast,malefriendshipisbasedondeeds.Menhatebeingconsideredweakorindecisive.Menwouldratherdosomethingthantalkaboutit.Howoftenhaveyouseenamanspeakingtohisfriendforhours?Orhowmanymendoyouknowwhospendtimediscussingthedetailsoftheirupcomingfishingtrip?  [答疑编号506494040636:针对该题提问] 【参考译文】“友谊”这个概念男人和女人有完全不同的解释方式。女性朋友的友谊很大程度上意味着基于信任的一种关系。女性朋友倾向于互相诉说心里话,这是一个公开的秘密。她们喜欢给予建议并详尽地讨论各种各样的话题。与之相比,男性朋友的友谊基于行为。男性讨厌被认为软弱或优柔寡断。他们更愿意去做某件事而不是谈论它。你曾经看到过男人跟他们的朋友谈话谈上几个小时吗?或者你认识的男人中有几个花时间讨论他们即将要去的钓鱼之旅的细节呢?   ⅣWriting  SectionA  Directions:Thefollowingsentencesaregrammaticallyincorrectorincoherent.Improvethem.  Example:Changingtheoilevery3,000miles,ourcarwaskeptinexcellentcondition.  Revision:Changingtheoilevery3,000miles,wekeptthecarinexcellentcondition.  1.Spendingfartoomuchmoneyonhisoldcar,Fred"ssalaryjustwasn"tenough.  [答疑编号506494040637:针对该题提问] 【答案】Spendingfartoomuchmoneyonhisoldcar,Freddidnothaveenoughsalary.  Fred花了太多的钱在他的旧车上,工资不够用了。【解析】前面主语是Fred,后面分句主语是Fred"ssalary,前后分句主语不一致,因此需要进行统一。答案为Spendingfartoomuchmoneyonhisoldcar,Freddidnothaveenoughsalary。  2.Thedogwasexcited:running,barkingandhechasedaftertheboys.  [答疑编号506494040638:针对该题提问] 【答案】Thedogwasexcited:running,barkingandchasingaftertheboys.  这条小狗很兴奋:跑着、叫着、追逐着男孩们。【解析】前后主语不一致,前面主语是thedog,后面主语是he,he指代不明,容易产生歧义,因此需要将主语统一为thedog。答案为Thedogwasexcited:running,barkingandchasingaftertheboys。  3.Tomdidn"tliketotravelatweekendssinceyouhadtobeawayfromhome.  [答疑编号506494040639:针对该题提问] 【答案】Tomdidn"tliketotravelatweekendssincehehadtobeawayfromhome.  Tom不喜欢在周末旅行,因为他不得不离开家。【解析】前面主语是Tom,后面主语是you,前后主语不一致,因此需要将后句的you统一为前面的he。答案为Tomdidn"tliketotravelatweekendssincehehadtobeawayfromhome。  4.Therewasapenaltyclause.Itsaidonehadtopayhalfthecostifyoucancelledyourbooking.  [答疑编号506494040640:针对该题提问] 【答案】Therewasapenaltyclause.Itsaidonehadtopayhalfthecostifhecancelledhis booking.  有一条惩罚条款:如果某人取消了他的预定必须要支付一半费用。【解析】第二个句子中前后主语不一致,one可指代不确定的某个人,它对应的人称代词一般为he。答案为Therewasapenaltyclause.Itsaidonehadtopayhalfthecostifhecancelledhisbooking.  5.Standingonthebalcony,theoceanviewwasmagnificent.  [答疑编号506494040641:针对该题提问] 【答案】Standingonthebalcony,wecanseethemagnificentoceanview.  我们站在阳台上可以看到壮丽的海景。【解析】前后主语不一致,因此将后面主语theocean统一为前面主语we,句子相应进行转化。答案为Standingonthebalcony,wecanseethemagnificentoceanview.  SectionB  Directions:Supplyatopicsentenceforthefollowingparagraph.  _______________________.Theyarethosewhojusthappenedtobeourclassmatesinschool,thosewewereonceclosetobutthenlostcontactwith,andthosewhoareandwillalwaysbeclosesttous.First,ourformerclassmates.Wemayneverhavehadmuchincommon.Wemayhaveknownthemthroughoutourentireschoolcareersbutnevertalkedtothemoutsideofschool.Second,formeracquaintances.Thesearepeoplewewereonceclosetobutwhosepathshavedivergedfromourown.Theymayhavegrownupinourneighbourhoodbutthenmovedaway.Theywillbringbackmemorieswethoughtwehadforgotten.Theymaybeembarrassedonfirstseeingusagainbut,assoonasconversationstarts,theycantalkforever.Finally,ourbestfriends.Thesearethepeopleinwhomwecanconfide,peoplewithwhomwewanttosharethingsordothingstogether,peoplewhogiveusasenseofsecurityandfulfillment.  [答疑编号506494040642:针对该题提问] 【答案】Therearethreekindsoffriendsinourdailylife./Therearethreekindsofpeople,whocanbeourfriends.【解题思路】通读全文找出关键词,即三组thosewho以及后面的first,second,finally可以得出本文主要介绍三种不同类型的朋友。【参考翻译】主题句:在我们日常生活中有三类朋友。  他们是:我们在校时的同学;我们曾关系密切但后来失去联络的朋友;我们现在和将来都是亲密的朋友。首先,我们的老同学。我们可能从未有过共同之处,我们可能一直是在同一个学校学习,但出了学校以后就未曾交谈过。第二,老熟人。我们曾经关系不错但是我们走的道路不同。他们可能是一起长大的邻居但后来搬家离开了。他们带给我们一些我们以为已经遗忘了的记忆。初次再见到他们可能会感到尴尬,但是一开始交谈,他们就能聊很久。最后,我们最好的朋友。这是我们可以吐露心声的人、我们要与之共享或共同做些事情的人,这些人给我们安全感和满足感。GrammarinFocus非谓语动词:动词不定式(Non-FiniteVerbs:Infinitives)  一、非谓语动词用法概述  根据能否在句中独立充当谓语,英语中的动词可分为两大类:谓语动词(finiteverbs)和非谓语动词(non-finiteverbs)。能够在句中独立充当谓语的动词称为谓语动词,反之为非谓语动词。非谓语动词可分为三大类:不定式(theinfinitive)、分词(theparticiple)和动名词(thegerund )。非谓语动词具有谓语动词的某些特征,如有否定形式,可以有自己的状语,可以有进行式和完成式,如果是及物动词还可以有被动形式,有自己的逻辑主语等;同时它又与一般的谓语动词不同,除了不能单独作谓语外,不定式和动名词还可以起到名词的作用,不定式和分词可以起到形容词和副词的作用。  二、动词不定式的基本用法  动词不定式,简称不定式,是动词的一种非限定形式。动词不定式在句中除不能用作谓语外,有着广泛的句法作用,可用作主语、宾语、表语、主语补足语、宾语补足语、定语及各类状语。  1.作主语  Togooverseasonyourownisverybrave.  Itisverybravetogooverseasonyourown.  提示:  ●英语中不能用动词或其短语直接作主语,而必须采用不定式形式或动名词形式,在这一点上英语和汉语是不同的。例如:  Tolearn(Learning)aforeignlanguagewellisbynomeanseasy.  上述句子绝不可按照汉语的习惯写成:  *Learnaforeignlanguagewellisbynomeanseasy.  2.作宾语  英语中,某些动词后面可以接动词不定式结构作宾语,这些动词可以分为两大类,一类可以直接跟动词不定式结构作宾语,另一类可以跟疑问词+带to的不定式结构。例如:  Onsecondthoughts,theydecidednottoputthisissueontheagenda.  IknowwheretogobutIdon"tknowhowtogetthere.  3.作表语  Myhobbyistocollectstamps.  MyplanwastogetitallarrangedbeforeItoldanyone.  4.作主语补足语和宾语补足语  不定式可用作宾语补足语,用以构成主语+谓语+宾语+语补足语的结构。当含有用不定式结构作宾语补足语的句子用于被动语态时,不定式结构相应地也就成了主语补足语。例如:  Thenoticewarnedusnottoswimintheriverasitwasextremelydangerous.  TheSecretaryGeneraloftheUnitedNationsurgedbothsidestomeeteachotherhalfwaysoastofindasolutiontocurrentcrisis.  ShewasaskedtohavethereportfinishedbyFriday.  提示  ●绝大部分动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式结构前都要带上不定式符号to,但在make,let,have,see,hear,watch,notice,feel,observe等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式结构前没有不定式符号to。例如:  Theteachermadeusdoallkindsofexercisesbeforetheexam.  但将这些句子转化成被动语态时,不定式结构前省略的不定式符号to必须加上。  如上述例句在转化成被动语态时,应改为:  Weweremadetodoallkindsofexercisesbeforetheexam.  ●当不定式表示的动作已经结束或已经完成时,作主语补足语的不定式结构常常使用不定式的完成形式,即to+have+过去分词。例如:  Shewasdelightedtohaveheardfromyouaweekago.  Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutthesocialistmarketeconomy.  5.作状语  不定式结构常常可以用作状语,修饰谓语动词,表示目的、结果、原因或说话人的立场或态度等等。  Heworkstogetpaid,notbecauseheenjoysit.  Hehurriedtotherailwaystation,onlytofindthetrainhadleftfiveminutesbefore.  I"veneverheardofhim,tobequitehonest.  6.作定语  不定式结构常常可以用作定语,放在所修饰的名词之后,这种不定式和它所修饰的名词之间通常有一种逻辑上的动宾关系或主谓关系。例如:  Sheusuallyhasalotofsocialactivitiestoattendintheevenings.  Heisnotamantogiveininfaceof difficulties.  有些动词和形容词后面常接不定式。当它们转化成同源名词时后面也常接不定式作定语。例如:  Wemusthavethecouragetoadmitwhatweareignorantof.  Hehasthisenviableabilitytoignoreeverythingthat"sunpleasantinlife.  提示  ●用作定语的不定式结构中的动词如果是不及物动词,常常需要根据句子的语义,在动词后面加上一个适当的介词。例如:  Asthemanagerofthecompany,shehasalotofthingstoattendto.  Heisapleasantfellowtoworkwith.  三、不定式的时态和语态  不定式的一般式通常表示不定式表示的动作与主要谓语动词表示的动作或状态同时发生或接近同时发生,或在主要谓语动词表示的动作或状态之后发生。如果动词不定式表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生,不定式就要用完成形式。例如:  Hefeltashamedtohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.  ThepresidentwasreportedtohavebeenflyingacrosstheAtlantic.  如果不定式的逻辑主语是该不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要使用被动形式。如:  Ithinkitanhonourtobeinvitedheretogivealecture.  Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchanimportantpost.Exercises  Directions:Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.  1.Thoughnotverylarge,myroomisverycomfortable___________.  A)tolive  B)tolivein  C)livingin  D)livein  [答疑编号506494040701:针对该题提问] 【答案】B【解析】译文:虽然我的房子不是很大,但是住着很舒服。分析句子结构可知本题已经有谓语动词is了,此空填的应该是非谓语动词,D错;本句是主系表结构,可以用动词不定式来作状语,又因为live是不及物动词,要加介词in。答案为B。  2.Desertanimalsrequireameansofmaintainingmoistureinsuchhotweatheriftheyare___________.  A)surviving  B)tosurvive  C)tobesurvived  D)survived  [答疑编号506494040702:针对该题提问] 【答案】B【解析】译文:沙漠中的动物要想生存就必须具备在炎热气候中保持水分的方法。A是进行时,D是被动语态,都不合题意。desertanimals和survive之间是主谓关系,C错。可以用不定式来作表语。答案为B。  3.Hemademe___________onethingafteranotherallthe time.  A)todo  B)do  C)did  D)doing  [答疑编号506494040703:针对该题提问] 【答案】B【解析】译文:他一直让我没完没了地干活。makesb.dosth.意为“让某人做某事”,make是使役动词,其后要接省略to的不定式。答案为B。  4.ProfessorSmithissaid___________anotherimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.  A)havingmade  B)havingbeenmade  C)tohavemade  D)tomake  [答疑编号506494040704:针对该题提问] 【答案】C【解析】译文:据说史密斯教授在化学领域有了另外一项重大发现。根据句意知makeanotherimportantdiscovery已经发生,要用完成时态,D错;besaidtodo意为“据说,听说”,  A和B错。答案为C。  5.IfMr.Smithcomestoday,pleasehavehim_________thedirtytesttubes.  A)washed  B)washing  C)towashing  D)wash  [答疑编号506494040705:针对该题提问] 【答案】D【解析】译文:如果史密斯先生今天过来的话,请让他清洗这些脏试管。have是使役动词,  要用省略to的不定时,即havesb.dosth.,意为“使某人做某事”或者havesth.done意为“使某事被做”。本题have后面接的是him,要用动词原型。答案为D。  6.Thestudentsexpectedthere___________morerevisionclassesbeforethefinalexams.  A)is  B)being  C)havebeen  D)tobe  [答疑编号506494040706:针对该题提问] 【答案】D【解析】译文:学生们期待期末考试之前上更多的复习课。expect后可以接宾语从句,从句的时态要与主句保持一致,主句用的过去式,从句也要用过去的某个时态,A和C错;根据句意知本题表示一种期望和想法,expect后接不定式来表示此意。答案为D。  7.Whenshehadflu,shewaswarnedtostayinthehouse___________spreadthe infection.  A)soasnotto  B)soastonot  C)notsoasto  D)sonotasto  [答疑编号506494040707:针对该题提问] 【答案】A【解析】译文:当她得流感时,医生提醒她就待在家里,避免流感传播。soasto意为“为了  ……,目的是……”,其否定形式应该是soasnotto,意为“为了不……,避免……”。答案为A。  8.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper___________inbroaddaylightyesterday.  A)toberobbed  B)robbed  C)tohavebeenrobbed  D)havingbeenrobbed  [答疑编号506494040708:针对该题提问] 【答案】C【解析】译文:当地报纸报道昨天这家银行在光天化日下被抢了。首先主语thebank和rob之间是动宾关系,要用被动语态;又因为b这个动作发生在reported之前,要用完成时,A和B错;分析句子结构知本题要用动词不定式作主语thebank的补足语。答案为C。  9.Thelocalhealthorganizationisreported_______twentyfiveyearsagowhenDrAudenbecameitsfirstpresident.  A)tobesetup  B)beingsetup  C)tohavebeensetup  D)havingbeensetup  [答疑编号506494040709:针对该题提问] 【答案】C【解析】译文:据报道当地卫生组织成立于25年前,那时奥丁博士当选为此卫生组织的首位主席。本题考查动词report后可以直接加不定式作宾语。另外不定式setup这个动作发生在过去并且与主语organization之间是被动关系,因此应填入选项C。答案为C。  10.Thisprojectissaid___________rightnow.Sofareverythingisgoingonquitesmoothly.  A)tohavecarriedout  B)havingbeencarriedout  C)tohavebeencarriedout  D)tobebeingcarriedout  [答疑编号506494040710:针对该题提问]  【答案】D【解析】译文:据说这个项目现在正在实施之中。到目前为止一切都进展得非常顺利。  project和carryout之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态。rightnow强调此时此刻发生的事情,可用进行时态表达。答案为D。  11.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyreduced,thiscityisstill___________.  A)agoodplacetolive  B)livedasgoodplace  C)agoodplacetolivein  D)livinginasagoodplace  [答疑编号506494040711:针对该题提问] 【答案】C【解析】译文:因为空气污染在很大程度上得到了控制,所以这个城市仍然是个适合居住的好地方。分析句子结构可知agoodplace作is的表语,其后可以用动词不定式作后置定语,B和D错;又因为live是不及物动词,其后要加介词,A错。答案为C。  12.Forthere___________successfulcommunication,theremustbeattentivenessandinvolvementinthediscussionitselfbyallpresent.  A)is  B)tobe  C)willbe  D)being  [答疑编号506494040712:针对该题提问] 【答案】B【解析】译文:为了要进行成功的交流,必须有来自所有参加讨论的人的专注和参与。本题考查therebe结构作为非谓语动词的用法,即作目的状语时用theretobe。答案为B。  13.Ican"tdecidewhethertogowiththemor_______athome.  A)stay  B)staying  C)tobestayed  D)stayed  [答疑编号506494040713:针对该题提问] 【答案】A【解析】译文:是跟他们一起去还是待在家里,我还犹豫不决。本题decide后面接的是由or连接的两个并列结构,or前面用的是不定式,后面也要用不定式结构,但是to可以省略。答案为A。   14.ThereismorelandinAustraliathanthegovernmentknows___________.  A)todoit  B)todowithit  C)whattodowith  D)howtodo  [答疑编号506494040714:针对该题提问] 【答案】C【解析】译文:澳大利亚的土地多得连政府都不知作何用处。本题考查的是动词know后可以跟疑问词+带to的不定式作宾语从句。答案为C。  15.Ifound___________toanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven.  A)nopossibility  B)therewasimpossibility  C)impossible  D)itimpossible  [答疑编号506494040715:针对该题提问] 【答案】D【解析】译文:我发觉在有限的时间内不可能回答所有的问题。im-这个否定前缀是加在形容词前面的,possibility是名词,B错;如果用A的话要有therewasnopossibility;findit+形容词+todo是一个常用句型,其中it是形式宾语,真正的主语是todo,因为太长所以用it作形式宾语。答案为D。TipsforEnglishLearningMakingRegularStudyaHabit  Regularstudyisthekeytosuccessinlearningalanguage.Itiseasierandmoreeffectivetostudyalittleeverydayratherthanforseveralhoursonlyonedayaweek.Also,studyingalittleeverydaymakesiteasiertoreviewwhatyou"velearnedandremembernewthings.  ◆Distributeyourstudytimein15-to-30-minuteperiodsthroughouttheday.  ◆Focusonadifferenttaskeachtime:vocabularynow,grammarnext,etc.  ◆Getanoverviewduringthefirsthalfhour:spend10minutesreviewingdialogue,10minuteslearningnewvocabulary,10minuteslearningnewgrammar.  Approximately80%ofyourstudytimeshouldbespentinpractice.Justasathletesperfecttheirsportthroughpractice,languagelearnersalsopolishtheirlearningthroughpractice.SomewaystopractiseincludeconversingwithEnglish-speakingpeople;writingemails,notesandlettersinEnglish;andmakingphonecallstopractiseEnglishspeech.PractisingalsoincludesincreasingexposuretoEnglishthroughwatchingEnglish-speakingmoviesandTV,listeningtoEnglish-speakingradioandhangingaroundEnglish-speakingpeople—evenifjustasalistener.  Remember,aforeignlanguagecourseisdifferentfromanyothercourseyoutake.Languagelearningiscumulative.Making,andkeepingregularstudyhabitsensuresthatyouarepractisinglearningonadailybasis.Thisisafarbetterapproachthanstudyingseveralhoursonceortwiceaweek.  [答疑编号506494040716:针对该题提问]  【参考译文】  养成定时学习的习惯  定时学习是掌握一门语言的关键。每天花一点儿时间学习比一周仅用一天学习几个小时更容易、更有效。每天学一点儿也使复习你所学的东西较容易并能记住新学的内容。  ◆在一天学习中,分配你的学习15到30分钟为一段时间。  ◆每次学一个重点:现在学词汇、下次学语法,等等。  ◆在学习的第一个半小时期间,做一个大致安排:花十分钟复习对话、十分钟学习生词、十分钟学习新语法。  你学习时间的80%应当用来做练习。就像运动员通过训练来提高他们的运动水平,语言学习者也要通过操练完善他们的学习。练习方法包括与说英语的人练会话;写英文电子邮件、便条和信笺;打电话练习说英语。练习还包括增加接触英语的机会:观看英文电影和电视节目,听收音机广播英语,与说英语的人形影不离——即使你只是作为一个听众。  记住,学外语不同于你所学的其他任何课程。外语学习是积累过程。养成并坚持固定时间学习的习惯确保每天做练习,这是比一个星期只学习一次或两次,每次都学几个小时要好得多的学习方法(途径)。'