GBT15619-2005机械振动与冲击人体暴露词汇.pdf 21页

'免费标准网(www.freebz.net)ICS13.160；01．040.13＿＿A25看摹中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T15619-2005/ISO5805：1997代替GB/T15619-1995．－二今．．－－，‘－－‘．一」L．左一」一．二二翻召二侣备、．．，、．．．习L栅孤切与1甲击人体泰露"AJ1LMechanicalvibrationandshock-Humanexposure-Vocabulary（ISO5805：1997，IDT)2005-05-13发布2005-10-01实施中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局。＊中国国家标准化管理委员会pL-=i免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005/ISO5805：1997．含J．．‘‘．月U青本标准等同采用ISO5805:1997(E/F)((机械振动与冲击人体暴露词汇｝｝（英文版）。为了便于使用，对于ISO5805:1997(E/F）本标准做了如下编辑性修改：a)用“本标准”代替“本国际标准”；b)对国际标准英文版中的印刷错误进行了改正：7.20注2中的“power-beat”改为“powerboat"（根据法文版改正）；c）用小数点符号“．”代替小数点符号“，”；d）删除了ISO5805:1997(E/F）的前言；e)将原英文索引改为英汉对照索引；f)增加了汉英对照索引。本标准代替GB/T15619-1995《人体机械振动与冲击术语》。本标准与GB/T15619-1995相比主要变化如下：—本标准与国际标准ISO5805的一致性程度为等同，而前一版本则为非等效；—本标准中术语分类中增加了“其他术语”一章，各章的术语所属分类重新进行了划分；—本标准与前一版本相比，新增加4条术语：“方向性振动（冲击）"(4.1),“多轴向直线振动（冲击）"(4.5),“多轴向旋转振动（冲击）"(4.9),“枕骨裸突点”(7.19);—本标准与前一版本相比，删除了10条术语：“人体机械振动（或冲击）”（原3.1),“振动强度”（原3.3),“全身振动（或冲击）暴露”（原4.6),“全身振动（或冲击）环境”（原4.7),“坐姿”（原4.17),“多轴向振动（或冲击）”（原5.7),“振动（或冲击）界限”（原6.3),“舒适性降低界限”（原6.6),“疲劳与（或）熟练程度降低界限”（原6.8),“暴露限度”（原6.9);—与前一版本相比，部分术语新增了第二及第三优先术语及不推荐使用的英文用法。本标准由国家安全生产监督管理总局提出。本标准由全国机械振动与冲击标准化技术委员会归口。本标准起草单位：吉林省安全科学技术研究院。本标准主要起草人：肖建民、郑凡颖。本标准所代替标准的历次版本发布情况为：—GB/T15916一1995。标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005/ISO5805:1997机械振动与冲击人体暴露词汇1范围本标准规定了与人体生物动力学有关的术语，即在其他标准中使用的有关评价人体暴露于机械振动与冲击的专业性术语。本标准给出了术语的标准定义，是对ISO2041的补充，但不包含在词典中容易查到的一般性术语。注1：在规定影响人体的振动或冲击的方向的术语中包含少量同义词，在生物动力学或对人体暴露于机械振动与冲击评价的论文中，普遍使用同义词仍然很常见。然而建议使用基本的标准术语（列在首位），不推荐使用可能有多种解释的术语。在生物动力学中提到冲击，应被理解为力学而不是医学意义上的概念。机械冲击（当用于人时通常称为“撞击”），在1S02041中已有定义。注2：提到“人”应理解为同样适用于男人或女人。注3：每条术语前的数字编号在每一章条中的编排是任意的，使用这些编号仅仅是为了查阅方便，包括将本标准中的基本术语翻译成其他语言时便于对照查阅。2规范性引用文件下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单（不包括勘误的内容）或修订版均不适用于本标准。然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。ISO2041振动与冲击词汇3一般术语3.1建筑物振动（冲击）buildingvibration(shock)影响人体或为人体所感觉或察觉的建筑物、桥梁或其他固定结构的机械振动（冲击）。注：干扰人的建筑物振动通常伴随着空气噪声，而许多人难以区分建筑物中的振动干扰和噪声干扰。3.2落脚声footfall由于人在建筑物中走动而产生的机械振动、冲击运动或噪声。3.3f7接振动indirectvibration未传入人体而影响人的机械振动。例如：在视野中的物体的可见振荡。3.4肢体振动器limbvibrator局部振动器segmentalvibrator为实验或治疗目的，将振动局部地施加于人的肢体或其他部位的振动机械（通常为小型机械）。3.5乘载特性ride在运载器中，乘载人员所经受的可测量的运动环境（包括振动、冲击、直线和旋转加速度）。免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005八SO5805：1997注：有些机构把移动的运载工具内部可听噪声作为乘载特性的一部分，特别是通常由同一个或多个振源（如叉车、直升机、船舶、航天运载工具）产生的对人有害的振一声复合环境。3.6自加振动self-appliedvibration为了治疗、娱乐或舒适目的而施加于人体自身的机械振动。3.7自生振动self-generatedvibration＜生物动力学＞内源性振动，即由肌肉活动（例如步行、跳舞、摇摆）或器官的无意识活动（例如心脏跳动、神经性肌肉的震颤）而引起的人体的振动性或摆动性运动。3.8振动（冲击）限度vibration(shock)limit根据特定的准则（例如，当准则是防止伤害或疾病时，为安全暴露界限）推荐的机械振动（冲击）的最大强度或烈度的定量表达。注：关于人体暴露于机械振动和冲击的标准通常规定了人体响应的评价方法，而在有些场合专门的剂量反应关系已经给出。作为一般规则，规定绝对的暴露限度对于国际标准而言不是合适的。在有些成员国中，振动（冲击）限度有时由立法或行政机构颁布。在这种情况下，宜鼓励使用同国际上认可的、或同类国家一致的评价方法和数据。3.9振动（冲击）准则vibration(shock)criterion以规定人体振动（冲击）的限度或界限为目的（如保护健康、工作效率）的表达。注：作为完整的表达，准则应规定被保护人群的比率或百分数。3.10振动评估vibrationrating＜生物动力学＞采用评估分级或相应的数值评估对振动烈度或强度进行的主观评价。这种评价通过心理学试验方法得出。注：振动评估在许多方面类似于响度分级或可听声中的噪声分级。3.11振动性传输vibratorycommunication通过振动感觉方式对人体进行的振动信号传输，振动信号由部位和其他参数编码，以机械或电感驱动方式施加于人体。4影响人体的机械振动（冲击）特性术语4.1方向性振动（冲击）directionalvibration(shock)作用于人体全身或局部（例如手、头或肢体）的直线或旋转机械振动（冲击）。见5.2中注604.2x轴振动（冲击）x-axisvibration(shock)前后振动fore-and-aftvibration（不推荐使用）波动surge（不推荐使用）转轨shunt（不推荐使用）横向振动transversevibration（不推荐使用）纵向振动longitudinalvibration（不推荐使用）沿着人体或人体某一部位（例如手）的解剖学坐标系的x轴方向的直线机械振动（冲击）。标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005八SO5805：1997注1：波动用于船舶，而转轨用于火车。注2：在右手直角坐标系中，二轴的方向由受试者的后背指向前方来确定（见ISO8727)04.3Y轴振动（冲击）y-axisvibration(shock)侧向振动side-to-sidevibration（不推荐使用）摇摆sway（不推荐使用）横向振动transversevibration（不推荐使用）沿着人体或人体某一部位（例如手）的解剖学坐标系的Y轴方向的直线机械振动（冲击）。注：在右手直角坐标系中，Y轴的方向按受试者的右侧指向左侧来确定（见ISO8727),4.4z轴振动（冲击）z-axisvibration(shock)垂直振动verticalvibration（不推荐使用）起伏振动heavevibration（不推荐使用）纵向振动longitudinalvibration（不推荐使用）沿着人体或人体某一部位（例如手）的解剖学坐标系的z轴方向的直线机械振动（冲击）。注1：重要的是认识到人的z轴振动未必是垂直振动，按地心理论，它取决于人体的方向是实际或是名义上的垂直以及振动本身的方向。注2：在右手直角坐标系中，z轴的方向按受试者的脚底指向头部来确定（见ISO8727)04.5多轴向直线振动（冲击）multidirectionaltranslationalvibration(shock)作用于人体或人体某一部位（例如手）的一个以上轴向的直线机械振动（冲击）。4.6滚转roll绕着人体或人体某一部位（例如手）的解剖学坐标系的.z轴的旋转机械振动。注：车辆的滚转、俯仰和偏转轴线未必（通常不）是相交的，实际上在船舶和其他大型移动结构中，一个或更多的轴线可能位于船体或人所在的舱位之外，这就要求在评价人体振动输人时进行数据的计算变换。4.7俯仰pitch绕着人体或人体某一部位（例如手）的解剖学坐标系的Y轴的旋转机械振动。4.8偏转yaw绕着人体或人体某一部位（例如手）的解剖学坐标系的z轴的旋转机械振动。4.9多轴向旋转振动（冲击）multi-axisrotationalvibration(shock)绕着人体或人体某一部位（例如手）的解剖学坐标系的一个以上轴向的旋转机械振动（冲击）。4.10暴露时间exposuretime人体暴露于在性质上视为连续的机械振动（或重复性冲击运动）的实际或名义持续时间（按规定的标准计算方法得出）。例如：确认的工人一个工作日内在振动环境中所经历的总暴露时间。注：名义平均暴露时间可通过计算得出，即使当振动是间歇的、间断的或强度变化的，如同乘坐不同的交通工具旅行或在评价的期间内的不同工作时间使用动力工具一样。免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GBJT15619-2005JISO5805：19975生物动力学术语5.1基本中心坐标系basicentriccoordinatesystem右手直角坐标系，其原点位于（或相对于）接触面或结构（例如运载器地面）上的一个点，并认为机械振动（冲击）由该点传人人体。注：这种坐标系可间接产生于一些可识别点（例如运载器或船舶的重心），由此生物动力学涉及的可测量运动能借助计算变换可靠地与该坐标系建立联系。5.2解剖学坐标系anatomicalcoordinatesystem右手直角坐标系，其原点位于人体或人的模拟体内，并由固定的（骨骼的）解剖学标志来规定方向。注1：术语“生物动力学坐标系”有时作为同样含义使用（例如本标准的第一版中的定义）。然而，该术语现在具有一般含义而用于任何坐标系，不论是否位于人体中心，这已在生物动力学中使用。“解剖学坐标系”是一个优先使用的术语，专门用于位于建立在人体或人体的某一部位（例如手）内或者人的模拟体内的坐标系。注2：用来定义解剖学坐标系人体某一部位或局部应在报告时在圆括号中标出：例如：“解剖学坐标系（手）”、“解剖学坐标系（头）”。注3：解剖学坐标系按照人体局部与骨骼参考点的关系建立和定位，因此（不像基本中心坐标系），它与人体局部一起随着人体方向或姿势的改变而移动。在这个意义上，人体局部被认为是按照刚体力学规律运动的解剖学单元，从而达到了可证明的适当近似（见ISO8727),注4：显然，解剖学坐标系定义的原点可以按精确的人体测量学原理，根据可识别的骨骼参考点来描述。注5：使用不确定的、自由运动或者易变形的人体部位，如心脏、臀部作为解剖学坐标系原点，会导致在人体的振动和冲击运动测量时缺乏精确性和可重复性，因而不推荐使用。注6：传人人体或人体的模拟体的机械振动和冲击可以按照解剖学和（或）几何中心或基本中心坐标系描述，采用何种方法取决于其是否最适合测量人体响应或评价的方法。然而作为一般规律推荐优先采用解剖学坐标系。5.3生物动力学biodynamics关于人体或人的模拟体，其组织、器官、部位和系统的物理的、生物的和力学（惯性）特性及响应的科学，它涉及外力（外生物动力学），包括自生振动，或者涉及内力，这些内力由外力和人体自身机械活动（内生物动力学）的相互作用而产生。注：术语生物力学（biomechanics）有时用作生物动力学（biodynamics）的同义语（从词源的角度来说，生物动力学的确是生物力学的一个分支）。然而，作为一般规律，生物力学在实际中主要含义是指人体内的组织、器官和结构的静态物理特性（如材料强度、弹性、运动范围）的学科，而未必考虑其动态响应。5.4接触表面contactsurface被认为是机械振动（冲击）传人人体或人体的某一部位（例如手）或人的模拟体的表面或区域（界面）。注：许多实际应用中，传人振动或冲击运动的主要机械驱动点被认为位于限定接触表面的平面中心。5.5假人dummy人体测，学假人anthropometricdummy人体模型manikin一种试验装置或通过机械方法可实现的人体模拟的模型，能模拟人的一种或多种人体测量学、弹道学和动态特性。注：许多限定词用来表示假人的性质或目的。例如，人体测量学假人或人体模型模拟人体的一般外观和外部解剖学特性（尽管未必是先天的特性），制造人体测量学假人用来重现人体（按规定尺寸或质量的一定比例）姿势的标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005八SO5805：1997尺寸和范围，而人体动力学假人或人体模型按不同的精确度模拟人体或其主要部位在一个或多个轴向的动态特性。而运动学假人模拟人体的某些弹道学的特性（例如在剧烈撞击或空气动力学载荷下肢体的抽打范围或惯性运动），而根本不必逼真地重现人体外形或可视的解剖模型或内部动力学响应。5.6手臂系统hand-armsystem作为振动（冲击）接受器的人的上肢。5.7全身振动（冲击）whole-bodyvibration(shock),WBV传向整个人体的机械振动（冲击），通常是通过与振动（或受冲击运动）的支撑表面相接触的人体区域（例如臀部、脚底、背部）传递。5.8局部振动（冲击）segmentalvibration(shock)局部振动regionalvibration（不推荐使用）局部振动localvibration（不推荐使用）局部振动topicalvibration（不推荐使用）施加于或传递到人体某一特定局部、区域或部位，例如手臂系统或头部（通常用来区别于全身输人）的机械振动（冲击）。5.9手传振动（冲击）hand-transmittedvibration(shock),HTV手臂振动hand-armvibration,HAV通常通过握持工具或工件的手掌或手指直接施加于或传递到手臂系统的机械振动（冲击）。6描述人体对振动（冲击）反应术语6.1舒适comfort＜生物动力学＞感觉良好或没有与人为环境（机械振动或重复性冲击）相关的机械性干扰的主观状态。注：舒适意味着没有明显的干扰或物理因素的侵人，它是一个复杂的主观存在，依赖存在于人为环境中全部物理因素的有效累积，也依赖对这些因素及其综合作用的个体敏感性，以及诸如期望这些心理因素（例如，由于这些原因，同样的振动值对大多数高级轿车乘坐者认为不舒适，但对大多数公共汽车乘坐者认为是可接受的舒适）。6.2等振感曲线equalvibrationsensationcontour振动感觉大小相等的一组振动值，以频率的函数表示。6.3适应habituation适应acclimatization（不推荐使用）适应adaptation（不推荐使用）＜生物动力学＞由于持续或重复暴露于某一种刺激导致人体对运动、振动或冲击的心理生理反应（例如运动病）的减低或抑制。注：通常对于海上晕船而言，称之为“不晕船（习惯于船的颠簸）”。6.4运动病motionsickness晕动病kinetosis运动综合症motionsicknesssyndrome（不推荐使用）免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005/ISO5805：1997由于人体实际的或感受到的低频被动运动诱发的呕吐、恶心或不适（通常先有各种不适前兆症状，接着出现植物神经系统的临床症状）。注：运动病通常由于其发生的场合的不同而有不同的名称。例如晕船、晕飞机、晕车。最近太空（运动）病已用来表示宇航员和航天员在失重的轨道飞行期间所经受的恶心和呕吐。然而这种状态在生理上是否与在地球上所经受的运动病相同还有争议。6.5运动病发病率motionsicknessincidence,MSI在引起运动的特定时间内或特定的条件下，发生运动病（通常以明显呕吐为症状）的人在人群或组中所占的比例（通常以百分比表示）。6.6乘载品质ridequality乘坐运载工具在单次或复合旅程中由乘员或操作者所察觉到的全部主观感受（包括运动环境和相关因素）程度，并被评定为满意或不满意。6.7昏睡综合症sopitesyndrome由振动、低频振荡运动（例如船舶运动）或一般旅行紧张引起的过度困倦、疲乏或似睡的注意力不集中状态。6.8振动（；中击）（撞击）耐限vibration(shock)(impact)tolerance按规定振动（冲击）（撞击）准则得出个体或者特定人群或组中的平均的可耐受最大的机械振动（冲击）（撞击）的烈度。6.9振动性白指vibrationwhitefinger,VWF振动引起的白指vibration-inducedwhitefinger职业性雷诺氏现象Raynaud"sphenomenonofoccupationalorigin损伤性血管痉挛症traumaticvasospasticdisease（不推荐使用）在一些暴露于手持式动力工具及工件所产生的振动的工人中出现的手指皮肤血流障碍现象，通常当诱发因素出现时就会持续发生，而且在这一期间可能会发展。这种失调中，经过开始暴露后的一个潜伏期后，典型症状会在一个或多个手指出现。症状分布一般与最强的振动暴露一致，暴露剂量越大，受影响的手指越多。这种病症的典型表现为当手或全身遇到冷刺激时，手指出现界限明显的发作性局部变白，并伴有手指部分麻木。注：这种现象在医学界也称为“职业雷诺氏症”。由那些日常使用手持振动工具的工人通常给这种病症起了许多更形象化的名称（例如“死手”、“白蜡指”）。6.10手臂振动综合症hand-armvibrationsyndrome,HAVS在一些使用手持式振动动力工具的工人中出现的症候群，这种综合症包括：a）手指皮肤血液循环障碍（振动性白指，雷诺氏现象）；b>手和前臂神经障碍（疼痛、感觉异常、手的感觉阑提高）；c）运动器官障碍（手和前臂疼痛、肌力减退，偶见肘及腕关节病）。注：在手臂振动综合症的典型表现中，其诊断是基于在使用手持式振动工具的工人中经常出现遇到冷刺激时，一个或多个手指变白的病史做出的。标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005/ISO5805：19977其他术语7.1疲劳与（或）熟练程度降低fatigue/decreasedproficiency＜生物动力学＞由机械振动（冲击）引起的疲劳与（或）人的活动能力或工效降低。注1：该术语暂时保留在本标准中，因为一方面它是一个不被人类工效生理方面的专家普遍接受和承认的概念，而另一方面，它已在国际标准和同类文献中采用。“熟练程度”(proficiency）一词收人本标准在某些方面是一种不得已的选择，因为在规范的英语用法中，严格地说，它的含义指未必有当前正在执行的任务的效率（efficien-cy）的意思（效率同时可能被振动或冲击运动降低），但同时可获得技能或经验，这个术语主要是由受过训练的个人使用，但没有考虑暂时的不良环境因素的作用。注2：该术语在科技文献甚至在一些英文版的生物动力学标准中被广泛不适当地写成“疲劳一降低熟练程度”（不推荐这种代替方式）。使用这种连字符的形式错误地表示全部的工效被“疲劳”降低，即被依赖于时间的振动或冲击运动的不利生理作用所降低。事实上，人的许多形式的活动和工效，是在被振动或冲击运动引起的直接机械干扰瞬时降低，而未必是与在持续暴露期间的任何后续生理上的疲劳影响有关。7.2握j7gripforce抓握力grippingforce握压力grippingpressure（不推荐使用）操作者的手施加到产生振动（冲击）的手持式工具或工件或任何手持振动表面，例如运载工具的方向舵的抓握力。7.3推进力pushingforce操作者的手施加到产生振动（冲击）的工具的手柄或其他部位、或工件上的用来导向或向前推进的力。7.4手臂机械阻抗hand-armmechanicalimpedance手臂阻抗hand-armimpedance手臂系统的振动点（通常是驱动点）所测量的力与速度的复数比。注：本术语一般是指作为谐波振动频率函数的手臂系统驱动点的机械阻抗。当提到手臂系统传递阻抗时，宜作出明确的区分或说明含义。7.5人的模拟体humananalogue人的模拟模型humananaloguemodel人的代用品humansurrogate（不推荐使用）＜生物动力学＞动态地代表人体的特定惯性特性的代替物或模型。注1：人的模拟体可以是：a)动物，其主要解剖学特性及对振动和冲击的惯性响应（特别是躯干、头和颈部）和人相似，对这些动物，可通过实验得出数据的适当换算与人的惯性特性等同；b)人的尸体，例如用于在运载工具碰撞实验中，以模拟活人的伤害作用及在强烈冲击运动（撞击）期间的运动机理；c)机械假人（人体模型）；或d）人的动态或运动响应的数学模型（包括计算机模拟）。注2：术语“人的模拟体”有时扩展到包括代表人体尺寸、几何形状或材料特性的任何物理的代替物。然而，在解释使用这类模拟体进行生物动力学为目的实验得出的数据时，必须格外慎重，以免看起来真实的模拟体代表的活人的动态特性是不可靠的（即使是人的尸体，看起来是人体的材料，可能缺乏活的人体所具备的弹性和其他免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005/ISO5805：1997惯性特性，因而会给出不确切或不代表所模拟的活人对力和运动输人时的生物动力学响应。7.6脉冲性振动impulsivevibration＜生物动力学＞当每次冲击持续时间和各冲击之间的间隔时间短于受振者的有阻尼瞬态响应或固有周期时，由快速重复性冲击运动产生的准稳态振动或持续的瞬态振动。注1：脉冲，如在这里所定义的，具有设计用来传递一系列高频撞击给工件的手持往复式动力工具（例如气铲、混凝土破碎机、气动敲钉机）产生的手传振动的一般特性（经常有强周期性）。注2：在很多情况下，脉冲性振动和重复性冲击的区分是有争议的，而且属于语义学用法方面的问题。在重复性冲击激励具有很强的周期性以及重复频率在对于作为接受器的人而言属于相对高频范围时，这个问题尤为明显。后一个术语（见7.13）一般指人体全身振动暴露（例如沿着持续颠簸的道路乘车，或穿过小涡空气湍流飞行时），而如在7.6注1中所提到的，术语“脉冲性振动”通常用于高速往复式动力工具产生的手传的机械振动。7.7间断性暴露interruptedexposure非连续性界礴discontinuousexposure被具有特定时间过程（发生次数与持续时间）的无振动期中断的人体的准稳态或连续性振动暴露（通常出现在职业性手传性振动场合）。注：本术语的反义词是非间断性（连续性）暴露。7.8潜伏期latentinterval,latentperiod,latency从人体首次暴露于某种有害因素到首次出现与这种暴露有关的症状的时间（时间范围可能从几个星期到数年）。7.9长时间振动（孟复性冲击）撰璐long-durationvibration(repetitiveshock)exposure＜生物动力学＞作用于人体且持续1h以上的连续振动（重复性冲击）。7.10斜命姿reclining＜生物动力学＞介于坐姿与仰卧之间的一种参考姿势，处于这种姿势时，由解剖学坐标系（原点位于骨盆）确定的人体全身的解剖学的Z轴由几何中心或名义垂直位置向后转150至75。之间的某一角度。7.11卧姿recumbent平卧lying（不推荐使用）＜生物动力学＞一种参考姿势，处于这种姿势时，人体全身解剖学Z轴由垂直位置沿任何方向（例如仰卧、侧卧和俯卧）转动750至90“之间的某一角度。注1：术语“平卧”(lying）不推荐使用，因为其在英语中有多种含义。注2；在卧姿中，实际的各部分人体重量可能分布在身体上半部和四肢，但施加的振动或冲击可被认为通过骨盆或人体质量中心起作用。7.12参考姿势referenceposture＜生物动力学＞作为全身机械振动（冲击）接受器的人体的名义方向和姿势。7.13孟复性冲击repetitiveshock,repeatedshock＜生物动力学＞影响人体的一系列短暂（小于1s）的冲击运动或碎发的准稳态振动。标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005/ISO5805：1997见7.6。注1：有规律地重复且频率高于每秒一次的冲击，出于许多目的可能被视为连续振动形式，且出了生物动力学目的也作为连续振动分析。注2：冲击可以是关于时间轴对称或不对称的。7.14计权加速度weightedacceleration计权振动weightedvibration计权加速度级weightedaccelerationlevel计权振动级weightedvibrationlevel（不推荐使用）＜生物动力学＞影响人体的一个或一组振动或重复性冲击的加速度值，该值经过计算或信号处理以反映人体的响应特性，并作为振动频率或暴露时间的函数。注：当“级”一词包括在本术语中时，指的是相对于标准的加速度参考值而言（见ISO1683)07.15影响人体的机械振动碎发burstofmechanicalvibrationaffectingman在人体或人体局部的驱动点的一系列离散且连续（但通常是短暂的）振动变换。注1：影响人体的振动碎发的典型情况包括在人体共振系统受到冲击输人后引发的振幅按指数规律衰减（通常为“钟型”）的准谐波振动，或是幅值包络线起伏的振动（例如，由重型车辆通过而激发的桥面振动），或是短暂的随机振动，如同飞机对孤立的一阵空气紊流响应或船在波浪巨大的海中航行引起的船体响应一样。注2:碎发通常是与大多数人体反应相关的短暂时间。振动碎发的持续时间足够长到能作为短时间连续振动处理的关键将依赖于环境和引起的人体响应。7.16影响人体的rel歇性振动intermittentvibrationaffectingman为间歇所分隔的若干段重复性连续振动，间歇期间振动停止或在幅度和（或）特性上有明显变化。注：本术语经常（但未必）指的一种振动突然或无规律的恢复，因而可能引起作为振动接受器的人的吃惊和烦恼。7.17振动声学适应性vibroacoustichabitability人体长时间或连续地处于大型运载工具或结构中，对于噪声和机械振动的综合不利环境可接受的程度。注1：振动声学适应性可根据主观障碍的准则，以及对人的活动或工作的干扰，职业安全与健康或上述各项的各种组合进行评价。注2：长时间一般可认为是暴露时间（尤其是职业暴露）持续至少1h，且在一天内或规则的工作班内重复出现，或者连续一段时间或暴露持续一天或数天，在这段暴露时间内，受影响的人必须在与工作时间相同的振动声学环境（例如乘船海上航行、太空航行、长距离航空飞行、离岸平台及在公共或其他建筑中持续暴露在交通或飞机噪声中）休息、睡眠及进行其他生活活动。7.18等效力矩equivalenttorque＜生物动力学＞解剖学部位之间产生的力矩，该力矩与解剖学部位的质量分布特性和各部位间的关节位置及部位的运动的状态一致。7.19枕骨解突点occipitalcondylarpoint枕骨裸突的最下方突起处的切线的中点。注：这条假想线的切线位置通常通过射线照片的人体测量学方法确定。7.20人体撞击humanimpact免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005八SO5805：1997撞击加速度impactacceleration碰摘（力）crash(force)短暂加速度short-durationacceleration（不推荐使用）＜生物动力学＞施加到人体的冲击或冲击运动。注1;“冲击”和“冲击运动”的定义见ISO20410注2：术语“人体撞击”在生物动力学中应用通常指的是在由事故或军事活动导致的单一事件中，引起疼痛、损伤或显著生理痛苦的对人体结构足够强度剧烈冲击激励。这种冲击有别于在乘坐运载工具时通常所经历的轻微的和（或）中等强度的重复性冲击（颠簸），或建筑物中结构产生的不适并伴有短暂不舒适、烦恼或人的日常性的生活和工作活动的中断。中等烈度及危险的范围也可以区别，它包括野外粗糙道路驾驶车辆，人所受到的重复性机械冲击及承受在长期职业性暴露（例如拖拉机和卡车驾驶员，移动重型设备操作者）或过度娱乐性暴露（例如乘坐越野行驶的车辆，摩托艇，履带式雪地机动车）过程中累积的损伤的风险。标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005八SO5805：1997参考文献[1]ISO1503:1977几何方向和运动方向[21ISO1683:1983声学声级的优选参考值[31ISO2631-1:"，机械振动与冲击人体全身振动暴露的评价第1部分：一般要求[41GB/T14790-1993人体手传振动的测量与评价指南（eqvISO5349:1986)[51ISO5353:1995地面移动机械、拖拉机及农业和林业机械坐椅标志点[61ISO5982:1981振动与冲击人体驱动点的机械阻抗[71ISO7962:1987机械振动与冲击人体Z向机械传递率[8]ISO8727:2，机械振动与冲击人体暴露生物动力学坐标系191ISO9996:z，机械振动与冲击对人的活动及工作的干扰分类1）待发布（ISO2631-1:1985修订）2)待发布。免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005/ISO5805：1997英汉对照索引Aacclimatization适应··································。·························································一6.3adaptation适应································································································⋯⋯6.3anatomicalcoordinatesystem解剖学坐标系················，···················，·······················⋯⋯5.2anthropometricdummy人体测f学假人···················，··············································⋯⋯5.5Bbasicentriccoordinatesystem基本中心坐标系·························································⋯⋯5.1biodynamics生物动力学····················································································⋯⋯5.3buildingvibration(shock)建筑物振动（；中击）····························，··················，·········⋯⋯3.1burstofmechanicalvibrationaffectingman影响人体的机械振动碎发·············，·············⋯⋯7.15Ccomfort舒适···································································································⋯⋯6.1contactsurface接触表面····················································································⋯⋯5,4crash(force)碰撞（力卜······················································································⋯⋯7．20Ddirectionalvibration(shock）方向性振动（冲击）······················································⋯⋯4.1discontinuousexposure非连续性界盆·····································································⋯⋯7.7dummy假人·........................................................................................................5.5Eequalvibrationsensationcontour等振感曲线····························································⋯⋯6.2equivalenttorque等效力矩·················································································⋯⋯7.18exposuretime撰璐时间····················································································⋯⋯4.10Ffatigue/decreasedproficiency疲劳与（或）熟练程度降低·············································⋯⋯7.1footfall落脚声································································································⋯⋯3．2fore-and-aftvibration前后振动···········································································⋯⋯4．2Ggripforce握力··················，······························，··········································，··⋯⋯7．2grippingforce抓握力，······················，··································································⋯⋯7.2grippingpressure握压力····················································································⋯⋯7.2Hhabituation适应································································································⋯⋯6.3标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GBJT15619-20051ISO5805：1997hand-armimpedance手臂阻抗·····················，··············································。··········一7.4hand-armmechanicalimpedance手臂机械阻抗········，················································⋯⋯7.4hand-armsystem手臂系统·················································································⋯⋯5.6hand-armvibration,HAV手臂振动·································································。····，·⋯⋯5.9hand-armvibrationsyndrome,HAVS手臂振动综合症··············，·································⋯⋯6.10hand-transmittedvibration(shock),HTV手传振动（冲击）··········································⋯⋯5.9heavevibration起伏振动····························，·。·····················································⋯⋯4．4humananalogue人的模拟体···············································································，·⋯⋯7·5humananaloguemodel人的模拟模型·····································································⋯⋯7.5humanimpact人体撞击····················································································⋯⋯7.20humansurrogate人的代用品·········，···············，·······，···············································⋯⋯7.5Iimpactacceleration撞击加速度···························，···························，···················⋯⋯7.20impulsivevibration脉冲性振动··························，················································⋯⋯7.6indirectvibration间接振动···············································‘·································⋯⋯3,3intermittentvibrationaffectingman影响人体的间歇性振动·······································⋯⋯7.16interruptedexposure间断性暴露···········································································⋯⋯7.7Kkinetosis晕动病································································································⋯⋯6.4Llatentinterval,latentperiod,latency潜伏期····························································⋯⋯7.8limbvibrator肢体振动器·······，············································································⋯⋯3.4localvibration局部振动································，，·，·························，，·····················⋯⋯5.8long-durationvibration(repetitiveshock)exposure长时rel振动（重复性冲击）攀露············⋯⋯7.9longitudinalvibration纵向振动·····································································⋯⋯4.2,4.4lying平卧，·，··············································，····················································⋯⋯7,11Mmanikin人体模型···················，·····，·····，··········，·····························，······················一5．5motionsickness运动病·······················································································⋯⋯6．4motionsicknessincidence,MSI运动病发病率····························································⋯⋯6.5motionsicknesssyndrome运动综合症·······，··············，··································，·，·········⋯⋯6.4multi-axisrotationalvibration(shock）多轴向旋转振动（冲击）····································⋯⋯4.9multidirectionaltranslationalvibration(shock）多轴向直线振动（冲击）···························⋯⋯4.5Ooccipitalcondylarpoint枕骨YA突点··············································，······················⋯⋯7.19Ppitch俯仰······································································································⋯⋯4.7免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005/ISO5805：1997pushingforce推进t············································································，·············⋯⋯7.3RRaynaud"sphenomenonofoccupationalorigin职业性留诺氏现象·································⋯⋯6.9reclining斜靠姿·············，·························，，····················································⋯⋯7.10recumbent卧姿································································································⋯⋯7.11referenceposture参考姿势·················································································⋯⋯7.12regionalvibration局部振动············，····································································⋯⋯5.8repetitiveshock,repeatedshock重复性冲击····························································⋯⋯7.13ride乘载特性···································································································⋯⋯3.5ridequality乘载品质··························································································⋯⋯6.6roll滚转·..............................................................................................................4.6Ssegmentalvibration(shock）局部振动（冲击..................................................................5.8segmentalvibrator局部振动器··············································································⋯⋯3.4self-appliedvibration自加振动··············································································⋯⋯3.6self=generatedvibration自生振动，··········································································⋯⋯3.7short-durationacceleration短暂加速度··································································⋯⋯7.20shunt转轨··························，，··········································································⋯⋯4.2side-to-sidevibration侧向振动··············································································⋯⋯4.3sopitesyndrome昏睡综合症·················································································⋯⋯6.7surge波动································，················，·······················，····························⋯⋯4.2sway摇摆·········································································································⋯⋯4,3Ttopicalvibration局部振动····················································································⋯⋯5,8transversevibration横向振动·······················。················································⋯⋯4.2,4.3traumaticvasospasticdisease损伤性血管痉挛症············，···········································，⋯6.9Vverticalvibration垂直振动··················，·············，··，·················，························，··⋯⋯4,4vibration-inducedwhitefinger振动引起的白指································，························⋯⋯6.9vibrationrating振动评估··································。··············································⋯⋯3.10vibration(shock)criterion振动（冲击）准则··········，············，···························，··········一3.9vibration(shock)(impact)tolerance振动（冲击）（撞击）耐限·······································⋯⋯6.8vibration(shock)limit振动（冲击）限度··································································⋯⋯3.8vibrationwhitefinger,VWF振动性白指·，···································，·············，··············⋯⋯6.9vibratorycommunication振动性传输·····································································⋯⋯3.11vibroacoustichabitability振动声学适应性····························································⋯⋯7.17Wweightedacceleration计权加速度············································，···························⋯⋯7.14标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005/ISO5805：1997weightedaccelerationlevel计权加速度级···················································，···········⋯⋯7.14weightedvibration计权振动··············································································⋯⋯7,14weightedvibrationlevel计权振动级·····································································⋯⋯7.14whole-bodyvibration(shock),WBV全身振动（冲击）·····································，··········⋯⋯5.7Xx-axisvibration(shock)x轴振动（冲击》····，····························································⋯⋯4.2Yy-axisvibration(shock)y轴振动（冲击）····，·················································，，··········⋯⋯4.3yaw偏转·········································································································⋯⋯4.8zz-axisvibration(shock)z轴振动（冲击)........................................................................4.4免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005/l:St35805：1997汉英对照索引B暴井时间exposuretime·······，，··，·················································，·············，·······⋯⋯，4.10波动surge·························，·······，·····，······························································⋯⋯4.2C参考姿势referenceposture··············。·····················，············································⋯⋯7.12侧向振动side-to-sidevibration....................................................................................4．3长时jet振动（孟复性冲击）撰礴long-durationvibration(repetitiveshock)exposure·············一7.9乘载品质ridequality·····························，，························································⋯⋯6.6乘载特性ride···································································································⋯⋯3.5重复性冲击repetitiveshock,repeatedshock································，··，························⋯⋯7.13垂直振动verticalvibration········································································．········⋯⋯4.4D等效力矩equivalenttorque.......................................................................................7.18等振感曲线equalvibrationsensationcontour·························································⋯⋯6.2短暂加速度sbort-durationacceleration···················································，·······，·，··，·⋯⋯7.20多轴向旋转振动（冲击）multi-axisrotationalvibration(shock)····································⋯⋯4.9多轴向直线振动（冲击）multidirectionaltranslationalvibration(shock).................................4.5F方向性振动（冲击）directionalvibration(shock)······················································⋯⋯4.1非连续性暴露discontinuousexposure······································‘······························⋯⋯7.7俯仰pitch···············，···············，··············，·································，···········，······，，·⋯⋯4.7C滚转roll············································································，····························⋯⋯4.6H横向振动transversevibration········，，···，···········，····························，·····，···········⋯⋯4.2,4.3昏睡综合症sopitesyndrome·····································································．．⋯⋯，．．．⋯⋯6.7J基本中心坐标系basicentriccoordinatesystem·························································⋯⋯5.1计权加速度weightedacceleration········································································⋯⋯7.14计权加速度级weightedaccelerationlevel··························，····································⋯⋯7.14计权振动weightedvibration....................................................................................7.14计权振动级weightedvibrationlevel·····································································⋯⋯7.14标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005/ISO5805：1997假人dummy····，······················，·······································································⋯⋯5.5间断性暴露interruptedexposure············································································一7.7间接振动indirectvibration·················································································⋯⋯3.3建筑物振动（冲击）buildingvibration(shock)····，··········································，·········⋯⋯3.1接触表面contactsurface·，······················，，·····································，············，·······⋯⋯5.4解剖学坐标系anatomicalcoordinatesystem·····················，·····························，·······，⋯⋯5.2局部振动localvibration················，···································································⋯⋯5.8局部振动：egionalvibration·························································，··············⋯⋯“’一“5,8局部振动topicalvibration·····，···········································································⋯⋯5,8局部振动（冲击）segmentalvibration(shock)················，·····，·····································⋯⋯5.8局部振动器segmentalvibrator...............................................................................‘一“3.4L落脚声footfall··，···········，·················································，·······························⋯⋯3.2M脉冲性振动impulsivevibration··········，································································⋯⋯7.6P碰撞（力）crash(force)...·······························································4····················⋯⋯7.20疲劳与（或）熟练程度降低fatigue/decreasedproficiency················，····························⋯⋯7.1偏转yaw···，······························，，·····························，·······································⋯⋯4.8平卧行ing······································································································⋯⋯7.11Q起伏振动heavevibration····················································································⋯⋯4.4前后振动fore-and-aftvibration···········································································⋯⋯4.2潜伏期latentinterval,latentperiod,latency····························································⋯⋯7.8全身振动（冲击）whole-bodyvibration(shock),WBV·····················，··························⋯⋯5.7R人的代用品humansurrogate···············，······························································⋯⋯7.5人的模拟模型humananaloguemodel·······························，·························，···········⋯⋯7.5人的模拟体humananalogue·······，············，······，············，········································⋯⋯7.5人体测a学假人anthropometricdummy································，············，···················⋯⋯‘5.5人体模型manikin·······························，·······················································，·····⋯⋯5.5人体撞击humanimpact·····························································，·················，····⋯⋯7,20S生物动力学biodynamics·，································，··········，······················，···············⋯⋯5.3适应acclimatization................................................................................................6.3适应adaptation································································································⋯⋯6.3适应habituation·······································，·····················································，··⋯⋯6.3免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)GB/T15619-2005/ISO5805：1997手臂机械阻抗hand-armmechanicalimpedance·························································⋯⋯7.4手臂系统hand-armsystem······································，··························，···············⋯⋯5.6手臂振动hand-armvibration,HAV········································································⋯⋯5.9手臂振动综合症hand-armvibrationsyndrome,HAVS·············································⋯⋯6.10手臂阻抗hand-armimpedance··································································。···········⋯⋯7.4手传振动（冲击）hand-transmittedvibration(shock),HTV··········································⋯⋯5.9舒适comfort···································································································⋯⋯6.1损伤性血管痉挛症traumaticvasospasticdisease······················································⋯⋯6.9T推进力pushingforce··························································································⋯⋯7.3W握力gripforce································································································⋯⋯7.2握压力grippingpressure····································································，···············⋯⋯7.2卧姿recumbent·····························································································⋯⋯7,11X斜靠姿reclining·····························································································⋯⋯7,10x轴振动（冲击）x-axisvibration(shock)........................................................................4.2Y摇摆sway·················，·······，··············································，·············，，··············⋯⋯4.3影响人体的机械振动碎发burstofmechanicalvibrationaffectingman························⋯⋯7.15影响人体的间歇性振动intermittentvibrationaffectingman.............................................7.16晕动病kinetosis·························。··························，······，······，，·······················，····⋯⋯6.4运动病motionsickness·····················································································，·⋯⋯6.4运动病发病率motionsicknessincidence,MSI·························································⋯⋯6.5运动综合症motionsicknesssyndrome...........................................................................6.4y轴振动（冲击）y-axisvibration(shock)······························································，···⋯⋯4.3Z枕骨裸突点occipitalcondylarpoint·····································································⋯⋯7.19振动（冲击）限度vibration(shock)limit·····························，····································⋯⋯3.8振动（；中击）（撞击）耐限vibration(shock)(impact)tolerance················，·····，······，·········⋯⋯6.8振动（冲击）准则vibration(shock)criterion····························································⋯⋯3.9振动评估vibrationrating·····，···········································································⋯⋯3.10振动声学适应性vibroacoustichabitability····，，······················································⋯⋯7.17振动性白指vibrationwhitefinger,VWF·······························································⋯⋯6.9振动性传输vibratorycommunication··································································⋯⋯3.11振动引起的白指vibration-inducedwhitefinger..........................................................·一6.9肢体振动器limbvibrator··············，·····································································⋯⋯34职业性雷诺氏现象Raynaud"sphenomenonofoccupationalorigin·································⋯⋯6.9标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)CB/T15619-2005/1S05805：1997抓握力grippingforce.............................................................................................7.2转轨shunt··························，，······，·······························，···································⋯⋯4.2撞击加速度impactacceleration················，··························································⋯⋯7.20自加振动self-appliedvibration···········································································⋯⋯3.6自生振动self-generatedvibration·························，·················，····，··，···········，········⋯⋯3.7纵向振动longitudinalvibration···································，·································⋯⋯4.2,4.4z轴振动（冲击）z-axisvibration(shock)........................................................................4.4免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载'