GBT16620-1996林木育种及种子管理术语.pdf 36页

'免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)cn%T16620一1996前言为了规范林木育种和种子管理工作术语，避免使用混乱给种子生产和管理造成损失在总结了二卜多年育种及种f-采收、加工、贮藏的下作基础上.参照国外的贯例及习惯用法，制定了本标准。本标准分为两部分，止文部分规定厂种质资源保存、引种、母树林、种子园、遗传测定、杂交育种、无Vii:系选育、良种审定、种子检验、种子处理与催芽等术语。为了查阅方便，附录部分给出了汉语拼音和英文索引本标准的附录A、附录B都是标准的附录本标准山中华人民共和国林业部提出。本标准由全国林木种子标准化技术委员会归口。本标准由中国林科院、北京林业大学、南京林业大学负责起草本标准L要起草人:黄锉、宋廷茂、陈天华、王章荣免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)中华人民共和国国家标准cs/T16620一1996林木育种及种子管理术语Terminologyofforesttreebreedingandseedmanagement1范围本标准规定了林木育种及林木种子管理工作的常用术语。本标准适用于林木种子行业的生产、科研、教学领域。2基本术语2门森林遗传学forestgenetics在遗传学理论指导一「，研究森林树木的遗传变异规律的科学。2.2林木育种foresttreebreeding应用遗传学原理选育和繁殖林木新品种和新的栽植材料的林木遗传改良工作2.3林木改良foresttreeimprovement广义的林木育种。除包括林木育种的内容以外，还包括对现有林木遗传改良等各项管理工作。2.4林木选择育种selectivebreedingofforesttree在林木种内群体中，挑选符合人们需要的群体和个体，通过比较、鉴定.繁育有益的遗传材料，改良林木遗传结构，提高林木遗传品质的育种技术。2.5遗传inheritance;heredity遗传物质从亲代传给子代，使子代的性状与亲代保持相似的现象2.6数量遗传〔tuantitativeinheritance生物群体内表现为连续变异，常用统计学方法进行研究的性状遗传方式2.7遗传物质geneticmaterial以单链或双链脱氧核糖核酸或核糖核酸为组分的遗传信息的载体。2.8基因gene遗传物质的最小功能单位。通常是由特定的核昔酸序列组成的脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)分子链的一定长度的区段。2.9基因型genotype生物体所有遗传的物质基础的总和。在杂交试验和研究中，则专指与分离比或研究性状有关的基因同义词遗传型2.10基因型值genotypevalue从表型值中，除去环缝效应和基因型与环境互作效应后由基因型决定的数值。2.11基因rt9环境互作genotype-environmentinteraction由基因IV和环境互作关系所产生的对表型的影响或效应。2.12表现型phenotype国家技术监督局1996门1一27批准1997一07一01实施标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)Ce/T16620一1996可观察到的生物体所有性状总和是特定的基因型在一定环境条件下的表现。同义词表型2.13表现型值phenotypevalue基因T!值、环境效应值、基因与环境互作效应值的总和，是生物体在环境作用F所观察到的性状度过值。2.14变异variation同种尘物世代间或同代个体间的性状差异2.15地理变异geographicvariation在一个树种的自然分布区域内，由于突变、自然选择和隔离等原因，随地理区域不同而出现的变异。2.16遗传变异geneticvariation由遗传物质改变而产生的变异2.17环境变异environmentalvariation由于环境影响所引起的性状变化。2.18反应规范reactionnorm某一基因型在各种环境中所显示的整个表型变异范围。2.19遗传多态性geneticpolymorphism一个群体中存在二种或多种变异类型的现象。2.20选择selection1个群体中不同基因型产生数量不等的后代，导致群体的基因频率发生变化，群体发生分化的现象。2.21自然选择naturalselection生物界适者生存，不适者淘汰的现象。2.22人f几选择artificialselection以人为力址按需要取舍生物个体或类型的活动2.23群体选择populationselection对种内不同群体进行比较测定，择其优者而利用的人为活动包括种源选择、林分选择和类型选择2.24混合选择massselection.bulkselection根据选择目的和要求，从原始群体中挑选需要的林木，混合采种，混合繁殖推广的选种方法。2.25类M选择typeselection按定标准，如形态、生理、生态、抗性等，将群体区分为类型，并通过比较测定，择其优者而繁育使用的选种方法。226单株选择individualselection根据选择目标，从原始群体中选择所需单株，分别育苗和测定，然后扩大繁殖推广优良个体的选种方法同义同个体选择2.27家系选择familyselection根据子代测定资料，按家系平均表现所进行的选择。2.28家系内选择within-familyselection在家系内.按个体值距家系均值离差大小所进行的选择。即在家系内评选最优个体的选择2-29配合选择combinedselection选择优良家系中优良个体的双重选择。免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/"r16620一19962.30单倍体haploid体细胞中具有配子染色体数的个体2.31多倍体polyploid每个细胞中的染色体具有只组或更多组数的生物。2.32植物组织培养planttissueculture在无菌培养基卜，对植物离体器官、组织或细胞进行培养，以形成再生植株，或培养新的育种材料的生物技术。2.33外植体culturematerial,cultures生长在培养基上的被培养的器官、组织或细胞同义词培养物2.34培养基culturemedium为外植体的生长、发育提供所需的物质基质。2.35遗传I程geneticengineering在体外重新组合脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)分子，并使它们在适当的细胞中增殖的遗传操作。广义的遗传工程还包括细胞水平上的遗传操作，即细胞[程同义词重组体DNA技术勺‘‘︹2C电J勺JC7了U:育种目标breedingobjective根据树种特点、地域条件和经济目的所确定的对育种结果的具体要求。育种程序breedingprocedure从取得和研究育种材料开始，经过选择、测定、繁育，到获得新的林木良种或品种的全部有序过程自了一，JnHU‘林木种子foresttreeseed林业生产中播种材料的总称。包括真正的种子、果实、果实的一部分、种子的一部分、无融合生殖形成的种子。Q‘nZ﹄nUq八吕月咔.J林木种子基地，eedbaseofforesttree提供生产性林木种子的区域或单位。包括林木良种基地和一般采种基地。‘采种林seedstand泛指用于采集林木种子的各种林分。它可以是母树林、种子园，也可以是一般采种林或为应急需临时选定的、暂用于采种的临时采种林等月q勺月﹃月﹃门﹂C了L月ee自/八产﹄‘…遗传增益geneticgain通过选育可能或实际得到的性状改良程度。种子管理seedmanagement种子采集、调制、贮藏、包装、运输、检验、催芽等种子生产、经营和技术管理工作的总称种子管理条例managementrulesofseed国家为管理农、林种子的品种审定和种子鉴定、检验、检疫、生产、加工、贮藏和经营等而制定的法规。2.44育种区breedingzone从组织林水种质资源保存、育种、良种推]’一利用的需要出发按地理生态条件、行政区划和林木遗传资源分布与选育材料测定表现而划分的地域单元。也是开展林木育种工作与良种生产推广的基本单位3种质资源保存与育种材料研究11育种材料breedingmaterial标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)ca/T16620一1996用于选育良种的植物材料。同义词原始材料3-2物种species能相互进行交配、共享相同基因库，井与其它组群在繁殖上分离的、最庞大且范围最广的繁殖群体3-3亚种subspecies占领物种分布区某一地理分区，在分类上及某些基因库特性上，与相同种的其它繁殖群并不相同的一个特定种类的繁殖群体。3.4变种variety分类学卜种以下的分类单位。指某些遗传特性已有别于原来的种，有一定的地理分布，但仍然和原种交流基因，其主要特性仍未超出原种范围的一个群体3-5类型type在一个分类单元内，形态、生理或生态等方面具有一定特点，与其它群体或个体能够区分，且其特点能够遗传的群体或个体。3.6t态型ecotype一个物种内因自然选择而形成的、适应于某一特定有限生境的基因型相似的植物群17地理型geographtype在同一树种的地理分布范围内，根据其地理变异情况，对树木群体所作的分类。18生境habitat特定群体、种或物种组所栖居的环143.9T--态因子ecologicalfactor气候、上壤、生物等影响生物生长发育、形态特征、代谢过程和分布状况的环境条件。3.10适应adaptation生物改变自己，使之能在某一环境中更好生活的过程，或有利于生物生存、繁殖的各种发育上的、行为L的、解剖上的、以及生理L的反应3.11适1,y值adaptivevalue在群体中与其它基因型相比，某一基因型在某一特殊环境中的存活值和繁殖能力，或者一个生物能够生存并把它的基因传给下代的相对能力。同义i司适合度112同工酶isozymes.isoenzymes催化作用相同而分子结构不同的酶3,13染色体组型分析karyotypeanalysis染色体组型是指染色体在有丝分裂中期，染色体数目、大小、形态特征等的表型染色体组型分析J,"_在对染色体进行测fft计约的基础上进行分组、排队、配对、形态分析，借以判别其特点的技术。3.14核型图idiogram以染色体形态学特征，比较各种物种和变种染色体组型的图解。115种质germplasm在物种繁衍过程中，从亲代传递给子代的遗传物质116种质资源germplasmresources在自然演变过程中形成的，能在一定环境作用下，通过世代演替传递给后代.并发育为具有各种性状特征生物的可遗传的物质资源的总称。117林木种质资源thetreegermplasmresources林木种、种以下分类单位及各个具有不同遗传基础，当前或未来可能用于树种改良或营林生产的免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/T16620一1996林木个体或群体的总称。同义词林木基因资源，林木遗传资源118林木种质资源库thebankoftreegermplasmresources收集和保存林木种质资源的场所。3.19优树收集区clonebanks集中收集、保存优树材料，进行遗传育种研究的场地。3.20育种材料收集区bankofbreedingmaterials集中收集、保存育种材料，进行遗传育种研究的场所。与优树收集区的不同点在于收集、保存材料的范围更宽，除优树之外，一切有用的遗传材料，均包括在收集和保存的范围之内。3.21野生树种wildspecies尚未被人类栽培利用、而靠自然繁衍维持生存的树种。3.22栽培树种cultivatedspecies已被人工栽培利用的树种。栽培时间应在两个世代以上。3.23珍贵树种preciousspecies有特殊经济或科研价值的树种。3.24稀有树种rarespecies单型科、单型属或少种属的树种，或分布区域狭窄，或分布区域虽广，但零星残存的树种3.25濒危树种endangeredspecies分布范围狭窄、生境条件恶化、繁殖力低或由于人为破坏利用，数量减少，处于近亲繁殖状况的濒于灭绝的树种。3.26原境保存，nsituconservation不加变动的在原地保存种质资源的保存方法。3.27异境保存‘二，ituconservation在原生地以外栽培的种质资源保存方法。同义同迁地保存3.28离体保存i，vitropreservation在人工控制条件下，贮存离开母体的林木种子、花粉及芽、根、条等的种质资源保存方法。3.29随机交配群体randommatingpopulation凭机遇自由传粉繁殖后代的群体这种群体，在没有迁移、突变和选择的情况下，基因频率和基因型频率世代相传而不变化3.30基因库genepool一个随机交配的林木群体中，由全部个体全部基因所编码的总的遗传信息。3.31基本群体basepopulation供育种_L作选择使用的林木群体。在树木改良的第一代，基本群体通常是由天然林或未经改良的人工林树木组成。在后继世代中，基本群体往往是由前一代选择出的亲本产生的后代(通常为遗传测定林)组成。同义词选择群体3.32育种群体breedingpopulation从基本群体中选出的，由具有所需性状特点的树木组成的，可作为下一代育种亲本的亚群体。通常每一世代的育种群体中，包括200或更多的入选树。3.33生产群体productionpopulation从育种群体强度选择出，由优良基因型组成的为造林繁殖种子或无性繁殖材料的群体。标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/T16620一、9964种源研究与林木引种4.1树种分布区distributionareaoftreespecies每一树种的全部个体在自然界所占有的地域。按分布区状况可分为连续分布区和间断分布区;按起源可分为夭然分布区和栽培分布区;按分布空间可分为水平分布区和垂直分布区4.2群体population一个物种在一定地理范围内享有共同基因库并能相互杂交的个体的总和同义词种群4.3连续分布continuousdistribution个物种或种以卜分类单位的分布连成·片，而无间断的状态4,4不连续分布discontinuousdistribution一个物种或种以卜分类单位的分布区呈不连续的间断状态。同义词间断分布4.5群体变异populationvariation在同一物种内.由于基因频率和基因型频率的变化，以及由不同交配所带来的群体间的差异。4.6渐变群cline基因型或其表型特征依地理分布逐渐改变的群体4.7种子产地seedsource泛指种子的采集地4.8种源provenance取得种子或其它繁殖材料的原产地理区域4.9种源试验provenancetrial对同种不同种源的树木的种子或其它繁殖材料，进行造林对比，以研究种群变异规律，选择适宜产地种子用之于生产的试验。同义词产地试验4.9.1全分布区种源试验wholerangeprovenancetrial在树木分布区全范围内，设点采样，进行种源试验研究通常在一个树种的第一次种源试验时采用。4.9.2局部分布区种源试验partialrangeprovenancetrial从己证明种子遗传品质优良的一些地区，加密设点采样，进行种源试验以寻找具有最好种质资源的地段或林分。通常在全分布区种源试验之后进行4.10种源区provenancezone在经过种源试验.掌握了长要性状地理变异规律的基础上，将种的分布范围按性状变异状况所划分的若「种群区域4.11种源选择provenanceselection用种源试验方法，选择适应性强、遗传增益高的种源，利用于生产。4.12乡土树种indigenoustreespecies在自然分布范围以内的当地原产树种P1义1}]本地种4.13外来树种。xottc,在自然分布区以外引种栽培、繁衍的树种。4.14林木引种introductionofexotictreespecies选择利用外来树种的驯化、栽培工作。免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)cs/T16620一19964.15引种程序procedureofintroduction从选择引种材料，到进行引种试验、研究驯化培育措施，直至成为当地的栽培树种的全部过程。4.16TII化domestication通过二一定措施，使外来树种适应本地环境，或使本地野生种适应栽培条件的人为干预过程。5林分选择与母树林5512母树林seedproductionstand在优良夭然林或确知种源的优良人工林的基础上，通过留优去劣的疏伐，为生产遗传品质较好的林木种子而营建的采种林分采种母树treeforseedcollection按照需要选定的、供采种子用的树木5.3优良木superiortree在林分内生长健壮、品质良好、结实正常，在同龄中树高通常大于林分平均值的5%以七，胸径大于林分平均值的20%以上的树木。5455中等木:ntermediatetree在林分内介于优良木和劣等木之间的林木。劣等木inferiortree在林分内生长不良，形质低劣或感染病虫较重的林木。在同龄中材积常在林分平均值的80%以下5.6优良林分superiorstand,superiorplantation在同等立地下，速生、优质、结实、抗性等方面优于同龄林分，通常自然稀疏或疏伐，优良木可占林内绝对优势，能完全排除不良木和绝大部分中等木的林分。575.8中等林分:ntermediatestand介于优良林分和劣等林分之间的林分。劣等林分inferiorstand与同等立地、同等林龄的林分相比，生长、材质、抗性等处于劣势，优良木和中等木林冠郁闭度在0.2以下的林分。5.9优良林分选择selectionofsuperiorstand在天然林或人工林分中，依据林分的实际状况，比较各林分的优劣，将符合优良林分标准的林分筛选出来利用的群体选择工作6优树选择6162个体变异individualvariation在群体中，年龄、性别或生长发育期以外原因引起的个体间的差异。优树superior.plustree在生长址、树形、抗性或在其它性状上，显著地优越于周围林木的树木6.3优树选择selectionofplustree依据规定的标准和方法，在适合的林分中，选择符合要求的优良树木的株选工作.同义词选优6465表型选择phenotypicselection仅根据树木表型观测值进行的选择选择标准selectioncriteria在育种工作中，选择目标规定的各个目的性状优良程度的最低指标。标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)Gs/"r16620一19966.6选择指数selectionindex多个性状综合选择的指标。6.7候选树。andidatetree评选优树时，待选的、表型良好的树木。6.8对比树comparison,checktrees在候选树同一林分的一定范围内，生长、立地和树龄相同或接近，在评选优树时，作为比较对象的仅次十候选树的优势木。6.9优势木比较法dominanttreecomparisonmethod以优势木为对比树的选优方法6.10基准线选优法standardbaselineselectionmethod以预先拟订好的基本标准作为比较对象的选优方法。又分回归线法与固定标准法两种.6.11标准地法选优plustreeselectionbysampleplotmethod以标准地平均值作为比较对象的选优方法6.12单性状选择singlecharacterselection根据单一目标性状的优劣而作的选择。6.13多性状选择multiplecharacterselection同时按多个目标性状进行的选择。6.14直接选择directselection直接根据目标性状进行的选择。具体方法有单性状选择法、独立淘汰选择法和指数选择法。6.15I"aJ接选择indirectselection根据与目标性状相关的性状进行的选择同义词相关选择6.16性状。haracter,trait生物体的形态特征或生理、生态特性的总称。6.16.1遗传性状heritablecharacter在生物体的世代繁衍中，受遗传物质支配而发育成的一切性状的总称。6.16.2数址性状quantitativecharacter有个群体内，各个体间的差异呈连续状态，没有明显界限，只能用数量表示的性状。6.16.3质量性状qualitativecharacter差异界限明显，不用数量即可区分识别的遗传性状。6.17性状相关correlationbetweencharactersti个体发育中.生物体不同性状间伴随出现的现象。包括遗传相关和表型相关6.17.1表型相关phenotypiccorrelation{E尚未判明是否为遗传相关时.对生物性状伴随出现现象的泛称表示性状表型值之间同时变化的程度。6.17.2遗传相关geneticcorrelation指同一个体两个性状的育种值之间的相关。它等于两性状的遗传协方差与各性状遗传标准差乘积之比6.18选择率、electionproportion中选个体数占供选林木群体总株数的比例。同义词入选率6.19选样差selectiondifferential中选个体某一性状的平均值与整个群体同一性状平均值之间的差值。免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/T16620一19966.20选择强度selectionindensity以标准差为单位的选择差。6.21选择响应selectionresponse中选个体群的子代平均表型值距整个群体平均表型值的差数。6.22选择系数selectioncoefficient用以测量某一基因型在群体中不利于生存程度的数值。6.23选择压selectionpressure在若千世代中，自然选择使群体遗传组成发生改变的效能。7遗传测定7.1遗传测定genetictest对表型人选的材料以按一定交配方式取得种子，或者以其营养繁殖取得的材料建立测定林，借以评定所选材料遗传品质的试验研究。前者为子代测定，后者为无性系测定。同义词表型测定7.2子代测定progenytest用不同亲本子代进行田间对比试验，并根据其性状表现，评价亲本遗传价值与遗传参数的试验研究工作同义词后代测定7.3交配设计matingdesign以测定优树遗传品质为目的而制定的各种交配制种方式。分为单亲谱系交配设计和双亲谱系交配设计。7.3门单亲谱系交配设计incompletepedigreematingdesign仅知母本的交配设计方式能获得一般配合力的数据，常用的方法有自由授粉交配设计、多系混合花粉交配设计等同义词不完全谱系交配设计7.3.2自由授粉交配设计matingdesignofopenpollination利用中选亲本自由授粉子代作为试验材料的一种交配设计。7.3.3多系交配设计polycrossmatingdesign对待测的每个无性系用本系以外的许多其它无性系(通常为10-2o个)花粉混合授粉的一种交配制种设计。同义词多系混合花粉交配设计7.3.4双亲谱系交配设计completepedigreematingdesign确知其父母双亲的交配制种设计方式常用的设计方式有双列交配设计、循环单交设计和分组不连续半双列交配设计。同义词完全谱系交配设计7.3.5单交设计，inglepairmatingdesign在一个育种群体中，每一个亲本只允许和另一个亲本交配的设计。7.3.6测交系交配设计testerstrainmatingdesign在待测亲本群体中，选出若干个父本和待测母本相互交配制种设计方式。7.3.7巢式交配设计nestedmatingdesign将待测亲本分为若干组，在组内每个母本只能交配一次。而父本可以同每个母本交配的一种设计I司义词群状交配设计标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)Ga/T16620一19967.3.8全双列交配设计completedialletmatingdesign供试的每个亲本进行正交、反交及自交的所有可能交配的设计方式7.3·9半双P9交配设计half-diallelmatingdesign只做全双列交配设计中亲本的正交组合，不包括自交和反交的交配设计方式。7.3.10分组不连续半双PI交配设计disconnectedhalfdiallalmatingdesign将待测亲本分成若干组群，在每个组群中，亲本之间作半双列交配的交配设计方式。7.3.11部分双列交配设计partialdiallelmatingdesign不按双列交配的作法作系统交配，而只在部分亲本间进行交配的类交配设计方式7.4无性系测定clonaltest通过田间试验，比较无性系间遗传差异的试验研究工作7.501I"n]试验设计designoffieldexperiment按数理统计的原理和方法，将试验处理合理地布置于田间的各种计划。7.6对照control.check试验中用于校准环境变异，衡量参试材料目标性状表现优劣的基准处理常以CK表示。7.7保护行guardrow为减少环境对试验区域边缘的影响，避免生物对试验材料的损害，而在试验区周围同时种植的若干行同种的树木。7.8钡1定林testplantation为对所选优树或其它育种材料进行遗传品质评估而建立的试验林。7.8.1子代测定林progenytestplantation为对所选定的优树进行遗传品质和配合力评价，用优树控制授粉或自由授粉的种苗建立的、供比较测定用的试验林。7.8.2无性系测定林ctonaltestplantation为测定各无性系的遗传品质及利用价值而建立的测定林。7.9幼成年相关juvenile-maturecorrelation某些性状幼年期与成年期的相关关系。同义词早晚相关7.10早期测定earlytest根据树木早期的生长、形态、生理及生化等表现，推测其成熟龄表现的预估工作同义词性状预测7.11现实增益realized-gain被测的家系或无性系某个性状的平均值实际高于对照的百分比。7.12遗传力heritability性状受遗传控制的程度。或者说是群体某一性状的遗传方差在表型方差中所占的比例。有广义遗传力与狭义遗传力之分。遗传方差与表型方差之比，叫广义遗传力(broadsenseheritability),加隆遴传方差与表型方差之比，叫狭义遗传力(narrowsenseheritability)7.13配含力。ombiningability在·定的交配系统中，一个亲本将其优良性状传递给后代的相对能力。在林木育种中，常以杂种一代的产从表现作为度敏配合力的依据。配合力分为一般配合力和特殊配合力。7.13.1一般配合力generalcombiningability在一定的交配系统中，一个亲本与其它各亲本交配所得的子代性状的平均表现。常用GCA表刁凡7.13.2特殊配合力specialcombiningability免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/T16620一1996两个特定亲本交配，其子代性状表现的平均值与两个亲本一般配合力的离差。常用SCA表示7.14重复j7repeatability指个体在不同次生产周期中，某一数量性状的表型值可能重复的程度。7.15精选树elitetree通过遗传测定，证实是基因型优良、配合力良好的优树8种子园8.1种子园seedorchard是用优树无性系或家系按设计要求营建、实行集约经营、以生产优良遗传品质和播种品质种子为目的的特种人工林。8.2无性系clone由同1原株营养繁殖产生的植株总和8.3家系family同一植株(或无性系)的自由授粉子代，或双亲控制授粉产生的子代总和。前者称半同胞家系，后者称全同胞家系8-4无性系(家系)配置clone(family)layout无性系(家系)在种子园小区中的位置安排8.5选型交配assortativemating非随机交配方式的总称8.6随机交配randommating,panmixia群体中的任何一个个体，可以机会均等的和另外任何一个个体交配的交配类型。8.7远交outbreeding,crossbreeding与“近交”相对，指遗传上没有亲缘关系的生物个体间的杂交。8.8近交inbreeding指近亲交配。如同一家系内不同个体间的交配。8.9花粉云pollencloud在树木盛开期，林地上空随气流而浮游的大量花粉8.10邻域neighbourhood群体中个体有效随机交配的范围。8.11花粉隔离带pollenisolationzone为减少或避免种子园受外来花粉的污染，在种子园周围设置的隔离外源花粉的地带。8.12无性系种子园clonalseedorchard用营养繁殖方法营建的种子园。8.12.1第一代无性系种子园firstgenerationclonalseedorchard由未经遗传测定的优树无性繁殖苗木营建的种子园。同义词初级种子园8.12.2第一代无性系去劣种子园firstgenerationroguedclonalseedorchard在第一代无性系种子园基础上，经过淘汰遗传品质低劣、开花结实习性不符合要求的无性系或其部分植株的种子园。8.12.3第一代改良无性系种子园firstgenerationimprovementclonalseedorchard经第一代优树子代测定确认遗传品质优良，开花结实习性符合要求的无性系营建的种子园同义词第，代生产性种子园;(f.5代种子园)8.12.4第二代无性系种子园clonalseedorchardofsecondgeneration278标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/T16620一1996由优树子代林中选择优良家系中的优良单株，通常营养繁殖营建的种子园。8.12.5改良代(高世代)种子园advanced-generationseedorchard种子园发展到第二代以后，各个世代种子园的泛称。包括第二代、第三代乃至第a代种子园。8.12.6滚动式种子园:ollingseedorchard(rollingblock)建园材料不拘干某个世代，而是在前期种子园的基础上，保留经过遗传测定证实优异的，淘汰相形见劣的，补充新鲜的建园材料，在相邻地段建立新的种子生产区。这样不断向前滚动和发展的种子园，称滚动式种子园8,12.7杂种种子园hybridseedorchard用遗传品质好、遗传基础不同的两个或两个以上的栽植材料营建的、以生产具有杂种优势林木种f-为目的的种子园。8.13实生种子园seedlingseedorchard由优树自由授粉种子或控制授粉种子培育苗木营建的种子园。8.14辅助授粉supplementalmasspollination(SMP)收集目的树木花粉，在不去雄、不套袋的情况下，以人为方法将花粉加于接受花粉植株受体的人为补充授粉的方法。常用SNIP表示。9杂交育种与抗性育种9.1杂交hybridization4因型不同的生物体间相互交配在林木育种中，通常指种间、亚种间、品种间、变种间的交配。9.2杂交育种hybridizationbreeding通过杂交、培育、鉴定和选择，选育新品种的过程。9.3有性杂交sexualhybridization基因型不同的生物体通过生殖细胞的结合而产生后代的一种杂交方式。9.4人工杂交artificialcrossing在人为控制下的杂交9.5亲代parentgeneration子代的双泞;9.6亲本parent参与交配过程的父本和母本的总称9.6.1ltk本femaleparent参与交配的雌性亲本常用符号表示9.6.2父本mateparent参与交配的雄性亲本常用符号全表示。9.7杂交组合hybridmatch指杂交双亲的组合与配W，如黑杨x小叶杨等，有时也简称为组合。9.8种内杂交intraspecificcrossing同一种的生物个体间相互交配。9.9种间杂交、nterspecificcrossing同属不同种的生物个体间的交配9.10属lyl杂交、ntergenericcrossing同科下同属的生物个体之间的交配9.11远缘杂交distanthybridization种以卜分类单位的个体间的杂交，如种间杂交、属间杂交等。27s免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/T16620一19969.12复合杂交multiplecross简称“复交”。指采用两个以上亲本，进行两次或两次以上的杂交。如(AXB)XC,[(AXB)XCIX1),(AXB)X(CXD)等。9.13渐渗杂交。ntrogressionhybridization自然界中由于连续杂交，一个种的基因逐渐介入到另一个种的现象9.14回交backcross使杂种子)代再与亲本之一杂交。9.15受精选择性selectivefertilization,certation在混合授粉情况下，其卵细胞或胚珠有选择地与最合适的精子结合的现象。9.16自花不孕性self-sterility在自然条件下，以本株或同一无性系的其它分株花粉授粉时，不能受精、结实的现象。9.17远缘杂交不孕性distanthybridization-sterility在远缘杂交时，由于亲缘关系太远，配子间不相适应，导致不能正常受精，胚胎不能正常发育的现象。9.18远缘杂种不育性distanthybridsterility亲缘关系较远的生物个体杂交所得的杂种，由于其生理功能不协调，繁殖系统受扰乱而不能"If殖后代或繁殖力很低的现象。9.19混合授粉mixedpollination将几种不同种、品种或无性系的花粉，混合授予母本柱头的授粉。9.20tJJ枝杂交cuttingcross采取亲本花枝在室内培养，并进行人工控制授粉，以获得杂种种子的杂交方式。9.21花期不遇floweringasynchronism亲本因花期不同步而不能进行传粉受精的现象。9.22花期调整anthesisregulation使雌花的适宜受粉时期与雄花大量撒粉时期取得一致而采取的技术措施。9.23去雄emasculation在两性花植物中通过人为的方法，将母本植株的雄蕊去除或杀死。9.24控制授粉controlledpollination按预定计划将目的花粉授予母本的授粉技术。包括去雄、套袋隔离和授粉三个环节9.25杂交种hybrid由基因IM不同的亲本交配所产生的子代。简称“杂种”9.26杂种优势heterosis两个基因型不同的个体杂交产生的杂种，在个别性状或综合性状上，比其双亲优越的现象。9.27显性性状dominantcharacter具有相对性状的两倍体植物，在杂合状态时表现出某一个亲本的性状，这个性状称为显性性状扮性还可分为不完全显性、镶嵌显性、共显性等。9.28杂种生境hybridhabitat杂种优势表现所需要的环境条件。9.29抗性resistance泛指树木对一切不利生态因子，如病虫害、高低温、干旱、盐碱、污染等的承受和适应能力。9.30抗性育种resistancebreeding选育具有抗性的群体、家系或无性系的育种工作9.31有性繁殖sexualreproduction标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/"r16620一1996通过两性生殖细胞结合产生新个体的繁殖方式9.32育种值breedingvalue即基因加睦效应。理论卜为其所携基因的平均效应之和。其数值是该个体与一些从群体随机抽取的个体交配时.其f代平均值距其群体平均值的平均离差的两倍。1Q无性系选育与营养繁殖10无比系选择。lonalselection选择优良个体，形成尤性系，经过无性系测定评选出优良的无性系的过程。月﹄曰，.︺1.L无性系育种clonalbreeding在天然群体或人仁选育的杂合群体等的基础卜，通过选择和无性系测定选育出优良无性系，并以无性繁殖方式推广利用的育种技术。月nqes.U奋︺无性系原株octet繁殖成无性系的原始植株。月n月.U﹃胜:无性系分株ramet由无性系原株开始，以无性繁殖方式所得到的各个植株。月﹄1L.J1无性系品种clonalvariety通过无性系选育而来.并用无性繁殖方法繁殖的品种。包括由一个无性系构成的单一无性系品种，和由多个无性系构成的复合品种。内八﹃卜esU.奋︺采穗[M]cuttingorchard提供优良穗条的母本种植园。J八，IU了.无性系繁殖轮次clonereproductioncycle从原株汗始采集营养繁殖材料繁衍无性系分株的次数。由原株分生的个体，为第一轮次，从第一轮次无性系分株上采集营养繁殖材料繁生的个体，为第二轮次，等等。气︸1]n.O.户.无性繁殖asexualpropagation不经过生殖细胞结合，由亲体直接产生新个体的繁殖方式。包括分裂繁殖、抱子繁殖、出芽繁殖、营养繁殖等J﹄日QI.口营养繁殖vegetativepropagation指用植物营养器官，如根、茎、叶、芽等营养体进行繁殖的繁殖方式林业仁的无性繁殖，通常即为营养繁殖。闷几1n.曰es户…U成熟效应cyclophysis,matureeffect指树木的无性繁殖能力随着树龄增加而下降的情况同义词老化效应月n1魂.esU.‘位段效应topophysis.positioneffect指树木在营养繁殖中，穗条来源的部位不同，形成的新植株表现出斜向生长的现象jn1勺ll曰t幼化处理rejuvenize使繁殖材料保持和回复幼化状态的技术处理门八1l才.曰J.…4条fecundoutgrowth供作插穗、压条、埋条等繁殖方法使用的茎条或根条jn1月.月UH插穗cutting将枝条、苗干等种条截制成段，用于插条育苗和分殖造林，这种扦插材料，称插穗同义词插条月C1Lt..曰中种恨fecundroot供繁殖使用的根段免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/T16620一199610.16嫁接grafting将一个植株的芽或短枝(接穗)移接到另一带根系植株的茎干或根段砧木上，使两者形成新的植株的营养繁殖技术。10.17接穗scion嫁接时接在砧木上的枝或芽10.18砧木stock嫁接时，承接接穗或接芽的部分，并带有自身根系的植株或根。10.19矮化砧dwarfstock在嫁接繁殖中，能使树体矮小，利于早实丰产，方便经营管理的砧木。10.20嫁接亲和力graftingcompatibility在嫁接繁殖中，接穗与砧木愈合和接株正常生长发育的程度。10-21枝接stemgrafting用带芽枝条做接穗的嫁接方法。具体方法有切接、劈接、靠接、腹接、舌接、皮下接等。10.22切接cutgrafting枝接的一种常用方法。特点是在砧木截断面的一边，在形成层紧靠木质部的部位切出接口，把接穗削出的形成层部位的切面与之紧贴，使砧木与接穗的形成层密接10.23髓心形成层对接pith-cambiumpairinggrafting枝接的一种。是使接穗的髓心与砧木形成层相对而愈合形成结合株的嫁接方法。多用于针叶树种的嫁接。10.24针叶束嫁接brachyblastgrafting在松树中利用一、二年生枝上的针叶束(短枝)作接穗的嫁接方法。10.25芽接budgrafting用枝条上芽作接穗的嫁接技术。常用的方法有丁字形芽接、方块芽接和套接等。10.26嫁接苗graftings用嫁接方法培育出的苗木。11品种比较试验与良种审定11.1原种stock通过人工选育的、经济性状优良、遗传型稳定、有利用价值，用于扩大繁殖的材料。原种通过良种繁育，在生产上推广利用，就成为品种。11.2品系strain起源于共同的祖先而具有特定基因型和表型的一个群体。品系的生产利用价值尚未肯定，一般用编号表示。经过比较鉴定，优良者繁殖推广后，可成为品种11.3品种breed,variety经人工选育，能适应一定自然环境和栽培条件，遗传性状稳定一致，在产品数量和质量上，符合要求，并作为生产资料使用的栽培植物群体。11.4品种比较试验breedtest,varietytest在一定范围内，进行多品种的比较和鉴定，以确定其推广利用价值的试验11.5区域试验regionaltest在品种或林木良种投入生产使用以前，确定其适生地域、适用价值和推广范围的多地域的比较试验。11.6良种繁育multiplicationofimprovedmaterial由原种扩大旗殖为品种的过程。在林业实践中，把繁殖推广经济性状有不同程度提高的材料，也标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/T16620一1996称良种繁育。母树林、种子园、采穗圃是良种繁育的基本形式。11.7地方品种localvarlety，localbrecd八:’与地的自然和栽培条件F，经长期选择培育而形成的品种11.8综合品种synthetl。varlet、es根据配合力测定选出的有限数目的亲本之间自由授粉得到的良种。11·9品种退化variotydegeneration，breeddegeneration在生产栽培过程中，品种的适应性、质量、产量逐年下降的现象。1110种子区、eed乙one一个树种分布区内，生态条件和林木遗传特性基本相似的地域单元。也是用种的基本单位。111飞种子亚区、。d二b一zone在一个种子区内，为控制用种需要所划分的种子区的次级单位。11.12林木良种、。p「ovedmatorialo‘foresttree通过试验和鉴定，证明在·定造林区域内，其产量、质量、适应性、抗性等方面明显优于当前主载材料的繁殖材料。11.13良种认定recognitlonofimprovedmaterial经选育而来的优良种植材料，在未经良种鉴定评价以前，暂时确认其价值及其推广应用区域的变通程序11.14良种审定registrationofimprovedmaterial对通过良种鉴定的良种，依其区域试验和生产试验情况，进行审查评价。确定其推广价值和适应范围的管理程序12种子产t预测与种子采集12.1树木发育周期developrnontalcycleoftree树木在整个生命过程中，由卵细胞受精后形成合子，经过种子时期、幼年时期、青年时期、成年时期、老年时期、直到植株死亡为止的发育过程。12·2树木年发育周期yearlydevelopmentalcycleoftree在一年之中.随着季节的变化.树木经发芽、放叶、开花、结实、芽分化和形成顶芽等年复一年的发育过程。12·3林木结实treeseedbearing木本植物孕育果实、种子的过程。林木是多年生多次开花结实的植物，在一年中，最初为营养生长，到一定年龄后才具繁殖能力，以后年复一年地进行开花结实，直至衰老死亡12‘4丰年burnperyear林木大址结实的年份丰年种子产量高，质量好，采种费用也低同义词种子年;大年12.5歉年of王year林木结实星小的年份。歉年的种子产童低，质量差，采种费用也高。同义1司结实小年12.6全占实周期seed一bearinginterval两个相邻丰年间隔的年限。同义词结实间隔期12.7结实周期性seed一bearlngperiod、city林术结实丰年和歉年交替出现的现象卜劝义词大小年现象免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/"r16620一199612,8形态成熟morphologicalmaturity果实具有成熟时的正常大小和颜色，种皮坚硬致密，种子含水率较低，内部营养物质转化为难溶状态时，称为形态成熟12.9生理成熟physiologicalmaturity种皮松软，含水率较高，内部营养物质积累到一定程度，种子具有发芽能力时，称生理成熟。12.10后熟after-ripening有些树木(如银杏、冬青、尖叶械等)的种子，外部形态虽已具有成熟特征，但种胚尚未发育完全，不具备发芽能力，需在脱离母体后，在适宜条件下，逐渐达到生理成熟的过程。12.11物候观测phenologicalobservation对生物各种物候现象的观察和记载。如对树木的发芽、开发、结实、落叶等发生时期所进行的观测12.12种子产量预测seedproductionpredicting对采种林的种子产量所作的估测。12.13H测法visualevaluation在杂种林内，随机抽样，目估林木开花结实状况，用以预测种子产量等级的方法。同义词物候学法12.14标准地法evaluationbysampleplot在采种林内设置标准地，实M}11种子产量，推算单位面积和全林种子产量的方法通常标准地内应包括有200株左右的采种林木。12.15平均标准木法averagesampletreedeterminationmethod在采种林内选择有代表性的地段设标准地，在标准地内选出有代表性的林木若干株，调查其结实觉.再以此推算全林分结实量的方法12.16标准枝法samplebranchevaluation选择一定数量有代表性的枝条，计算平均1m长果实数，用以预测种子产量等级的方法。12.17可91半面树冠球果估M111法cropevaluationbycountingconesinvisiblecrown把一定数览有代表性的采种林木可见半面树冠果实数，作为产量指标，据以推算单位面积和全林分种子产量的方法12.18球果切开法。onecutting把一定数员有代表性的球果纵切面上饱满种子数，作为预测每公顷和全林分种子相对产量的一种方法。常与其它预测方法结合运用。12.19种子采集seedcollection根据种子产量预测结果，选择采种林分，确定采种期和采种方法，并组织种子采收的生产活动。同义词采种12.20种子登记证seedcertificatei己载采种林的类别、树种、产地、种批号、采种林的立地条件、采集时间、采种方法、种子调制和贮藏方法、种子各项品质指标等信息的档案材料12.21种子标签seedlabel附t+:容9内外表明该批种子属性的标志物。内容包括:树种、产地、种批号、重量飞采种日期、签证机关、签证人、签发日期等。13种子调制、精选与贮藏13.1种子调制，eedprocessing采种后对果实和种子进行的脱粒、净种和种粒分级等技术措施的总称。标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)Gs/"r16620一199613.2种子干燥seedseasoning使球果干燥、脱粒和降低种子含水量的过程。13.2.1自然干燥naturalseasoning利用自然条件使球果和果实干燥脱粒和降低种子含水量的方法。有晒于法和阴干法两种。13-2.2人L下燥artificialheateddrying以人为加热措施使球果或果实干燥脱粒和降低种子含水量的方法。13-2.3球果千燥室conedryingchamber利用人工加热使球果千燥、脱粒的工作室。13.3种子精选seedcleaning利用风选、浮选、筛选等方法，清除种子中各种杂物和空瘪粒的工作13.3.1风选winnowing利用风力净种的方法13.3.2筛选、creemng利用孔径大小不同的筛子净种的方法13.3.39i?选flotation利用液体的浮力和种子间、种子和夹杂物间比重不同而净种的方法13.4硬粒hardseed种皮致密、不易吸水、难于发芽的种粒。常见于刺槐、相思树等豆科树种的种子13.5涩粒seedfilledwithtannin-likesubstances雌配f-体受精后败育、种腔内积累单宁类物质，外形正常，但无发芽能力的种粒13.6种子贮藏seedstorage创造适宜条件存放种子，以保持其初始活力的措施。13.6.1干藏drystorage在卜燥的环境条件卜贮藏充分于燥种子的方法13-6.2普通干藏conventionaldrystorage用非密闭的容器贮藏于燥纯净种子的方法。13.6.3密封干藏sealedstorage用密闭容器，并采取控湿措施贮藏经过精选和充分干燥种子的方法13-6.4湿藏wetstorage在低温(·般0-5C).湿润(间层物含水量为饱和含水量的60肠左右)和通气条件「贮藏种子的方法。有坑藏、堆藏、窖藏等13-6.5流水贮藏runningwaterstorage湿藏法之一种。将种子装在竹篓内或麻袋中，然后放入流水中湿藏种子的一种特殊贮藏方法。此法适用于橡栋类种子13.71"E"f.安全含水量seedsafetymoisturecontent种子安全贮藏所必需的含水率。14种子检验14.1种批seedlot种源相同，采种年份相同、播种品质均匀一致，种子重量不超过一定限额的同一树种的一批种子。叨14.2样ucsample检验种批品质，按规定程序抽取的具有代表性的种子。14.2.1初次样品primarysample免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/T16620一1996从种批的一个部位随机抽取的一小部分种子。14-2.2混合样品compositesample从同一种批中抽取的全部初次样品充分混合而组成的样品。混合样品的重量不能小干送检样品重量的十倍。14-2.3送检样品submittedsample按照国家标准规定的分样方法和重量，从混合样品中抽取部分寄送到种子检验站的样品。送检样品的重量以千粒重为基础而规定为:小粒和特小粒种子至少要相当10000粒种子的重量14-2.4测定样品warkingsample从送检样品中分出供实验室内测定某项品质指标而用的样品。14.3分样sampling从混合样品中分取送检样品或从送检样品中分取测定样品的过程。方法有分样器法、四分法、点取法等同义词取祥;抽样14.3.1分样器法dividermethod用分样器按规定程序分取样品的方法。14.12四分法maunalhalting;diagonalmethod用分样板分样的一种方法。其特点是将混合样品或送检样品摊成正方形。用分样板沿两对角线把种子划分为四份。除去两相对三角形的种子，再把剩下种子充分混合，依次继续划分直到所余种子为所需的数量为止同义词对角线法;十字区分法14-3.3点取法spoonsampling从送检样品中分取测定样品的一种方法。特点是将送检样品摊成正方形，用取样匙在均匀分布的ls-z0个点上取出所需的种子量。14.4种子品质seedquality种子优劣程度的各项指标的统称。有遗传品质和播种品质两个方面。通常是指播种品质而言14.5纯净种子pureseed完整的、发育正常的种子，发育不完全的种子和不能识别出的空粒，以及虽已破口或发芽，但仍具发芽能力的种子。14.6净度purity纯净种子重量占测定样品各成分的总重量的百分率。14.7种子检验seedtesting对种子播种品质的技术鉴定。14.8千粒重onethousand-seedweight1000粒气干纯净种子的重量，以克表示14.9发芽率germinationpercentage在规定条件和时期内，正常发芽粒数占供测定种子总粒数的百分率。同义词实验室发芽率14.10绝对发芽率absolutegerminationpercentage在规定的条件和时期内，正常发芽的种子总数占供测定的饱满种子总粒数的百分率。14.11平均发芽时间meantimetogermination(MTG)种子发芽所需的平均时间，一般用日表示。14.12种子活力seedvigo(u)r指在广泛的田间条件下种子本身具有的决定其快速而整齐发芽及发育成正常苗的潜力。标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/T16620一199614.13种子生活力seedviability(l适宜的条件下，种子潜在的发芽能力14.14种子f尤良度seedsoundness说明种子优劣程度的指标。根据种子外观和内部状况，判断种子的优劣程度。14.15种f-含水率seedmoisturecontent种子含水量占种子重址的百分率。表示方法有湿基含水率和干基含水率两种14.16生产适用率pureliveseedvalue(PLS)有发芽能力的纯净种子百分率。一般根据种子净度和发芽率计算，其数量为两者的乘积，以百分数表不14.17种子质址等级seedqualitygrade根据种子品质指标对林木种子质量所作的分级。14.1B种子f中裁检验seedrefereetest上一级检验机构对种子质量检验结果正确与否所作的裁决性检验。14.19种子认证seedcertification山专门机构对种子的名称、种源、性状、品质等提供证明的工作。巧种子处理与催芽巧门种f-休眠,seeddormancy其有生命力的种子，由于种皮障碍、种胚尚未成熟或种子存有抑制物质等原因，在适宜萌发条件「也不能萌发的现象15,2种子处理seedtreatment播种前对种子进行物理、化学和生物等方法的处理措施的总称15.3没种、eedsoaking用水或某此溶液在播种之前浸泡种子，促使种子吸水膨胀的措施。15.4种子催5J`-sprouting通过机械擦伤、酸蚀、水浸、层积或其它物理、化学方法解除休眠，促进种子萌发的措施15.5I=:积催芽stratification将种子与一定量砂或湿草灰等分层交替或混合放件进行催芽的措施。免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)ce/T16620一1996附录A(标准的附录)汉语拼音索引单亲谱系交配设计·········，··············⋯⋯7.3.1A单性状选择······。。···。·····················⋯⋯6.12矮化砧⋯10.19单株选择·.........................................2.26.B..第二代无性系种子园·················。·一8.12.4地方品种···..............................."""""11.7半双列交配设计7.3.9地理变异··············，··········‘··········⋯⋯2.15保护行·····⋯⋯7.7地理型········································⋯⋯3.7变异································”·····⋯⋯2.14第一代改良无性系种子园··········⋯⋯8.12.3变种··················，.·····················⋯⋯3.4第一代无性系去劣种子园·········⋯⋯8.12.2标准地法···························，，一“‘..“‘12.14第一代无性系种子园·......................8.12.1标准地法选优4···········⋯⋯“‘”““““’·6.11点取法·.........................................14.3,3标准枝法·····················”··，··，⋯⋯’‘.‘”’12.16对比树·············，····，，，，，·················⋯⋯6.8表现型，，二2.12对照···········································⋯⋯7.6表现型值·2.13多倍体······································一2.31表型相关·6.17.1多系交配设计·········，.···················⋯⋯7.3.3表型选择⋯6.4多性状选择·......................................6.13筋11濒危树种·3F部分双列交配设计73...C.不连续分布··⋯⋯4.4发芽率··················，。··。················⋯⋯14.9反应规范······················‘·············⋯⋯2.18分样·············。··。······················⋯⋯14.3采穗圃···································⋯⋯10.6分样器法·································⋯⋯14.3.1采种林·····································⋯⋯2.40分组不连续半双列交配设计·········⋯⋯7.3.10采种母树·..............................·······⋯⋯5.2丰年·...............................................12.4测定林·，··························，，，，········⋯⋯7.8风选···············。··。。·，。。·，·············⋯⋯13.3.1测定样品····。··························⋯⋯14-2.4浮选···············。······，······。·········⋯⋯13.3.3测交系交配设计··························⋯⋯7.3.6辅助授粉···································⋯⋯8.14层积催牙··································⋯⋯15.5父本··。·······················。···············⋯⋯9.6.2插穗.....................................·，.·⋯⋯10.14复合杂交·...................···············⋯⋯9.12巢式交配设计·····························⋯⋯7.3.7G成熟效应······““··········，，·价········一10.10重复力···。························。········⋯⋯7.14改良代(高世代)种子园···············⋯⋯8.12.5初次样品····························，···⋯⋯14.2.1干藏·························，·············⋯⋯纯净种子········，··························⋯⋯14.5个体变异·。·⋯滚动式种子园8.12.6DH单倍体7.72.33.305单交设计·，·······。·⋯核型图，‘⋯3142H8标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/T16620一1996竹后热·····，····································，:12.10可见半面树冠球果估测法‘:，加候选树··································。·······⋯⋯6.7控制授粉···········⋯⋯二花粉隔离带·································⋯⋯8·11L花粉云·········································⋯⋯8.9.花期不遇·.........................................9.21类型⋯⋯3.525花期调整··。························，·······⋯⋯9·22类型选择2.28环境变异·.........................................2.17离体保存3.回交·······················，············。····⋯⋯9.14连续分布4.3l16混合授粉····························。·······⋯⋯9.19良种繁育l113棍合选择······，，·········‘·····，，，·······一2.24良种认定14混合样品·······························⋯⋯14.2.2良种审定劣等林分J:.:劣等木⋯基本群体·.........................................3.31林木改良基因·······，····························，········⋯⋯2.8林木结实1:.:基因库.............................................3.30林木良种⋯基因型·············，···························⋯⋯2·9林木选择育种.2州1.24基因型与环境互作························⋯⋯2.11林木引种脚基因型值·····················。················，一2.10林木育种1-.了林木种质资源·3J基准线选优法·······························一6.10ln乃家系····。。·····································⋯⋯8.3林木种质资源库3.n只j林木种子···⋯⋯2︺家系内选择·······························⋯⋯2.28n0j创家系选择··········“‘·4，····“····甲‘·····一2.27林木种子基地4二2，嫁接·········································⋯⋯10.16邻域···⋯⋯”””8.10嫁接苗··4··4·····，················，········，⋯10.26流水贮藏···⋯⋯‘.;3.6，5嫁接亲和力··································一10.20M渐变群·..........................................·一4.6间接选择·········，········，，·················一6.15密封干藏13.6.3渐渗杂交·········...................“··⋯⋯9.13母本⋯⋯9.6.1交配设计·······································⋯⋯7‘3母树林⋯结实周期···································⋯⋯12.6目钡}1法·.13结实周期性·······························⋯⋯12.7P接穗··········································⋯⋯10.172.34近交··········，，·····，·······，.·····，···‘，’8.8培养基713浸种···········，······························⋯⋯15.3配合力精选树··，···········.....................·一’.·7.15配合选择2.2l29净度························。················⋯⋯14.6品系13局部分布区种源试验......................·一4.9.2品种绝对发芽率···⋯⋯:.·····················，.一14.10品种比较试验··⋯⋯4品种退化·········⋯⋯12l59K平均标准木法··，，，⋯⋯l41299.平均发芽时间(MTG)抗性·一1六已乃30j乙抗性育种9。普通干藏·······一邝o︸免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/T16620一1996树种分布区4.1Q受精选择性千粒重························。·············⋯⋯14.8双亲谱系交配设计7.3.479.3151414歉年········································。·⋯⋯12.5四分法······⋯⋯.3.2切接··········································⋯⋯10.22送检样品.2.3切枝杂交·····························。·····一9.20随机交配8.渊J6亲本························，.···················⋯⋯9.6随机交配群体·..T.亲代············································⋯⋯9.5髓心形成层对接⋯球果干燥室···························⋯⋯13.2.3球果切开法·······························⋯⋯12.18区域试验··································⋯⋯11.5特殊配合力⋯⋯7.13.2去雄········································⋯⋯9.23田间试验设计······⋯⋯75全分布区种源试验······················⋯⋯4.9.1同工酶3.12全双列交配设计························⋯⋯7.3.8W群体···········································⋯⋯4.2群体变异·····································⋯⋯4.5外来树种··································⋯⋯4.13群体选择·，·································⋯⋯2.23外植体·····································⋯⋯2.33位置效应·.........................................10.11R无性繁殖···。··························。···⋯⋯10.8染色体组型分析··⋯⋯3.13无性系················。。················，·····⋯⋯8.2人工干燥.2.2无性系测定························。·········⋯⋯7.4人工选择2.22无性系测定林···············*.·············⋯⋯7.8.2..s.人二杂交二9.4无性系繁殖轮次······················⋯⋯10.7无性系分株························。。······⋯⋯10.4无性系(家系)配置··。···················，···⋯⋯8.4涩粒·········································⋯⋯13.5无性系品种································⋯⋯10.5森林遗传学·····································一2.1无性系选择·································⋯⋯10.1筛选··································⋯⋯13.3.2无性系育种································⋯⋯10.2生产群体··································⋯⋯3.33无性系原株······························⋯⋯10.3生产适用率······························⋯⋯14.16无性系种子园·····························⋯⋯8.12生境·····························，.············一3.8物候观测···········。························，，·⋯12.11生理成熟····································⋯⋯12.9物种··············。·····························⋯⋯3.2生态型········································⋯⋯3.6X生态因子···。·。··············，··················⋯⋯3.9湿藏·····································⋯⋯13.6.4稀有树种·.........................................3.24实生种子园·························‘······⋯⋯8.13显性性状··································⋯⋯9.27适应··························..................3.10现实增益····································⋯⋯7.11适应值····································⋯⋯3.11乡土树种···································⋯⋯4.12属间杂交·····································一9.10形态成熟···································⋯⋯12.8树木发育周期···························⋯⋯12.1J性状·...............................................6.16树木年发育周期··························⋯⋯12.2性状相关····································⋯⋯6.17数量性状······························⋯⋯6.16.2选型交配·········。价·························⋯⋯8.5数量遗传·····································⋯⋯2·6选择·······································⋯⋯2.20290标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)ce/T16620一1996n7O选择标准·............................................6.5育种程序2C只j选择差············，，·························⋯⋯6.”育种目标2月改吐育种区二2占选择率···，·····。。····························⋯⋯6.18几n乃乙选择强度·····。··。·，········。···。···········⋯⋯6.20育种群体3.n勺j乙选择系数··································⋯⋯6.22育种值⋯9.弓日原境保存3自选择响应··················，··············⋯⋯6.21选择压····································⋯⋯6.23原种选择指数·······，，，············“········”，··一6·6远交‘;.{驯化·········································⋯⋯4.16远缘杂交···⋯⋯9.远缘杂交不孕性9.Y远缘杂种不育性9.18芽接···························，············⋯⋯10.252亚种···························，·······，，·······⋯⋯3.3︸样品··，············，······················⋯⋯.14.2杂交···⋯⋯9.1.野生树种·········，·························一3.21杂交育种，·9.2般配合力·...................................7.13.1杂交种······················，·········⋯⋯.9.25遗传·······。·····，···，·················，·········⋯⋯2.5杂交组合······，·····························⋯⋯9.7遗传变异··············。·····················⋯⋯2.16杂种生境··································⋯⋯9·28遗传测定·，········，······，，············⋯⋯‘二7·1杂种优势······，···············‘·········，.·，，，·9·26遗传多态性·································⋯⋯2.19杂种种子园······························⋯⋯8.12.7遗传上程········‘··‘···，··············，一2.35栽培树种···················‘···············⋯⋯3·22遗传力·······································⋯⋯7.12早期测定，.················，·········，········一7.10遗传物质.............................................2.7珍贵树种··································⋯⋯3.23遗传相关··········‘··················，···⋯⋯6.17.2砧木··························。·······。···⋯⋯10.18遗传性状·········4············。···········一6.16.1针叶束嫁接·······4··················，·····⋯⋯10.24遗传增益································.·。。一2.41枝接··························‘···············一10.21异境保存····································⋯⋯3.27直接选择································。··。·。一6.14引种程序·········。···················，······⋯⋯4.15植物组织培养······························一2.32营养繁殖······，·····························⋯⋯10.9质量性状············。···················⋯⋯6.16.3硬粒·············，················。。···，·。····⋯⋯13.4中等林分················，，···············，，·‘·5.7优良林分······································⋯⋯5·6中等木···························。··。·······。·⋯⋯5.4优良林分选择··········，，··，，····甲·“⋯⋯“5.9种根··············，·········，···········‘····，⋯10.15优良木··········································⋯⋯5·3种间杂交··································⋯⋯’二9·9优势木比较法..............................‘一‘’·“‘6.9种内杂交·.....................·，.····，·······⋯⋯9·8优树··························，··················⋯⋯6.2种批·········。·······························⋯⋯14.1优树收集区.......................................3.19种条·...............................................10.13优树选择··········，····················‘····⋯⋯’二6.3种源···········································⋯⋯4.8有性繁殖..........................................9.31种源区··········，.····························一4.10有性杂交，········。····。······················，⋯⋯9.3种源试验·······，·，，····························。·⋯4·9幼一成年相关····，························⋯⋯‘二7·9种源选择····································⋯⋯4.11幼化处理··················，，，············.··.，，二10.12种质·”···，.··，··，······”···‘···········.，，⋯⋯3.15育种材料···································。。·⋯⋯3.1种质资源···························。········⋯⋯3.16育种材料收集区······，，····“‘·········，，··甲‘二3.20种子安全含水量.................................13.7免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/T、6620一1996种子标签·.........................................12.21种子生活力·......................................14.13种子采集································⋯⋯12.19种子调制···························，，·······⋯⋯13.1种子产地，··························，·······⋯⋯4.7种子休眠·····，··························。···，··⋯15.1种子产量预测····，·······················⋯⋯12.12种子亚区，·······················。。·········⋯⋯11.11种子处理·.........................................15.2种子优良度·......................................14.14种子催芽····。。·，，········，················⋯⋯15.4种子园···，················，，·······，。，········，⋯⋯8.1种子登记证·······························一12.20种子质量等级······························⋯⋯14.17种子干燥··················”··············⋯⋯13.2种子仲裁检验·，·······，，·，·········“······一14.18种子管理·····。·····························⋯⋯2.42种子贮藏····································⋯⋯13.6种子管理条例·····，·······，···⋯⋯’’·2.43子代测定，’········“.................‘·····，··⋯7.2种子含水率·····························⋯⋯14.15子代测定林·································⋯⋯7.8.1种子活力····································⋯⋯14.12自花不孕性·.............................·一‘二9.16种子检验··································⋯⋯14.7自然干燥································⋯⋯13.2.1种子精选·.........................................13.3自然选择，..........................................2.21种子品质··························，······⋯⋯14.4自由授粉交配设计·.............................7.3.2种子区·······················‘·········，.······一11.10综合品种·。。································⋯⋯11.8种子认证·······，·········，···············⋯⋯14.19少92标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)CB/T16620一1996附录B(标准的附录)英文索引Aabsolutegerminationpercentage······。······。··，·················，，··。·············.···.··············⋯⋯14.10adaptation············································································.·.····················⋯⋯3.10adaptivevalue，.······，·，······················，.·······，·····。·········，.···，’，··。·············⋯⋯3.11advanced-generationseedorchard···························································。·········⋯⋯8.12.5after-ripening···············，··。·。······..................................................·一’··⋯⋯12.10anthesisregulation················，········································.··.························.·⋯⋯‘二9.22artificialcrossing·························，·········4·······，···.··.··················.··············。⋯⋯’二9.4artificialheateddrying，····································。················································一13.2.2artificialsdection·························。···········。····。。·············。··。·.··········............2.22asexualpropagation··。··················，，·····················.·.··········，，···············.·。··.····⋯⋯1018assortativemating...................................................................................................8.5averagesampletreedeterminationmethod·······，.···，····，·································，，。·.····.，二12.15Bn，，.络.走backcros,n合门~曰…‘bankofbreedingmaterialsg九，d自.︷basepopulation1曰勺J白毯brachyblastgrafting····················一11q..土J;目breed1l0l“breeddegeneration······....................1lj口1l.﹂breedtestbreedingmaterial0."0"^...................2.36breedingobjective3.32breedingpopulation2.37breedingprocedure·············，，······⋯⋯9.32breedingvalue·····················.·....⋯⋯2.44breedingzone10.25budgrafting:.2.24bulkselection二..-..........-..................-...⋯⋯，........⋯⋯bumperyearC.“..........⋯⋯，一劝.⋯⋯，............⋯⋯，，...⋯⋯，.........-..⋯⋯，。...................⋯⋯candidatetree9.certatton6character7.6check293免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)Ge/T16620一1996checktrees··。。。····。······································，··················。···。····。·。····。··················⋯⋯6.8dine·····。。···························。····。······································。·········。··················。···⋯⋯4.6clonalbreeding·······································。·······················································⋯⋯10.2clonalseedorchard······。···。。······················。····。···························。·。·。··················⋯⋯8.12clonalseedorchardofsecondgeneration······························。·····························⋯⋯8.12.4clonalselection······················。············，····。·············。··········。·。·。。·····。··················。···。二10.1donaltest。················。···············。·。··············································。·····················⋯⋯7.4clonaltestplantation·····················································································⋯⋯7.8.2clonalvariety··················································。······························..······，·········⋯⋯10.5clone···················。。···································。···············。··。·········。·····。···。·..············一8.2donebanks·········.··。。··············································。···············....··············.，··⋯⋯3.19clone(family)layout············································。···。。························⋯⋯‘二‘········⋯⋯8.4clonereproductioncycle·····························································。··。·················⋯⋯10.7combinedselection··········。··············。··。·················。··········.·。·。·。·························⋯⋯2.29combiningability····························································································..一7.13comparison····················。··················。·················。。··。·······································⋯⋯6.8completediallelmatingdesign········································································⋯⋯7.3.8completepedigreedmatingdesign·····。·································································。⋯⋯7.3.4compositesample··············································································..······⋯⋯14.2.2conecutting·································。·····················。···········································⋯⋯12.18conedryingchamber··············。···················································⋯⋯‘··············⋯⋯13.2.3continuousdistribution.........................................................................................·一4.3control··············。。··················。···················。··。·················.······。················.·。··。⋯⋯7.6controlledpollination⋯⋯9.24conventionaldrystorage13.0乙.︹乃八jn乃n111乃了月了叮‘9correlationbetweencharacters..·······⋯⋯⋯⋯，二6cropevaluationbycountingconesinvisibleero、Vn.128crossbreeding口口nZn…‘‘Q口自.gd月斗，勺︺月cultivatedspeciescultures00今台一0culturematerialculturemedium111n乙I习cutgrafting日几cutting01︺cuttingcross门cuttingorchard山.1l610cyclophysisD7.5designoffieldexperiment12developmentalcycleoftree14.32diagonalmethoddirectselection611标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)Cs/"r16620一1996disconnectedhalf-diattalmatingdesign‘·································。⋯’.···············，···.···一7.3,10discontinuousdistribution···········。·················。··。··，··············。····。·········。··。。。··········.·⋯⋯4.4distanthybridization···············································································.·········⋯⋯9.11distanthybridsterility······································，······································，，······一‘二9.18distanthybridization-sterility，.................................................................................9.17distributionareaoftreespecies················，，，·····································，。·。·················⋯⋯4.1dividermethod·····································。···。·····，·········，。····.···················。·。··⋯⋯14.3.1domestication·····。·。·······。。·······················。········，。······················。。·······‘···········。。··.⋯⋯1.16dominantcharacter··························。····················。······。。···。···。·，。·····..........................9.27dominanttreecomparisonmethod···，·，····一，··⋯.，·.··一’····.，.‘·⋯.⋯’.·⋯.’，，:.6.9drystorage········································································.··.·····················⋯⋯13.6.1dwarfstock....·。··，···‘····，。甲········‘··。··，······-········‘····，··..................·····。··⋯10.19F7.10earlytestecologicalfactor。.⋯‘二“⋯⋯门门............⋯⋯门.‘........-.............⋯⋯“........................⋯⋯3.9.-.........⋯⋯，二‘⋯⋯，.....⋯⋯卜.........................⋯⋯ecotype7.15elitetree9.23emasculationendangeredspecies··⋯⋯3.25environmentalvariation⋯2.17evaluationbysampleplot12.144.13exO飞tCs3.27exsituconservationFfamily盯2familyselectionl3fecundcutgrowthlCfecundroot乐.61.51femaleparent178.一1firstgenerationcionaiseedorchard1宁8.书曰3firstgenerationimprovementclonalseedorchard1，8.通︸firstgenerationroguedclonalseedorchard133.3flotation21g，floweringasynchronismz.lforestgenetics脚foresttreebreeding一foresttreeimprovement22..3338foresttreeseedG2.8只ene免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/T16620一1996genepool·......................................................................................................·一3.30generalcombiningability·········，··················，。········，·····························，············。··⋯7.13.1geneticcorrelation................................................................................................6.17.2geneticengineering··················，········，·····⋯⋯‘··························，。········，·········。······⋯⋯2.35geneticgain.......................................................................................................·一2.41geneticmaterial································································································⋯⋯2.7geneticpolymorphism........................................................................................·一2.19genetictest···⋯⋯‘····，·······，。·，····⋯⋯’‘···。···⋯⋯‘··，····，···，，··········.·。.······‘⋯‘··，·······，，二‘二7.1geneticvariation·························，·····································································⋯⋯2.16genotype·····~‘..···..·......⋯⋯‘二‘:.“·’...-·····⋯⋯.，...’”一‘一‘··..·..‘··⋯.⋯，，二2，9genotype-environmentinteraction············⋯⋯’二’··⋯’二’二‘⋯‘·‘·“·一’··⋯⋯’二’··⋯‘二‘·’“‘’·‘2.11genotypevalue.........................................········.............................············⋯⋯2.10geographicvariation························，··················。·.········。·········，，···⋯⋯‘···⋯⋯‘·‘.·⋯⋯2.15geographtype·······························，，......................................························⋯⋯3.7germinationpercentage·····················，····。⋯⋯‘·······。······························.················一14.9germplasm...........................·················，······································，················⋯⋯3.15germplasmresources············································。·····································。·········。，二3.16grafting.............................................................··························。···。···········⋯⋯10.16graftingcompatibility·。。，。·······，·····································。，。···················，················，⋯10.20graftings·································································································。·····一10.26guardrow·····，.············‘·，..····，，，，一，，··⋯，，·，.··..，·····..·..··-·······..一，.·..⋯’，⋯’.·7.7H3.8habitat7.3.9half-diallelmatingdesignhaploid···。··············⋯⋯hardseedheredityheritability6.16.1heritablecharacter‘.n乙入01匀盈9…heterosis9hybrid9，.︵︺OL﹄hybridhabitat曰︺OJhybridizationhybridizationbreeding9.7hybridmatchR.12.7hybridseedorchardI3.14idiogram11.12improvedmaterialofforesttree.‘.8.8inbreeding7.3.1incompletepedigreedmatingdesign坦96标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)cs/T16620一1996indigenoustreespecies4.12indirectselection6.15individualselection·····。························。。·············。·········。·······················。。·········⋯⋯2.26individualvariation6.1inferiorstar记5.8inferiortree5。5inheritance··。····。·················。。················。。···············。················。···························⋯⋯2.5,nsrtuconservation3.269.10mtergenertccrossingintermediatestandintermediatetreeinterspecificcrossingintraspecificcrossing41introductionofexotictreespecies913introgressionhybridization328toI"d八)preservation312tsoenzymes312isozymes.1juvenilematurecorrelation二7，9Kkaryotypeanalysis·········⋯⋯3.13Llocalbreed{{一localvarietyMmaleparent9.6.22.43mina只ententrule,〔、fseed2.24massselection7.3matingdesignofopenpollination7.3.2matingdesign10.10matureeffect3.2maunalhalting;141.4togermination(MTG).11meantin"9.19mixedpollination12.8morphologicalmaturity⋯6multiplecharacterselection9，::multiplecross⋯11.6multiplicationofimprovedmaterial⋯免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)cB/T16620一1996︸份.N..naturalseasoning.几322l10naturalselection...一neighbourhood78.7.37nestedmatingdesign.O..1101几1Q‘45offyear8onethousand-seedweight(1000-seedweight).3otter。。。8，7outbreedingP8.6panmtxta9.6parent⋯⋯9.5parentgeneration..·.··.·，，二7.3.11partialdiallelmatingdesign4.9.2partialrangeprovenancetrial1ll2phenologicalobservation⋯⋯‘:，phenotype2.13phenotypevalue···⋯⋯6.17.1phenotypiccorrelation6.4phenotypicselection⋯12.9physiologicalmaturity邪咒pith-cambiumpairinggrafting2plant咖沁tissueculture6.2treetreeselectionbysampleplotmethod6.11勺汀补8.9cloud8.11pollenisolationzone.3.3polycrossmatingdesign2.31polyploid4.2population2.23populationselection4.5populationvariation1l23positioneffect3.preciousspeciesprimarysample15驹4procedureofintroduction3.productionpopulation附阳progenytest7.progenytestplantation29吕标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/"r16620一19964.8provenanceprovenanceselection4.114.9provenanceprovenancetzroinale4.10l4liveseedvalue(PLS)1614::::seed··········。···⋯⋯.’14.6purityQ6.16.3qualitativecharacter6.16.2quantitativecharacterquantitativeinheritance2.6R.ramet‘::randommattn只3.29randommatingpopulation洲rarespecies2.18reactionnorm7.11realized-gain1.3recognitionofimprovedmaterial15regionaltest14registrationofimprovedmaterial10.2reluventze7.14repeatability9.29resistance“..⋯⋯“二，.9.30resistancebreeding8.12.6rollingseedorehard(rollingblock)13.6.5runningwaterstorageS14.2sample···············，·⋯⋯1216samplebranchevaluation14，3sampling10.17soon13二‘..⋯。....⋯⋯。宙宙.⋯⋯“.............⋯⋯‘..............................⋯⋯，..3.2screenln只13.‘..⋯。.....⋯⋯，...⋯⋯，.⋯⋯，.，..⋯⋯，.........-⋯，..⋯，...............⋯⋯.6.3sealedstorage······⋯⋯seedbaseofforesttree...-...-.。，...⋯⋯宙....⋯⋯‘..⋯⋯宙...⋯⋯‘.................-.‘.......-.月......⋯⋯2.3912seed-bearinginterval⋯.‘....................⋯⋯，...⋯⋯，........一，-.‘.......一“.⋯⋯‘.................⋯⋯612seed-bearingperiodicity‘⋯⋯‘一‘......................⋯⋯，...⋯⋯，.............⋯⋯‘.............-...⋯⋯1207...⋯⋯，..⋯⋯，⋯“...⋯⋯‘⋯⋯，‘.............⋯⋯‘.⋯⋯，.⋯⋯，，.，.....-二，亩二l419seedcertificate二‘.⋯‘.........-.........-........................................................-.-.--...⋯⋯seedcertification13.3seedcleaning299免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)GB/"r16620一1996seedcollection····························。···································································⋯⋯12.19seeddormancy································································································⋯⋯15.1seedfilledwithtannin-likesubstances·····················。··································。···。·····⋯⋯13.5seedlabel···································。········。··。·········································。············⋯⋯12.21seedingseedorchard·························。··········。·······················，·····························⋯⋯8.13seedlot················。。··。·······。···。··。··。。。··。··。·。··········。·································。··········⋯⋯14.1seedmanagement··。·········。··············································································。·⋯⋯2.42seedmoisturecontent.............................................................................................14.15seedorchard·································。。。···。············。···。··············。······························⋯⋯8.1seedprocessing···。····································································。························一13.1seedproductionpredicting”··················，··，·················································。······。··。⋯12.12seedproductionstand·············。··········。····。··············。············································⋯⋯5.114seedquality··································，···································································⋯⋯seedqualitygradeseedrefereetestseedsafetymoisturecontentseedseasoning··········。·····················································································⋯⋯13.2seedsoaking.........................................................................................................15.3seedsoundness·······················。····。··。。。·········。·············。····················。·················⋯⋯14.14seedsource·······································································。···········。··。·。···。。··。。。。。·。·。。二4.7seedstand............................................................................................................2.40seedstorage·····················································，············································⋯⋯13.6seedsub-zone··············.·.····...·.......·..·.························································⋯⋯11.11seedtesting⋯”’⋯⋯7seedtreatment一{:21414n26seedviability.13seedvigo(u)r.12seedzone.10selection.20selectioncoefficient.22selectioncriteria6.5selectiondifferential619selectionindensity620selectionindex6.6selectionofplustree6.3seletionofsuperiorstand5.9selectionpressure6.23selectionproportion6.18selectionresponse6.21selectivebreedingofforesttree·····························⋯⋯’‘二‘二‘二‘二“”二‘二‘二’二““.‘”‘”””””’‘2.4selectivefeitilization9.15self-sterility···························⋯⋯““二’二’二”·’二‘二““““”’‘”““”‘”’““‘’‘”‘”‘””’‘”““““’9.16sexualhybridization·····························一’二‘二’二’二’二’二‘二‘·’““‘”‘””’‘”””“““‘”‘””””””9.3弓〔川标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)Ce/T16620一1996sexualreproduction...............................................................·············，，·········，·一9.31singlecharacter:;election······，···················，················································，········⋯⋯6.12singlepairmatingdesign······...............................................................................7.3.5specialcombiningability···············。，·······························································⋯⋯7.13.2species····················.............................................................................................3.2spoonsam讨ing···························，，·························································，·····⋯⋯14.3.3sprouting‘二’二’·”二‘二’二‘”’·“二‘·‘二’二‘’‘二‘二’二‘二’二”’‘·‘’二‘二‘二’二‘.”’‘’·”二‘一‘二’··⋯’‘·’‘’‘·“·‘’二15.4standardbaselineselectionmethod·········，····················，··················，··················.⋯⋯6.10stemgrafting·················································...................................................10.21stock··········，·。··。。················‘········。····。·····················，··‘·······，·····。······。。·············⋯⋯10.18stock···················································。。···········。···········。。····················。··。········。二11.1stra日、，，·，，···。。·，甲甲，·。·。···“·，，··.。。。··。甲，···。·········。，····，······，·。··。···，，····。···，·⋯11.2stratification。。·····················，·································。···································。·····。·⋯15.5submittedsample.................................................................··········‘·············，⋯14-2.3subspecies···········································································，·····························⋯⋯3.3superior...................................................························，，·········，····················⋯⋯6.2superiorplantation·································，··············⋯⋯‘····························，·········⋯⋯5.6superiorstand·····························................................................················⋯⋯5.6superiortree···，····················。···。···，·······。······················。···············。·，，···················‘。·⋯5.3supplementalmasspollination(SMP)···································································，⋯8.14syntltecticvarieties·························，···································································⋯⋯11.8Ttesterstrainmatingdesign······⋯⋯7.3.6testpla川atlon7.8thebankoftreegermplasmresources’二‘····················⋯⋯‘二‘··⋯’二“·“·’二’·’‘二‘二‘二‘二’二‘二3.18thetreegermplasmresources·····，，，，······甲甲······.·，，，，’..·..··········‘二价.···，甲，二3.17topophysis······································································································⋯⋯10.11trait···············‘······‘·‘··。·····‘··4··············‘。····，‘········....................·······。‘····⋯⋯6，l6treeforseedcollection。。。··················。································。············，··················。··⋯5.2treeseedbearing·························，····················································，···········，二12.3type············。·····⋯⋯‘············⋯⋯“‘·····，··············⋯⋯‘········，·····⋯⋯‘···········⋯⋯‘·⋯3，5typeselection.......................................................................··························⋯⋯2.25Vvariation················，···········。。···。··，··········，···········。······。···························，··········。·⋯2.14variety····················，····················。········。········。··········。········，。·········。····。···，········⋯⋯11.3variety‘。·······，。。···。···········，······················‘。················。········。··。。。···，·········一‘·········。·一3.4varietydegeneration11gII4varietytestvcgetaltvcpropy只atton，:::visualevaluation免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)G6/"r16620一1996wwarkingsample14.2.4wetstora只e13.6.4wholerangeprovenancetrial4.9.1wildspecies3.2l13.3.1wmnowm只within-familyselectionYyearlydevelopmentalcycleoftree标准分享网www.bzfxw.com免费下载免费标准下载网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载'