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GBZT201.4-2015放射治疗机房的辐射屏蔽规范第4部分:锎-252中子后装放射治疗机房.pdf

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犌犅犣/犜201.4—2015犎·犛犎(10)/φ…………………………(4)n=4×π×犱2×Ú0:犎(10)/φ———252Cf01j018)Q¨(s-1);犱———JK789YjG-,ª(m)。-j1m2G01:$;<=<>26.47mSv/(h·mg),γR:$;<=<>1.66mSv/(h·mg),γRY01:$;<=<>J¬0.06(LB.3)。6.2.3-j犱2JK%01:$;<=<>rÚ(5)MN:·犎·犕·犎n…………………………(5)Rn=犱2Ú0:·犎Rn———-j犱2JK%01:$;<=<>,MNOPQR%(μSv/h);·犎n———-1mg252Cfj1m2G01:$;<=<>,NOPQR%®[mSv/(h·mg)];犕———252CfG<,®(mg);犱———JK789YjG-,ª(m)。6.2.4789JK¡Rf1犅rsÚ(6)MN:·犅=·犎0…………………………(6)犎RnÚ0:犅———¡Rf1;·犎0———789:$;<=<>?@ABCD,MNOPQR%(μSv/h);·犎Rn———-j犱m2JK%01:$;<=<>,MNOPQR%(μSv/h)。6.2.5789cóJKv_¢;ZGl7狀rÚ(7)MN:狀=lg(犅1)…………………………(7)Ú0:犅———¡Rf1。6.2.6JKv_¢;ZTVL;Y¯v_¢;ZGl7狀G£T¤MN¥cóJKG|}犜S,LÚ(8):犜S=狀·犜犞犔…………………………(8)6.2.7@L2Gl,Ħ1§;Z;HVL,MNýÚ(9)h:犜犛+犎犞犔=犜S+犎犞犔…………………………(9)HVLYTVLG7:1HVL=0.301TVL。252Cf01jG&k?lÂÁ0C.10。6.2.8STãJK|}GMN:STã2G:$;<=<>§W°±Cl²JKëG¡RnR-l²/ð³JKëG^_RnR"。a%Ä@L=>γnRÃSTã2:$;<=<>G´q。MNUÚLÚ(10):4 犌犅犣/犜201.4—2015a)01¡R;<=<>rÚ(10)MN:··犎nT=犎d·犲-μn狋…………………………(10)Ú0:·犎nT———01±ClmðëG¡R:$;<=<>,MNOPQR%(μSv/h);·犎d———JK%STã2G01:$;<=<>,MNOPQR%(μSv/h);μn———JKv_Ã01G;rÚ(11)MN:··犎γT=犎dγ·犲-μ狋…………………………(11)Ú0:·———γ犎γTnR±ClmðëG¡R:$;<=<>,MNOPQR%(μSv/h);·犎dγ———JK%STã2GγnR:$;<=<>,MNOPQR%(μSv/h);μ———JKv_ÃγnRG&kµl,Q©ª(cm-1);狋———JKv_G|},©ª(cm)。c)STã2°¶^_RnR"G01:$;<=<>rÚ(12)MN:·犎·犎n·α1·犃1…………………………(12)S=(犱1·犱2)2Ú0:·犎S———01G^_R:$;<=<>,MNOPQR%(μSv/h);·犎n———-j1m2G01:$;<=<>,MNOPQR%(μSv/h);α1———·¸¹Ã01G^_Rl;犃1———lm/JKëG_R1T,DOª(m2);犱1———JKë_R1YjG-,ª(m);犱2———STã-JKë_R1G-,ª(m)。º»,¼¶^_R,Ú(12)0Ä@L¼¶^_l、¼¶^_R1T-¼¶^_R-Gab。d)MNSTã201¡R-01^_R;<=<>J-,½rsÚ(6)、Ú(7)、Ú(8)MNSTãcó01JKv_G|};e)(Á252Cf01EF2345JKv_GP&:(Á252Cf01EF2345¾:mY¿§Wo(Àñ·¸¹,STã6ZÆ`ÁÂìFÃv_,ðZo(5%qrstuÄÖqrÅÆ,ÅW%,STãÄo(.|}GÇ,(ÁJK252Cf01j01,·¸¹0HIG=>γnR。ò(JK252Cf01jGJKv_P&ÂÁ0C.20;f)ØÁgNò(01JKv_Ã252Cf01jG01nR-γnRGJK|},·¸¹-stuÃ01DÈkY§Ì|}G7É(C.2)、1μg252Cf01jÍ01、Î01、ÏÐγnR-=>γnR;<>Y·¸¹|}G7É(C.3)。5 犌犅犣/犜201.4—20157%&klmn+^_opq7.1mnrs+tu^_7.1.1v56wmnrs+^_UV%01jGsRi-o(ÕWXý:a)JKSTUV%,252Cf01j2ÁÑjsR,a%,ÄÒ]UV%252Cf01jGj«;b)UV252Cf01EF2345:$mÛÜbcGnRST;)Õ-01:$;<=<(>)Õ。ÕGêh;Äo(:$;<=<(>)G0h,ýμSv(μSv/h)、mSv(mSv/h)ì。7.1.2γ,&TU(W)r+,&x:tu^_γnR;<(>)ÕÄ[GB/T4835.1GWX。7.1.356S9TUVU(W)r+,&x:tu^_01:$;<=<(>)ÕÄ[GB/T14318GWX。7.2mnyz+{B7.2.12345JKë6³GQRSTUV+:ÕÕÖV×ØîTì0-JKë6³0130cm、-Ù1.n}:$Úu"ÆG+÷øÛV,@Ò]V<ÜÝ。7.2.22345YZ6³GQRSTUV+:,ÃÄ2345Y}èé,Õ!E、Þß-ÃO¹-YZ0130cmn}ÛV,à9UV+01jásRGèé,@Ò]V<ÜÝ。7.2.3STã6³JKSTUV+:-STã6³0130cm2,ãîâããÖäD»ã%,ÕãîÞå、ßå、æå、å-ãî0*}mç+ÛV,Ò]V<9GÎènR;<;。ãîéäûD»ã%,WV<ãî0*åêGnR;<;。7.2.4ABþJKSTV<+:,ABþð-45JKë30cm、-Ù1.n}2÷øÛV,a%óV)Õ-γnR;<(>)ÕV;;b)Ä~WQV<9öCV<Õî:f1ÓïEG01-γR:$;<=<>;mÓðJ-;c)V<ñ;èÁÕ|eV<;:òóG3%,UVÜÝÄôõUVbcÕG|eV<;;d)V<;RÁÕ|e:òóG3%,UVÜÝÄrRÁÎoÆÖVö(MDL)0h。7.3.2mn|}pqUVÜÝZ[WXý:6 犌犅犣/犜201.4—2015a)Ärs4.10;<=<>?@ABCDGWXZ[;b)~p252CfEF234Gío(f1犝、u"def1犜-:STsR%*狋(h)MNJK789G:$;<=<>,÷íV<ÜÝY¯MN;F¬ø;c)¬øÜÝèÁ4.10Ú(1)GMNÜÝ,X.nR;ùC?@ABCDGUV9,Äù?@ABCDG#$,~úÆkGf,ûÔ÷JKG¼ü;d)¬øÜÝRÁ4.10Ú(1)GMNÜÝ,X.nR;≤2.5μSv/h%,X.[JK$MWX;f)u"def1犜≤1/2Gbc,:$;<=<>≤10μSv/h%,X.[JK$MWX。7 犌犅犣/犜201.4—2015犃(:)+6`abcGdef1L0A.1。犃.1+6def1(犜)bchiÿy;#$!"u"Öy"#Uþ、23M$þ、23ABþ、T%&、"()、ÒuTde11"Gÿ!þm:ï¼dE0G#eè1/2:FûG23þ、YJKþFûG{uUúþ}~de1/41/2~1/51/5:*+、,"-.þ、y"-.þ1/8:23þ5ã1/20:U1、2434è、56þ、$Ò78G96èé、uT"Gÿ!/0de1/161/8~1/40þ、{u:eèé、;Y、ã<þ1/40:ËÒ=>øu?@G96èé、uA!G?b、?@B4C4/CDèé、EF、uA!GFJ:"2GBZ/T201.1—2007]A0A.1。8 犌犅犣/犜201.4—2015犅(:)252犆犳5678"()*-.d犅.1252犆犳5678"()*-.d>犅.1.1ZylmG252Cf01EF2345(ýB.1ch)。犅.1犣+252犆犳5678"()*`a犅.1.2LylmG252Cf01EF2345HI(ýB.2ch)。犅.2犔+252犆犳5678"()*`a9 犌犅犣/犜201.4—2015犅.2<犅.1A犅.2d"()*-.ij+efGHI252Cf01EF234,.j<1mg。45HIýB.1ch。a、b、cJK789rs0.5μSv/h?@ABCDMN,d、eJK789rs2.5μSv/h?@ABCDMN。gNJK789cóG·¸¹JK|}。º@L2Gl,½1§;Z犎犞犔|}。JK789YjG-~W:a-j5.2m;b-j5.2m;c-j6.8m;d-j6.8m;e-j7.2m。·GH-252Cfj1m2G01:$;<=<>犎n1=26.47mSv/h,Ä~pÚ(5)JMNJ·K789KJK%G:$;<=<>犎n0,½°C.20úÃÄ1mg252CfjJK789GJK·|}犜0,0Eú?@AB;<=<>ÃÄGJK|}犜1,÷KJK%G:$;<=<>犎n0kµ?@AB%cóGJK|}:犜1-犜0。JK789cóJK|}MNÜÝÂÁ0B.10。犅.1-.LMK-.ijd|}Yj-犎n0犜0?@AB;<=<>犜1·¸¹|}犜1-犜0kµlPMNÜÝ789mmSv/hcmμSv/hcmcmcmaa5.20.979620.51357392b5.20.979620.51357392c6.80.572660.51356986d6.80.572662.51255966(lmJK)e7.20.511652.51256064a°C.1úG·¸¹Ã252Cfj01G犜犞犔=28cm;~pÚ(6)、Ú(7)、Ú(8)MN¥。a"ÆgNLylmG252Cf01EF2345cóGJK|},LylmHIhLLB.2。犅.31犿犵252犆犳56w1犿~56γ,&S9TUVUW+cd犅.3.1252犆犳56w1犿~56S9TUVUW+cd·rsÚ(3)MN-j1m2G018<>φný:·2.4×1091.91×104s-1·cm-2φn=4×3.14×1002=rsÚ(4)MN-j1m2G01:$;<=<>ý:·犎n=385×12-12×1.91×104×103×3.6×103=26.47mSv/h犅.3.21犿犵252犆犳56w1犿~γ,&S9TUVUW+cd·:a",Æ(Ú(3)MN-j1m2GγnR8<>φγý·1.32×10101.05×105s-1·cm-2φγ=4×3.14×1002=10 犌犅犣/犜201.4—2015rsÚ(4)MN-j1m2GγnR:$;<=<>ý:·犎γ(10)=4.38×10-12×1.05×105×103×3.6×103=1.66mSv/h犅.3.3γ/56S9TUVUW+cd··犎γ(10)/犎n(10)=1.66÷26.47≈0.06犅.4)*-.cd犅.4.145:$JKëmlm-YZGJK|}MN:GH01EF4252Cf.j<1mg,45HIýB.1ch。4523þ1T9m×6m=54m2,ÐÑl²,ðGK1T9m×9.2m=82.8m2。JKà(Àñ·¸¹,MN¯45cJK789a、b、c、d、e2cóJK|},789-JKE0130cm。犅.4.2ÃÁ789a、b、c,rsUV/0deMN,ádef11/4,ÃÁ789d、e,rÛÜu"deMN,ádef11,:ÛÜ%*r40hMN,o(f1á1。rsÚ(1)MN,789a、b、cG?@AB;<>CD2.5μSv/h,789d、eG?@AB;<>CD0.5μSv/h,45YZJK~WrÛÜu"-UV?@AB;<>CDMN。789a、b、c、d、eY23%jG-Y0B.10Fa。~pÚ(5)、Ú(6)、Ú(7)、Ú(8)MNGJK789GJK|}ÂÁ0B.20。犅.2-.LMK-.ijd|}Yj-犎n0ABCDJK¡Rf1¢;Zl7·¸¹|}e@L2789mmSv/hμSv/h犅狀cmla5.20.9790.5(UV犜=1/4)5.1×10-43.29109119b5.20.9790.5(UV犜=1/4)5.1×10-43.29109119c6.80.5720.5(UV犜=1/4)8.7×10-43.06101111d6.80.5722.5(yz犜=1)6.3×10-32.3678(lmJK)88e7.20.5112.5(yz犜=1)4.4×10-32.317686YZa3.81.852.5(yz犜=1)1.4×10-32.8594104YZb3.81.8510(yz犜=1/4)5.4×10-32.277585YZc3.81.8540(yz犜=1/16)2.2×10-21.665565YZd3.81.850.5(UV犜=1/4)2.7×10-43.57118128aáyzu"犜=1。báyzu"犜=1/4。cáyzu"犜=1/16。dáUV犜=1/4。e·¸¹TVLá33cm(á2NCRPReportNo.151P148),·¸¹1HVL=10cm。º@L2Gl,cMNJK|}Ľæ1HVL|}10cm¤Æ。犅.4.3STãJK|}GMN:STã2G01nR;<§W°¡RClmJKëG01nR-l²/^_RnR",fM,STã2G01nR;<Óð:$;<=<>J-。M6,NÄ@L=>γGJK。11 犌犅犣/犜201.4—2015MNOPý:a)STã201G¡RnR:$;<=<>MN:~pÚ(10)MN(r0C.1lpMN,lmJK|}88cm):·犎nT=572·e-0.083×88=0.38μSv/hb)STã2252C01jγ¡RnR:$;<=<>MN:~pÚ(11)MNSTã2γ¡RnR:$;<=<>:犎·1660·e-0.167×88=0μSv/hγT=6.82·¸¹Ã0.8MeVGγnR&kµl0.167cm-1(0C.4)。MNÜÝ0º,,252Cf01EF2345JKMN%,Æ`@LÍQÒγnRG´q。c)Zyl²G45STã201G^_RnR:$;<=<>MN:~p45HIB.1ÆH,01nRöl²/ëRö¶^_RSTãÞ³JKë,½ö¼¶^_RSTã6³。MN¥:01SsR.Rl²/JKëG-犚1=6.5m,¶^_RSTãÞ³JKëG-犚2=9m,¼¶_RSTã6³-犚3=1.8m,_R1T犛=lm}×_R1n}。GH-j1m2G01:$;<=<>26.47mSv/h,ÃÁ45°.R-_RG01,_Rlαn=0.058,_R1T犛1=2m×3.5m=7m2,犛2=2m×3.5m=7m2。íæ,STã2G01nR;<=2¶_R-¼¶_RGab。¶_R1STãFÃlm09G-8m,¯9STã6³01G-2m。~pÚ(11)MNSTã2¶_R-¼¶_R01:$;<=<>ý:犎·26.47×0.058×71.0μSv/hS1=(6.5×8×2)2=犎·26.47×0.058×7×0.058×70.40μSv/hS2=(6.5×9×1.8)2=STã6³GK01nR;<:0.38μSv/h+1.0μSv/h+0.40μSv/h=1.78μSv/h。ÜÝ0º,l²JKë88cm%,STã6³G¡R01nRY^_R01:$;<=<>J-1.78μSv/h。d)STãd2=>γ;<=<>gN:GH1mg252Cf01j«}2.4×10901l/s,789dYj-6.8m,°0C.1álmJKë|88cm,MNd2018<>:·2.4×1092φnd=4×3.14×6802=4.13×1001l/(s·cm2)°C.3úÃÄ88cm2G=>γ;<>:1.4×10-3μSvh-1/(01ls-1)cm2。MN789d2G=>γ;<>:1.4×10-3μSvh-1/(01·s-1)cm2×4.13×10201l/(s·cm2)=0.58μSv/hÜþ:789d2GKnR:$;<=<>:1.78μSv/h+0.58μSv/h=2.36μSv/h$MÜÝWX<2.5μSv/h,[$MWX。TU÷STãd2G:$;<=<>AB,1.0μSv/h,÷01nRCDAB,0.5μSv/h,÷γnRCDAB,0.5μSv/hð,~WMNý:STãJK01v_U(qrstuÖstu,GH01;<>1.78μSv/h,_R01kγnRGSTVÝ,~p0C.4lp,à(&ðWPMNÇÃ2.23MeV=>γnRG&Xkl0.506cm-1。~pMNWX,÷Ú(11)Yý:·狋=1ln犎·drμ犎γT··÷μ=0.506cm-1、犎dr=0.58μSv/h、犎γT=0.5μSv/hZ.æÚ,XcóÇG|}ý:狋=0.5106ln00..5580=0.30cmSTãJKv_Æ$:ðZ4.5cm|qrstu,6Z0.3cm|ÇÄ,STã6Z(1mm~2mm|`ÁÂÐ[。Üþ:STão(4.5cm|qrstu,3mm|Ç-0.2mm~0.4mm|`ÁÂ%,JK789d2G:$;<=<>:≤1.0μSv/h。rsæìMNOP,Æ]2345:$mYZJK789G=>γ;<=<>。a",ÆMN^_HI45GJK。13 犌犅犣/犜201.4—2015犆(:)252犆犳56w+:¡L¢,&-.d£<+¢¤犆.1252犆犳56w+:¡L¢L0C.1。犆.1252犆犳56w+:¡L¢§XÊ01DÈk<¬01j«γDÈk<γ¬3}γ/n:$;<=<>?lÔW`MeVs-1mg-1MeVs-1mg-1¬;?l2.65a2.35b2.4×109a0.75c1.32×1010c0.06caá2ISO14152。bá2《ab+cÿ》ì。c~p?@)q"þMN¥(ISO141520.05;《01jE"》1.3×1010、0.07)。252Cf01j018YJK|}G7ÉÆOØGgNc5v_GJK|}。F7Éých:a)·¸¹-stuJK01G¢;ZY01DÈkLC.2:J:"2xQRSTq"r21kÌE:6}jsnRGSTlp24。犆.21μ犵+252犆犳½¾¿À、N、©ª«¸5Á°56TUVUWoÃÄij+I¯c)JKMN0Ãγ=>nR;<>GMN:———·¸¹0Ge(tuv10.33b)tu01HI2.23MeVG=>γR,Y252Cf01jGÏÐγnRF¬wxJK。,252Cf01EF2345GJKMN%,`kyz=>γRÃJKGab。———~p252Cf01jGÍ01、Î01、ÏÐγnR-=>γnR;<>Y·¸¹|}G7ÆÒVgNJK7892G=>γnR;<>。Í7LC.3。17 犌犅犣/犜201.4—2015J:"2DP1246HealthandSafety(TID4500,UC41):252CfShieldingGuide。犆.3252犆犳56w¬56、Å56、ÆÇγ,&APQγ,&TUWo©ª«ij+I¯18 犌犅犣/犜201.4—2015LM=È[1]InternationalStandardsOrganization.ISO141522001.NeutronradiationprotectionshieldingGesignprinciplesandconsiderationsforthechoiceofapproperiatematerials,Firstedition,PrintedinSwitzeland,2001[2]xQRSTq"r21kÌE.6}jsnRGSTlpICRP15kÌEG{g.|ò},~.¡:1kÌ,1981[3]NCRPReportNo.79.NeutronContaminationfromMedicalElectronAccelerators.IssuedNovembder1,1984[4]D.H.Stoddard,H.E.Hootman.DP1246HealthandSafety(TID4500,UC41).252CfShieldingGuide.SavannahRiverLaboratory,ContractAt(07.2)1withtheUnitedStatsAtomicEnergyCommission,1971[5]IAEAReportsSeriesNo.47.RadiationProtectionintheDesignofRadiotherapyFacilities.Vienna,2006[6]NCRPReportNo.151.StructuralShueldingDesignandEvaluationforMegavoltageXandGammaRayRadiotherapyFacilities[6]D,2«.nRSTäj.~j:nRjYJK.¡:1kÌ,1987[7]||,.01jE".¡:aÌ,198419'