DZT0134-1994孢粉学术语.pdf 44页

'uz中华人民共和国地质矿产行业标准DZ/T0134一94抱粉学术语1994一10一31发布1995一07一0，实施中华人民共和国地质矿产部发布 目录1主要内容与适用范围································”·····················”···············”···..·.⋯⋯(1)2抱粉学基本术语”·“·“·················“··········”····“·····················”·················⋯⋯(1)3抱粉类型·””·”·”···“·····”·””·”···“········””·“···“·⋯⋯””·”·”·.·····⋯⋯””···⋯⋯(2)4抱粉对称性·····”·”·”·“···“·········”·“··“······””·”·”·“·“···········”“·“···⋯⋯”·“·⋯(3)5抱粉的极性·················”····”··”“·······”················”·”·······⋯⋯””····.····⋯⋯”·“·(3)6抱粉的大小”·”····“·“··········”···”···········“·····························.··············⋯⋯(4)7抱粉的形态·····”·”·····“············”·“·····””·“·············⋯⋯“·.·····················⋯⋯(5)8泡粉萌发孔······“······”·”··”“········””·“········”···”····“····⋯⋯”·········⋯⋯”·.⋯⋯(7)9抱粉壁········”·”·”·············””·”·“·········“···············”························⋯⋯”二(15)1。应用抱粉学名词”·“···················”···“··········“·······················⋯⋯”··.···⋯⋯“·(22)附录A英文索引(参考件)“············”··········⋯⋯“·······································⋯⋯(24)附录B中文索引(参考件.......................................................................................(35) 前言抱粉学是植物学的一门分支学科，也是一门新兴的边缘学科，它与许多学科发生密切的关系，它的资料为植物分类学、古植物学、古地理学、古生态学、考古学和地质学、植物生殖生物学、植物细胞遗传学等学科所应用。随着我国经济建设和生产实际的迅速发展，抱粉学及其研究队伍也随之发展壮大。近20-30年来，抱粉学在探矿、找水、石油开采等科学领域和生产建设中发挥了巨大的作用，出版了几十本抱粉学专著和千余篇研究论文，为国民经济建设做出了突出的贡献。目前抱粉学的专业队伍已经超出了500人。随着形势的发展和需要，于1978年成立了全国抱粉学会，并加入了国际抱粉学会。中国抱粉学会在国际上产生了相当大的影响。科学名词术语是科学概念的语言符号，是思想和认识交流的工具，统一科技名词术语是我们国家发展科技必须具备的基础条件之一。在抱粉研究工作出版和生产工作中涌现出大量的专业名词，而许多名词附在其他专业术语中，用起朱很不方便;很多同一名词各家叫法不一，以致初学者对抱粉学只知其词不知其意。故此，形势迫切要求有统一的抱粉学术语，基本概念和意义，以实现专业术语的标准化，形成共同的学术语言，这对于专业知识的传播，国内外同行的学术交流，以及学科之间，行业之间的沟通具有重要的意义，也是科技成果的推广，应用和技术发展以及科技图书文献的编纂，出版和检索等必不可缺的工具。本标准术语由地质矿产部提出，并由部标委水文工程分技委归口，属地质矿产部标准(规范)编制修订工作计划项目，列入地矿部科技司技术监督处的部标准项目。地矿部科技司于1988年4月25日以地发(1988)046号文关于批复《抱粉学术语》标准项目任务书的正式通知下达了任务。该标准由中科院植物所席以珍研究员和地矿部水文方法研究所李继新副研究员共同负责完成编制工作。1988年5月在北京两单位起草人共同协商，研究标准的内容，选词原则。并聘请中科院学部委员全国植物学会理事长，我国抱粉形态学创始人王伏雄教授为本《术语》的顾问。1988年底完成选词工作。1989年编写术语定义征求专家意见，其中包括著名抱粉学家王伏雄教授和全国植物学家名词审定委员张玉龙教授等13位同行专家评审，并提出宝贵修改意见300条，90肠以上的意见都被采纳。《抱粉学术语》的选词原则按国家标准要求主要考虑经常用的基本词目。在研究整理过程中，地矿部水文方法研究所张文卿和贾淑琴二位同志对本标准词条的收集与整理作了部分工作。本《术语》虽经反复审核和修改，可能仍有一些不妥或遗漏之处，尚望读者在使用过程中继续提供宝贵批评与建议，以便今后修订增补。 中华人民共和国地质矿产行业标准Uz/T0134一94抱粉学术语1主要内容与适用范围本标准包括抱粉学常用的术语。本标准适用于抱粉学的研究、教学、应用分析及国际交流等方面。2抱粉学墓本术语2.1抱粉形态学palynomorphology研究现代植物抱子、花粉和理伏在地层中的分散抱子和花粉的形态结构及其发展规律的学科。2.2抱粉学palynology研究植物泡子和花粉的学科。2.3抱粉分析palynologicalanalysis鉴定和确定地层中保存的抱子花粉种类出现的相对和绝对数量规律，作为测定地质年代和进行对比的一种手段，并对花粉产生、传播、沉积、保存各阶段规律进行深入研究基础上建立抱粉一植被的定性或定量的转换关系，应用泡粉资料解决和恢复地质历史时期的植被和气候环境。2.4抱粉素sporopollenin组成抱粉外壁的一种特殊物质，能抗酸碱分解，它是胡萝卜素和类胡萝卜素醋类氧化聚合的产物。2.5抱子，pores苔醉植物、截类植物产生的一种生殖细胞。2.6花粉粒pollengrains裸子植物和被子植物的雄性器官。2.7蔽类植物抱子sporesofpteridophyta由获类植物产生的抱子。2.8裸子植物花粉粒polengrainsofgymnosperms种子裸露的植物产生的花粉粒。2.9被子植物花粉粒pollengrainsofangiosperms种子在封闭的子房或心皮中发育的植物产生的花粉粒。2.10古抱粉学palaeopalynology研究地层中沉积的抱子和花粉及其在地层中具有古生态、古气候和古地理意义的一门分支学科。2.11大气抱粉学aeropalynology研究大气中存在的抱子和花粉的一门分支学科。2.12蜂蜜抱粉学melliopalynology研究蜜源植物和蜂蜜中抱子和花粉的一门分支学科。2.13醋酸配分解acetolysis用九分醋酸醉和一分浓硫酸配制成的混合液来溶解花粉抱子的内含物和内壁，只剩下抱粉外壁的一种处理方法。中华人民共和国地质矿产部1994一10一31批准1995一07一01实施 Dz/T0134一94抱粉类型3.1同型抱子homosporre指同种蔗类植物的大抱子和小抱子，具有相同形态与结构的类型。3.2异形抱子heterospore.anisospore指同种蔗类植物的大抱子和小抱子具有两种不同形态与结构的类型。3.3单花粉，单分体monad花粉成熟后呈单个存在的花粉。3.4假单花粉pseudomonad实际上属四合花粉性质，但形态是单花粉，从个体发育看，它是由于在四分体时期其他三个小泡子败育的结果.例如莎草科的花粉。3.5单型的monomorphic具有单一抱粉类型的分类单位，在萌发孔和外壁纹饰等方面都具有相同类型的结构。3.6复合花粉complexpol"engrains两个以上的花粉结合在一起，作为一个花粉单t-。通常包括(1)2-4合花粉，(2)多合花粉和(3)花粉块三种类型。3.7多类型抱粉eurypalynous1?有多种抱粉类型的分类单位，表现在萌发儿、外壁纹饰与结构方面的多样性。3.8二型的dimorphic同种植物具有两种类型的花粉。19-合花粉dyad成熟后的花粉二个粘在一起。3.10三合花粉triad花粉成熟时，三颗花粉粘合在一起.成为一个结构单位。3.11四合花粉tetrad小抱子母细胞减数分裂后形成的四分体，成熟时不分离。3.12四边形四分体tetragonaltetrad四分体的四个小抱子排列在同一个平面上，所形成的抱粉是两侧对称的。113P9面体形四分体tetrahedraltetrad花粉在四分体时期，四个小抱子排列成四面体形，即三个小饱子排在一个平面上，一个排在另一个、V-而由四面体形四分体形成的抱粉是辐射对称的。114菱形F9合花粉rhomboidaltetrad具有四个平行侧面和两个倾斜的平行端面的一种四合花粉。3.15多f于花粉polyad山4个以上的花粉粘在一起对称排列形成的复合花粉，16合，32合较常见。3.16花粉块pollinium由一个或多个药室中的全部花粉并合在一起，在传粉时作为一个花粉单位传递。见于萝摩科和兰科植物3.17花粉小块massula(-ae)由花粉母细胞发育来的花粉粒粘在一起，形成小团块，一个药室中至少有两个花粉小块。如兰科的某些植物。 Dz/T0134一944抱粉对称性对称性symmetry4.2抱子花粉的一个面，一条线或一个点的对侧，各部分在大小、形状和排列上相一致。不对称asymmetry4.3抱子花粉轮廓和形状不规则。花粉对称面symmetricalface4.一个花粉粒的对侧在大小，形状和结构相一致的面。袍粉的左右对称bilateralsymmetry4.5具有相互一致或互补的两个部分，或左右两方彼此互为复制品的状况。抱粉的两侧对称bisymmetry4.6参见“左右对称”。饱粉的完全对称isometric4.7无萌发孔的球形袍粉，通过其中心可以分割成无数个对称面。抱粉的辐射对称radiosymmetric通过抱子花粉极轴可以分成三个以上对称等长垂直面，或分成相等的对称部分。抱粉的极性5.1极性polarity花粉形如地球，具有两极:即近极和远极，其形状和结构相同或不相同，等极花粉两极是相同的。5.2抱粉的极pole饱子花粉粒在母细胞减数分裂时期成四分体排列，每个抱粉与四分体接触的点及其对应点。5.3抱粉极区polararea在辐射对称的花粉中，赤道沟或赤道孔向两极延伸终止后，所剩余的区域。5.4抱粉极轴polaraxis从四分体的中心通过单个花粉粒的中心向远离四分体的一端所引伸的一条假想的直线，亦即连结花粉两极的一条直线。5.5袍粉极半球polarhemisphere在等极花粉中，沿赤道把花粉粒分成两个相等的半球。5.6抱粉极面观polarview花粉或袍子的极轴垂直地朝向观察者时的状态。即赤道轮廓。5.7抱粉等极isopolar花粉的远极和近极相等。5.8抱粉等极面isopolarface通过赤道将花粉粒分成两个相等的面。即远极面和近极面相等。5.9抱粉的亚等极paraisopolar,subisopolar花粉粒的两个面(近极面和远极面)稍有区别，例如在大小、形状或纹饰等方面稍有不同。5.10无极的抱粉apolar四分体分离之后，不能分辨出极性或极区的抱子和花粉。5.11异极heteropolar花粉的远极和近极明显不同。5.12隐极cryptopolar极性不明显，两极稍有区别。 Dz/T0134一945.13近极proximalpole在四分体时期，每个抱粉靠近四分体中心的一极称为近极。5.14近极面proximalface通过赤道把抱粉分成两个面，靠近四分体中心的一个面为近极面。5.15近极表面proximalsurface指花粉粒或抱子近极面的外面部分显示的特征。5.16近极半球proximalhemisphere靠近四分体中央的一个半球。5.17远极distalpole在四分体时期，远离四分体中央的一极。5.18远极面distalface通过赤道把抱子或花粉分成两个面，远离四分体中心的一个面为远极面。5.19远极表面distalsurface花粉或抱子远极的外面部分显示出的特征。5.20远极半球distalhemisphere远离四分体中央的一个半球为远极半球。5.21抱粉的赤道equator沿着赤道将抱子或花粉分成两个面(近极面和远极面)的表面分界线。5.22抱粉的赤道轴equatorialaxis通过赤道与极轴成垂直的轴。左右对称的抱粉有两个赤道轴，即长赤道轴和短赤道轴。5.23抱粉赤道面equatorialplane与极轴中央垂直的平面叫赤道面。5.24抱粉赤道面观equatorialview子午线投影时的状态，即赤道平面朝向观察者时的状态。5.25抱粉赤道表面equatorialsurface指赤道面的外面部份所显示的特征。5.26抱粉的赤道投影equatorialprojection极面观时所呈现的轮廓。5.27花粉的子午线meridional与赤道成垂直的线。5.28花粉的子午线投打扦meridianprojection在赤道面观时所呈现的轮廓。6抱粉的大小6.飞大小size指花粉、抱子的体积，通常用极轴长度X赤道轴长度表示。6.2花粉大小的等级sizeclassesofpollengrainsandspores根据抱粉二氏轴的长度，把袍粉分成若干个大小等级。6.3极小花粉verysmallpollengrainsandspores抱粉的最长轴小于10[m6.4小花粉smallpollengrainsandspores抱粉的最长轴为10^-25pm.6.5中等大小的抱粉mediumsizepollengrainsandspores Dz/T0134一94抱粉的最长轴为25^50pme6.6大花粉largepollengrainsandspores抱粉的最长轴为50^-100fam,6.7极大花粉verylargepollengrainsandspores抱粉的最长轴为100^-200pm,6.8巨大的花粉giyanticpollengrainsandspores抱粉的最长轴在200pm以上。7抱粉的形态7.1形状shape指花粉和抱子的二维或三维形态，指花粉、抱子的外观。7.2立体形状stereoscopicshape花粉和抱子的三维结构，指花粉或抱子的立体轮廓。7.2.1球形(圆球形)花粉spheroidal抱粉的极轴与赤道轴之比为7,8^-8=7，比值为。.88-1.44.7.2.2近球形花粉subsphaeroidal花粉的极轴与赤道轴之比为6:8^-8,6，比值为。.75-1.33,7.2.3(具)长球形花粉prolate花粉粒的极轴与赤道轴之比为8,6^-8:4，比值为1.33^-2,7.2.4(具)近长球形花粉subprolate花粉粒的极轴与赤道轴之比为8:7-8*6，比值为1.44-1.33,7.2.5(具)超长球形花粉perprolate具辐射对称的等极花粉，其极轴与赤道之比大于8-4，比值大于2,7.2.6(具)扁球形花粉oblate辐射对称的等极花粉其极轴与赤道轴之比为4=8^6-8，比值为。.5-0.75.7.2.7(具)近扁球形花粉subolate等极花粉之极轴与赤道轴之比为6:8^-7:8，比值为。.750.88,7.2.8(具)超扁球形花粉peroblate花粉粒的极轴与赤道轴之比小于4:8，比值小于。.5,7.2.9拟扁球形花粉oblatoid在亚等极花粉中，形态如像扁球形的等极花粉。7.2.10拟超扁球形花粉peroblatoid在亚等极花粉中，其极轴与赤道轴之比属于超扁球形的。7.2.11船形(舟形)花粉boat-shaped花粉形态形如小船，远极面具一槽，有长赤道轴和短赤道轴之分。7.2.12豆形花粉bean-shaped具单裂缝的抱子，像豆子的形状。7.3花粉的平面形状planeshape抱子和花粉的二维形态。7.3.1圆形花粉circular花粉粒具圆的或近圆形的形状或轮廓。7.3.2近圆形花粉subcircular接近圆形，纵轴与横轴的长度接近相等。 Dz/T0134一947.3.3椭圆形花粉ellipticelliptical纵轴与横轴长度之比为2:1或3:2,7.3.4宽椭圆形花粉broad-elliptic纵轴与横轴长度之比6:5,7.3.5长椭圆形花粉long-elliptic具长椭圆形的花粉极轴与赤道轴之比为8:4，比值为2,7.3.6多裂圆形花粉polylobate-circular由于沿赤道排列的多萌发孔下陷，使极面观呈多裂口的圆形轮廓。7.3.7三裂圆形花粉trilobate-circular由于三沟或三孔沟下陷，使极面观呈三裂片状的圆形轮廓。7.3.8三角形花粉triangular抱粉极面观呈三角形的轮廓或形状。7.3.9近三角形花粉semi-ticngular花粉极面观时的轮廓近于三角形。7.3.10锐角三角形angular-triangular花粉极面时，三角形的三个角具尖的轮廓。7.3.11平角三角形花粉truncate-triangular花粉极面观时，三角形的三个角顶端是平的。7.3.12圆三角形(钝三角形)花粉rounded-triangular,(obtus-triangular)花粉极面观时，具三个圆角的三角形。7.3.13直边三角形花粉straight-triangular极面观时三角形的三边平直。7.3.14凸边三角形花粉convex-triangular极面观时三角形的三边向外凸。7.3门5凹边三角形花粉concave-triangular极面观时三角形的三边溢缩或向内陷。7.3.16三瓣形花粉trilobate由于三个赤道萌发孔强烈内缩使沟间区呈现三裂片的形状。7.3.17近三瓣形花粉semi-trilobate三个赤道萌发孔内缩不强烈，轮廓接近三瓣形。7.3.18四角形花粉rectangular极面观时具四个钝角或锐角的四边形。(与矩形同)。7.3.19六角形花粉hexagonal极面观时呈现六角形的轮廓。7.3.20多角形花粉polygonal花粉极面观时具有多于六角形的轮廓。7.3.21矩形花粉(同四角形)rectangle花粉粒具有形如矩形的轮廓。7.4抱粉轮廓AMBambit饱子或花粉极面观时边缘所显示的形状。7.4.1极轮廓AMBambit见7.4条7.4.2赤道轮廓equatorialcontour.equatoriallimb DZ/T0134一94抱粉的极轴垂直地朝向观察者时所显示的赤道投影。7.4侧面轮廓profile赤道面观时的轮廓。7.4圆形轮廓circularAMB花粉的极面观轮廓呈圆形。7.4多边轮廓polygonalAMB当花粉粒处于极面观位置时，轮廓呈现多边形。级缩多边轮廓constricted-polygonalAMB花粉极面观时多边轮廓的边不直，而呈现出凹陷形状。光切面opticalsection通过显微镜的光线，以焦距所显示出的抱子花粉轮廓或断面。7.4.8无定形nonfixiform没有一定的形状。抱粉萌发孔8.1萌发孔aperture,treme抱粉外壁上的开口或变薄的部分。包括长的沟和圆的孔以及带有内孔的复合萌发孔。8.2萌发孔的位置apertureposition根据抱子和花粉粒在四分体时期所处的位置以及与其他抱粉粒之间的关系而分为近极萌发孔，远极萌发孔和赤道萌发孔。8.2.1极萌发孔polaraperture萌发孔位于花粉的近极或远极。8.2.2近极萌发孔catatreme位于花粉粒近极面的萌发孔。8.2.3远极萌发孔anatreme萌发孔位于花粉的远极面。8.2.4赤道萌发孔equatorialaperture萌发孔沿花粉粒的赤道呈环状排列。又称环萌发孔。8.3萌发孔的种类typesofaperture8.3.1复合萌发孔complexaperture由长的沟和位于沟中央的内孔，或孔孔(内孔)两部分组成的萌发孔。8.3.2简单萌发孔simpleaperture指萌发孔为单一形式组成。8.3.3规则萌发孔nomotreme形状和排列都规则的萌发孔。8.3.4不规则萌发孔anomotreme指花粉外壁上萌发孔的形状不规则或排列不规则。8.3.5角萌发孔angulaperture极面观时萌发孔处于每个角的位置上。8.3.5.1平角萌发孔truncate-aperture花粉处于极面观时，萌发孔位于顶端钝平的角上。8.3-5.2(具)凹边萌发孔sinuaperturate花粉处于极面位观时，萌发孔位于凹边的弯处中央。 Dz/"r0134一948.3.6边萌发孔marginalaperture花粉处于极面观时，萌发孔位于每个边的中央位置。8.3.6.1(具)直边萌发孔planapertuate花粉粒的极面观为角形(常常为三角形)其边是直的，每个萌发孔的中心位于两个相邻角之间的中央位置。8.3-6.2(具)凹萌发孔fossaperture花粉处于极面观时，轮廓呈圆深裂片状，萌发孔位于裂片间的凹处。8.3-6.3(具)凸萌发孔lanceaperturate花粉处于极面观时，萌发孔位于凹边轮廓的角上。8.3-6.4(具)弧(萌发)孔circulaperturate花粉极面观时，位于圆形轮廓弧上的萌发孔。8.3.7散萌发孔pantotreme均匀或接近均匀地分布于花粉球面的萌发孔。8.3.8周面萌发孔poriaperture萌发孔均匀地分布于花粉粒的球面上。8.3.9球面萌发孔globalaperture见8.3.7条。8.3.10环萌发孔zonaperture.zonotreme沿花粉赤道排列的萌发孔，其中心位于或接近于赤道的萌发孔。8.3.11(具)环状萌发孔zonaperturate具环状排列的萌发孔。8.3.12(具)螺旋状萌发孔spiraperturate带状萌发孔呈螺旋状排列，像aphyllanthes,berberis,eriocaulon等花粉一样。8.3.13拟螺旋状萌发孔spiroidaperture带状萌发孔像螺旋状排列。8.3.14无萌发孔nonaperture.atreme泡粉外壁仁无任何萌发孔或薄壁区。8.3.15拟iH发孔aperturoid.tremoid界限不明显的萌发孔8.4ai发孔的形状apertureshape萌发孔的形状(-f.价位tri,“基本上可分为几片类型:(1)长的沟状萌发孔，(2)圆的孔状萌发孔(3)带状萌发孔或环状萌发孔。8.4.1("J状萌发孔colpate-aperture萌发孔的长轴为短轴的2倍或大于2倍。B-4.2孔状萌发孔porate-aperture萌发孔的长轴和短轴相等。8.4.3槽状萌发孔salcate-aperture指花粉远极面的长形萌发孔8.5萌发孔的数[Iaperturenumher花粉粒上所具有的萌发孔数8.5.1单萌发孔monoaperture花粉粒只具一个萌发孔。8.5.2双萌发孔diaperture,ditreme Dz/T0134一94花粉外壁上具有两个处于相对位置的萌发孔。B-5.3三萌发孔triaperture,tritreme具三萌发孔的花粉。8.5.4四萌发孔tetratreme位于赤道上的四个等距萌发孔。8.5.5五萌发孔pentatreme五个萌发孔沿花粉赤道等距排列。B-5.6六萌发孔hesatrieme沿花粉赤道排列的六个等距萌发孔。8-5.7多萌发孔polytreme,polyaperture花粉粒具六个以上的萌发孔。8.6(具)孔的porate花粉外壁上的圆形或近!MI形萌发孔。8.6.1单孔ulcus一个孔状萌发孔在花粉的远极或接近远极。8.6.2(具)远极单孔anaulcerate在远极面具一个圆孔。B-6.3近极单孔cataulcerate在花粉粒的近极面上具一个圆孔。8-6-4(具)环孔zonoporate沿花粉粒赤道排列的孔。8.6.5(具)圆孔(orate花粉具圆形或近圆形孔，分散排列在花粉的球面上。8.6.6(具)双孔diporate具两个圆形或近圆形萌发孔。8.6.7(具)双内孔piorate在沟中具两个圆形或近圆形的内孔。8.6.8(具)三孔triporate具三个圆形或近圆形的孔。B-6.9(具)四孔tetraporate具四个圆形或圆形孔的花粉粒。8.6.10(具)四异孔tetradheteroch孔分布于花粉的极面和赤道面位置，即三个孔排列在赤道上，一个孔排列在远极。8.6.11(具)多孔polyporate指花粉粒具六个以上沿赤道排列的圆孔。8.6.12(具)内孔orate处于沟中央的孔。8.6.13(具)拟孔poroidate花粉外壁上的薄壁区不明显，像孔，但轮廓不清楚。8.6.14拟内孔oroid在复合萌发孔中，内孔只有在侧面观时才显示其断面的孔。8.6.15(具)孔孔的porarate具内孔的孔。 Dz/T0134一948.6.16(具)散孔foramen沿花粉球面分布的圆形孔状萌发孔，又称圆孔或周面孔。8.6.17(具)散孔孔pantopororate沿花粉球面分布的圆形复合萌发孔。8.6.18拟散孔(拟圆孔)foraminoud,(foramioid)花粉粒球面分布的萌发孔，类似散孔的分布。8.6.19假孔pseudopore不是花粉管正常出口的孔。8.6.20(具)少圆孔oligoforate花粉表面的孔少于12个.8.6.21(具)多圆孔的(散孔的)polyforate(见周孔polyperiporate)8.6.22(具)环内孔zonorate沿花粉赤道排列的长度/宽小于2的圆形或微椭圆形萌发孔。或者沿赤道排列的复合萌发孔的内孔联结成一个赤道内孔区的圆形或椭;0形萌发孔。8.6.23(具)环孔孔zonopororate沿花粉赤道排列的具有内孔的孔。8.7(具)沟的colpate指长萌发孔，其长轴的长度至少为短轴的2倍。8.7.1(具)单沟monocolpate花粉粒所具有的一个长形萌发孔。8.7.2(具)双沟dicolpate花粉具两条沟。8-7.3(具)三沟tricolpate花粉具三条沟，沿赤道排列。8.7.4(具)四沟tetracolpate花粉具四条沟，沿赤道排列。8.7.5(具)五沟pentacolpate花粉具五条沟，沿赤道排列。8.7.6(具)多沟polycolpate指花粉粒具六条以上沿赤道排列的沟。8.7.7(具)横沟colpustransversalis;transversefurrow在花粉壁上.位于沟下面内层上的一个长形开口，它的长轴与真沟垂直相交横沟可以合并成一个连续的赤道沟，或形成分离的横沟。8.7.8(具)环沟zonocolpate与赤道垂直排列的沟。8.7.9(具)周沟pericolpate规则地分布于花粉整个球面的沟，又称散沟。8.7.10(具)散沟pantocolpate均匀而规律地分布于花粉的整个球面的沟。8.7.11(具)异沟heterocolpate花粉粒具沟和具孔沟两种萌发孔类型。8.7.12(具)周异沟periheterocolpate DZIT0134一94花粉粒表面所均匀而规则分布的沟与孔沟。8.7.13(具)多异沟的multiheterocolpate在同一个花粉粒上具有六个以上的沟和具孔沟或具孔孔相间排列的萌发孔。8.7.14(具)外沟ectcolpate外壁外层变薄形成的沟。8.7.15(具)线缩沟constricticolpate沟在赤道部位级缩。8.7.16(具)隐沟cryptocolpate在花粉粒的表面投影上看不到沟的轮廓，而在光切面上容易看出的沟。8.7.17(具)假沟pseudocolpate不是花粉管的正常出口，而是一沟状条痕的开口。在功能上只起调节作用。8.7.18(具)拟沟colpoidate类似于沟但轮廓不明显的萌发孔。8.7.19(具)短沟brevicolpate沟短，其长度等于或短于从沟端到极的总距离。8.7.20(具)特短沟brevissimicolpate在具孔沟或具盾状区的花粉中，长度等于或小于内孔或盾状区直径的沟。8.7.21(具)合沟syncolpate具沟的花粉，其沟向极延伸，并在极区汇合。8.7.22(具)副合沟parasyncolpate具沟的花粉，在沟的末端分岔，并与邻沟末端的分岔相连接，在极区留下一个一定形状的区域。8.7.23半沟demicolpus(-i)由于沟在赤道部位溢缩或内孔膜升高使沟在赤道上隔断而产生。8.7.24(具)半沟，(同半沟)demicolpate花粉粒具半沟。8.7.25(具)双半沟diplodernicolpate一个花粉具有两套半沟，一套在近极面，另一套在远极面。8.7.26(具)合半沟syndemicolpate具双半沟的花粉沟在两极汇合，近极面的半沟在近极汇合，远极面的半沟在远极汇合。8.}.27(具)侧合沟，ynclinicolpate花粉粒上沟的汇合处不在极部而在其他部位汇合的合沟。8.7.28(具)远极沟anacolpate沟状萌发孔在花粉的远极面位置。8.7.29(具)近极沟catacolpate位于花粉近极面的沟。8.7.30(具)赤道沟equatorialcolpus(-i)沿赤道排列的沟状萌发孔。8.7.31(具)无沟acolpate花粉外壁没有长形萌发孔。8.8(具)孔沟colporate沟中具内孔的萌发孔。8.8.1(具)双孔沟dicolporate两条沟中央真内孔的复合萌发孔。 Uz/T0134一948.8.2(具)三孔沟tricolporate三沟中央具内孔的复合萌发孔。8.8.3(具)四孔沟tetracolporate四条沟的中央各具一内孔的复合萌发孔。8.8.4(具)多孔沟polycolporate指花粉具六条以上的复合萌发孔。8.8.5(具)周孔沟pericolporate均匀而规则地分布在花粉的整个球面，并具严格的几何图形的复合萌发孔。8.8.6(具)散孔沟pantocolporate(同周孔沟)8.8.7(具)拟孔沟colporoidate具拟内孔的复合萌发孔。8.8.8(具)拟沟孔colpoidorate具复合萌发孔的花粉，沟不明显，但沟中的内孔明显。8.8.9(具)合沟孔syncolporate指具复合萌发孔花粉的沟末端延长并在极区汇合。8.9薄壁区tenuityleptoma花粉外壁具有类似萌发孔，但没有典型萌发孔的明显界线的变薄区域。8.9.1小薄壁区microlept外壁变薄的区域很小。8.9.2长薄壁区prolept外壁变薄的部位是长形的，长为宽的2倍或大于2.8.9.3远极薄壁区analept外壁变薄的区域在花粉的远极面。8.9-4近极薄壁区catalept外壁变薄的区域在花粉近极面。8.9.5单薄壁区monolept花粉外壁具有一个变薄的区域。8.9.6乳头状突起papilla花粉粒的萌发孔由外壁内层升高形成长度大于高度的中空指状突起。8.9.7乳头状突起出口exituspapilla在乳头状突起顶端的开口。8.10Insulcus[i]指花粉远极面或近极面上的长形或沟状萌发孔，长与宽之比大于2,8.10.11卜槽sulculus(-Ii)槽状萌发孔平行于赤道或赤道与远极之间。8.10.2(具)单槽的monosulcate花粉远极面或近极面上的一条长形萌发孔。8.10.3(具)近极槽catasulcate槽位于花粉的近极面。8.10.4(具)远极槽anasulcate槽位于花粉的远极面。8.10.5(具)环槽zonisulculate12 DZ/T0134一94花粉具有一个环绕赤道或平行于赤道的带状或环状萌发孔，其末端可能联结或不联结。8.10.6(具)近极环槽catazonasulculate在花粉近极面上具一环状或带状萌发孔。8.10.7(具)双槽disulcate两条长形萌发孔位于花粉的两极.8.10.8(具)三歧槽trichotomosulcate在花粉的远极面上呈三裂缝状或三叉状的槽状萌发孔。8.11裂缝sutura抱子在四分体阶段，四个抱子接触时留下的痕迹，具有单裂缝和三裂缝两种类型。8.11.1(具)单裂缝monolete旅类植物抱子近极面具有1条裂缝。8.11.2单裂缝痕monoletemarking从近极起源点延伸出的一条射线，为四分体时期四个抱子接触的痕迹。8.11.3(具)三(裂)缝的trilete抱子近极面具三叉状的裂缝。8.11.4三裂缝痕triletemarking从近极起源点辐射出的三条射线，为四分体时期四个抱子彼此接触的痕迹。8.11.5三射脊triradiateridge三裂缝痕加厚升高形成的突起。8.11.6四分体痕tetradmark,tetradscar抱子在四分体时期，四个抱子相互接触时所留下的痕迹。8.12沟界极区apocolpium沟延伸到两极终止后所余下来的沟端连线的区域。8.13孔界极区apoporium由极区向赤道方向延伸，直到孔间区极部界限为分界，所形成的区域，称孔界极区。8.14极区加厚polarcrassitude两极区外壁增厚，比其他区域厚一些.8-15沟间区mesocolpium.intercolpium.两沟之间，上下以两个沟端的连线为界限的区域。8.16沟间的intercolpar指两沟之间的区域。8.17沟间距intercolpardistance两沟之间的距离。8.18沟间加厚intercolparthickgning两沟之间外壁加厚的区域。8.19沟中线colpusmedian,mediaumcolpi把沟分成两个对称部分的线。8.20沟边缘costacolpi(furrowrim)外壁沿沟边加厚部份。8.21沟桥(同赤道桥)colpusbrige(equatorialbridge)在沟中央区域具膨大的突起或孔膜升高在赤道部位形成乔状结构.8.22沟膜colpusmembrane覆盖沟的外壁外层变薄部分称为沟膜，其表面光滑或具某种纹饰。 Uz/T0134一948.23孔间区mesoporium花粉粒上两萌发孔之间以它们共同的切线为界的区域。8.24等距的equidistant指花粉的萌发孔分布是等距离的。8.25孔盖opercule孔膜加厚而形成的盖状结构，其结构与花粉粒的其他外壁部分相同。8.26(具)桥状盖pontoperculate花粉粒的萌发孔升高，末端与萌发孔周围的外壁合并形成桥状结构。8.27孔膜poremembrane,membranepori花粉孔上一层薄膜。8.28孔环annulus;halo围绕着孔边的外壁加厚或变薄形成的环状区。8.29内孔环endanulus指近内孔处的外壁内层沿孔边的环状加厚部分。8.30内孔间区mesorium花粉粒上两个相邻内孔之间及其横的共同切线为界的区域。8.31(具)横长Ialongate花粉复合萌发孔中横向延长的内孔。8.32(具)纵长lolongate具复合萌发孔的花粉粒，其内孔向两极延伸并与极轴平行的内孔。8.33内折endoplicae由于相邻孔腔之间的外壁内外层肿胀分离而形成的小通道。8.34(具)厚缘crassimarginate花粉粒上加厚的萌发孔边缘。8.35弧形带arcus(-arci)花粉萌发孔之间外壁呈弧形加厚(如alnus)8.36孔缘porecosta.costacport沿肴花粉孔边外壁加厚形成的环状结构。8.37f[$labrum在近极而卜裂缝与其余外壁之间由于外壁增厚或雕纹升高所形成的过渡区域。8.38辐射区radialregion在三裂缝袍子中.裂缝顶端的区域称辐射区。8.39辐射I司区inter-radialregion在扭裂缝抱子中.两条裂缝之间的区域称辐射](si]区8.40接触区contactarea抱子在四分体时期，四个抱子在近极面彼此接触以射线与弧边为界相互接触的部位。每个接触区由四分体痕中的裂缝和侧面相界。8.41顶区apicalfield位于付合沟花粉极_!几的三角形到多边形的区域，边的数目决定于沟数目。8.42(具)腔cavate在花粉萌发孔处，外壁外层与内层分开所形成的空腔。8.43内腔。trium孔区的内层大部分消失.内外层分离形成的内孔为外孔的三倍以上，称为孔庭或内腔。例如杨梅l4 Dz/T0134一94属(myrica)8.44孔腔(孔室)vestibule,vestibulum孔区的外壁内外层分离而形成的空间。后腔postvestibulum花粉孔区的外壁内层分离，形成一个腔与内孔相通.例如极属(tilia)型花粉。46前腔praeverstibulum在花粉外壁外层与内层之间分离形成与孔相连接的空腔。又名前庭。NPC分类法classification按花粉萌发孔的数目(N)位置(P)和萌发孔的类型(C)来分类。48(具)盾状区aspidoteaspidate围绕一个萌发孔外壁加厚区域，像圆屋顶一样从花粉表面突起，通常超出花粉表面轮廓。抱粉壁抱壁sporoderm抱粉外壁、内壁和周壁的总称。9.2周壁perine;某些蔗类和苔鲜植物抱子最外面的一层薄膜状的壁，是绒毡层解体后的剩余物质。9.3层次stratification组成花粉或抱子的垂直分层结构单位，具有不同图案，不同电子密度或不同化学性质的成层结构现象。9.4外壁exine指抱子花粉外面的坚硬部分，它是由类葫萝卜素或类葫萝卜素酷类的氧化聚合体所组成，即通常所说的抱粉素。它能抵抗酸碱处理。9.4.1外壁层次exinestradification组成外壁的垂直分层结构单位，是由外壁外层和外壁内层组成，外层与内层的结构和化学性质均不同。9.4.2外壁外层sexine具雕纹和结构的外壁部分，处于抱子花粉外壁的最外面一层。9.4.3加厚cassitude外壁部分区域变厚。9.4.4变薄tenuitas部分外壁的厚度减少。9.4.5外壁上层ektexine,ectexine用化学方法来划分外壁层次，经过适当染色后，呈现深色的外面部分为外壁上层，包括橙盖层、柱状层和基层。(与sexine不同，sexine只包括覆盖层，柱状层)。9.4.6外表层ectosexine,ektosexine有些花粉外壁外层分两层，外壁外层的外切向部分。9.4.7外里层endosexine外壁外层由两部分组成，外壁外层的内切向一层。9.4.8内表层ectonexine,ektonexine无结构的外壁内层分为两个层次，即内表层和内里层。内表层指介于外里层与内里层之间的一层;而内里层则指表层与内壁之间的一层。9.4.9内里层endonexine Dz/T0134一94参见“内表层”。9.5外壁结构exinestructure指外壁内部的层次，组成特征和表面的各种雕纹图案。9.5.1粗盖层tectum受柱状层支持的外壁、外层最外面部分，类似屋顶状的一层结构。9.5.2(具)粗盖层一无穿孔的tectate-imperforate花粉覆盖层上不具开口，也可称完全覆盖层。9.5.3(具)覆盖层一穿孔tectate-perforate花粉覆盖层上的开口，直径小于外壁的厚度。9.5.4(具)无粗盖层intestate由游离小柱或暴露的柱状层形成的外壁外层。9.5.5(具)半祖盖层semite.tate橙盖层上开口的直径大外壁的厚度9.5.6毅盖层上supratectal雕纹分子从橙盖层表面升高所形成的图案。9.5.7租盖层上图案s-pattern同“橙盖层上”。9.5.8筱盖层下intratectal基层与覆盖层之间的细节或图案9.5.9被层tegillum在被子植物花粉外壁外层中，由柱状层的小柱顶端切向延伸并连接形成的同质或非同质层。9.5.10被层图案st-pattern由被层本身所产生的图案。9.5.11被层上的suprategillar由于雕纹分子从被层外表面升高所形成的图案9.5-12被层It1图案i-pattern花粉的被层内或厚被层内的分子所产生的“隐图案”。9.5-13被层F的，被层IKl的，nfrategillar花粉外壁内层与被层之间的细节或图案9.5-14(it)波状被层unditegillate由于花粉被层本身厚度的变化，或者Ft:T-小柱的长度变化，而出现起伏不平的波状结构，其上表面V盖的被层，称为波状被层。9.5-15(具)厚被层crassitegillate被层的厚度(深度)两倍于或更大于支柱棒的长度.或比被层与内层之间的空间深度大两倍以上9,5-16厚被层内intratectal限于内层及其上厚被层之间的(厚被层内)细节和图案。9.5.17(具)穿孔被层punctitegillate花粉被层具有细小穿孔。9.5-18柱状层;小柱columellae花粉外壁外层中支撑盖层的棍状分子，呈辐射状排列，其基部与基层或外壁内层相连，顶部与概盖层相连。9.5-19柱状结构columelarstructuret6 DZ/T0134一94柱状层内小柱的形态。9.5.20基层footlayer支撑柱状层的一层同质层，与覆盖层和柱状层的电子密度相同;其位置介于柱状层与外壁内层之间。9.5.21外壁内层nexine不具有结构的同质外壁，处于外壁外层与内层之间。9.5.22片层lamella(-ae)构成某些花粉外壁内层的单位片状结构。(例如裸子植物花粉的外壁内层)。9.5.23外壁下层(电镜下)endexine经过适当的染色以后，一般在外壁内面呈现浅色的同质层，或具若干片层状结构，其位置在基层与内壁之间;为抱粉素性质。9.5.24厚内层crassinexinous花粉的外壁内层至少比外层厚两倍。9.6内壁intine抱粉壁最里面的一层，紧贴于细胞质膜之外的一层壁，一般在萌发孔下加厚，为纤维素性质，不能抵抗酸碱处理，化石状态下的花粉无内壁。9.6.1内壁外层exintine指花粉内壁的外面一层。9.6.2内壁加厚oncus(复，onci)花粉内壁在萌发孔下面明显增厚。9.7雕纹纹饰sculpture,ornanentation抱粉外壁上的起伏所形成的各种结构图案。9.7.1平滑(光滑)smooth(psilate)完全平滑的外壁表面，不具可见的外部起伏特征。9.7.2(具)光滑被层的psilotegillate被层表面是光滑的，无任何起伏。9.7.3近光滑subpsilate表面粗糙不平，但较模糊。9.7.4(具)穿孔perforate覆盖层上的开口直径小于1Jim者。9.7.5粗糙scabrous花粉表面具有突起小于1pm者。9.7.6突起processes在外壁上升高，突出于轮廓线的任何突起。9.7.7矮突起nano-processes外壁上突起的最长轴<0.5pm,9.7.8小穴foveola(-ae)花粉外壁表面上的凹陷，其直径大于1pm。凹陷的直径小于它们之间的距离。9.7.9大孔穴forea(-ae)指整个花粉外壁上的小凹陷，或指不具孔环，界限不清的孔。9.7.10小沟渠fossula(-ae)指花粉表面具细长而弯曲、排列不规则的小凹陷。9.7.11(具)多褶PolvPlicate DZ/T0134一94形似沟状褶皱，用于描述麻黄(Ephedra)和百岁兰属(Welwitschia)等的花粉粒。有的作者又称为侧沟。颗粒granule,granum花粉外壁上细小的圆形突出物，其直径不超过它们的高度。9.7.13(具)内颗粒intra-granulate覆盖层下面的结构分子呈现出圆的颗粒状图案，7.14(具)内皱块状intra-rugulate及盖层下面的结构分子不规则地延长所形成的图案。9.7.15内雕纹intra-sculpture,infra-sculpture指覆盖层内面的结构9.7.16耳auricula(-ae)指抱子赤道区突出于轮廓线的膨大部分。9.7.17小瘤tuberculae指花粉表面突起，其高度等于或大于宽度的雕纹分子‘9.7.18(具)疵verrucate抱粉外壁表面具有宽大于高，基部不收缩的半球形突起。(具)微虎microverrucate外壁表面具有高度小于工pin的小疵a(具)胞芽状geminate抱子或花粉外壁表面上具有头部圆而膨大，基部缩小.高度与宽度大致相等的雕纹分子。(具)巴豆状图案croton-formpatterns外壁表面的雕纹分子排列像巴豆样图案。网胞brochus由一个大网眼和联接相邻网眼的半个网脊组成。(具)少网胞oligobrochate在具网状纹饰的花粉中，在极半球上少于15个网眼的。9.7.24(具)中网胞mesobrochate在具同型网状纹饰中，左极半球上具1:-45个网眼的。9.7.25(具，异形网胞heterobrochate外壁七的网状纹饰具大小和形状不一致的网眼。9.7.26({委)同型网胞homobrochate花粉外壁表面的网状纹饰具有大小和形状一致的网眼。刺spines顶端尖的雕纹分子9.7.28(具)小刺spinulate袍粉外壁上不超过3pin的尖头小突起。(具)近刺状subechinate具末端钝尖的纹饰分子。9.7.30微刺vestigialspines,microspine高度小于1pin、末端尖的纹饰分子。9-7-31(具)流苏状fimbricate;fringed花粉粒边缘具长丝状的，比毛稍粗的突起。9.7.32基柱鼓褪pilum(复pila) Dz/T0134一94具一膨大的末端(头部)和棒状颈部(柄)高大于宽的雕纹分子。(具)亚基柱subpilate具小的，类似基柱的雕纹。(具)合基柱sympilate具合基柱的花粉，其基柱的头部互相靠陇或合并。9.7.35基柱群pilarium在花粉外壁上，由若干基柱合并形成的群体。9.7.36(基柱的)头部caput基柱顶端的膨大部分。棒baculum花粉外壁表面上的雕纹分子。高度大于宽度，基部不缩小，高于1Km的柱状或棒状分子。(具)内棒intra-baculate指覆盖层下面的小柱。9.7.39(具)单棒simplibaculate网脊由单行棒组成。9.7.40(具)少棒的oligobaculate由单棒组成网脊的网状纹饰中，包围网眼的网脊上棒的数目少于相邻的数目。(具)多棒的multibaculate在具网状纹饰的花粉粒上，网脊由两行以上的棒所组成。棒群bacalarium(复bacularium)花粉外壁上，由合并的棒所组成的集合体。棍棒clavat(-ae)花粉外壁表面上，高度大于宽度，并沿基部逐渐变细高于1Pro的凸起分子。9.7.44(具)棍棒的clavate(名clave复clavae)外壁具棍棒状的纹饰。9.7.45(具)倒棍棒状obclavate花粉外壁上的雕纹分子，呈辐射状突出，高度一般在1pm以上，顶端比基部细。46(具)小棍棒状clavate(名clava复clavae)高度大于宽度，上部与基部宽度相等的雕纹分子。47蓖齿pecten花粉外壁外层中，因棒状分子的伸长使外层分离而形成密而窄的羽状开裂片。48被层上突起suprategillarprocesses被层表面的纹饰分子。赘物、突出物excrescence赘物也称突出物，可能是或不是真的外壁生长物。9.7.50赤道突出物equatorialprojestion花粉在赤道上明显升高突出于轮廓的部分。如花石花粉Aquilapollenites(具嚎粉)有之。赤道环cingulum,equatorialrim在三裂缝抱子中，外壁沿赤道区或亚赤道区加厚形成一环，称为赤道环。赤道缘equatorialflange沿着花粉粒的赤道所形成的外壁内层加厚部分称赤道缘。赤道边饰equatorialfringe指赤道上具有不整齐的各种结构，如毛、流苏状、圆柱状、带状、或分枝的，或网状结构。 Uz/T0134一949.7.54(具)刺脊echinolophate花粉表面具有连结或分离的脊，其脊背上有刺，这种脊称为刺脊.9.7.55(具)近刺脊subechnolophate脊状突起的顶端呈锯齿状。9.7.56(具)脊状隆起lophate花粉壁表面的隆起形成脊，通常联成网，比网脊较高的雕纹分子。如蒲公英属(Taraxacum)的花粉粒。9.7.57(具)近脊状sublophate类似脊状突起，或由类似于脊组成网脊。9.7.58(具)网状纹饰reticulate雕纹分子在饱子、花粉表面排列形成一个开放式的网。9.7.59网脊muri网状纹饰中的壁，其宽度小于网眼的直径，高于网眼的高度。9.7.60窄网脊angustmuri网脊的宽度为网眼直径的1乃或更小。9.7.61宽网脊latimuri网脊的宽度等于或大于网眼的直径。9.7.62(具)直网脊retimurate网脊基本上是直的。9.7.63(具)龙骨状网脊carinimurate网脊稍弯曲，祥子像龙骨形状，例如八角属Illicium和羡黎属Tribulus,9.7.64(具)曲网脊curvimurate网脊弯曲的网状纹饰。9.7.65(具)断网脊fragmentimurate网脊不连续。9.7.66邻孔脊paraporalridge分隔相邻两孔之间的距离。9.7.67隙!句脊interlacunarcrest;(crista;lists;ridge)花粉粒外壁上两隙之间的距离，分隔相邻两隙之间的脊。9.7.68蠕虫状worm-shaped外壁表面上的纹饰分子像蠕虫状的形状。9.7.69念珠状rosary外壁表面上的球状雕纹分子连结形成类念珠的图案。9.7.70(具)皱块状rugulate花粉外壁上具有不规则分布的，切向伸长的纹饰分子(脊)，其长度大于宽度的两倍以上。9.7.71(具)嚼烂状ruminate沟边缘的雕纹分子很不整齐，形似嚼过的一样，或呈粗糙的皱纹。9.7.72(具)条纹状striate(名striae单stria)花粉表面隆起呈长条状，并多少为平行排列的雕纹分子。9.7.73条脊vallum(-valla).lira(-ae)在花粉外壁表面上呈切向分布，多少为平行的，长条状的，顶端稍尖的隆起。9.7.74(具)内条纹intra-striate由孤盖层里面的结构分子伸长，并平行排列的。 DZ/T0134一949.7.75(具)条纹一网状striate-reticulate具条纹状的网状纹饰，即网眼和网脊排列近于条纹。9.7.76网眼lumina网状纹饰中直径大于网脊的宽度，低于网脊的高度的腔。即被网脊分隔的空间。9.7.77小网眼scrobiculus(scrobiculi)在花粉表面的网纹上，网眼或多或少呈圆形，而网脊的宽度大于网眼的直径时，称为小网眼。或花粉表面具有很微细的洼点。9.7.78(具)真网eureticulate由半覆盖层形成的网状纹饰.9.7.79(具)近网状subreticulate穴状纹饰的小穴直径扩大时，则接近网状纹饰。9.7.80(具)拟网状ornate网脊弯曲，网眼不封闭的纹饰。9.7.81(具)脊网状lopho-reticulate由脊状隆起形成的网状雕纹图案。9.7.82(具)表网supra-reticulate具全覆盖层的花粉中，位于覆盖层表面上的网状纹饰。9.7.83(具)负网状areolate(negativereticulum)与网状纹饰相反，指网脊低于网眼的高度。9.7.84(具)内网intraretculate(内网infrareticulum或infrareticulum)由覆盖层内所产生的隐图案形成的网状结构。9.7.85(具)基柱网retipilate网脊由基柱组成的网状图案。9.7.86(具)基柱群网retipilariate由基柱群排列而成的一种拟网状雕纹。9.7.87蜂窝状alveola(-ae)具有规则的结构、形状和大小一致的凹陷，像蜂窝一样的图案.9.7.88(具)点纹(或微孔)punctate抱粉外壁上的点纹或微孔直径小于1pun.9.7.89(具)纹孔，具洼点的pitted(同穿孔)。9.8具气囊花粉9.8.1本体corpus(corpora),body具气囊花粉的主要部分，位于两气囊之间。9.8.2帽。ap具气囊花粉的体，其近极部分(背面)所具有的较厚外壁。如松科花粉。9.8.3帽缘capridge;cristamarginalis具气囊花粉帽的外壁加厚部分。9.8.4气囊saccus(-sacci)由花粉外壁外层向外扩张升高形成具立体网状结构的囊状体，通常为两个，位于体的两侧。9.8.5(具)单气囊monosaccate只具一个气囊的花粉。9.8.6(具)二气囊的disaccate21 DZ/T0134一94具两个气囊的裸子植物花粉。9.8.7多气囊polysacci具三个以上的气囊。9.8.8(具)周气囊perisaccate气囊位于本体的周围。9.8.9近极基dorsalrootofthebladders在裸子植物具气囊的花粉上，气囊与本体在远极面相联接的部位。9.8.10远极基ventralrootofthebladders在裸子植物具气囊的花粉上，气囊与本体在远极面相联接的部位。相应用抱粉学名词10分散抱粉disposalsporesandpollengrains102埋藏在岩石中，与母体植物分离的抱子和花粉。抱粉化石(化石抱粉)fossilsporesandpollenorpalynofossils103地质时期中岩石或土壤内、粪便里等保存下来的抱子和花粉。属型genotype指确定一个新属时的代表种(化石抱粉的命名根据二名法即属名+种名)，凡确定一个新属时，必须要有属型，每一新种要有模式标本)。形态属form-genus亲缘关系不明确的属和种，不能归于自然科的属，但可能属于更高级的分类单位。根据抱粉的形状和特征来命名，形态属在不同程度上是人为的。10.5花粉频度pollenfrequency以百分比(相对频度)或花粉浓度、花粉沉积速率(绝对频度)来表示的花粉含量。10.6饱粉型palynomorph指10-200pm大小的微体化石类型。(如抱子、花粉、刺球、藻类、甲藻类)。10.7抱粉统计sporo-pollenstatistics通过对地层中化石抱粉的离析，鉴定并统计所含类别的百分频度的过程。10.8袍粉浓度pollenconcentration在单位体积(单位重量)的样品中所含袍粉的粒数。10.9抱粉组合palynologicalassemblage表示岩石一定层位标本中.大致所含的全部抱粉成份。10.10袍粉带pollenzone以抱粉的组合特征为依据划分的一段地层。10-11抱粉谱polenspectrum表示岩石中一定层位标本的全部饱粉(以数量表示其中各科的频度)或样品中泡粉区系的百分比组成。10.12抱粉式pollenformula山」系列抱粉谱图解所组成。10.13袍粉相palinofacies反映的饱粉组合所复现植物群的生态特征和沉积环境。飞0，14袍粉沉积率pollensedimrntationrate(polleninflux)在单位时间内，单位沉积表面积上所沉积的抱粉粒数。其单位为粒/单位时间单位沉积表面积。泡粉地层分带palynostratigraphiczonation1e}.o15 DZ/T0134一94根据地层中所含抱粉化石的组合特征所划分和对比得到的地层分带。10.16泡粉植物群palynoflora根据分布于某一地区、环境、层位或时代地层中的抱粉组合，恢复出当时和当地的植被.10.17原位抱粉sporesandpollenoforiginal"position(spore-polleninsitu)埋藏在岩石中未离开母体植物而保存在抱子囊和花药中的抱子和花粉.10.18模式标本holotype确定新属、新种的那分标本(要注明采集地点、层位、描述日期、薄片保存地点及作者姓名，并附有模式标本的图像或照片)。10.19器官属organ-genera根据植物的某个器官来划分的属，器官属在亲缘关系上可归于一个自然科或科以下的单位，器官属名往往带有指示其亲缘关系的前缀。 Dz/T0134一94附录A英文索引(参考件)acetolysis(1)acolpate········，.·····“·”······，·”·········”·············“·“·“，”，···“·”一4............................(11)aeropalynology(1)alveola(-ae)(21)AMBambit(6)anacolpate(11)analept(12)anasulcate········.....·⋯⋯“。”...............................................................“二“.。“。“。(12)anatreme(7)anaulcerate(9)angulaperture(7)angular-triangular(6)angustmurt(20)annulus,halo·，。·，·····························.····⋯⋯。......‘·····⋯⋯“。⋯”。····，⋯“。。二”。···⋯⋯(14)anomotreme(7)angulaperture(7)aperturenumberapertureshapeapertureposition(7)aperturoid.tremoid(8)aperture,treme(7)apicalfield······“··。··························“·······“···”·······，.···“·”·”·“·”·“··”·····“··⋯⋯(14)叩oiar··，.·一····，······”·········“····，········”···，，，’····.................................(3)apocolpium(13)apoporium.....................................:......................................................................(13)arcus(-arci)(14)areolate(negativereticulum)(21)aspidoteaspidate·····························“·····························..·.⋯⋯，·，···········，.···一(15)asymmetry.···············.·········.·.·········⋯⋯”·⋯.⋯“.”⋯“·，”··..⋯⋯”‘··⋯’”(3)atrium(14)auricula(-ae)·，，····..·.··.·.·........·..·.⋯⋯，二。.。⋯⋯。二。二。.，。.。二。.....................。二。.。。·。。.。二。⋯(18)bacalariumbaculum二:::} Dz/T0134一94bean-shaped······················“·······················“················“·························⋯⋯(5)bilateralsymmetry”·”·”·”··””··”···”·····························································”···一(3)bisymmetry”·“·“·“······“·“·”···“·”·”·”·”·”···”·”·”··””·”····”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”··””⋯(3)boat-shaped”·”·“···“····”·”····”··”·······““·“·“··“·······⋯⋯‘·······.····“···············⋯⋯(5)brevicolpate”·”·“·“·“·”·”·”·”··”·“···“·“····“···“···············，············“···“.·········一(11)brevissimicolpate”·”····”·”···“·“···“·“··“”·“·“···“··“····“····“·····“·.··““·“··⋯⋯(11)broad-elliptic”···········“·“····”·”····”·”··””·”··””·”·”·“·”·“·”·”·”··”···“”·“·”·”·“一(6)brochus.................................................................。二。....................。二。”。.。二。”。“。”。(18)Ccap(21)capridhe;cristamarginalis”····”·”··”·””······“········“·“········“·······“········“·””·⋯⋯(21)caput(19)canmmurate(20)cassitude(15)catacolpate“·”·“·“·“·”·”·”·”·“·”·”··”·””·”·”·”·”·”·”··”······”·”·”·”·”·”··””·”·”·”一(11)catalept(12)catasulcate·····⋯⋯“二““。⋯“.“。“。”.“。“。.””。“。”。”二。“。⋯“。.”“.”。”。⋯”。。““。“。.”“。二“.(12)catatreme(7)cataulcerate(9)catazonasulcuate(13)cavate”.”.”.”.”.”.”..⋯，....⋯.⋯，“二“，..“.“.“⋯“⋯“.“.“.“.“.“.“⋯“.....⋯⋯，..(14)cingulum,equatorialrim(19)circulaperturate····“·“·“·”·”·”···“·”·”·”····”·”····”·”·”·”·”··””·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”一(8)circular(5)circularABM(7)classification(15)clava(-ae)(19)clavate(名clava复clavae)(19)davat(-at):”⋯“·，.。.””。”.”。”·..················.···························⋯⋯“·⋯(10)colpate(10)colpate-aperture(8)colpoidate(12)colpoidorate(12)colporate(12)colporoidate(12)columellae(16)columelarstructure(16)colpousmedian,mediaumcolpi(13)colpusbridge(equatorialbridge)(13)colpusmembrane”·”·········“····”·”·”····”·······“········“··“··“·“·“·“·“·”·“·“·“··““⋯(13)co扣ustransversalis;transversefurrow·····“·“····“·“··“·”“·”····”·”·“····”·“·”·”·”·”··”·(10)complexaperture(7)25 Dz/T0134一94complexpollengrains.......................................................................................“一(2)concave-triangular”··-·““·“·”·····“·“·“·”·”···“·“·“·“·”·”···“·“·····”·”·“·“·“··一(6)corpus(corpora),body”·”··““····”·”····“········”··”···“······”一”·“····””·”·”.·.“·“一(21)constricticolpate··”····“·“·“·”·······“·······，.··“”·“···”一，”····“·“·“···，”·.····“·”··“”·(11)constricted-polygonalABM·‘················“·······，，，”··············，····“·········，···········“⋯⋯(7)contactarea.“:”·“。“。”.”。:“。“。“。”。”.“二。”。”。”。”⋯“。“。”。.。”。.⋯“。.。“。”。.。”。“·”，(14)convex-triangular“·”·”····“·“·”·”·”··“”····”··，“·“·······，·””·“·“········”·”·⋯，···一(6)costaco场i(furrowrim)“·“····”·”··“·····”······“······”····”···”·····”··”·””。“·“····“⋯(13)crassimarginate·””，”·”··，.“·“·”·”··“··“··“·””····“·····”，”·····““·“·“··”··，”·”····“··一(14)crassinexinous···⋯⋯””。”。⋯.“”。”·”。·⋯“·“”二””。.”.⋯。二。”。.。二。”⋯⋯。”。“。二。”。“。.。。⋯(17)crassitegillate·····“·”·”········”“·”·”····“·”·”·”·”·”·····“····””···”···“·”·”·”·”··，.“·(16)croton-formpatterns”········.··”····”··“”··””·”·”··“··“·“·”·”·······“··“”···”··””·⋯⋯(18)crypotocolpate·····”·”·····”··”，·········“·“··””·········“‘“··””·····“·““··””··””·”······一(11),}ryptopolar‘······，·”·····“·········””·····“，.·”··””···“··，’“·”·”，·””····‘“··”，·””·”·····，.”·(3)curx_murate.........................................................................................................(20)demicolpate····”·，.·······..............................................................................“一(11)demicolpus(-i)······“··”·······“·”·”····“····””·”·”·.·“·“·”·”·”·”·”··““·”·”·”·“··⋯(11)diaperture,ditreme···············”········“·”·”·”·，-···“·“，·””·”···“·····“·”·”···“··一(8)dicolpate·””········”·””·”····“·“·”·”·”·“··””·⋯”·.·“·“，”·”·”·”·”二”·”“二‘····”······一(10)dicoiporate”·····””，”·”·········”·”·····““·“··””，.····““‘“，”·”·········“”，”···”·“·“·“一(11)dimorphic......................................................................................................“一(2)diplodernicolpate”·”·······”··，”····“·“·”·”····“·“·“·”·”····”·““·”·”··”········“·“·”··一(11)diporate·········”··”·····“·”··········“·“·”·”·····““·“··””··⋯‘··“·”·”·”·······“·“·“·”⋯⋯(9)dlsaccate·‘·“····，········”··········“··”··················”···············”····························⋯⋯(21)disposalsporeandpollengrains“·“···“········，·”···················”·····”···，···，.···‘··“·⋯⋯(22)distalface.............................................................................................”二”:.“，”。(4)distalhemisphere········”·”·········”·····”···”·“···”·············“·“·”·”·······“·“··””··”··一(4)山stalpole·····，·········“··················”·····”·”·”·”·····“‘··”·“·“··.·”·“”，“·”·”·”·”··一(4)dtstaisurface·····，，·······“··········””·“·········，，，·””·”··········，，，·””········，····”·”·⋯⋯，·，，，(4)disulcate··············“·”·····················，.····”·········“·“，·””········‘·””·”····”···””·(13)uorsairootofthebladders··················”····“····“·“··””·······“·“·”·”·”····“·”·”·”·”⋯⋯(22)dead·····⋯⋯”·”⋯⋯。..·.····，⋯⋯”。”⋯⋯“。“。.””。”二““，“。”。”······⋯⋯“。.””。”。”··⋯“(2)echinolophate···············””·····“·”···”···“·“·“·”·“·······“·”·“·“·”·，.·“·“····一(20)ectcolpate···”··················“·”·”·”·“······”·”···“·“····””·”·”···“·“·”·”·”·“·“一(11)ectexineektexine··“·”·········，···“···”···“·”·”·”········“···”·”·”·”·······”·”·”·”·····“·一(15)ectonexine.ektonexine.........................................................”一，.······，”，·······”:(巧)ectosexine,ektosexine··········，·······”·”·”····“·“·”····”···，·“·”·”·”···，···“·”·“·····一(15)ellipticell币tical········”·········“·“··········“····”·······“·“·”·······“·“·”·”·”··⋯(6)endexine·······。。二”。······..⋯⋯”·⋯⋯。”。”··⋯”。”。.。“。·⋯“。”.”·”。”·”。·⋯“.”。”。“‘”·(17) DZ/T0134一94endanulus............................................................................................................(14)endonexine............................................................“一“·“···，.···”·”·”··，”···“⋯(15)endoplicae，.·”一“一”，····”·”·”·”·”，··”·”·”·”···”··。··“..·”·”··‘”·“·“·“·”·”··，”⋯(14)endosexine“·“···“···.·”···”···”·”·”，··”·”·”···”·”·“·“···“·.·“···”···”···“·“·“·“一(15)equator··.·····”·”·”·”·”·”·”····”·”···一’””····“·“·“·””·”·”·”·”··“”·”·“·····一””一(4)equatorialaperture”········”····””·，”···“·”··············””··””·”··““·“··············”一(7)equatorialaxis.................................................................................................，一(4)equatorialcolpus(-i)................................................................................................(11)equatorialcontour,equatoriallimb”·”···”·“·“···”···”·”·”···“·“·“·“···”·”·”·”·”·”一(6)equatorialflange”·”···..“····”·······”···”·”····.“····”·”··，·‘“··“·“····，’·”·”一(19)equatorialfringe............................................................................................·一(19)equatorialplane”··“”·”··········“····，.····”·”···“·“，”········“”·”·”，·“”·“·“·“·········”一(4)equatorialprojection··”·”·”·”·”·“·“·········”·”·”·”·”·“·”·“················”·”·”·“·”·“·⋯(4)equatorialprojestion”·”·“·”·”·”·”‘“···“·“·“······，“”·”····”·“····““······”·”·”·“·“一(19)equatorialsurface..............................................................................................·一(4)equatorialview·”·”·””，”·“·”·”··““·”··““·······”·”，”·“·“·“·“·“············”··””·”·“⋯⋯(4)equidistant······”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·“·“····““·········”·”·”·”·“····“············”···”····“·⋯⋯(14)ektexine,ectdxine”·”·”·”·”·”·”·“·“·“·················”·”··”“·························”··⋯⋯(15)eureticulate·““·“·“·········“·········”，·”“·”·“·“···············”·”·”··““·“················.一(21〕eurypalynous“·“·”·”，”·”·“··。“··””·”···········””，·””·”·“。·······，···””····”·”·”·”·····一(2)excrescence“。.“.”“。“。。⋯.⋯“··⋯”·”·””。。二”二。.“⋯⋯“⋯。”。”.”，·“.”“。·“⋯.⋯，。·””。”。(19)exine”·”·····“·“·“·······“·“·”·”·”··””·“·”·“·············”·”·”··”“·”··············”一(15)exintine”。·“.。“。“·“.“。⋯“·⋯”·”。”。”，·“”。”。“。“.··⋯⋯”.”。”。”。”，⋯“。“·“⋯⋯，，二“.”。“。(17)exituspapilla....................................·“····“”·······“·“·，·····.‘···，····”，····“一(12)exinestructure.................................................................。二”⋯“。.’..·····⋯⋯.。.⋯”(16)exinestradification”。”。”。”.“。“。。“.““···⋯⋯”·”。⋯“..·······⋯⋯”·”。”。..·····⋯⋯(15)fimbricate{fringed··········”·”·”，”·“·“···············””·“··，·····················⋯⋯(18)footlayer·““············“········”·”·”··“”·“·“·“·······””····“·“····”····”···········“·⋯⋯(17)forate“·“··““···“···”·“·············”···“·”·”···“················”·“······“··········”·”·⋯⋯.(9)foramen”·，.·“·”·”·”·”··‘，.‘“·“··············“”·”··”·”·‘··············”··“···················“一(10)foraminoud,(foraminoid).........................................................................................〔10)forea(-ae)·⋯⋯””.”.”。”“。“.“.“。“二”.....................................................................(17)form-genus·“·····”····”·”·”··””·”·”·“·”·”·“··············”·”···“··“········”···”·“·⋯⋯(22)fossaperture“·“············““··········”····””·”·”·····.’“···········”····“·················“··⋯(8)fossilsporesandpollenorpalynofossils..........................“·····，.····一“·，.·，·，，.········一(22)fossula(-ae)··················”··””·”·”，·”“·”·”·”·”·············”·”·······“·······”·”，·····“·⋯(17)foveola(-ae)·············”······”·”·”·“·”··”“··““·············”··”···”···············””·····⋯⋯(17)fragmentimurate"”·”·“·”.......................................................................................(20)(18)gemmate Dz/T0134一94只enotyte(22)globalaperture·‘”‘”’·一’”’”(8)giyanticpollengrainsandspores(5)granule,granum(18)Hhesatrieme”·”·····················“···“·“·“·“·“·“·”·“·“·“·“··““·“···“·······“·····“··“:(9)heterobrochate.............................................................................。二。”。“。“。“。“。二。“。(18)heterocolpate··“·“···”·“···”·”·”···”·”·”··””·”·”··””····””·”·”·”·”·”···”·”···“··””·(10)heteropolar”·”·”··””·”··”············································”·········“····················一(3)heterospore,anisospore···························“··············“·········.··“··⋯⋯”··””一(2)hexagonal”·”·”····”········································”················”·”··一(6)holotype························”·”····“·”·“·”·”····”·”··········”·”·“·”·“·”·“·“··““··“·⋯(23)homobrochate二“.”二。.⋯””。”.”.”。”。·”·”·”⋯”。·””.”。”。”。二。”。“。”。”.”.”。”·”。”。“。”。”。(18)homosporre·········“···”···“··“·””·“····”·”·”·”·“·“·“·“·“·”·“·”·“·“·“·“·”·”·“·“·”一(2)heterobrochate··⋯“。二。..⋯”。”。⋯”。”。⋯”二。”.”·⋯”。”。”。⋯”。”。”。“。“。”。“。”.”·”。”.”。.。(18)infratectal(16)infrategillar(16)mtectate..⋯“”..⋯⋯，:.“.⋯.，.“.“.⋯“.“二““.“.⋯“.“.”.“.“.“.“.“.”.“.“.“.“⋯“⋯”.“.(16)intercolpar”···············“·“·“·“·“·“·“····“·“·”·“·“·”·“·“·”·“·“·”·“··““·”···“·“·“二(13)intercolpardistance(13)intercolparthickening(13)interlacunarcrest,(cristatlists,ridge)(20)inter-radialregion(14)吐n牛Ine(17)川tra-baculate(19)intra-granulate(18)intrareculatc(内网intrareticulum或infrareticulum)(21)intea-rugulate(18)intra-sculpture.infra-sculpture(18)intra-trtate(20)infratectal(16)ipattern⋯’二”.··.··.··...........·...⋯⋯“.“:.“⋯“..........⋯⋯.’:.““二’.“”’”’”.”.”.”..⋯(16)isometric(3)isopolar·························“·········“················”····”···“·”·“······“········“·”二(3)isopolarface(3)Llabrum(14)lalongate(11)lamella(-ae)(17)28 DZ/T0134一94lanceaperturate”，········“·“·”·”·”·”，”·”····“·······”···”·”·”·”···”·····“·····⋯⋯(8)largepollengrainsandspores··“·“···”·”·······“·“·“·“·········”·”，”·”·”···”·⋯⋯.(5)latimuri“·····“···“·“·“·”·”···”·“·“⋯“···”·”··.-”·”·“·····“·“···”···”·····”····一(20)lolongate................................................................:.........................................(14)long-elliptic.............................:...........................................................................(6)lophate········”“·“·“·”·”·”····“·“···”·”···········”·”⋯”·····“···“·“···“一”··一(20)lopho-reticulate”·”·”····““····”·”·····”·········“·“··“”·“··”·””····”··””·”·”······”····⋯⋯(21)lumina”·”·”，”·”·”.···”·”····”·”.·.“··“··“···“····“”······”···”·”····”·········“····“⋯(21)Mmarginalaperture”··”····“·“·“·“·“·“·“·“·”·”·”··””·”····“····“·.·“·“····””·“·”·”·⋯(8)massula(-ae)”··”·”····⋯⋯”“·“·“·“·“·”·”··””·”··”·······““·“···“·“··““·“·”·”····”·”一(2)mediumsizepollengrainsandspores”·”·”···············“·“·”···”·”·”··””·”····”·······⋯⋯(4)melliopalynology··“···“·“·”·”·”·”···········“·““··“”·“·“·”···”·”·”·”·”················⋯⋯(1)meridianprojection·”··················““·”·“······································”···”·“·”·⋯⋯(4)meridional···“·”··””·”···················“·”·”·”·····”·····”·······················“·““·“·“··一(4)mesobrochate··············“·“·”····”······························“·········”·”·”·”·”····”·⋯⋯(18)mesocolpium,intercolpium···”···············“·········“·”··””·”··””·”·”·····”···············⋯⋯(13)mesoporium·····“···“·····””················“·“····”·”··””·”········”························⋯⋯(14)mesorium..........................................................................”···”···············⋯⋯(14)microlept”··”············“·“····”·”······”··············“·“·”·”·”····”·”············⋯⋯(12)microverrucate二。······⋯⋯“。“。⋯”。”。”····················⋯⋯。.。⋯“。“。⋯”.”。·..·.⋯⋯”·⋯⋯(18)monad”·”···············“·“·”·”·”·”···························”····“·”··”·”··”····”·········⋯⋯(2)monoaperture········.·.“.””····”····························.····“··””·”··”·””···············⋯⋯(8)monocolpate··········“·”·”·”·················“····“·”·”······”·”···············⋯⋯.(10)monolept”········“·”·“·”·”·”····”·······“······“·”·”····”·”··················“···“一(12)monolete···“·”·“·”·”·”·”··················“·”··”“·”·”·”·”·························““·“·“⋯⋯(13)monoletemarking..........................................................................................·二，··⋯(13、monomorphic········“···“·”·”·”·”·”·”············“···“···“·“···“···“·”·“········”·(2)monosaccate··⋯”·⋯“二“”.“。”。“。”·”。·””···········⋯⋯.“⋯⋯.。二“...................(21)monosulcate·”···”············“·“·“·”·”·”·”····”⋯”·········································“··⋯⋯(12)multibaculate”····⋯⋯“.⋯“。”。”.”。”···········⋯⋯”·············..···⋯⋯“·“。⋯。“·....⋯⋯(19)multiheteroco场ate········“···”···”·”···············································⋯⋯(21)muri·。.。二“.“。“。“.“.”·”··⋯⋯.。“.”.”。”。⋯”·”二””.”·”·”.”二”·····················。·(20)nano-processes········“·”·”·”·”·”·····················“··“··“···“·“···········“··⋯⋯(17)nexine(erdtman)”。”.”。”··⋯⋯.。.。二“.”。”。”.”。”。”.”。”。”·”。”。⋯”二。”二。”·⋯”·”二“二(17)nonaperture,atreme····“···”···”·”····”···········································⋯⋯(8)nonfixiform“····”·”·”······”“·“······”·”··””···”·”·”·············”·”二””·”·”·”·····”·(7)nomotreme:”·⋯⋯“。“。.“”.””。.”···········⋯⋯“。⋯“二。·““。⋯.⋯。·⋯“。“。“·⋯(7)Ooblate(5)29 DZ/T0134一94oblatoid”···⋯⋯.“。“。”。”二”.................................................................................(5)obdavate····，.···“···”·”·”···“·“···“·“·”·”.””···“·“···”···”···.···“·“···“·”·“一(19)oligobaculate·”··“·“·“·”···”·”·”·····“·“···”·”·”·”·”·······“···”···”······。“·”··⋯(19)oligobrochate”··““·“····”·”·”··········“·“·····””·”·”······“·“·“·····”··”······“·“··“···“一(18)oligoforate”·”·”··““·”·”·”··”·······“·“·”·”·”··”·····”·“·“·“···········”·”·”·······⋯⋯(10)oncus”·”·”，·····“··””·”·”·”·····“·“·“····”··”···········“·”······”··⋯”·“.·..·“·“.·⋯.(17)opercule····”·”·”··”·····“·“··””·”··”“···“·“··””·”·”·”，:.“.“.”.······”·······”···“一(14)opticalsection”·”·”···“·“·“·”·”·”·“····“·“·“··“”·”·”·”·...···················”·····⋯⋯(7)organ-genera一’””·”··“.·.·.”.”.””·”···.“.·.“.“”·”·”·”·”一“”..⋯“·“·⋯”·.⋯⋯”⋯(23)orate“···”·”·············””···············“·“·“·”·”·”·”·······“.·“·“····”···”·”·”·”····”一(9)sculpture,ornamentation···”··········“·“·“····”·”·”·”···”·“·“·“·“·”·”···”·”·”·”·”·.一(17)ornate”。.”.·.·⋯⋯.。.””.”····⋯⋯“。“。.“”。”。”···⋯⋯“。“。“。”。”。”。”。”。”·”。:”。··，.·(21)oroid.····⋯⋯.。..⋯”·······⋯⋯”。”。”.”。··⋯⋯.。“。“。“。“。”。”。”。”。:“·.⋯。⋯。:.“.(9)palaeopalynology(1)palinofacies(22)palynoflora(23)palynologicalanalysis一palynologicalassembla(22)palynology二(1)palynomorph(22)palynomorphology(1)palynostratigraphiczonation(22)pantocolpate(10)pantocolporate(12)pantopororate(10)pantotreme(8)papilla(12)paraisopolar,subisopolar(3)paraporalridge(20)parasyncolpate(11)pecten“:.’.......⋯⋯’⋯”...........⋯⋯’二’”⋯⋯“.’”‘:.”.⋯.⋯“.“.”.”.”.”.”’”’”⋯’”’”(19)(9)pentotremepentacolpate(10)perforate(17)pericolpate(10)pericolporate(12)pertne(15)periheterocolpate(10)pensaccate(22)peroblate(5)peroblatoid(5)30 DZ/T0134一94perprolate”·”·”·“·“···”·”·”·”·······“····“···”·”·”·“·“·“····”·····””······”·”··一“···⋯⋯(5)pilum复pila)“·“·“·“·“·”·”·”·”······“··”“·“·”·····“····“”·”·······，.···“···“·“··一(18)pilarium”·“·“····““·“·“·“··””···”····”······“·“.··”·”····“····”··”··”·”·”·”，”····⋯⋯(19)piorate”·“·····“·“·“·“·“·“·”···，””·”······“·”··””一，.·“····”··”···”·”·····”······“⋯⋯(9)pitted”·”·”··“··“·“·“········““·“·“·”·”·”······“··“”·“·”······”····”···”·········”·”一(21)planaperturate”·”·”·“·“·············..·“····”·····，··”·.··”···..’······”····”······“·····”··⋯(8)planeshape“······“······”·······”·······一...............................................................(5)polaraperture··”···“·············”·”·”·····.“·····””···“··············“·······“·“·······“‘“(7)polararea”·”·”·”··”·“·“·“⋯⋯。”·”··“····“·······”..······”..·········“····“·“···”··“⋯(3)polaraxis···”··“”·”··”·””··“·“”··”········””··”·.···”二”·，.“·····”······”二”···”·······”·⋯(3)polarcrassitude”·”·”·”·”·“··””·”·”·”·”·”·”·.·“·“·”·⋯”·.·“·”······”····””······”一(13)polarhemisphere”·”·”·“···”·“·”·”·”·”··”··”·····“···”··””····“····“·“····“·“···“·“·”一(3)polarity······················“·········“···“··“”·”·”····”··“··”··””····””····”····”·······⋯⋯(3)polarview...........................................................................................................(3)pole“···“·“·“·“·“···“·“·“·“·”·”·”·”····”·”一‘·““····“”····”···.“·“········.·······⋯⋯(3)pollen(pollengrain)“···”·”·”·”·”·”·········“·“·”·”···”·······“·········“·“·“··⋯(1)pollenconcentration”·”·”·”·”·”···”···“·“·“·“·“···”·”···”··“········“···“·“··““·“一(22)pollenfreguency”·”·”·”·”·”··”····“·····“·“·“·“·”·”··””···“···“·“·“·“·“·“·“·“·“一(22)pollenformula····“···“·“·“·“·“·“·”·”·”·”·”···················“···“·”···”·”·”·”·”·”·“·”一(22)pollengrains“·“·”·“·”·”·”················“···“···“·”·······””··””····”········”··”····⋯⋯(1)pollengrainsofangiosperms”······················“··““·”·”·”·”··“”·”··“”··””·”·”·”·”一(1)pollengrainsofgymnosperms··········“·“··“··“····”·”··”“·“···”·“··“”·”··””·”·”·”·⋯(1)pollensedimentationrate(polleninflux)”···”·”·”·”··.”·”·”···”···”·”·”·”一“·⋯.⋯“·(22)pollenspectrum”·”············“·“·“·“·”·”·”·······”··”···”·············”···”···········“·“一(22)pollenzone”·”·”·········“·····”·”·················“·········“···“··““·“·”·”·”·”·”·”·”一(22)pollinium”·····““···”··”···········“·“·”··””·”····”······”··””·”·”·”·”·”·”·”··”·”···⋯⋯(2)polyad”·”····“·“·”·········“·”·”·”·”·”····”······“·············”······”····”·”·”···········-·⋯(2)polycolpate···”一”···“·”·”·”··”···········“····“··································“·········‘·⋯(10)polycolporate”·”······”······“·“·”·”·“··””·”····”··””·”···”·”·“···”···”··””·”····⋯⋯〔12)polyforate”·”·····“”··”···“·”·”·”一’·····“·“······“··········”··”··”·”··””·”一‘”·”····⋯⋯(10)polygonal”·”·“·“·”·⋯’·’·’·’·’·‘“’”‘””·”·”···“·”·····“·”···········“······“⋯⋯‘6)polygonalAMB·”··”二‘“‘·’”⋯’二’·’·’·’·’·’·’二’⋯’·’二‘“’”‘“‘·，.’”’··⋯‘·‘，.⋯’·’二(7)polylobate-circular··“·”·····“·“”·”·”·····················”······“···············““··“·····⋯⋯丈卜)polyplicate..............................................·一’·.⋯‘··.··”·“·“······················⋯⋯(17)polyporate”··”······“·”··········.“一’”’””·”·”·”·”·”···“·············”·”·”·”····”·”·”··”⋯(9)polysacci“·“·“·“·”·”·”⋯‘“.”一’”.·.·⋯⋯.’··········”·“·································⋯⋯(22)polytreme,polyaperture···”·”·”···.“.·.“.”.“.·.“.“··.··”·”···“·”·“···“·“·“···“·“·“·⋯(9)pontoperculate{194;porarate一。，。。porate“·”·······”·”·“·······“·”··””·.········”·“·“·“··““·“·.·”·”·”·“·”·”···“·“···“·“·“一(9)porate-aperture·····”··““·”·”····.·.“.“.”.”.””·”····”·“·“··········”····”·”··””·”·”，”·”·⋯(8)porecosta,costaepori···“··”······“.·.”.”二’””·”·”·“····“············”··········”······”·⋯⋯(14)poremembrane,membranapori·····”··”···””·”·”·”·“·”·“············”·”················”·⋯⋯(14)3t Dz/T0134一94poriaperture··········“···“·”········““····“·”····“·“·“·······“·“·“·“·“·“·”·”·”····““··””，(8)poroidate···········““·“·””··”“·“··””···”····“·”·”······“·“·“···”·“·······“”·”·”··””·(9)postvestibulum......................................................................................................(15)praeverstibulum··········‘···················”··，·························································，一(15)processes·····，，·，·，·”········，，，·，·，··”···············，······‘··‘···，，·，，一“·“‘····‘···，·，，一，.·‘·····⋯⋯(17)profile........................................................................:......................................(7)prolate“················”·”·······.····”·”·”······“·“··””··”二‘·“”·”·”·········“·“··”····””·(5)prolept”·”·····“·”·”·，········“·”·”·”·······”“·”··”·····。·”“···”·”·······”·“··“”·”·”⋯⋯(12)distalhemisphere，，·”··········，··”·”·············，”，·””····，···，，”，·”·”··‘···‘·”.”···”·”·····““·(4)proximalpole......................................................................................................(4)proximalface”··”······················“·“···”·······“··””··”········“·”··，”·····““·”·”··””·(4)proximalsurface···········”············““···············“·”··””·······“·”·“·”·········“·“··”一(4)pseudocolpaet···，···”···”··。······“·”·”·”·······”·····””··········““·”······，”·”·“·”·“·“⋯⋯(11)pseudomonad·，.···“·”·········，’·“·”········“”·”·”·，.·····”·”·”·········”·”·”···“··，’“·(2)pseudopore···········”·············“”·”······，··.·”·”··········“·“··””·”·········”·”·”··⋯⋯(10)psilotegillate············”···········“·”···········““·”··········“·“····”·”·······“·“·”·”·”·⋯⋯(17)punctate”·“·.·········”一“···””·”·”···一“·，”··””·.”.”.··”·”·”·”·”一“.”·”·”·”··“”···一(21)punctitegillate··，·，·”·‘········，·，”，··········，”····，”...............................·一”“·“····⋯⋯(16)Rradialregion······”·”········”·”······“·“··”·”······“··“·”·”··········”·”·”·”···“·”⋯(14)radiosymmetric·····，·············”·······“·“··············“”·“·”·”，”····““。“，”，”··””···。··。”一(3)rectangular·····”·······“··””·”········“···”·····“·“·“·”·”·”·”·“·“·”·”·”·”·”·”·”一(6)rectangle·········”·”·····“·”·”·”··········”·”·”··········一“·”·······“·“·”·”·”，”·(6)reticulate······················”··········“”·“···············“···”·············“·“·”·”············一(20)retipilariate···············”·········“”·”·······“·“···”·”·”···········“·““·“···，···········“‘”一(21)retipilate·，.·········”·“···········”··“·········“·····““·“········“···“·“·“·”·”·”····“·“·”，”·(21)retimurate···。··⋯”。·····⋯⋯。”。.”············⋯⋯”二”·”·，.⋯⋯.“。“。.⋯。”··⋯“。“。“.”。”·(20)rhomboidaltetrad·········“···”·············““·”··············“·”·”·”·”············“·”·“·”⋯⋯(2)rosary·········，.·············”·····，··········“·‘·····················”··”·············”·“··””·”······一(20)rounded-triangular>(obtus-triangular)·················，············，········‘······················一(6)rugulate········，.············，.，”············”····“·”··········“·“·”·······“···“··”“·，.⋯(20)ruminate···.····⋯⋯”···⋯⋯‘.⋯”····。······⋯⋯”，”。··⋯.⋯“.“.”。”·⋯⋯.“二。”。(20)Ssaccus(-sacci)(21)cabrous(17)scrobiculus(scrobiculi)(21)sculptureornanentatton(17)enutectate(16)em!tnangu飞ar(6)乡户，nltrilobate(6)cexine(15)32 Dz/T0134一94shape...........................................................................................................·一(5)simplibaculate...................................._..................................................................(19)simpleaperture·····”·”···“·“·“······“·“·”·”·”····“··“···“·“···”·”·”··””·”·”··········⋯⋯(7)sinuaperturate”·”·”·”·”·····“·“··“”·”······，·····”·”·”·”··”······“·”·“·“·····““··”“··““·(7)size”·”。”。”。.。“。“。“。“。.“”。“。“。“。.。”.”。”。⋯“。“。”。”。.。”。”。”⋯。“。“.“。.⋯“⋯“。“。”。“。(4)sizeclassesofpollengrainsandspores“·”···”····“·“·“······”·”·······“····“·“···“·“·“一(4)smallpollengrainsandspores“····“”·”·”···，···“·”·”·”··”···················“·“·“···“·”⋯(4)smooth(psilate)“···“····“···“·“·“··“”·”······“·”·”·”······“····“·“·“····”·“·”·”···”⋯(17)s-pattern............................................................................................................(16)spheroidal··········””·”··”···”··········““·“·”·”·”····“一‘”··”·””········“·········“····“·⋯(5)spines............................................................................................................“一(18)spinulate”·“·········”·····”·········“·”·“·”·”··”········“····”·”··········“··············⋯⋯(18)spiraperturate“·“·················“····””·”·”··”···········”·”·”················“··········⋯⋯(8)spiroidaperture“·“·“···”·”·”·”·”·······“·········“·“·”·”·”·······““·····“···“·“···“一(8)spores”·”·”·”·“·“··“··”·“·”·”·”·······”···········“·“······”·”·”·”··“····““·········⋯⋯(1)sporesofpteridophyta·”·””···········“·“·”·“·”·”·”·”·”···”·······“··““·”·“··““··““·”一(1)sporoderm·······················“·“·”·”·”··””························““·“·”·”···”·”·”·”·”·”一(15)sporesandpollenoforiginalposition························“·“·”·””·”·”·”·”·”··一(23)sporopollenin··”·”·”·”·”·”·············“·”·”·”···“·”·“··”·””···”··············⋯⋯(1)sporo-pollenstatistics····“···“”·”··””····················““·“···“·“·“·”·”·“·”···”·”一(22)stratification”⋯。··⋯“。“。“。“。”。”。·⋯.。········⋯⋯“⋯“二。..........................................(15)st-pattern·····“···“·”·”·”·”·.···········“········“·”·“·“···”·”·”·”·”·”····”····”··”····””·(16)steresoscopicshape“·”·”····”····”····“··“·”·“·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·””·”一，·”·””·”一(5)straight-triangular···“·“·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”··”············“······“·“·“·“···“·”·“·“·“·“·“一(6)stratification”·”···········“···“··””·”·”·”·”····”·······························“···“···⋯⋯(20)striate”.”。·”···⋯⋯“.“.“，”.”.”.”，”·”·····················⋯⋯“⋯“二““.“.“.“二。.⋯。”二。.’。(21)striate-reticulate................................。二。.““.”.”。”。”。.”.”⋯”。.””。⋯”.”⋯。···⋯⋯”·”·(21)subcircular............................................................................................................(5)subechinate····““·”·”·····················“·“·“···”·”·”··””·”··””···”··”·””·”··”···⋯⋯(18)subechnolophate·”··“··”···”···”·”··········“·“··““······“·································⋯⋯(20)sublophate“·”·，””······“·”·“·”·”···············“··················································⋯⋯(20)subolate”··········“·”·”·”·······“·“·“·”·”·”·”·”·“·”···················“····“·····⋯⋯(5)subpilate·······“”·”·”·········”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”··················“···“·······⋯⋯(19、subprolate················“·”···················”····”····················”······⋯⋯(5、subpsilate”······”······一·········“·“·”·”··””·”···················”·····”·············”······”一(工7)subreticulate“。“。”⋯“二。“。”。”。”.”。”·”·，..”。”。.“:.“。.·⋯。:”·.·······.··⋯⋯。”·”.”.(21)subsphaeroidal”·“·“·“·“·”·”·······“··········”··”·”····“················“···········“····⋯⋯(5)sulcate-aperture”········“·“·”·”·”··””·”·“·“·“··········”····································⋯⋯(8)sulculus(-li)·““·········“·“·”·”·”·”··””·”·”·”·“····························“·················⋯⋯(12)sulcus(i)...............................................................................................................(12)supra-reticulate“·”··一····“”····””·”·”·”·”·”·”····”·”·”····”·······”·”···“····“·“···“·，.⋯(21)supratectal”·”···“·”··········“····“·“·“····”·“·”··””·”·”····”··””·”··“···················⋯⋯(二6)suprategillar”·”·········”·················“········“····”····”·”··””·”····························”⋯(16)32 Dz/T0134一94suprategillarprocesses(19)sutura”。.。”。:.”.’””(13)symmetricalface(3)symmetry(3)sympilate(19)synclinicolpate(11)syncolpate(11)syncolporate(12)syndemicolpate··⋯(11)rectate-imperforatetectate-perforate:}::rectum...·..⋯⋯”⋯⋯”。”·”。”·”·”·⋯”。”。”⋯”。”。.。”二。“。“。.。“。”。“。“。“。.。“。“·⋯”，(16)tegillum”·“·“·”·”·”·”····”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”···“·“·”·“·“·“·“···“·“··““···“···”一(16)tenuityleptema·····“····································”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·”·“一(12)tenuitas·····⋯⋯“.“。...··......⋯⋯。”..⋯。.’。·⋯。·················⋯⋯。””。·””。”。”。”。”.”。”。(15)tetrad·················“·············“·“····“·“······“·····································”·”·”·”一(2)tetradmark,tetradscar·································”·”···“·”·······“······“················⋯⋯(13);etracolpate···············································”····”·”·”··””·”·“·”·“·“·”·“·“······⋯⋯(10)tetracolporate··························”·”···”··.”·”··””·”·”·“·”·”···”·”·”·“·····“····⋯⋯(12)抚tradheteroch·····...⋯⋯“.⋯“。···....··························⋯⋯”。二。”。”.”。”。“。”。“。“。“。:.(9)tetragonaltetradtetrahedraltetrad一tetraptratetetraporate(9)tetratreme(9)rind(2)trtapertur-trttreme(9),.-,ngular(6)trichotomosulcate(13)ricolpate···············································”·”·”·”······“····“·“····““···············⋯⋯(10)iIicolporate(12)trilcte(13)triletemarking(13)trilobate(6)trilobate-circular(6)tnporate(9)triradiateridge”·········“”·”·“··”·”“·”··”·”“·“···········.·”···”··””·”·”··””···“··””·(13)tobcrculae·...···.⋯⋯。二。..⋯⋯。”。”。.“·.⋯。二。..⋯。二。二。.。⋯。..·.·⋯⋯。二。..·.·⋯⋯。.”..⋯。二。二。.“(18)truncate-aperture(7)runcafe-triangular(6)，pesof,perture(7)飞4 DZ/T0134一94ulcusunditegillate16vallum(-valla),lira(-ae)“···”···”·“···“···“·“·”·“······，”·”·······”···“·”·”·”···“⋯(20)ventralrootofthebladders”·”····“···“·“·······”····“·····”·····“·“··““··.”·······““·⋯(22)verrucate·””·“·”···.·”·”·””·”.···“·“·“.”.···”·”·“·”········“····“···.”·”····.·“二””⋯(18)verylargepollengrainsandspores····”·”········”···“·“····”·”··“”·“····“·”··””·“··“⋯(5)verysmallpollengrainsandspores”·”·····”·“···”·”·“···“···”·”·”·“···“·“···”·”·“⋯(4)vestibule,vestibulum”·“···“·····”·”·”···，.·····”·”·“···”···”·”·“·”·“·······“·”·“一(15)vestigialspines,microspines···”·”·”·”·“·”···“·“·”·“····“······”·”·”··”“·“·····””··””一(18)Wworm-shaped(20)zonaperture,zonotreme”·”·”·”·”·“·“···“··””·”·”·”·“·····””····“·······”·”.““···”·”一(8)zonaperturate·““·“·········”·”·“·”·“·“.·.·”···””··“····””·”·“·“··········”·“·“·······”一(8)zonisulculate.........................................................................................................(12)zonocolpate”·”·”·“·“·····”···”·“·“·“.··”·”···“·“·····”·”···”·“·”·”·”·“。·····””一(10)zonoporate”·”··”·······“··“·“·”··”··”·“·.·”·”·”·”·”·“·“.·””·”·”·“·.·”·”···“·.··””一(9)zonopororate”·“··““·“··“···.·”·”·”·····.···”·“·”·“·“·”·”··“”·“·“··”·””·”·“····”·”一(10)zonorate.·⋯⋯”二””。”。”。“。“。“。“。”。”。”。“.“·⋯”·“。”.“。.·⋯”⋯”。“。“·⋯”。”。“。“。二。”。”。(10)附录B中文索引(参考件)棒···””·“·····“··“··”·”·”·“·······一(19)棒群··”······”“·.:···”·“·“⋯”·”·“⋯(19)矮突起“·“·“·“·“·“·”·”·“·“·········”一(17)抱壁···········”“·······”·“·⋯⋯“·(15)凹边三角形花粉“···“·“·“·“···”·”·”⋯(6)抱粉沉积率···”·“······”·········”·“·“·⋯(22)(具)凹萌发孔“·”·”·”·”·”·“·“·“·”·”一(8)抱粉带”·“····”·“·“·”·”·“⋯⋯”二”“·⋯(22)(具)凹边萌发孔“·”·”·”·”·”·“·“··“·”二(7)抱粉大小的等级”·“·“·”·”·“···”·”·“一(4)抱粉的赤道·““····”·”·⋯”·”“一“·”⋯(4)抱粉的赤道表面”··””·“····”·”·“····”一(4)(具)巴豆状图案”···”···“·”·”·”·”·“⋯(18)抱粉的赤道面“·“··””·“·“·“⋯”·“⋯”·(4)(具)半覆盖层“·“·“·“·“·“·“·“·······一(16)抱粉的赤道面观”·”·“·······”·“······”一(4)半沟“·”·“···“·······““·“···“····”···一(11)泡粉的赤道投影”··”“·····””·”·“····”一(4)(具)半沟(同半沟》···““····”·”·”·”··”⋯(11)抱粉的赤道轴··”·”·“·“·⋯”·”二“··⋯”·(4) DZ/T0134一94抱粉的辐射对称············，’··”···一(3)(具)表网·，，.·······”···”·“······“·”，”，(21)抱粉的极·······”·”·”··············”·”一(3)蓖齿..........................................”一(19)抱粉的两侧对称”·”·”·”·”···”····“·”一(3)(具)波状被层···”··“·““·“····”·”·”··一(16)抱粉的完全对称”···················“·”·“·⋯(3)薄壁区”······“··“·“”···“·，·····“，”·”一(12)抱粉的子午线·”····，···············”·，··“⋯(4)不对称·.........................................，二(3)抱粉的子午线投影··············”·”······一(4)不规则萌发孔·””·“·····“····“·⋯⋯””·(7)抱粉的左右对称····“·“·”·······“·”·”·⋯(3)抱粉等级·············““·”·”···一”””·⋯(3)抱粉等级面”·····“···“·“······”“·”一(3)槽····”·”···”·”·····”···”···“·“·“一(12)泡粉对称性······”，···············”···⋯⋯(3)槽状萌发孔·······“···”·”·”·“··“⋯”·”·(8)抱粉地层分带·············”···········“一(22)(具)侧合沟··“·”·”····”·”·”·“·”···”⋯(18)泡粉分析······”·········“·················一(1)侧面轮廓”·······“·”·”·”········“·····一(7)抱粉化石，.‘···············“·”···，·····⋯⋯(22)层次···”，···········“‘.，”·”·”·”·“····⋯⋯(15)袍粉极区·.........................................(3)长薄壁区”........................................(12)抱粉极半球····，·“·“·”·”··”······“·“·”一(3)(具)长球形花粉”·”··，”········””·“·”一(5)抱粉极面观·····················”··⋯⋯(3)长椭圆形花粉”·”········“··············⋯⋯(5)饱粉极轴····················“.’·········⋯⋯(3)(具)超扁球形花粉····”···”·”·”·“·”·”二‘(5)袍粉轮廓·······，’，··‘····，’·，·，···“”·(6)(具)超长球形花粉····，，”··，····”·“···”·⋯(5》饱粉浓度·........................................(22)赤道边饰·””···················“···“⋯⋯(19)泡粉谱··························，········⋯⋯(22)(具)赤道沟”··············“···“·“·“····”一(11)抱粉式········”···”········“·······”·”·⋯(22)赤道环”·”·”·”·”·”·····“·“·“·“·“··一(19)泡粉素······························”······⋯⋯(1)赤道轮廓·””···········””·”··”“·“·”··一(6)泡粉统计··················“‘“·······“·“一(22)赤道萌发孔“······“··””，”·”·”········一(7)抱粉相··················“·”··，.··········““·(22)赤道突出物····““·“··”“·”·”·”········““·(19>抱粉型···································“·⋯(22)赤道缘·············“········”·”··········“一(19)抱粉形态学·····，·························一(1)醋酸醉分解··“·“·“··”···”·····““·“·”，二(1)饱粉学····‘·······”“··‘··，···，.·⋯⋯(1)(具)穿孔，，·····“·····，，··，······‘········⋯⋯(17)袍粉的亚等级...................................(3)(具)穿孔被层··················”·”········一(is)抱粉植物群····················，.·····。··⋯(23)船形(舟形)花粉“·····”········“·”····⋯⋯(5)饱粉组合··························，········⋯⋯(22)唇·············“·.··“·”····“···“·······“一(14)泡子·········，·，，，，·········”，，，··，···⋯⋯(1)刺········，··”···“·····”···，··············，二(1$).妇胞芽状····················，·······⋯⋯(18)(具)刺脊··········“····”·······“······”一(20)被层····，··························⋯⋯(16)粗糙·····”················“·”··········”·⋯⋯(17)被层内图案····················“······⋯⋯(16)被层上的·······”················，”·······⋯⋯(16)被层上突起························⋯⋯(19)大花粉······”··”“·······，.·········““··””·(5)被层下的·····················，·····⋯⋯(16)大孔穴”·”·”····”·“······”·”··“”·”·“一(17)被层图案········“······················“··一(16)大气抱粉学“·“.””··”······”·”····”··一(1)被子植物花粉粒·················，··”···”·⋯(1)大小···“·“·“····”·“········”···“····”一(4)本体·介·‘····，”··················，，，”，··⋯⋯(21)(具)单棒，，，·”“·············”·，”‘·····“，··，⋯(19)变薄·············“···”··”·······，.·······一(巧)单薄壁区······“”·“·······”······“······一(12)(具)扁球形花粉···”·”··········价··“·”一(5)(具)单槽的“·“··””··”·····”·········“一(12)边萌发孔····“”························一(8)(具)单裂缝··”·”·”··”····”·······”··“一(13) Dz/T0134一94单裂缝痕·.......................................(13)覆盖层上，扮··”·“·，’···”，···，.·······叶一(16)单花粉，单分体·””·”··“”·····”·”·”·⋯(2)覆盖层上图案“·”·”·“··”·········“··“一(16)单沟”····”·”·····”····”·····“·····“·“一(10)覆盖层下”·”·······“···”·”·”··”·”·”⋯⋯(16)单孔”···········“”·”····················“一(9)(具)覆盖层一无穿孔的”···”···”···⋯⋯(16)单萌发孔”..................................“一(8)(具)搜盖层一穿孔···········，·””··‘····“，”·(16)(具)单气囊”...............................“一(21)(具)副合沟..................................·一(n)单型的··················”·”······“·”·”一(2)复合花粉”·”·”·”·”·”············““·“⋯(2)倒棍棒状·····“··”“·”····““·“·”·”·”·⋯(19)复合萌发孔”·”················”“·“··””·(7)等距的·············””··”·······““·”·”·“·⋯(14)辐射间区”·”·”·”·”·”·”·······”········一(14)(具)点纹(或微孔).·····“···“·“·”···”⋯(21)辐射区·，”，“·”··”·“·············“···“一(14)雕纹纹饰···”一，”·····““··”“·“·“·“·”一(17)(具)负网状”··”··················“·····“⋯(21)顶区·····“·“·”························“·“一(14)豆形花粉”········，··········“·“···”·⋯⋯(5)(具)短沟....................................·一<11)(具)沟的···············，.············⋯⋯(10)(具)断网脊·””···············“·“·”·····”⋯(2。)沟边缘···”·”·······”·‘”··················⋯⋯(13)对称性”·”·······················.··”···⋯⋯(3)沟间的··”·“·”····”····················⋯⋯(13)(具)盾状区”··················“·“·”·”·⋯⋯(15)沟间加厚···”·”·”·”·”··””··········”·⋯⋯(13)多边轮廓“·“······，···，·······“·····”··，⋯⋯(7)沟间距”····，”··“朴·“·······，·”·····一(13)(具)多棒的········“·······”············“一(19)沟间区····””·······························⋯⋯(13)(具)多沟“·“····“·”····················“⋯(10)沟界极区··································⋯⋯(13)多合花粉···········“·“····”·”···········““·(2)沟膜·····，”·”······························⋯⋯(13)多角形花粉·········”“····“·“·“·······⋯⋯〔6)沟桥“·······”······”·“····”，···”········一(13)(具)多孔·············“······“······”··一(9)构中线·......................................·一(13)(具)多孔沟···············“·“····””···⋯⋯(12)沟状萌发孔”····””·”·”·····”···””··一(8)多类型抱粉·········”·”·”··”········⋯⋯(2)光滑被层····································⋯⋯(17)多裂圆型花粉“·”，··················“·”一(6)光切面·····································一(7)多萌发孔·“·“‘“·，························，”“·(9)古抱粉学··，·························‘一(1)多气囊···””························”···一(22)规则萌发孔价···························⋯⋯(7)(具)多异沟的·········“·”····”····”····⋯⋯(11)棍棒········································⋯⋯(19)(具)多圆孔的(散孔的》·········，······⋯⋯(10)(具)棍棒的”·······”“·”·“···········⋯⋯(19)(具)多褶“，“·“·····，·””················⋯⋯(17)(具)合半沟···························.····⋯⋯1飞)耳···“···”·············”·“·····“···”·⋯(18)(具)合沟····························“····一(11)二合花粉·”······””·····················⋯⋯(2)(具)合沟孔········“······，········”··⋯⋯(12)(具)二气囊的··························⋯⋯(21)(具)合基柱·······“··················⋯⋯(19)二型的····································“⋯(2)(具)横长···········”···”·············⋯⋯”(14)(具)横沟················”·”···”·“··“⋯⋯(10)(具)厚被层·······”·“····”····“·····⋯⋯(16)分散抱粉·(22)厚被层内····，························，.·⋯⋯(16)蜂蜜袍粉学(1)厚内层·，··············”“···“············⋯⋯(17)蜂窝状:(21)(具)厚缘··················”·······“···⋯⋯(14)橙盖层⋯⋯(16)后腔··“·，···············””····“·····⋯⋯(15) Uz/T0134一94花粉粒················“·”·········，·“···“⋯(1)近光滑········“·“·”，”，”·”·······，.一(17)花粉的平面形状········”···········“·”一(5)(具)近脊状“·“·“·“·”·”·”······““·“⋯(20)花粉对称面”········”·”·”··········“一(3)近极“···”·”.“···“·····”···”⋯”··⋯(4)花粉块········，···“·“·”·········，··“·”一(2)近极薄壁区···“·“·”··””····”·”···“·“⋯(12)花粉颇度·”···，，········““·“···，····，，·，·“一(22)近极半球·....................................·一(4)花粉小块···“·”·········“·“···”······“一(2)(具)近极槽”·“·····“·””········”·“··一(12)(具)环槽············”····“···········”·”·⋯(12)近极单孔··”·“·“·”·”·”·”···”···“··⋯(9)(具)环沟···“·”·”·”·········“············一〔10)(具)近极沟”·”·”···”·“···“·“·“·“·”一(n)(具)环孔“···············“·······，···““·(9)(具)近极环槽”···“·”···”·“···“·“·”，”，(13)(具)环孔孔“·····························“一(10)近极基............................................(22)(具)环内孔································”一(10)近极面”·”·····“·”·”·”·”·”·”·.”·”一(4)环萌发孔······················“··········一(8)近极表面”·”······“·”·“·”·”·”·”··””一(4)(具)环状萌发孔···············，.·····⋯⋯(8)近极萌发孔··“·“·“··”·””··········”一(7)化石袍粉·······”············”·····⋯⋯(22)近球形花粉“·“··““·········““·“·“·”一(n)‘具)弧(萌发)孔··········”············⋯⋯(8)近三瓣形花粉·····“·“·”··“”·”···⋯⋯(6)弧形带················“············“·”·⋯⋯(14)近三角形花粉·““···”·”·”··········一(6)(具)近网状“·“·“·“··””·”·”··”·····，.“·(21)近圆形花粉···“··‘··”·，······，.········”一〔6)假单花粉····....................................(2)巨大的花粉”...............................”一(5)(具)假沟················”···············⋯⋯(11)矩形花粉”·”··········“·”·”··“····”·”一(6)假孔·····································⋯⋯(10)族类植物抱子”·”·”··””·······“······一(1)加厚············。···················”·······⋯⋯(15)简单萌发孔·····················，······”··⋯(7)(具)嚼烂状··························“·⋯⋯(20)颗粒·，·””···，.····“·”····”·”·”····⋯⋯(18)角萌发孔································⋯⋯(8)(具)孔的··“·“·····”··””·”·····⋯⋯(9)极大花粉································⋯⋯(5)孔盖“·”，··”·”·”·”··，·····“···“····，”·(14)极萌发孔·.....................‘··········⋯⋯(7)(具)孔沟“···”·“·“···“·”·”·“···“·”一(11)极轮廓····················，.················一(6)孔环··”·“·”·”·”·.-···“···“·“·”·“，”一(14)极区加厚·············”················⋯⋯(13)孔间区·”················“·”···”·····⋯⋯(14)极小花粉·······，···························⋯⋯(4)孔界极区········“·“··””················”一(13)极朽:.....····，············“‘···········，⋯(3)(具)孔孔的·········“··········“·“····“，”一(9)墓层······················”·········，，·····⋯⋯(17)孔膜···，···”·”········“”·”·”·”······⋯⋯(14)基柱，鼓褪.......................................(18)孔腔(孔室》··”·”·”··········“··“···”·”一(15)荃ft群·······················，-········⋯⋯(19)孔缘··，“·”·”····················“·”·“·“一(14)〔具)蔡柱群网···，··，··········，···，····⋯⋯(21)孔状萌发孔··“···”·”，”·”·”·”·“·“·”一(8)(具)基柱网·....................................(21)宽网脊····““··”“·“··”·”·······““·····一(20)(具)脊状隆起··························⋯⋯(20)宽椭圆形花粉”·”·········”····”·····⋯⋯(13)‘具、脊网状································一〔21)接触区··，················“··“·············一(14)(具)近扁球形花粉..............................(5)立体形状·......................................(5)近长球形花粉············“···，.·········⋯⋯(12)裂缝··，.·“···“·”·“·”，”·”··，.······“⋯(13)(具)近刺脊·······························“一(20)邻孔脊“···“·”·”·”·”·”·”······“·“·“一(20)(具)近刺状‘·····················，········⋯⋯(18)菱形四合花粉”·”·”·”····”·········‘“·”一(2) Uz/T0134一94夕、厂。份··-............................一(6)拟散孔···一(10)六萌发孔”，······“··················‘·”··一(9)(具)拟网状。(21)(具)流苏状”·“·····””·”··”····””····一(18)念珠状·⋯(20)(具)龙骨状网脊···”·”·····”，”······一(20)NPC分类法(15)(具)螺旋状萌发孔··”·····””·”·”·“·“⋯(8)裸子植物花粉粒...........................”一(1)片层······”·”·”·”·“······、·····”·“一(1"7)M平滑(光滑卜·”·“·”···“···”·”···”··一(17)帽“··“”·”·”···”···“·”·”·”·······”一(21)平角萌发孔”·”·”·“·”······”·”···”··一(7)帽缘”......................................“一(21)平角三角形花粉····“·“·”···”·“····一(6)萌发孔·”···，，···“·‘“·，，”············‘·，”⋯(7)萌发孔的种类·········”·”·”·······””··”:(7)萌发孔的数目·········””·”··········⋯⋯(8)气囊···””·”····”·”··············”·”·⋯(21)萌发孔的形状·“······”·”···”·········⋯⋯(8)器官属···””·”·”·”··············”，···”·⋯(23)萌发孔的位置···“···“···，·············”·一(7)前腔(前庭).·········”‘··‘“··“·“·······⋯⋯(15，模式标本”··············”··”··“·····⋯⋯.(23)(具)腔“·”·”·“··，”··········”·”·”·”。⋯⋯(14)桥状盖··，’·”·”·”·”·“·“·“······””··一(14)球面萌发孔··”···”···“···········”··⋯(8)(具)内棒”..................................“一(19)球形(圆球形)花粉·····················⋯⋯.(5)内壁“··””·”··“·····”················”一(17)(具)曲网脊”·”··”···‘····”·”·”··”···“·⋯(20)内表层····························“···“·“一(15)内壁加厚“··”···”···”··················⋯⋯(17)内壁外层··”·“·“·”··””·”·”···”·”·”⋯(17)蠕虫状············，’·““·“·“·“·”·“···“⋯(20)内雕纹·.......................................，二(18)乳头状突起····，·················，，········⋯⋯(12)(具)内颗粒······““·.“·”··“···”··⋯⋯(18)乳头状突起出口·························⋯⋯(12)(具)内孔··“···“·“····”·····“·“·”·”一(9)锐角三角形花粉··，.，···”·”·”·····⋯⋯(6)内孔环····················“···.’·····“····一(14)内孔间区....................................“一(14)内里层·””·······”············.·“·”·”·”一(15)三瓣形花粉······，··”·”·”·”·”··”·⋯⋯(6)内腔···································”····一(14)(具)三沟·····”·········”············一(10)(具)内条纹·-·····················”·······⋯⋯(20)三合花粉··········”·”······“····“····⋯⋯(2)(具)内网···，.······················”···”·”一(21)三角形花粉·················”··”····“⋯(6)内折·········································”⋯(14)(具)三孔······，·，··“···········，·⋯⋯(9)(具)内皱块状···········”··········⋯⋯(18)(具)三孔沟”·····················⋯⋯‘]2)拟扁球形花粉····························⋯⋯(5)(具)三裂缝的·””·····”·“·“···”··⋯⋯(13)拟超扁球形花粉···························⋯⋯(5)三裂缝痕·.........................................(13)(具)拟沟·.....................................，一(I1)三裂圆形花粉，，.，·········补·”，”·····“⋯(6)(具)拟沟孔············”···”··········”··⋯(12)三萌发孔··························⋯⋯(9)(具)拟孔”·”·······”·”·············”·”一(9)(具)三歧槽”·”·“·“·“·“······”··”-.’“·⋯(13)(具)拟孔沟··················”·············一(12)三射脊··········”·“··“”········⋯⋯(13)拟螺旋状萌发孔·“··········，···········⋯⋯(8)(具)散沟·““····，·······“·”·”·······“⋯(10)拟萌发孔································⋯⋯(8)(具)散孔··········，.·“·”·”·”·”·，.·”⋯(10)拟内孔·····································⋯⋯(9)(具)散孔沟”············”·“·”·“·”·“·⋯(12) Dz/T0134一94(具)散孔孔·.....................................(10)外壁上层....................................”一(15)散萌发孔······”·”·····················”···一(8)外壁下层“·“·“·”···“·“·”·“···”·”··⋯(17)(具)少圆孔···“·“·”·”··”····”····”·”·⋯(10)外壁外层”···”·”···”·······”·”·“··，”·(15)(具)少棒的·····”···············，···“·”⋯⋯(19)(具)外沟“·”·”······”···”·“·····”·“⋯(11)(具)少网胞·”·”···”···········，·······⋯⋯(18)外里层·····“··········，”··········”⋯(15)(具)双半沟···”··”······”········“·”···一(18)(具)网胞“·”·”·········“···“·“·”，”一(8)(具)双槽····”············“····””·”·“·”一(13)(具)网状纹饰“·“···”····””·“·”··””一(20)(具)双沟”.，”·······“··“·”·”····“·“一(10)网脊”·”·”···“·”·“，”·”·”·”··”······一(20)(具)双孔沟···············“····”··”···“·“一(11)网眼·，·”，”··““·“·.，”··”·”···”··“”·”⋯(21)(具)双孔···””··”···”·········”······一(9)微刺···“·”·”·”····.···，“·“·”·“········”⋯(18)双内孔···”······”···················⋯⋯(9)微统·“”·”·”····“··””·”·”·”·”·”··““一(18)双萌发孔····”····························”·⋯(8)(具)纹孔，具洼点的”··””·”·”·”·”·“一(21)四边形四分体·................................(2)无定形”········“··················”一(7)四分体痕····················“·······“··”·一(13)(具)无覆盖层“·“··，··，·“·“·······，’，:(16)(具)四沟··················“··‘·········”··⋯(10)(具)无沟”一，’·“···”·····”·····”··⋯(11)四合花粉···，···················“”······”一(2)无极抱粉··”·”·······“····“····”·”··一(3)四角形花粉··”······················“”·”·⋯(6)无萌发孔”··”···“·”·”·”·”一1.······⋯⋯(8)(具)四孔········，····““·········，····“·⋯⋯(9)(具)五沟·，，·········.··，，····”·········，····一(9)(具)四孔沟··················”·”········一(12)五萌发孔····”·“·.，”·····“·“·，.·”·”一(8)四萌发孔···，················“·“·······”一(9)四面体形四分体·············”·”·······一(2)(具)四异孔················.，··，······“一(9)隙间脊··”·“·“·”··”······“·“·“·······““·(20)属型···“················“···，’·“·”·”··⋯(22)小薄壁区“·“···“·······“··”·”····“·”一(12)小槽·”···“·“·“·”··””···“···”·”·“··””·(12)小沟渠···“·“·“·”·.··”····““·······“·””·(17)(具)特短沟··，···············”·”····”一(18)(具)小棍棒状“·············““·”·····””·⋯(19)条脊··················”···········”·”·”··⋯(20)小花粉···“··““·“··”····““·“····“···“，“·(4)(具)条纹状······················“·“··”:(20)小瘤··”··”··········””·”······”·“····“一(18)(具)条纹一网状“··”····················⋯⋯(21)小网眼··“···”·”··”······”·”···········”·(21)同型抱子···，···“·················“⋯(2)小穴······“·”·”·····，·····”·”··‘“······一(17)同型网胞“·······，，，···············，，·····“·(18)小刺··，····················，··，······‘·······，⋯⋯〔18)(基柱的)头部························”·⋯⋯(19)形态属···”··”····“···“·”·”····“····”，··一(22)凸边三角形花粉···················⋯⋯(6)形状··”··”·”············“·”····”····”···一(5)(1)凸萌发孔··········”·············一(8)突起·················”···············⋯⋯(17)椭圆形花粉·”·”·············”··“”···⋯⋯(6)(具)亚基柱········“·”·····，.·“·，’··一(19)(具)隐沟”·”·”······“·”···”···“·，.·”一(18)隐极·····“···“······”····”····”·，.····”⋯(3)外壁......(15)缴缩多边轮廓···“··”，···“”·“········””⋯(7)外表层·(15)(具)维缩沟..................................，一(11)外"+层次(15)(具)异沟”·”··”····””···”··””·“·”··”:(10)外壁结构(16)异极··”·”·”·····“·”···”···”··“”·”·”一(3)外壁内层(17)异形抱子”·”···“·····”···”····”·”·”⋯(2)40 Dz/T0134一94异型网胞·.........................................(18)(具)真网··”····”···”·”·”····”·”····”一(21)疵···”·······“·····”··”·········“·“···⋯⋯(18)(具)直边萌发孔···”····”·”·”·”······”一(8)远极·”···”·”·”·”·”····”····“·“·····⋯⋯(4)直边三角形花粉”·”·”·”·”····”·”··””一(6)远极薄壁区·····”·························”:(12)(具)直网脊············”···”·······一(20)远极表面”·”·“·”··”······················一(4)中等大小的抱粉”·”·”··””···”·”··””一(4)远极半球··”···”·················“····”一(4)(具)中网胞·”·””·”·”····”··””·”·”··一(18)(具)远极槽·········“·”.”·”·””········一(12)(具)纵长“···“·“·“·”·“·“···“·“··⋯⋯(14)远极单孔········”···············“·“····一(9)周壁”··””·”·”·”·”·”·”·”····”·”··””⋯(15)(具)远极沟·“····························⋯⋯(11)(具)周沟“·”····”·“·”·”·”·”·“·”·”⋯⋯(10)远极基”··································⋯⋯(22)(具)周孔沟”····”·”·········”·”···”·”·⋯(12)远极面”·····································⋯⋯(4)(具)皱块状”····”·”·”·····”···”·”·”·”·⋯(20)远极萌发孔······”··””·················⋯⋯.(7)周面萌发孔·····”··””·”·”····”···“·”·⋯(8)(具)圆孔·························”··”·一(9)(具)周气囊································⋯⋯(22)圆形花粉·················”····”······⋯⋯(5)(具)周异沟······························⋯⋯(10)圆形轮廓·····················“·”·”··””一(7)赘物、突出物·””··”······”·”··········”⋯(19)圆三角形(钝三角形)花粉···”···”···⋯⋯(6)柱状层小柱·...................................(16)原位抱粉·······························⋯⋯(23)柱状结构····························⋯⋯(16)窄网脊(20)附加说明:本标准由中华人民共和国地质矿产部提出。本标准由全国地质矿产标准化技术委员会水文地质工程地质分技术委员会归口。本标准由中国科学院植物研究所和地质矿产部水文地质工程地质技术方法研究所起草。本标准技术顾问王伏雄。本标准主要起草人席以珍、李继新。'