暨南大学研究生英语读写译教程第二版1-5课课后练习题参考答案.pdf 14页

'《研究生英语读写译教程》第二版练习参考答案UNIT1STAYHUNGRY.STAYFOOLISH.COMPREHENSION1.HedroppedoutofReedCollegebecausehedidnotseethevalueofit.(Theanswertothesecondpartofthequestionisopen.)2.Lifewastough–hesleptonthefloorinfriends’rooms,hereturnedcokebottlesandhewalked7milestogetonegoodfreemeal…3.HecitedtheexampletodemonstratethatwhathehadlearnedinhiscalligraphyclassworkedwhendesigningthefirstMacintoshcomputer.4.Jobs’firststorytellsthatthedotswillsomehowconnectinyourfuture.(Whatyouhavelearned/experiencedmighthelpinyourfuturecareer.)5.Hewaspubliclyout.(ThecompanythatheandWozestablisheddismissedhim.)Thefactthathestilllovedwhathedidmadehimstartoveragain.6.Hehaslearnedagoodlessonfromhisfailure.7.Dothethingswelovetodo.8.Open.9.Open.10.Open.(Weshouldalwayswantmore,neverbecontentandwhenwewanttodosomethingthatotherssayisfoolish,doitanyway.)VOCABULARYANDSTRUCTUREA1naively2curiosity3combination4letdown5vision6baton7creative8mirror9trap10inventionB1drownedout2tuition3Commencement4deposit5typography6makewayfor7animation8intuition9destination10divergeC1follow:orders,rules,advice,fads,anideal,one’sinstinct2trustin:honesty,theLord,power,intuition,sixthsense3wearout,fadeout,putout,makeout,getout,breakout4playwriter/playwright,speedwriter,blogwriter,letterwriter,editorialwriter1 5habitual,textual,accentual,sexual,spiritual,conceptual6shocking,stunning,eye-catching,astonishing,striking,dazzlingTRANSLATIONA1热烈的鼓掌2波涛汹涌的海面3熟睡4烟瘾大的人5油腻而难消化的食物6烈酒7悲痛的消息8沉闷冗长的读物9〈化〉重水10他在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。11那老实的男孩毫无隐讳地说明了他的行为。12他突然感到一阵莫明其妙的不安情绪。13脚踩两条凳,早晚要坠地（即：脚踏两条船）。14骄者必败。15我们遇到一对从巴黎来的夫妇，他们很有趣。B见译文部分。1从我退学那一刻起，我就再也不用去上那些我毫无兴趣的必修课了，我开始旁听那些看来比较有意思的科目。2成功的沉重被凤凰涅槃的轻盈所代替，每件事情都不再那么确定，我以自由之躯进入了我整个生命当中最有创意的时期。3工作将占据你生命中相当大的一部分，从事你认为具有非凡意义的工作，方能给你带来真正的满足感。而从事一份伟大工作的唯一方法，就是去热爱这份工作。如果你到现在还没有找到这样一份工作，那么就继续找。不要安于现状。4没人想死。即使想去天堂的人，也是希望能活着进去。死亡是我们每个人的人生终点站，没人能够成为例外。生命就是如此，因为死亡很可能是生命最好的造物，它是生命更迭的媒介，送走耋耄老者，给新生代让路。5你们的时间有限，所以不要把时间浪费在别人的生活里。不要被条条框框束缚。不要让他人的观点所发出的噪音淹没你内心的声音。最为重要的是，要有遵从你的内心和直觉的勇气，它们可能已知道你其实想成为一个什么样的人。其他事物都是次要的。P.18EX.A1.Iwasaskedtodotheassignment.SoIthinktherearethreereasonsforthefailureintheexperiment.2.AlthoughIworkedhardtoacquiremoreknowledge,Icouldn’timprovemyEnglish.3.Though…..4.therefore---However5.Ifwecomparethenumberofpeoplewhoworkedinthisdepartmentbetween2001and2003,itonlyincreasedfromfivepeopletotwentybuttheordersweretwicemore.6.Wehavethreewaysofrecruitment.Thefirstistherecruitmentagency,whichweusedtwoyearsago.Theexpenditurewasveryhighandthepeopleprovidedwerenotverysuitable.Thesecondisonlinerecruitment.Wehaveneverusedthismethodbefore,sowecannotsay2 thisisgoodornot.However,onlinerecruitmentisriskybecauseoftheunbelievableresourcesoftheapplicants.7.are-is8.including---include9.hasanegativeimpact,haveapositiveandpowerfuleffect10.Thereneverseemstobeanythingworthwatchingontelevision.Youngpeopletendtolistentotheradiomorethanolderagegroupswhileolderpeoplefinditmoreenjoyabletochatwithpeopleoftheirage.UNIT2TWOTRUTHSTOLIVEBYCOMPREHENSION1.AccordingtoRabbiAlexanderSchindler,weshouldholdfasttomanygiftssuchasbeauty,love.2.Theauthorexploitstheparableofopenandclosedhandintheverybeginningofthetexttocontroltheideaofthewholetext.“Lifeisaparadox”,becauseitencouragesustograspitsmanygiftsalthoughitpredeterminestheirfinaldisappearance.3.Theauthortellstheaudiencehisexperienceinhospitaltoprovethefactthatpeopleareindifferenttothegrandeurofeachday,andnobodyseesthebeautyofsunlightorrespondstoit.4.Accordingtotheauthor,peoplearereluctanttoacceptlossesandfailuresbecausetheythinkthattheworldistheirstocommandespeciallywhentheyareyoung.5.Sinceallofuswillperishintheend,wemustseekawiderperspective,viewingourlivesasthroughwindowsthatopenoneternity,wherebytoreconcileonlife’sparadoxicaldemands.Thoughourlivesarefinite,ourdeedsonearthweaveatimelesspattern.6.Lifeisaprocess.Duringtheprocess,weshouldholdfasttolife,butnotsofastthatwecannotletgo;wemustacceptourlosses,andlearnhowtoletgo.7.Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldpursuetheideal,foridealsaloneinvestlifewithmeaningandareofenduringworth.8.AlexanderSchindlerencouragesthestudentstoexaltabovetheirpersonalconsiderationsandtoperfectthepresentworld.9.Thereisstrongreligiouscolorinthetext.AlexanderSchindlerasksustoholdfasttoGod’sgifts,tobereverentbeforeeachdawningday,toviewourlivesasthroughwindowsthatopenoneternity,andtoaddreligiontothehumblestofedifices.10.Theauthordeliversthisspeechtotheuniversitystudentsinordertoteachthemhowtocopewithlife’sparadoxicalproblemsinawiseway,andwhattopursue.3 VOCABULARYANDSTRUCTUREA1.renounce2.tender3.petty4.relish5.gleaned6.aboundsin7.parable8.evanescent9.redeem10.sanctuaryB1.indifferenceto2.Preoccupied3.redeem4.clingingto5.relentless6.paradox7.ordained8.wanes9.exalted10.dawn/havedawnedonC1.themeaningtheopportunitythedoorhappinessthepurpose2.thequestionthejokestheadvertisementthefilmthelecture3.rundrivespeaksailstick4.arrivalsurvivalrefusalapprovalrenewal5.restlesspricelessendlesshomelessaimless6.widenquickendeepenlengthenshortenTRANSLATIONA1成功与否取决于她的努力。2她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。3他不抽烟，但他父亲烟抽得很凶4人们之所以关注历史研究的方法，主要是因为史学家们内部分歧过大，其次才是因为外界并不认识历史是一门学科。5由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易）所造成的种种问题也会增加社会压力。6只要拨对了号码，你就可以在家里电视机上选看到有远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课，或者一次物理学演讲。7只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。8她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的心情。9独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。10新主席有礼貌地前来拜访受害者，获得了他们的一些好感。B见译文部分。1生活的艺术就是知道何时抓紧与何时放手。因为生活就是一条悖论：它迫使我4 们牢牢抓住许多礼物，虽然注定到头来还是要放弃。古代的犹太大师曾经这样说过，“一个人握紧拳头来到这个世界，可是当他死的时候，手就松开了”。开始我们抓紧，最终我们必须放弃。2我们记得逝去的美，消蚀的爱。可是我们更痛苦地记得，当美绽放时我们却没有看到，也没有以爱回报我们得到的爱。3生命决不只是存在，它是变化，无怨无悔的向前奔流。我们的父母通过我们而延续生命，而我们生命在孩子身上得到延续。我们建立的制度会持续存在，我们将通过它们存在下去。我们创造的美不会由于死亡而暗淡。我们的肉体会消失，双手会干枯，可它们创造的真善美将永世长存。4不要耗费生命积聚终将成土成灰的东西。与其追求物质，不如追求理想，因为唯独理想能赋予生命以意义，并具有永久的价值。5一所房子加上爱就是一个家。一座城市加上正直就是一个社会。一堆红砖加上真理就是一所学校。最简陋的大厦加上信仰就是一座神殿。在人类无尽的努力之上加上正义就是文明。把这些放到一起，在当下的不足之上加以提升，加上人类得到救赎的前景，永远无争无求，你们就有了一个闪耀着绚丽的希望之光的未来。TEXTBREADINGCOMPREHENSION1.TheChineseviewoflifeandthingspresentedinthepassageisexpressedbythebestandwisestChinesemindsintheirfolkwisdomandtheirliterature.2.Chinesepoetsandscholarspresentaviewoflifethroughtheircommonsense,theirrealismandtheirsenseofpoetry.3.ThenatureofChinesephilosophyisanidlephilosophybornofanidlelife.4.TheChinesephilosopher’swakinglifeischaracterizedbyadream-worldquality,andheseesthehappeningsandhisowneffortsasfutile.(oruseless)5.ThehighestidealofChinesecultureisrepresentedbyasenseofdetachmenttowardlifeandhigh-mindedness.6.Thesenseofdetachmenttowardliferesultsinthesenseoffreedom,loveofvagabondage,prideandnonchalance.7.“Wakeupandlive”impliesthatawiseproportionofAmericansdreamthehoursaway.8.ThenationalmindofChineseissoraciallydifferentandhistoricallyisolatedthatnewanswerstotheproblemsoflife,newmethodsofapproachesandnewposingofproblemsareexpected.9.Formostpeople,theChinesemindisintenselypractical,hard-headed;fortheloversofChineseart,itisprofoundlysensitive;andforasmallerproportionofpeople,itispoeticandphilosophical.10.TheChineseasanationhassurvivedforfourthousandyearsbecausetheChinesehavealight,analmostgayphilosophyratherthananefficientlife.5 UNIT3AFEWWORDSFORLOSINGCOMPREHENSION1Becausesportismainlyabout“astonishingsalaries,hugelylucrativeendorsements,televisioncontractusingnumbersoneismoreaccustomedtoseeingintextbooksonastronomy”.2Becauseeventhegreatwinnersfinallylose.3Thereisalwaysafeelingofsadnessafterthegame.4Lifeformanyathleteswasmuchdownhill.5Itmeanstherankorstatusoftheteam.（球队排名）6Humanlimitationsmightbringsomesadsituations.7Somepeoplearenaturallygifted,butothersarenot.8Hewould“fight”fearlessly,buthedidn’twantittobea“suicideattack”.9Open.10Open.VOCABULARYANDSTRUCTUREA1lucrative2mortal3instill4windup5prowess6cowardly7cultivated8identifiedwith9surmount10intactB1inglorious2fraught3cultivated4groomed5outset6lucrative7tournament8intact9hangaround10lapseintoC（略）TRANSLATIONA1人类最后必将解开不明飞行物之谜。这一点是可以肯定的。2那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。3光射入了它能透过的几乎所有地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了阴影。4她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。6 5他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。6一天，匹普外出在阴冷的荒原上游荡时，一个魁梧、凶狠的男子把他吓了一跳。这个男子威胁他，让他立即为他送些食物来。7还不等我决定是谈还是不谈，我就看出来了，说也罢，沉默也罢，我的任何行动都不过是徒劳。8俄国最大的进攻开始于6月22日，这是为了配合英美军队在西线的进攻。B见译文部分。1（略）2但我个人一直认为，真正的体育故事其实讲的是失败。体育运动，通常是竞技运动，是一项即使那些伟大的胜者、传奇似的运动员也最终难逃败北下场的一种活动，即使没有其他原因，最终都会因为身体已力不从心，再也无法完成那些得心应手、曾使他们出类拔萃、不同凡响的作为而败出。3自问世起，竞技运动就有排斥性，教的就是人的局限性的课程。有些孩子天生强于他人。在运动场上临时挑人组队的比赛中，总免不了有令人伤心的局面，有些男孩是最后才被选中的，通常是像流放到西伯利亚那样去棒球场的右外场，或被分配在橄榄球队的内线像采煤工那般干苦累活。4体育还会给一个男孩第一个警示，这个世界是不公平的，天赋分配不均：一些男孩比别人跑得快，投得又狠又远，跳得高，事情就是这样。在所有运动项目中，智能性训练经常可以提高技能，但也只到一定限度。那些有体育天赋的孩子—每所校园似乎都有一名—很少会被那些靠苦练获得技能的人超过。这个世界显然不是一个公平的地方。5但是有人纳闷，运动中的失败归根结底是不是比胜利更像真实的生活。这么说并非想言之过度沮丧，生活中有些人一度会过得比他人好得多，但到头来我们都是输家：意想不到的事让我们跌跟头，我们遭受挫折，很少有人能完好无损地通过或接近终点。死亡率—说来也妙—保持在整数的百分之百，而且比赛结束后，可能是谁也不会像夺冠后的美国棒球和橄榄球运动员喜欢说的那样，去迪斯尼世界(DisneyWorld)。为获胜者欢呼三次，但为我们这些不是赢家的人留几声欢呼，掌声对我们用处更大。UNIT4THEFUTUREOFBOOKSCOMPREHENSION1.UmbertoEcoclassifiesmemoryintothreetypes:organicmemoryrepresentedbyhumanbrain;mineralmemoryrepresentedbyclaytablets,obelisksandelectronicmemoryoftoday’scomputer;andvegetalmemoryrepresentedbythefirstpapyrusesandbooksmadeofpaper.7 2.AccordingtoUmbertoEco,thelibrariesfunctionastheplacesforconservationofbooksandhavebeenthemostimportantwayofkeepingourcollectivewisdom.3.“Universalbrain”meansaplacewherewecanretrievewhatwehaveforgottenandwhatwestilldonotknow.4.Accordingtoparagraph2,humansinventlibrariesbecausetheyknowthattheydonothavedivinepowers,buttheytrytodotheirbesttoimitatethem.5.InthecomputerandInternetera,librariesshouldnotbeabolishedbecausetheyshouldsurviveasmuseumsconservingthepast.6.Comparedwithreadingonacomputerscreen,readingprintedbooksisthebetterwayforustoreadcarefully,tospeculateandtoreflectaboutwhatwearereading.7.Comparedwithcomputers,bookshavebroughtalotofconveniencestohumanscomputerscan’t:booksstillrepresentthemosteconomical,flexiblewaytotransportinformationataverylowcost;bookstravelwithyouandatyourspeed;itisavaluableinstrumentandthebestcompanionsforashipwreck.8.Twoindustriallyexploitedinventionsareasfollows:oneisprintingondemand,namely,everybookwillbetailoredaccordingtothedesiresofthebuyer;theotheristhee-bookwhichisusefulforconsultinginformation.9.“Theideathatanewtechnologyabolishesapreviousoneisfrequentlytoosimplistic.”Whattheauthormeansisthattherearealotofnewtechnologicaldevicesthathavenotmadepreviousonesobsolete,thatinthehistoryofcultureithasneverbeenthecasethatsomethinghassimplykilledsomethingelse.Rather,anewinventionhasalwaysprofoundlychangedanolderone.10.Inthecomputerandinternetera,peoplefearthephysicaldisappearanceofbooksandprintedmaterial;butprintedbookshaveafuturebecausecomputersencouragetheproductionofprintedmaterial.VOCABULARYANDSTRUCTUREA1.organic2.designate3.emulate4.abolish5.speculated6.shipwreck7.manuscript8.masterpiece9.obsolete10.contributetoB1.option2.flexible3.reproduce4.preservation5.retrieve6.divine7.diffuse8.onthevergeof9.browse10.memoryC1.povertyerrorsenemiesapossibilityinequality2.agroupanorganizationaclubanassociationatribe3.actforanswerforstandforlongforpreparefor4.eyepiecetimepieceshowpieceseapiececenterpiece8 5.predictablepreschoolprewarpreviouspreliminary6.reproducereviseremovereviewrewriteTRANSLATIONA1晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒乓球表演之后，他得起草最后公报。2这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率不高。3遗憾的是，过去我们总的目标方面意见是一致的，但涉及各个具体目标时，意见就不一致了，因而也就根本不能采取什么行动。4我真替她万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。5他们的主人，又是割啊，又是倒啊，又是上菜啊，又是切面包啊，又是说啊，又是笑啊，又是敬酒啊，忙个不停。6如果对自己的错误都不认识，怎么能悔恨和改正呢？7欢迎他的只有几下轻轻地、零零落落、冷冷淡淡的掌声。8勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；疼爱过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。B见译文部分。1数百年来，图书馆一直是保存我们集体智慧最重要的方式。它们始终都是一种全人类的大脑，让我们得以从中寻回遗忘，发现未知。请允许我使用如下暗喻：图书馆是一种最可能被人类效仿的神的智慧，有了它，就可在同一时刻看到并理解整个宇宙。2到目前为止，书籍仍然代表着最经济和最灵活的信息传输方式，而且成本非常低廉。电脑交流跑在你前面，书却会与你同行，而且步伐一致。3我属于这样一种人，始终相信印刷书籍仍然有未来，相信在其他诸种恐惧中，或者在对某种东西将要终结的千年恐惧中，包括世界末日的恐惧中，书籍要消失的所有恐惧只是最不可能发生的例子。4书仍将是不可或缺的，这不仅仅是为了识读，也是为了创造仔细阅读所需要的环境，不仅仅是为了接受信息，也是为了对信息进行沉思和反应。5新技术必然导致旧技术废弃的想法往往过于简单化。照相术发明后，虽然画家们感到没有必要再像匠人那样复制现实了，但这并不意味着达盖尔的发明仅仅催生了抽象画法。TEXTBREADINGCOMPREHENSION1.Textsdifferfromdictionariesinthatdictionariesarealinguisticoranencyclopedicsystem,whiletextsreducetheinfinitepossibilitiesofasystem.(or...givemanypossibleitems,whiletextsareacloseduniverse.)2.TheArabianNights,LittleRedRidingHoodandFinnegan’sWakearecitedinthepassagetoclarifythepointthatdespitemanypossiblewaystointerpretthem,the9 textsarefiniteandlimited.3.Onemistakenbeliefofthedeconstructionistsisthatyouhaveanyfreedomtointerpretthetext.(oryoucandoanythingyouwantwithatext)4.Thefirstpossibilityofusinghypertextualstrategiesto“open”upafiniteandlimitedtextistoenrichthestorybysuccessivecontributionsofdifferentauthors.(orallowdifferentauthorstodevelopthestory)5.Anotherwaytomakeatextinfiniteisthatatnarrativedisjunction,manyauthorscanmakemanydifferentchoices.6.Theproductionofunlimitedtextsdiffersfromalready-producedtextsinthatthelattermaybeinterpretedininfinitewaysbutarephysicallylimited.7.Inamoreliberatedsociety,freecreativitywillcoexistwiththeinterpretationofthealreadywrittentext.8.Becausethepre-establishedsequencesofwordsandpagesinthetextstopusfrominventinganything.9.Readerscan’tmodifythefateofthecharactersinthealreadywrittenbookbecauseitisdecidedbyrepressiveauthorialdecision.10.Thepurposeofthisarticleistoclarifythedifferencebetweenfreecreativityinproducingtextsandlimitedfreedomininterpretingthealready-producedtexts.UNIT5SCIENTISTS,SCHOLARS,KNAVESANDFOOLSComprehension1(a).Whatrelationshipbetweenscienceandthehumanities(此处课本中有误，见P106)canyoulearnfromthefirstparagraph?Tosomedegree,scienceandthehumanitieshavethesameconcern:Thequestionraisedbyscienceisthemostimportantthatcanbeaskedinphilosophyandreligion.InhisbookConsilience:TheUnityofKnowledge,Wilsonshowshowvariousfieldsofinquiry,andespeciallythehumanitiesandsciences,intersectwitheachother.1(b).Doyouthinkscienceandreligioncanbereconciled?(Open.)2(a).WhatcriteriadoesAuthorapplywhendistinguishingsciencefrompseudoscience?Inpara.2,theauthormentionsfivediagnosticfeaturesasthecriteriatodistinguishsciencefrompseudoscience:repeatability,economy,mensuration,heuristicsandconsilience.2(b).SomelabelAcupuncture,Qigong,andChineseMedicineaspseudoscience.Doyouagree?Open.10 3(a).WhatpointdoesAuthormakeinparagraph4andparagraph5?Theauthorgivesthetopicsentence"Theworkofrealscienceishardandoftenforlongintervalsfrustrating"atthebeginningofpara.4.3(b).Howdoeshebackuphisviewpoint?Inpara.4,theauthorlistsandanalysesthereasonswhyit’shard.InPara.5,theauthordevelopsthepointbydrawingonhisownexperienceandquoting.3(c).Whatexampleandquotedoesheuse?TheexampleisfromhisownexperienceofcounselingnewPh.D."sinbiology.ThequotationisfromPercyBridgman:"Thescientificmethodisdoingyourdamnedest,noholdsbarred."4.Paragraph6-8discussoriginaldiscovery.Howdotheseparagraphsrelatetooneanother?Para.6firstintroducesthetopicsentence"Originaldiscoveryiseverything"andthenexplainshowthepriorityofmakingoriginaldiscoverydefinestheprocessofscientificresearch.Para7andpara.8areabouttheimportanceoforiginaldiscoveryandtheyarerelatedbytwosentencesofthesamestructurewhichintroducetwooppositeconditionsandthusformasharpcontrast(makeanimportantdiscovery,and...;Failtodiscover,and...).5(a).AccordingtoAlfredNorthWhitehead,whydoscientistslearnwhattheyneedtoknowwhileremainingpoorlyinformedabouttherestoftheworld?It’sbecausescientistsaremainlyconcernedaboutmakingdiscovery.Theyhavetoconcentrateonthepartthatisneededinthediscoverywhileignoringtherest.5(b).Whatdoesthegreetingquestion"Whatareyouworkingon"reveal?Itrevealsthefactthatwhattheyaredoingareofthesamenature(makingdiscoveries)andscientistsarequiteawarewhatiscommonamongthem.6(a).Willscientistscontentthemselveswiththediscoveriestheyhavemade?Why?No,theywon"t.Scientistswhohavealreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveriesarealwaysstronglymotivatedandtheyarereadytosetnewgoalsandmakecontinuousefforts.6(b).What"sthedifferencebetweenscientistsandscholarsinhumanities?AccordingtoWilson,theirresearchisofdifferentnature:forscholarsinthehumanitiesthemostvaluableworkisinterpretingandexplainingtheexistingfactualknowledgewhileforscientistsoriginaldiscoveryiseverything.11 7.Canscientistsbedefinedasasocialgroupwithasetofbeliefs,charactersandmotivationspeculiartothem?No,theycan"t.Noparticularbeliefs,charactersandmotivationscanbeidentifiedasthedefiningfeatures.(SeePara.9-11)8(a).Inwhatsenseisscientificresearchanart?Thereisnolimitationonhowtomakeadiscovery.Scientistsenjoythefreedomofapplyingdifferentthinkingskillsandstylesjustlikeanartist.8(b).Whatscientistsshoulddoinordertobehighlysuccessful?Ascientistwhowantstoachievegreatsuccessshouldnotbeafraidoftryingnewresearchareaswherenopreviousresearchcanbereferredtoandhehastodecideeverythingbyhimselfintheexploration.8(c).Accordingtotheauthor,whatintelligenceleveldoesnormalsciencerequire?Why?Theauthormentionsitasoptimumintelligence:Ontheonehandheshouldhavetheadequateintelligencewhichallowshimtodosomebasicscientificresearch;ontheother,hisintelligencelevelshouldnotbeabovetheonefornormalscience,otherwise,hewouldfindthemediocreworkintolerablyboring.9(a).Whatadvicedoestheauthorgivetothenovicescientists?Theauthorgivesalotofadviceinthelastparagraph.It"smainlyabouthowtodoscientificresearchandhowtomakeyourworkknowntoandacceptedbyotherscientists.9(b).Supposeyouhavetheplantopursueacademicstudy,whatdifficultiesdoyouthinkyouwouldhave?(Open.)10.Paraphrasethefollowingfigurativesentences:a.Scienceistheswordinthestonethathumanityfinallypulled.Scienceisthetoolthatthehumanracefinallypossesses.Ithasgreatpotentialsandisbelievedtoempowerandbenefitmankind.b.Theyspreadoutlikeforagersonapicketline,eachaloneorinsmallgroupsprobingacarefullychosen,narrowsector.Similartothosewhoscatteraroundtheropealongwhichhorsesaretiedandbegintosearchwidelyforfoodorprovisions,scientists,withparticularresearchtasksintheirminds,eitherworkingindividuallyorcooperatingwithothers,aredesperatetomakediscoveries.c.Theyarefellowprospectorspressingdeeperintoanabstractedworld,content12 mostofthetimetopickupanoccasionalnuggetbutdreamingofthemotherlode.Likethosewhoworktogethertosearchforminerals,theypushthemselvesforwardandexploredeeplyintotheirresearchareas.Theyfeelsatisfiedwheneverthereisacluetotheirresearch,buttheywouldnotstopmovingforwarduntilrealbreakthroughsaremade.d.SomeareasstolidastaxaccountsinApril.JustlikethetaxaccountstaxpayersgenerallyreceiveinApril,somescientistsarenotveryeasilyarousedorexcited.Theytendtoactinabusinesslikeway.e.Tobehighlysuccessfulthescientistmustbeconfidentenoughtosteerforbluewater,abandoningsightoflandforawhile.Ascientistwhowantstoachievegreatsuccessshouldhavetrustinhisownabilitiesandbekeenondoingpioneeringworkwhichisfullofrisksanduncertainties,withoutanyhelpfrompreviousresearch.VocabularyandstructureA1)diagnostic2)atmost3)spreadingout4)elitists5)driven6)setfooton7)atlarge8)utilitarian9)foritsownsake10)ethosB1)sift2)Admittedly3)diagnostic4)counseled5)notwithstanding6)steer7)probed8)presumptuous9)strewnwith10)followsupC1)ambition,objective,success,goal,victory2)treasure,collector,critic,gallery,work3)acquire,apply,broaden,extend,improve4)experimental,natural,medical,behavioral,social5)symmetry,parasite,pregnancy,science,gene6)presumptuous,gregarious,generous,courageous,ferocious7)productive,reclusive,compulsive,decisive,exclusive8)marine,merge,oceanic,soil,plot,division,D13 1.the2.on3.for4.which5.and6.correct7.back8.correct9.to10.so11.is12.correctTranslation（略）TextBReadingComprehension1becauseourmodernunderstandingofmedievallifehasbeendistortedthrougha19th-centurylens.2English3DrydenandShakespeare’swords,IssacNewtonandhiscontemporaries’scientificwritingsanddictionaries4ItusedtobethedominatinglanguageinEurope.5Notdirectly.BecausethishappensbeforetheriseofEnglish.6Chinese,Spanish,ArabicandEnglish7Japanese:declining;Chinese:rising8Open(Itisexpanding.)9Open(throughmedia–film,TV,publicationsorthroughpolitical/economic/culturalinfluence10No.Thenumberofpeoplewhouseitasasecondlanguagewillbemoreimportant.14'