污水处理厂的毕业设计开题报告 10页

videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty'sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown'ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear's"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目：双牌县污水处理厂扩大初步设计课题类别：设计□√论文　□学生姓名：李佳学号：2009班级：给排0902专业（全称）：给水排水工程指导教师：谢敏2013年3月为了促进本公司各项经营活动由事后管理向事前管理方式的转变，强化生产经营全过程控制，提高资金使用的计划性，特制定本管理办法，以增加公司资金运行的透明度，降低各项成本，使有限的资金发挥最大的效能。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created\nvideoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty'sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown'ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear's"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof一、本课题设计目的、意义：1.进一步熟练掌握专业基础知识，培养独立思考问题和解决问题的能力,；2.通过毕业设计，熟悉掌握取水工程、净水工程的设计原理、方法及步骤；3.根据原始设计资料，正确选定设计方案，对取水工程、输水管道、净水工程进行设计，并进行正确计算；4.掌握设计说明书、计算书的编写内容和编制方法；5.熟练操作计算机软件绘图及手工绘图，具备绘制工程图纸的能力。二、设计资料：1、设计人口：10万人2、排水量标准：180~210L/人日3、工业污水排放量：800m3/d，K时=1.24、污水水质：CODcr=250mg/l；BOD5=200mg/l；SS=250mg/l；大肠杆菌数超标5、污水水温21℃，pH=7.56、出水水质要求：符合《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放国家三级标准》BOD5<30mg/l；SS<30mg/l；CODcr<120mg/l；LAS≤2mg/l；大肠杆菌数≤104个/l；≤25mg/l；总磷≤3mg/l；动植物油≤5mg/l；石油类≤5mg/l；pH=6~9；色度≤30(稀释倍数)。7、污水厂地势基本平坦，自南向北逐渐升高，地面标高在60.34米(地面高程60.34米)，地面坡度为9%。8、场地与其它(1)场地坐标X0.00350.000.00350.00Y0.000.00180.00180.00(Y正指向北)(2)来水方位：X：350.00，Y50.00管内底标高：57.21米管径D=1000mm，充满度h/D=0.6(3)地下水位：54.21米(4)接纳水体：位于场区西边，最高水位：56.08米9、气象资料(1)年平均气温：23℃(2)夏季主导风：东南风，台风最高达9~10级，10米以上构筑物应考虑台风影响。(3)历年平均降水量为：1472.9mm。(4)历年平均相对湿度为：81%。10、城市地质资料：厂区土层情况良好，地下2米深以内为粘土层，2~6.5米为砂粘土，6.5~88米为砾石层。厂区为地震6级区。TP=5mg/L（1）设计出水水质清远市位于珠江流域重点防护区以后，为有效防治水体富营养化和水产养殖业的发展，要求处理工艺必须有脱氮除磷效果。处理厂出水主要污染物执行GB8978-1996中的一级标准。因此，确定本工程设计出水水质标准为：为了促进本公司各项经营活动由事后管理向事前管理方式的转变，强化生产经营全过程控制，提高资金使用的计划性，特制定本管理办法，以增加公司资金运行的透明度，降低各项成本，使有限的资金发挥最大的效能。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created\nvideoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty'sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown'ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear's"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityofBOD5≤20mg/LCODCr≤60mg/LSS≤20mg/LNH3-N≤15mg/LTP≤1.5mg/L三、课题任务要求：1、根据设计资料、当地情况、污水性质与成分，结合课题要求选择合适的污水、污泥处理工艺，此部分要有方案论证；2、在确定污水、污泥的处理工艺流程时，同时选择适宜的各单体构筑物的类型。对所有处理构筑物都进行设计计算，包括确定各有关设计参数、构筑物主要尺寸与所需的材料和规格等；3、污水泵站工艺设计要确定水泵机组的台数、水泵型号、泵站的结构形式以及集水池的容积，并应进行泵站水泵机组管道水力计算和电器设备等布置设计，泵站的建筑与结构设计可参照标准图大致来确定；4、污水处理厂平面布置要紧凑合理，节省占地面积，同时应保证运行管理方便；5、对污水与污泥处理系统要做出准确的水力计算和高程计算；6、设计图纸绘制规范，其中至少有两张基本达到施工图深度，对需绘制施工图的构筑物要进行更为详细设计计算，包括各部位构件的形式、构成与具体尺寸等。四、国内外研究现状及发展趋势（含文献综述）：目前，国内外城市污水处理厂厂采用的工艺有普通活性污泥法、A/O生物脱氮活性污泥法、A/A/O生物脱氮除磷工艺、AB工艺、氧化沟法（循环混合式活性污泥法）、SBR间歇时活性污泥法等工艺。1．关于活性污泥法当前流行的污水处理工艺有：AB法、SBR法、氧化沟法、普通曝气法、A/A/O法、A/O法等，这几种工艺都是从活性污泥法派生出来的，且各有其特点。　①AB法　该法由德国Bohuke教授首先开发。该工艺对曝气池按高、低负荷分二级供氧，A级负荷高，曝气时间短，产生污泥量大，污泥负荷2.5kgBOD/(kgMLSS·d)以上，池容积负荷6kgBOD/(m3·d)以上；B级负荷低，污泥龄较长。A级与B级间设中间沉淀池。二级池子F/M(污染物量与微生物量之比)不同，形成不同的微生物群体。AB法尽管有节能的优点，但不适合低浓度水质，A级和B级亦可分期建设。②SBR法SBR法早在20世纪初已开发，由于人工管理繁琐未予推广。此法集进水、曝气、沉淀、出水在一座池子中完成，常由四个或三个池子构成一组，轮流运转，一池一池地间歇运行，故称序批式活性污泥法。现在又开发出一些连续进水连续出水的改良性SBR工艺，如ICEAS法、CASS法、IDEA法等。这种一体化工艺的特点是工艺简单，由于只有一个反应池，不需二沉池、回流污泥及设备，一般情况下不设调节池，多数情况下可省去初沉池，故节省占地和投资，耐冲击负荷且运行方式灵活，可以从时间上安排曝气、缺氧和厌氧的不同状态，实现除磷脱氮的目的。但因每个池子都需要设曝气和输配水系统，采用滗水器及控制系统，间歇排水水头损失大，池容的利用率不理想，因此，一般来说并不太适用于大规模的城市污水处理厂。③A²/O法由于对城市污水处理的出水有去除氮和磷的要求，故国内10年前开发此厌氧—缺氧—为了促进本公司各项经营活动由事后管理向事前管理方式的转变，强化生产经营全过程控制，提高资金使用的计划性，特制定本管理办法，以增加公司资金运行的透明度，降低各项成本，使有限的资金发挥最大的效能。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created\nvideoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty'sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown'ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear's"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof好氧组成的工艺。利用生物处理法脱氮除磷，可获得优质出水，是一种深度二级处理工艺。A/A/O法的可同步除磷脱氮机制由两部分组成：一是除磷，污水中的磷在厌氧状态下(DO<0.3mg/L)，释放出聚磷菌，在好氧状况下又将其更多吸收，以剩余污泥的形式排出系统。二是脱氮，缺氧段要控制DO<0.7mg/L，由于兼氧脱氮菌的作用，利用水中BOD作为氢供给体(有机碳源)，将来自好氧池混合液中的硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐还原成氮气逸入大气，达到脱氮的目的。为有效脱氮除磷，对一般的城市污水，COD/TKN为3.5～7.0(完全脱氮COD/TKN>12.5)，BOD/TKN为1.5～3.5，COD/TP为30～60，BOD/TP为16～40(一般应＞20)。若降低污泥浓度、压缩污泥龄、控制硝化，以去除磷、BOD5和COD为主，则可用A/O工艺。有的城市污水处理的出水不排入湖泊，利用大水体深水排放或灌溉农田，可将脱氮除磷放在下一步改扩建时考虑，以节省近期投资。　④普通曝气法及其变法本工艺出现最早，至今仍有较强的生命力。普曝法处理效果好，经验多，可适应大的污水量，对于大厂可集中建污泥消化池，所产生沼气可作能源利用。传统普曝法的不足之处是只能作为常规二级处理，不具备脱氮除磷功能。近几年在工程实践中，通过降低普通曝气池容积负荷，可以达到脱氮的目的；在普曝池前设置厌氧区，可以除磷，亦可用化学法除磷。采用普通曝气法去除BOD5，在池型上有多种形式(如下文所述的氧化沟)，工程上称为普通曝气法的变法，亦可统称为普通曝气法。⑤氧化沟法本工艺50年代初期发展形成，因其构造简单，易于管理，很快得到推广，且不断创新，有发展前景和竞争力，当前可谓热门工艺。氧化沟在应用中发展为多种形式，比较有代表性的有：　帕式(Passveer)简称单沟式，表面曝气采用转刷曝气，水深一般在2.5～3.5m，转刷动力效率1.6～1.8kgO2/(kW·h)。　奥式(Orbal)简称同心圆式，应用上多为椭圆形的三环道组成，三个环道用不同的DO(如外环为0，中环为1，内环为2)，有利于脱氮除磷。采用转碟曝气，水深一般在4.0～4.5m，动力效率与转刷接近，现已在山东潍坊、北京黄村和合肥王小郢的城市污水处理厂应用。若能将氧化沟进水设计成多种方式，能有效地抵抗暴雨流量的冲击，对一些合流制排水系统的城市污水处理尤为适用。　卡式(Carrousel)简称循环折流式，采用倒伞形叶轮曝气，从工艺运行来看，水深一般在3.0m左右，但污泥易于沉积，其原因是供氧与流速有矛盾。　三沟式氧化沟(T型氧化沟)，此种型式由三池组成，中间作曝气池，左右两池兼作沉淀池和曝气池。T型氧化沟构造简单，处理效果不错，但其采用转刷曝气，水深浅，占地面积大，复杂的控制仪表增加了运行管理的难度。不设厌氧池，不具备除磷功能。　氧化沟一般不设初沉池，负荷低，耐冲击，污泥少。建设费用及电耗视采用的沟型而变，如在转碟和转刷曝气形式中，再引进微孔曝气，加大水深，能有效地提高氧的利用率(提高20%)和动力效率［达2.5～3.0kgO2/(kW·h)］。2、曝气生物滤池曝气生物滤池实质上是常说的生物接触氧化池，相当于在曝气池中添加供微生物栖附的填(滤)料，在填料下鼓气，是具有活性污泥特点的生物膜法。曝气生物滤池(BAF)70年代末起源于欧洲大陆，已发展为法、英等国设备制造公司的技术和设备产品。由于选用的填料不同，以及是否有脱氮要求，设计的工艺参数是不同的，如要求处理出水BOD5、SS＜20mg/L，去除BOD5达90%以上的工艺，其容积负荷为0.7～3.0kgBOD5/(m3·为了促进本公司各项经营活动由事后管理向事前管理方式的转变，强化生产经营全过程控制，提高资金使用的计划性，特制定本管理办法，以增加公司资金运行的透明度，降低各项成本，使有限的资金发挥最大的效能。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created\nvideoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty'sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown'ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear's"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityofd)，水力停留时间1～2h；以硝化(90%以上)为主的工艺，其容积负荷为0.5～2.0kgBOD5/(m3·d)，水力停留时间2～3h。一般认为，生物膜法处理城市污水，在国内尚需积累经验，处理规模不宜过大，约5×104m3/d左右为宜。国外(主要在欧洲)处理水量有达到36×104m3/d的，这与其填料材质、自控手段和先进的反冲洗装置有关，也与其有长期积累的运行管理经验有关。3、关于UNITANK工艺UNITANK工艺和类似的TCBS工艺、MSBR工艺一样，都是SBR法新的变型和发展。它集“序批法”、“普通曝气池法”及“三沟式氧化沟法”的优点，克服了“序批法”间歇进水、“三沟式氧化沟法”占地面积大、“普通曝气池法”设备多的缺点。典型的UNITANK工艺是三个水池，三池之间水力连通，每池都设有曝气系统，外侧的两池设有出水堰及污泥排放口，它们交替作为曝气池和沉淀池。污水可以进入三池中的任意一个，采用连续进水、周期交替运行。在自动控制下使各池处在好氧、缺氧及厌氧状态，以完成有机物和氮磷的去除。UNITANK工艺由比利时Seghers公司首先建在我国的澳门特区，处理水量14×104m3/d(不下雨时平均处理水量为7×104m3/d)，池型封闭，设计采用的容积负荷为0.58kgBOD/(m3·d)，总的反应池体积为46800m3，曝气池水力停留时间为8h，出水的BOD5、SS＜20mg/L。这类一体化工艺是传统活性污泥工艺的变形，可以采用活性污泥工艺的设计方法对不同的污染物加以去除，如考虑硝化，其负荷一般在0.05～0.10kgBOD5/(kgMLSS·d)，硝化率视污水温度而异。而要求污泥稳定化，其污泥负荷和污泥龄要远远超过硝化时的数值。　容积利用率低是此类一体化工艺共同的主要问题，就是说在一个较长停留时间的曝气系统内，有50%左右的池容用于沉淀。　UNITANK工艺的成功与否有赖于系统采用稳定可靠的仪表及设备，因此引进技术，消化、吸收和开发先进的自控系统是应用此工艺的关键问题。一般认为，UNITANK工艺不太适用于大型(>10×104m3/d)的城市污水处理厂。4、生物处理法的新进展生物处理法是目前研究得较多、新技术层出不穷的方法，无论是好氧生物处理技术，还是厌氧生物处理技术都引起了研究人员的极大兴趣。因为用生物法利用的是微生物的新陈代谢作用，以污染物质为食料，将其代谢成诸如CO2、H2O、NH3、SO2等稳定的小分子，它的二次污染小，对处理生活污水及与之性质相近的有机污水有其独特的优势。生物处理法自从问世以来，其技术已获得了极大的发展，随着人们生活水平的日益提高，生活污水中的成也日益复杂，因此用生物处理方法的目的也从以前能处理降解蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物等一类物质增加到也能处理合成洗涤剂、脱氮、脱磷及其它一些难降解的复杂有机物。这也就必然要求人们改革工艺，过去由于厌氧生物处理的效率不尽人意，处理时间也较慢，所以未引起人们的重视，仅仅用来处理污泥或高浓度有机污水的预处理，但现在由于能源紧张，厌氧生物处理由于能产生能源物质—甲烷而越来越引起人们的青睐，由此也出现了许多新的工艺。（1）活性污泥法的新发展到目前为止，对活性污泥法在运行方式上还没有大的突破，往往所作的是一些局部的改进，但在曝气方式上确取得了较大的成果，如纯氧曝气、深井曝气、射流曝气，采用微气泡扩散器等，这些都增大了氧转移率、提高了氧的利用率使曝气池中氧的浓度增加。如美日等国研制出的一种超微气泡扩散器，气泡直径50Lm，氧吸收率达90%，ReidEngineeringCompanyofFrederickshurg等研制的氧化沟下表面曝气也是一种曝气方式的改进，把冲刷曝气(BrushAeration)改进透平曝气(TurbineAeration)为了促进本公司各项经营活动由事后管理向事前管理方式的转变，强化生产经营全过程控制，提高资金使用的计划性，特制定本管理办法，以增加公司资金运行的透明度，降低各项成本，使有限的资金发挥最大的效能。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created\nvideoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty'sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown'ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear's"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof避免了产生气溶胶、飞溅、结冰等问题。活性污泥法的另一个发展趋势就是朝多功能方向发展，采用的方法有：培养驯化专用细菌，使活性污泥处理对象不局限于生活污水，还可以处理如酚一类难降解的有毒有机物，甚至驯化可以处理象氰一类有剧毒的无机物；把活性污泥与其它处理方法结合起来，如活性炭—活性污泥法，它实际上是一种以活性污泥法形式的活性炭吸附、生物氧化法的综合处理法；固定活性污泥法是提供微生物附着的表面，如合成纤维、塑料、细沙、粘土焦炭等，使曝气池同时存在附着相和悬浮相的生物；这些都提高了活性污泥的净化效率，提高了抗有毒物质等冲击负荷的能力，还具有脱色、脱氮、削减泡沫的效果，国外已用于合成纤维、化工印染、炼油、炼焦等工业生产的污水处理；活性污泥法与厌氧工艺结合来脱氮、脱磷等，最典型的工艺是A-O(anaerobic-oxic)流程。活性污泥法还可和化学法结合，提高净化多氯联苯、有机磷的去除效果。（2）生物膜处理法的新进展生物膜法最早出现的工艺是1893年在英国出现的将污水喷撒在粗滤料上而得以净化的普通生物滤池，它是最早出现而至今仍在不断改进和发展的人工生物处理设备。在它的基础上，出现了高负荷生物滤池、塔式生物滤池、生物转盘和生物接触氧化等。近二三十年来，又出现了一些新型的生物膜法处理技术，如生物流化床，它是以砂、焦炭、活性炭等颗粒材料作为载体，其载体表面附着生长着生物膜，充氧后的污水以一定流速自下而上流动使载处于流化状态，载体上的生物膜可以充分地和污水接触，使净化效率提高，它的工艺有空气流床、纯氧流动床、三相流化床和厌氧兼型流化床工艺等。活性生物滤池是将生物滤池、曝气池及二沉池结合为一体的新型污水处理工艺，它的特点是将生物滤池的部分出水回流汇同二沉池的回流污泥一起进入生物滤池，用活性生物滤池处理生活污水和食品加工废水的试验结果表明：该系统具有处理效果好、效率高、BOD容积负荷大、不发生污泥膨胀和耐冲击负荷等优点。另外还有空气驱动的生物转盘、生物转盘和曝气池相结合、藻类转盘等。由于生物膜法的生态环境与活性污泥法的不同，生物膜法生态系统中可以生长藻类、后生动物等，甚至可以生长硝化菌及反硝化菌等，因此可以用来脱氮等。（3）厌氧生物处理法的新发展厌氧生物处理法也有一百多年的历史，它是利用厌氧微生物在无氧的条件下对有机物进行分解的技术。由于处理效率低、速度慢、且甲烷菌对环境要求严格不易控制等缺点，厌氧生物处理法长期以来一般仅用于污泥处理，它的主要工艺是化粪池、消化池等。但是由于近年来能源危机及环境污染加重，厌氧生物处理由于其产物具有能源物质而得到人们的重视，一大批新的厌氧生物处理法技术相继诞生，为了提高厌氧微生物的浓度，有使厌氧微生物附着在载体表面的厌氧生物膜处理方法如厌氧生物滤池、厌氧转盘、厌氧膨胀床、厌氧接触氧化、厌氧档板反应器、厌氧流化床法，以及象上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)依靠微生物之间凝聚造粒而形成的自己固定法方法。还有人为地固定微生物包埋固定化法，它是人为地把增殖速度缓慢的厌氧微生物高浓度地保持在处理系统中，提高处理速度、缩小处理设备并可用于处理低浓度的有机污水。如日本本田等人1988年采用包埋固定厌氧微生物处理TOC为150mgöL的人工配水，TOC的去除率可达95%以上。在厌氧处理中，甲烷的增殖速度慢成为产气的决定步骤，因此为了保持甲烷发酵中高浓度的微生物，出现了利用膜的固液分离法，如柏分等人1988年利用超滤膜(UF)进行甲烷发酵试验，结果表明：提高了反应器内甲烷的浓度，TOC的容积负荷为2göL·日，其去除率可达98.4%以上。厌氧生物处理法目前的发展趋势是和其它生物处理方法联用，如厌氧—好氧复合工艺等，具有节约投资、节省能源、污泥产量少、出水水质好等一系列优点。厌氧生物处理法正朝着能处理低浓度有机污水，能够脱磷脱氮且运行维护方便经济等方面发展。5、活性污泥工艺的发展趋势为了促进本公司各项经营活动由事后管理向事前管理方式的转变，强化生产经营全过程控制，提高资金使用的计划性，特制定本管理办法，以增加公司资金运行的透明度，降低各项成本，使有限的资金发挥最大的效能。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created\nvideoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty'sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown'ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear's"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof通过几十年的研究与实践，活性污泥工艺已经成为一种比较完善的工艺。在池形、运行方式、曝气方式、载体等方面已经很难有较大的发展。用常规手段也已经很难在生物学方面有所突破。有学者认为该工艺未来两个大的方向是膜分离技术和分子生物学技术的应用。（1）膜分离技术的应用用膜分离代替沉淀进行泥水分离，可带来活性污泥工艺的以下变化：①不再存在污泥膨胀问题。在调控活性污泥系统时，不必再考虑污泥的沉降性能问题，从而使工艺控制大大简化；②曝气池的污泥浓度将大大提高(ＭＬＳＳ可以大于20000ｍｇ/Ｌ)从而使系统可在超大泥龄、超低负荷状态下运行，充分满足去除各种污染物质的需要；③在同样的处理要求下，可使曝气池容积大大减小，节省处理厂的占地面积；④污泥浓度的提高，将要求较高的曝气速率，因而纯氧曝气将随着膜分离而被大量采用。虽然膜分离目前还存在易堵塞等方面的问题，但这些问题正逐步得到解决。实际上，目前已有一批膜分离活性污泥系统在运行，如日本Ｈｉｒｏｓｈｉｗａ市的Ｈｉｇａｓｈｉ污水处理厂的膜分离系统已连续运行3年。（2）分子生物技术的应用目前分子生物技术已开始应用于污水处理领域。为搞清聚磷菌除磷的生化机理，已开始用分子诊断技术获取聚磷菌的遗传信息。现在从活性污泥中已发现的30多种丝状菌中，只有4种准确命名及生物分类学定位，因为这些丝状菌大部分无法进行分离纯培养。目前正用分子诊断技术进行这些丝状菌的生物学定位，以进一步准确了解其特性。分子诊断技术的大量应用，活性污泥微生物基因库的建立，在此基础上用基因技术培育具有高效活性的污泥菌种，进一步提高处理效果，是未来发展的方向。参考文献[1]《给水排水设计手册》（第二版），中国建工出版社，2004年。[2]张自杰主编《排水工程》，中国建工出版社，1995年。[3]《污水处理工艺及工程方案设计》，中国建工出版社，2000年。[4]谢水波，余健.现代给水排水工程设计[M].长沙：湖南大学出版社，2000.[5]李亚峰，尹士君.给水排水工程专业毕业设计指南[M].北京：化学工业出版社，2003.[6]高俊发，王社平.污水处理厂工艺设计手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社环境科学与工程出版中心，2003.[7]周雹.国内外城镇污水处理技术概况.天津市政设计[J],2003. [8]张统等. SBR及其变法污水处理与回用技术.化学工业出版社[M], 2003.[9]黄维生.浅谈我国污水处理工程的现状.西南给排水[M], 2005.[10]董文福,傅徳黔.我国城市污水处理厂现状,存在问题及对策研究.环境科学导刊[J],2008.为了促进本公司各项经营活动由事后管理向事前管理方式的转变，强化生产经营全过程控制，提高资金使用的计划性，特制定本管理办法，以增加公司资金运行的透明度，降低各项成本，使有限的资金发挥最大的效能。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created\nvideoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty'sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown'ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear's"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof五、工艺的确定污泥处理处置？（一）初步拟定的两套污水处理的方案和工艺流程图为了促进本公司各项经营活动由事后管理向事前管理方式的转变，强化生产经营全过程控制，提高资金使用的计划性，特制定本管理办法，以增加公司资金运行的透明度，降低各项成本，使有限的资金发挥最大的效能。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created\nvideoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty'sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown'ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear's"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof(二)污水处理工艺设备选型、方案比较及确定1．方案1—A²∕O法处理工艺的特点优点：（1）该工艺为最简单的同步脱氮除磷工艺，总的水力停留时间很短，总的占地面积少于其它的工艺。（2）在厌氧好氧胶体运行条件下，丝状菌的不到大量增殖，无污泥膨胀，SVI值一般均小于100。（3）污泥中含磷浓度高，具有很高的肥效。（4）运行中勿需投药，两个A段只用轻缓搅拌，运行费用低。缺点：（1）除磷效果难于再行提高，污泥增长有一定的限度，不易提高，特别是当P∕值高时更是如此。（2）脱氮效果也难于进一步提高，内循环量一般以2Q为限，不宜太高，否则增加运行费用。（3）对沉淀池要保持一定的浓度的溶解氧，减少停留时间，防止产生厌氧状态和污泥释放磷的现象出现，但溶解浓度也不宜过高，以防止循环混合液对缺氧反应器的干扰。2．方案2—厌氧池+氧化沟处理工艺的特点氧化沟除了具有A²∕O法处理工艺的效果外，还具有如下特点：①具有独特的水力流动特点，有利于活性污泥的生物凝聚作用，而且可以将其工作区分为富氧区、缺氧区，用以进行硝化和反硝化作用，取得脱氮效果。②不设初沉池，有机性悬浮物在氧化沟内能达到好氧稳定的程度。③BOD负荷低，使氧化沟具有对水温、水质、水量的变动有较强的适应性，污泥产率低，勿需进行硝化处理。④脱氮效果还能进一步提高。⑤电耗较小，运行费用低。综合以上分析，本设计选择厌氧池+氧化沟处理工艺六、设计（研究）进度计划：序号毕业设计（论文）工作任务周次1布置设计任务，开题文献综述，外文翻译42污水处理厂设计计算5~6.53绘制污水处理厂总平面图和工艺流程图7.5~84绘制单项处理构筑物工艺图9~135编写设计说明书和计算书14~156提交设计成果，论文修改、评定，答辩16~17为了促进本公司各项经营活动由事后管理向事前管理方式的转变，强化生产经营全过程控制，提高资金使用的计划性，特制定本管理办法，以增加公司资金运行的透明度，降低各项成本，使有限的资金发挥最大的效能。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created\nvideoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty'sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown'ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear's"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof六、主要参考文献与外文翻译文件（由指导教师选定）[1]《全国通用给水排水标准图集》中国建筑科学研究院建筑标准设计研究所出版，1992年。[2]《给水排水设计手册》（第二版），中国建工出版社，2004年。[3]崔玉川主编《城市污水厂处理设施设计计算》，化学工业出版社，1993年。[4]张自杰主编《排水工程》，中国建工出版社，1995年。[5]《污水处理工艺及工程方案设计》，中国建工出版社，2000年。[6]金兆丰主编，《污水处理组合工艺及工程实例》，化学工业出版社，1993年。[7]韩洪军主编，《水处理工程设计计算》，中国建筑工业出版社，2006年。英文翻译原件JiatianLin,YongyouHu,GuanghuaWang.Sludgereductioninanactivatedsludgesewagetreatmentprocessbylysis-crypticgrowthusingClO2-ultrasonicationdisruptionBiochemicalEngineering,2012,68,(15):54-60指导教师意见签名：月日教研室（学术小组）意见教研室主任（学术小组长）（签章）：月日为了促进本公司各项经营活动由事后管理向事前管理方式的转变，强化生产经营全过程控制，提高资金使用的计划性，特制定本管理办法，以增加公司资金运行的透明度，降低各项成本，使有限的资金发挥最大的效能。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created