外文翻译 食品工业污水处理 10页

FOODINDUSTRYWASTEWATERTREATMENT食品工业污水处理AbstractThepurposeofthepresentstudyistoassesstheconditionofwastewaterspertainingtotheproductionofcookingoilandtodevelopaneffectiveandlow-costmethodforpurificationofwastewatersandutilisationofotheroilproduction-relatedwasteswhichwouldcomplywithenvironmentalsafetyrequirements.Itwasmadeaqualityassessmentintermsofcontentofpollutingsubstancesofcookingoil-productionwastewater.Foridentificationoffatcontent(phospholipids)ofwastewaters,thethin-layerchromatographymethodwasapplied.Thebasisoftheproposedmethodforpurificationofwastewaterswasapreliminaryseparationofclarifiedandneutralizedwastewaterbydintofcalciumcarbonate,subsequentlysodiumhypochloriteforwaterclarificationanditsadditionalneutralizationwasused.Thepresentedmethodallowsreachingahighdegreeofwastewaterpurification,beingeffectiveandlow-cost.摘要本研究的目的是评估生产食用油污水的情况和制定一个有效的、低成本的净化方法，在遵守环保安全要求的情况下利用其他含油污水和含油废弃物，旨在按照质量来评价烹调产生的油类污水。其中薄层色谱法应用于识别脂肪含量(磷脂)的污水。在该方法的基础上，对污水的净化是一个初步澄清分离污水中的碳酸钙，随后用次氯酸钠澄清水，再添加中和剂的过程。本文所提出的方法可以达到一个高度净化污水的目的，具有高效、低成本的特点。Keywords:Cookingoilproductionwastewater;phospholipids;thin-layerchromatography;wastewaterpurification;wastewatertreatment关键词:食用油生产污水；磷脂；薄层色谱法；污水净化；污水处理Oneofthemaintendenciesofdevelopmentoffoodindustryinthe21stcenturyisthecreationofusefulandhealthyproducts,theso-calledfunctionalfoodproducts.Aspecificfeatureofsuchproductsisthattheycontainingredientswhich,besidestheirtraditionalnutrientandenergysupplyingfunction,alsopossessarangeofspecificphysiologicalfunctionswhichhelphumanorganismtocombatnegativeinfluenceofcivilisation.创造这种有用的、健康的叫做功能性食品的产品在二十一世纪成为一种食品工业上的主要发展趋势。这种产品的特征是包含了某些材料，除了具有提供传统养分和能量的功能，还具有一系列独特的生理功能，有助于人体对抗负面影响。Foodindustryisoneofthemostresource-demandingbranchesofindustry,thereforeitisespeciallyimportanttoensurerationalusageofrawmaterials.Intheprocessingsub-branchesofagriculturalcomplexwherethenetvalueofproductsiscomprisedofmaterialandenergyexpenditures,itisincreasinglycrucialtodecreasetheconsumptionofmaterials.Thiscanbeachievedbydintofwideimplementationofnon-wastetechnologies,complexusageofrawmaterialsandsecondary(recycled)resourcesincombinedindustry.Anotherimportantaspectofthesubjectproblemisensuringofecologicalsafetyofplantswherethefoodproductsareproducedaswellaseliminationoftheinfluenceofthewastesupontheenvironment.Oneofthemostimportantproblemswhichthefoodindustryenterprisesfaceistheproblemofwastewatertreatment.InUkraine,food-producingenterprisesaremostlylocatedintheWestandtheSouth-Westwhichhavearichnetworkofwaterbodies.Thismeansthat\ncontroloverdischargeofsewagewateristobeexercisedmorestrictlythanusualandfood-producingcompaniesintheseregionsaretobepreventedfrompollutingthewaterreservoirs.食品企业是对资源要求最高的产业结构之一，因此确保原材料的合理使用显得尤为重要。农业加工行业的净价值由原材料和能量支出决定，而且越来越多的决定于原材料的消耗。这就可以实现无废物生产技术、反复使用的原材料技术和使用二次(再生)资源技术的联合工业。食品工厂在产品生产和去除环境中废物的过程中的主要问题的另一个重要方面是确保生态安全。其中一个最重要的问题是企业面临的食品工业污水处理的问题。在乌克兰,食品生产企业主要分布在有丰富水体网络的西部和西南部。这意味着控制排放的污水要比平时更严格地执行来避免食品生产公司在这些地区污染水库。Ukraineisoneofthefivemainworldproducersofsunflower.Yearlyoutputofsunfloweramountedtomorethan4milliontonnesinthisyear.OnlyArgentine(6.4mtonnes)producedmore.乌克兰是世界五个主要向日葵生产地之一。今年向日葵的年产量达400万多吨。比阿根廷(6.4万吨)所产生的多得多。Inthelatestyears,Ukrainianvegetableoilmarkethasbecomeincreasinglymoreintegratedintotheglobalvegetableoilmarket.ThisisduetothefactthatprocessesofinternationaldivisionoflabourgetdeepenedandUkraineisbecomingoneoftheworld’sleadingproducersofsunflowerseeds,sunfloweroil,andgroats.最近几年，乌克兰的植物油市场日益融入全球植物油市场。这是由于这样的事实，乌克兰在国际分工的过程中得到深化，已经成为世界领先的向日葵花种子、向日葵花油和燕麦的生产地。Therefore,wearefacingacruciallyimportanttaskwhichforeseesamoredetailedexaminationofpeculiaritiesofsuchvaluableproductassunfloweroil,bringingthisproductionclosertotheecologicallycleantechnologieswhilstminimisingthewastesofproduction.因此,我们正在面临着一个重要的任务,更详尽地预测如此有价值的向日葵花油的产品特性，促进清洁生产同时减少产生的废料。Sunfloweroil,alongsideothervegetableoils,possessesanumberofusefulpropertieswhichmakeitsconsumptionalotmorepreferablethanconsumptionofanimalfat.向日葵花油与其他植物油一样，拥有许多有益的特性，比很多动物脂肪消耗的更多。Withthepurposeoffurtherstudyofecologicalinfluenceofproductionofthecookingoil,assessmentoftheconditionofsewagewater,weshallexaminethetechnologyofoilproduction.我们进一步对生产食用油产生的生态影响的研究是为了评估污水情况,检查技术食用油的生产工艺。Extractionmethodisappliedowingtothesolubilityoffatinorganicether,hexane,andpentane.Thefatwhichisproducedinthismannermustbecleansedofsolventsandthefatistoberefined.提取方法是应用于溶解性脂肪如有机醚、环己烷和戊烷。这样产生的脂肪必须用溶剂清洗然后精炼浓缩。Theoilproducedbywayofpressingmayberefinedornotrefined.Butgiventheincreasedusageofchemicalsintheagricultureandthedeteriorationoftheenvironment,therawmaterialsaswellastheoilmaycontainpesticides,toxicmetals,mycotoxins,andcarcinogenicbenzopyrene.Becauseofthis,scientistsandspecialists\ndeemitthatallkindsofoilmustnecessarilybesubjecttorefinementwhilstrawmaterialistobesubjecttosanitaryandhygieniccontrol,verifyingthepresenceorabsenceofthesesubstances.通过压榨产生的油可能是精炼的，也有可能不是。但是使用化学物质会使农业和环境恶化，原材料以及油中可能含有杀虫剂、有毒金属、毒素、致癌苯并芘。因此，科学家们和专家认为这种油必须在安全和卫生的控制下精制提纯，核实不存在这些物质。Oilrefinementleadstofullorpartialremovalofharmfulsubstances.Dependinguponthedepthofpurification,thefollowingtypesofoilareproduced:食用油的提纯导致全部或部分的有害物质的被去除。取决于纯化的深度，以下类型食用油被生产:•non-refined(cleanedfrommechanicaladmixtures)•hydrated(cleanedfromphosphatides)•refinednon-deodorised(cleanedfromphosphatides,freefatacids,colouringagents)•refineddeodorised(refinedoilcleanedfromaromaticandflavouringsubstances,pesticidesandcarcinogens).Afterthenon-refinedoilisseparatedfromtherawmaterial,itistobefilteredorlefttosettle,sothatpeelings,particlesofseedcoats,pulpetccanberemoved.Thenon-refinedoilpossessescolour,flavour,andsmellwhicharepeculiartoitsmotherrawmaterialaswellasallthecorrespondingsubstances(includingthebiologicallyactiveones)whicharenativetoit.•未精炼的(来自机械压榨)•水合物(来自磷脂)•精炼有臭味的(来自磷脂，游离脂肪酸、着色剂)•精炼无臭味的(从香料和芳香物质,从杀虫剂和致癌物质清洗出来的精炼油)。未精炼的油从原料分离后，是过滤或沉淀下来，以便种皮,胚、果肉等可以去掉。有臭味的油具有的颜色、气味、味道都是独一无二的,其原料以及所有类似的物质(包括生物活性物)都是土生土长的。MostofUkrainianoil-producingenterprisesdonotprovideforpurificationofindustrialwastewaters,dumpingthousandsoftonnesofpollutingsubstancesintothewaterbodies.Thepurificationfacilitieswhichexistinsomeplaceswereconstructedalongtimeagoandhadbeendesignedwithregardtotherequirementsofdomesticwastewaterpurification.Suchfacilities,atbest,partiallydecreasethevalueofgeneralBOD(biologicaloxygendemand)orsimplyletthewastewaterflowthrough;whilstatworst,thewastewaterisdecomposinginthesefacilitiesandbecomesevenmorepoisonouswhendumpedintowaterbodies.Suchindustrialwastewatersaremostlypolluted,especiallywithorganicsubstances;thereforethepurificationfacilitieswhicharecurrentlyinoperationareunabletocleanthemincompliancewithsanitaryrequirements.Asignificantecologicaldangercomesfromthepollutionofsurfacewaterswithorganicsubstanceswhichthewastewatersflowingfromcookingoil-producingfacilitiescontain.Thesesubstances,whendumpedintowaterbodies,promptthedevelopmentofdecompositionprocesses,infectwaterbodieswithpathogenicbacteria,causewaterefflorescenceandhaveanoverallnegativeinfluenceoverfaunaandflora.Formanyenterprisesofthesubjectbranch,purificationofwastewaterspresentsaseriousproblem.\n乌克兰大部分的食用油生产企业不能净化工业污水，排放成千上万吨的污染物质进入水体。一些存在净化设备的地方是很久以前建立的而且是为生活污水净化而设计的。这些设施即使在最好的情况下也只能减少部分BOD（生物需氧量）值或者仅仅是让水通过；最坏的情况是这些污水在排入水体前腐蚀这些设备并增强毒性。这些工业污水大多受到污染，特别是有机物的污染；当前的净化设备不能达到卫生要求。这些受食用油生产企业产生的有机物污染的地表水成为重大的生态危机。这些物质排放到水体中促进了腐烂过程，病原菌污染了水体，导致水恶臭并且对动植物产生影响。对于许多企业，污水净化成为一个严峻的问题。Thepurposeofthepresentstudyistoassesstheconditionofwastewaterspertainingtotheproductionofcookingoilandtodevelopaneffectiveandlow-costmethodforpurificationofwastewatersandutilisationofotheroilproduction-relatedwasteswhichwouldcomplywithenvironmentalsafetyrequirements.本研究的目的是评估食用油工业产生的污水情况和开发一种高效、低成本的方法来利用市面上其他油类污水，并且达到环保安全要求。Asbasisofourstudy,wehavechosenthewastewatersdumpedbythoseUkrainianvegetableoilproducingenterpriseswhosepurificationfacilitiesareallbutunusedduetotheirtechnicaldeficiency.Asaresultofthis,thepollutedwastewaters,whichdonotcorrespondtotherequirementsoftheLawofUkraine“Aboutprotectionofenvironment”and“RegulationsforProtectionofSurfaceWatersfromWastewaterPollution”,aredumpedintoopenwaterbodies.Asoftoday,themainproblemofsuchfacilitiesisthevastamountofwastewaterswhicharedischargedintheprocessofproduction.Thesewastewatersflowingfromextractionandrefinementworkshopsareheavilypollutedwithorganicsubstances(neutralfats,phospholipids,organicacidsetc),bothindissolvedconditionandintheformofsuspendedsolidsandemulsion.Itisnotpossibletodumpsuchwastewatersintoopenwaterbodieswithoutpriorpurification.Theenterpriseregardeditaseconomicallyunsoundtoneutralisedischargesusingsodiumhydroxidebecausealotofsodiumhydroxideisneededwhilethewaterbodywouldgetevenmorepolluted.Wastewatersarecharacterisedbyhighdegreeofturbidity(dimness);theappearanceofthesubstanceresemblesshakenemulsionofsuspendedsubstancesintheformoftinyflakeshavingasharpunpleasantsmellofrancidfatexposedtorottingprocesses.以研究为基础，我们通过乌克兰的植物油生产企业选择废弃的污水，那些企业的净化设施由于工艺缺陷几乎不用。因此，不符合乌克兰“关于保护环境”和“保护地表水污水污染条例”法律要求的污染污水排入开放的水体。从今天开始，主要问题是这些设备在生产过程中大量排放的污水。这些来自提纯和精炼的车间的污水含有大量的有机污染物(中性脂肪、磷脂、有机酸等)，以悬浮液和乳浊液的形式溶解。事先未经净化的污水不可能排放在开放的水体中。企业出于经济问题的考虑不会中和排放的氢氧化钠，虽然水体会造成更严重的污染，但是氢氧化钠是必须的。污水特色是高度的浑浊(浑浊)；外表类似悬浮液摇动后的乳浊液，以微小的鳞片形式存在，并有腐败过程产生的难闻的腐臭气味。Experimentalpart实验部分Inordertodesignamethodforpurificationoftheaforementionedwastewaters,wehaveconductedaseriesofexperimentalinvestigation.Aqualityassessment(intermsofcontentofpollutingsubstances)ofcookingoil-productionwastewaterwasmadeusingphysicalandchemicalmethodsofanalysis.Adegreeofpollutionofwastewater\nwasdeterminedintermsofthefollowingindicators(Table1).为了设计出一种净化上述污水的方法，我们已经进行了一系列的实验研究。烹饪产生的含油污水质量的评价(污染物质的指标)采用物理和化学的分析方法。污水的污染程度取决于以下指标(表1)。Table1.Qualityindicatorsofwastewatersfromtheexaminedoil-producingfacilities表1从含油污水设备中检查出的质量指标No.WastewaterindicatorqualityMeasuringunitValues(defacto)Values(normal)1Iron(general)mg/dm³1.620.32Ammoniamg/dm³10.02.03Phosphatesmg/dm³102.793.54Suspendedsubstancesmg/dm³104.4155Dryresiduemg/dm³1571.02006Syntheticsurfacesubstances(anionic)activemg/dm³0.880.57Fatsmg/dm³13.01.08Biologicaldemand-5(BOD-5)oxygenmg/dm³36.5159pHvaluemg/dm³2.16.5-8.5编号污水指标品质计量单位实际值正常值1铁(总体)mg/dm³1.620.32氨mg/dm³10.02.03磷酸盐mg/dm³102.793.54悬浮物mg/dm³104.4155干残渣mg/dm³1571.02006表面合成物质(阴离子)活性的mg/dm³0.880.57脂肪mg/dm³13.01.08BOD-5氧mg/dm³36.5159PH值mg/dm³2.16.5-8.5InordertodetermineBOD-5,aneutralisationoftheexaminedwatersamplewasmadeandthewatersamplewasdissolvedusingaspeciallyprepared,oxygen-saturatedwatercontainingnutrients;incubationofthesamplelastingacertainperiodoftime(5days)att°=20±1°Сwithoutairandlightaccessinanentirelyfilledandcorkedbottle;concentrationofdissolvedoxygenbeforeandaftertheincubationperiodwasdeterminedbythemethodofvoluminaliodometrictitration;turbidityofthewater\nsamplewasdeterminedusingthephotometricmethodofanalysis(turbidimetricmethod).为了确定BOD-5,制作经检测水样的中和液，然后倒入一种特别的准备好的、含饱和氧、含有机物的水；保持水样一段时间（5天）恒温20±1摄氏度，满满地放入完全隔绝空气、光照的用瓶塞塞住的瓶子；用碘量滴定的体积表示恒温培养期前后的浓度；水样的浊度用分光光度法（浊度滴定法）。Foridentificationoffatcontentofwastewaters,thethin-layerchromatographymethodwasappliedwithsilicagel“H”platesproducedbyMerkcompany,layerthickness=0.3mm.Chromatographywasmadeinthefollowingsystems:为辨认污水中脂肪的含量，薄层色谱法应用默克公司生产的硅胶“H”板，厚度=0.3毫米。色谱分析法在下列溶液中:Direction1:chloroform:methanol:25%aqueoussolutionofammoniuminthefollowingproportions:65-25-2.Direction2:chloroform:methanol:aceticacid:water;proportions:85-15-10-3.方法1：氯仿：甲醇：25%的硝酸铵水溶液：比例:65-25-2。方法2：氯仿：甲醇：醋酸：水；比例:85-15-10-3。Afterpreliminaryneutralisationanddepositionofsulphates,thewastewater(qty=50mcL)wasappliedontheplateinrightlowerangle.Afterdrying,theplatewasinsertedintothechromatographicchamberfilledwithasystemofsolventsforDirection1.AftertheF1SolventFrontwaspassed,theplatewasremovedandair-dried.Thenitwasturnedover90°clockwisecomparedtoitsinitialplacing,andagaininsertedintothechromatographicchamberfilledwithasystemofsolventsforDirection2.AfterpassingofF2SolventFront,theplatewasremovedandair-dried.Thenitwasdevelopedinanexsiccatorsaturatedwithiodinesteamforabout15minutes.Thephospholipidsmanifestedthemselvesonthechromatogramintheformofyellowstains.经过初步硫酸盐中和和沉淀，污水（数量=50mcl）涂抹在感光片右下角。经过干燥，感光片插入到装满方法1溶液的色谱仪内。在通过F1溶剂后，将感光片移开、风干。接着顺时针转90度和最初的进行比较，再一次插入到装满方法2溶液的色谱仪内。在通过F2溶剂后，将感光片再次移开、风干。然后放入碘蒸汽中15分钟显影。磷脂显示着各种黄色的色谱图。Itwasdetectedthatoilproduction-relatedwastewaterscontainthefollowingphospholipids(Figure1):这是市面上检测到的油制造行业污水所包含的磷脂(图1)：\nFigure1.ChromatogramofphospholipidsinoilproductionWastewaters图1油制造行业污水的磷脂气相色谱1-neutrallipids;2-phosphatidylethanolamine;3-phosphatidyl-glycerol;4-phosphatidylinositol;5-phosphatidicacids;6,7-lysophosphatidylcholine;8-sphingomyelins9-phosphatidylserine;10-lysophosphatidylinositol;11,12–lysophosphatidylserine1-中性脂肪。2-磷脂酰乙醇胺;3-磷脂酰丙三醇;4-卵磷脂;5-磷脂酸;6、7-溶血卵磷脂;8-鞘磷脂9-磷脂酰丝氨酸;\n10-溶血磷脂纤维醇;11、12-溶血磷脂丝氨酸Onthestageofprimarywatertreatment,reagentmethodswereused,whichincludedneutralisationofoilindustry’swastewatersusingcalciumcarbonate(chalk)whichisacheapandeasilyaccessiblematerial.Thetechnologyofwaterpurificationbychemicaldepositionpresupposesitspreliminarypurificationfromcolloidal-dispersedandsuspendedsubstancesusingcoagulationwithsubsequentseparationofthedepositionasaresultoffiltering,settlementorflotation.Asaresultofchalkinjection—0.5gintothewastewater(V=0.5ml),intensedischargeofcarbonicacidisobservedwherebyathickfoamylayerisformedandsaltsrelatedtosulphateacid(whichisusedintheproductionprocess)subsideintodeposit.Whenthemixisheated,thementionedprocessaccelerates,whichtestifiestothefactthatneutralisercanbeinjectedintothewastewaterreceivedimmediatelyafterproductionwithoutpriorcoolingofthiswastewater;thisalsohasitsadvantageswithregardtorationalusageofcleanwaterfortechnologicalpurposes.Asaresultoftheprocessdescribedabove,wehavereachedapHvalueof5.1,havinginjected1.5gofcalciumcarbonateinto50mlofwastewater.在主要水处理阶段，使用化学试剂的方法，食用油工业污水使用廉价、方便的碳酸钙(白垩)作为材料。水净化工艺使用混凝剂将胶体和悬浮物进行初步分离，然后将分离结果进行过滤、沉淀或浮选。将0.5克碳酸钙放入污水（体积=0.5毫升）中，通入大量碳酸，观察泡沫形成的厚层和硫酸盐沉淀(生产过程中使用的)。当混合物加热，上述过程会加速，这充分说明中和物可以未经冷却立即加到污水中；这有利于清洁水的合理使用。由于上述的过程中PH值达到5.1，所以将1.5克碳酸钙加到50毫升水中。Ontheexaminationstageofwastewaterpurificationfromorganicfractionwehaveproposedtheusageofoxidants,specificallyhydrogenperoxideH2O2,oxygenO2,ozoneO3,andsodiumhypochloritewhichisamulti-tonnageproductionwaste.Thesubjectexperimentalinvestigationsaimtodeterminethequantitiesofoxidantexpenditurewhicharesufficientforcompletecleaningofwastewatersfromorganicpollutersontheonehandandtopreventover-expenditureofoxidants,ontheotherhand.Inordertoachievethisaim,aseriesofstudieswasconducted,thetargetofwhichwaspurificationofwastewaterswithdifferentamountsofoxidantsinjectedintothem.Thecriteriaofpurificationeffectivenessaretheactualwaterqualityindicators.在研究有机污水净化阶段中，我们提出了使用氧化剂，特别是过氧化氢H2O2、氧气O2、臭氧O3和大量产品废物次氯酸钠。实验研究的主要目的是确定氧化剂的数量，一方面保证氧化剂能清洁水中有机污染物，另一方面预防氧化剂过量。为了实现这一目标，我们进行了一系列的研究，将不同的氧化剂加入到污水中。实际水质指标就是净化效果。Theconductedstudieshaveshownthatamongalltheoxidantswhichwereused,themosteffectiveoneissodiumhypochlorite.Therefore,thebasisoftheproposedmethodforpurificationofwastewaterswasapreliminaryseparationofclarifiedandneutralizedwastewaterbydintofcalciumcarbonate,subsequentlysodiumhypochloriteforwaterclarificationanditsadditionalneutralizationwasused.Thisisthemostsimpleandtechnologicallyfeasiblemethod.Ithasseveraladvantages,specifically:进行的研究表明，在所有的氧化剂的使用中最有效的一种是次氯酸钠。因此,该方法的基础上,对污水的净化就是初步用碳酸钙分离和沉淀，随后\n用次氯酸钠净化及其中和的过程。这是最简单可行的方法。具有很多特别的优点：—itcaneasilybeconductedanditsreactantsupplyisnotexpensive;—thereactant(sodiumhypochlorite)isavailableinKalushtownwhereitisproducedasabyproductoftheproductionprocess;—thereactantexpenditureisnotsubstantial;quantitiesofformedwastesarenotlarge(onlyoxidised,disinfectedorganicpollutersareproduced);—itcanbeusedafterenhancementofexistingpurificationfacilities;—wastescanbeusedasaneffectiveorganicandmineralfertiliser.-它可以很容易的进行而且反应物便宜；-反应物(次氯酸钠)是可在卡卢什小镇作为生产过程中产生的副产品；-反应物开支不大；加工废物的数量也不大（只有氧化废物、已消毒的有机污染物产生）；-可以用来在提高现有净化设备；-垃圾可以作为一种有效的有机、矿物肥料。Experimentswereconductedusingsamplesofwastewater,theaimofwhichwasitspurificationfromorganicsubstanceswiththeusageofactivechlorinewhichwasinjectedaspartofsodiumhypochlorite.Totheinitialwastewater(V=100ml)possessingPHvalueof2.3,sodiumhypochloritehadbeenbeingaddeduntilthecolouringchangedfromdark-browntostramineous,necessaryquantityV(NaClO)=9.2mlwithconcentrationС(NaClO)=10%(vol.).Also,itisobservedthatflakesareformedasaresultoftheprocesstakingplaceonthesurfaceofthemix.Theseflakessubsequentlydeposittothebottom.Whensodiumhypochloriteisaddedtothewaterwhichwaspre-neutralisedusingcalciumcarbonate,thepHreachesthenecessaryneutralvalue.实验研究了污水样品，目的是用含有一部分次氯酸钠的次氯酸把有机物中提纯。最初的污水（V=100毫升），PH值为2.3，添加次氯酸钠直到颜色从麦秆色到深棕色，需要次氯酸钠的体积9.2ml，次氯酸钠的浓度=10%（体积分数）。同时，观察混合表面产生的鳞片。鳞片随后沉到底部。当次添加氯酸钠到预先用碳酸钙中和的水中，PH到达所需要的中性值。UponhavingconductedtheneutralisationanduponhavingachievedthenecessarypHofwastewater,aswellasuponhavingconducteditsclarificationasperabovementioneddescription,weproceededtothenextstep:separationoftheformeddepositionwithfurtheridentificationofsubstances,specificallyphospholipidswhicharepartofthefats’compositionandwhichmighteithersubsideintodepositsorremainintheclarifiedwaterlayer.Thesubjectdetectionofphospholipidsinthedepositionwasmadeusingachromatographicanalysismethod.Thefiltereddepositionreceivedasaresultoftheabovementionedwasdissolvedin2mlofethylalcoholandapplied(qty=50mcL)ontotheplateinrightlowerangle;thenair-driesandinsertedintothechromatographicchamber.中和后到达所需要的中性值的水，按上述澄清，继续下一步：分离形成的沉积物质，特别是沉淀或仍残留在上层水中的磷脂。观察磷脂沉淀主要是用的色谱分析方法。将收集到的沉淀溶解到2毫升酒精中，涂抹（数量=50mcl）在感光片右下角；然后风干、插入到色谱仪内。Therefore,uponcompletionofpurificationusingsodiumhypochloriteanduponhavingconductedachromatographicanalysisofphospholipidsinthereceiveddeposition,aconclusioncouldbemadethatfatcontentofthedepositionissimilartothefatcontentofoutputwastewater.Thisconfirmstheefficiencyoftheproposedtechnology\nforremovaloforganicpolluters.因此,在利用次氯酸钠净化和在得到沉淀中磷脂进行色谱分析的基础上，得出结论，沉淀中的脂肪含量几乎等于污水中的脂肪含量。这证实了该技术的有效性除去有机污染物。ConclusionsWecanseethat,asofthepresentday,theexistingtechnologiesforwastewaterpurificationenableustoremoveanypolluteroutofthem.However,therebyitisalsocruciallyimportanttoconsiderthecostofsuchpurification,especiallytakingintoaccountthepresentconditionofnationaleconomy.Thatiswhywehavechosenthesubjectpurificationmethodnotonlywithregardtotheefficiencyofwastewaterpurificationwithwhichitischaracterisedbutalsowithregardtoitscheapness.Ifweanalysethedatareceivedasaresultoftheexperiment,wecanseethatpollutersaremostlyconcentratedinthedepositwhichwasreceivedasaresultofwaterneutralisationandwaterclarification.ThisdepositioncansubsequentlyberecycledandusedasanorganicandmineralfertilisercontainingN,P,K,andNa.Theclarifiedwaterthengoestothenextstageofadditionalpurification.Thedetailsstatedabovetestifytothefactthatthepresentedmethodallowsreachingahighdegreeofwastewaterpurification,beingeffectiveandlow-cost.结论我们可以看出，现在的污水净化技术能使我们去除其中任何的污染物。然而，绝对重要的是这样净化的成本，特别是考虑到国民经济的现状。这就是为什么我们选择物质净化方法不仅要考虑污水净化效率,还要考虑它的价格。如果我们分析得到的实验数据，我们可以看到污染物大多集中在中和、净化所产生的沉淀物中。这些沉淀物随后作为富含氮、磷、钾、纳的有机矿物肥料被循环利用。澄清的水接着进行下一个阶段的净化。上述事实证明提出的方法可以实现污水高度净化，具有高效、低成本的特征。