含高浓度无机盐肝素钠废水处理 4页

环境科学与技术第27卷第2期2004年3月含高浓度无机盐的肝素钠废水的处理12施阳,洪育才(1.深圳市福田区环境技术研究所,深圳518036;2.深圳市福田区科技局,深圳518048)摘要:采用培养和驯化耐高浓度无机盐的厌氧和好氧微生物对NaCl和Na2SO4含量总和在3%左右的肝素钠废水直接进行生化处理,废水中的COD、BOD5、SS等污染因子去除率达90%以上。成功地解决了在高浓度无机盐存在下无法直接采用生化法处理高浓度有机废水的重大难题,并在实际工程中应用。关键词:无机盐;肝素钠废水;双筒式厌氧反应器中图分类号:X703文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-6504(2004)02-0078-02深圳市某生物技术有限公司生产肝素钠药品时,需要加入大量NaCl等化学药剂,经过酶解、沉淀、过滤、洗涤等生产工序而排放的废水,废水中含有大量的酸、碱、蛋白质(可溶性和不溶性)、酒精、丙酮等有机物和NaCl、Na2SO4。其水质见表1。表1原水水质状况CODBOD5SS色度NaClNa2SO4名称pH(mg/L)(mg/L)(mg/L)(倍)(mg/L)(mg/L)20000~10000~200~18000~4000~释后定量排入处理系统,然后逐渐增加进水浓度和流含量>1006~93050015000500260006000量直至原水直接排入处理设施。含高浓度无机盐的有机废水在生化处理中是一个2结果与讨论很大难题。当废水中的NaCl超过4000mg/L,Na2SO4在系统调试过程中,我们分析各处理单元的进水含量超过2500mg/L,将对活性污泥有较强的抑制作和出水的COD,作为污染物的降解表征。[1-2]用。因此在国内处理这种废水一般是采用水稀2.1絮凝气浮处理COD的去除率释或脱盐的方法将废水中的NaCl和Na2SO4含量降低气浮用的絮凝剂为聚合硫酸铝铁,主要去除废水到4000mg/L和2500mg/L以内,再采用生物法处理;中不溶性的蛋白质,用量为0.15%(体积比)气浮的压也可采用凝聚沉淀化学氧化的工艺和浓缩)焚烧的工缩空气压力为0.3~0.4MPa,水量控制在5~6m3/h。[3]艺处理这类废水,并能达标排放。其处理效果见表2。上述工艺不仅一次性投资大,而且运行费用高,处表2气浮处理COD的去除率理1t废水最少为80元,最高150元,厂家难以接受。项目COD(mg/L)为此我们采用循序渐进法培养和驯化耐盐性的菌种,进水30326108809112040148791733321336240902687730500出水181937564758680385851081612887137071588417629直接对该废水进行生化处理,并为深圳市某生物技术去除率40.038.541.243.542.337.639.643.140.942.23(%)有限公司建设了日处理能力20m的工程,现运行正2.2UASB厌氧处理COD的去除率常,取得了满意的效果。经过絮凝气浮处理的废水进入调节池,然后用泵1工艺部分3打入UASB厌氧池,流量控制在1.5m/h左右,厌氧31.1工艺流程池有效容积为45m,池中装有双筒式厌氧反应器,接见图1。种某海滨底泥。其COD的去除率见表3。1.2调试过程表3厌氧处理COD的去除率项目COD(mg/L)1.2.1取有生活污水排入的某海滨底泥为菌种,植入进水181937564758680385851081612887137071588417629UASB厌氧池和接触氧化池,并投入营养物质。出水22636450051044684490293113981252去除率1.2.2采用循序渐进的进水方式,即先将原水定量稀(%)87.690.389.592.594.892.293.095.491.292.9作者简介:施阳(1972)),男,硕士研究生,从事环境工程治理与技术研双筒式厌氧反应器是一种独特的固气液三相分离[4]究。器,反应器为圆筒形,中间设一个同心圆筒。外圆#78#\n含高浓度无机盐的肝素钠废水的处理施阳,等筒与中心圆筒底部均为带有一定角度的倒锥体。整个表5验收监测结果反应器内分为污泥区、第一分离区、第二分离区、静水CODSS色度流量时间项目pH3(mg/L)(mg/L)(倍)(m/h)区、集气区,废水从底部进入污泥区和悬浮污泥床,有4机物得以降解。在第一分离区产生泥、水、气的分离。2001年原水8.022.0@102681001310月25日出水7.70415413废水在第二分离区发生泥水的进一步分离。该反应器出水7.76434813能维持反应器内的高生物浓度,有利于耐盐性生物菌出水7.72434413种的培养和驯化,大大提高了处理负荷。COD去除率出水7.73505413高达90%以上。32001年原水6.954.04@10190133132.3接触氧化处理COD的去除率11月7日出水7.814388133接触氧化池分为两级,每级有效容积为22.5m,出水7.72435413池中装有半软性填料,采用曝气泵射流曝气,接种某海出水7.80415413出水7.85417213滨底泥。接触氧化池中COD的去除率见表4。表4接触氧化处理COD的去除率性的生物菌种,成功地用于生化法处理肝素钠废水,可项目COD(mg/L)达到国家排放标准(GB8978-1996)中城镇二级污水处进水22636450051044684490293113981252理厂中的一级标准。出水3241576354769389131108去除率85.888.788.687.687.991.089.790.490.691.4(2)双筒式厌氧反应器的应用大大提高了厌氧工(%)艺的处理负荷。采用射流曝气方式,两段生物接触氧化池对COD(3)同类型的含高浓度无机盐的高浓度有机废水去除率在90%左右。可采用该方法直接进行生化处理。2.4无机盐的处置3(4)本工艺废水处理费用低于20元/m,与物理厌氧池和好氧池中生物菌种的新陈代谢对无机盐)化学氧化法、浓缩)焚烧法、稀释法等方法相比,其的消化作用以及污泥的吸附作用将降低废水中无机盐处理费用仅为这些方法的1/8~1/10左右,有较好的的浓度,部分无机盐随剩余污泥排入污泥浓缩池,并经环境、经济和社会效益,颇受厂家的欢迎。压滤后运至垃圾填埋场。部分无机盐随出水排入市政[参考文献]管网,经深圳市蛇口某污水处理厂一级处理后深海排[1]周晓检.厌氧发酵处理处理味精废水中氯离子的影响放。[J].水处理技术,1992,18(1):58-67.2.5废水处理后达到国家排放标准[2]杨键.废水中高浓度钠盐对活性污泥法系统的影响[J].该工程通过半年的调试运转,经深圳市环境保护污染防治技术,1998,11(4):199-203.监测站验收监测,监测数据见表5。[3]王凯军,秦人伟.发酵工业废水处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001.3结论[4]洪育才.双筒式厌氧反应器专利技术[P].中国:ZL94216197.1,1994-06-16.(1)通过循序渐进的进水方式,培养和驯化出耐盐(收稿2003-02-07;修回2003-04-10)(上接第49页)全,行政管理措施不断完善,科学技术不断进步,公众室内环境质量的便携式自动监测的研究,不断降低室环保意识不断加强的基础上,是有可能妥善解决室内内环境质量监测的成本。装修的环境污染。[参考文献]3小结[1]李中秋,王云.室内空气污染及防治对策[J].城市生态与室内装修的环境污染是在城镇居民生活水平不断城市环境,2002,15(3):45-46.[2]胡恭任,于瑞莲.居室中的杀手)氡[J].环境导报,2001提高的情况下出现的新的环境问题,目前其已经严重(6):43-44.影响了人们的生活质量,危害了人群的健康,防治室内[3]杨士建.建筑业的环境污染与防治对策[J].环境科学与装修的环境污染必将成为我国今后环境保护工作的一技术,2003(6):35-36.项重要内容,有必要将其列为/十五0期间国家环境科(收稿2003-01-06;修回2003-03-17)技重点攻关项目。通过努力,在环保法律法规不断健#79#\nEnvironmentalScienceandTechnologyAbstractVol.27,No.2,March2004DegradationofWastewaterContainingAnilineLIUHong,ZHOUZh-ihui,WUKe-mingandNitrobenzeneUsingAdsorption-bicatalysis-(DepartmentofEnvironmentalEngineering,WuhanUniversityhydrogenPeroxideofScienceandTechnology,Wuhan430081)Abstract:FentonreagentandacoagulantPASS(polymericalu-GENGChun-xiang,ZHANGXiu-xiaminumsilicatesulfate)werebothsel-fpreparedinlaboratoryand(CollegeofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,usedtotreatcokeplantwastewaterinabench-scaleexperiment.UniversityofPetroleum,Dongying257061)2+TheresultsshowedanexcellentreductionofCOD:from1173mg/Abstract:ThisstudyfocusedontheactionofFe/UV/H2O2inLto38.2mg/L.ItwasalsofoundthespecificityofFentondegradationofanilineandnitrobenzene.WastewatercontainingreagenttoadjustpHvaluesofwastewatertoarangeof2.5-3.anilineandnitrobenzeneflowedthrougharesin(H-103)columnKeywords:Fentonreagent;chemicaloxidation;flocculation/sed-iforprimarytreatmentbyadsorption.Theexperimentalinvestiga-mentation;cokeplanteffluenttionshowedaremarkabledecompositionofanilineandnitrobenzenewithremovalsof99.7%and95.3%respectively.Keywords:adsorption;UV-bicatalysis;anilineandnitrobenzene;ANewMethodforTreatingWastewaterdegradationofVermicelliProductionUsingBeanAmylumasRawMaterials121FerrateasaCoagulantforRemovingDisinfectionSUHong,ZHANGXiao-jie,WANGDe-yi,11ByproductsandTheirPrecursorsinPotableWaterLIGang,ZHAOMing11(1.CollegeofEnvironmentalandMaterialsEngineering,LIANGHao,WEIChao-hai,SHENGXuan-jun2,LIANGYun-lian2YantaiUniversity,Yantai264005;(1.InstituteofEnvironmentalScience,SouthChinaUniversity2.CollegeofChemistryandBiologyScience,ofTechnology,Guangzhou510641;YantaiUniversity,Yantai264005)2.InstituteofWaterPurificationofLogisticDepartment,Abstract:ThispaperintroducesanewactivatedsludgeprocessGuangzhouMilitaryZone,Guangzhou510500)pressurizedSBR.Thepilot-scaleexperimentisconductedundertheAbstract:Ferrateisusedasacoagulantforremovingbyproductsconditionofpressure0.2Mpa,influentCODrange3000-andtheirprecursorsinpotablewater,whichhavebeengenerated3500mg/L,HRT6-8hr.ItisconcludedthatCODleveloflowerduringthedisinfectionprocessusingchlorine.Theexperimentalthan100mg/Lineffluentcanbeassuredincompliancewiththestudyisconductedbasedonjartestswiththemeasurementsofnationalemissionstandard.TOC,THMsandTHMsFP.FerrateisaddedfollowedbydosingKeywords:beanamylum;vermicelli;wastewatertreatmentPACandremovalofTOCiscomparedwiththatofusingsinglePAC,indicatingtheefficacyofferrateforremovalsofTOCandFeasibilityStudyforaSewageTreatmentandothers.Thestudyshowsferrateinlieuofpre-chlorinationtoen-ReclamationFacilityinNorthwesternRegionhancecoagulationisanidealalternativefortreatmentofrawwaterYULing-hong1,ZHAOQian-zhu2,CHENYan-feng2containinghighconcentrationofalgae.(1.CollegeofEnergy/EnvironmentalEngineering,Keywords:enhancedcoagulation;ferrate;pre-chlorination;disin-BaotouInstituteofIronandSteelTechnology,Baotou014000;fectionbyproducts;precursor2.BaotouDesignandResearchInstituteofIronandSteelEngineering,Baotou014000)TreatmentofWastewaterContainingAbstract:ThisstudyisconductedforaprojectofbuildingasewageAcid-redDyebyFlyAshandFentontreatmentplantandreclaimingtheeffluentinanorthwesterncoun-ZHOUShan,DUDong-yuntyinChina,wherebothwaterresourcescarcityandwaterpollution(DepartmentofChemistry,HubeiTeachersCollege,exist.Thefeasibilityandnecessityfortheprojectarealsodis-Huangshi435000)cussed.Abstract:Flyashfromacoa-lfiredpowerplantwasappliedwithKeywords:environmentalpollution;biologicaltreatment;sewageFentonmethod,i.e.H2O2+FeSO4,fortreatingdyeingwastewa-reclamationtercontainingacid-reddyeinalaboratorybench-scale.Theexper-imentalresultsshowedaremovalofmorethan97%forCODcrandTreatmentofHeparinSodiumWastewaterContainedthedecolorizationabove99%.HighConcentratedInorganicSaltsKeywords:acidred;coagulation;flyash;Fenton12SHIYang,HONGYu-cai(1.FutianDistrictInstituteofEnvironmentTechnology,ExperimentalStudyofFentonPlusCoagulationShenzhen518036;forTreatingCokeEffluent2.FutianDistrictScienceBureau,Shenzhen518048)Õ\nEnvironmentalScienceandTechnologyAbstractVol.27,No.2,March2004Abstract:AnaerobicandaerobicmicroorganismwasculturedtoKeywords:refinerywastewater;two-stageBAFprocess;nitrify-biochemicaltreatheparinsodiumwastewaterthatcontained3%ingreactionNaClandNa2SO4,withremovalefficiencyover90%forCOD,BOD5andSS.TreatmentofPlasticizerWastewaterKeywords:inorganicsalts;heparinsodiumwastewater;anaerobicbyBiofilmOxidationreactorDENGChu-zhou,NINGBin,JIANGQiong,WUZhongCyclePeriodofMotherLiquorfromIndustrial(JingzhouMunicipalEnvironmentScienceInstitute,AmmoniumChlorideandItsPollutionControlJingzhou434000)XIEXue-yuanAbstract:Anaerobicbiofilmoxidationmethodwasintroducedto(YingchengMunicipalEnvironmentProtectionBureau,treathighconcentratedorganicwastewaterofplasticizer.ResultsYingcheng432400)showedthatmaximumremovalrateofCODwasupto99.96%Abstract:Underpresentprocesscondition,thereuseofmotherwheninletCODandsulphateconcentrationwas5520.0~57600.liquorfromindustrialammoniumchloridehasalimitationthatde-0mg/Land3255.0mg/Lrespectively.terminedthecycleperiodofthereuseofmotherliquor.FortheKeywords:plasticizerwastewater;treatmentandresearch;convenienceofpollutioncontrol,amodelofcycleperiodisputfor-biofilmoxidationwardinthispaper.Keywords:cycleperiod;pollutioncontrol;motherliquor;ammo-VOCsPollutioninIndoorAirandItsControlniumchlorideWENYuan-gao1,2,LIANZh-iwei1(1.InstituteofRefrigerationandCryogenics,DesignandOperationofWastewaterTreatmentJiaotongUniversity,Shanghai200030;forLarge-scaleWhiteSpiritIndustry2.WuhanUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Wuhan430070)123Abstract:TheoriginationofindoorvolatileorganiccompoundswasMIAOLi,WUShao-jie,KOULiu-xiu(1.ShangqiuMunicipalEnvironmentProtectionCompany,analyzed,anditsharmandcontrolmeasuresweredescribedasShangqiu476000;well.2.PingdingshanEngineeringCollege,Pingdingshan467001;Keywords:volatileorganiccompounds;indoorair;pollutioncon-3.CollegeofForestryandHorticulture,HenantrolAgricultureUniversity,Zhengzhou450002)Abstract:Traditionalbio-oxidationmethodwasusedtotreatApplicationofSurfactantsinWaterTreatmentwastewaterforlarge-scalespiritindustry.AndresultsshowedthatZHENXiang-huaSS,CODandBOD5ineffluentwas28mg/L,55.0mg/Land23.(SchoolofCivilEngineeringandArchitecture,5mg/LrespectivelyattheconditionofinletSS,CODandBOD5upWuhanUniversityofTechnology,Wuhan430070)to762mg/L,791.0mg/Land350.8mg/L,whichcanmeettheAbstract:Surfactantswasfoundagreatdealofapplicationsincriteria.wastewatertreatment,suchasoilspillcontrolorasflocculants.InKeywords:whitespirit;wastewatertreatment;bio-oxidation;thispaper,somenewtechnologiessuchasmiscellar-enhancedu-lprojectdesigntrafiltration(MEUF)andliquidmembraneseparationcoupledwithuseofsurfactantsarereviewed.StudyonRefineryWastewaterTreatmentKeywords:surfactant;flocculant;miscellar-enhancedultrafiltra-byTwo-stageBAFProcesstion;liquidmembrane11ZHONGHua-wen,LIAOYan,22ZHANGJun-zheng,HEDong-sheng(1.DepartmentofEnvironmentEngineering,RecentProgressinTechnologyofMaomingCollege,Maoming525000;PhotocatalyticOxidizationbyNano-sizedTiO22.MaomingPetrochemicalCompany,Maoming525000)Abstract:Two-stageBAFprocesswasusedtoimprovebiochemicalDuFe-ipeng1,YUYing2,ZENGYan1treatmentefficiencyofrefinerywastewater.Resultsshowedthat(1.SchoolofChemistry,HuazhongNormalUniversity,theeffluentoil,phenol,NH3-NcanmeetsurfacewatercriteriaofWuhan430079;classVandCODuptonationalcriteriaunderhydraulicretention2.ResearchCenterofNano-Materials,Huazhongtimeof4.5h.RelativeparametersandoperationconditionswereNormalUniversity,Wuhan430079)proposedthroughlongtimecontinuousrunning.Ö