SH3501-2002 石油化工有毒可燃介质管道工程施工与验收规范双语版 64页

---备案号：J249－2003SH中华人民共和国石油化工行业标准StandardforPetrochemicalIndustryofPRCSH3501－2002代替SH3501－2001SH3501-2002AsubstituteversionofSH3501-2001石油化工有毒、可燃介质管道工程施工及验收规范SpecificationforconstructionandacceptanceofhypertoxicandcombustiblemediumpipingengineeringinpetrochemicalindustryChineselanguageisthe"original"languageandifinconsistenciesexistbetweenEnglishandChineseversions,theChineseversiontakesprecedenceandtheChineseversionisthelegallybindingversion.原本以中文书就，如果英文和中文版本之间存在不一致，以中文版本为准，中文版本具有法律约束力。2003－02－09发布　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2003－05－01实施国家经济贸易委员会　　发布IssuedonFeb.9,2003ImplementedonMay1,2003---\n---IssuedbyStateEconomy&TradeCommission---\n---目　　　　次ListofContents前言……………………………………………………………………………………………Foreword1范围……………………………………………………………………………………Scope2规范性引用文件………………………………………………………………………Normativedocumentsquoted3总则……………………………………………………………………………………General4管道分级………………………………………………………………………………Pipelinegrading5管道组成件检验………………………………………………………………………Inspectionofconstituentelementsofpipeline5.1一般规定………………………………………………………………………………Generalspecifications5.2管子检验………………………………………………………………………………Inspectionofpipe5.3阀门检验………………………………………………………………………………Inspectionofvalve5.4其他管道组成件检验…………………………………………………………………Inspectionofconstituentelementsofotherpipes6管道预制及安装………………………………………………………………………Prefabricationandinstallationofpipeline6.1管道预制………………………………………………………………………………Prefabricationofpipeline6.2管道安装………………………………………………………………………………Installationofpipeline7管道焊接………………………………………………………………………………Weldingofpipeline7.1一般规定………………………………………………………………………………Generalspecifications7.2焊前准备与接头组对…………………………………………………………………Preparationandassemblyofjoints7.3焊接工艺要求…………………………………………………………………………Requirementforweldingprocedure---\n---7.4预热与热处理…………………………………………………………………………Preheatingandheattreatment7.5质量检验………………………………………………………………………………Qualityinspection8管道系统试验…………………………………………………………………………Testforpipingsystem8.1管道系统压力试验……………………………………………………………………Pressuretestforpipingsystem8.2管道系统吹扫…………………………………………………………………………Sweepingforpipingsystem8.3气体泄漏性试验及真空度试验………………………………………………………Gasleakagetestandtestofvacuumdegree9交工文件………………………………………………………………………………Handoverdocument附录A（资料性附录）常用有毒介质、可燃介质………………………………………AppendixA(DataAppendix)CommonHypertoxicandCombustibleMedium附录B（资料性附录）焊接接头坡口形式及组对要求……………………………………AppendixB(DataAppendix)TypeofGrooveofWeldJointandRequirementsforAssembly附：条文说明…………………………………………………………………………………ExplanationtoClauses---\n---前　　言Foreword本规范是根据国经贸厅行业[2002]36号文的通知，由中国石化集团第五建设公司对《石油化工剧毒、可燃介质管道工程施工及验收规范》SH3501－2001进行修订而成。TheSpecificationistherevisionofSpecificationforConstructionandAcceptanceofHypertoxicandCombustibleMediumPipingEngineeringinPetrochemicalIndustrySH3501-2001revisedbyTheFifthConstructionCompanyoftheChinaPetrochemicalCorporationaccordingtoFile[2002]36issuedbyStateEconomy&TradeCommission.本规范共分9章和2个资料性附录。本规范与SH3501－2001《石油化工剧毒、可燃介质管道工程施工及验收规范》相比，主要变化如下：TheSpecificationcontains9chaptersand2dataappendixes.ThemainchangesoftheSpecificationcomparingwithoriginalSH3501-2001SpecificationforConstructionandAcceptanceofHypertoxicandCombustibleMediumPipingEngineeringinPetrochemicalIndustryare:－适用范围扩大至毒性程度为中度危害和轻度危害介质；－调整了管道分级规定，与SH3509－2001《石油化工管道设计器材选用通则》协调一致；－将有关内容与GB50235－97《工业金属管道工程施工及验收规范》进行了协调；－修改了原规范中管道组成件检验、试验的有关规定；－完善了焊接接头检验方面的有关规定。----Scopeofapplicationisenlarged.Toxiclevelincludesmoderatehazardandnegligiblehazard.----SpecificationforpipelinegradingisregulatedtocomplywithGeneralRuleforPipelineDesignandSelectioninPetrochemicalIndustry.----Specificationforinspectionandtestofconstituentelementsofpipelineismodified.----Perfectspecificationforinspectionofweldjoint.本规范以黑体字标志的条文为强制性条文，必要严格执行。BoldfacesintheSpecificationaremandatoryclausesandmustbestrictlyimplemented.本规范由中国石化集团施工规范管理站淄博分站管理，由中国石化集团第五建设公司负责解释。TheSpecificationismanagedbyZiboBranchofConstructionSpecificationManagementStationofChinaPetrochemicalCorporation,andinterpretedbyTheFifthConstructionCompanyoftheChinaPetrochemicalCorporation.本规范在实施过程中，如发现需要修改补充之处，请将意见和有关资料提供给我们，以便今后修订时参考。IncaseanyrepairandsupplementarefoundnecessaryduringimplementationoftheSpecification,pleasesendthesuggestiontogetherwithrelevantinformationtousforreferenceduringfutureupdate.---\n---管理单位：中国石化集团公司施工规范管理站淄博分站Managementunit:ZiboBranchofConstructionSpecificationManagementStationofChinaPetrochemicalCorporation通讯地址：山东省淄博市132号信箱Address:MailboxNo.132,ZiboCity,ShandongProvince.邮政编码：255438Postcode:255438　　主编单位：中国石化集团第五建设公司Chiefeditor:ChinaPetrochemicalCorporation通讯地址：甘肃省兰州市西固区康乐路35号Address:No.35,KangleRd.,XiguDistrict,LanzhouCity,GansuProvince邮政编码：730060　Postcode:730060主要起草人：姚代贵　张西庚　汪庆华　单承家Maindrafters：YaoDaigui,ZhangXigeng,WangQinghua,ShanChengjia本规范1985年发布，1997年第一次修订，2001年第二次修订，本次为第三次修订。Thespecificationwasissuedin1985,revisedin1997forthefirsttime,revisedin2001forthesecondtime,andthisisthethirdrevision.---\n---石油化工有毒、可燃介质管道工程施工及验收规范SpecificationforConstructionandAcceptanceofHypertoxicandCombustibleMediumPipingEngineeringinPetrochemicalIndustry1　范围　Scope本规范规定了石油化工有毒（毒性程度为极度危害、高度危害、中度危害和轻度危害）、可燃介质管道工程的施工和检验要求。TheSpecificationspecifiesrequirementsforconstructionandinspectionofhypertoxic(toxiclevelsareutmosthazard,highhazard,moderatehazardandnegligiblehazard)andcombustiblemediumpipingengineering.本规范适用于设计压力400Pa[绝压]~42MPa[表压]，设计温度－196℃~850℃的有毒、可燃介质钢制管道工程的施工及验收。TheSpecificationisapplicableforconstructionandacceptanceofhypertoxicandcombustiblemediumsteelpipingengineeringwithdesignpressureof400Pa[absolutepressure]~42MPa[gagepressure]anddesigntemperatureof-196℃~850℃.本范围不适用于长输管道及城镇公用燃气管道的施工及验收。TheSpecificationisnotapplicableforconstructionandacceptanceoflong-distancepipelineandgaspipeline.2　规范性引用文件Normativedocumentsquoted下列文件中的条款通过本规范的引用而成为本规范的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单（不包括堪误的内容）或修订版均不适用于本规范，然而，鼓励根据本规范达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版适用于本规范。ProvisionsinfollowingdocumentsarequotedasprovisionsoftheSpecification.Modification(excludingcorrigendum)orrevisionofdateddocumentisnotapplicablefortheSpecification.ItissuggestedthatallpartieswhoreachanagreementbasedupontheSpecificationcanstudywhetherthelatestrevisionofthedateddocumentcanbeused.LatestrevisionofundateddocumentisapplicablefortheSpecification.GB4159金属低温夏比冲击试验方法TestMethodsforLowTemperatureVariationRatioImpactofMetalGB/T4334.1~6不锈钢耐腐蚀试验方法TestMethodforAnticorrosionofStainlessSteelGB5777无缝钢管超声波探伤方法MethodsforSupersonicInspectionofSeamlessSteelPipeJB4730压力容器无损检测NondestructiveTestofPressureContainer---\n---SH3503-2001石油化工工程建设交工技术文件规定SpecificationsforTechnicalDocumentofHandoverofPetrochemicalEngineeringConstructionSH3059-2001石油化工管道设计器材选用通则GeneralRuleforPipelineDesignandSelectioninPetrochemicalIndustrySH3064石油化工钢制通用阀门选用、检验及验收Selection,InspectionandAcceptanceofCommonSteelValveinPetrochemicalIndustrySH3505石油化工施工安全技术规程SpecificationsforSafetyTechnologyofConstructioninPetrochemicalIndustrySH3521石油化工仪表工程施工技术规程TechnicalSpecificationsforConstructionofMeterWorksinPetrochemicalIndustrySH3526石油化工异种钢焊接规程SpecificationsforWeldingofSpecialSteelinPetrochemicalIndustry国质检锅[2002]109号GZJG[2002]No.109锅炉压力容器压力管道焊工考试与管理规则RulesforExaminationandManagementofWelderforWeldingofPressureContainerandPipeofBoiler劳部发[1993]441号LBF[1993]No.441锅炉压力容器无损检测人员资格考核规则RulesforQualificationTestofOperatorforNondestructiveTestofPressureContainerofBoiler3　总则General3.1有毒、可燃介质管道施工应按设计文件规定进行，修改设计或材料代用，应经设计单位批准。3.1Constructionofhypertoxicandcombustiblemediumpipingshallbecarriedoutasperspecificationsindesigndocument.Modificationofdesignorreplacementofmaterialshallbeapprovedbythedesignunit.3.2　管道施工的安全技术和劳动保护，应按SH3505的规定执行。在已投入生产的区域内施工时，应按生产区域的特点制定施工安全技术措施。3.2SafetytechniqueandlaborprotectionforpipinginstallationshallbeimplementedaccordingtoSH3505.Ifconstructioniscarriedoutinproducingarea,measuresforsafetytechniqueofconstructionshallbeformulatedaccordingtocharacteristicsoftheproducingarea.3.3　承担有毒、可燃介质管道施工的单位，必须持有质量技术监督行政部门颁发的相应的压力管道安装许可证。3.3UnitundertakingconstructionofhypertoxicandcombustiblemediumpipingmusthavecorrespondingcertificateofpressurepipinginstallationissuedbyExecutiveofQuality&TechnologySupervision.---\n---3.4　从事有毒、可燃介质管道施工的焊工应按《锅炉压力容器压力管道焊工考试与管理规则》进行考试，取得合格证书。无损检测人员应按《锅炉压力容器无损检测人员资格考核规则》进行考核，取得相应的资格证书。3.4WelderengagedinhypertoxicandcombustiblemediumpipinginstallationshalltakeanexaminationforRulesforExaminationandManagementofWelderforWeldingofPressurePipeofBoilerandgetthecertificateofqualification.NondestructivetestoperatorshalltakeanexaminationforRulesforQualificationTestofOperatorforNondestructiveTestofPressureContainerofBoilerandgetthecertificateofqualification.4　管道分级Pipelinegrading4.1　输送有毒、可燃介质管道的分级，应符合SH3059－2001的规定（见表1）。常见毒性介质、可燃介质参见附录A。4.1GradingofpipelineconveyinghypertoxicandcombustiblemediumshallmeetspecificationsinSH3059－2001(seetable1).PleaseseeAppendixAforcommonhypertoxicandcombustiblemedium.表1　管道分级　Table1PipelineGrading管道级别Pipelinegrading适用范围ScopeofapplicationSHA1毒性程度为极度危害介质管道（苯管道除外）2毒性程度为高度危害介质的丙烯腈、光气、二硫化碳和氟化氢介质管道3设计压力大于或等于10.0MPa输送有毒、可燃介质管道1.Utmosthazardpipeline(exceptbenzenepipeline)2.Acrylon,carbonylchloride,carbondisulfideandhydrogenfluoridemediumpipelinewhosetoxiclevelishighhazard3.Pipelineconveyinghypertoxicandcombustiblemediumwithdesignpressure≥10.0MPaSHB1毒性程度为极度危害介质的笨管道2毒性程度为高度危害介质管道（丙烯腈、光气、二硫化碳和氟化氢管道除外）3甲类、乙类可燃气体和甲A类液化烃、甲B类、乙A类可燃液体介质管道1.Utmosthazardbenzenepipeline2.Highhazardmediumpipeline(exceptAcrylon,carbonylchloride,carbondisulfideandhydrogenfluoridepipeline)3.CategoryAandBcombustiblegasandCategoryABandBAcombustibleliquidmediumpipelineSHC1毒性程度为中度、轻度危害介质管道2乙B类、丙类可燃液体介质管道1.Moderateandnegligiblehazardmediumpipeline2.CategoryBBandCcombustibleliquidmediumpipelineSHD设计温度低于-29℃的低温管道Pipelinewithdesigntemperaturelowerthan-29℃---\n---4.2输送同时具有毒性和可燃特性介质的管道，应按本规范中的高级别管道处理。4.2Pipelineconveyingbothhypertoxicandcombustiblemediumshallbetreatedashigh-levelpipelineintheSpecification.4.3输送混合介质的管道，应以主导介质作为管道分级的依据。4.3Pipelineconveyingmixedmediumshalltakedominantmediumasgradingreference.5管道组成件检验Inspectionofconstituentelementsofpipeline5.1　一般规定Generalspecifications5.1.1　有毒、可燃介质管道工程使用的管道组成件，应符合设计文件规定及本规范的有关要求。5.1.1ConstituentelementsofpipelineforHypertoxicandCombustibleMediumPipingEngineeringshallmeettherequirementsindesigndocumentandtheSpecification.5.1.2　管道组成件（管子、阀门、管件、法兰、补偿器、安全保护装置等）的制造单位，当所在地质量技术监督行政部门有规定时，应取得《压力管道元件制造单位安全注册证书》。5.1.2Manufacturerofconstituentelementsofpipeline(pipe,valve,pipefittings,flange,compensator,safetyprotectiondevice,etc.)shallhaveRegisteredCertificateofManufacturerforSafetyProductionofElementsofPressurePipeifitisrequiredbylocalexecutiveofquality&technologysupervision.5.1.3　管道组成件必须具有质量证明文件，无质量证明文件的产品不得使用。5.1.3Constituentelementsofpipelinemusthavecertificateofqualification.Producthavingnothecertificatecan’tbeadopted.产品在使用前，应对质量证明文件进行审查，并与实物核对。若到货的管道组成件实物标识不清或与质量证明文件不符或对产品质量证明文件中的特性数据或检验结果有异议，供货方应按相应标准作验证性检验或追溯到产品制造单位。异议未解决前，该批产品不得使用。Certificateofqualificationofproductsshallbecheckedbeforeuse.Ifmarksoftheconstituentelementsareunclear,ornotconformtocertificateofqualification,orthereisobjectionaboutperformancedataorinspectionresultincertificateofqualification,theSuppliershallcarryoutexperimentalverificationbaseduponrelatedstandardortrackbacktothemanufacture.Beforesettlementofobjection,theproductscan’tbeused.5.1.4　管道组成件在使用前应进行外观检查，其表面质量应符合相应产品标准的规定，不合格者不得使用。5.1.4Appearanceinspectionofconstituentelementsofpipelineshallbecarriedoutbeforeuse.Qualityoftheirsurfacesshallmeetthespecificationincorrespondingstandard.Unqualifiedproductcan’tbeused.5.1.5　合金钢管道组成件主体的关键合金成分，应根据本规范规定的比例采用光谱分析或其他方法进行半定量分析复查，并作好标识。5.1.5Certainproportion(specifiedintheSpecification)ofalloyedsteelpipeline’smainbody,alloyingcomponent,shallbecheckedwithspectralanalysismethodorothermethods.Marksshallbemade.---\n---5.1.6　设计文件有低温冲击值要求的材料，产品质量证明文件应有低温冲击韧性试验值，否则应按GB4159的规定进行补项试验。5.1.6Iftherearerequirementsforlowtemperatureimpactvalueofamaterialindesigndocument,certificateofqualificationofthematerialshallhavelowtemperatureimpacttoughnesstestvalue;otherwise,additionaltestshallbedoneaccordingtoGB4159.5.1.7　凡按规定作抽样检查或检验的样品中，若有一件不合格，必须按原规定数加倍抽检，若仍有不合格，则该批管道组成件不得使用，并应作好标识和隔离。5.1.7Ifoneofsamplesisunqualifiedduringsamplinginspection,certainamount(specifiedintheSpecification)ofproductsshallbeinspected.Iftherestillisunqualifiedproduct,thebatchofproductscan’tbeused.Andtheyshallbemarkedandseparatedwithotherproducts.5.1.8　管道组成件应分区存放，且不锈钢管道组成件不得与非合金钢、低合金钢接触。5.1.8Constituentelementsofpipelineshallbestackedbyareas.Constituentelementsofstainlesssteelpipelinecan’tcontactnon-alloyedsteelandlowalloysteel.5.2　管子检验Inspectionofpipe5.2.1　输送有毒、可燃介质的管子，使用前应按设计文件要求核对管子的规格、数量和标识。5.2.1Specification,quantityandmarkofpipeconveyinghypertoxicandcombustiblemediumshallbecheckedaccordingtothedesigndocument.5.2.2　管子的质量证明文件应包括以下内容：5.2.2CertificateofQualificationofpipeshallcontainfollowingcontents:　　a)产品标准号；　　a)Productstandardnumberofproduct;b)钢的牌号；　　b)Brandofsteel;c)炉罐号、批号、交货状态、重量和件数；　　c)Stovenumber,lotnumber,deliverystate,weightandnumberofpackages;d)品种名称、规格及质量等级；d)Name,specificationandqualitylevelofvariety;e)产品标准和订货合同中规定的各项检验结果；e)Resultsofallinspectionsspecifiedinproductstandardandcontract;f)制造厂检验印记。f)Inspectionstampofmanufacturer.5.2.3　若到货管子钢的牌号、炉罐号、批号、交货状态与质量证明文件不符，该批管子不得使用。5.2.3Ifbrand,stovenumber,lotnumberanddeliverystateofpipesteeldon’tconformtocertificateofqualification,thebatchofpipescan’tbeused.5.2.4　有耐晶间腐蚀要求的材料，产品质量证明文件应注明晶间腐蚀试验结果，否则应按GB/T4334.1~6中的有关规定，进行补项检验。5.2.4Ifthematerialisrequiredtoresistintercrystallinecorrosion,resultofintercrystallinecorrosiontest---\n---shallbewritteninthecertificateofqualification;otherwise,additionaltestshallbedoneaccordingtoGB/T4334.1~6.5.2.5　输送毒性程度为极度危害和高度危害介质管子的质量证明文件中应有超声波检测结果，否则应按GB5777的规定，逐根进行检验。5.2.5Ultrasonicdetectionresultforpipeconveyingutmosthazardorhighhazardmediumshallbewrittenincertificateofqualification;otherwise,eachpipeshallbedetectedaccordingtoGB5777.5.2.6　钢管的表面质量应符合下列规定：5.2.6Surfacequalityofsteelpipeshallmeetfollowingspecifications:a)钢管内、外表面不得有裂纹、折叠、发纹、扎折、离层、结疤等缺陷；a)Thereshallbenocrack,fold,hairlinecrack,wrinkle,separationlayerorscaboninnerorexteriorsurfaceofsteelpipe.　　b)钢管表面的锈蚀、凹陷、划痕及其他机械损伤的深度，不应超过相应产品标准允许的壁厚负偏差；　　b)Depthofrust,hollow,scratchandothermechanicaldamagescan’texceedthepermissiblevariationofwallthickness.c)钢管端部螺纹、坡口的加工精度及粗糙度应达到设计文件或制造标准的要求；　　c)Workingaccuracyandroughnessofthreadandgrooveatendofsteelpipeshallmeettherequirementsindesigndocumentofmanufacturestandard.d)有符合产品标准规定的标识。d)Havemarksmeetingstandard.5.2.7　SHA级管道中，设计压力等于或大于10MPa管子，外表面应按下列方法逐根进行无损检测，检测方法和缺陷评定应符合JB4730的规定，检验结果以I级为合格：5.2.7Nondestructivetestshallbedoneforsurfaceofeachpipewhosedesignpressure≧10MPaamongSHAlevelpipelines.TestmethodsandevaluationofdefectshallmeetspecificationsofJB4730.GradeⅠwillbequalified.a)外径大于12mm的导磁性钢管，应采用磁粉检测；　　a)Magnetic-particleinspectionshallbecarriedoutformagneticpermeablesteelpipewithexternaldiameterlargerthan12mm.b)非导磁性钢管，应采用渗透检测。b)Penetrationtestshallbedoneformagneticimpermeablesteelpipe.5.2.8　SHA级管道中，设计压力小于10MPa的输送极度危害介质（苯除外）的管子，每批（指同批号、同炉罐号、同材质、同规格）应抽5%且不少于一根，按本规范5.2.7条规定的方法和评定标准进行外表面磁粉检测或渗透检测，检验结果以II级为合格。抽样检验不合格时，应按本规范5.1.7条的规定处理。5.2.8Exteriorsurfacemagnetic-particleinspectionorpenetrationtestshallbedonefor5%(atleastonepiece)ofeachbatch(ofthesamelotnumber,stovenumber,materialandspecification)ofpipesconveyingutmosthazardmedium(exceptbenzene)withdesignpressurelessthan10MPaaccordingtomethodsandcriteriaforevaluationinClause5.2.7.GradeⅡwillbequalified.Ifitisunqualified,thepipesshallbetreatedaccordingtoClause5.1.7.5.2.9　管子经磁粉检测或渗透检测发现的表面缺陷允许修磨，修磨后的实际壁厚不得小于管子公称壁厚的90%，且不得小于设计文件规定的最小壁厚。5.2.9Surfacedefectfoundbymagnetic-particleinspectionorpenetrationtestcanbegrinded.Butthe---\n---wallthicknessaftergrindingcan’tbelessthan90%ofnominalthicknessofthepipeandmin.thicknessspecifiedindesigndocument.5.3　阀门检验Inspectionofvalve5.3.1　设计文件要求做低温密封试验的阀门，应有制造单位的低温密封性试验合格证明书。5.3.1Ifcryogenicsealtestforvalveisrequiredindesigndocument,certificateofqualificationforcryogenicsealtestshallbeprovidedbythemanufacturer.5.3.2　用于SHA级管道的通用阀门，其焊缝或阀体、阀盖的铸钢件，应有符合SH3064规定的无损检测合格证明书。5.3.2Certificateofqualification(meetSH3064)fornondestructivetestofweldjointandsteelcastingofbodyandcoverofuniversalvalveforSHAlevelpipelineshallbeprovided.5.3.3　阀门安装前，应按设计文件中的“阀门规格书”，对阀门的阀体、密封面及有特殊要求的垫片和填料的材质进行抽检，每批至少抽查一件；合金钢阀门的阀体应逐件进行光谱分析。若不符合要求，该批阀门不得使用。5.3.3Beforeinstallationofvalve,samplinginspectionshallbedoneformaterialsofvalvebody,sealingface,gasketandfillerhavingspecialrequirement.Atleastoneofeachbatchshallbeinspected.Spectralanalysisshallbedoneforvalvebodyofeachalloysteelvalve.Ifitisunqualified,thebatchofvalvescan’tbeused.5.3.4　阀门的外观质量应符合产品标准的要求，不得有裂纹、氧化皮、粘砂、疏松等影响强度的缺陷。5.3.4Appearancequalityofvalveshallmeetrequirementinproductstandard.Thereshallbenocrack,scale,sandfusion,looseandotherdefectsthatcanimpactstrengthofvalve.5.3.5　阀门在安装前，应逐个对阀体进行液体压力试验，试验压力为公称压力的1.5倍，停压5min，无泄漏为合格。5.3.5Beforeinstallation,hydraulictestshallbedoneforeachvalvebody.Maintainthetestpressureat1.5timesofnominalpressurefor5min.ifthevalveisnotleaky,itisqualified.5.3.6　具有上密封结构的阀门，应逐个对上密封进行试验，试验压力为公称压力的1.1倍。试验时应关闭上密封面，并松开填料压盖，停压4min，无渗漏为合格。5.3.6Ifthevalvehasuppersealstructure,eachuppersealshallbetested.Uppersealfaceshallbeclosedandcoveroffillershallbeloosened.Maintainthetestpressureat1.1timesofnominalpressurefor4min.Ifthevalveisnotleaky,itisqualified.5.3.7　阀门液体压力试验和上密封试验应以洁净水为介质。不锈钢阀门液体压力试验时，水中的氯离子含量不得超过100mg/L，试验合格后应立即将水渍清除干净。5.3.7Cleanwatershallbeusedasmediumforhydraulictestanduppersealtest.Whenhydraulictestisdoneforstainlesssteelvalve,contentofchlorideioninwatercan’texceed100mg/L.Aftertest,waterspotshallberemoved.5.3.8　阀门的阀座密封面应按SH3064的规定进行密封性试验。5.3.8LeakagetestforsealingsurfaceofvalveseatshallbedoneaccordingtoSH3064.5.3.9　凡按SH---\n---3064或API标准制造并有相应认证标志，且用户到制造厂监造和验收的阀门，每批可按5%且不少于一个进行抽检，若有不合格，应按本规范5.1.7条的规定处理。5.3.9IfvalvesaremanufacturedaccordingtoSH306orAPIstandard,havecertificationmarksandaresupervisedandinspectedbytheuserinthemanufacturer’splant,5%ofeachbatch(atleast1piece)willbechecked.Ifthereisunqualifiedvalve,itshallbetreatedaccordingtoClause5.1.7.5.3.10　安全阀应按设计文件规定的开启压力进行调试。调压时压力应平稳，启闭试验不得少于3次。调试合格后，应及时进行铅封。5.3.10Commissioningofsafetyvalveshallbecarriedoutwithcrackingpressurespecifiedindesigndocument.Thepressureshallbestable.Atleastthreetimesofstart-stoptestshallbedone.Qualifiedsafetyvalveshallbesealedwithleadaftercommissioning.5.3.11　检验、试验合格的阀门，应作出标识，并填写阀门检验、试验记录。5.3.11Qualifiedvalvesshallbemarked,andinspectionandtestrecordsshallbemade.5.4　其他管道组成件检验Inspectionofconstituentelementsofotherpipes5.4.1　对其他管道组成件的产品质量证明文件，应进行核对，且下列项目应符合产品标准的要求：　　a)化学成分及力学性能；　　b)合金钢锻件的金相分析结果；　　c)热处理结果及焊缝无损检测报告。5.4.1Certificateofqualificationofconstituentelementsofotherpipesshallbechecked.Followingitemsshallmeettherequirementsinproductstandard.a)Chemicalconstitutionandmechanicalproperty.b)Metallographicanalysisresultofalloysteelforgingc)Heattreatmentresultandnondestructivetestreportofweldjoint.5.4.2　管件外表面应有制造厂代号（商标）、规格、材料牌号和批号等标识，并与质量证明文件相符，否则不得使用。5.4.2　Exteriorsurfaceofelementsshallhavecodename(trademark),specificationandbrandandlotnumberofmaterialthatareconformtocertificateofqualification.Otherwise,itcan’tbeused.5.4.3　管件的表面不得有裂纹，外观应光滑、无氧化皮，表面的其他缺陷不得超过产品标准规定的允许深度。坡口、螺纹加工精度应符合产品标准的要求。焊接管件的焊缝应成形良好，且与母材圆滑过渡，不得有裂纹、未熔合、未焊透、咬边等缺陷。5.4.3Surfaceofelementsshallbesmoothwithoutcrackandscale.Otherdefectsonsurfacecan’texceedthepermissibledepthspecifiedinproductstandard.Workingaccuracythreadandgrooveatendshallmeettherequirementsinproductstandard.Weldjointofpipesshallbesmoothandwelljoinwiththepipe.Thereshallbenocrack,stick-outweld,faultyfusionandundercut.5.4.4　SHA级管道的管件应按本规范5.2.7条、5.2.8条的规定进行表面无损检测。5.4.4NondestructivetestforsurfaceofelementsofSHAlevelpipelineshallbecarriedoutaccordingtoClause5.2.7and5.2.8oftheSpecification.5.4.5　螺栓、螺母的螺纹应完整，无划痕、毛刺等缺陷，加工精度符合产品标准的要求。螺栓、螺母应配合良好，无松动或卡涩现象。5.4.5Threadsofboltandnutshallbecompletewithoutscratchorburr.Workingaccuracyshallmeetthe---\n---productstandard.Boltandnutshallfitwitheachotherwithoutlooseorlock.5.4.6　设计压力等于或大于10MPa管道用的合金钢螺栓、螺母，应逐件进行快速光谱分析，每批应抽两件进行硬度检验，若有不合格，按本规范5.1.7条的规定处理。5.4.6Quickspectralanalysistestofeachalloysteelboltandnutforpipelinewithdesignpressure≧10MPashallbedone.Hardnessinspectionoftwoelementseachbatchshallbetested.Ifitisunqualified,itshallbetreatedaccordingtoClause5.1.7.5.4.7　设计温度低于－29℃的低温管道合金钢螺栓、螺母，应逐件进行快速光谱分析检验，每批应抽两根螺栓进行低温冲击性能检验。若有不合格，应按本规范5.1.7条的规定进行处理。5.4.7Quickspectralanalysistestofeachalloysteelboltandnutforpipelinewithdesigntemperaturelowerthan-29℃shallbedone.Lowtemperatureimpactperformancetestoftwoboltseachbatchshallbedone.Ifitisunqualified,itshallbetreatedaccordingtoClause5.1.7.5.4.8　其他合金钢管道组成件的快速光谱分析，每批应抽检5%，且不少于一件。若有不合格，应按本规范5.1.7条的规定处理。5.4.85%(atleastonepiece)ofeachbatchofalloysteelelementsforotherpipelinesshallbetestedwithquickspectralanalysis.Ifitisunqualified,itshallbetreatedaccordingtoClause5.1.7.5.4.9　密封垫片应按产品标准进行抽样检查验收，每批不得少于一件。缠绕垫片不得有松散、翘曲现象，表表面不得有影响密封性能的伤痕、空隙、凹凸不平及锈斑等缺陷。金属垫片、石棉橡胶板垫片的边缘应切割整齐，表面应平整光滑，不得有气泡、分层、折皱、划痕等缺陷。5.4.9Samplinginspection(atleastonepieceperbatch)ofgasketsealshallbecarriedoutaccordingtotheproductstandard.Thegasketcan’tbelooseorwarped.Thereshallbenoscar,gap,sag,crestandrustystainthatmayimpactsealingpropertyonsurface.Edgeofmetallicgasketandrubberslatgasketshallbesmooth.Thesurfaceshallbesmoothandevenwithoutbubble,separationlayer,foldorscratch.5.4.10　现场制作石棉橡胶板垫片，不得在低于15℃的环境中进行，且自板材制成之日起，耐油石棉橡胶板储存期限不得超过一年半，普通石棉橡胶板储存期限不得超过两年。5.4.10Temperatureofworkshopforproductionofasbestos-packinggasketcan’tbelessthan15℃.Storagelifeofoil-proofasbestospackingsheetcan’texceedoneandhalfyear,andthatofcommonasbestospackingsheetcan’texceedtwoyears.5.4.11　法兰密封面不得有径向划痕等缺陷。5.4.11Flangeshallbesealedwithoutradialscratch.6　管道预制及安装Prefabricationandinstallationofpipeline6.1　管道预制Prefabricationofpipeline6.1.1　管道预制加工应按现场审查确认的设计单线图或依据管道平、剖面图绘制的单线图进行，预制加工图上应标注管线编号、现场组焊位置和调节裕量。6.1.1Prefabricationofpipelineshallbecarriedoutaccordingtodesignedsinglelinediagram,orsinglelinediagramdrawnbaseduponplaneandsectionofpipelinethatareapprovedonsite.Numberofpipeline,positionofgangweldingandovermeasureshallbeindicatedintheworkingdiagram.---\n---6.1.2　管道预制过程中的每一道工序，均应核对管子的标识，并做好标识的移植。不锈钢管道、低温钢管道，不得使用钢印作标识。6.1.2Duringeachsequenceofprefabrication,marksofpipelineshallbechecked.Transferofmarksshallbedonewell.Steelmarkcan’tbeusedforstainlesssteelpipeandlowtemperaturesteelpipe.6.1.3弯管最小弯曲半径应符合设计文件要求，当设计文件未规定时，应符合表2的规定。6.1.3Min.bendingradiusofelbowpipeshallmeettherequirementindesigndocument.Ifitisnotspecifiedinthedesigndocument,itshallmeetthespecificationintable2.表2　弯管最小弯曲半径Table2Min.BendingRadiusofElbowPipe管道设计压力DesignpressureofpipeMPa弯管制作方式Fabricationmode最小弯曲半径Min.bendingradius＜10热　　弯Hotbending3.5D0冷　　弯Coldbending4.0D0≥10冷、热弯Coldandhotbending5.0D0注：D0为管子外径。Notes:Dnisexteriordiameterofpipeline6.1.4　当设计允许用焊接钢管弯制弯管时，焊缝应避开受拉或受压区。6.1.4Ifitisallowablethatelbowpipecanbefabricatedbyweldingofpipes,theweldjointcan’tbeintensileorcompressiveregion.6.1.5　弯管制作后，弯管处的最小壁厚不得小于管子公称壁厚的90%，且不得小于设计文件规定的最小壁厚。弯管处的最大外径与最小外径之差，应符合下列规定：6.1.5Afterfabricationofelbowpipe,min.wallthicknessatelbowcan’tbelessthan90%ofthenominalthicknessandmin.thicknessspecifiedinthedesigndocument.Differencebetweenmax.exteriordiameterandmin.exteriordiameteratelbowshallmeetthefollowingspecifications:　　a)SHA级管道应小于弯制前管子外径的5%；　　a)ForSHAlevelpipeline,thedifferenceshallbelessthan5%ofexteriordiameterofpipebeforefabrication.b)SHB、SHC及SHD级管道应小于弯制前管子外径的8%。b)ForSHB,SHCandSHDlevelpipelines,itshallbelessthan8%ofexteriordiameterofpipebeforefabrication.6.1.6　弯管制作后，直管段中心线偏差△不得大于1.5mm/m，且不得大于5mm。6.1.6Afterfabricationofelbowpipe,deviationofcentrallineofstraightsection△can’tbelargerthan1.5mm/mand5mm.---\n---图1　弯管中心偏差Fig1.Centraldeviationofelbowpipe6.1.7　钢管热弯或冷弯后的热处理，应符合下列规定：6.1.7Afterhotorcoolbending,heattreatmentofsteelpipeshallmeetfollowingspecifications:　　a) 钢管的热弯温度与弯后热处理应按表3的规定进行，表中未列入的钢号，按该材料供货状态的要求进行；a)Hotbendingtemperatureandheattreatmentofsteelpipeshallmeettable3.Steelpipenotlistedinshallmeettherequirementindeliverystateofthematerial.b) 钢管冷弯后的热处理应按表4的规定进行；　　b)Aftercoldbending,heattreatmentofsteelpipeshallbecarriedoutaccordingtotable4.c)公称直径大于100mm或壁厚大于13mm的铁素体合金钢管弯制后，应进行消除应力的热处理；c)Afterbendingofferriticalloysteelpipewhosenominaldiameterislargerthan100mmorwallthicknessislargerthan13mm,heattreatmentforstressreliefshallbecarriedout.d)有应力腐蚀的冷弯弯管，应作消除应力的热处理；　　d)Heattreatmentforrelievingofstressshallbedoneforcoldbendingelbowpipehavingstresscorrosion.e)热处理时的加热速度、恒温时间、冷却速度应符合本规范7.4.9条的规定。e)Heatingrate,timeofconstanttemperature,coolingrateforheattreatmentshallmeetClause7.4.9intheSpecification.表3　钢管热弯温度及热处理Table3HotBendingTemperatureandHeatTreatmentofSteelPipe钢种或钢号Steeltypeorgrade热弯温度Hotbendingtemperature℃热处理要求Requirementforheattreatment10,20750~1050终弯温度小于900℃，且壁厚大于等于19mm时，进行600℃~650℃回火。Finalbendingtemperatureshallbelowerthan900℃,ifwallthicknessis≧19mm,temperingshallbeperformedat600℃~650℃16Mn900~105012CrMo15CrMo800~1050900℃~920℃正火Normalizingat900℃~920℃---\n---12Cr1MoV800~1050980℃~1020℃正火加720~760℃回火Normalizingat980℃~1020℃andtemperingat720~760℃1Cr5Mo800~1050850℃~875℃完全退火或725℃~750℃高温回火Completeannealingat850℃~875℃ortemperingat725℃~750℃0Cr18Ni9Cr18Ni12Mo2TiCr25Ni20900~12001050℃~1100℃固溶化Dissolvedat1050℃~1100℃表4　钢管冷弯后热处理Table4HeatTreatmentAfterCoolBendingofSteelPipe钢种或钢号Steeltypeorgrade壁厚Wallthicknessmm弯曲半径Bendingradius热处理要求Requirementforheattreatment10，20≥36任意Random600℃~650℃退火Annealingat600℃~650℃19~36≤5D0<19任意Random－12CrMo15CrMo>20任意Random680℃~700℃退火Annealingat680℃~700℃13~20≤3.5D0<13任意Random－12Cr1MoV>20任意Random720℃~760℃退火Annealingat720℃~760℃13~20≤3.5D0<13任意Random－0Cr18Ni9Cr18Ni12Mo2TiCr25Ni20任意Random任意Random按设计文件要求Indesigndocument6.1.8　SHA级管道弯制后，应进行磁粉检测或渗透检测。若有缺陷应予以修磨，修磨后的壁厚不得小于管子公称壁厚的90%，且不得小于设计文件规定的最小壁厚。6.1.8Afterbending,magnetic-particleinspectionorpenetrationtestofSHAlevelpipelineshallbecarriedout.Ifthereisdefect,itcanbegrinded.Afterthat,thewallthicknesscan’tbelessthan90%ofthenominalthicknessandmin.thicknessindesigndocument.6.1.9　SHA级管道弯管加工、检测合格后，应填写SHA级管道弯管加工记录。6.1.9Afterbendingandinspection,BendingrecordforSHAlevelpipelineshallbemade.6.1.10　夹套管内的主管必须使用无缝钢管。当主管上有环焊缝时，该焊缝应经100%射线检测，经试压合格后方可进行隐蔽作业。套管与主管间的间隙应均匀，并按设计文件要求焊接支承块。6.1.10Mainpipeinsleeveshallbeseamlesssteelpipe.Ifthereisgirthjointonthesteelpipe,thejointshallbecheckedwith100%radial.Ifitisqualified,concealedworkscanbecarriedout.Gapbetweensleeveandmainpipeshallbeuniform.Restpadshallbeweldedaccordingthedesigndocument.6.1.11　检验合格后的管道预制件应有标识，并封闭端口，其内部不得有砂土、铁屑、熔渣及其他杂物，存放时应防止损伤和污染。---\n---6.1.11Qualifiedprefabricatedpipeshallhavemarkandbesealed.Thereshallbenosandclay,ironchips,slagandothersundriesinthepipe.Damageandpollutionofpipelineshallbepreventedduringstorage.6.1.2　管道采用螺纹法兰连接时，螺纹和密封面的加工、检验应符合设计文件的规定。6.1.12Ifpipesareconnectedwithscrewedflange,processingandinspectionofthreadandsealingfaceshallmeetthedesigndocument.6.2　管道安装Installationofpipeline6.2.1　管道安装前，应逐件清除管道组成件内部的砂土、铁屑、熔渣及其他杂物。设计文件有特殊要求的管道，应按设计文件要求进行处理。6.2.1Beforeinstallation,sandclay,ironchips,slagandothersundriesinthepipeshallberemoved.Specialrequirementforpipelineindesigndocumentshallbemet.6.2.2　管道上的开孔应在管段安装前完成。当在已安装的管道上开孔时，管内因切割而产生的异物应清除干净。6.2.2Tappingofpipelineshallbecompletedbeforeinstallationofpipeline.Ifthepipelinewasinstalled,foreignbodiescausedbycuttingshallberemoved.6.2.3　管道安装时，应检查法兰密封面及垫片，不得有影响密封性能的划痕、锈斑等缺陷存在。6.2.3Wheninstallingpipeline,checksealingfaceandgasketofflange.Thereshallbenoscratchandrustystainthatcanimpactsealingproperty.6.2.4　安装前，法兰环槽密封面与金属环垫应作接触线检查。当金属环垫在密封面上转动45°后，检查接触线不得有间断现象。6.2.4Beforeinstallation,contactwireofflange’sringtypejointfaceandmetallicringgasketshallbechecked.Afterthemetallicringgasketturnsa40°angle,checkwhetherthecontactwireisinterrupted.6.2.5　有拧紧力矩要求的螺栓，应严格按设计文件规定的力矩拧紧。测力扳手应预先经过校验，允许偏差为±5%。带有测力螺帽的螺栓，必须拧紧到螺帽脱落。6.2.5Boltshallbescreweddownwithforcemomentspecifiedindesigndocument,ifany.Torque-indicatingwrenchshallbecheckedbeforeuse.Allowabledeviationis±5%.Boltwithforcemeasuringnutshallbescreweddowntillthescrewcapisfelloff.6.2.6　流量孔板上、下游直管的长度应符合设计文件要求，且在此范围内的焊缝内表面应与管道内表面平齐。6.2.6Lengthsofstraightpipesatupperandlowerreachesoffloworificeplateshallmeetthedesigndocument.Innerfaceofweldjointsintherangeshallbeequaltoinnerfaceofpipeline.6.2.7　温度计套管及其他插入件的安装方向与长度，应符合SH3521的规定。6.2.7InstallationdirectionandlengthofthermowellandotherinsertsshallmeetSH3521.6.2.8　连接法兰的螺栓应能在螺栓孔中顺利通过。法兰密封面间的平行偏差及间距，应符合表5的规定。---\n---6.2.8Boltconnectionofflangeshallbeabletopassthroughtheboltholesmoothly.Paralleldeviationanddistancebetweensealingfacesofflangeshallmeettable5.表5　法兰密封面间的平行偏差及间距　　　　　　　　　　单位：mmTable5ParallelDeviationandDistanceBetweenSealingFacesofFlangeUnit:mm管道级别Pipelevel平　行　偏　差Paralleldeviation间　距DistanceDN≤300DN＞300SHA≤0.4≤0.7垫片厚+1.5Thicknessofgasket+1.5SHB、SHC、SHD≤0.6≤1.0垫片厚+2.0Thicknessofgasket+2.06.2.9　与转动机器（以下简称机器）连接的管道，宜从机器侧开始安装，并应先安装管支架。管道和阀门等的重量和附加力矩不得作用在机器上。管道的水平度或垂直度偏差应小于1mm/m。气体压缩机入口管道因水平偏差造成的坡度，应坡向分液罐一侧。6.2.9Pipelinetobeconnectedwithrotarymachine(hereinafterreferredtoasmachine)shallbeinstalledfromthemachineside.Supportofpipelineshallbefirstlyinstalled.Weightandadditionalmomentofpipelineandvalvecan’tactonthemachine.Deviationoflevelnessorverticalityofpipelinecan’texceed1mm/m.Thegradientformedatinletpipetogascompressorasaresultofhorizontaldeviationshalldeclinetowardsliquidseparationtank.6.2.10　与机器连接的管道及其支、吊架安装完毕后，应卸下接管上的法兰螺栓，在自由状态下所有螺栓应能在螺栓孔中顺利通过。法兰密封面间的平行偏差、径向偏差及间距，当设计或制造厂未规定时，不应超过表6的规定值。6.2.10Afterinstallationofpipeline,supportandhangeronthemachine,flangeboltonconnectorshallberemoved.Allboltsshallbeabletonaturallypassthroughtheboltholesmoothly.Paralleldeviation,radialdeviationanddistancebetweensealingfacesofflangecan’texceedthevaluesintable6ifthereisnospecificationindesigndocumentorbythemanufacturer.表6　法兰密封面平行偏差、径向偏差及间距Table6ParallelDeviation,RadialDeviationandDistanceBetweenSealingFacesofFlange机器旋转速度Rotaryspeedofmachiner/min平行偏差Paralleldeviationmm径向偏差Radialdeviationmm间距Distancemm＜3000≤0.40≤0.80垫片厚+1.5Thicknessofgasket+1.53000~6000≤0.15≤0.50垫片厚+1.0Thicknessofgasket+1.0>6000≤0.10≤0.20垫片厚+1.0Thicknessofgasket+1.0---\n---6.2.11　机器试车前，应对管道与机器的连接法兰进行最终连接检查。检查时，在联轴器上架设百分表监视位移，然后松开和拧紧法兰连接螺栓进行观测，其位移应符合下列规定：6.2.11Beforecommissioningofmachine,flangeconnectingpipeandmachineshallbechecked.Dialindicatorshallbeerectedonshaftcouplingtomonitorthedisplacement.Loosenandtightenjointboltofflangetoobserveitsdisplacement.Thedisplacementshallmeetfollowingspecifications:a)当转速大于6000r/min时，位移值应小于0.02mm；a)Whenrotaryspeedislargerthan6000r/min,thedisplacementshallbelessthan0.02mm;　　b)当转速小于或等于6000r/min时，位移值应小于0.05mm。b)Whenrotaryspeedislessthanorequalto6000r/min,thedisplacementshallbelessthan0.05mm.6.2.12　管道系统试运行时，高温或低温管道的连接螺栓，应按下列规定进行热态紧固或冷态紧固：6.2.12Duringcommissioningofpiping,thermalstatefasteningorcoldstatefasteningofjointboltofhigh-temperatureorlow-temperaturepipelineshallmeetthefollowingspecifications.a)螺栓热态紧固或冷态紧固作业的温度应符合表7的规定；a)Workingtemperatureforthermalstatefasteningorcoldstatefasteningofboltshallmeetspecificationsintable7:表7　螺栓热态紧固、冷态紧固作业温度　　　　　　　　　　单位：℃Table7WorkingTemperatureforThermalStateFasteningorColdStateFasteningofBoltUnit:℃工作温度Workingtemperature一次热紧、冷紧温度Temperatureforprimarythermalstatefastening,coldstatefastening二次热紧、冷紧温度Temperatureforsecondarythermalstatefastening,coldstatefastening250~350工作温度Workingtemperature－>350350工作温度Workingtemperature-70~-29工作温度Workingtemperature－<-70-70工作温度Workingtemperature　　b)热态紧固或冷态紧固应在紧固作业温度保持2h后进行；　　b)Thermalstatefasteningorcoldstatefasteningshallbecarriedoutafterthefasteningtemperaturehasbeingkeptfor2h.c)紧固管道连接螺栓时，管道的最大内压力应符合下列规定：　　c)Whenfasteningjointboltofpipeline,max.internalpressureofpipelineshallmeetthefollowingspecification:1)当设计压力小于6MPa时，热态紧固的最大内压力应小于0.3MPa；1)Whendesignpressureislessthan6MPa,max.internalpressureofthermalstatefasteningshallbelessthan0.3MPa.　　　2)当设计压力大于6MPa时，热态紧固的最大内压力应小于0.5MPa；---\n---　　　2)Whendesignpressureislargerthan6MPa,max.internalpressureofthermalstatefasteningshallbelessthan0.5MPa.3)冷态紧固应在卸压后进行；　　3)Coldstatefasteningshouldbedoneafterdepressurizing;d)螺栓紧固应有保障操作人员的技术措施。d)Protectivemeasuresshallbetakenduringfasteningofbolt.6.2.13　有静电接地要求的管道，各段间应导电良好。当每对法兰或螺纹接头间电阻值大于0.03Ω时，应有导线跨接。6.2.13Forpipelinetobeprovidedwithstaticearthing,itseachsectionshallhavesatisfactoryelectricconductivity.Whenresistancebetweeneachpairofflangesorscrewedconnectionsislargerthan0.03Ω,additionalconductorsshallbeattachedforcrossconnection.6.2.14　管道系统静电接地引线，宜采用焊接形式。对地电阻值及接地位置应符合设计文件要求。6.2.14Staticearthingleadofpipingshallbewelded.Itsresistancetogroundandearthingpositionshallmeetthedesigndocument.6.2.15　用作静电接地的材料或零件，安装前不得刷油。导电接触面必须除锈并连接可靠。6.2.15Materialorpartforstaticearthingcan’tbepaintedwithoilbeforeinstallation.Currentconductinginterfacemustbederustedandstablyconnected.6.2.16　有静电接地要求的不锈钢管道，导线跨接或接地引线应采用不锈钢板过渡，不得与不锈钢管直接连接。6.2.16Forstainlesssteelpipelinetobeprovidedwithstaticearthing,stainlesssteelplateshallbeusedtoconnectconductingwireorearthleadwiththepipeline.Can’tdirectlyconnectthewirewiththepipeline.6.2.17　管道的静电接地安装完毕测试合格后，应及时填写管道静电接地测试记录。6.2.17Afterthepipelineisproperlyprovidedwithstaticearthing,staticearthingtestrecordshallbemade.6.2.18　管道安装时，应同时进行支、吊架的固定和调整工作。支、吊架位置应正确，安装应牢固，管子和支承面接触应良好。6.2.18Duringinstallationofpipeline,fixingandadjustmentofsupportandhangershallbecarriedoutatthesametime.Supportandhangershallbeproperlyinstalledandfixed.Bearingsurfaceshallproperlycontactwiththepipeline.6.2.19　无热位移管道的管道吊架，其吊杆应垂直安装。有热位移管道的管道吊架，其吊点应在位移相反方向，按位移值的1/2偏位安装。6.2.19Suspenderofpipeline’shangerwithoutthermalwalkingshallbevertical.Suspenderofpipeline’shangerwiththermalwalkingshallbeinstalledatthepositionthatis1/2displacementawayformthesuspensioncenter.6.2.20　固定支架和限位支架应严格按设计文件要求安装。固定支架应在补偿装置预拉伸或预压缩前固定。6.2.20Steadyrestandlimitsupportshallbeinstalledstrictlyaccordingtodesigndocument.Steadyrest---\n---shallbefixedbeforeprestretchingorprecompressionofcompensatingdevice.6.2.21　导向支架或滑动支架的滑动面应洁净平整、不得有歪斜和卡涩现象，且隔热层不得妨碍其位移。6.2.21Slidesurfaceofguidesupportorslidingsupportshallbecleanandevenwithoutskewnessorlock.Thethermalinsulatinglayercan’timpactitsdisplacement.6.2.22　弹簧支、吊架的弹簧安装高度，应按设计文件规定进行调整。弹簧支架的限位板，应在试车前拆除。6.2.22Installationheightofspringofspringsupportandhangershallbeadjustedaccordingtothedesigndocument.Limitplateofspringsupportshallberemovedbeforecommissioning.6.2.23　弹簧支、吊架时，焊缝不得有漏焊、裂纹、高度和长度不够等缺陷。支架与管道焊接时，管子表面不得有咬边现象。6.2.23Whenweldingsupportandhanger,omissionofwelding,crackonweldjoint,insufficientheightandlengthareforbidden.Whenweldingsupportwithpipeline,surfaceofpipelineshallbefreeofundercut.6.2.24　管道安装时，不宜使用临时支、吊架。当使用临时支、吊架时，不得将其焊在管道上。在管道安装完毕后，应及时更换成正式支、吊架。6.2.24Temporarysupportandhangermaynotbeusedduringinstallationofpipeline.Iftheyareused,theycan’tbeweldedtothepipeline.Afterinstallationofpipeline,thetemporarysupportandhangershallbereplacedwithformalsupportandhanger.6.2.25　管道安装完毕后，应按设计文件逐个核对、确认支、吊架的形式和位置。6.2.25Afterinstallationofpipeline,formandpositionofeachsupportandhangershallbecheckedandapproved.6.2.26　“II”形补偿器安装，应按设计文件规定进行预拉伸或预压缩，允许偏差为预伸缩量的10%，且不大于10mm。6.2.26Beforeinstallationof∏typecompensator,prestretchingorprecompressionofcompensatorshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothedesigndocument.Allowabledeviationis10%ofpre-stretchmagnitudeandnotlongerthan10mm.“II”形补偿器水平安装时，平行臂应与管道坡度相同，垂直臂应呈水平状态。If∏typecompensatorisinstalledinhorizontaldirection,gradeofparallelarmshallbethesamewiththatofpipeline.Verticalarmshallbeinhorizontality.6.2.27　波形补偿器安装应按下列要求进行：6.2.27Requirementsforinstallationofwaveformcompensator:a)按设计文件规定进行预拉伸或预压缩，受力应均匀；Prestretchingorprecompressionofcompensatorshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothedesigndocument.Stressshallbeuniform.b)波形补偿器内套有焊缝的一端，在水平管道上应位于介质流入端，在垂直管道上应置于上部；Waveformcompensator’soneendhavingweldjointshallbeatinflowendofparallelpipeline---\n---andupperpartofverticalpipeline.a)波形补偿器应与管道保持同轴，不得偏斜；Waveformcompensatorandpipelineshallbedeadinlinewithoutskewness.b)波形补偿器预拉伸或预压缩合格后，应设临时约束装置将其固定，待管道负荷运行前，再拆除临时约束装置。Afterappropriateprestretchingorprecompressionofwaveformcompensator,temporaryrestraintdeviceshallbesettofixthecompensator.Thedevicewillberemovedbeforeloadingoperationofpipeline.6.2.28　管道补偿器安装调试合格后，应做好安装记录。6.2.28Afterinstallation,commissioningandinspectionofcompensator,installationrecordshallbemade.7　管道焊接Weldingofpipeline7.1　一般规定Generalspecifications7.1.1　施焊前，应根据焊接工艺评定报告编制焊接作业指导书。焊工应按指定的焊接作业指导书施焊。7.1.1Weldingoperationinstructionshallbecompiledaccordingtoweldingprocedurequalificationreportbeforewelding.Theweldershalloperateaccordingtotheinstruction.7.1.2　焊接材料应具有产品质量证明文件，且实物与证书上的批号相符。外观检查时，焊条的药皮不得有受潮、脱落或明显裂纹。焊丝在使用前应清除其表面的油污、锈蚀等。焊条应按说明书或焊接作业指导书的要求进行烘烤，并在使用过程中保持干燥。出厂期超过一年的焊条，应进行焊条焊接工艺性能试验，合格后方可使用。7.1.2Weldingmaterialsshallhavecertificateofqualification.Lotnumberonmaterialpackageshallconformtothecertificate.Coatingofelectrodecan’tbeaffectedwithdamp,fallofforhaveclearcrack.Oilstainandruststainonweldingwireshallberemoved.Electrodeshallbebakedaccordingtotheproductinstructionorweldingoperationinstruction.Itshallbedryduringuse.Electrodewhoseex-worksdateexceedsoneyearshallbetestedwithweldingperformance.Qualifiedelectrodecanbeused.7.1.3　焊接环境温度低于下列要求时，应采取提高焊接环境温度的措施：7.1.3Whenambienttemperaturesarelessthanfollowingvalues,measuresforincreaseoftemperatureshallbetaken:　　a)非合金钢焊接，不低于-20℃；b)低合金钢焊接，不低于-10℃；　　c)奥氏体不锈钢焊接，不低于-5℃；　　d）其他合金钢焊接，不低于0℃。a)Non-alloysteelwelding,notlowerthan-20℃;---\n---b)Lowalloysteelwelding,notlowerthan-10℃;c)Austeniticstainlesssteelwelding,notlowerthan-5℃;d)otheralloysteelwelding,notlowerthan0℃.7.1.4　管道的施焊环境若出现下列情况之一，而未采取防护措施时，应停止焊接作业：7.1.4Iffollowingsituationshappeninconstructionsiteforweldingofpipelineandnoprotectivemeasurearetaken,weldingoperationshallbestopped:　　a)焊条电弧焊焊接时，风速等于或大于8m/s；气体保护焊焊接时，风速等于或大于2m/s；b)相对湿度大于90%；　　c)下雨或下雪。a)Forarcweldingofelectrode,windspeedis≧8m/s;Forgasshieldedwelding,windspeedis≧2m/s;b)Relativehumidityis>90%;c)Itisrainingorsnowing.7.1.5　钨极氩弧焊宜用铈钨棒。使用氩气的纯度应在99.95%以上。7.1.5Ceriumtungstenrodmaybeusedforargontungsten-arcwelding.Purityofargonshallbeover99.95%.7.1.6　管道焊接不得使用氧乙炔焰焊接。7.1.6Oxyacetyleneflamecan’beusedforweldingofpipeline.7.2　焊前准备与接头组对Preparationandassemblyofjoints7.2.1　管道焊缝的设置，应便于焊接、热处理及检验，并应符合下列要求：7.2.1Positionofseamsshallbeconvenientforwelding,heattreatmentandinspection,andmeetfollowingrequirements:a)除采用无直管段的定型弯头外，管道焊缝的中心与弯管起弯点的距离不应小于管子外径，且不小于10mm；a)Exceptsizingelbowwithoutstraightpipe,distancebetweencenterofweldedpipeandoriginofelbowcan’tbelessthanexteriordiameterofpipeand10mm.b)焊缝与支，吊架边缘的净距离不应小于50mm。需要热处理的焊缝距支、吊架边缘的净距离应大于焊缝宽度的5倍，且不小于100mm；b)Netdistancebetweenseamandedgesofsupportandhangercan’tbelessthan50mm.Netdistancebetweenseamneedingheattreatmentandedgesofsupportandhangershallbelargerthan5timesofwidthofseamandcan’tbelessthan100mm.c)管道两相邻焊缝中心的间距，应控制在下列范围内：　　　1)直管段两环缝间距不小于100mm，且不小于管子外径；2)除定型管件外，其他任意两焊缝间的距离不小于50mm；c)Distancebetweencentersoftwoneighboringseamsshallbecontrolledwithinthefollowingrange:---\n---1)Thedistancebetweentwocircumferentialseamsofstraightpipecan’tbelessthan100mmandexteriordiameterofpipeline.2)Exceptcalibrationpipe,distancebetweenanytwoseamscan’tbelessthan50mm.d)在焊接接头及其边缘上不宜开孔，否则被开孔周围一倍孔径范围内的焊接接头，应100%进行射线检测；d)Weldjointanditsedgeshallnotbepreferablyperforated;otherwise,100%radialtestshallbedoneforweldjointswithinoneaperturerange.e)管道上被补强圈或支座垫板覆盖的焊接接头，应进行100%射线检测，合格后方可覆盖。e)100%radialtestshallbedoneforweldjointtobecoveredbystiffeningringorsupportpad.7.2.2　焊接接头的坡口形式、尺寸及组对要求，若设计文件未规定时，宜按附录B确定。7.2.2Typeofgroove,dimensionandassemblyrequirementofweldjointsshallbeconfirmedaccordingtoAppendixBifthereisnorequirementindesigndocument.7.2.3　管子坡口应按下列方法加工：　　a)SHA级管道的管子，应采用机械方法加工；　　b)SHB、SHC及SHD级管道的管子，宜用机械方法加工。当采用氧乙炔焰或等离子切割时，切割后必须除去影响焊接质量的表面层。7.2.3Grooveofpipelineshallbeprocessedwithfollowingmethod:a)ForSHAlevelpipe,mechanicaltreatmentmethodshallbeadopted.b)ForSHB,SHCandSHDpipes,mechanicaltreatmentmethodmaybeadopted.Ifoxyacetyleneflameorplasmaisadopted,surfacecoatthatcanimpactweldingqualityshallberemovedaftercutting.7.2.4　壁厚相同的管道组成件组对时，应使内壁平齐，其错边量不应超过下列规定：　　a)SHA级管道为壁厚的10%，且不大于0.5mm；　　b)SHB、SHC及SHD级管道为壁厚的10%，且不大于1mm。7.2.4Whenassemblingelementsofpipeswiththesamewallthickness,theinnerwallshallbeeven.Unfitnessofbuttjointcant’exceedthefollowingvalues:a)ForSHAlevelpipe,10%ofwallthicknessandnotlargerthan0.5mm;b)ForSHB,SHCandSHDpipes,10%ofwallthicknessandnotlargerthan1mm.7.2.5　壁厚不同的管道组成件组对，当壁厚差大于下列数值时，应按图2、图3的要求加工。　　a)SHA级管道的内壁差0.5mm或外壁差2mm；　　b)SHB、SHC及SHD级管道的内壁差1.0mm或外壁差2mm。7.2.5Whenassemblingelementsofpipeswithdifferentwallthickness,ifdifferentofwallthicknessexceedsfollowingvalues,processingshallbedoneaccordingtofigure2and3.a)ForSHAlevelpipe:innerwall:0.5mm,orexteriorwall:2mm;b)ForSHB,SHCandSHDpipes:innerwall:1.0mm,orexteriorwall:2mm.---\n---图2　不同壁厚管子加工要求Fig.2RequirementsforProcessingofPipesWithDifferentWallThickness图3　不同壁厚管子和管件加工要求Fig.3RequirementsforProcessingofPipesandElementsWithDifferentWallThickness7.2.6　焊接接头的坡口的渗透检测应按下列规定进行：　　a)材料淬硬倾向较大的管道坡口100%检测；　　b)设计温度低于-29℃的非奥氏体不锈钢管道坡口抽检5%。7.2.6Requirementsforpenetrationtestofweldjoint’sgroovea)100%ofgrooveswithtrendofhardenquenchingshallbetested.b)5%ofgroovesofnon-austeniticstainlesssteelpipewhosedesigntemperatureislowerthan-29℃shallbetested.7.2.7　焊接接头组对前，应用手工或机械方法清理其内外表面，在坡口两侧20mm范围内不得有油漆、毛刺、锈斑、氧化皮及其他对焊接过程有害的物质。7.2.7Beforeassemblyofweldjoints,innerandexteriorfacesofitshallberemovedwithmanualormechanicalmethod.Thereshallbenopaint,burr,rustystain,scaleandothersundriesin20mmrangeattwosidesofgroovesthatcanimpactwelding.7.2.8　焊接接头组对前，应确认坡口加工形式、尺寸，其表面不得有裂纹、夹层等缺陷。7.2.8Beforeassemblyofweldjoints,machiningmodeanddimensionofgroovesshallbechecked.Thereshallbenocrackorinterlayeronthesurface.7.2.9　不锈钢管采用电弧焊时，焊接接头组对前应在坡口两侧各100mm范围内涂白垩粉或其他防粘污剂。7.2.9Ifarcweldingmethodisadoptedforweldingofstainlesssteelpipe,chalkpowderorotherantistickingagentshallbepaintedonsurfaceinrangeof100mmfromtwosidesofgrooves---\n---beforeassemblyofweldjoints.7.2.10　施工过程中，除设计文件要求进行冷拉伸或冷压缩外，不得用强力方法组对焊接接头。7.2.10Colddrawingorcoldcompressionshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothedesigndocument.Can’tassembleweldjointswithforce.7.2.11　定位焊应与正式焊接的焊接工艺相同。定位焊的焊缝长度宜为10mm~15mm、厚度为2mm~4mm，且不超过壁厚的2/3。定位焊的焊缝不得有裂纹及其他缺陷。7.2.11Tackweldshallbethesamewithweldingprocessofformalwelding.Lengthofseammaybe10mm~15mmandthicknessmaybe2mm~4mmandnotlargerthan2/3ofwallthickness.Thereshallbenocrackandotherdefectsontheseam.7.2.12　在合金钢钢管上焊接组对卡具时，卡具的材质应与管材相同，否则应用焊接该钢管的焊条在卡具上堆焊过渡层。7.2.12Ifassembledfixturewillbeweldedontoalloysteelpipeline,materialoffixtureshallbethesamewiththatofpipeline.Otherwise,usetheelectrodetoweldanintermediatelayeronfixture.7.2.13　焊接在管道上的组对卡具不得用敲打或掰扭的方法拆除。7.2.13Assembledfixtureweldedonpipelinecan’tberemovedbyknockorbreakingoffwithfingersandthumb.7.2.14　当采用怕氧乙炔焰切割合金管钢管道上的焊接卡具时，应在离管道表面3mm处切割，然后用砂轮进行修磨。有淬硬倾向的材料，修磨后尚应作磁粉检测或渗透检测。7.2.14Ifusingoxyacetyleneflametocutweldedfixtureonalloysteelpipeline,shallcutatthepoint3mmawayfromsurfaceofthepipeline,andthengrindthesurfacewithgrindingwheel.Magneticparticletestshallbedoneformaterialthatmaybequenchedaftergrinding.7.3　焊接工艺要求Requirementforweldingprocedure7.3.1　不得在焊件表面引弧或试验电流。设计温度低于-29℃的管道、不锈钢及淬硬倾向较大的合金钢管道，焊件表面不得有电弧擦伤等缺陷。7.3.1Can’tgeneratethearcortestcurrentonsurfaceofweldment.Thereshallbenoabrasivearconsurfaceofweldmentonpipelinewithdesigntemperaturelowerthan-29℃,stainlesssteelpipelineoralloysteelpipelinewithtrendofhardenquenching.7.3.2　内部清洁要求较高的管道、机器入口管道及设计文件规定的其他管道的单面焊焊缝，应采用氩弧焊进行根部焊道焊接。7.3.2Forinconelweldsofpipelinewithhighrequirementforcleannessofitsinner,inletpipelineformachineandotherpipelinesspecifiedinthedesigndocument,rootweldbeadshallbeweldedwithargonarc.7.3.3　在焊接中应确保起弧与收弧的质量。收弧时应将弧坑填满，多层焊的层间接头应相互错开。7.3.3Qualityofarcstartingandarcstoppingshallbeguaranteed.Arccratershallbefilledupwhenstoppingarc.Interlayerjointsofmultilayerweldingshallbestagger.---\n---7.3.4　除焊接工艺有特殊要求外，每条焊缝应一次连续焊完。如因故被迫中断，应采取防裂措施。再焊时必须进行检查，确认无裂纹后方可继续施焊。7.3.4Eachseamshallbeweldedonceexcepttherearespecialrequirements.Ifitisinterrupted,crackcontrolmeasuresshallbetaken.Weldingcanbecontinuedwhenthereisnocrack.7.3.5 　管道冷拉伸或冷压缩的焊接接头组对时所使用的工、卡具，应待该焊接接头的焊接及热处理工作完毕后，方可拆除。7.3.5Toolsandfixturesusedforassemblyofweldjointsonpipelinebycooldrawingorcompressionshallberemovedafterweldingandheattreatmentofweldjoints.7.3.6　公称直径等于或大于500mm的管道，宜采用单面焊接双面成形的焊接工艺或在焊缝内侧根部进行封底焊；公称直径小于500mm的SHA和SHD级管道的焊缝底层应采用氩弧焊。7.3.6Weldingproceduresofsingle-sideweldingandbothsidesformingorsealingrunatrootofinnersideofseammaybeadoptedforpipelinewhosenominaldiameteris≧500mm.BasecoatofweldjointonSHAandSHDlevelpipelinewhosenominaldiameterislessthan500mmshallbeweldedwithargonarc.7.3.7　奥氏体不锈钢管道焊接，应按下列要求：　　a)单面焊焊缝宜用手工钨极氩弧焊焊接焊缝底层，管内应充氩气或氮气保护；　　b)在保证焊透及熔合良好的条件下，应选用小的焊接工艺参数、采用短电弧和多层多道焊接工艺，层间温度应按焊接作业指导书予以控制；　　c)有耐腐蚀性要求的双面焊焊缝，与介质接触一侧应最后施焊。7.3.7Requirementsforweldingofausteniticstainlesssteel:a)Basecoatofinconelweldshallbeweldedwithmanualargontungsten-arcweldingmethod.Thepipelineshallbechargedwithargonornitrogenforprotection.b)Underthepreconditionofcompletepenetrationandsatisfactoryfusion,smallparametersforweldingprocedure,shortarcandmultilayerandmultipassweldingprocedureshallbeadopted.Interpasstemperatureshallbecontrolledaccordingtoweldingoperationinstruction.c)Seamofbothsidesweldingwithrequirementsforitsresistancetocorrosionshallbeweldedtomediumattheend.7.3.8　奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头焊后应按设计文件规定进行酸洗与钝化处理。7.3.8Afterwelding,picklingandpassivatingtreatmentofweldjointsofausteniticstainlesssteelpipeshallbecarriedout.7.3.9　焊接完毕后，应及时将焊缝表面的熔渣及附近的飞溅物清理干净。7.3.9Afterwelding,slagandsplashnearbyshallbecleanedoff.7.4　预热与热处理Preheatingandheattreatment7.4.1　管道组成件焊前预热应按表8的规定进行。中断焊接后需要继续焊接时，应重新预热。7.4.1Preheatingofelementsofpipelinebeforeweldingshallbecarriedoutaccordingtotable8.Ifweldingisinterrupted,theelementsshallberepreheatedbeforewelding.---\n---表8　管道组成件焊前预热要求Table8RequirementsforPreheatingofElementsofPipelineBeforeWelding钢种或钢号Steeltypeorgrade壁厚Wallthicknessmm预热温度Preheatingtemperature℃10,20≥26100~20016Mn,12CrMo≥15150~20015CrMo≥12150~20012Cr1Mov≥6200~3001Cr5Mo任意Random250~3502.25Ni,3.5Ni任意Random100~1507.4.2　当环境温度低于0℃时，除奥氏体不锈钢外，无预热要求的钢种，在始焊处100mm范围内，应预热到15℃以上。7.4.2Whenambienttemperatureislowerthan0℃,exceptausteniticstainlesssteelpipe,thesurfacefromweldingpointto100mmawayofsteelwithoutpreheatingrequirementshallbepreheatedtoover15℃.7.4.3　异种钢焊接预热应按SH3526的规定进行。7.4.3PreheatingofspecialsteelshallmeetSH3526.7.4.4　预热应在坡口两侧均匀进行，内外热透并防止局部过热。加热区以外100mm范围应予以保温。7.4.4Preheatingshallbeuniformlycarriedoutatbothsidesofgroove.Innerandoutershallbeheated.Localoverheatingshallbeprevented.Rangeof100mmfromheatingareashallbeinsulated.7.4.5　预热范围应为坡口中心两侧各不小于壁厚的3倍，有淬硬倾向或易产生延迟裂纹的材料，两侧各不小于壁厚的5倍，且不小大100mm。7.4.5Preheatingrangeisfromtwosidesofcenterofgrooveto3timesofwallthicknessaway.Formaterialwithtrendofhardenquenchingordelayedcracking,therangeshallbefromtwosidesofcenterofgrooveto5timesofwallthicknessawayandbenotlessthan100mm.7.4.6　管道焊接接头的热处理，应在焊后及时进行。常用钢材焊接接头的热处理温度，宜按表9的规定确定。7.4.6Heattreatmentofweldjointsshallbecarriedoutafterwelding.Temperatureforheattreatmentofweldjointsofcommonsteelpipeshallbeconfirmedaccordingtotable9.---\n---表9　常用钢材焊接接头热处理Table9HeatTreatmentofWeldjointsofCommonSteel钢种或钢号Steeltypeorgrade壁厚Wallthicknessmm预热温度Preheatingtemperature℃10,20≥30600~65016Mn≥19600~65012CrMo≥19650~70015CrMo,12Cr1Mov≥13700~7501Cr5Mo任意Random750~7802.25Ni,3.5Ni≥19600~630注1：有应力腐蚀的管道焊接接头，应按设计文件要求进行焊后消除应力的热处理。注2：非合金钢管道焊接接头，壁厚为19mm~29mm时，焊后应保温缓冷。Notes:1.Heattreatmentforrelievingofstressshallbedoneforweldjointsofpipehavingstresscorrosion.2.Weldjointsofnon-alloysteelpipewithwallthicknessof19mm~29mmshallbeinsulatedafterwelding.7.4.7　易产生延迟裂纹的焊接接头，焊接时应严格保持层间温度，焊后应立即均匀加热至300℃~350℃保温缓冷，并及时进行热处理。7.4.7Interpasstemperatureofweldjointswithtrendofdelayedcrackingshallbepreservedduringwelding.Afterwelding,heattheweldjointsto300℃~350℃andpreservethetemperature.Heattreatmentshallbeimmediatelycarriedout.7.4.8　热处理的加热范围为焊缝两侧各不少于焊缝宽度的3倍，且不少于25mm。加热区以外100mm范围内应予以保温，且管道端口应封闭。7.4.8Heatingrangeisfromtwosidesofseamtoatleast3timesofwallthicknessawayandnotlessthan25mm.Rangeof100mmfromheatingareashallbeinsulated.Mouthofpipeshallbesealed.7.4.9　热处理的加热速度、恒温时间及冷却速度，应符合下列要求：　　a)加热升温至300℃后，加热速度应按5125/δ℃/h计算，且不大于220℃/h　　b)恒温时间应按下列规定计算，且总恒温时间均不得少于30min。在恒温期间，各测点的温度均应在热处理温度规定的范围内，其差值不得大于50℃；1)非合金钢为每毫米壁厚2min~2.5min；2)合金钢为每毫米壁厚3min；　　c)恒温后的冷却速度应按6500/δ℃/h计算，且不大于260℃/h。冷至300℃后可自然冷却。注：δ为管子壁厚，mm7.4.9Heatingrate,constanttimeandcoolingrateforheattreatmentshallmeetfollowingrequirements:a)Whentemperaturereaches300℃,theheatingrateshallbecalculatedwithformula5125/δ℃/handnothigherthan220℃/h.b)Constanttimeshallbecalculatedaccordingtofollowingrequirements.Totalconstanttimecan’tbelessthan30min.Duringtheperiod,temperatureofallmeasuringpointsshallbewithinthespecifiedrangeandthedifferencecan’tbelargerthan50℃.1)Fornon-alloysteel,2min~2.5min/mm;---\n---1)Foralloysteel,3min/mm.b)Coolingrateafterconstanttimeshallbecarriedoutwithformula6500/δ℃/handnotlargerthan260℃/h.Whentemperaturedropsto300℃,thepipelinecan’becooledbyradiation.Notes:δiswallthicknessofpipe,mm.7.4.10　异种钢焊接接头的焊后热处理，应按SH3526的规定进行。7.4.10HeattreatmentofweldjointsofspecialsteelshallmeetSH3526.7.4.11　焊后需要进行消除应力热处理的管段，可采用整体热处理的方法，但该管段上不得带有焊接阀门。7.4.11Integralheattreatmentofpipelineafterweldingmaybecarriedoutforrelievingofstress.Thepipelineshallhavenoweldedvalve.7.4.12　已经进行焊后热处理的管道上，应避免直接焊接非受压件，如果不能避免，若同时满足下列条件，焊后可不再进行热处理：　　a)管道为非合金钢或碳锰钢材料；　　b)角焊缝的计算厚度不大于10mm；　　c)按评定合格的焊接工艺施焊；　　d)角焊缝进行100%表面无损检测。7.4.12Unpressurizedelementscan’tbedirectlyweldedonpipelineafterheatingtreatment.Ifitisunavoidable,heattreatmentcanbeomittedafterweldingiffollowingconditionsaremet:a)Thepipelineismadeofnon-alloysteelorcarbonmagneticsteel.b)Calculatedthicknessoffilletweldisnotlargerthan10mm.c)Qualifiedweldingprocedureisadopted.d)Nondestructivetestiscarriedoutforsurfaceof10%offilletwelds.7.4.13　经焊后热处理合格的部位，不得再从事焊接作业，否则应重新进行热处理。7.4.13Afterheattreatment,weldingcan’tbecarriedoutonqualifiedpart.Otherwise,heattreatmentshallbecarriedoutagain.7.5　质量检验Qualityinspection7.5.1　检验焊接接头前，应按检验方法的要求，对焊接接头的表面进行相应处理。7.5.1Surfaceofweldjointsshallbetreatedaccordingtotherequirementbeforeinspectionofweldjoints.7.5.2　焊缝外观应成型良好，宽度以每边盖过坡口边缘2mm为宜。角焊缝的焊脚高度应符合设计文件规定，外形应平缓过渡。7.5.2Appearanceofweldjointsshallbesatisfactory.Bothedgesofweldjointshallcover2mmwidthoftwoedgesofgroove.Heightoflegshallmeetthedesigndocument.Thesurfaceshallbesmooth7.5.3　焊接接头表面的质量应符合下列要求：a)不得有裂纹、未熔合、气孔、夹渣、飞溅存在；---\n---　　b）设计温度低于-29℃的管道、不锈钢和淬硬倾向较大的合金钢管道焊缝表面，不得有咬边现象；其他材质管道焊缝咬边深度不应大于0.5mm，连续咬边长度不应大于100mm，且焊缝两侧咬边总长不大于该焊缝全长的10%；c)焊缝表面不得低于管道表面，焊缝余高Δh应符合下列要求：1)100%射线检测焊接接头，其Δh≤1+0.2b1，且不大于2mm；2)其余的焊接接头，Δh≤1+0.2b1，且不大于3mm。　　　注：b1为焊接接头组对后坡口的最大宽度，mm。7.5.3Requirementsforqualityofweldjoint’ssurface:a)Nocrack,notfusional,bubble,slag,splash;b)Surfaceofseamofpipelinewithdesigntemperaturelowerthan-29℃,stainlesssteelpipelineandalloysteelpipelinewithtrendofhardenquenchingshallbefreefromundercut.Depthforundercutofweldjointsofotherpipelinescan’tbelargerthan0.5mm.Continuouslengthforundercutcan’tbelongerthan100mm.Totallengthforundercutattwosidesofseamcan’texceed10%oftotallengthoftheseam.c)Surfaceofseamcan’tbelowerthanthatofpipeline.ExcessweldmetalΔhshallmeetfollowingrequirements:1)After100%radialtestforweldjoints:Δh≦1+0.1b1,notlargerthan2mm;2)Otherweldjoints:Δh≦1+0.2b1,notlargerthan3mm.Notes:b1ismax.widthofgrooveafterassemblyofweldjoints,mm.7.5.4　管道焊接接头的无损检测应按JB4730进行焊缝缺陷等级评定，并符合下列要求：　　a)射线检测时，射线透照质量等级不得低于AB级，焊接接头经射线检测后的合格等级应符合表10的规定；　　b)超声波检测时，管道焊接接头经检测后的合格标准如下：　　　1)规定进行100%超声波检测的焊接接头I级合格；　　　2)局部进行超声波检测的焊接接头II级合格；　　c)磁粉检测和渗透检测的焊接接头I级合格。7.5.4ResultsofnondestructivetestforweldjointsshallbegradedaccordingtoJB4730.Followingrequirementsshallbemet:a)Forradialtest,qualitygradeofradialtransilluminationcan’tbelowerthanGradeAB,andthatofweldjointsshallmeettable10;b)Forsupersonictest,approvalstandardforweldjointsareasfollows:1)Forweldjointsof100%supersonictest,gradeⅠ.2)Forweldjointsoflocalsupersonictest,gradeⅡ.c)Formagneticparticletestandpenetrationtest,gradeⅠ.7.5.5　每名焊工焊接的对接焊焊接接头的射线检测百分率应符合表10的规定，并在被检测的焊接接头中，固定焊的焊接接头不得少于检测数量的40%，且不少于1个焊接接头，射线检测百分率计算原则如下：　　a)按设计文件给出的同管道级别、同检测比例、同材料类别的管线编号计算；---\n---　　b)当管道公称直径小于500mm时，按焊接接头数量计算；　　c)当管道公称直径等于或大于500mm时，按每个焊接接头的焊缝长度计算。7.5.5Percentageofradialtestforweldjointsofbuttweldingoperatedbyeachweldershallmeettable10.Weldjointsofstationaryweldingshallbenotlessthan40%oftotaltestedjointsandatleastoneweldjointofstationaryweldingshallbetested.Principleforpercentagecalculationofradialtestisasfollows:a)Accordingtonumbersofpipelinesofthesamelevel,testproportionandmaterialcategoryspecifiedinthedesigndocument.b)Accordingtoquantityofweldjointswhennominaldiameterofpipelineislessthan500mm.c)Accordingtolengthofseamofeachweldjointwhennominaldiameterofpipelineis≧500mm.7.5.6　每名焊工焊接的标准抗拉强度下限值σb≥540MPa的钢材、设计温度低于-29℃的非奥氏体不锈钢、Cr-Mo低合金钢管道，其承插和焊接支管的焊接接头及其他角焊缝，应采用磁粉检测或渗透检测方法检查焊缝的表面质量，检测百分率按表10的规定执行。7.5.6Forweldjointsofsocketbranchpipeandweldedbranchpipelineandotherfilletweldsofsteelpipelinewithlowerlimitofstandardtensilestrengthab≧540MPa,non-austeniticstainlesssteelpipelinewithdesigntemperaturelowerthan-29℃,Cr-Molowalloysteelpipelineweldedbyeachwelder,magneticparticletestorpenetrationtestshallbedonetotesttheirsurfacequality.Percentageoftestshallmeettable10.7.5.7抽样检测的焊接接头宜覆盖本规范7.5.5a)项涉及的不同管径，检测位置应由质量检查员根据焊工和现场的情况随机确定。7.5.7WeldjointsofdifferentdiametersofpipelinesspecifiedinClause7.5.5a)shallbetested.Testpointsshallbeconfirmedbythequalitycontrolleraccordingtooperationofwelderandactualsituation.7.5.8　无损检测时，当设计文件规定采用超声波检测，应按设计文件规定执行；当设计文件规定采用射线检测但由于条件限制需改用超声波检测代替时，应征得设计单位同意。7.5.8Supersonictestshallbedoneifspecifiedinthedesigndocument.Ifsupersonictesthastoreplacetheradialtestlimitedbyactualconditionthoughitisspecifiedinthedesigndocumentthatradialtestshallbedone,itshallbeapprovedofbythedesignunit.7.5.9　按本规范7.5.5条规定进行焊接接头抽样检验，若有不合格时，应按该焊工的不合格数加倍检验，若仍有不合格，则应全部检验。7.5.9SamplinginspectionofweldjointsshallbecarriedoutaccordingtoClause7.5.5.Ifthereisunqualifiedweldjoint,doubleofunqualifiedquantityofoneweldershallbeinspected.Iftherestillisunqualifiedweldjoint,allweldjointsshallbeinspected.表10　焊接接头射线检测百分率及合格等级---\n---Table10PercentageandQualifiedGradeofRadialTestforWeldingJoint管道级别ClassificationofPiping输送介质Mediumfortransportation设计压力PMPa(表压)DesignpressurepMpa(gagepressure)设计温度tDesigntemperaturet℃检测百分率Testpercentage%合格等级QualifiedGradeSHA毒性程度为极度危害介质(苯除外)和毒性程度为高度危险介质的丙烯腈、光气、二硫化碳和氟化氢Utmosthazardmedium(exceptbenzene)andhighhazardAcrylon,carbonylchloride,carbondisulfideandhydrogenfluoride任意Random任意Random100II有毒、可燃介质HypertoxicandcombustiblemediumP≥10.0任意Random100IISHB有毒、可燃介质Hypertoxicandcombustiblemedium4.0≤P＜10.0t≥400100II毒性程度为极度危害介质的苯、毒性程度为高度危害介质(丙烯腈、光气、二硫化碳和氟化氢除外)和甲A类液化烃Utmosthazardbenzene,highhazardmedium(exceptAcrylon,carbonylchloride,carbondisulfideandhydrogenfluoride),andCategoryAAliquifiedhydrocarbonP＜10.0-29≤t<40020IIP＜4.0t≥40020II甲类、乙类可燃气体和甲B类、乙A类可燃液体CategoryAandCategoryBcombustiblegas,TypeAbandTypeBacombustibleliquidP<10.0-29≤t<40010IIP＜4.0t≥40010IISHC毒性程度为中度、轻度危害介质和乙B类、丙类可燃介质ModerateandnegligiblemediumandcategoryBBandCcombustiblemedium4.0≤P＜10.0t≥400100IIP＜10.0-29≤t<4005IIIP＜4.0t≥4005IIISHD有毒、可燃介质Hypertoxicandcombustiblemedium任意Randomt<-29100II7.5.10　不合格的焊缝同一部位的返修次数，非合金钢管道不得超过3次，其余钢种管道不得超过两次。7.5.10Fornon-alloysteelpiping,Thetimeofreworkforthesameplaceofaunqualifiedweldseamshallnotbemorethan3;whilethatofothertypesofsteelpipingshallnotbemorethan2.7.5.11　焊接接头热处理后，首先应确认热处理自动记录曲线，然后在焊缝及热影响区各取一点测定硬度值。抽检数不得少于20%，且不少于一次。7.5.11Afterheattreatment,theself-recordedcurveshallbeconfirmedinpriority,andthenthehardnessvaluesshallbemeasuredattwopoints,onefromtheweldseamandtheotherfromtheheataffectedzone.Theratioofsamplingfortestshallnotbelessthan20%,andthenumbershallnotbelessthan1.---\n---7.5.12　热处理后焊缝的硬度值，不宜超过母材标准布氏硬度值加100HB，且应符合下列规定：　　a)合金总含量小于3%，不大于270HB；　　b)合金总含量3%~10%，不大于300HB；　　c)合金总含量大于10%，不大于350HB。7.5.12Afterheattreatment,thehardnessvalueoftheweldseamshallnotexceedthetotalvalueofBrinellhardnessplus100HB,besidestheflowingspecifications:a)Ifthetotalalloycontentislessthan3%,thehardnessvalueshallnotbemorethan270HB;b)Ifthetotalalloycontentiswithin3%~10%,thehardnessvalueshallnotbemorethan300HB;c)Ifthetotalalloycontentismorethan10%,thehardnessvalueshallnotbemorethan350HB.7.5.13　热处理自动记录曲线异常，且被查部件的硬度值超过规定范围时，应按班次加倍复检，并查明原因，对不合格焊接接头重新进行热处理。7.5.13Incasetheself-recordedcurveindicatesabnormalitiesandthehardnessvalueoftheinspectedpartexceedthespecifiedscope,doublerecheckshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothetrick;furthermore,thereasonshallbefoundoutandallunqualifiedweldingjointsshallbearanewheattreatment.7.5.14　无损检测和硬度测定完成后，应填写相应的检测报告与检测记录。7.5.14Uponthecompletionofnondestructiveexaminationandhardnessinspection,therelevantinspectionreportorrecordshallbewritten.7.5.15　进行无损检测的管道，应在单线图上标明焊缝编号、焊工代号、焊接位置、无损检测方法、返修焊缝位置、扩探焊缝位置等可追溯性标识。　　进行焊接接头热处理的管道，还应在单线图上标明热处理及硬度试验的焊缝编号。7.5.15Forpipingundernondestructiveexamination,sometraceablemarkingsshallbemadeonthelinediagram,suchasS/Nofweldseam,codeofwelder,positionofwelding,methodfornondestructiveexamination,positionofweldseamforrework,positionofweldseamforexpandeddetection,etc..Forpipingwhoseweldingjointsareunderheattreatment,theS/Nofweldseamforheattreatmentandhardnesstestshallalsobeindicated.8　管道系统试验Testforpipingsystem8.1　管道系统压力试验Pressuretestforpipingsystem8.1.1　管道系统压力试验，应按设计文件要求，在管道安装完毕、热处理和无损检测合格后进行。8.1.1Pursuanttothedesigndocument,thepressuretestforpipingsystemshallbeconductedafterthecompletionofpipingerectionandheattreatmentaswellaspassingthenondestructiveexamination.---\n---8.1.2　管道系统试压前，应由建设/监理单位、施工单位和有关部门对下列资料进行审查确认：　　a)管道组成件、焊材的制造厂质量证明文件；　　b)管道组成件、焊材的校验性检查或试验记录；　　c)SHA级管道弯管加工记录、管端的螺纹和密封面加工记录；　　d)管道系统隐蔽工程记录；　　e)符合本规范7.5.15条要求的单线图；　　f)无损检测报告；　　g)焊接接头热处理记录及硬度试验报告；　　h)静电接地测试记录；　　i)设计变更及材料代用文件。8.1.2Allthefollowingdatashallbereviewedandconfirmedbytheemployer/supervisionunit,constructionunitandotherrelevantdepartmentspriortopressuretest:a)Qualitycertificationreleasedbythemanufacturersofconstituentelementsandweldingmaterialsforpiping;b)Recordsofstandardcheckortestforconstituentelementsandweldingmaterialsforpiping;c)TheprocessingrecordsofelbowofSHApiping,screwthreadatthepipingendsandthesealingsurface;d)Recordsofconcealedworkofpipingsystem;e)LinediagramconformingtoClause7.5.15ofthisSpecification;f)Reportofnondestructiveexamination;g)Recordsofheattreatmentofweldingjointsandreportofhardnesstest;h)Recordsofstaticearthingtest;i)Designalterationandmaterialsubstitutiondocument;8.1.3　管道系统试压前，应由施工单位、建设/监理单位和有关部门联合检查确认下列条件：　　a)管道系统全部按设计文件安装完毕；　　b)管道支、吊架的型式、材质、安装位置正确，数量齐全，紧固程度、焊接质量合格；　　c)焊接及热处理工作已全部完成；　　d)合金钢管道的材质标识明显清楚；　　e)焊缝及其他需进行检查的部位不应隐蔽；　　f)试压用的临时加固措施符合要求，临时盲板加置正确，标志明显，记录完整；　　g)试压用的检测仪表的量程、精度等级、检定期符合要求；　　h)有经批准的试压方案，并经技术交底。8.1.3Allthefollowingconditionsshallbejointlycheckedandconfirmedbytheemployer/supervisionunit,constructionunitandotherrelevantdepartmentspriortopressuretest:a)Thewholepipingsystemisinstalledaccordingtothedesigndocument;b)Model,materialqualityandmountedpositionofthesupportandtrapezeofpipingshallbedulycorrect;thequantityiscomplete;theleveloftightnessandthequalityofweldingaresatisfied;c)Allworkofweldingandheattreatmentarecompleted;d)Markingofmaterialqualityofalloysteelpipingisobviousandclear;---\n---a)Weldseamandotherpartsneedinginspectionshallnotbeconcealed;b)Thetemporaryfasteningmeasuresforpressuretestareincompliancewiththerequirement;thetemporaryblindplateisatcorrectposition,withobviousmarkingandcompleterecords;c)Themeasurementrange,precisionandverificationperiodoftheinstrumentisinconformitywiththerequirement;d)Approvedprogramofpressuretestisavailable,withtechnicalclarification.8.1.4　管道系统的压力试验应以液体进行。液压试验确有困难时，可用气压试验代替，但应符合下列条件，并有经施工单位技术总负责人批准的安全措施：　　a)公称直径小于或等于300mm、试验压力小于或等于1.6MPa的管道系统；　　b)公称直径大于300mm、试验压力等于或小于0.6MPa的管道系统；c)脆性材料管道组成件未经液压试验合格，不得参加管道系统气体压力试验；　　d)不符合本条a)、b)的管道系统必须用气压试验代替时，其所有的焊接接头应经无损检测合格。8.1.4Liquidshallbeadoptedforpressuretestforpipingsystem.Incaseitisdifficulttoconducthydraulicpressuretest,airpressuretestcanbeadoptassubstitution,butthefollowingrequirementsmustbesatisfied,withsecuritymeasuresapprovedbythechieftechnicalin-chargeoftheconstructionunit:a)Pipingsystemwithnominaldiameter≤300mmandtestpressure≤1.6Mpa;b)Pipingsystemwithnominaldiameter＞300mmandtestpressure≤0.6Mpa;c)Theconstituentelementsmadeoffragilematerialshallnotbebroughtintotheairpressuretestbeforetheyarepassthehydraulicpressuretest;d)Forpipingsystemoutofthescopeofa)andb)ofthisclausethatmustadoptairpressuretestinsteadofhydraulicpressuretest,allofitsweldingjointsshallpassthenondestructiveexaminationbeforethetest.8.1.5　压力试验的压力应符合下列规定：　　a)真空管道为0.2MPa；　　b)液体压力试验的压力为设计压力的1.5倍；　　c)气体压力试验的压力为设计压力的1.15倍。8.1.5Thepressureusedforthepressuretestshallconformtothefollowing:a)0.2Mpaforvacuumpiping;b)Thepressureofthehydraulicpressuretestshallbe1.5timesofthedesignpressure;c)Thepressureoftheairpressuretestshallbe1.15timesofthedesignpressure.8.1.6管道压力试验时，试验温度、应力值应符合下列规定：8.1.6Duringtheprocessofpressuretestforpiping,valuesofthetesttemperatureandstressshallconformtothefollowing:a)当设计温度高于试验温度时，管道的试验压力应按公式(1)核算：a)Whenthedesigntemperatureishigherthanthetesttemperature,thetestpressureofthepipingshallbecalculatedbyFormula(1):[б]1Pt=KP0---\n---······································(1)[б]2式中：K－系数，液体压力试验取1.5，气体压力试验取1.15；　　　Pt－试验压力，MPa；　　　P0－设计压力，MPa；[б]1－试验温度下材料的许用应力，MPa；[б]2－设计温度下材料的许用应力，MPa。Here:K-coefficient,whichis1.5forhydraulicpressuretestand1.15forairpressuretest;P1-testpressure,Mpa;P0-designpressure,Mpa;1-allowablestressofthematerialintesttemperature,Mpa;2-allowablestressofthematerialindesigntemperature,Mpa;　　b)液体压力试验时的应力值，不得超过试验温度下材料屈服点的90%；　　b)Thevalueofstressunderhydraulicpressuretestshallnotexceed90%oftheyieldpointofthematerialintesttemperature;c)气体压力试验时的应力值，不得超过试验温度下材料屈服点的80%。c)Thevalueofstressunderairpressuretestshallnotexceed80%oftheyieldpointofthematerialintesttemperature;8.1.7　液体压力试验应用洁净水进行，当生产工艺有要求时，可用其他液体。奥氏体不锈钢管道用水试验时，水中的氯离子含量不得超过25mg/L。8.1.7Cleanwatershallbeusedforhydraulicpressuretest;otherliquidmaybeusedotherwiserequiredbytheproductionprocess.Whenwaterisadoptedforhydraulicpressuretestforausteniticstainlesssteelpiping,thecontentofchlorideioninthewatershallnotbemorethan25mg/L.8.1.8　液体压力试验时液体的温度，当设计文件未规定时，应符合下列要求：　　a)非合金钢和低合金钢的管道系统，液体温度不得低于5℃；　　b)合金钢的管道系统，液体温度不得低于15℃，且应高于相应金属材料的脆性转变温度。8.1.8Theliquidtemperatureforhydraulicpressuretestshallconformtothefollowingifitisnotspecifiedindesigndocument:a)Forpipingsystemmadeofnon-alloysteelorlowalloysteel,theliquidtemperatureshallnotbelowerthan5℃;b)Forpipingsystemmadeofalloysteel,theliquidtemperatureshallnotbelowerthan15℃andshallbehigherthanthebrittletransitiontemperatureoftherelevantmetalmaterial.8.1.9　因试验压力不同或其他原因不能参与管道系统试压的设备、仪表、安全阀、爆破片等应加置盲板隔离，并有明显标志。8.1.9Anyequipment,instrument,reliefvalveorblastingplatethatcannotbebroughtintopressuretestforpipingsystemduetodifferenttestpressureorotherreasonsshallbeindicatedwithobviousmarking.8.1.10　液体压力试验时，必须排净系统内的空气。升压应分级缓慢，达到试验压力后停压10min，然后降至设计压力，停压30min，不降压、无泄漏和无变形为合格。---\n---8.1.10Priortothehydraulicpressuretest,theairinthesystemshallbecompletelyexhausted.Boostingshallbecarriedoutslowlyandstepbystepanditshallstopfor10minwhenthepressurereachesthetestpressure;then,thepressureshallbelowereddowntothedesignpressureandstopfor30min;ifthepressuredoesnotdropandnoleakageordeformationoccurs,thepipingsystemisdeemedtobequalified;8.1.11　气体压力试验时，必须用空气或其他无毒、不可燃气体介质进行预试验。预试验压力应根据气体压力试验压力的大小，在0.1MPa~0.5MPa的范围内选取。8.1.11Priortotheairpressuretest,atrialtestshallbecarriedoutusingairorothernontoxicandincombustiblegas.Thepressurefortrialtestshalldependonthetestpressureofairpressuretestandbechosenwithinthescopeof0.1Mpa~0.5Mpa.8.1.12　气体压力的试验时，试验温度必须高于金属材料的脆性转变温度。8.1.12Duringtheairpressuretest,thetesttemperatureshallbehigherthanthebrittletransitiontemperatureofthemetalmaterial.8.1.13　气体压力试验时，应逐步缓慢增加压力。当压力升至试验压力的50%时，稳压3min，未发现异常或泄漏，继续按试验压力的10%逐级升压，每级稳压3min，直至试验压力，稳压10min，再将压力降至设计压力，涂刷中性发泡剂对试压系统进行仔细巡回检查，无泄漏为合格。8.1.13Duringtheairpressuretest,boostingshallbecarriedoutslowlyandstepbystep.Whenthepressureisboostedto50%ofthetestpressure,stabilizethepressurefor3min;ifnoabnormalityorleakageoccurs,continuetheboostingstepbysteponthebasisof10%ofthetestpressure,3minofpressurestabilizationforeachsteptillthetestpressure;thenstabilizethepressurefor10minandthenlowerthepressuredowntothedesignpressure;thenbrushthepipingsystemwithneutralfoamingagentandcheckthewholesystemcarefully,ifnoleakageisfound,thepipingsystemisdeemedtobequalified.8.1.14　试压过程中若有泄漏，不得带压修理。缺陷消除后应重新试验。8.1.14Ifanyleakageisfoundduringtheprocessofpressuretest,repairshallnotbeconductedwiththepressure.Upontheremovalofthedefect,anewtestshallbecarriedout.8.1.15　管道系统试压合格后，应缓慢降压。试验介质宜在室外合适地点排净，排放时应考虑反冲力作用及安全环保要求。8.1.15Oncethepipingsystempassesthepressuretest,thepressureshallbelowereddownslowly.Alltestmediumsshallbedischargedataproperplaceoutside;attentionshallbepaidtotheimpactofrecoilaswellastherequirementforsafetyandenvironmentalprotection.8.1.16　管道系统试压完毕，应及时拆除所用的临时盲板，核对盲板加置记录，并填写管道系统试压记录。8.1.16Uponthecompletionofpressuretestforpipingsystem,alltemporaryblindplatesshallbedismantledintime;theerectionrecordoftheblindplateshallbecheckedandtherecordsofpressuretestforpipingsystemshallalsobefilledout.8.2　管道系统吹扫---\n---Sweepingforpipingsystem8.2.1　管道系统压力试验合格后，应进行吹扫。吹扫可采用人工清扫、水冲洗、空气吹扫等方法。公称直径大于600mm的管道，宜用人工清扫；公称直径小于600mm的管道，宜用洁净水或空气进行冲洗或吹扫。8.2.1Oncethepipingsystempassesthepressuretest,sweepingshallbecarriedout.Suchmeasuresasmanualclearing,waterflushingorairsweepingcanbetakenforsweeping.Manualclearingismoresuitableforpipingwithanominaldiameterlargerthan600mm;whilecleanwaterflushingorairsweepingismoresuitableforpipingwithanominaldiametersmallerthan600mm.8.2.2　管道系统吹扫前，应编制吹扫方案，经审查批准后，向参与吹扫的人员进行技术交底。8.2.2Aprogramofsweepingshallbeformulatedpriortothesweepingforpipingsystem.Afterthesaidprogramisapproved,atechnicalclarificationshallbecarriedouttowardsthepersonnelinvolvedinsweeping.8.2.3　管道系统吹扫前应符合下列要求：　　a)不应安装孔板法兰连接的调节阀、节流阀、安全阀、仪表件等，并对已焊在管道上的阀门和仪表采取相应的保护措施；　　b)不参与系统吹扫的设备及管道系统，应与吹扫系统隔离；　c)管道支架、吊架要牢固，必要时应予以加固。8.2.3Thepipingsystemshallconformtothefollowingrequirementsbeforesweeping:a)Regulatingvalve,throttlevalve,reliefvalveorinstrumentconnectedtotheorificeflangeshallnotbemounted;protectivemeasuresshallbetakentothevalvesandinstrumentsalreadyweldedtothepiping.b)Equipmentorpipingsystemthatisnotinvolvedinsweepshallbeinsulatedfromthesweepingsystem;c)Allsupportsandtrapezesshallbetightlymounted;ifnecessary,theyshallbereinforced.8.2.4　冲洗奥氏体不锈钢管道系统时，水中氯离子含量不得超过25mg/L。8.2.4Whenflushingisconductedtoausteniticstainlesssteelpipingsystem,thecontentofchlorideioninthewatershallnotbemorethan25mg/L.8.2.5　吹扫压力不得超过容器和管道系统的设计压力。8.2.5Thepressureofsweepingshallnotexceedthedesignpressureofthecontainerorthepipingsystem.8.2.6　管道系统水冲洗时，宜以最大流量进行冲洗，流速不得小于1.5m/s。8.2.6Themaximumwaterflowshallbeusedforwaterflushingforpipingsystem,withaflowratenotlessthan1.5m/s.8.2.7　水冲洗后的管道系统，用目测排出口的水色和透明度，应以出、入口的水色和透明度一致为合格。8.2.7Afterwaterflushing,thecolorandtransparencyofthewaterattheexitshallbevisuallyinspected.Oncethecolorandtransparencyofthewaterattheexitareinaccordancewiththoseattheentrance,theflushingisdeemedtobesatisfied.---\n---8.2.8　管道系统空气吹扫时，宜利用生产装置的大型压缩机和大型储气罐，进行间断性吹扫。吹扫时应以最大流量进行，空气流速不得不于20m/s。8.2.8Whenairsweepingiscarriedout,itisbettertoadoptlarge-scalecompressorandlarge-scaleairstoragetankofproductionplantforsweepingwithintervals.Duringtheprocessofweeping,themaximumairflowshallbeused,withaflowratenotlessthan20m/s.8.2.9　管道系统在空气或蒸汽吹扫过程中，应在排出口用白布或涂白色油漆的靶板检查，在5min内，靶板上无铁锈及其他杂物为合格。8.2.9Duringtheprocessofsweepingwithairorsteam,apieceofwhiteclothoratargetplatepaintedinwhiteshallbeusedattheexit,ifnorustorotherimpuritiesoccursonthetargetplate,theairsweepingisdeemedtobesatisfied.8.2.10　有特殊清洗要求的管道系统，应按专门的技术规程进行处理。8.2.10Forpipingsystemneedingspecialcleaning,thespecialtechnicalspecificationsshallbefollowed.8.2.11　吹扫的顺序应按主管、支管、疏排管依次进行。吹出的脏物不得进入已清理合格的设备或管道系统，也不得随地排放污染环境。8.2.11Sweepingshallbeconductedinthefollowingorder:mainpiping,branchpipinganddrainagepiping.Thedischargedimpuritiesshallnotbeallowedtoenterthewell-cleanedequipmentorpipingsystemordischargedeverywheretopollutetheenvironment.8.2.12　经吹扫合格的管道系统，应及时恢复原状，并填写管道系统吹扫记录。8.2.12Aftersweeping,thequalifiedpipingsystemshallberestoredintime;recordsofsweepingshallbedulyfilledout.8.3　气体泄漏性试验及真空度试验Gasleakagetestandtestofvacuumdegree8.3.1　管道系统的气体泄漏性试验，应按设计文件规定进行，试验压力为设计压力。8.3.1Gasleakagetestforpipingsystemshallbecarriedoutaccordingthedesigndocument;thetestpressureshallbethedesignpressure.8.3.2　气体泄漏性试验应符合下列规定：　　a)泄漏性试验应在压力试验合格后进行，试验介质宜采用空气；　　b)泄漏性试验可结合装置试车同时进行；　　c)泄漏性试验的检查重点应是阀门填料函、法兰或螺纹连接处、放空阀、排气阀、排水阀等；　　d)经气压试验合格，且在试验后未经拆卸的管道，可不进行气体泄漏性试验。8.3.2Gasleakagetestshallconformtothefollowingrequirement:a)Gasleakagetestshallbecarriedoutafterthepipingsystempassesthepressuretest;itisbettertoadoptairasthemedium;b)Gasleakagetestshallbecarriedoutinparalleltothetrialrun;c)Duringtheprocessofgasleakagetest,emphasisshallbeputonstuffingboxofvalve,flangeorscrewconnection,airreliefvalve,drainvalve,etc..---\n---d)Ifthepipinghaspassedtheairpressuretestandisnotdismantledaftersuchtest,itcanbeexemptedfromthegasleakagetest.8.3.3　气体泄漏性试验的试验压力应逐级缓慢上升，当达到试验压力时，停压10min后，用涂刷中性发泡剂的方法，巡回检查所有密封点，无泄漏为合格。8.3.3Thepressureofgasleakagetestshallbeboostedslowlyandstepbystep;whenthepressurereachesthetestpressure,stopsboostingfor10min,thenbrushthepipingsystemwithneutralfoamingagentandcheckallthesealedpointscarefully,ifnoleakageisfound,thepipingsystemisdeemedtobequalified.8.3.4　管道系统气体泄漏性试验合格后，应及时缓慢泄压，并填写试验记录。8.3.4Afterthepipingsystempassesthegasleakagetest,thepressureshallberelievedintimeandthetestrecordsshallbedulyfilledout.8.3.5　真空管道系统，压力试验合格后，应以0.1MPa气体进行泄漏性试验，试验按本规范8.3.2条和8.3.3条的要求进行。8.3.5Forvacuumpipingsystem,afteritpassesthepressuretest,theleakagetestshallbecarriedoutwithairof0.1Mpa,whichshallconformtoClause8.3.2and8.3.3.8.3.6　真空管道在气体泄漏性试验合格后，真空系统联动试运转时，还应进行真空度试验。8.3.6Althoughthevacuumpipingsystempassesthegasleakagetest,itshallalsobearatestofvacuumdegreepriortothelinkagetrialrunofthevacuumsystem.8.3.7　真空度试验应在温度变化较小的环境中进行。当系统内真空度达到设计文件要求时，应停止抽真空，进行系统的增压率考核。考核时间为24h，增压率按公式(2)计算，不大于5%为合格。8.3.7Testofvacuumdegreeshallbecarriedoutundertheconditionoflittletemperaturevariation.Oncethedegreeofvacuuminthesystemmeetstherequirementofthedesigndocument,vacumizingshallbestopped,followedwiththeexaminationofpressurizationrate,whichshalllastfor24h.TherateofpressurizationshallbecalculatedaccordingtoFormula(2);iftheresultisnotmorethan5%,thisexaminationisdeemedtobesatisfied.　△P=×100%………………………………………….(2)　　式中：Here:　　P1－试验初始绝压；P1－Testinitialabsolutepressure　　P2－24h时的实际绝压；P2－Actualabsolutepressureatthetimeof24h　　ΔP－24h的增压率，%。ΔP－Rateofpressurizationduringthe24h,%8.3.8　设计文件规定用卤素、氦气、氨气或其他方法进行泄漏性试验时，应按专门技术规定进行。8.3.8Ifspecifiedbythedesigndocument,halogen,helium,alkalineairorothermethodisadoptedforgasleakagetest,specialtechnicalspecificationshallbedulyfollowed.9　交工文件---\n---Handoverdocument9.1　施工单位按合同规定完成全部工程后，应及时与建设单位交接手续。9.1Theconstructionunitshalluponthecompletionofallworksasperthecontracthandletheprocedureofhandoverwiththeemployerintime.9.2　施工单位与建设/监理单位应对下列资料共同检查、确认。　　a)管道补偿器的预拉伸或预压缩记录；　　b)管道系统的压力试验、泄漏性试验、真空度试验记录；　　c)管道系统的吹扫记录；　　d)管道系统的隐蔽工程记录；　　e)爆破片、安全液封、阻火器等安全装置的安装记录，安全阀试验、调试记录。9.2Constructionunitshalltogetherwiththeemployer/supervisionunitcheckandconfirmthefollowingdata:a)Recordsofpre-drawingorprecompressionofthecompensatorofpiping;b)Recordsofpressuretest,leakagetestandtestofvacuumdegreeforpipingsystem;c)Recordsofsweepingofpipingsystem;d)Recordsoftheconcealedworksofpipingsystem;e)Recordsofinstallationofsecurityequipmentsuchasblastingplate,safeliquidseal,flamearrester,etc;recordsoftestanddebuggingofreliefvalve9.3　工程交接验收时，施工单位应向建设单位提交下列技术文件：　　a)按本规范9.2条经确认合格的资料；　　b)管道组成件、焊接材料的产品质量证明文件；　　c)管道组成件、焊接材料的验证性检验记录；　　d)SHA级管道的弯管加工记录及管端的螺纹、密封面加工记录；　　e)管道组成件检查、试验记录；　　f)符合本规范7.5.15条要求的单线图；　　g)无损检测报告；　　h)静电接地测试记录；　　　i)设计变更及材料代用文件；　　j)合金钢材料的光谱分析复查记录；k)焊接接头的热处理报告（含温度－时间自动记录曲线）及硬度检测报告；　　l)管道隔热、防腐工程施工记录；　　m)管道竣工图。9.3Atthetimeofhandover,theconstructionunitshallprovidetheemployerwiththefollowingtechnicaldocuments:a)CertifieddataasspecifiedinClause9.2b)Qualitycertificationofconstituentelementsandweldingmaterialsofpipingsystem;c)Recordsofverificationonconstituentelementsandweldingmaterialsofpipingsystem;d)TheprocessingrecordsofelbowofSHApiping,screwthreadatthepipingendsandthesealingsurface;e)Recordsofthecheckandtestofconstituentelementsofpiping;f)LinediagramasspecifiedinClause7.5.15;---\n---a)Reportofnondestructiveexamination;b)Recordsofstaticearthingtest;c)Designalterationandmaterialsubstitutiondocument;d)Recordsofrecheckofthespectrographicanalysisforalloysteelmaterials;e)Recordsofheattreatmentofweldingjoints(includingtemperature-timeself-recordedcurve)andreportofhardnesstest;f)Constructionrecordsofheatinsulationandcorrosionpreventionworks;g)As-builtdrawingofpiping.9.4　交工文件的要求和格式，应符合SH3503－2001的规定。9.4TherequirementandformofthehandoverdocumentshallconformtotheregulationofSH3503-2001.　　---\n---附录AAppendixA（资料性附录）(DataAppendix)常用有毒介质、可燃介质CommonHypertoxicandCombustibleMedium表A.1~A.3分别给出了石油化工常用有毒介质、常用可燃气体及常用液化烃、可燃液体介质。Commonhypertoxicmedium,combustiblegas,liquifiedhydrocarbonandcombustibleliquidmediumforpetrochemicalindustryarelistedintableA.1toA.3.表A.1　常用有毒介质TableA.1CommonHypertoxicMedium级别Level名　　称Name极度危害Utmosthazard汞及其化合物、砷及其无机化合物、氯乙烯、铬酸盐、重铬酸盐、黄磷、铍及其化合物、对硫磷、羰基镍、八氟异丁烯、锰及其无机化合物、氰化物、苯、氯甲醚Hganditscompound,arsenicanditsinorganiccompound,chloroethylene,chromate,bichromate,yellowphosphorous,berylliumanditscompound,parathion,carbonylnickel,octafluoroisobutylene,manganeseanditscompound,cyanide,benzene,chloroformethylether高度危害Highhazard二硝基甲苯、铅及其化合物、二硫化碳、氯、丙烯腈、四氯化碳、硫化氢、甲醛、苯胺、氟化氢、五氯酚及其钠盐、镉及其化合物、敌百虫、氯丙烯、钒及其化合物、溴甲烷、硫酸二甲酯、金属镍、甲苯二异氰酸脂、环氧氯丙烷、砷化氢、敌敌畏、光气、氯丁二烯、一氧化碳、硝基苯Dinitrotoluene,leadanditscompound,carbondisulfide,chlorine,Acrylonitrile,carbontetrachloride,hydrogensulfide,formaldehyde,aniline,hydrogenfluoride,pentachlorophenolanditssodium-base,cadmiumanditscompound,Dylox,chloropropene,vanadiumanditscompound,bromomethane,sulfuricacid,methylester,metallicnickel,phenylmethanebi-carbimidelipide,chloroepoxypropane,arsine,dichlorvos,phosgene,chloroprene,carbonmonoxide,nitrobenzene中度危害Moderatehazard二甲苯、三氯乙烯、二甲基甲酰胺、六氟丙烯、苯酚、氮氧化物、苯乙烯、甲醇、硝酸、硫酸、盐酸、甲苯Xylene,trichloroethylene,dimethylformamide,hexafluoropropylene,carbolicacid,oxyfluoride,styrene,carbinol,nitricacid,sulfuricacid,hydrochloricacid,toluene轻度危害Negligiblehazard溶剂汽油、丙酮、氢氧化钠、四氟乙烯、氨Solventgasoline,acetone,sodiumhydroxide,perfluoroethylene,ammonia表A.2　常用可燃气体TableA.2CommonCombustibleGas类别Category名　　称Name甲A乙炔、环氧乙烷、氢气、合成气、硫化氢、乙烯、氰化氢、丙烯、丁烯、丁二烯、顺丁烯、反丁烯、甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、丙二烯、环丙烷、甲胺、环丁烷、甲醛、甲醚、氯甲烷、氯乙烯、异丁烷Ethyne,epoxyethane,hydrogengas,syntheticgas,hydrogensulfide,ethene,hudrogencyanide,propylene,butene,bivinyl,syn-butylene,anti-butylene,methane,ethane,propane,butane,allene,cyclopropene,aminomethane,cyclobutane,formaldehyde,formethylether,chloromethane,vinylchloride,isobutane乙B二氧化碳、氨、溴甲烷carbondioxide,ammonia,methylbromide---\n---表A.3　常用液化烃、可燃液体TableA.3CommonLiquifiedHydrocarbonandCombustibleLiquid类别Category名　　称NameAA液化甲烷、液化天然气、液化顺式-2丁烯、液化乙烯、液化乙烷、液化反式-2丁烯、液化环丙烷、液化丙烯、液化丙烯、液化环丁烷、液化新戊烷、液化丁烯、液化丁烷、液化氯乙烯、液化环氧乙烷、液化丁二烯、液化异丁烷、液化石油气、液化氯甲烷、二甲胺Liquefiedmethane,liquefiednaturalgas,fluidizedsyn-dibutene,liquefiedethene,liquefiedethane,fluidizedanti-dibutene,liquefiedcyclopropane,liquefiedpropylene,liquefiedpropane,liquefiedcyclobutane,liquefiedneopentane,liquefiedbutene,liquefiedbutane,liquefiedvinylchloride,liquefiedepoxyethane,liquefiedbutadiene,liquefiedisobutene,liquefiedpetroleumgas,liquefiedchloromethane,dimethylamineB异戊二烯、异戊烷、汽油、戊烷、二硫化碳、异己烷、己烷、石油醚、异庚烷、环己烷、辛烷、异辛烷、苯、庚烷、石脑油、原油、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、异丁醇、乙醚、乙醛、环氧丙烷、甲酸甲酯、乙胺、二乙胺、丙酮、丁醛、二氯甲烷、三乙胺、醋酸乙烯、甲乙酮、丙烯腈、醋酸乙酯、醋酸异丙酯、二氯乙烯、甲醇、异丙醇、乙醇、醋酸丙酯、丙醇、醋酸异丁酯、甲酸丁酯、吡啶、二氯乙烷、醋酸丁酯、醋酸异戊酯、甲酸戊酯、丙烯酸甲酯Isoprene,isopentane,gasoline,pentane,carbondisulfide,isohexane,hexane,petroleumether,isoheptane,cyclonexane,octane,isooctane,benzene,heptane,naphtha,crudeoil,toluene,ethylbenzene,ortho-xylene,meta-xylene,para-xylene,isobutanol,aether,aceticaldehyde,epoxypropane,formicether,ethylamine,diethylamine,acetone,butyraldehyde,methylenechloride,triethylamine,vinylacetate,butanone,Acrylon,ethylacetate,isopropylacetate,dichlorethylene,carbinol,isopropanol,ethanol,propylacetate,ethylcarbinol,butylacetate,butylfomiate,pyridine,dichloroethane,butylacetate,isoamylacetate,amylformate,methylacrylateBA丙苯、环氧氯丙烯、苯乙烯、喷气燃料、煤油、丁醇、氯苯、乙二胺、戊醇、环己酮、冰醋酸、异戊醇propylbenzene,chloroepoxypropane,styrene,propellant,keroseneoil,butanol,chlorobenzene,ethylenediamine,pentanol,cyclohexanone,glacialaceticacid,isoamylalcohol,B35号轻柴油、环戊烷、硅酸乙酯、氯乙醇、氯丙醇、二甲基甲酰胺、轻柴油*No.35lightdieseloil,cyclopentane,ethylsilicate,chloroethanol,chloropropanol,methylformamide,lightdieseloilCA重柴油、苯胺、锭子油、酚、甲酚、糠醛、20号重油、苯甲醛、环己醇、甲基丙烯酸、甲酸、乙二醇丁醚、甲醛、糠醇、辛醇、乙醇胺、丙二醇、乙二醇、二甲基乙酰胺Heavydieseloil,aniline,spindleoil,phenol,cresol,furfural,No.20heavyoil,benzaldehyde,cyclohexanol,methacrylateester,formicacid,glycolbutylether,formaldehyde,sugaralcohol,octanol,ethanolamine,propanediol,ethanediol,methylacetamideB腊油、100号重油、渣油、变压器油、润滑油、二乙二醇醚、三乙二醇醚、邻苯二甲酸二丁脂、甘油、联苯-联苯醚混合物Paraffinoil,No.100heavyoil,residualoil,transformeroil,lubricant,diethyldi-alcoholether,triethyldi-alcoholether,dibutylphthalate,glycerine,biphenyl-biphenylylethercompound---\n---附录BAppendixB（资料性附录）(DataAppendix)焊接接头坡口形式及组对要求TypeofGrooveofWeldJointandRequirementsforAssembly表B.1　焊接接头坡口形式及组对要求TableB.1TypeofGrooveofWeldJointandRequirementsforAssembly名称Name形式TypeδmmbmmpmmRmmHmmα。β。I形坡口Itypegroove1~30~1.5－－－－－Y形坡口Ytypegroove≤81.5~251~1.5－－60~70－>82~360~65带垫环Y形坡口Ytypegroovewithgasketring≥63~50~2S=3~4B=20~3045~55－双Y形坡口DoubleYtypegroove12~602~31~3－－50`60－---\n---YV形坡口YVtypegroove≥172.5~41.5~2－δ/38~1260~70带钝边U形坡口Ushapegroovewithtruncatededge≥172.5~41.5~24~5－8~12－法兰角焊接头Filletweldjointofflange－－－－1.4δ+2~3－－管件角焊接头Filletweldjointofpipefitting－1~1.5－－－－－跨接式三通支管坡口Crosstypegrooveofteebranchpipe≥42~31~2－－45~55－　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　---\n---中华人民共和国石油化工行业标准TradeStandardofPeople’sRepublicofChinaforPetrochemicalIndustry石油化工有毒、可燃介质管道工程施工及验收规范SpecificationforConstructionandAcceptanceofHypertoxicandCombustibleMediumPipingEngineeringinPetrochemicalIndustrySH3501－2002条　文　说　明ExplanationtoClauses2002　北　京2002inBeijing---\n---目　　　　次1范围……………………………………………………………………………………Scope3总则……………………………………………………………………………………General4管道分级………………………………………………………………………………PipingGrading5管道组成件检验………………………………………………………………………PipingConstituentElementsAcceptance5.1一般规定………………………………………………………………………………Generalspecification5.2管子检验………………………………………………………………………………PipeInspection5.3阀门检验………………………………………………………………………………ValveInspection5.4其他管道组成件检验…………………………………………………………………InspectionofOtherPipingConstituentElements6管道预制及安装………………………………………………………………………PipingPrefabricationandInstallation6.1管道预制………………………………………………………………………………PipingPrefabrication6.2管道安装………………………………………………………………………………PipingInstallation7管道焊接………………………………………………………………………………PipingWelding7.1一般规定………………………………………………………………………………GeneralSpecification7.2焊前准备与接头组对…………………………………………………………………WeldingPreparationandJointAlignment7.3焊接工艺要求…………………………………………………………………………Requirementforweldingprocess7.4预热与热处理…………………………………………………………………………Preheatingandheattreatment7.5质量检验………………………………………………………………………………Qualityinspection8管道系统试验…………………………………………………………………………Testforpipingsystem8.1管道系统压力试验……………………………………………………………………Pressuretestforpipingsystem8.2管道系统吹扫…………………………………………………………………………Sweepingforpipingsystem8.3气体泄漏性试验及真空度试验………………………………………………………Gasleakagetestandtestofvacuumdegree9交工文件………………………………………………………………………………Handoverdocument---\n---1　范围Scope本规范中对有毒、可燃介质的划分，是根据GB5044《职业性接触毒物危害程度分级》和GB50160《石油化工企业设计防火规范》作出的。本次修订为保持与GB50235－97《工业金属管道工程施工及验收规范》和SH3059－2001《石油化工管道设计器材选用通则》协调，仅将毒性程度为极度危害介质定义为剧毒介质，同时在适用范围中增加了输送毒性程度为中度危害和轻度危害介质的管道，并增补了有关施工及验收规定。DefinitionofhypertoxicandcombustiblemediuminthisspecificationispreparedaccordingtoGB5044“HarmExtentClassificationofProfessionalContacttoHypertoxicMaterial”andGB50160“FirePreventionDesignSpecificationforPetrochemicalEnterprise”.InordertokeepconsistentwithGB50235-97“ConstructionandAcceptanceSpecificationforIndustrialMetalPipingWorks”andSH3059-2001“GeneralRegulationonMaterialSelectionforPetrochemicalPipingDesign”,thisrevisionhasonlydefinedtheextremeharmfulmediumasvirulentmedium,and,pipingwiththetransmissionhypertoxiclevelsofmoderateharmfulandgentleharmfulmediumisaddedintheapplicationscope.Therelatedconstructionandacceptancespecificationisalsosupplemented.　　压力范围400Pa[绝压]~42MPa[表压]是为了与GB50316《工业金属管道设计规范》保持协调而所作的规定。Thedefinitionofpressurerange500Pa[absolutepressure]~42Mpa[gaugepressure]isforthepurposetokeepconsistentwithGB50316“DesignSpecificationforIndustrialMetalPiping”.3　总则General　　本规范适用范围内的有毒、可燃介质管道，绝大部分是属于《压力管道安全管理与监察规定》劳部发(1996)140号文规定的安全监察范围，因此，施工单位、从事压力管道焊接的焊工和无损检测人员，都应取得相应的资格证书。Mostofthehypertoxic/combustiblemediumpipingcoveredintheapplicationscopeofthisspecificationisincludedinsafetyauditscopespecifiedNo.140LaborMinistryDocument(1996),“SafetyManagementandAuditRegulationforPressurePiping”.Therefore,theconstructionunit,welderforpressurepipingweldingandnon-destructivepersonnelshallobtainrelevantqualificationcertificates.4　管道分级PipingGrading　　本次修订虽扩大了规范的适用范围，但仍不适用于无毒、非可燃介质管道的施工及验收。修订后的管道分级与SH3059－2001保持一致，取消了原规范中将SHB级管道分为SHBI、SHBII两级的规定，SHB级管道仅保留原SHBI级管道，将中度、轻度危害介质管道与原SHB---\n---II级管道合并作为SHC级管道，低温管道单列为SHD级管道。此外，根据石化行业的特点，本规范将毒性程度为极度危害介质的苯管道作为SHB级管道处理，将毒性程度为高度危害介质的丙烯腈、光气、二硫化碳和氟化氢管道作为SHA级管道处理。Thoughtheapplicationscopeiswidenedinthisrevisionofspecification,itisstillnotapplicableforconstructionandacceptanceofnonhypertoxicandincombustiblemediumpiping.ThepipinggradingintherevisionisconsistentwithSH3059-2001,cancelingthedefinitionofGradeSHBIandSHBIIforSHBpipingintheoriginalspecificationandonlyretainingthespecificationoforiginalGradeSHBIforSHBpiping.Moderateandgentleharmfulmediumpiping,andtheoriginallydefinedGradeSHBIIpipingareincorporatedintoGradeSHCpiping,andlowtemperaturepipingisseparatelyspecifiedasGradeSHDpiping.Moreover,basedonthepetrochemicalindustrialcharacteristics,thisspecificationhasdefinedbenzenepipingwithahypertoxicitylevelofextremelyharmfulmediumasGradeSHBpipingandacrylon,carbonylchloride,carbondisulfidesulphideandhydrogenfluoridepipingwithahypertoxicitylevelofhighharmfulmediumasGradeSHApiping.对于无毒、非可燃介质管道，其施工及验收规定可按照设计文件和GB50235的规定执行。Theconstructionandacceptanceofnon-hypertoxicandincombustiblemediumpipingcanaccordtothespecificationofdesigndocumentandGB50235.5　管道组成件检验PipingConstituentElementsAcceptance5.1　一般规定Generalspecification5.1.2　本条是根据《压力管道安全管理与监察规定》的要求而制定的。5.1.2Thisclauseissetdownaccordingtotherequirementof“SafetyManagementandAuditRegulationforPressurePiping”.5.1.3　本条规定对质量证明文件中的特性数据或检验结果主要指化学成分分析、拉力试验、冲击试验、水压试验、压扁试验、扩口试验、超声波检测、涡流试验等检、试验结果。若有异议时应进行必要的分析检验，分析检验主要指力学性能和化学成分的分析检验。“异议”主要指特性数据与标准不符或特性数据不全等情况。5.1.3Thisclausedefinesthatthecharacteristicdata,andinspectionandtestresultsinqualityidentificationdocumentmainlyindicatethedetectionandtestresultsofchemicalcompositionanalysis,tensiletest,flatteningtest,flaringtest,supersonicdetection,eddycurrenttestandetc.Whendisputeexists,necessaryanalysinginspectionshallbeperformed,whichmainlyindicatestheanalysingtestformechanicalperformanceandchemicalcomposition.“Dispute”mainlyindicatestheinconformityofcharacteristicdataandwiththestandardorincompletecharacteristicdataandetc.5.1.7　关于抽查检验的程序与选用合格品的规定，符合GB/T19000质量管理标准要求，也有利于促进管道组成件生产企业提高产品的质量管理，从而保证建设工程的质量。5.1.7Forthespecificationofspottestprocedureandqualifiedproductselection,GB/T19000qualitymanagementstandardshallbecompliedwithsoastoimprovetheproductqualitymanagementofpiping---\n---constituentelementsenterprise,thustheengineeringworksqualitycanbeensured.5.2　管子检验PipeInspection5.2.4　奥氏体不锈钢管的产品标准规定，须作晶间腐蚀试验抽检。本条规定了使用的场合有耐晶间腐蚀要求，质量证明文件上又没有这一试验结果时，应按相关标准作补项试验。5.2.4Aspertheproductstandardforaustenitestainlesssteelpipe,randomHueytestshallbeimplemented.Thisclausespecifiesthattheapplicationlocationshallbebasedontheintercrystallinecorrosionrequirement.Incaseoflackofsuchtestresultonqualityidentificationdocument,supplementarytestshallbeperformedaccordingtotherelatedstandard.5.2.5　输送极度危害和高度危害介质的管子，如果质量证明书上没有超声波检测结果，还应按GB5777的规定进行补项检验，这是根据输送介质的特性规定的。5.2.5Regardingpipefortransmissionofextremelyharmfulandhighharmfulmedium,supplementarysupersonicdetectionshallbeperformedaccordingtotheprovisionsofGB5777ifthereisnotprovidedwithsuchdetectionresultinqualityidentificationdocument.Thisspecificationissetdownbasedonthecharacteristicsofthetransmittedmedium.5.2.7　设计压力等于或大于10MPa的管子，制造单位已做过一系列试验，所以本规范规定只作表面裂纹的无损检测。5.2.7Forpipewiththedesignpressureequaltoormorethan10Mpa,themanufacturershallhaveperformedseriesoftests,therefore,onlynon-destructiondetectionforsurfacecrackisrequiredinthisspecification.5.2.8　SHA级管道中，设计压力小于10MPa、输送极度危害介质的管子，应抽5%作表面无损检测。抽样检验程序应符合本规范5.1.7条的规定。5.2.8Regardingthepipewiththedesignpressurelessthan10MpaandforextremelyharmfulmediumtransmissioninGradeSHApiping,5%shallbesampledforsurfacecracknon-destructiondetectionandsuchsamplingdetectionshallcomplywithClause5.1.7ofthisspecification.5.2.9　关于缺陷打磨，原规范中仅规定打磨后的实际壁厚不小于公称壁厚的90%。为保证修磨后的管子的实际壁厚仍符合设计文件的要求，因此本次修订增加了“且不得小于设计文件规定的最小壁厚”。5.2.9Fordefectareagrinding,theoriginalspecificationonlyspecifiesthattheactualwallthicknessafterbeinggroundshallnotbelessthanthe90%ofthenominalwallthickness.Inordertoensuretheconformityoftheactualwallthicknessafterbeinggroundtothedesigndocument,thisrevisionhassupplementedthat“andshallnotlessthantheminimalwallthicknessgiveninthedesigndocument”.5.3　阀门检验ValveInspection5.3.7　试验奥氏体不锈钢阀门时，水中的氯离子含量不得超过100mg/L，而本规范8.1.7条规定，奥氏体不锈钢管道系统作液体压力试验时，水中的氯离子含量不得超过25---\n---mg/L。因为管道系统试压后，可能有死角，不能将水排净、吹干，而阀门试压后，完全可以将水排净，阀体可以擦干。5.3.7Fortestingaustenitestainlesssteelvalve,thechlorideioncontentinwatershouldnotexceed100mg/L,whileClause8.1.7ofthisspecificationprovidesthatthechlorideioncontentinwaterforthehydraulictestofaustenitestainlesssteelpipingsystemshallnotexceed25mg/L.Afterpressuretestofpipingsystem,theremaybesomedeadpositionswherethewatercannotbecompletelydrainedanddried,butafterthevalvepressuretest,thewatercanbecompletelydrainedandthevalvebodycanbemoppedup.5.3.9　目前国内阀门制造厂按本条要求制造的阀门产品质量是可信的，为防止出现产品不符合标准的情况，为保证石油化工企业生产的安全，仍规定对上述阀门每批抽检5%，如果有不合格产品存在，应按本规范5.1.7条的规定处理。5.3.9Presently,thequalityofvalvesmanufacturedaccordingtothisrequirementbythedomesticvalvemanufacturerisreliable,however,inordertopreventfromtheexistenceofinconformityofproductstothestandardandensuretheproductionsafetyofpetrochemicalenterprise,5%ofeachbatchoftheabovementionedvalvesshallbestilledtested.Incaseofinconformity,Clause5.1.7shallbefollowedforthedisposal.5.4　其他管道组成件检验InspectionofOtherPipingConstituentElements5.4.6　本条规定设计压力等于或大于10MPa管道用的合金钢螺栓、螺母应采用快速光谱分析逐件进行材质确认，同时每批应抽两件进行硬度检验是根据石油化工企业生产长周期连续运行的特点而制定的。螺栓、螺母的标准硬度值，可参见下表。5.4.6ThisClausespecifiesthatthedesignpressureshallbeequaltoormorethan10Mpa.Thealloyboltsandnutsusedforpipingshallbetestedtoconfirmthematerialqualitypiecebypiecebymeansofquickopticalspectrumanalysis.Thespecificationthat2piecesfromeachbatchshallbealsosampledforhardnesstestissetdownbasedonthecharacteristicofcontinuousoperationinalongcycleofpetrochemicalindustrialproduction.Forthestandardhardnessvaluesforboltandnut,seethefollowingtable.高压管道用螺栓、螺母的标准硬度值Standardhardnessvalueofboltsandnutsforhigh-pressurepiping钢　号SteelGrade硬度值，HBHardnessvalue,HB依据标准Standardbasis25≤170GB699-8835≤197GB699-8850≤241GB699-8840Mn≤229GB699-8830CrMo、35CrMo≤229GB3077-8825CrMoV≤241GB3077-8825CrMo1V≤241GB3077-8820Cr1Mo1VTiB211~274DJ56-7920Cr1Mo1NbB236~278DJ56-79---\n---5.4.7　本条规定低温钢管道的分界线为-29℃，现规定与GB50235保持一致。5.4.7ThisClausespecifiesthattheboundarylineforlowtemperaturesteelpipingis–29oC.ThepresentspecificationisconsistentwithGB50235.6　管道预制及安装PipingPrefabricationandInstallation6.1　管道预制PipingPrefabrication6.1.7　本条规定了钢管在热弯或冷弯后的热处理条件。表3列举了常用的几种钢的热弯温度和热处理要求，表中未列入的钢号，热处理要求应按本条的规定处理。表中10、20、16Mn钢热弯的终弯温度低于900℃，壁厚大于或等于19mm的热弯管，应进行600℃~650℃的回火的规定和表4中10、20钢的热处理条件是根据ASMEB31.3和GB50235－97的规定作出的。6.1.7ThisClausedefinestheheattreatmentconditionsforsteelpipeafterhotandcoldbending.Table3liststhecommonhotbendingtemperaturesandheattreatmentrequirements.Forthesteelgradesunlistedinthetable,thedisposalshallcomplywiththespecificationofthisclause.Thespecificationinthetablethatthe10,20and16Mnhotbentpipewiththefinalbendingtemperaturelessthan900oCandthewallthicknessequaltoormorethan19mmshallbetemperedintheconditionof600oC~650oC,andtheheattreatmentconditionfor10and20steelintheTablearesetdownaccordingtotherequirementofASMEB31.3andGB50235-97.　　表4中列举了常用的几种钢管子冷弯后的热处理条件，表中未列入的钢种，应根据交货状态分别对待：热轧状态交货的非合金钢管，可按10、20钢的要求进行热处理；正火状态交货的钢管，当壁厚大于8mm，管子冷弯后应进行退火热处理；调质状态交货的钢管不宜进行冷弯，否则弯管均应按原供货状态进行热处理。Table4liststhecommonheattreatmentconditionsforcommontypesofsteelpipesaftercoldbending.T　hepipesunlistedinthetableshallbecorrespondinglydisposedbasedontherelevantdeliverysituation:heattreatmentaccordingtotherequirementfor10and20steelcanbeadoptedforunalloyedsteelpipedeliveredinhotrolledcondition;Forthesteelpipedeliveredinconditionofnormalization,temperingshallbeperformedtothosewiththewallthicknessmorethan8mmafterthecoldbending;howeverthesteelpipedeliveredinhardeningandtemperingconditionshallnotbedisposedbycoldbending,otherwise,thebentpipeshallbetreatedbasedontheoriginaldeliverycondition.6.1.8　管子弯制过程中，容易出现缺陷，为保证对缺陷进行修磨后，管子的壁厚符合设计文件的要求，因此本次修订增加了“且不得小于设计文件规定的最小壁厚”。6.1.8Defectmayoccurduringthepipebending,therefore,inordertoensurethewallthicknessaftergrindingthedefectcanreachthedesignthickness,thisrevisionhassupplementedthat“andshallnotlessbethantheminimalwallthicknessgiveninthedesigndocument”.6.1.10　本条规定了夹套管预制过程中施工单位应执行的关键技术要求，若设计有更详细的规定，应执行设计文件的规定。6.1.10Thisclausespecifiesthecriticaltechnicalrequirementstobefollowedbytheconstructionunit---\n---duringtheprefabricationofjacketpipe.Ifmoredetailedrequirementisprovidedinthedesigndocument,thisdesigndocumentshallbecompliedwith.6.1.11　管道内部清洁，是施工质量好坏的重要标志，是投料试车一次成功的关键前提之一，本规范6.2.1条也有管道内部清洁的要求。多年来，由于管道内部不干净，严重影响试车进程，影响产品质量，有着深刻的教训。所以预制合格的管道，一定要保证内部清洁，并及时封闭其端口。6.1.11Theinternalcleannessofthepipingistheessentialaspectaffectingtheconstructionquality,thecriticalrequisitionforthesuccessfulcommissioningandserviceatthefirsttime.Clause6.2.1ofthisspecificationalsospecifiestheinternalcleannessofpiping.Deepgoinglessonhavebeenlearnedfromtheserousimpacttocommissioningandproductionqualityduetouncleannessinsidepipinginthepastyears.Thustheinsideofqualifiedprefabricatedpipesshallbekeptcleanandtheendopeningsshallbetimelyclosed.6.2　管道安装PipingInstallation6.2.9~6.2.11　这三条是管道与机器连接时的要求。表6保留原规范SHJ501－85表3.2.12的所有规定，GB50235的规定见下表：6.2.9~6.2.11Thesethreeclausesareinregardtotherequirementsontheconnectionofpipingtomachines.InTable6,allthespecificationof3.2.12ofTableSHJ501-85intheoriginalspecificationhasbeenmaintainedandthefollowingtableliststhespecificationofGB50235:法兰平行度、同轴度允许偏差Toleranceofflangeparallelismdepthandaxiality机器转速Machinerotationspeedr/min平行度Parallelismdepthmm同轴度Axialitymm3000~6000≤0.15≤0.50>6000≤0.10≤0.20相互比较，本规范保留了转速<3000r/min时的要求，因为转速小于3000r/min的转动机器在石化行业里比较普遍。Throughtheintercomparison,therequirementundertheconditionofrotationspeedof<3000r/minhasbeenmaintainedinthisspecificationastherotatingmachinewiththerotationspeedlessthan300r/miniscommonlyusedinpetrochemicalindustry.管子与机器的法兰连接处，单机试车前，应在联轴器上架表检查确认最终连接情况，若有不合格，应进行调整，合格后方能进行试车。Thefinalconnectionstatusshallbecheckedfortheflangeconnectionofpipetomachinebeforecommissioningthroughinstallinginstrumenttothecoupling.Foranyinconformity,rectificationshallbeperformedtilltheconformitystatusisachievedpriortothecommissioning.---\n---7　管道焊接PipingWelding7.1　一般规定GeneralSpecification7.1.2　本条根据JB3223－83《焊条质量管理规程》第4.3条：“存放一年以上的焊条，在发放前应请质量检验部门，重新做各种性能试验，符合要求时方可发放，否则不应出库。”的规定而制定的。鉴于各施工单位都改善了焊条的保管条件，并能严格进行焊条的管理，所以本条规定仅做焊条焊接工艺性能试验。7.1.2ThisclauseissetdownaccordingtoClause4.3ofJB3223-83“ElectrodeQualityManagement”:“Forelectrodethathasbeenstoredmorethanoneyear,eachperformancetestsshallbeperformedagainbyqualityinspectiondepartmentbeforeissuingforapplication.Onlythoseconformingtotherequirementcanbeissuedfromthestore.”Consideringalltheconstructionunitshaveimprovedtheirstorageconditionofelectrodeandtheelectrodemanagementrequirementhasbeenstrictlyimplemented,thisspecificationonlyrequirestheelectrodeprocessperformancetest.　　焊条焊接工艺性能试验时，首选应检查焊条焊芯不得有锈蚀现象，药皮不应有影响焊条质量的缺陷。然后进行焊条的焊接试验，试验过程电弧稳定、无异常现象、焊缝成型良好，焊后未产生气孔、裂纹等缺陷的焊条是可以使用的。Duringelectrodeweldprocessperformancetest,inspectionshallbeperformedforthatthereshallnotbeanyrustinessoncorewelding-wireandanydefectofthecoatingaffectingtheelectrodequality.Afterthat,theweldingtestwithelectrodecanbeperformedandthoseelectrodeswithstableelectricarc,noabnormalityandgoodweldshapeduringtheweldingtestandwithoutanygaspore,crackorotherdefectsaftertheweldingareapplicable.7.1.3　根据GB/T13304－91《钢分类》的规定，本条将原规范“碳素钢、合金钢、不锈钢”的划分改用“非合金钢、低合金钢、合金钢”表述。7.1.3InaccordancewiththespecificationofGB/J13304-91“ClassificationofSteel”Thisclauseexpressestheclassificationby“unalloyedsteel,lowalloyedsteelandalloyedsteel”insteadof“carbonsteel,alloyedsteel,stainlesssteel”intheoriginalspecification.7.2　焊前准备与接头组对WeldingPreparationandJointAlignment7.2.6　本条规定了焊接接头坡口应进行渗透检测的两类管道。其中淬硬倾向较大的管道，主要指标准抗拉强度下限值бb≥540MPa的钢管或Cr-Mo合金钢管道。7.2.6Thisclausespecifiestwotypesofpipingwhosegrooveofweldingjointneedpenetranttest,includingpipingwithobviousinclinationofhardenquenchingandpipingwithalowerlimitvalueofstandardtensilestrengthσb≥540,orCr-Moalloysteelpiping.---\n---7.3　焊接工艺要求Requirementforweldingprocess7.3.7　本条规定奥氏体不锈钢管道采用氩弧进行焊接接头的根部焊道焊接时，管内应充氩气或充氮气保护。充氩气保护是目前焊接规范的一贯要求。充氮气保护，是本规范所采用的新技术，已于1997年7月在兰州通过了集团公司组织的专家技术鉴定。主要技术参数为：氮气纯度应大于99.5%，含水量小于50mg/L，管内氮气的浓度应大于99.9%，一般充气流量不宜过大，保证气体有流动状态为佳。7.3.7Whenweldingisconductedtotherootpassofweldingjointofausteniticstainlesssteelpipingwithargonarc,argongasornitrogengasshallbefilledtothepipingforprotection.Protectionbyargongasistheconsistentrequirementofthecurrentweldingspecification,whileprotectionbynitrogengasisanewtechnologyadoptedbythisspecification,whichhaspassedthetechnicalappraisementbyprofessionalsarrangedbythegroupcompanyinLanzhouinJuly1997.Themaintechnicalparametersareasfollows:thepurityofnitrogengasshallbemorethan99.5%;thewatercontentshallbelessthan50mg/L;theconcentrationofnitrogengasinpipingshallbemorethan99.9%;generallyspeaking,theflowofgaschargingshallnotbeexcessivelylarge,anditisbettertokeepthegasataflowstate.7.4　预热与热处理Preheatingandheattreatment7.4.7　本条规定对容易产生延迟裂纹的焊接接头，焊接后应立即加热至300℃~350℃，保温缓冷，然后及时进行热处理。焊后加热处理可降低焊接接头的冷却速度，以利于减少淬硬组织，并降低扩散氢含量，同时也给准备正式热处理提供了较充裕的时间。7.4.7Forweldingjointwheredelayedcrackeasilyforms,itshallbeimmediatelyheatedto300℃~350℃afterwelding;thenmeasuresforheatpreservationandslowcoolingshallbetakenbeforethedulyheattreatment.Theheatingtreatmentafterweldingcanlowerdownthecoolingspeed,soastolessenthequenchedstructure,lowerdownthecontentofdiffusiblehydrogen,aswellasprovideenoughtimeforpreparationofformalheattreatment.7.4.9　从表3、表4和表9的规定可以看出，各钢号的热处理温度区间最大是50℃，最小是20℃。要保证热处理的质量，恒温时各测点的温度值必须控制在热处理温度区间内。如果温度区间超过50℃，允许差值也不得大于50℃。7.4.9InformedbyTable3,Table4andTable9,forvarioussteelgrades,themaximumtemperaturerangeforheattreatmentis50℃,whiletheminimumoneis20℃.Inordertoensurethequalityofheattreatment,temperaturesofallmeasuredpointsduringtheperiodofconstanttemperatureshallbecontrolledwithinthetemperaturerangeforheattreatment.Ifthetemperaturerangeforheattreatmentexceeds50℃,theallowabledifferenceshallnotbemorethan50℃.7.4.12　本条参照《蒸汽锅炉安全技术监察规程》劳部发[1996]276号第78条的规定制订的。7.4.12ThisclauseisformulatedmakingreferencetoClause78ofSteamBoilerSafetyTechnologySupervisionOrderissuedbyMinistryofLabourin1996,No.276.---\n---7.5　质量检验Qualityinspection7.5.4　本条规定射线透照质量等级要求不得低于AB级，这是根据本规范适用范围内管道的重要性，在JB4730规定的A、AB、B级中确定的。7.5.4ThequalitygradeofradialtransilluminationshallnotbelowerthanGradeAB,whichisdeterminedinconsiderationoftheimportanceofthepipingapplicabletothisSpecificationaswellasthegradeclassificationinJB4730forGradeA,GradeABandGradeB.7.5.5　管道焊接接头的质量合格等级是根据该焊接接头的载荷性质、服役环境、接头失效后的影响、选用材质、制造条件等因素确定的。7.5.5Thequalifiedgradeofqualityfortheweldingjointofpipingisdeterminedinconsiderationofvariousfactorsinrespectoftheweldingjoint,suchastypeofload,conditionofservice,influenceofjoint’sfailure,materialquality,conditionforfabrication,etc..表10规定射线检测百分率和合格等级是参照GB50236－98《现场设备、工业管道焊接工程施工及验收规范》第11.3.5.7款与第11.3.5.8款以及GB50235－97第7.4.3条制定的。ThepercentageandqualifiedgradeofradialtestinTable10isdeterminedmakingreferencetoClause11.3.5.7andClause11.3.5.8ofGB50236-98CodeforConstructionandAcceptanceofWeldingWorksofOn-siteEquipmentandIndustrialPipelineaswellasClause7.4.3ofGB50235-97.　　凡抽样检测的焊接接头，应由焊接质量检查员来确定。固定焊接接头应占抽查数的40%以上。表10中规定的检测数量是不分转动焊接接头或固定焊接接头。这一规定，是要求通过抽检能反映焊工的真实技术水平，杜绝特意焊接供检验的焊接接头或焊工自选焊接接头供检测的情况发生，以保证焊接接头的可靠性。Allweldingjointsforsamplingtestshallbeconfirmedbytheinspectorforweldingquality.Thenumberoffixedweldingjointshallbemorethan40%ofthetotalsamplednumber.ThequantityfortestspecifiedinTable10isthetotalquantityofrotatingweldingjointandfixedweldingjoint.Samplingtestaimsatshowingtherealtechnicalskillofwelders,whichcanavoidthespeciallyweldedjointsorself-chosenjointsbyweldersforinspection,soastoensurethereliabilityoftheweldingjoint.7.5.6　标准抗拉强度下限值бb≥540MPa的钢，在制作过程中有产生裂纹的倾向；Cr-Mo钢的淬硬倾向大，属裂纹敏感性材料，特别是经热处理后，再热裂纹敏感性显露出来，当抗变形能力低于实际的变形量时即形成裂纹；非奥氏体低温钢有淬硬性倾向，坡口热加工容易产生表面微裂纹，焊接后因冷却过快容易引起裂纹和淬硬现象。因此这类焊接接头进行检测，对保证安全使用是十分必要的。这类焊接接头施工时，要严格遵守相应规程的要求。7.5.6Forsteelwithalowerlimitvalueofstandardtensilestrengthбb≥540MPa,itisinclinedtoproducecrackduringtheprocessoffabrication.Cr-Mosteelhasanobviousinclinationofhardenquenching,belongingtocracksensitivematerial;especiallyafterheattreatment,thereheatcracksensitivitywillappear;oncetheresistancetodeformationislowerthantheactualamountofdeformation,crackwilloccur.Non-austenitelowtemperaturesteelhasaninclinationofhardenquenching,whosegrooveeasilyproducessurfacetinycrackunderheatprocessing;excessivelysuddencoolingafterweldingmaycausecrackandhardenquenching.Forthesakeofsafety,itisnecessarytocarryoutinspectiononthesetypesofweldingjoints.Inaddition,theweldingoperationofthesetypesofwelding---\n---jointsshallbestrictlyinconformitywiththerelevantspecification.7.5.8　超声波检测是检验焊缝内部质量的有效方法，灵敏度高、对人体无害，但对检验人员技术和检测表面的要求高，但由于不像射线透照那样可以留下底片备查，所以其可追溯性差。因此用超声波检测代替射线检测时，检测前应征得设计单位同意。7.5.8Supersonicdetectionisdeemedtobeanefficientmethodforinspectionofinternalqualityoftheweldjoint,whichishighlysensitiveandnotharmfultohuman,butrequireshighleveloftechnicalskillanddetectedsurfacecondition.Unliketheradialtransilluminationthatcanleavenegativefilmforfuturereference,supersonicdetectionishardlytraceable.Therefore,incasesupersonicdetectionisadoptedtotaketheplaceofradialdetection,anapprovedmustbegotfromthedesignunitinadvance.8　管道系统试验Testforpipingsystem8.1管道系统压力试验Pressuretestforpipingsystem8.1.4　本条规定用气体代替液体作压力试验时应做到的基本要求，另外，这里所指的施工单位技术总负责人是具有法人资格的施工单位的技术总负责人。8.1.4Thisclausespecifiesthebasicrequirementsforusinggasforpressuretesttakingtheplaceofliquid;inaddition,thechieftechnicalin-chargeoftheconstructionunitreferstothechieftechnicalin-chargeofaconstructionunithavingqualificationofbusinessentity.　　气体压力试验有较大的危险性，在同一试验压力时，其储能要比液体压力试验时大几百倍甚至几千倍，所以要高度重视。同时，试验时必须有安全部门在现场进行监督。Gaspressuretestiscomparativelydangerous.Underthesametestpressureashydraulicpressuretest,thestoredenergyofgaspressuretestisseveralhundredtimesorevenseveralthousandtimesofthatofhydraulicpressuretest,whichneedshighattention.Besides,securitydepartmentshallbeavailableonsiteforsupervisionduringtheprocessoftest.8.1.6　管道系统的试验压力，应按设计文件规定执行。如果设计未作规定，则按本条规定的公式进行计算。同时也可用本计算公式来校验设计文件规定的试验压力。8.1.6Thetestpressureofthepipingsystemshallbeinaccordancewiththedesigndocument;ifitisnotspecifiedinthedesigndocument,itshallbefiguredoutwiththeformulaspecifiedinthisclause.Meanwhile,thisformulacanbealsousedtoverifythetestpressurespecifiedbythedesigndocument.当设计温度、压力都很高或采用薄壁管道，[б]1/[б]2的比值大于1.8时，还应按下式计算管壁的应力。该应力值应小于试验温度下材料屈服点的90%（液压试验时）或80%（气压试验时）。如果超出，就应降低试验压力，以满足本条的规定。Whenboththedesigntemperatureandpressureareveryhigh,orwhenthinwalledpipingisadoptedand[σ]1/[σ]2ismorethan1.8,thestressofthepipewallshallbecalculatedwiththefollowingformula.Thevalueofthestressshallbelessthan90%(forhydraulicpressuretest)or80%(forgaspressuretest)oftheyieldpointofthematerialintesttemperature.Oncethisvalueexceedsthelimit,thetestpressureshallbelowereddowntomeettherequirementofthisclause.---\n---管壁应力计算见公式（1）：Calculationformulaforthevalueofthestressofthepipewall[Formula(1)]:Pt(D0－S)бt=………………………………………(1)2Sø　　式中：Here:　　D0－管子外直径，mm；D0-outsidediameterofpipe,mm　　Pt－试验压力，MPa；Pt-testpressure,MPa　　S－管子的公称壁厚，mm；S-nominalwallthicknessofpipe,mm　　ø－管子的焊缝系数。ø-weldjointfactorofpipe管子材料的许用应力可按GB50316《工业金属管道设计规范》中的数据选用。TheallowablestressofthepipematerialshallbechosenfromthedataofGB50316DesignSpecificationforIndustrialMetalPiping.　　管道的焊缝系数：双面焊接，100%无损检测，ø=1.00，局部无损检测，ø＝0.85；单面焊接，100%无损检测，ø＝0.9，局部无损检测，ø＝0.80。Weldjointfactorofpiping:forbothsideswelding,100%nondestructiveexamination,Φ=1.00;forone-sidewelding,100%nondestructiveexamination,Φ=0.90,orpartnondestructiveexamination,Φ=0.80.8.1.8　管道系统试压时，选择环境温度和控制介质温度是一个十分重要的环节。环境温度、金属温度、试验介质的温度，无不得低于规范所规定的最低温度。如果是合金钢管道系统，液体温度应高于金属材料的脆性转变温度。气体压力试验时也是这样，所以8.1.12条也作了相同的规定。这一规定，是依据《蒸汽锅炉安全技术监察规程》劳部发[1996]276号第208条的相应规定而编写的。8.1.8Duringtheprocessofpressuretestforpipingsystem,itisacruciallinktochoosetheambienttemperatureandcontrolthemediumtemperature.Anyambienttemperature,metaltemperatureormediumtemperatureshallnotbelowerthanthelowesttemperaturespecifiedbythisSpecification.Foralloysteelpipingsystem,theliquidtemperatureshallbehigherthanthebrittletransitiontemperatureofthemetalmaterial.Thisisalsoapplicabletogaspressuretest,sothesameprovisioncanbeseeninClause8.1.12.ThisprovisionisformulatedmakingreferencetoClause208ofSteamBoilerSafetyTechnologySupervisionOrderissuedbyMinistryofLabourin1996,No.276.8.1.13　本条规定气体压力试验时，当压力升至试验压力，稳压10min，将压力降至设计压力，用中性发泡剂对试压系统仔细巡回进行检查。这里没有停压时间的要求，主要是以对整个管道系统仔细巡回检查完毕为准。这一过程，相当于作气体泄漏性试验，所以本规范8.3.2条规定经气体压力试验，且在试验后未经拆卸的管道，可不进行气体泄漏性试验。8.1.13Forgaspressuretest,oncethepressureisboostedtothetestpressure,itshallbestabilizedfor10min;thenthepressureshallbelowereddowntothedesignpressureandneutralfoamingagentshallbeusedtocheckthewholesystemcarefully.Thereisnospecialrequirementforthetimeofsuspendingtheboosting,whichshallsubjecttothecompletionofthepatrolinspectionofthewholesystem.Thisprocessisequivalenttothegasleakagetest.Therefore,asspecifiedinClause8.3.2,ifthepipinghaspassedtheairpressuretestandisnotdismantledaftersuchtest,itcanbeexemptedfromthegasleakagetest.---\n---8.1.14　试压过程中，如果带压处理泄漏问题，对设备、管道安全和操作人员的人身安全有很大危胁，所以本条规定不得带压修理。8.1.14Duringtheprocessofpressuretest,handlingtheleakageproblemunderpressureisagreatdangertothesecurityofequipmentandpipingaswellasthepersonnelsafetyoftheoperators.Sothisclausespecifiesthatanyrepaircannotbedoneunderpressure.8.2　管道系统吹扫Sweepingforpipingsystem8.2.1　管道系统压力试验之后，气体泄漏性试验之前，应进行系统吹扫。系统吹扫是保证管道内部清洁最重要的手段。8.2.1Oncethepipingsystempassesthepressuretest,sweepingshallbecarriedoutpriortothegasleakagetest.Itisthemostimportantmeanstokeeptheinnerpartofpipingclean.8.2.8　如果施工单位没有合适的压缩机及相应的储罐，宜利用生产装置的大型压缩机和储气罐。若是改、扩建工程，可以利用原装置已经投产运行的压缩机，若是新建工程，吹扫作业宜和压缩机负荷试车一并或之后进行。8.2.8Iftheconstructionunithasnosuitablecompressorandcorrespondingairstoragetank,itisbettertoadoptlarge-scalecompressorandairstoragetankoftheproductionplantforsweeping.Incaseofreconstructionengineeringorextensionengineering,thecompressoroftheoriginalplanthavingbeenputintooperationcanbeused;incaseofnewconstructionengineering,thesweepingshallbecarriedoutinparalleltooraftertheloadedtrialrunofthecompressor.8.3　气体泄漏性试验及真空度试验Gasleakagetestandtestofvacuumdegree8.3.1　原规范中本条规定：“当设计文件未规定时，本规范适用范围内的管道系统必须进行气体泄漏性试验，试验压力为设计压力。”本次修订扩大了规范的适用范围，在讨论本条时，设计单位的意见是SHA级管道系统的气体泄漏性试验是必要的，但SHB级管道系统还应根据实际情况区别对待。因此，本次修订时，采纳了设计单位的意见，规定“管道系统的气体泄漏性试验应按设计文件规定进行，试验压力为设计压力。”即管道系统的气体泄漏性试验，应由设计单位根据管道系统输送介质的性质来确定。8.3.1Inoriginalspecification,thisclausesays:“incaseitisnotspecifiedbythedesigndocument,gasleakagetestmustbecarriedoutforpipingsystemapplicabletothisSpecification;thetestpressureshallbethedesignpressure.”Thisrevisionhasexpandedtherangeofapplicationofthespecification.Inregardtothisclause,thedesignunitisoftheopinionthatthegasleakagetestforSHApipingsystemisnecessary,butforSHBpipingsystem,itdependsontheactualsituation.Therefore,underthepreconditionofadoptingtheopinionofthedesignunit,thisrevisionspecifiesthat“thegasleakagetestforpipingsystemshallbecarriedoutaccordingthedesigndocument;thetestpressureshallbethedesignpressure”.Namely,thegasleakagetestforpipingsystemshallbedeterminedbythedesignunitinconsiderationofthenatureofthemediumfortransportation.8.3.2　试验时，施工单位往往难以解决升压设备或气源，所以泄漏性试验可结合装置试车同时进行。8.3.2Duringtheprocessoftest,becausetheboostingequipmentandtheairsourceareoftenhardlyavailablefortheconstructionunit,thegasleakagetestcanbecarriedoutinparalleltothetrialrunofthe---\n---plant.9　交工文件Handoverdocument　　SH3503－2001对管道施工的交工技术表格有较详细规定，有关交工文件的内容及交份数、编制及交付等均应按照SH3503－2001的要求执行。ThetechnicalformforhandoverofthepipingconstructionisspecifiedindetailsinSH3503-2001.Allthecontentofhandoverdocument,numberofcopies,compilationanddeliveryshallsubjecttotherequirementofSH3503-2001.---