GBT12936.2-1991太阳能热利用术语第2部分.pdf 16页

'中华人民共和国国家标准太阳能热利用术语第二部分GB12936.2一91Solarenergy--ThermalapplicationsTerminologyPart2主题内容与适用范围本标准规定了太阳能热利用中一部分关于部件与系统的术语。本标准适用于太阳热水或太阳能空气的部件与系统。引用标准GB4271平板型太阳集热器热性能试验方法GB6424平板型太阳集热器产品技术条件3部件3.1部件component具备太阳加热系统某种功能，并为构成该系统的器件组合。其主要功能可为集热、换热、储热及控制等3.2〔太阳〕集热器(solar)collector;solarthermalcollector太阳加热系统中，接收太阳辐射并向其传热工质传递热量的部件。3.3液体〔型〕集热器liquidtypecollector以水或其他液体作为传热工质的太阳集热器。3.4空气〔型〕集热器airtypecollector以空气作为传热工质的太阳集热器3.5非聚光哩〕集热器non-concentratingcollector进入采光口的太阳辐射不向吸热体聚光的太阳集热器。其吸热体面积与采光面积近似相等3.6平板〔型太阳〕集热器flatplate(solar)collector吸热体基本为平板形状的非聚光型集热器。3.7涓流集热器tricklecollector传热工质不承受压力的液体型平板太阳集热器。其传热工质不封闭在吸热体内，而从吸热板表面缓慢流下。3.8真空管集热器evacuatedtubecollector管壁与吸热体之间抽成一定真空度的透明管(常为玻璃管)制成的非聚光型集热器。其吸热体具有选择性表面。3.9聚光〔型〕集热器concentratingcollector利用反射器、透镜或其他光学器件使人射在采光口上的大阳辐射改向并集中射在吸热体上的太阳集热器。其吸热体面积小于采光面积。3.10线聚焦〔型〕集热器linefocuscollector——一一一一国家技术监督局1991一05一22批准1992一03一01实施 GB12936.2一91使太阳辐射在接收器表面形成一条焦线(或焦带)的聚光型集热器。3.11点聚焦〔型〕集热器pointfocuscollector使太阳辐射在接收器表面形成一个焦点(或焦斑)的聚光型集热器。3.12槽形抛物面集热器parabolictroughcollector反射器为具有抛物线截面、槽形结构的聚光型集热器。同义词抛物槽集热器3.13旋转抛物面集热器parabolicdishcollector反射器为抛物线旋转而成的盘形结构的聚光型集热器。同义词抛物盘集热器3.14菲涅耳集热器Fresnelcollector利用菲涅耳透镜或反射镜使太阳辐射聚焦的聚光型集热器。3.15非成象集热器non-imagingcollector能使太阳辐射在吸热体(或接收器)表面集中，但不形成焦点(或焦斑)或焦线(或焦带)的聚光型集热器。3.16复合抛物面集热器compoundparabolic(concentrating)collector利用若干种抛物面反射镜片组合为反射器的非成象聚光型集热器。3.17多反射平面集热器facetedcollector利用许多平面反射器件组合为反射器的聚光型集热器。3.18跟踪集热器trackingcollector以绕单轴或双轴旋转的方式跟踪全天太阳视运动而运动的太阳集热器。3.19集热器阵列collectorarray连接进、出口管道并排列成适当模式的一组太阳集热器。3.20控制器controller对太阳加热系统及其部件进行调节，使之正常运行所需的部件。可为手动或自动。3.21温差控制器differentialtemperaturecontroller能监测微小温差并以此温差控制泵及其他电动装置的部件。3.22换热器heatexchanger太阳加热系统中，使传热工质与其他不同温度的流体进行热量交换的部件。同义词热交换器3.23表面式换热器surfaceheatexchanger使传热工质与其他不同温度的流体在固定壁面两侧彼此不相接触，通过壁的传导及壁面流体的对流进行换热的换热器。同义词间壁式换热器3.24压力温度安全器pressure-temperaturereliefdevice太阳加热系统中，能防止流体温度过高或释放其过高压力的自动传感部件。3.25储热器thermalstoragedevice太阳加热系统中，装有储热介质的容器及其附件所组成的部件。该储热介质蓄存了太阳能。同义词贮热器;蓄热器3.26储水箱storagetank太阳热水系统中，蓄存热水的容器及其附件所组成的部件。同义词贮水箱;储水槽;蓄水箱3.27辅助热源auxiliarythermalsource太阳加热系统中，为了补充太阳能系统的热输出所用的非太阳能加热部件。其中常以电能或燃料 GB12936.2一91化学能作为能源3.28器件element;part具备部件的某种功能并为构成部件的基本单元。3.29采光Oaperture集热器接收太阳辐射的器件人口或器件敞开口。同义词透光fl;开口3.30采光平面apertureplane集热器采光日上或上方允许太阳辐射进人或透射的平面。3.31吸热体absorber集热器内吸收太阳辐射能并向传热工质传递热量的器件。3.32吸热板absorberplate平板集热器内带有流体通道的基本为平板形状的吸热体。3.33排管tubebank平板集热器吸热板上纵向排列的流体通道。3.34集〔流〕管header平板集热器吸热板L下两端横向联通排管的流体通道。3.35集热器盖板collectorcoverplate平板集热器采光口上复盖的一层或若干层透明板状器件。其作用为透过太阳辐射、阻止长波辐射透出、降低吸热板热损以及减少环境对集热器的影响。同义词透明盖板3.36非选择性表面non-selectivesurface在一定波长范围内，反射比、吸收比、透射比和发射率等光学性能与入射辐射波长无关的材料表面。3.37选择性表面selectivesurface在一定波长范围内，反射比、吸收比、透射比和发射率等光学性能随人射辐射波长不同有显著变化的材料表面注例如，吸热板的选择性表面对短波辐射的吸收比高而长波辐射发射率低3.38聚光器concentrator聚光型集热器中接收非聚光太阳辐射并将其改向集中射至接收器上的器件。它是由透镜或反射镜片组成的光学装置3.39接收器receiver聚光型集热器中最后接收聚光太阳辐射的器件。它是由吸热体及其附装的透光材料组成的装置。3.40定日镜heliostat以机械方式驱动，使太阳辐射向一个恒定方向反射的反射器。3.41隔热体insulator太阳集热器中，抑制吸热体向周围环境散热的器件。3.42外壳outercasing太阳集热器中，保护及固定吸热体、透明盖板和隔热体的器件。3.43进0inlet传热工质进人太阳集热器的管口。3.44出口outlet传热工质离开太阳集热器的管口。3.45采光面积(A)aperturearea Gs12936.2一91集热器采光平面r接收太阳辐射的最大投影面积。单位为平方米(m2)0同义词透光面积3.46〔聚光集热器〕总采光面积(A,)grossaperturearea聚光型集热器采光平面上接收太阳辐射的最大投影面积。其中包括接收器及其支架在采光面上的投影面积与反射镜片的间隙。单位为平方米(m")03.47〔聚光集热器〕净采光面积(A,)netaperturearea聚光型集热器总采光面积减去接收器及其支架在采光面上的投影面积与反射镜片间隙后所得的面积。单位为平方米(m").,同义词有效采光面积effectiveaperturearea3.48集热器总面积(人)grosscollectorarea集热器采光平面上包括外壳边框在内接收太阳辐射的最大投影面积。单位为平方米(m2)03.49吸热体面积absorberarea吸热体外表面未被隔热的总面积。单位为平方米(M2).3.50倾〔斜〕角tiltangle斜放物面与地平面之间所夹的锐角。单位为度(0)03.51跟踪误差trackingerror(1)对于单轴太阳跟踪器，指沿旋转轴截出的两个横截平面之间的角度偏差。两横截面之一含有集热器采光平面的视线轴;另一含有日面中心。(2)对于双轴太阳跟踪器，指日面至集热器采光平面的中心连线与采光平面法线之间的角度偏差。3.52几何聚光比geometricconcentratingratio聚光型集热器净采光面积与接收器面积之比。3.53通AR光比fluxconcentratingratio入射在聚光型集热器接收器面积与净采光面积上的太阳辐射能通量之比。3.54传热工质beattransferfluid(1)流经集热器并将吸收的热量从集热器输出的液体或气体;(2)在太阳能系统的子系统或部件之间传递热量的任何流体。3.55工质进口温度(t,)fluidinlettemperature集热器进口处传热工质的温度。单位为绝对温度(K)03.56工质出。温度(t0)fluidoutlettemperature集热器出口处传热工质的温度。单位为绝对温度(K)03.57工质平均温度(t.)meanfluidtemperature传热工质在集热器中的平均温度。单位为绝对温度(K)03.58环境空气ambientair部件或器件周围的室内或室外空气。3.59环境〔空气〕温度(t,)ambient(air)temperature在部件或器件周围测得的环境空气的温度。单位为绝对温度(K)03.60风速(。)windspeed未受障碍物干扰的大气流动速率。应在露天场地距地平面lom的高度处测量。单位为米每秒(m/s)e3.61环境风速surroundingairspeed部件或器件上方或周围一定距离处的空气流动速率。单位为米每秒(m/s).3.62稳态steady-state集热器中任何一点单位时间输出能量(包括热损失)等于太阳辐射输人能量的状态。此时集热器 GB12936.2一91各点温度不随时间变化3.63准称态quasi-steadystate晴天时，集热器工质进口温度与质量流量保持基本不变，工质出口温度随太阳辐照度的正常变化而缓慢变化的试验状态。3.64闷晒集热器在其内部传热工质无输人和输出的条件下接受太阳辐射的状态。3.65空晒集热器内只有非机械力驱动的空气而不填充其他传热工质时，仍接受太阳辐射的状态。3.66集热器效率collectorefficiency传热工质从太阳集热器中获得的能量与入射在集热器采光面积上的太阳辐射能量之比。3.67〔集热器〕瞬时效率(r7)instantaneous(collector)efficiency稳态或准稳态下，规定时段(常为5^-15min)内，传热工质从太阳集热器获得的能量与同时入射在集热器采光面积上的太阳辐射能量之比其表达式为:GC,(t。一t,)n=(1)A.F,.式中G为传热工质质量流量，单位为公斤每秒(kg/s);C，为传热工质定压比热，单位为焦耳每公斤绝对温度〔J/(kg"K));to为工质出口温度，单位为绝对温度(K);tr为工质进口温度，单位为绝对温度(K);A为集热器采光面积，单位为平方米(m");E,为半球向日射辐照度，单位为瓦每平方米(W/m").3.68热效率曲线thermalefficiencycurve一定环境条件下，集热器瞬时效率相对于工质进口温度(或平均温度)和环境温度之差与半球向日射辐照度之比的关系曲线。其表达式为:，一;，[(一)。一U,f"E-Dest.Jl·(2)，一;，[(一)。一U}Est.J(3)式中F"为集热器效率因子;(。)。为有效透过率与吸收率乘积;U,,为总热损系数，单位为瓦每平方米绝对温度〔W/(mz·K));t.为工质平均温度，单位为绝对温度(K);‘为环境空气温度，单位为绝对温度(K);E、为半球向日射辐照度，单位为瓦每平方米(W/mr);FR为集热器热转移因子，t。为工质进口温度，单位为绝对温度。注F"(sa)为方程(2)曲线的截距，F"U,为方程(2)曲线的斜率，FR(TO).为方程(3)曲线的截距。F,U}为方程(3)曲线的斜率。同义词瞬时效率特性3.69人射角修正系橄(fa)incidentanglemodifier平板集热器人射角为某一数值时，其有效透过率与吸收率的乘积与入射角为零时该乘积之比.其表达式为:KA=(o(sT.).(4)式中(To),。为入射角等于某一数值0时的有效透过率与吸收率的乘积，(二).。为入射角等于零时的有效透过率与吸收率的乘积。3.70总热损系数(fl,,)overallheatlosscoefficient集热器中吸热体对环境空气的平均传热系数。单位为瓦〔特〕每平方米绝对温度CW/(m"·K)),3.71集热器热转移因子(F=)collectorheatremovalfactor平板集热器实际输出的有效热量与假定吸热板完全处于工质进口温度时所输出的有效热量之比 GB12936.2一91同义词集热器热迁移因子3.72集热器效率因子(T")collectorefficientfactor平板集热器实际输出的有效热量与假定吸热板完全处于工质平均温度时所输出的有效热量之比。3.7‘集热器流动因子collectorflowfactor集热器热转移因子与集热器效率因子之比(F./").3.74额定工作压力(Pm)nominalworkingpressure设计制造时所推荐的吸热体允许承受的传热工质工作压力。单位为帕(Pa)o3.75时间常数(TOtimeconstant太阳辐照度或工质进口温度每发生一个阶跃变化之后，集热器工质出口温度随之变化后达到它稳定值的1-1/e(即63.2写)所需要的时间。单位为秒(s),3.76储水〔容〕里(V)tankcapacity储水箱满载时测得的蓄存热水的体积。单位为立方米(m"),同义词贮水〔容〕量;蓄水〔容〕量3.77储热容storagecapacity储热体温度升高(或降低)1k所能蓄存(或释放)的显热量。单位为焦〔耳〕每绝对温度(J/K).同义词贮热容;蓄热容4系统4.1太阳〔能功0热系统solarheatingsystem将太阳能转换为热能并在必要时与辅助热源配合使用以提供加热所需的子系统与部件的组合。其中主要包括集热器子系统与输配子系统。4.2太阳能系统solar(energy)system接收、吸收、传递、储存、转换及输配太阳能所需的子系统与部件的组合。4.3主动式太阳能系统activesolar(energy)system需要由非太阳能或耗能部件(如泵和风机)驱动系统运行的太阳能系统。4.4被动式太阳能系统passivesolar(energy)system不需要由非太阳能或耗能部件驱动就能运行的太阳能系统。4.5相变太阳能系统phasechangesolarsystem利用传热工质的相变潜热提供间接加热的太阳能系统。4.6太阳能独立系统solaronlysystem除传热工质输配及控制器所用非太阳能之外，完全由太阳能提供加热的太阳能系统。4.7太阳能预热系统solarpreheatsystem为其他加热系统提供预热水或空气等预热流体的太阳能系统。4.8太阳能带辅助热源系统solarplussupplementarysystem太阳能系统与辅助热源联合的太阳加热系统。其中也可由太阳能系统单独加热。4.9循环系统circulatingsystem传热工质在集热器与储热器(或换热器)之间循环流动的太阳加热系统。4.10自然循环系统naturalcyclesystem仅利用传热工质内部温度梯度产生的密度差所形成的自然对流进行循环的循环系统。同义词热虹吸系统thermosiphonsystem4.11强制循环系统forcedcirculationsystem利用机械设备等外部动力迫使传热工质通过集热器与储热器(或换热器)进行循环的循环系统。 G1312936.2一91同义词机械循环系统4.12太阳热水系统、olarwaterheatingsystem;solarhotwatersystem将太阳能转换为热能并在必要时与辅助热源配合使用以加热水所需的子系统与部件的组合。4.13太阳能空气系统solarairheatingsystem将太阳能转换为热能并在必要时与辅助热源配合使用以加热空气所需的子系统与部件的组合4.14太阳热水器solarwaterheater将太阳能转换为热能以加热水所需的部件及附件组成的完整装置。通常包括集热器、储水箱、连接管道、支架及其他部件。4.15家用太阳热水器domesticsolarwaterheater适合家庭及小集体用的小型太阳热水器。4.16自然循环式〔太阳〕热水器naturalcyclesolarwaterheater仅利用水内部温度梯度产生的密度差所形成的自然对流，使水在集热器和储水箱之间循环的太阳热水器。4.17直接系统directsystem在集热器中直接加热供水的太阳热水系统。4.18间接系统indirectsystem利用换热器间接加热供水的太阳热水系统。集热器中的传热工质可为除水以外的其他流体。同义词双回路系统doubleloopsystem4.19封闭系统closedsystem传热工质被完全密封在装段内，不与大气相通的太阳热水系统。同义词密封系统scaledsystem4.20开口系统ventedsystem传热工质与大气的接触处仅限于给水箱和膨胀水箱的自由水面或系统排气管的太阳热水系统，4.21敞开系统opensystem传热工质与大气有大面积接触的太阳热水系统。接触面主要在储水槽的敞开面。4.22回流系统drainbacksystem当循环泵停止运转时，传热工质便从集热器及露天管道流回储热器的防冻式太阳热水系统。4.23防冻freezeprotection防止集热器及"Ar天管道中的流体因受冻而损坏系统装置的措施。4.24排放系统draindownsystem传热工质可从集热器排出而不再利用的太阳热水系统。4.25直流式〔太阳热水〕系统、ries-connectedsystem;once-throughsystem传热工质一次流过集热器加热后，便进入储水箱或用热水处的非循环太阳热水系统。其储水箱的作用仅为蓄存集热器所排放的热水4.26分离式〔太阳热水〕系统remotestoragesystem集热器与储热器相互分开一定距离安装的太阳热水系统。4.27紧凑式太阳热水器close-coupledsolarwaterheater集热器与储热器靠在一起，且安装在一个共用支架上的太阳热水器同义词紧凑式〔太阳热水〕系统close-coupledcollectorstoragesystem4.28整体式太阳热水器integralcollectorstoragesolarwaterheater集热器与储水箱合为一体的太阳热水器。同义词整体式〔太阳热水〕系统integralcollectorstoragesystem;闷晒式C太阳〕热水器4.29热管太阳热水器heatpipesolarwaterheater GB12936.2一91利用热管做集热和传热器件的太阳热水器。4.30集热器子系统collectorsubsystem包括管道及支架等附件在内的以集热器为主的部件组合4.31输配子系统distributionsubsystem从储热器(或换热器)至最终用热地点所需的部件组合。4.32工作状态in-servicecondition使用寿命期间，太阳加热系统及其部件所面临的正常状态。其中不包括滞止状态。4.33流动状态flowcondition为实现正常的运行状态，传热工质在集热器或集热器阵列中流动时所达到的状态。4.34备用状态stand-bycondition储水箱内无输入或输出能量时，太阳热水系统所达到的状态。4.35滞止状态stagnationcondition传热工质停止流动后，集热器仍继续接收较强太阳辐射时，太阳热水系统所达到的准稳态状态4.36滞止沮度stagnationtemperature滞止状态下，处于最强太阳辐照度和最高环境空气温度条件下，太阳集热器吸热体所达到的最高温度。4.37当it长度equivalentlength在太阳加热系统的水力计算中，为方便起见，将局部阻力折算成与之相当的摩擦阻力后，系统或管段所应增加的名义长度。4.38水力计算hydrauliccalculation为使太阳加热系统中各管段的流量符合设计要求所进行的管径选择、阻力计算及压力平衡等一系列运算过程。4.39局部阻力localresistance特指流体流经管道的一些附件(如阀门、三通、弯头等)时，由于流动方向和速度的改变产生局部旋涡和撞击而形成的阻力。4.40幸擦阻力frictionalresistance当流体沿管道流动时，由于流体分子间及其与管壁间的摩擦而引起的阻力。同义词沿程阻力4.41取水流ffwaterdrawrate规定时间内，从太阳热水系统出口处取出的热水流量。单位为公斤每秒(kg/s).同义词供水流量waterdeliveryrate4.42取水温度draw-offtemperature规定时间内，从太阳热水系统出C1处取出的热水温度。单位为绝对温度(k),同义词供水温度deliverytemperature4.439负荷(L)load根据典型日试验所确定的每日从太阳热水系统中输出的能量。即该系统日供热水质量、比热及温升的乘积。单位为焦〔耳〕每日(J/d),4.44太阳能保证率(f)solarfraction太阳加热系统中由太阳能提供的负荷与总负荷之比。4.45节能率fractionalenergysavings采用太阳能系统节约的常规能源耗能量占原耗能量的百分率。4.46太阳热水系统效率solarwaterheatingsystemefficiency规定时段内，太阳热水系统输出的能量与输入的太阳辐射能量之比。 GB12936.2一914.47平均日效率全天累积太阳辐照量大于规定值的条件下，太阳热水器储水全天所获得的能量与入射在其采光面积上的太阳辐射能址之比。它表示试验当天气候条件下太阳热水器的热性能。 CB12936.2一91附录A汉语拼音索引(补充件).3-60风速····，·····⋯⋯.3l6:二复合抛物面集热器⋯一二被动式太阳能系统·······，，，······，，，···‘】··⋯4.4辅助热源甲，·······⋯⋯备用状态·............................................4.34G表面式换热器······⋯⋯‘二‘二‘’“‘’‘”‘’““‘”‘’3.23部件·····················，，，，·············⋯⋯3.1隔热体·-，··⋯3.4!18跟踪集热器⋯:.5l跟踪误差⋯⋯4]采光口······················，·········，····⋯⋯3.29供水流量··⋯械采光面积......................................”二’二3.门5供水温度⋯⋯356采光平面······，·····‘··，·，，，··一‘·，·，·⋯‘’二3.30工质出口温度35敞开系统·······················⋯⋯”‘·⋯’·’‘二‘二4.21工质进门温度357槽形抛物面集热器········，············、-···⋯⋯3.12工质平均温度出口····，···········，·····，·，················⋯⋯3.44工作状态⋯⋯4.32储热器··········································⋯⋯3.25’H储热容，······················，············，·⋯⋯’二3.77储水槽·············，······.....................·一3.26环境风速3.61储水〔容〕量····，··········⋯⋯‘二’二‘二’二‘二‘”‘’‘3.76环境空气3.58储水箱··，············，···········，····一3.26环境〔空气〕温度3.59传热工质·······················⋯⋯”，·⋯‘二’二‘二354换热器······⋯⋯3.22回流系统·····。二4.22D当量长度································⋯⋯‘二”·4.37点聚焦〔型〕集热器···························⋯⋯3.]1几何聚光比······⋯⋯”““””’‘’‘3.52定日镜·...............................................3.40集〔流〕管·········4··⋯‘二”“’·““‘’3.34多反射平面集热器·····························一3.17集热器盖板···⋯⋯’二‘”‘’‘’.“”’‘3.35集热器流动因子······，1····，一3.73E集热器热迁移因子··········，·⋯⋯3.71额定〔作压力·······4··，···⋯⋯‘二‘’·””““‘”3.74集热器热转移因子·········‘··⋯⋯3.71〔集热器〕瞬时效率···········，·，·⋯3.67集热器效率⋯⋯’二’““’‘””’‘二“’3.66防冻··，··‘···，，·········甲，，··················一4.23集热器效率因子············⋯⋯3.7211成象集热器·············，·····················一3.15集热器阵列··⋯“二’二‘’“‘’‘”””‘’3.19非聚光〔型〕集热器·····‘···········，·········⋯⋯3.5集热器子系统·················⋯⋯4.30菲涅耳集热器···········....................·一3.14集热器总面积·········⋯3.48非选择性表面·································⋯⋯3.36机械循环系统······⋯⋯4.11分离式〔太阳热水〕系统·，·····················一4.26家用太阳热水器··⋯4.15封闭系统..................，，········，·······⋯⋯4.19间接系统···········，，二4.I9 GB12936.2-91间壁式换热器·································⋯⋯3.23节能率··········································⋯⋯4.45接收器................................................3.39热管太阳热水器·...................................4.29紧凑式太阳热水器···························⋯⋯4.27热虹吸系统····································⋯⋯4.10紧凑式〔太阳热水〕系统······················一4.27热交换器·······································⋯⋯3.22进Cl...................................·········⋯⋯3.43热效率曲线········。·········，·················⋯⋯3.68局部阻力················，······················⋯⋯4.39〔日〕负荷·······································⋯⋯4.43〔聚光集热器〕净采光面积··················⋯⋯3.47入射角修正系数·····························⋯⋯3.69〔聚光集热器〕总采光面积···················一3.46聚光器···························、············⋯⋯3.38聚光〔型〕集热器······························⋯⋯3.9时间常数..............................‘二’二’·’3.75涓流集热器····································⋯⋯3.7输配子系统········⋯⋯‘二‘’“‘”’“‘””’‘’4.31双回路系统·················⋯⋯’二‘二“”‘’4.18水力计算··························⋯⋯‘二’·‘开口···············································一3.29瞬时效率特性······⋯⋯’‘’‘”‘””‘””””’:.::开口系统·····························，··。······⋯⋯4.20空气〔IWD集热器······························⋯⋯3.4空晒·············································⋯⋯3.65〔太阳〕集热器控制器··········································⋯⋯3.20太阳能保证率刁4.3.礴424太阳能带辅助热源系统4.8太阳能独立系统⋯⋯4.6流动状态······⋯⋯......⋯⋯4.33太阳〔能〕加热系统⋯4.1太阳能3气系统··⋯4.13M364太阳能系统⋯⋯4.2闷晒············⋯⋯428太阳能预热系统44.1.7闷晒式〔太阳〕热水器·····一4.19太阳热水器···⋯⋯4.12密封系统4.0太阳热水系统···⋯⋯4.6摩擦阻力太阳热水系统效率⋯3.5通量聚光比⋯32942透光口⋯3.45排放系统⋯3透光面积⋯3.5排管···⋯⋯透明盖板找抛物槽集热器⋯⋯l3抛物盘集热器···⋯⋯平板〔型太阳〕集热器3.6外壳⋯3.42平均日效率····，.········⋯⋯4.47温差控制器3.21稳态··⋯⋯3.62328器件···························⋯⋯4.1强制循环系统···············⋯⋯350吸热板···⋯⋯’二’·‘’‘.‘.‘3.32倾〔斜〕角⋯⋯’二”’“““’‘’“““41吸热体···⋯⋯‘二’二”””3.31取水流觉...........................42吸热体面积·········⋯⋯3.49取水温度·········⋯⋯”””””‘线聚焦〔型〕集热器⋯⋯3.10 GB12936.2一91相变太阳能系统········，····················。⋯⋯4.5整体式太阳热水器···························⋯⋯4.28蓄热器··········································⋯⋯3.25整体式〔太阳热水〕系统·····················⋯⋯4.28蓄热容································”······⋯⋯3.77直接系统····················，··················⋯⋯4.17蓄水〔容〕量······“·“·························⋯⋯3.76直流式〔太阳热水〕系统·····················⋯⋯4.25蓄水箱···········“·············”·············⋯⋯3.26滞止温度·······································⋯⋯4.36选择性表面····································⋯⋯3.37滞止状态·······································⋯⋯4·35旋转抛物面集热器···························⋯⋯3.13主动式太阳能系统···························⋯⋯4.3循环系统·...........................................4.9贮热器··········································⋯⋯3.25贮热容··········································⋯⋯3.77Y贮水〔容〕量·········、··················。······⋯⋯3.75压力温度安全器··········⋯⋯贮水箱························。·················⋯⋯3.26沿程阻力··········“......⋯⋯:.:;准稳态··········································⋯⋯3.63;液体〔型〕集热器二33..437自然循环式〔太阳〕热水器··················⋯⋯4.16有效采光面积⋯自然循环系统·································⋯⋯4.10总热损系数···································⋯⋯3.70z真空管集热器·······························⋯⋯3·8附录B英文字母索引(补充件)Aabsor址rer...............。二。·······⋯⋯。。·⋯。。。。。。。。。。。.。。。。。。。。。.。。。。。。。。。.。。·。···⋯⋯‘。.。。。。。⋯。。二absor比area··························································································⋯⋯absorberplateactivesolar(energy)systemairtypecollector·················。······························。。·····。。······。···。··············，··⋯ambientairambient(air)temperature............................................................................⋯⋯aperture.，⋯，...··⋯⋯’··.··.·..⋯⋯”.’..·.⋯⋯”.⋯’··⋯’.·.·⋯⋯’.“·‘”’.‘.“”.’.‘’.aperturearea’··.··.··.⋯⋯”’‘...........................·一’‘“”二“..，二‘’.’“’.’‘“二apertureplaneauxiliarythermalsourcefcirculatingsystem盯close-coupledcollectorstoragesystem4.27close-coupledsolarwaterheater44l9closedsystem················⋯⋯’⋯⋯’.⋯⋯3l9collectorarray186 Gs12936.2一91collectorcoverplatecollectorefficiency:::Q行们collectorefficientfactor了乙U.C︻心collectorflowfactor口了dt，一lcollectorheatremovalfactord:了esJ勺八collectorsubsystem任曰UQ，一一component曰.一JqIrrcompoundparabolic(concentrating)collectord。J几nr口concentratingcollector··················。·················。···························。···············。·······。⋯⋯”。·;、丹rconcentratorJ曰目矛.‘心Q了乃.controller…乙.d月‘Jdeliverytemperature·········⋯⋯J通乙C，differentialtemperaturecontrollernJ17directsystem............q.1.An]ndistributionsubsystem.…Jl亡domesticsolarwaterheater皿刁Jl只doubleloopsystemq卫月几，，drainbacksystem…︸Jq.draindownsystem马6q日力，q件draw-offtemperature户effectivealXrturearea3.47element3.28equivalentlength4.37evacuatedtubecollector3.8facetedcollectorflatplate(solar)collector3.33.167J，qflowconditionq，曰Uo亡工fluidinlettemperatured…刁勺C5户fluidoutlettemperature乃n，亡Cfluxconcentrationratiod口nj1，forcedcirculation.Systemq…...JJ亡fractionalenergysavings呀比JJ0八freezeprotection马乙八Fresnelcollectorfrictionalresistance:一:geometricconcentratingratio3.52187 GB12936.291八六gtossaperturearCaqcollector户.::gtossarea134heacer32heatexchanger429heatninesolarwaterheater354heattransferfluid刊heliostat438hydrauliccalculation2的incidentanglemodifier曰月18qindirectsvstem勺招月inlet月qin-serviceconditions六n.::instantaneous(collector)efficiencyinsulator3.41integralcollectorstoragesolarwaterheater4.28integralcollectorstoragesystem4.28Llinefocuscollector···················⋯⋯......................。二。二。。。。。。。.o..⋯，⋯‘.⋯‘⋯⋯3.10liquidtypecollector3.3load4.43localresistance4.39Mmeanfluidtemperature3.57Nnaturalcyclesolarwaterheater4.土6naturalcyclesystem4.10neta卿rturearea3.47nominalworkingpressure3.74non-concentratingcollector·······················································································⋯⋯3.5non-imagingcollector················，·········································································⋯⋯3.15non-selectivesurface··············。·。········································································。··。⋯⋯3.36O25once-throughsystem421opensystem442outercasing3ax GB12936.2--91勺doutlet弓八overallheatlosscoefficient.::Pq闪raboliedishcollector钊门nparabolictroughcollector.{:part3.28passivesolar(energy)system4.4phasechangesolarsystem4.5pointfocuscollector3.}1pressure-temperaturereliefdevice3.夕4Qquasi-steadystate3.63Rreceiver··。········。。·，················································。。·········································。⋯⋯3.39remotestoragesystem·································。。·············，·································..........4.26Ssealedsystem··。·········································。··，················。··。······················。·············。⋯4.19selectivesurface···.··。·...·.·..··.·············································。····。·····。··..........................3.37series-connectedsystem········，··················································，······························⋯⋯4.25solarairheatingsystem................................................................................................4.13(solar)collector···································································································⋯⋯3.2solar(energy)system····························································································⋯⋯4.2solarfraction···········，。。···。····。·。······································。···。····。························。。⋯⋯4.44solarheatingsystem·················.................................................................................4.1solarhotwatersystem·······································································，··················⋯⋯4.12solaronlysystem········································。·························································⋯⋯4.6solarplussupplementarysystem··············································································⋯⋯4.8solarpreheatsystem···························································································⋯⋯4.7solarthermalcollector·····················································································。。·····⋯⋯3.2solarwaterheater。。·。··································。························。········。······················.⋯⋯4.14solarwaterheatingsystem································，······················································⋯⋯4.12solarwaterheatingsystemefficiency······································································⋯⋯4.46stagnationcondition·····················。··。··。··························。。·。··。································⋯⋯4.35stagnationtemperature····························..................................................................4.36stand-bycondition·········································。······。··················。·······················。··。·。。·。二4.34steady-state····················。····························。·。·。···················。··。····················。。···⋯⋯3.62storagecapacity··········。·，。··，··························。·····································。···············⋯⋯3.77storagetank·········。·。························。·。·················································。······，·····⋯⋯3.26surfaceheatexchanger··································································。················。······⋯⋯3.23189 GB12936.2一91surroundingairspeed3.6I3.76tankcapacity渊thermalefficiencycurve325thermalstoragedevice410thermosiphonsystem350tiltangle375timeconstanttrackingcollectortrackingerro了:.:{tricklecollectortubebank333;ventedsystem4.70waterdeliveryrate4.41叭ater4.41windsdpreaewd3.60附加说明:本标准由全国能源基础与管理标准化技术委员会提出。本标准由全国能源基础与管理标准化技术委员会名词术语分委员会归口。本标准由中国标准化与信息分类编码研究所和清华大学热能工程系负责起草。本标准主要起草人岑幻霞、王黛。'