- 3.21 MB
- 2022-04-22 13:39:56 发布
- 1、本文档共5页,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,可选择认领,认领后既往收益都归您。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细先通过免费阅读内容等途径辨别内容交易风险。如存在严重挂羊头卖狗肉之情形,可联系本站下载客服投诉处理。
- 文档侵权举报电话:19940600175。
'毕业设计论文前言进入二十一世纪以来,随着社会的进步与科技的发展,空调制冷技术也日益发展成熟。作为一名空调技术人员,重要的是在加强自己的理论知识的同时,注重实践经验的积累,为人类创造更舒适的学习、工作及生活环境。毕业设计是对毕业生大学四年所学知识的一次系统检测,同时也是对学生综合能力的一次系统提升。通过毕业设计,可以培养学生独立思考、解决工程实际问题的能力。通过本设计,学生可以基本掌握空调系统设计的基本流程,对以后参与工程建设及设计有很大的帮助。本次空气调节的毕业设计是深圳市宝安区广播电视大厦的空调系统设计,该大厦地处深圳宝安区兴华一路与宝安大道交汇处,是一座以办公为主要功能的大楼。本设计给出了该大厦空调系统的全套设计方案,包括空调系统的负荷计算、设备的选型、管路的布置、管路的水力计算、通风及气流组织计算以及建筑防排烟等内容。在设计过程中,本人多方查找空调设计的资料,征求老师和同学们的意见,力求设计符合规范,达到老师给定的设计要求。设计过程中遇到了许多以前课程设计中从未遇到过的工程实际问题,对本人来说是一次不小的考验,但同时也在解决这些问题的过程中慢慢的提高自己的知识运用能力,具备了一些基本的设计能力,使我受益匪浅。设计过程中,本人不但专业综合素质得到提高,而且提高了许多办公软件的熟练度,如Excel,Word。特别是CAD制图,本人已能熟练运用。本次设计得到了张登春老师的悉心指导及教研室其他老师的教诲,在此特向诸位老师表示衷心的感谢,同时也感谢同组人员的帮助与协作。由于本人所学知识有限、经验不足,设计中的错误及不合理之处在所难免,敬请各位老师批评指正。
某广播电视大厦暖通空调系统设计摘要:本设计为深圳某广播电视大厦的空调设计。在该设计中计算了该大厦的各种空调冷负荷,包括围护结构、人体、照明、设备等形成的冷负荷以及人体散湿形成的湿负荷。根据空气处理设备对空气的处理过程和该大厦的建筑功能,选定了该大厦的空调系统方案——全空气系统和风机盘管加新风系统。根据设计方案的要求,进行了风系统、冷冻水系统、冷却水系统的水力计算以及各种设备和附件的选型计算。风系统中,采用了散流器送风、喷口送风和风机盘管侧送风三种比较常见的送风方式,回风采用了吊顶回风方式;水系统中,根据该建筑的等级和使用要求,冷冻水系统采用了同程式布置;设备选型时,力求做到经济、实用和安全。根据本专业的设计规范和工程设计程序,整个设计以经济安全节能为原则,以室内环境舒适为目的。由于该建筑有十七层,地上十五层,地下二层,高83m,属于高层办公建筑,因此,对地下车库做了通风及防排烟设计、对各层楼梯间前室和消防电梯间前室做了加压送风设计。关键词:冷负荷;全空气系统;空气-水系统;喷口;冷冻水系统;防排烟Major:BuildingEnvironmentandEquipmentEngineering Author:ZENGSheng Instructor:ZHANGDeng-chunAbstract:ThisdesignistheHVACsystemdesignoftheShenzhenBaoanBroadcastandTelevisionCenter.Ihavecalculatedeachkindofairconditioningcollingloadinthisdesign,whichisformedbytheenclosurestructure,thehumanbody,theillumination,theequipmentandsoon,aswellasthemoistureloadwhichisdispersedbythehumanbody.Accordingtothetreatingprocessesofairbytheairhandlingequipmentandtheconstructionfunctionofthisbuilding,Ihaveselectedtheair-conditioningsystemplanofthisbuilding——allairsystemandprimaryairfancoilsystem.Accordingtodesignproposal’srequest,Ihavecarriedoutthewaterpowercomputationofairsystem,chilledwatersystemandcoolingwatersystem,aswellastheshapingcomputationofotherequipmentandtheappendix.Inairsystem,Ihaveusedthreequitecommonblastsways:thedriftingblast,thenozzleblastandthefancoilsideblows.Thereturnairusesthesuspendedceilingreturnmethod;Inwatersystem,accordingtothisbuildingrankandtheoperationrequirements,thechilledwatersystemhasbeenusedthereversereturn;Whenselectingequipment,Imakegreatefforttoassureeconomical,practicalandsafe.Accordingtothisspecializeddesignstandardandtheengineeringdesignprocedure,theentiredesigntaketheeconomic,thesecurityandtheenergyconservationasaprinciple,takecomfortableenvironmentoftheindoorasthegoal.Becausethisbuildinghas17floors,onthegroundhas15,andundergroundhas2,withheightof83meters,belongstothehighofficebuilding,Therefore,theundergroundgaragehasbeendesignedforventilationandsmokecontrolandextraction.Eachstairhallandfireelevatorinfrontofroomhasbeenpressurizedtoguardagainstthesmoke.Keywords:coolingload;allairsystem;air-watersystem;spray;chilledwatersystem;smokecontrolandextraction第一章工程简述
第一节工程概况1该工程为深圳市某广播电视大厦空调设计。2本设计图依据批准规划图,建设单位所批方案进行设计。3该建筑为深圳市某广播电视大厦,地处华兴一路与宝安大道交汇处。共有17层,地下两层,地上15层,为一栋办公建筑,主要用于办公和演播.总用地面积6033.7m2,总建筑面积为31553.8m2。4本施工图所标尺除标高以米为单位外,其余尺寸均以毫米为单位。5墙体:(1)各层平面图中墙体厚度为240㎜,砖及沙浆标号详结施。(2)墙体防潮层设于-0.060处,铺设20厚1:2水泥沙浆(内掺5%防水剂)。(3)玻璃幕墙为双层中空玻璃幕墙,5mm玻璃+9mm空气+5mm玻璃,有内遮阳窗帘。(4)女儿墙为240㎜厚眠墙,最低处不得少于1100㎜。第二节设计内容及要求设计以全年空调系统为主,包括建筑物空调设计、制冷机房及空调设备选型设计。1主要内容:(1)工程概况包括工程名称、设计建筑物概况、建筑物地点及周边环境,建筑物面积,空调面积,建筑物层数及各楼层的功能,设计要求等;(2)设计参数确定室外设计参数,室内设计参数,建筑物设计参数;(3)空调负荷计算;(4)空调系统方案的选择及空气处理过程的确定;(5)空调冷热源的确定;(6)风系统设计及气流组织;(7)水系统设计;(8)防排烟设计。2设计要求:2.1图纸要求:(1)空调风系统平面图、剖面图、轴侧图;(2)空调机房平面图、剖面图;
(3)空调设备层平面图、剖面图;(4)空调水系统流程图、轴侧图;(5)膨胀水箱、集水器、分水器等大样图。2.2说明书要求:一律WORD录入,部分设计图用CAD绘制;说明书装订顺序:设计任务书,指导老师评语,答辩委员会评语,目录,前言,正文,参考文献。第三节主要气象资料本设计建筑物为深圳市宝安区广播电视大厦,查资料[Ⅰ]附表2.1:由于深圳与广州市相邻,故本设计中所有的数据均取广州地区。冬季日照率(%)40冬季101.95kPa冬季5℃大气压力室外计算干球温度`夏季100.45kPa夏季33.5℃夏季空气调节室外计算湿球温度:27.7℃最冷月平均70%冬季最多风向平均3.5m/s室外计算相对湿度最热月平均83%室外风速冬季平均2.4m/s最热月14时平均67%夏季平均1.8m/s室外最热月平均温度:28.4℃以上各计算参数均为1951年--1980年统计。
第二章负荷计算1室内外设计参数的确定:1.1室外设计参数:室外计算干球温度tg=33.5℃,空调计算日平均温度tg..p=30℃,相对湿度83%,日较差6.5℃。1.2室内设计参数:室内计算干球温度tg=26℃,相对湿度取60%。2建筑物设计参数:2.1房间围护结构类型:表2.1各围护结构夏季热工指标类型构造序号K(W/m2*K)βνfξ外墙外粉刷,钢筋混凝土空心板填充泡沫混凝土,内粉刷451.450.601.56.5内墙砖墙11.760.282.09.0玻璃幕墙单层钢窗2.1屋顶吊顶屋盖440.440.491.05.7由楼板和内墙的放热衰减度查《空气调节》表2-6可知房间均属重型建筑,该建筑围护结构大部分为玻璃幕墙,玻璃幕墙所采用的玻璃为底辐射镀膜玻璃,玻璃型号是双层中空玻璃幕墙,且只有内遮阳.即5mm玻璃+9mm空气+5mm玻璃,传热系数K=2.1W/㎡.K其他参数见《耀华在线低辐射镀膜玻璃》。在本设计中均按单层钢窗计算,无外遮阳,内设浅蓝布帘,取窗玻璃的遮挡系数Cs=0.7,窗内遮阳设施的遮阳系数Cn=0.60,窗的有效面积系数Xg=0.85,地点修正系数Xd=1.0.3负荷的主要内容:3.1本设计中考虑的冷负荷主要有以下几个部分组成:(1)通过围护结构传入室内的热量;(2)通过外窗传入室内的太阳辐射热量;(3)人体散热量;(4)照明散热量;(5)室内用电设备散热量。4第十二层空调负荷计算
4.1值班室冷负荷计算:4.1.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷计算公式:CLQτ=K*F*Δtτ(W)(2—1)式中CLQτ——冷负荷,W;K——围护结构传热系数,W/(m2.K);F——围护结构计算面积,m2。由教材《空气调节》附录表2-12查得计算时刻负荷温差Δtτ,K=2.1W/m2*K,F=3.75*5=18.75m2表2.2北外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F18.75CLQcτ94.5126.0157.5185.1212.6232.3248.1259.9263.8255.9244.1(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷计算公式:CLQτ=Jj.τ*Xg*Xd*Cs*Cn*F(W)(2—2)式中Jj.τ——负荷系数;Xg——窗的有效面积系数(取Xg=0.85);Xd——地点修正系数;Cs——窗玻璃的遮阳系数(取CS=0.7);Cn——窗内遮阳设施的遮阳系数(取Cn=0.6)。由教材《空气调节》附录表2-13查得计算时刻的负荷温度Jj.τ,,设Y=Xg*Xd*Cn*Cs表2.3北外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr6267748287888684828167F18.75Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr415.0448.5495.3548.9582.4589.1575.7562.3548.9542.2448.5南内墙按稳定传热计算:
该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则值班室南内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*18.75*4=132W东内墙同样按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,计算方法同上,K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则值班室东内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*6.9*5*4=243W4.1.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷计算公式:CLQτ=q*F*JLτ-t(W)(2—3)式中q——每平方米的照明功率,W/m2。由教材《空气调节》附表2-15查得照明散热的负荷系数JLτ-t,根据《中央空调》,在本设计中,照明功率根据不同房间而定。本房间取q=10W/m2,F=3.55*6.7=23.8m2Q=F*q=23.8*10=238W表2.4照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q238238238238238238238238238238238CLQτ-T0.0107.1149.9161.8171.4178.5185.6192.8197.5107.166.6(2)电器设备形成冷负荷计算公式:CLQτ=q*F*JEτ-t(W)(2—4)式中q——每平方米的电器设备功率,W/m2。由教材《空气调节》附录表2-14查得电器设备散热的负荷系数JEτ-t,在本设计中,设备功率取20W/m2,则F=3.55*6.7=23.8m2Q=F*q=23.8*20=476W表2.5电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q476476476476476476476476476476476CLQτ-T0.0276.1347.5371.3385.6399.8409.4418.9428.4171.4100.0
(3)人体显热形成冷负荷计算公式:CLQτ-T=N*Φ*q*JPτ-T(W)(2—5)式中φ——群集系数,见资料[3]中表11.4-15;N——计算时刻空调房间内的总人数;N=n*F;q1——名成年男子小时显热散热量,见资料[3]中表11.4-16,W;T——人员进入房间时算起到计算时刻的时间,h;Xτ-T——τ-T时间人体显热散热量的冷负荷系数,见资料[3]中表11.4-17。查资料[3]中表11.4-15得到群集系数:工作场所群集系数工作场所群集系数影剧院0.89体育馆0.92图书馆阅览室0.96百货大楼0.89旅馆、餐馆0.93纺织厂0.9值班室按0.1人/m2,房间面积F=3.55*6.7=23.8m2,房间总人数取2人,群集系数取0.89,以下计算相同。表2.6人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N22222222222Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16161616161616161616161CLQτ-T0.058.674.980.384.787.990.192.394.541.325.0(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷Qq=φ*N*q2(W)(2—6)式中:φ——群集系数,见资料[3]中表11.4-15;q2——名成年男子的潜热散热量,W;N——房间总人数。查教材《空气调节》表2-16得:一名成年男子在室温26℃时的散热量(W)和散湿量(g/h):名称室温26℃静坐:影剧院,会堂,阅览室
显热57潜热51散湿68极轻劳动:办公室,旅馆,体育馆,手表装配,电子元件制造显热61潜热73散湿109轻劳动:商店,化学实验室,电子计算机房,工厂轻台面工作显热66潜热105散湿184重度劳动:炼钢车间,排练厅,室内运动室,铸造车间显热134潜热273散湿408由上表知,在室内温度为26℃时,极轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=73W/人,具体计算列如下表。表2.7人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N22222222222q27373737373737373737373CLQq1461461461461461461461461461461464.1.3人体湿负荷W=N*Φ*w0(W)(2—7)式中W——每个房间总的湿负荷;w0——每个成年男子的散湿量,W/人;N——房间总人数,Φ——群集系数。W=NΦw0=2*0.89*109=194g/h4.1.4值班室总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.8计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00
北外幕墙CLQcτ95126158185213232248260264256244 CLQjr415448495549582589576562549542448南内墙CLQ132132132132132132132132132132132东内墙CLQτ-T243243243243243243243243243243243人体显热CLQτ-T059758085889092944125人体潜热CLQq146146146146146146146146146146146设备CLQτ-T0276347371386400409419428171100照明CLQτ-T010715016217117918619319810767总计CLQ总10311537174618681958200920302047205416391405CLQmax=2054W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=2054/(194/3600)=381154.2办公室一冷负荷计算:4.2.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷.(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—1K=2.1W/m2.K,F=3.75*5=18.75m2表2..9北外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F18.75CLQcτ94.5126.0157.5185.1212.6232.3248.1259.9263.8255.9244.1(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—2F=3.75*5=18.75m表2.10北外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr6267748287888684828167F18.75Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr415.0448.5495.3548.9582.4589.1575.7562.3548.9542.2448.5南内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.
该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则办公室一南内墙负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*18.75*4=132W4.2.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—3F=3.55*6.7=23.8m2Q=F*q=23.8*20=476W表2.11照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q476476476476476476476476476476476CLQτ-T0.0214.2299.9323.7342.7357.0371.3385.6395.1214.2133.3(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—4F=3.55*6.7=23.8m2Q=F*q=23.8*20=476W表2.12电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q476476476476476476476476476476476CLQτ-T0.0276.1347.5371.3385.6399.8409.4418.9428.4171.4100.0(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—5办公室按.0.1人/m2,房间面积为23.8m2,房间总人数取3人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.13人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N33333333333Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16161616161616161616161CLQτ-T0.087.9112.4120.5127.0131.9135.2138.4141.761.937.5
(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,极轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=73W/人表2.14人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N33333333333q27373737373737373737373CLQq2192192192192192192192192192192194.2.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=3*0.89*109=291g/h4.2.4办公室一总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.15计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00北外幕墙CLQcτ95126158185213232248260264256244 CLQjr415448495549582589576562549542448南内墙CLQ132132132132132132132132132132132人体显热CLQτ-T0881121211271321351381426237人体潜热CLQq219219219219219219219219219219219设备CLQτ-T0276347371386400409419428171100照明CLQτ-T0214300324343357371386395214133总计CLQ总8611504176419002001206120912116212915971314CLQmax=2128W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=2128/(291/3600)=263264.3广播部冷负荷计算:4.3.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—1K=2.1W/m2*K,表2.16北外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2
K2.1F74CLQcτ37.349.762.273.083.991.797.9102.6104.1101.096.3表2.17西外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F6CLQcτ30.240.350.459.268.074.379.483.284.481.978.1表2.18东外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F6CLQcτ30.240.350.459.268.074.379.483.284.481.978.1(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—2表2.19北外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr6267748287888684828167F74Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr163817701955216622982324.82271.92219.12166.321401770表2.20西外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr5164748488132213279308286210F6Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr109.2137.1158.5179.9188.5282.7456.2597.6659.7612.6449.8表2.21东外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00
JJr2742922621981481381281161008160F6Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr586.91313.51178.5890.6665.7620.8575.8521.8449.8364.4269.9南内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则广播部南内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*14.8*5*4=521W4.3.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—3F=13.5*5.55+1.2*6.7+1.2*6.7=88.2m2Q=F*q=88.2*20=1764W表2.22照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q17641764176417641764176417641764176417641764CLQτ-T0.07941111119912701323137614291464794494(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—4F=13.5*5.55+1.2*6.7+1.2*6.7=88.2m2Q=F*q=88.2*20=1764W表2.23电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q17641764176417641764176417641764176417641764CLQτ-T0.010231287.7137614291482151715521587635370.4(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—5广播部按.0.1人/m2,房间面积为88.2m2,房间总人数取9人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.24人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910
JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N99999999999Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16161616161616161616161CLQτ-T0.0263.8337.1361.6381.1395.8405.5415.3425.1185.7112.4(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,极轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=73W/人表2.25人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N99999999999q27373737373737373737373CLQq6576576576576576576576576576576574.3.3人体湿负荷(W)W=N*Φ*w0=9*0.89*109=873g/h4.3.4广播部总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.26计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00北外幕墙CLQcτ3750627384929810310410196 CLQjr16381770195521662298232522722219216621401770西外幕墙CLQcτ3040505968747983848278 CLQjr109137159180188283456598660613450东外幕墙CLQcτ3040505968747983848278 CLQjr58713131179891666621576522450364270南内墙CLQ521521521521521521521521521521521人体显热CLQτ-T0264337362381396406415425186112人体潜热CLQq657657657657657657657657657657657设备CLQτ-T010231288137614291482151715521588635370照明CLQτ-T07941111120012701323137614291464794494总计CLQ总36106610736975437631784780378182820461744897
CLQmax=8204热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=8204*(873/3600)=338274.4办公室二负荷计算:4.4.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷;(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—1K=2.1W/m2.K,F=4.0*5=20m2表2.27北外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F20CLQcτ100.8134.4168197.4226.8247.8264.6277.2281.4273260.4(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—2F=4.0*5=20m2表2.28北外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr6267748287888684828167F20Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr442.7478.4528.4585.5621.2628.3614.0599.8585.5578.3478.4南内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则办公室二南内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*20*4=140.8W4.4.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—3F=3.8*6.7=25.5m2Q=F*q=25.5*20=510W表2.29照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28
Q510510510510510510510510510510510CLQτ-T0.0229.5321.3346.8367.2382.5397.8413.1423.3229.5142.8(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—4F=3.8*6.7=25.5m2Q=F*q=25.5*20=510W表2.30电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q510510510510510510510510510510510CLQτ-T0295.8372.3397.8413.1428.4438.6448.8459183.6107.1(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—5办公室按.0.1人/m2,房间面积为25.5m2,房间总人数取3人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.31人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N33333333333Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16161616161616161616161CLQτ-T0.087.9112.4120.5127.0131.9135.2138.4141.761.937.5(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,极轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=73W/人表2.32人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N33333333333q27373737373737373737373CLQq2192192192192192192192192192192194.4.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=3*0.89*109=291g/h
4.4.4办公室二总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.33计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00北外幕墙CLQcτ101134168197227248265277281273260 CLQjr443478528585621628614600585578478南内墙CLQ141141141141141141141141141141141人体显热CLQτ-T0881121211271321351381426237人体潜热CLQq219219219219219219219219219219219设备CLQτ-T0296372398413428439449459184107照明CLQτ-T0230321347367383398413423230143总计CLQ总9031586186220082115217922102237225116861386CLQmax=2251热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=2251(291/3600)=278354.5器材室负荷计算:4.5.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—1K=2.1W/m2.K,F=3..5*5=17.5m2表2.34北外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F17.5CLQcτ88.2117.6147.0172.7198.5216.8231.5242.6246.2238.9227.9(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—2F=3..5*5=17.5m2表2.35北外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr6267748287888684828167F17.5Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr387.3418.6462.3512.3543.5549.8537.3524.8512.3506.0418.6
南内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则器材室南内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*17.5*4=123.2W4.5.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—3F=3.3*6.7=22.1m2Q=F*q=22.1*20=442W表2.36照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q442442442442442442442442442442442CLQτ-T0.0198.9278.5300.6318.2331.5344.8358.0366.9198.9123.8(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—4F=3.3*6.7=22.1m2Q=F*q=22.1*20=442W表2.37电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q442442442442442442442442442442442CLQτ-T0.0256.4322.7344.8358.0371.3380.1389.0397.8159.192.8(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—5器材室按.0.1人/m2,房间面积为22.1m2,房间总人数取2人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.38人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N22222222222Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16161616161616161616161
CLQτ-T0.058.674.980.384.787.990.192.394.541.325.0(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,极轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=73W/人表2.39人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N22222222222q27373737373737373737373CLQq1461461461461461461461461461461464.5.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=2*0.89*109=194g/h4.5.4器材室总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.40计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00北外幕墙CLQcτ88118147173198217232243246239228 CLQjr387419462512544550537525512506419南内墙CLQ123123123123123123123123123123123人体显热CLQτ-T059758085889092944125人体潜热CLQq146146146146146146146146146146146设备CLQτ-T025632334535837138038939815993照明CLQτ-T0199278301318332345358367199124总计CLQ总7451319155516801772182718531876188714131157CLQmax=1887热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=1887(194/3600)=349984.6电视一部负荷计算:4.6.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—1K=2.1W/m2.K,F=10.0*5=50.0m2表2.41北外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00
Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F50CLQcτ252336420493.5567619.5661.5693703.5682.5651(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—2F=10.0*5=50.0m2表2.42北外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr6267748287888684828167F50Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr11071196132114641553157115351499146414461196南内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则电视一部南内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*50.0*4=352W4.6.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—3F=9.8*6.7=65.7m2Q=F*q=65.7*20=1314W表2.43照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q13141314131413141314131413141314131413141314CLQτ-T0.0591.3827.8893.5946.1985.51024.91064.31090.6591.3367.9(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式2—4F=3.3*6.7=22.1m2Q=F*q=22.1*20=442W表2.44电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q13141314131413141314131413141314131413141314
CLQτ-T0762959102510641104113011561183473276(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式4-5电视一部按.0.1人/m2,房间面积为65.7m2,房间总人数取7人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.45人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N77777777777Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16161616161616161616161CLQτ-T0.0205.2262.2281.2296.4307.8315.4323.0330.6144.487.4(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,极轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=73W/人表2.47人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N77777777777q27373737373737373737373CLQq5115115115115115115115115115115114.6.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=7*0.89*109=679g/h4.6.4电视一部总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.48计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00北外幕墙CLQcτ252.0336.0420.0493.5567.0619.5661.5693.0703.5682.5651.0 CLQjr1106.71196.01320.91463.71553.01570.81535.11499.41463.71445.91196.0南内墙CLQ352.0352.0352.0352.0352.0352.0352.0352.0352.0352.0352.0人体显热CLQτ-T0.0205.2262.2281.2296.4307.8315.4323.0330.6144.487.4人体潜热CLQq511.0511.0511.0511.0511.0511.0511.0511.0511.0511.0511.0设备CLQτ-T0.0762.1959.21024.91064.31103.81130.01156.31182.6473.0275.9
照明CLQτ-T0.0591.3827.8893.5946.1985.51024.91064.31090.6591.3367.9总计CLQ总2221.73953.64653.25019.95289.85450.45530.05599.15634.04200.13441.2CLQmax=5634W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=5634/(679/3600)=298714.7广播制作室冷负荷计算:4.7.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.49北外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F7.5CLQcτ37.850.463.074.085.192.999.2104.0105.5102.497.7表2.50西外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F39.5CLQcτ199.1265.4331.8389.9447.9489.4522.6547.5555.8539.2514.3表2.51南外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F7.5CLQcτ37.850.463.074.085.192.999.2104.0105.5102.497.7(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.52北外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr6267748287888684828167F7.5
Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr166.0179.4198.1219.6232.9235.6230.3224.9219.6216.9179.4表2.53西外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr5164748488132213279308286210F39.5Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjτ719902104411851241186130043934434340332961表2.54南外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr4256677885868478675235F7.5Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr112.5149.9179.4208.8227.6230.3224.9208.8179.4139.293.7北、东内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则北内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*13*5*4=457.6W东内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*7.83*5*4=275.6W4.7.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=7.63*14.25=108.7m2Q=F*q=108.7*20=2174W表2.55照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q21742174217421742174217421742174217421742174CLQτ-T09781370147815651631169617611804978609(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=7.63*14.25=108.7m2Q=F*q=108.7*20=2174W
表2.56电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q21742174217421742174217421742174217421742174CLQτ-T012611587169617611826187019131957783457(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)广播制作室按.0.1人/m2,房间面积为108.7m2,房间总人数取11人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.57人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N1111111111111111111111Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16161616161616161616161CLQτ-T0.0322.5412.1441.9465.8483.7495.7507.6519.6226.9137.4(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,极轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=73W/人表2.58人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N1111111111111111111111q27373737373737373737373CLQq8038038038038038038038038038038034.7.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=11*0.89*109=1067g/h4.7.4广播制作室总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.59计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00北外幕墙CLQcτ3850637485939910410610298
CLQjr166179198220233236230225220217179西外幕墙CLQcτ199265332390448489523547556539514 CLQjr719902104411851241186130043934434340332961南外幕墙CLQcτ3850637485939910410610298 CLQjr11215017920922823022520917913994北内墙CLQ458458458458458458458458458458458东内墙CLQ276276276276276276276276276276276人体显热CLQτ-T0322412442466484496508520227137人体潜热CLQq803803803803803803803803803803803设备CLQτ-T012611587169617611826187019131957783457照明CLQτ-T09781370147815651631169617611804978609总计CLQ总2809569667847303764884799777108411132686576683CLQmax=11326W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=11326/(1067/3600)=382134.8休息室冷负荷计算:4.8.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)北、西、南内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则北内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*7.85*5*4=276.3W西内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*5.5*5*4=193.6W南内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*7.85*5*4=276.3W(2)东墙临室为通风井,故计算采用平均温度计算。K=1.76F=5.5*5=27.5m2则CLQ=KFΔT=1.76*27.5*4=193.6W4.8.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=7.65*5.3=40.5m2Q=F*q=40.5*10=405W
表2.60照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q405405405405405405405405405405405CLQτ-T0.0182.3255.2275.4291.6303.8315.9328.1336.2182.3113.4(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=7.65*5.3=40.5m2Q=F*q=40.5*10=405W表2.61电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q405405405405405405405405405405405CLQτ-T0.0234.9295.7315.9328.1340.2348.3356.4364.5145.885.1(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)休息室按0.2人/m2,房间面积为40.5m2,房间总人数取8人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.62人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N88888888888Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q14545454545454545454545CLQτ-T0.0173.0221.1237.1249.9259.5265.9272.3278.7121.873.7(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,静坐时成年男子的潜热q=63W/人表2.63人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N88888888888q26363636363636363636363CLQq504504504504504504504504504504504
4.8.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=8*0.89*68=484.2g/h4.8.4休息室总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.64计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00东墙CLQ194194194194194194194194194194194南内墙CLQ276276276276276276276276276276276北内墙CLQ276276276276276276276276276276276西内墙CLQ194194194194194194194194194194194人体显热CLQτ-T017322123725026026627227912274人体潜热CLQq504504504504504504504504504504504设备CLQτ-T023529631632834034835636514685照明CLQτ-T0182255275292304316328336182113总计CLQ总14442034221622722313234723742401242318941716CLQmax=2423W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=2423/(484.2/3600)=180144.9技术维修测试中心冷负荷计算:4.9.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外墙冷负荷计算公式:CLQτ=K*F*Δtτ–ε.(W)(2—7)式中CLQτ——冷负荷,W;K——围护结构传热系数,W/(m2*K);F——围护结构计算面积,m2。由教材《空气调节》附录表2-12查得计算时刻负荷温度Δtτ–ε,K=1.54W/m2*K.表2.65西外墙冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-ε1.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.510.511.5Δtτ-ε6555566791112K1.54F41.5
CLQτ-T383.5319.6319.6319.6319.6383.5383.5447.4575.2703.0766.9(2)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.66南外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F85CLQcτ428571714839963105311241178119611601106表2.67西外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F6.5CLQcτ32.843.754.664.273.780.586.090.191.588.784.6表2.68东外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F6.5CLQcτ32.843.754.664.273.780.586.090.191.588.784.6(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.69南外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr4256677885868478675235F85Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr12741699203323662579260925492366203315771062表2.70西外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr5164748488132213279308286210
F6.5Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr118.3148.5171.7194.9204.2306.3494.3647.4714.7663.7487.3表2.71东外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr2742922621981481381281161008160F6.5Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr635.8677.6608.0459.5343.4320.2297.0269.2232.1188.0139.2北内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则技术维修测试中心北内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*3.84*5*4=135.2W4.9.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=8.1*5.5+11.36*9.4+8.3*3.7=182m2Q=F*q=182*15=2730W表2.72照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q27302730273027302730273027302730273027302730CLQτ-T0.0122817191856196520472129221122651228764(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=8.1*5.5+11.36*9.4+8.3*3.7=182m2Q=F*q=182*20=3640W表2.73电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q36403640364036403640364036403640364036403640CLQτ-T0.0211126572839294830573130320332761310764.4
(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)技术维修测试中心按.0.1人/m2,房间面积为182m2,房间总人数取19人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.74人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N1919191919191919191919Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16161616161616161616161CLQτ-T0.0557.0711.7763.3804.6835.5856.2876.8897.4392.0237.2(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,极轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=73W/人表2.75 人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N1919191919191919191919q27373737373737373737373CLQq013871387138713871387138713871387138713874.9.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=19*0.89*109=1843.2g/h4.9.4技术维修测试中心总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.76计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00西外墙CLQτ-T383320320320320383383447575703767南外幕墙CLQcτ428571714839964105311251178119611601107 CLQjr12741699203323672579261025492367203315781062西外幕墙CLQcτ3344556474818690918985 CLQjr118149172195204306494647715664487东外幕墙CLQcτ3344556474818690918985
CLQjr636678608459343320297269232188139北内墙CLQ135458458458458458458458458458458人体显热CLQτ-T0557712763805836856877897392237人体潜热CLQq01387138713871387138713871387138713871387设备CLQτ-T0211126572839294830583130320332761310764照明CLQτ-T0122917201856196620482129221122661229764总计CLQ总304192451088911612121211261912981132251321892467342CLQmax=13225W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=13225/(1843.2/3600)=258304.10办公室三冷负荷计算:4.10.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.77南外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F18.5CLQcτ93.2124.3155.4182.6209.8229.2244.8256.4260.3252.5240.9(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.78南外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr4256677885868478675235F18.75Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr281.1374.9448.5522.1569.0575.7562.3522.1448.5348.1234.3北内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则办公室三北内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*18.5*4=130.24W
4.10.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=3.5*8.3=29m2Q=F*q=29*20=580W表2.79照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q580580580580580580580580580580580CLQτ-T0.0261.0365.4394.4417.6435.0452.4469.8481.4261.0162.4(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=3.5*8.3=29m2Q=F*q=29*20=580W表2.80电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q580580580580580580580580580580580CLQτ-T0.0336.4423.4452.4469.8487.2498.8510.4522.0208.8121.8(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式4-5办公室按.0.1人/m2,房间面积为29m2,房间总人数取3人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.81人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N33333333333Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16161616161616161616161CLQτ-T0.087.9112.4120.5127.0131.9135.2138.4141.761.937.5(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,极轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=73W/人表2.82 人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N33333333333
q27373737373737373737373CLQq2192192192192192192192192192192194.10.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=3*0.89*109=291g/h4.10.4办公室三总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.83计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00南外幕墙CLQcτ93124155183210229245256260253241 CLQjr281375448522569576562522448348234北内墙CLQ130130130130130130130130130130130人体显热CLQτ-T0881121211271321351381426237人体潜热CLQq219219219219219219219219219219219设备LQτ-T0336423452470487499510522209122照明CLQτ-T0261365394418435452470481261162总计CLQ总7241534185420212142220822432246220314821146CLQmax=2246W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=2246/(291/3600)=27785.64.11制作部工作室冷负荷计算:4.11.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.84南外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F37.5CLQcτ189.0252.0315.0370.1425.3464.6496.1519.8527.6511.9488.3表2.85西外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2
K2.1F6.5CLQcτ32.843.754.664.273.780.586.090.191.588.784.6(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.86南外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr4256677885868478675235F37.5Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr56274989710441137115111241044897696468表2.87西外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr5164748488132213279308286210F6.5Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr118.3148.5171.7194.9204.2306.3494.3647.4714.7663.7487.3北内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则制作工作部室北内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*37.5*4=264W2.内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=8.3*2.35+9.6*4.95=67m2Q=F*q=67*20=1340W表2.88照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q13401340134013401340134013401340134013401340CLQτ-T0.0603.0844.2911.2964.81005.01045.21085.41112.2603.0375.2(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=8.3*2.35+9.6*4.95=67m2Q=F*q=67*20=1340W
表2.89电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q13401340134013401340134013401340134013401340CLQτ-T0.0777978104510851125115211791206482.4281.4(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)制作部工作室按.0.1人/m2,房间面积为67m2,房间总人数取7人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.90人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N77777777777Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16161616161616161616161CLQτ-T0.0205.2262.2281.2296.4307.8315.4323.0330.6144.487.4(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,极轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=73W/人 表2.91 人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N77777777777q27373737373737373737373CLQq5115115115115115115115115115115114.11.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=7*0.89*109=679g/h4.11.4制作部工作室总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.92计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00南外幕墙CLQcτ189252315370425465496520528512488
CLQjr56275089710441138115111251044897696469北内墙CLQ264264264264264264264264264264264西外幕墙CLQcτ3344556474818690918985 CLQjr118149172195204306494647715664487人体显热CLQτ-T020526228129630831532333114487人体潜热CLQq511511511511511511511511511511511设备CLQτ-T0777978104510851126115211791206482281照明CLQτ-T06038449119651005104510851112603375总计CLQ总16773554429846864963521654895664565539653048CLQmax=5664W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=5664/(679/3600)=300304.12电视制作室冷负荷计算:4.12.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.93.南外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F118CLQcτ59479399111641338146215611635166016101536表2.94东外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F48CLQcτ241.9322.6403.2473.8544.3594.7635.0665.3675.4655.2625.0(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.95南外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr4256677885868478675235
F118Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr17692359282232853580362235383285282221901474表2.96东外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr2742922621981481381281161008160F48Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr46955003448933922536236421931987171313881028北内墙一按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则电视制作室北内墙一的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*14.8*5*4=521W北内墙二临室为空中花园上空,故计算采用平均温度计算。K=1.76F=8.7*5=43.5CLQ=KFΔT=1.76*43.5*4=306W4.12.3内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=23.5*9.4=220m2Q=F*q=220*20=4400W表2.97照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q44004400440044004400440044004400440044004400CLQτ-T01980277229923168330034323564365219801232(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=23.5*9.4=220m2Q=F*q=220*20=4400W表2.98电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q44004400440044004400440044004400440044004400
CLQτ-T0255232123432356436963784387239601584924(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算公式:同公式4-5电视制作室按.0.1人/m2,房间面积为220m2,房间总人数取22人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.99人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N2222222222222222222222Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16161616161616161616161CLQτ-T0.0645.0824.1883.8931.6967.4991.31015.21039.1453.9274.7(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,极轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=73W/人表2.100人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N2222222222222222222222q27373737373737373737373CLQq160616061606160616061606160616061606160616064.12.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=22*0.89*109=2134g/h4.12.4电视制作室总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表4.101计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00南外幕墙CLQcτ59579399111651338146215611635166016111536 CLQjr17692359282232863581362335393286282221911474东外幕墙CLQcτ242323403474544595635665675655625 CLQjr46955004449033932536236521931988171413881028北内墙一CLQ521521521521521521521521521521521
北内墙二CLQ306306306306306306306306306306306人体显热CLQτ-T064582488493296799110151039454275人体潜热CLQq16061606160616061606160616061606160616061606设备CLQτ-T0255232123432356436963784387239601584924照明CLQτ-T01980277229923168330034323564365219801232总计CLQ总97341608817948180581809618441185691845917956122959528CLQmax=18568W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=18568/(2134/3600)=313235第十三层空调负荷计算:5.1数据光钎电视冷负荷计算:5.1.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.102北外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F199CLQcτ10031337167119642256246526322758279927162591表2.103西外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F6CLQcτ30.240.350.459.268.074.379.483.284.481.978.1表2.104东外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F6CLQcτ30.240.350.459.268.074.379.483.284.481.978.1
(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.105北外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr6267748287888684828167F199Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr44044759525758256180625161095967582557544759表2.106西外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr5164748488132213279308286210F6Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr109.2137.1158.5179.9188.5282.7456.2597.6659.7612.6449.8表2.107东外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr2742922621981481381281161008160F6Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr586.9625.5561.2424.1317.0295.6274.2248.5214.2173.5128.5南内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则南内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*40.0*5*4=1408W东内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*6.9*5*4=243W西内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*6.9*5*4=243W5.1.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=6.7*18.7+12.4*5.5+8.7*6.7=251.8m2Q=F*q=251.8*20=503
表2.108照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q50365036503650365036503650365036503650365036CLQτ-T02266317234243625.377739284079417922661410(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=6.7*18.7+12.4*5.5+8.7*6.7=251.8m2Q=F*q=251.8*20=5036W表2.109电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q50365036503650365036503650365036503650365036CLQτ-T0.0292036763928407942304331443145321813.01057.6(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)数据设备、光钎设备机房按.0.1人/m2,房间面积为251.8m2,房间总人数取26人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.110人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N2626262626262626262626Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16464646464646464646464CLQτ-T0.0799.71022109611551199.6122912591288562.8340.6(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=117W/人表2.111人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N2626262626262626262626q2117117117117117117117117117117117CLQq30423042304230423042304230423042304230423042
5.1.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=26*0.89*184=4258g/h5.1.4数据光钎电视总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.112计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00北外幕墙CLQcτ10031337167219642257246626332758280027162591 CLQjr44054760525758266181625261105968582657544760西外幕墙CLQcτ3040505968747983848278 CLQjr109137159180188283456598660613450东外幕墙CLQcτ3040505968747983848278 CLQjr587625561424317296274248214174129南内墙CLQ14081408140814081408140814081408140814081408东内墙CLQ243243243243243243243243243243243西内墙CLQ243243243243243243243243243243243人体显热CLQτ-T08001022109611551200122912591288563341人体潜热CLQq30423042304230423042304230423042304230423042设备CLQτ-T0777978104510851126115211791206482281照明CLQτ-T06038449119651005104510851112603375总计CLQ总1110014056155301650017220177111799418198182111600514019CLQmax=24605W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=24605/(4258/3600)=20802.75.2侯播室冷负荷计算:5.2.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.113北外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F7.5CLQcτ37.850.463.074.085.192.999.2104.0105.5102.497.7
表2.114西外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F39.5CLQcτ199.1265.4331.8389.9447.9489.4522.6547.5555.8539.2514.3表2.115南外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F7.5CLQcτ37.850.463.074.085.192.999.2104.0105.5102.497.7(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.116北外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr6267748287888684828167F7.5Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr166.0179.4198.1219.6232.9235.6230.3224.9219.6216.9179.4表2.117西外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr5164748488132213279308286210F39.5Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr719.29021043.51184.5124118613003.63934434340332961.3表2.118南外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr4256677885868478675235F7.5Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357
CLQjr112.5149.9179.4208.8227.6230.3224.9208.8179.4139.293.7北、东内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则北内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*20.7*5*4=728.6W东内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*7.9*5*4=278W5.2.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=21.75*7.6=165m2Q=F*q=165*15=2475W表2.119照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q24752475247524752475247524752475247524752475CLQτ-T0.0111415591683178218561930.5200520541113.8693(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=21.75*7.6=165m2Q=F*q=165*15=2475W表2.120电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q24752475247524752475247524752475247524752475CLQτ-T0.014351806.81930.5200520792128.521782227891519.8(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)候播室按0.1人/m2,房间面积为165m2,房间总人数取17人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.121人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N1717171717171717171717Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89
q16363636363636363636363CLQτ-T0.0367.7469.8503.8531.1551.5565.1578.7592.3258.7156.6(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,静坐时成年男子的潜热q=45W/人表2.122人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N1717171717171717171717q24545454545454545454545CLQq107110711071107110711071107110711071107110715.2.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=17*0.89*68=1028.8g/h5.2.4侯播室总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.123计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00北外幕墙CLQcτ3850637485939910410610298 CLQjr166179198220233236230225220217179西外幕墙CLQcτ199265332390448489523547556539514 CLQjr719902104411851241186130043934434340332961南外幕墙CLQcτ3850637485939910410610298 CLQjr11215017920922823022520917913994北内墙CLQ729729729729729729729729729729729东内墙CLQ278278278278278278278278278278278人体显热CLQτ-T0368470504531551565579592259157人体潜热CLQq10711071107110711071107110711071107110711071设备CLQτ-T014361807193120052079212921782228891520照明CLQτ-T0111415591683178218561931200520541114693总计CLQ总33506593779283468715956710882119631246194747391CLQmax=12460W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=12460/(1028.8/3600)=43600
5.3演播大厅冷负荷计算:5.3.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外墙冷负荷(W)表2.124西外墙冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-ε1.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.510.511.5Δtτ-ε6555566791112K1.54F83CLQτ-T767639639639639767767895115014061534(2)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.125南外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F207CLQcτ10431391173920432347256527392869291228262695表2.126西外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F13CLQcτ65.5287.36109.2128.31147.42161.07171.99180.18182.91177.45169.26表2.127东外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F13CLQcτ6687109128147161172180183177169
(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.128南外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr4256677885868478675235F207Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr31044138495157646281635562085764495138432586表2.129西外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr5164748488132213279308286210F13Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr237297343390408613989129514291327975表2.130东外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr2742922621981481381281161008160F13Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr127213551216919687640594538464376278北内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则演播大厅上半层北内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*37.5*4=264W5.3.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=8.1*5.5+13.6*9.4+3.7*8.3=182m2Q=F*q=182*20=3640W表2.131照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00
JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q36403640364036403640364036403640364036403640CLQτ-T01638229324752621273028392948302116381019(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=8.1*5.5+13.6*9.4+3.7*8.3=182m2Q=F*q=182*20=3640W表2.132电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q36403640364036403640364036403640364036403640CLQτ-T0211126572839294830583130320332761310764(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)演播大厅按0.3人/m2,房间面积为182m2,房间总人数取55人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.133人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N5555555555555555555555Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16363636363636363636363CLQτ-T011891520163017181784182818721916837507(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,静坐时成年男子的潜热q=45W/人表2.134人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N5555555555555555555555q24545454545454545454545CLQq346534653465346534653465346534653465346534655.3.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=55*0.89*68=3328.6g/h
5.3.4演播大厅总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.135计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00西外墙CLQτ-T767639639639639767767895115014061534南外幕墙CLQcτ10431391173920432347256527392869291228262695 CLQjr31044138495157646281635562085764495138432586西外幕墙CLQcτ6687109128147161172180183177169 CLQjr237297343390408613989129514291327975东外幕墙CLQcτ6687109128147161172180183177169 CLQjr127213551216919687640594538464376278上北内墙CLQ264264264264264264264264264264264人体显热CLQτ-T011891520163017181784182818721916837507人体潜热CLQq34653465346534653465346534653465346534653465设备CLQτ-T0211126572839294830583130320332761310764照明CLQτ-T01638229324752621273028392948302116381019总计CLQ总1028216663193062068521674225632316623474232161764714426CLQmax=23474W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=23474/(3328.6/3600)=253885.4播控室冷负荷计算:因播控室负荷计算与制作部工作室相同,在此略去.5.5道具室冷负荷计算:5.5.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.136南外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F37.5CLQcτ189.0252.0315.0370.1425.3464.6496.1519.8527.6511.9488.3
(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.137南外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr4256677885868478675235F37.5Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr562.3749.7897.01044.21137.91151.31124.61044.2897.0696.2468.6北内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则道具室北内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*37.5*4=264W5.5.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=9.4*7.3=68.6m2Q=F*q=68.6*10=686W表2.138照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q686686686686686686686686686686686CLQτ-T0.0308.7432.2466.5493.9514.5535.1555.7569.4308.7192.1(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=9.4*7.3=68.6m2Q=F*q=68.6*10=686W表2.139电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q686686686686686686686686686686686CLQτ-T0.0397.9500.8535.1555.7576.2590.0603.7617.4247.0144.1
(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)道具室按.0.1人/m2,房间面积为68.6m2,房间总人数取7人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.140人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N77777777777Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16161616161616161616161CLQτ-T0.0205.2262.2281.2296.4307.8315.4323.0330.6144.487.4(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,极轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=73W/人表2.141人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N77777777777q27373737373737373737373CLQq5115115115115115115115115115115115.5.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=7*0.89*109=679g/h5.5.4道具室总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.142计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00南外幕墙CLQcτ189252315370425465496520528512488 CLQjr56275089710441138115111251044897696469北内墙CLQ264264264264264264264264264264264人体显热CLQτ-T020526228129630831532333114487人体潜热CLQq511511511511511511511511511511511设备CLQτ-T0398501535556576590604617247144
照明LQτ-T0309432466494515535556569309192总计CLQ总15262688318234723684379038363821371726832155CLQmax=3836W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=3836/(679/3600)=203385.6化妆室冷负荷计算:5.6.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.143南外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F25CLQcτ126168210246.75283.5309.75330.75346.5351.75341.25325.5(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.144南外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr4256677885868478675235F25Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr374.9499.8598.0696.2758.6767.6749.7696.2598.0464.1312.4北内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则化妆室北内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*25*4=176W化妆室东内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*9.8*5*4=345W5.6.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=4.8*9.6=46m2Q=F*q=46*15=690W
表2.145照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q690690690690690690690690690690690CLQτ-T0310.5434.7469.2496.8517.5538.2558.9572.7310.5193.2(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=4.8*9.6=46m2Q=F*q=46*15=690W表2.146电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q690690690690690690690690690690690CLQτ-T0400.2503.7538.2558.9579.6593.4607.2621248.4144.9(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)化妆室按.0.2人/m2,房间面积为46m2,房间总人数取10人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.147 人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N1010101010101010101010Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q6161616161616161616161CLQτ-T0.0293.2374.6401.7423.5439.7450.6461.5472.3206.3124.9(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,极轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=73W/人表2.148 人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N1010101010101010101010q27373737373737373737373CLQq730730730730730730730730730730730
5.6.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=10*0.89*109=970.1g/h5.6.4荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.149计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00南外幕墙CLQcτ126168210247284310331347352341326 CLQjr375500598696759768750696598464312北内墙CLQ176176176176176176176176176176176东内墙CLQ345345345345345345345345345345345人体显热CLQτ-T0293375402423440451461472206125人体潜热CLQq730730730730730730730730730730730设备CLQτ-T0400504538559580593607621248145照明CLQτ-T0311435469497518538559573311193总计CLQ总17522578302732583427352035693576352224772007CLQmax=3576W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=3576/(970.1/3600)=132705.7冷负荷计算:5.7.1部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.150南外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F43.3CLQcτ218.2291.0363.7427.4491.0536.5572.9600.1609.2591.0563.8表2.151东外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F48
CLQcτ241.92322.56403.2473.76544.32594.72635.04665.28675.36655.2624.96(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.152南外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr4256677885868478675235F43.3Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr649.2865.71035.71205.71313.91329.41298.51205.71035.7803.8541.0表2.153东外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr2742922621981481381281161008160F48Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr4695.35003.74489.63392.92536.12364.82193.41987.81713.61388.01028.2西内墙一按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则备用房西内墙一的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*9.6*5*4=338W北内墙临室为空中花园,故计算采用平均温度计算。K=1.76F=8.65*5=43.3CLQ=KFΔT=1.76*43.3*4=304.8W5.7.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=8.45*9.4=79.4m2Q=F*q=79.4*15=1191W表2.154照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q11911191119111911191119111911191119111911191CLQτ-T0.0536.0750.3809.9857.5893.3929.0964.7988.5536.0333.5
(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=8.45*9.4=79.4m2Q=F*q=79.4*15=1191W表2.155电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q11911191119111911191119111911191119111911191CLQτ-T0.0690.8869.4929.0964.71000.41024.31048.11071.9428.8250.1(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)备用房按.0.1人/m2,房间面积为79.4m2,房间总人数取8人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.156人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T0123445678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N88888888888Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16161616161616161616161CLQτ-T0.0234.5299.7321.4338.8351.8360.5369.2377.9165.099.9(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,极轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=73W/表2.157人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N88888888888q27373737373737373737373CLQq5845845845845845845845845845845845.7.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=8*0.89*109=776g/h5.7.4备用房总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.158
计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00南外幕墙CLQcτ218291364427491536573600609591564 CLQjr6498661036120613141329129812061036804541东外幕墙CLQcτ242323403474544595635665675655625 CLQjr46955004449033932536236521931988171413881028西内墙CLQ338338338338338338338338338338338北内墙CLQ305305305305305305305305305305305人体显热CLQτ-T0235300321339352360369378165100人体潜热CLQq584584584584584584584584584584584设备CLQτ-T06918699299651000102410481072429250照明CLQτ-T0536750810858893929965989536333总计CLQ总70319171943887878273829882408068769957954668CLQmax=9438W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=9438/(776/3600)=437846十四层空调负荷计算:6.1备用直播室冷负荷计算:6.1.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.159北外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F44.5CLQcτ224.28299.04373.8439.215504.63551.355588.735616.77626.115607.425579.39(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.160北外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr6267748287888684828167F44.5Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357
CLQjr985.01064.41175.61302.71382.11398.01366.21334.51302.71286.81064.4南内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则备用直播室南内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*44.5*4=313.3W备用直播室东内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*6.9*5*4=243W6.1.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=8.7*6.7=58.3m2Q=F*q=58.3*15=874.5W表2.161照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q874.5874.5874.5874.5874.5874.5874.5874.5874.5874.5874.5CLQτ-T0.0393.5550.9594.7629.6655.9682.1708.3725.8393.5244.9(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=8.7*6.7=58.3m2Q=F*q=58.3*20=1160W表2.162电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q11601160116011601160116011601160116011601160CLQτ-T0.0672.8846.8904.8939.6974.4997.61020.81044.0417.6243.6(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)备用直播室按0.1人/m2,房间面积为58.3m2,房间总人数取6人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.163人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23
N66666666666Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16161616161616161616161CLQτ-T0.0234.5299.7321.4338.8351.8360.5369.2377.9165.099.9(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,静坐时成年男子的潜热q=73W/人表2.164人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N66666666666q27373737373737373737373CLQq4384384384384384384384384384384386.1.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=6*0.89*109=582g/h6.1.4备用直播室总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.165计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00北外幕墙CLQcτ224299374439505551589617626607579 CLQjr9851064117613031382139813661334130312871064南内墙CLQ313313313313313313313313313313313东内墙CLQτ-T243243243243243243243243243243243人体显热CLQτ-T0235300321339352360369378165100人体潜热CLQq438438438438438438438438438438438设备CLQτ-T067384790594097499810211044418244照明CLQτ-T0394551595630656682708726394245总计CLQ总22043659424145574789492649895044507138653226CLQmax=5070W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=5070/(582/3600)=313606.2广播播控机房冷负荷计算:6.2.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷
(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.166北外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F68CLQcτ342.7457.0571.2671.2771.1842.5899.6942.5956.8928.2885.4表2.167西外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F6CLQcτ30.240.350.459.268.074.379.483.284.481.978.1表2.168东外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F6CLQcτ30.240.350.459.268.074.379.483.284.481.978.1(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.169北外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr6267748287888684828167F68Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr1505.11626.51796.41990.62112.02136.32087.72039.21990.61966.41626.5表2.170西外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr5164748488132213279308286210
F6Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr109.2137.1158.5179.9188.5282.7456.2597.6659.7612.6449.8表2.171东外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F6CLQcτ30.240.350.459.268.074.379.483.284.481.978.1南内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则南内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*13.6*5*4=478.7W6.3.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=6.7*1.2+12.2*5.55=75.7m2Q=F*q=75.7*15=1135.5W表2.172照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q1135.51135.51135.51135.51135.51135.51135.51135.51135.51135.51135.5CLQτ-T0.0511.0715.4772.1817.6851.6885.7919.8942.5511.0317.9(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=6.7*1.2+12.2*5.55=75.7m2Q=F*q=75.7*20=1514W表2.173电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q15141514151415141514151415141514151415141514CLQτ-T0.0878.11105.21180.91226.31271.81302.01332.31362.6545.0317.9
(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)广播播控机房按.0.1人m2,房间面积为75.7m2,房间总人数取8人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.174人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N88888888888Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16464646464646464646464CLQτ-T0.0246.1314.4337.2355.4369.1378.2387.3396.4173.2104.84)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=117W/人表2.175人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N88888888888q2117117117117117117117117117117117CLQq9369369369369369369369369369369366.3.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=8*0.89*184=1310g/h6.3.4广播播控机房总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.176计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00北外幕墙CLQcτ343457571671771843900942957928885 CLQjr15051626179619912112213620882039199119661626西外幕墙CLQcτ3040505968747983848278 CLQjr109137159180188283456598660613450东外幕墙CLQcτ3040505968747983848278 CLQjr587625561424317296274248214174129
南内墙CLQ479479479479479479479479479479479人体显热CLQτ-T0246314337355369378387396173105人体潜热CLQq936936936936936936936936936936936设备CLQτ-T08781105118112261272130213321363545318照明CLQτ-T0511715772818852886920942511318总计CLQ总40195977673870897339761378578048810664885402CLQmax=8106W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=8106/(1310/3600)=222766.4候播室一负荷计算:6.4.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.177北外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F20CLQcτ100.8134.4168197.4226.8247.8264.6277.2281.4273260.4(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.178北外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr6267748287888684828167F20Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr442.7478.4528.4585.5621.2628.3614.0599.8585.5578.3478.4南内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则候播室南内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*20*4=140.8W
2.内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=3.8*6.7=28.9m2Q=F*q=28.9*10=289W表2.178照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q289289289289289289289289289289289CLQτ-T0.0130.1182.1196.5208.1216.8225.4234.1239.9130.180.9(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=3.8*6.7=28.9m2Q=F*q=28.9*10=289W表2.179电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q289289289289289289289289289289289CLQτ-T0.0167.6211.0225.4234.1242.8248.5254.3260.1104.060.7(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)候播室按0.1人/m2,房间面积为28.9m2,房间总人数取3人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.180人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N33333633333Φ0.890.890.890.890.8930.890.890.890.890.89q16363636363636363636363CLQτ-T0.0242.2309.5331.9349.9363.3372.3381.3390.2170.5103.2(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,静坐时成年男子的潜热q=45W/人表2.181人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00
N33333333333q24545454545454545454545CLQq1351351351351351351351351351351356.4.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=3*0.89*68=181.6g/h6.4.4候播室一总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.182计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00北外幕墙CLQcτ100.8134.4168.0197.4226.8247.8264.6277.2281.4273.0260.4 CLQjr442.7478.4528.4585.5621.2628.3614.0599.8585.5578.3478.4南内墙CLQ140.8140.8140.8140.8140.8140.8140.8140.8140.8140.8140.8人体显热CLQτ-T0.0242.2309.5331.9349.9363.3372.3381.3390.2170.5103.2人体潜热CLQq135.0135.0135.0135.0135.0135.0135.0135.0135.0135.0135.0设备CLQτ-T0.0167.6211.0225.4234.1242.8248.5254.3260.1104.060.7照明CLQτ-T0.0130.1182.1196.5208.1216.8225.4234.1239.9130.180.9总计CLQ总819.31428.51674.71812.61915.81974.82000.72022.42032.91531.71259.4CLQmax=2033W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=2033/(181.6/3600)=403026.5广播直播室负荷计算:6.5.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.183北外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F67.5CLQcτ340.2453.6567.0666.2765.5836.3893.0935.6949.7921.4878.9(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)
表2.184北外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr6267748287888684828167F67.5Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr1494.01614.51783.21976.02096.52120.62072.42024.21976.01951.91614.5南内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则广播直播室西内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*6.9*5*4=243W广播直播室南内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*67.5*4=475.2W6.5.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=13.3*6.7=89m2Q=F*q=89*20=1780W表2.185照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q17801780178017801780178017801780178017801780CLQτ-T08011121.41210.41281.613351388.41441.81477.4801498.4(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=13.3*6.7=89m2Q=F*q=89*20=1780W表2.186电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q17801780178017801780178017801780178017801780CLQτ-T0.01032.41299.41388.41441.81495.21530.81566.41602.0640.8373.8(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)广播直播室按.0.1人/m2,房间面积为89m2,房间总人数取9人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。
表2.187人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N99999999999Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16161616161616161616161CLQτ-T0.0263.8337.1361.6381.1395.8405.5415.3425.1185.7112.4(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,极轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=73W/人表2.188人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N99999999999q27373737373737373737373CLQq6576576576576576576576576576576576.5.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=9*0.89*109=873g/h6.5.4广播直播室总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.189计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00北外幕墙CLQcτ340454567666765836893936950921879 CLQjr14941615178319762096212120722024197619521615西内墙CLQ243243243243243243243243243243243南内墙CLQ475475475475475475475475475475475人体显热CLQτ-T0264337362381396406415425186112人体潜热CLQq657657657657657657657657657657657设备CLQτ-T010321299138814421495153115661602641374照明CLQτ-T08011121121012821335138814421477801498总计CLQ总32095298624067357099731574227515756256334610
CLQmax=7562W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=7562/(873/3600)=311836.6电视新闻直播室冷负荷计算:因电视新闻直播室冷负荷计算与广播直播室相同,在此略去.6.7休息室冷负荷计算:因休息室冷负荷计算与十二层休息室相同,在此略去.6.8候播室二冷负荷计算:6.8.1因候播室二围护结构各部分的冷负荷与化妆室相同,再此略去.6.8.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=4.8*9.6=46m2Q=F*q=46*10=460W表2.190照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q460460460460460460460460460460460CLQτ-T0.0207.0289.8312.8331.2345.0358.8372.6381.8207.0128.8(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=4.8*9.6=46m2Q=F*q=46*10=460W表6.2.191电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q460460460460460460460460460460460CLQτ-T0.0266.8335.8358.8372.6386.4395.6404.8414.0165.696.6(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)候播室按.0.1人/m2,房间面积为46m2,房间总人数取5人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.192人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910
JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N55555555555Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16363636363636363636363CLQτ-T0.0151.4193.4207.5218.7227.1232.7238.3243.9106.564.5(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,静坐时成年男子的潜热q=45W/人表2.193人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N55555555555q24545454545454545454545CLQq2252252252252252252252252252252256.8.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=5*0.89*68=303g/h6.8.4化妆室总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.194计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00南外幕墙CLQcτ126168210247284310331347352341326 CLQjr375500598696759768750696598464312北内墙CLQ176176176176176176176176176176176东内墙CLQ345345345345345345345345345345345人体显热CLQτ-T015119320721922723323824410764人体潜热CLQq225225225225225225225225225225225设备CLQτ-T026733635937338639640541416697照明CLQτ-T0207290313331345359373382207129总计CLQ总12471694202822232366243724692459239016851329CLQmax=3576W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=2468/(303/3600)=29322
6.9用房冷负荷计算:因备用房与十三层备用房冷负荷计算相同,在此略去.7第十五层空调负荷计算:7.1前端机房冷负荷计算:7.1.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.195北外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F98.5CLQcτ496.4661.9827.4972.21117.01220.41303.21365.21385.91344.51282.5表2.196西外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F6CLQcτ30.240.350.459.268.074.379.483.284.481.978.1表2.197东外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F6CLQcτ30.240.350.459.268.074.379.483.284.481.978.1(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.198北外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr6267748287888684828167F98.5
Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr2180.22356.02602.22883.53059.33094.53024.12953.82883.52848.32356.0表2.199西外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr5164748488132213279308286210F6Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr109.2137.1158.5179.9188.5282.7456.2597.6659.7612.6449.8表2.200东外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr2742922621981481381281161008160F6Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr586.9625.5561.2424.1317.0295.6274.2248.5214.2173.5128.5南东内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则南内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*98.5*4=693.4W东内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*9.15*5*4=322W(3)屋顶传热量:计算公式:CLQτ=K*F*Δtτ–ε.(W)(2—8)式中CLQτ——冷负荷,W;K——围护结构传热系数,W/(m2*K);F——围护结构计算面积,m2。该屋顶为44号墙,查《空气调节设计手册》表2-26知,ε=5.7h,β=0.49,εf=0.4K=0.44W/m2.KF=13.55*8.0+6.35*9.1=166.2m2表2.201屋顶传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00
τ-ε2.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.310.311.312.3Δtτ-ε988911131619212325K0.44F166.2CLQτ-T658.2585.0585.0658.2804.4950.71170.01389.41535.71681.91828.27.1.2内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=13.35*7.85+6.15*9=160m2Q=F*q=160*15=2400W表2.202照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q24002400240024002400240024002400240024002400CLQτ-T0108015121632172818001872194419921080672(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=13.35*7.85+6.15*9=160m2Q=F*q=160*20=3200W表2.203电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q32003200320032003200320032003200320032003200CLQτ-T0185623362496259226882752281628801152672(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)前端机房按.0.1人/m2,房间面积为160m2,房间总人数取16人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.204人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N1616161616161616161616Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89
q16464646464646464646464CLQτ-T0.0492.1628.8674.4710.9738.2756.4774.7792.9346.3209.6(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,轻度劳动时成年男子的潜热q=117W/人表2.205人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N1616161616161616161616q2117117117117117117117117117117117CLQq187218721872187218721872187218721872187218727.1.3人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=16*0.89*184=2620.2g/h7.1.4前端机房总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.206计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00北外幕墙CLQcτ4966628279721117122013031365138613451282 CLQjr21802356260228833059309430242954288328482356西外幕墙CLQcτ3040505968747983848278 CLQjr109137159180188283456598660613450东外幕墙CLQcτ3040505968747983848278 CLQjr587625561424317296274248214174129屋顶CLQτ-T65858558565880495111701389153616821828南内墙CLQ693693693693693693693693693693693东内墙CLQ322322322322322322322322322322322人体显热CLQτ-T0492629674711738756775793346210人体潜热CLQq18721872187218721872187218721872187218721872设备CLQτ-T0185623362496259226882752281628801152672照明CLQτ-T0108015121632172818001872194419921080672总计CLQ总697910762121991292613541141061465415143154001229010642CLQmax=15400W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=15400/(2620.2/3600)=21158
7.2数字电视冷负荷计算:7.2.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外墙冷负荷(W)表2.207西外墙冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-ε1.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.510.511.5Δtτ-ε6555566791112K1.54F87CLQτ-T803.9669.9669.9669.9669.9803.9803.9937.91205.81473.81607.8(2)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.208北外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F100.25CLQcτ505.3673.7842.1989.51136.81242.11326.31389.51410.51368.41305.3表2.209东外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F12CLQcτ60.580.6100.8118.4136.1148.7158.8166.3168.8163.8156.2表2.210南外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F104.5CLQcτ526.7702.2877.81031.41185.01294.81382.51448.41470.31426.41360.6
(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.210北外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr6267748287888684828167F100.25Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr22192398264829353114314930783006293528992398表2.211东外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr2742922621981481381281161008160F12Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr1173.81250.91122.4848.2634.0591.2548.4496.9428.4347.0257.0表2.212南外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr4256677885868478675235F104.5Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr1566.92089.22499.52909.93171.13208.43133.72909.92499.51939.91305.7北、西、东内墙按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则数字电视北内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*4.4*5*4=154.88W数字电视西内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*9.15*5*4=322W数字电视东内墙的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*16.2*5*4=570.2W7.2.2屋顶传热量:F=17.75*9.15+7.9*22.15+8.3*23.0+11.56*1.3=526.7m2
表2.213屋顶传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-ε2.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.310.311.312.3Δtτ-ε988911131619212325K0.44F526.7CLQτ-T2085.71854.01854.02085.72549.23012.73708.04403.24866.75330.25793.77.2.3内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=17.55*9.15+7.7*21.95+8.3*20.8+11.36*1.3=517m2Q=F*q=517*15=7755W表2.214照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q77557755775577557755775577557755775577557755CLQτ-T03490488652735584581660496282643734902171(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=17.55*9.15+7.7*21.95+8.3*20.8+11.36*1.3=517m2Q=F*q=517*15=7755W表2.215电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q77557755775577557755775577557755775577557755CLQτ-T04498566160496282651466696824698027921629(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)数字电视按.0.2人/m2,房间面积为517m2,房间总人数取104人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.216人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23
N104104104104104104104104104104104Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q16161616161616161616161CLQτ-T0.03048.93895.94178.24404.04573.44686.34799.24912.22145.51298.6(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时极轻劳动时成年男子的潜热q=73W/人表2.217人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N104104104104104104104104104104104q27373737373737373737373CLQq7592.07592.07592.07592.07592.07592.07592.07592.07592.07592.07592.07.2.4人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=104*0.89*109=10089g/h7.2.5数字电视总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.218计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00西外墙CLQτ-T804670670670670804804938120614741608北外幕墙CLQcτ5056748429891137124213261389141113681305 CLQjr22192398264829353114314930783006293528992398东外幕墙CLQcτ6081101118136149159166169164156 CLQjr117412511122848634591548497428347257南外幕墙CLQcτ52770287810311185129513831448147014261361 CLQjr15672089250029103171320831342910250019401306北内墙CLQ155155155155155155155155155155155西内墙CLQ322322322322322322322322322322322东内墙CLQ570570570570570570570570570570570屋顶CLQτ-T20861854185420862549301337084403486753305794人体显热CLQτ-T03049389641784404457346864799491221461299
人体潜热CLQq75927592759275927592759275927592759275927592设备CLQτ-T04498566160496282651466696824698027921629照明CLQτ-T03490488652735584581660496282643734902171总计CLQ总1758129394336973572737504389944018341303419523201527922CLQmax=41952W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=41952/(10089/3600)=149707.3健身房冷负荷计算:7.3.1围护结构各部分的冷负荷(1)外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)表2.219南外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F56CLQcτ282.2376.3470.4552.7635.0693.8740.9776.2787.9764.4729.1表2.220东外窗瞬变传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00Δtτ2.43.24.04.75.45.96.36.66.76.56.2K2.1F48CLQcτ241.9322.6403.2473.8544.3594.7635.0665.3675.4655.2625.0(2)外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)表2.221南外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JJr4256677885868478675235F56Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr839.711191339155916991719167915591339.51039.6699.7表2.222东外窗日射得热冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00
JJr2742922621981481381281161008160F48Y0.85*1.0*0.6*0.7=0.357CLQjr46955004449033932536236521931988171413881028西、北内墙一按稳定传热计算:该内墙为一号砖墙,查《空气调节》附录2-9,该内墙的参数为:K=1.76W/m2.K,β=0.28.该内墙邻室为非空调房间,根据《空气调节设计手册》2-37式,CLQ=KF(twp+Δtls-tn)。因走廊散热量少且通风良好,故取Δtls=0℃,则twp+Δtls-tn=30+0-26=4℃。则健身房北内墙一的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*11.2*5*4=394W健身房西内墙一的冷负荷为:CLQ=K*F*4=1.76*6.87*5*4=242W7.3.2屋顶传热量:K=0.44W/m2.KF=11.2*9.6=107.5m2表2.223屋顶传热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-ε2.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.310.311.312.3Δtτ-ε988911131619212325K0.44F107.5CLQτ-T425.7378.4378.4425.7520.3614.9756.8898.7993.31087.91182.57.3.3内热源形成冷负荷(1)照明形成冷负荷(W)F=11.0*9.4=103.4m2Q=F*q=103.4*10=1034W表2.224照明形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JLτ-T00.450.630.680.720.750.780.810.830.450.28Q10341034103410341034103410341034103410341034CLQτ-T0.0465.3651.4703.1744.5775.5806.5837.5858.2465.3289.5(2)电器设备形成冷负荷(W)F=11.0*9.4=103.4m2Q=F*q=103.4*10=1034W
表2.225电器设备形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00JEτ-T00.580.730.780.810.840.860.880.90.360.21Q10341034103410341034103410341034103410341034CLQτ-T0.0599.7754.8806.5837.5868.6889.2909.9930.6372.2217.1(3)人体显热形成冷负荷(W)健身房按.0.2人/m2,房间面积为103.4m2,房间总人数取21人,群集系数取0.89。根据《空气调节》附录2-16,计算列于下表。表2.226人体显热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻8:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00τ-T012345678910JPτ-T00.540.690.740.780.810.830.850.870.380.23N2121212121212121212121Φ0.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89q1134134134134134134134134134134134CLQτ-T013521728185319532029207921292179952576(4)人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)由教材《空气调节》表2-16得,在室内温度为26℃时,重度劳动时成年男子的潜热q=273W/人表2.227人体潜热形成冷负荷(W)计算时刻08:0009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00N2121212121212121212121q2273273273273273273273273273273273CLQq579657965796579657965796579657965796579657967.3.4人体湿负荷(W)W=NΦw0=21*0.89*408=7625.5g/h7.3.5健身房总负荷CLQτ汇总(W)表2.228计算时刻8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00南外幕墙CLQcτ282376470553635694741776788764729 CLQjr840112013391559169917191679155913391040700
东外幕墙CLQcτ242323403474544595635665675655625 CLQjr46955004449033932536236521931988171413881028西内墙CLQ242242242242242242242242242242242北内墙CLQ394394394394394394394394394394394屋顶CLQτ-T42637837842652061575789999310881183人体显热CLQτ-T013521728185319532029207921292179952576人体潜热CLQq57965796579657965796579657965796579657965796设备CLQτ-T0600755807838869889910931372217照明CLQτ-T0465651703744776807838858465290总计CLQ总1291716050166471619915903160921621216196159091315611779CLQmax=16647W热湿比线ε=Q/(W/3600)=16647/(7625.5/3600)=7860
第三章风系统的确定及其水力计算第一节送风量的确定1总送风量的确定:因各房间热湿比线均在以上算出,在i-d图上找出室内空气状态点N,通过N点做各房间的热湿比线ε与相对湿度线φ=90%的交点,即为各房间的送风状态点O点,在i-d图上查出各房间的in,io.各房间送风量计算如下:G=ΣQ/(in-io)式中ΣQ——室内余热,kJ/h; io——送风点的焓值,kJ/kg; in——室内状态点似的焓值,kJ/kg。 按照换气次数验证送风量:查资料[1]表5.4.8:室温允许波动范围(℃)每小时换气次数注释±1.05高大房间除外±0.58-----±0.1~0.212工作时间不送风的除外换气次数n=G"/V(次/h),从上表可知,该设计中换气次数必须大于5次/h,小于5次/h的按5次/h计算.所以每个房间的总送风量G""=max(G",5V),具体计算如下:表2.227各房间总送风量(m3/h)名称ΣQioinGG"房间体积换风次数G""十二层kJ/hkJ/kgkJ/kgkg/hm3/hm3次/hm3/h值班室739451.2058.859678051196.8805办公室一766150.8058.859527931196.7793广播部2953151.0058.85376231354417.13135办公室二810050.8758.8510158461286.6846器材室679051.1258.858787321116.6732电视一部2028250.9658.85257121423296.52142广播制作室4077451.2058.85533044425448.24442休息室872350.1158.859988322034.11013技术维修测试中心4761050.7758.85589249109105.44910
办公室三808650.8758.8510138441455.8844制作部工作室2039050.9658.85258421543356.42154电视制作室6684551.0158.858526710511006.57105十三层数据光钎设备机房6555649.6858.857149595712594.76295候播室4485651.3158.85594949588256.04958演播大厅8450650.7658.8510446870518204.89100播控室2039050.9658.85258421543356.42154道具室1381050.3758.85162813573434.01715化妆室1287449.1658.85132911072304.81150备用房3397751.3158.85450637553979.53755十四层备用直播室1825251.0158.85232819402926.71940广播播控机房2918250.5458.85351229263797.72926候播室一731951.2558.859638031455.6803广播直播室272235158.85346828904406.62890电视新闻直播室3914651.1758.85509742485447.84248休息室864050.0858.859858212034.11013电视播控机房3882649.9558.85436236356865.33635候播室二888550.9358.8511229352304.11150备用房3397751.3158.85450637553979.53755十五层前端机房5544050.4558.85660055008006.95500数字电视15102749.5958.85163101359125855.313591健身房5558844.0258.85374831245176.031242回风量及回风负荷的确定:
在已知空调热(冷)湿负荷的基础上,利用不同的送风和排风状态来消除室内余热和余湿,以维持空调房间所要求的空气参数,下面详述送入空气的状态及空气量的确定。
2.1对于风机盘管系统:
根据i—d图(图1),可计算出风量G总:
从图上可以看出设计意图,对于风机盘管系统,本设计中采取新风加回风系统,室外新风和室内回风分别由新风机组和风机盘管单独处理,然后再混合送入各房间。
在i—d图上,首先确定室外空气状态点W,室内空气状态点N,通过N点作等焓线得到N点的焓值iN,再取N点的等焓线与90%相对湿度线相交点L1,然后再将W点与这个交点连接。通过N点作热湿比ε线,ε线与相对湿度90%线交于O点,再根据新回风比确定L2点。所以,从以上的处理过程来看,该系统将新风处理到室内空气等焓线上,新风不承担室内负荷,室内负荷全部由风机盘管负担,因此回风负荷等于房间冷负荷.计算公式:Gh=G总-G新 L2O/L1O=G新/Gh=io-iL2/iL1-io=do-dL2/dL1-do
iL2=io-G新/Gh(iL1-io)dL2=do-G新/Gh(dL1-do)具体计算列如下表:名称iodoG新GhiL1dL1iL2dL2回风负荷十二层kJ/kgg/kgm3/hm3/hkJ/kgg/kgkJ/kgg/kgW值班室51.212.5980.55724.9458.8514.6350.357.452054办公室一50.812.4879.30713.7458.8514.6349.917.332128办公室二50.8712.5084.59761.2858.8514.6349.987.352250器材室51.1212.5773.20658.7658.8514.6350.267.431886电视一部50.9612.53214.221927.9858.8514.6350.087.385634休息室50.1112.30160.00852.5058.8514.6348.473.572423办公室三50.8712.5084.44759.9258.8514.6349.987.352246制作部工作室50.9612.53215.361938.2558.8514.6350.087.385664
十三层播控室50.9612.53215.361938.2558.8514.6350.087.385664道具室50.3712.37140.001575.0058.8514.6349.628.243836化妆室49.1612.06200.00950.0058.8514.6347.122.213576十四层备用直播室51.0112.54194.011746.0558.8514.6350.147.395070候播室一51.2512.6080.25722.2558.8514.6350.417.462033休息室50.0812.30160.00852.5058.8514.6348.433.562400候播室二50.9312.52100.001050.0058.8514.6350.188.1124682.2对于吊顶式风柜系统:本设计中对于使用风柜的空调房间采用全空气系统,集中采集新风然后再通过风柜将室内回风和新风集中处理,再送入室内。在i—d图上,首先确定室外空气状态点W,过W点作等焓线,得到W点的焓值,再确定室内空气状态点N,通过N点作等焓线得到N点的焓值iN,将W点与N点相连,取中间空气混合点C。通过N点作热湿比ε线,ε线与相对湿度90%线交于L点,再将风柜中空气混合点C点与L点相连,得到以下i—d简图(图2):计算公式:Gh=G总-G新 NC/WC=G新/Gh=iC-iN/iW-iC=dC-dN/dW-dcQ=G总(iC-iL)iC=(GWiW+GhiN)/G总dC=(Gwdw+GhdN)/G总
具体计算列如下表:名称iLiNdNG新GhiWdWG总iCdc总冷负荷总冷负荷十二层kJ/KgkJ/kgg/kgm3/hm3/hkJ/kgg/kgm3/hkJ/kgg/kgkJ/hW广播部51.058.912.8313282188.821.5313561.8441.04079811333广播制作室51.258.912.8444399788.821.5444261.813.75673715760技术维修测试中心50.858.912.8491441988.821.5491061.813.76525718127电视制作室51.058.912.8711639588.821.5710561.813.79238125661十三层数据光钎设备机房49.758.912.8630566688.821.5629561.813.79189425526候播室51.358.912.8496446288.821.5495861.813.76267317409备用房51.358.912.8376338088.821.5375561.813.74747313187十四层广播播控机房50.558.912.8293263488.821.5292661.813.73969911027广播直播室51.058.912.8289260188.821.5289061.813.73761010447电视新闻直播室51.258.912.8425382388.821.5424861.813.75441215115电视播控机房50.058.912.8364327288.821.5363561.813.75189214414备用房51.358.912.8376338088.821.5375561.813.74747313187十五层前端机房50.558.912.8550495088.821.5550061.813.77520720891数字电视49.658.912.820801151188.821.51359163.414.122578262717健身房44.058.912.8420270488.821.5312462.914.07068219634第二节新风量的确定及其负荷计算1新风量及新风负荷的确定:1.1各房间新风量的确定,查资料[1]表5.3.8。房间名称每人最小新风量(m3/h)吸烟情况影剧院博物馆体育馆商店8无办公室图书馆会议室餐厅舞厅17无旅馆客房30少量
在本设计中为计算方便,所有房间均按20m3/h计算.Gw=N*G0式中Gw——新风量,m3/h;N——人数,人/房间;G0——每人的新风量,m3/h。1.2新风量的校验最小新风量Gwmin≥G*10%最小新风量Gwmin≥n*每人最小换气量最小新风量Gwmin≥局部排风量+维持正压的渗透风量,一般情况下比较前两项即可。1.3新风负荷的确定:查焓湿图确定室内外各状态参数如下:状态点干球温度湿球温度露点温度相对湿度含湿量容积水气分压焓W33.5027.7025.9964.4821.450.9033.7788.80N26.0020.3317.6660.0012.790.8620.4158.85计算公式:QW`=Gw`*(iw-in)式中:Gw`——新风量,kg/h;iw——室外新风的焓值,kJ/kg;in——室内回风的焓值,kJ/kg。具体计算列如下表:名称人数NG0Gw10%G``G新G新`iwinQwQW十二层人 m3/hm3/hm3/hm3/hkg/hkJ/kgkJ/kgkJ/hW值班室2204080.580.596.788.858.852895804办公室一3206079.379.395.288.858.852850792广播部920180313.5313.5376.288.858.85112673130办公室二3206084.684.6101.588.858.853040844器材室2204073.273.287.888.858.852631731电视一部720140214.2214.2257.188.858.8576992139广播制作室1120220444.2444.2533.088.858.85159634434休息室82016083.2160.0192.088.858.8557501597
技术维修测试中心1920380491.0491.0589.288.858.85176484902办公室三3206084.484.4101.388.858.853035843制作部工作室720140215.4215.4258.488.858.8577402150电视制作室2220440710.5710.5852.688.858.85255367093十三层数据光钎设备机房2620520629.5629.5755.488.858.85226246285候播室1720340495.8495.8594.988.858.85178174949演播大厅55201100870.51100.01320.088.858.853953410982播控室720140215.4215.4258.488.858.8577402150道具室720140135.7140.0168.088.858.8550321398化妆室1020200110.7200.0240.088.858.8571881997备用房820160375.5375.5450.688.858.85134963749十四层备用直播室620120194.0194.0232.888.858.8569731937广播播控机房820160292.6292.6351.288.858.85105172921候播室一3206080.380.396.388.858.852884801广播直播室920180289.0289.0346.888.858.85103862885电视新闻直播室1120220424.8424.8509.788.858.85152664241休息室82016082.1160.0192.088.858.8557501597电视播控机房1420280363.5363.5436.288.858.85130663629候播室二52010093.5100.0120.088.858.853594998备用房820160375.5375.5450.688.858.85134963749十五层前端机房1620320550.0550.0660.088.858.85197675491数字电视1042020801359.12080.02496.088.858.857475520765健身房2120420312.4420.0504.088.858.85150954193第三节空气分布器及房间气流分布形式1空气分布器的形式:空气分布器简称为送风口,其型式及其所具有的紊流系数a值对射流的扩散和空间内气流流型的
形成有直接影响。送风口的型式有多种多样,通常要按照空间的性质,对气流分布的要求和房间内部装饰的要求等加以选择。送风口的型式有:收缩喷口、直管喷口、单层活动百叶窗口、双层活动百叶窗口、孔板栅格风口、散流器、网络式柱形风口、固定导叶扇形风口、可调导叶扇形风口、径向贴附散流器、带平行百叶条形风口、管道式孔板、圆管式孔板等之外,还有带扇形的风口,球形风口及旋流式风口。2空间气流分布的形式空间气流分布的形式有多种,取决于送风口的型式及送排风口的布置方式。(1)上送下回由空间上部送入空气由下部排出的“上送下回”送风形式是传统的基本方式,图5-1中示出了三种不同的上送下上回方式。上送下回的气流分布形式送风气流不直接进入工作区,有较长的与室内空气混掺的距离,能够形成较均匀的温度场和速度场,方案(c)尤其适用于温湿度和洁净度要求高的对象。(2)上送上回下图中示出三种“上送上回”的气流布置方式,上送上回方式的特点可将送排(回)风管道集中于空间上部,方案(b)尚可设置吊顶使管道成为暗装。(3)下送上回图5-3示出了三种“下送上回”气流分布方式,其中a为地板送风,b为末端装置(风机盘管}送风,c为下侧送风。下送方式除b外,要求降低送风温差,故具有一定的节能效果,同时有利于改善工作区的空气质量。(4)中送风
在某些高大空间内,若实际工作区在下部,则不需将整个空间作为控制调节对象,采用如图5-4的中送风方式,可节省能耗。但这种气流分布会造成空间竖向温度分布不均匀,存在着温度分层现象。本设计第十二层到第十五层中使用风柜的房间均采用散流器上送上回式送风,不设回风管道,设置吊顶回风口;十三、十四层演播大厅采用双侧喷口上送下回送风方式;其他使用风机盘管的房间采用上送上回送风。3散流器的布置:根据空调房间的大小和室内所要求的参数,选择散流器的个数.一般按对称位置或者梅花形布置,梅花形布置时每个散流器送出气流有互补性,气流组织更加均匀.圆形或方形散流器显影送风面积的长度宽比不宜大于1:1.5。散流器中心线和侧墙的距离一般不应小于1m。布置散流器时,散流器之间的距离及离墙的距离,一方面使射流有足够射程,另一方面又应使设立扩散效果好。布置时充分考虑建筑结构的特点,散流器平送方向不得有障碍物。每个散流器所服务的区域最好为正方形或者接近正方形。如果散流器服务的区域的长宽比大于1.25时,适宜选用矩形散流器。本设计中各房间均采用方型散流器,具体布置见各层的平面图。4散流器的气流组织计算:以十二层广播部为例,该房间按四个散流器布置,每个散流器对应的服务面积
为:88.2/4=22.05m2,垂直射程为x’=5-3=2m,水平射程l为1.85m,2.75m.平均取l=2.3m,每个散流器的送风量为L0=3134.9/2=783.7m3/h.散流器的出口风速选顶为3m/s,这样F0=783.7/(3.0*3600)=0.0726m2,检查ux根据式:ux=u0检查ΔTx根据式:ΔTx=ΔT0式中m1=1.41(见教材≤空气调节≥表5-2,10)ΔT0=7~8℃取ΔT0=7℃x=x’+l=2+2.3=4.3mK1—根据0.1*l/=0.1*2.3/=0.8536,查图5-13,按L/x’=2.3/2=1.15,,在曲线10、11间插值得K=0.53K2—根据L/x’=2.3/2=1.15取:K2=1由于是散流器平送风,K3不用考虑.代入各已知值:ux=u0==0.14<0.2m/sΔTx=ΔT0=7=0.289<1℃计算结果表明ux和ΔTx均满足要求.5风机盘管气流组织计算:以十二层值班室为例,房间尺寸为6.7*3.55*5(长×宽×高)(m)(1)选用可调的双层百叶风口,其m1=3.4,n1=2.4(见《空气调节》表5-2.4),有效面积系数为0.8,F0=0.036m2(2)该房间为水平贴附射流,射流长度x=5.9-0.5+(3-2-0.3)=6.1m(取工作区高度2m,风口中心距顶棚0.1m,离墙0.5m为不保证区)。选用一个风口,Fn=3/*5=15m2
(3)利用各修正系数图求K1、K2、K3。按x0==0.7x/=0.7*6.1/15=1.1,查图5-13,曲线1得K1=0.97,即射流受限。按l/x=3.55/6.1=0.528,查图5-14,曲线1,得K2=1,既不考虑射流重合的影响,由于不属于垂直射流,因此不考虑K3。(4)按式5-22计算射流轴心速度衰减:ux/u0=K1m1/x=0.97*3.4*/6.1=0.145由于本房间的工作区处于射流的回流区,射流到达计算断面x处的风速ux可以比回流区高,一般可取规定风速的两倍,现取ux=0.5m/s,则u0=0.5/0.145=3.45m/s。(5)检查△Tx:取△ts=7℃△Tx/△T0=K1n1/x=0.97*2.4*/6.1=0.1所以△Tx=0.1*△T0=0.1*7=0.7℃<1℃满足要求6十三层演播大厅喷口气流组织计算:由于该厅层高10米,宽8.1米,长20.5米,故采用双侧喷口送风上送下回的方式.沿墙设置回风管。该房间总送风量Ls=9100m3/h,由于对喷,则一边总送风量为4550m3/h,取Δts=8℃.(1)假设喷口直径ds=0.25m喷口倾角α=0。喷口安装高度h=6m,工作区高度为3.3m。(2)计算相对落差y0,相对射程x0:y=6.0-3.3=2.7mx=9.5my0=y/ds=2.7/0.25=10.8x0=x/ds=9.5/0.25=38(3)用《空气调节设计手册》公式5-35计算阿基米得数Ar:Ar==10.8/(0.065*383)=0.00303(4)按Ar数计算送风速度Vs:Vs===4.65m/s(5)根据ds、Vs、Ls计算喷口个数
n==因采用试插法,将上述计算结果列于下表:ds(mm)y0x00.065x03Arvsn20015.0047.506966.200.002154.948.1525010.8038.003566.680.003034.658.153009.0031.672064.700.004364.254.203507.7127.141299.800.005933.943.34取n=3,ds=350mm,Vs=4550/(2826*0.353*3)=4.381m/s,每个喷口的送风量Ls=4550/3=1516.7m3/h(6)计算射流末端轴心速度vx和射流平均送风速度vpvx=vs=4.381*=1.05m/sVp=vx/2=0.5m/s基本满足要求(7)喷口的布置:喷口离墙的间距取为0.5m,房间的一边的长度为8.1m,共有3个喷口,每个喷口的风量为1516.7m3/s,每个喷口的间距为8.1/3=2.7m。第四节风管管径确定及水力计算1概述通风管道的水力计算是在系统和设备布置、风管材料、各送排风点的位置和风量均已确定的基础上进行的。其主要目的是,确定各关段的管径(或断面尺寸)和阻力,保证系统内达到要求的风量分配。最后确定风机的型号和动力消耗。在有的情况下,风机的风量、风压已经确定,要由此去确定风管的管径。风管水力计算方法有假定流速法、压损平均法和静压复得法等几种,前最常用的是假定流速法。压损平均法的特点是,将已知总作用压头案干管长度平均分配给每一管段,再根据每一管段的风量确定风管断面尺寸。如果风管系统所用的风机压头已定,或对分支管路进行阻力平衡计算,此法较为方便。静压复得法的特点是,利用风管分支处复得的静压来克服该管段的阻力,根据这一原则确定风管断面的尺寸。此法适用于高速空调系统的水力计算。
假定流速法的特点是,先按技术经济要求选定风管的流速,再根据风管的风量确定风管断面尺寸和阻力。2假定流速法的计算步骤和方法:(1)绘制通风或空调系统轴测图,对管段进行编号,标注长度和风量;管段长度一般按两管件中心长度计算,不扣除管件(如三通、弯头)本身的长度。(2)确定合理的空气流速风管内的空气流速对通风、空调系统的经济性有较大的影响。流速高,凤冠断面小,材料耗用少,建造费用小;但是系统的阻力大,运行费用增加。流速低,阻力小,动力消耗少;但是风管断面大,材料和建造费用大,风管占用的空间也增大。(3)根据各风管的风量选择的流速确定各风管的断面尺寸,计算摩擦阻力和局部阻力。(4)并联管路的阻力平衡为了保证各送、排风点达到预定的风量,两并联支管的阻力必须保持平衡。对一般的通风能够系统,两支管的阻力差应不超过15%;若超过上述规定,可采用下述方法使其阻力平衡。1)调整支管管径这种方法是通过改变支管管径改变支管的阻力,达到平衡。调整后的管径按下式计算:D′=D(△P/△P′)0.225mm式中D′——调整后的管径,mm; D——原设计的管径,mm;△P——原设计的支管阻力,Pa;△P′——要求达到的支管阻力,Pa。2)增大风量当两支管的阻力相差不大时,例如在20%以内,可不改变管径,将阻力小的那段支管的流量适当增大,阻力也随着增大;同时风机的风量和风压也会相应增大。增大后的风量按下式计算:L=L′(△P/△P′)0.5式中L——原设计的风量,m3/h;L′——-调整后的风量,m3/h。3)阀门调节通过改变阀门开度,调节管道阻力,从理论上讲是一种简单易行的方法。必须指出,对一个多支管的通风空调系统进行实际调试,是一项复杂的工作。必须进行反复的调整、测试才能完成,达到预期的流量分配。(5)计算系统的总阻力。3管径的确定:
根据前面的散流器的布置,可以初步确定风管的位置,再利用假定流速法。确定管道的具体参数,《民用建筑空调设计》得民用建筑空调系统风速的选定:位置推荐值(m/s)最大值(m/s)住宅公共建筑工厂住宅公共建筑工厂风机入口3.54.05.04.55.07.0风机出口5~86.5~108~128.57.5~118.5~14干管3.5~4.55~6.56~94~65.5~86.5~11支管33~4.54~53.5~54~6.55~9接出风管2.53~3.543.5~44~65~8以第十二层风柜一的风管计算为例:最不利管为1-2-3-4-5-6管段1假定流速3.0m/s,风量0.138m3/s,管道面积0.046m2,取标准管道规格250*200,面积0.05m2,实际风速0.138/0.05=2.75m/s,当量直径D=2ab/a+b=222摩擦阻力ΔPl:由实际流速v=2.75m/s,当量直径D=222查得Rm0=0.5Pa/mK=0.15Kv=(K*V)0.25=(0.15*2.75)0.25=0.8Rm=Kv*Rm0=0.8*0.5=0.4PaΔPl=Rm0*L=0.4*1.1=0.44Pa局部阻力:因风管直接从室外引新风,所以局部阻力约等于0.ΔPj=ξj*ρ*v2/2=0PaΔP=ΔPl+ΔPj=0.44+0=0.44Pa
管段2:假定流速7.0m/s,风量1.377m3/s,管道面积0.197m2,取标准管道规格500*400,面积0.2m2,实际风速1.377/0.2=6.89m/s,当量直径D=2ab/a+b=444摩擦阻力:ΔPl:由实际流速v=6.89m/s,当量直径D=444查得:Rm0=1.3Pa/mK=0.15Kv=(K*V)0.25=(0.15*6.89)0.25=1.01Rm=Kv*Rm0=1.01*1.3=1.31PaΔPl=Rm*L=1.31*1.3=1.7Pa局部阻力:矩形风管Y型对称裤衩三通r/b=1.5L2/L1=L3/L1=0.5A2/A1=0.5ξ=0.3风柜出口消声管两管面积相差较小,近似ξ==0ΔPj=ξj*ρ*v2/2=0.3*1.2*6.892/2=-8.57PaΔP=ΔPl+ΔPj=1.7+8.57=10.3Pa管段3:假定流速5.0m/s,风量0.689m3/s,管道面积0.138m2,取标准管道规格400*320,面积0.128m2,实际风速0.689/0.128=5.38m/s,当量直径D=2ab/a+b=356摩擦阻力:ΔPl由实际流速v=5.38m/s,当量直径D=356查得:Rm0=1.0Pa/mK=0.15Kv=(K*V)0.25=(0.15*5.38)0.25=0.95Rm=Kv*Rm0=0.95*1=0.95PaΔPl=Rm*L=0.95*2.0=1.9Pa局部阻力:矩形风管Y型分流三通:θ2=θ3=90οL2/L1=0.413/0.689=0.6ξ=1.0ΔPj=ξj*ρ*v2/2=1.0*1.2*5.382/2=17.36PaΔP=ΔPl+ΔPj=1.9+17.36=19.26Pa管段4:假定流速5m/s,风量0.413m3/s,管道面积0.083m2,取标准管道规格400*200,面积0.08m2,实际风速0.413/0.08=5.16m/s,当量直径D=2ab/a+b=267摩擦阻力:ΔPl
由实际流速v=5.16m/s,当量直径D=267查得:Rm0=1.4Pa/mK=0.15Kv=(K*V)0.25=(0.15*5.16)0.25=0.937Rm=Kv*Rm0=0.937*1.4=1.313PaΔPl=Rm*L=1.31*1.76=2.3Pa局部阻力:渐缩管:A0/A1=(0.32*0.2)/(0.4*0.2)=0.8ξ=0.30ΔPj=ξj*ρ*v2/2=0.3*1.2*5.162/2=4.79PaΔP=ΔPl+ΔPj=2.3+4.79=7.1Pa管段5:假定流速5m/s,风量0.275m3/s,管道面积0.055m2,取标准管道规格320*200,面积0.64m2,实际风速0.275/0.64=4.3m/s,当量直径D=2ab/a+b=246摩擦阻力:ΔPl由实际流速v=4.3m/s,当量直径D=246查得:Rm0=1.0Pa/mK=0.15Kv=(K*V)0.25=(0.15*4.3)0.25=0.896Rm=Kv*Rm0=0.896*1=0.896PaΔPl=Rm*L=0.896*4.0=3.6Pa局部阻力:渐缩管:A0/A1=(0.2*0.2)/(0.32*0.2)=0.625ξ=0.475ΔPj=ξ*ρ*v2/2=0.475*1.2*4.32/2=-5.27PaΔP=ΔPl+ΔPj=3..6+5.27=8.87Pa管段6:假定流速3.5m/s,风量0.138m3/s,管道面积0.039m2,取标准管道规格200*200,面积0.04m2,实际风速0.31/0.04=3.5m/s,当量直径D=2ab/a+b=200摩擦阻力:ΔPl由实际流速v=3.5m/s,当量直径D=200查得:Rm0=0.92Pa/mK=0.15Kv=(K*V)0.25=(0.15*3.5)0.25=0.85Rm=Kv*Rm0=0.85*0.92=0.783PaΔPl=Rm*L=0.783*4.0=3.13Pa局部阻力:散流器出口局部阻力系数ξ=1.0
ΔPj=ξ*ρ*v2/2=1.0*1.2*3.52/2=7.35PaΔP=ΔPl+ΔPj=3.13+7.356=10.486Pa最不利管路1-2-3-4-5-6总阻力汇总:ΔP=0.44+10.3+19.26+7.1+8.87+10.486=56.47Pa再加上房间50Pa的正压.则系统的总阻力为106.47Pa.支管的水力计算:管段7:假定流速5m/s,风量0.275m3/s,管道面积0.055m2,取标准管道规格320*200,面积0.64m2,实际风速0.275/0.64=4.3m/s,当量直径D=2ab/a+b=246摩擦阻力:ΔPl由实际流速v=4.3m/s,当量直径D=246查得:Rm0=1.0Pa/mK=0.15Kv=(K*V)0.25=(0.15*4.3)0.25=0.896Rm=Kv*Rm0=0.896*1=0.896PaΔPl=Rm*L=0.896*2.5=2.24Pa局部阻力:渐缩管:A0/A1=(0.2*0.2)/(0.32*0.2)=0.625ξ=0.475ΔPj=ξ*ρ*v2/2=0.475*1.2*4.32/2=-5.27PaΔP=ΔPl+ΔPj=2.24+5.27=7.51Pa管段8:假定流速3.5m/s,风量0.138m3/s,管道面积0.039m2,取标准管道规格200*200,面积0.04m2,实际风速0.31/0.04=3.5m/s,当量直径D=2ab/a+b=200摩擦阻力:ΔPl由实际流速v=3.5m/s,当量直径D=200查得:Rm0=0.92Pa/mK=0.15Kv=(K*V)0.25=(0.15*3.5)0.25=0.85Rm=Kv*Rm0=0.85*0.92=0.783PaΔPl=Rm*L=0.783*4.0=3.13Pa局部阻力:散流器出口局部阻力系数ξ=1.0ΔPj=ξ*ρ*v2/2=1.0*1.2*3.52/2=7.35PaΔP=ΔPl+ΔPj=3.13+7.356=10.486Pa
支干管与不利管的不平衡率为:*100%=*100%=32%>15%处于不平衡状态,在运行时辅以阀门调节,消除不平衡.因风管管段较多,而其他风管水力计算方法与上同,所以在此略去,处于不平衡状态时加阀门调节.现给出部分风管的管径及当量直径,其他管径见图纸标注:十二层风柜三:管段1233`44`56风量m3/h1501.3710.5790.7575.444914910.33682.742455.18风量m3/s0.420.200.220.160.141.361.020.68假定流速m/s34557555风管断面积m20.1390.0490.0440.0320.0190.2730.2050.136标准规格mm400*320250*200250*200250*120160*120500*500500*400400*320实际流速m/s3.33.94.45.37.15.55.15.3当量直径mm356222222162137500444356管段77`8910111213风量m3/h1227.62613.8710.57105.13552.552368.351184.23552.55风量m3/s0.340.170.201.9740.9870.6580.3290.987假定流速m/s53.5755555风管断面积m20.0680.0490.0280.3950.1970.1320.0660.197
标准规格mm320*200250*200200*160630*630500*400400*320320*200500*400实际流速m/s5.33.56.25.04.95.15.14.9当量直径mm246222178630444356246444管段141510`11`12`13`14`15`风量m3/h2368.351184.2592.1592.1592.1592.1592.1592.1风量m3/s0.6580.3290.1640.1640.160.160.160.16假定流速m/s553.53.53.53.53.53.5风管断面积m20.1320.0660.0470.0470.050.050.050.05标准规格mm400*320320*200200*200200*200250*200250*200250*200250*200实际流速m/s5.15.14.14.13.53.53.53.5当量直径mm356246200200222222222222十四层风柜三:管段123454`风量m3/h363.53635.41817.7908.9454.4908.9风量m3/s0.1011.0100.5050.2520.1260.252假定流速m/s3753.53.53.5风管断面积m20.0340.1440.1010.0720.0360.072标准规格mm200*160400*400320*320320*200200*160320*200实际流速m/s3.26.34.93.93.93.9当量直径m178400320246178246
管段5`676`7`风量m3/h454.5908.1454.4908.9454.4风量m3/s0.1260.2520.1260.2520.126假定流速m/s3.53.53.53.53.5风管断面积m20.0360.0720.0360.0720.036标准规格mm200*160320*200200*160320*200200*160实际流速m/s3.93.93.93.93.9当量直径mm178246178246178十五层风柜二:管段123456风量m3/h420.03123.61041.2520.6520.62082.4风量m3/s0.1170.8680.2890.1450.1450.578假定流速m/s3.0007.0005.0003.5003.5005.000风管断面积m20.0390.1240.0580.0410.0410.116标准规格mm200*200400*320250*200200*200200*200400*250实际流速m/s3.06.85.83.53.55.8当量直径mm200356222200200308管段76`6``7`7``
风量m3/h1041.2520.6520.6520.6520.6风量m3/s0.2890.1450.1450.1450.145假定流速m/s5.0003.5003.5003.5003.500风管断面积m20.0580.0410.0410.0410.041标准规格mm250*200200*200200*200200*200200*200实际流速m/s5.83.53.53.53.5当量直径mm222200200200200
第四章水系统的确定及其水力计算第一节空调水系统及其附件的选择空调水系统就是以水为介质,在同一建筑物或在建筑物之间传递冷量(冷冻水或冷却水)或是热量(热水)。正确合理地设计空调水系统是保证整个空调系统正常运行的重要条件。空调水系统包括冷冻水系统和冷却水系统两个部分。1空调冷冻水系统空调冷冻水系统通常由制冷机组的蒸发器、冷冻水泵、供回水管道和表面式空气冷却器或喷水室以及分、集水器、除污器等组成,是专门向用户供应冷量的系统。1.1空调冷冻水系统的分类(1)根据空调设备的构造、蒸发器的形式分类空调冷冻水系统可分为开式和闭式两种。1)闭式冷冻水系统:管路系统与大气相接触,仅在系统最高点设置膨胀水箱。其优点是:管道与设备的腐蚀机会少,不需要克服静水压力,因此水泵的功率耗低,系统简单。其缺点是遇蓄冷(热)水池连接时较复杂。2)开式冷冻水系统:管路系统与大气相通,与蓄冷(热)水池连接较简单,系统运行稳定性好。其缺点是:由于冷冻水与大气接触,所以水中含氧量高,管路与设备的腐蚀机会多,水泵需要高扬程以克服静水压力,耗电多,输送能耗大。(2)根据水流经过每一环路的长度是否相等分类空调冷冻水系统可分为同程式和异程式两种。1)同程式:供、回水干管中的水流方向相同,经过每一环路的管道长度基本相等的系统,称为“同程式”。同程式系统水量分配、调节方便,便于水力平衡。但虚设回程管,管道长度增加,初投资稍高。2)异程式:供回水干管中的水流方向相反,每一环路的管道长度不相等的系统,称为“异程式”。异程式系统不需回程管,管道长度短,管路简单,初投资较低。但水量分配、调节较难,水力平衡较麻烦。当层数多而需要划分为竖向两个或三个系统,或者中间层不设技术夹层或设备层时,可以采用同程式和异程式相结合的混合水系统方式。该系统易于高层建筑的布置。在上区系统一、同一立管上的各盘管之间阻力稍不平衡时,可用盘管前流量调节阀门加以平衡。在开式系统中,由于回水最终进入蓄冷(热)水箱,到达相同的大气压力,因此不需要采用同程式布置。
(3)根据系统供回水管路根数分类,空调水系统可分为双管制、三管制和四管制三种。1)双管制:双水管系统的冬季供应热水、夏季供应冷水,都是在相同的管路中进行。其进入风机盘管只有一根供水管和一根回水管,系统管路简单,初投资省,但无法同时满足供冷、供热的要求。在全年空调的过渡季,会出现朝阳房间需要供冷而背阳房间需要加热的情况,这种系统不能满足各房间的要求,当系统以同一水温供水时,房间会出现过冷或过热的现象。2)三管制:三管制系统在进入盘管处设有程序控制的三通阀,有室内恒温控制,根据使用冷水或热水进入(不同时进入)需要,分别设置供冷、供热管路与换热器、冷水机组相连,但回水管共用一根。该系统能满足同时供冷、供热的要求,管路系统较四管制简单,但有冷、热量混合损失,投资高于双管制,管路布置较复杂。3)四管制:供冷、供热的供回水管均分开设置,具有冷热两套独立的水系统,能灵活的同时供冷供热,凡管路系统复杂,初投资高,占用空间较大。2空调冷却水系统:空调冷却水系统供应空调冷凝器、压缩机的冷却用水。在正常工作时,用后仅水温升高,水质不受污染。按水的重复使用情况,可分为直流供水系统和循环供水系统。直流供水系统简单,冷却水经过冷凝器等用水设备后,直接就地排放,耗水量大。循环水系统一般由冷却塔、冷却水泵、补水系统组成。2.1冷却塔的设置在布置冷却水系统时,应注意冷却塔的设置。(1)、冷却塔应设置在空气流畅、风机出口处无障碍物的地方。如果建筑物的外观需要冷却塔用百叶窗围挡,则百叶窗净孔面积处的风速应小于2m/s,以保证有足够的开口面积。(2)冷却塔应设置在噪声要求低的地方。当附近有住宅或其他建筑物,且有一定的噪声要求时,应考虑消声和隔音措施。(3)冷却塔设置在屋顶或楼板上时,应校核结构承压强度。(4)不应把冷却塔设置在厨房等排风口有高温空气出口的地方,并需考虑与烟囱的位置保持足够的距离。(5)冷却塔的补给水量一般为冷却塔循环水量的1%~3%。为了防止冷凝器和冷却水管路被腐蚀,对冷却水和补给水的水质应有一定的要求。2.2冷却水量的计算
空调工程中使用的冷却塔主要有开放式和密闭式两种。开放式冷却塔有分为逆流式和斜交叉式两种,对于逆流式冷却塔的特点是安装面积小,但高度大,适用于安装高度不受限制的场合;对斜交叉式冷却塔,安装面积比逆流式大,但焓移动系数由于比逆流式小,且高度小,适用于高层建筑屋顶等高度数限制的场合。对于密闭式冷却塔,通常用于空气污染严重地区或者闭式水热源、热泵空调系统。冷却塔的冷却水量和风量的数学表达式:G=3600QC/c(tW1-tW2)式中:G——冷却水量,㎏/h;QC——冷却塔冷却热量,对压缩式制冷机取1.3Qo;C——水的比热容,kJ/(㎏·K),C=4.2kJ/(㎏·K);tW1、tW2——冷却塔的进出水温度。G=3600*773*3*1.3/(4.2×5)=516803kg/h换算单位得:516.8m3/h3冷凝水管的设计:风机盘管机组、整体式空调器、组合式空调机组等运行过程中产生的冷凝水,必须及时予以排走。查资料[3]得:排放冷凝水管的设计应注意以下几点:(1)沿水流方向,水平管道应保持不小于千分之一的坡度;且不允许有积水部位。(2)当冷凝水盘位于机组内的负压区段时,凝水盘的出水口必须设置水封,水封的高度要比凝水盘的负压大50%左右,水封的出口要与大气相通。(3)冷凝水管道宜采用聚氯乙烯塑料管或镀锌钢管,不宜采用焊接钢管,本设计采用聚氯乙烯塑料管,一般情况下,每1kW冷负荷1h产生约为0.4kg的冷凝水,在潜热负荷较高的场合,每1kW冷负荷约产生0.8kg冷凝水。通常,可以根据机组的冷负荷Q(kW)按下列数据近似确定冷凝水管的公称直径:Q≤7kW时,DN=20mm;Q=7.1—17.6kW时,DN=25mmQ=17.7—100kW时,DN=32mmQ=101—176kW时,DN=40mmQ=177—598kW时,DN=50mmQ=599—1055kW时,DN=80mmQ=1056—1512kW时,DN=100mmQ=1513—12462kW时,DN=125mmQ≥12462kW时,DN=150mm注:立管的公称直径与水平干管的公称直径相同。
4附件的选择:4.1集水器和分水器的选择:在集中供水(供冷和供热)系统中,为有利于空调分区的流量分配和调节,更有利于系统的维修和操作,常常在供、回水干管上分别设置集水器和分水器,再从分水器和集水器分别连接各空调分区的供水管和回水管。这样的连接方式是的各分区供、回水管上的截止阀的安装和维修都非常方便。分数器和集水器实际上是一段管径较大的管子,只是在其上按设计要求焊接上若干不同的管接头.集水器与分水器的直径为进出水管管径的两倍.由以上水力计算可知,进入集水器与分水器的冷冻水水管管径为250mm,则集水器与分水器的直径应为500mm,长度为3300mm.4.2排气阀:水系统中的所有可能凝聚空气的“气囊”顶点,均应设置自动放气阀,在连接放气阀是应将局部的管道的直径加大。4.3过滤器:在水系统中的孔板、水泵、换热器等设置的入口管道上,应设置过滤器,以防止杂质进入,污染或堵塞这些设备。常用的是Y型过滤器,该过滤器安装方便,容易清洗。4.4平衡阀:平衡阀的功能为:(1)测量流量。(2)流量调节。(3)隔断两端流体。(4)排污。平衡阀的主要作用是解决分支管路间的流量分配,保证各环路的流量符合设计要求。所以各个分支管路上均应同时安装。平衡阀的口径可以按管道的公称直径确定,保证两者相同。平衡阀应尽可能设置在回水管上,以保证供水压力不致降低。阀前和阀后应分别保持5D和2D(D—管道公称直径)长度的直管段,当阀前为水泵,直管段的长度应加大到10D。
查资料[2]表8-8得:旁通阀的通径选择表:一台冷水机组的制冷能力/kW14018035253070080011001230140015801760旁通阀的通径/mm40506580100100100125125125150旁通管的公称直径/mm7080100125150200200200250250250根据以上选择直径为DN100的旁通阀(带压力传感器),旁通管DN200mm。4.5膨胀水箱:当空调水系统为闭式系统时,为使系统中的水因温度变化面引起的体积膨胀给予余地以及有利于系统中空气的排除,在管路系统中应连接膨胀水箱.为保证膨胀水箱和水系统的正常工作,在机械循环系统中,膨胀水箱应该接在水泵的吸入侧,水箱标高应至少高出系统最高点1米.膨胀水箱上的配管应包括膨胀管,信号管,补给水管(手动和浮球阀自动控制),溢流管,排污管等.箱体应保温并加盖板.在寒冷地区,为防止冬季供暖时水箱结冰,在膨胀水箱上接出一根循环管,把循环管接在连接膨胀管的同一水平管路上,使膨胀水箱中的水在连接点压差的作用下处在缓慢流动状态.膨胀管和循环连接点间距可取1.5-3.0m.膨胀水箱的容积是由系统中水容量和最大的水温变化幅度决定,可由下式计算:Vp=α△tVs式中Vp——膨胀水箱有效容积(即从信号管到溢流管之间高差内的容积),m3;α——水的体积膨胀系数,α=0.0006; △t——最大的水温变化值,℃; VS——系统在初始温度条件下的水量,m3。查资料[2]表8-26,Vs值可下表确定:系统型式全空气系统空气-----水空调系统供冷时0.40~0.550.70~1.30供暖时1.25~2.001.20~1.90Vp=α△tVS=0.0006×50×1.0×31553.8/1000=0.947m3。查资料[2]表8-27,选择圆形7号水箱。其参数:公称容积1.0m3 有效容积:1.10m3直径:1100mm 高:1100mm溢流管:DN50mm排水管:32mm膨胀管:DN32mm信号管:DN20mm循环管:DN25mm水箱自重:238.4kg
4.6冷却塔的选择根据前面的计算,冷却水的流量为516.8m3/h,查资料《日升牌玻璃纤维冷却塔》,选择RS-L-350型冷却塔两台.其参数如下:流量:273.24m3/h风量2200m/h马达功率:7.5kW音量:52.5dB净重:1945kg运行重量:4115kg高度:塔体:4465mm马达:760mm壳身:2185mm入风:620水盆:900mm出入水:280mm基础:300mm入口管径:200mm出口管径:200mm第二节空调水系统的水力计算水管管道的水力计算是在系统和设备布置、管道材料、各支管的位置和水量均已确定的基础上进行的。其主要目的是,确定各段的管径(或断面尺寸)和阻力,保证系统内达到要求的水量分配。最后确定水泵的型号和动力消耗。管道水力计算方法有假定流速法、压损平均法和静压复得法等几种,前最常用的是假定流速法。1系统水管管道的水力计算原则和方法:水管管径的选择应使投资费和运行费用最经济,即选用经济流速,同时应考虑到水中空气,砂和其他固体物质的腐蚀作用以及引起的噪音等因素。因此,应根据水系统全年的运行时间,流速不宜超过参考文献[2]表5—8所规定的最大流速。年运行时间越长,管内流速越低。1.1水管内流动的沿程阻力:沿程阻力Hf(Pa)可按下式计算:沿程阻力Hf=L·Rm式中hf——沿程阻力,Pa;L——管道长度,m;Rm——管道单位长度摩擦阻力,Pa/m。
水流量:W=(πd2v)/4式中d——水管直径,m;V——管内水流速,m/s。1.2局部压头损失局部压头损失△Pj(Pa)可按下式计算:△Pj=ξυ2ρ/2式中:ξ——管件的局部阻力系数,见表11.8—4和表11.8—5。1.3流速的选择根据资料[2]表8-3管内水流速推荐值(m/s):管径/mm1520253240506580闭式系统0.4-0.50.5-0.60.6-0.70.7-0.90.8-1.00.9-1.21.1-1.41.2-1.6开式系统0.3-0.40.4-0.50.5-0.60.6-0.80.7-0.90.8-1.00.9-1.21.1-1.4管径/mm100125150200250300350400闭式系统1.3-1.81.5-2.01.6-2.21.8-2.51.8-2.61.9-2.91.6-2.51.8-2.6开式系统1.2-1.61.4-1.81.5-2.01.6-2.31.7-2.41.7-2.41.6-2.11.8-2.31.4冷冻水水力计算:按最不利环路计算,共分三部分,如图所示:
具体计算列如下表:名称Qc△tGL假定流速水管断面积水管管径标准管径实际流速kWkJ/kg*℃℃kg/sm3/hm/sm2mmmmm/s1640.44.2536.60131.71.60.02290.17071502.0721280.94.2573.19263.51.80.04070.22762002.3331921.34.25109.79395.21.80.06100.27872502.2441921.34.25109.79395.21.80.06100.27872502.2451280.94.2573.19263.51.80.04070.22762002.336640.44.2536.60131.71.60.02290.17071502.077640.44.2536.60131.71.60.02290.17071502.0781280.94.2573.19263.51.80.04070.22762002.3391921.34.25109.79395.21.80.06100.27872502.24101921.34.25109.79395.21.80.06100.27872502.24111921.34.25109.79395.21.80.06100.27872502.24121628.94.2593.08335.11.80.05170.25672501.90131573.44.2589.91323.71.80.05000.25232501.83141470.64.2584.03302.51.80.04670.24392501.71151368.54.2578.20281.51.80.04340.23532002.49161115.54.2563.74229.51.80.03540.21242002.03
171038.24.2559.33213.61.80.03300.20492001.8918942.14.2553.83193.81.80.02990.19522001.7119829.54.2547.40170.61.60.02960.19432001.5120706.34.2540.36145.31.60.02520.17931502.2821600.24.2534.30123.51.60.02140.16531501.9422491.94.2528.11101.21.50.01870.15451501.5923398.04.2522.7481.91.50.01520.13901251.8524292.94.2516.7460.31.30.01290.12811251.3625184.74.2510.5638.01.30.00810.10171001.3426103.24.255.9021.21.20.00490.0791801.172719.64.251.124.00.80.00140.0423400.892819.64.251.124.00.80.00140.0423400.8929103.24.255.9021.21.20.00490.0791801.1730184.74.2510.5638.01.30.00810.10171001.3431292.94.2516.7460.31.50.01120.11921251.3632398.04.2522.7481.91.50.01520.13901251.8533491.94.2528.11101.21.50.01870.15451501.5934600.24.2534.30123.51.60.02140.16531501.9435706.34.2540.36145.31.60.02520.17931502.2836829.54.2547.40170.61.60.02960.19432001.5137942.14.2553.83193.81.80.02990.19522001.71381038.24.2559.33213.61.80.03300.20492001.89391115.54.2563.74229.51.80.03540.21242002.03401368.24.2578.19281.51.80.04340.23522002.49411470.64.2584.03302.51.80.04670.24392501.71421573.44.2589.91323.71.80.05000.25232501.83431628.94.2593.08335.11.80.05170.25672501.90441921.34.25109.79395.21.80.06100.27872502.24451921.34.25109.79395.21.80.06100.27872502.24
名称实际流速比摩阻长度沿程阻力局阻系数动压局部阻力总阻力总阻力m/sPa/mmPa/PaPaPakPa12.073204.2513607.22146.615455.416815.416.81522.332561.253200.12716.8271.7591.70.59232.241788.71548.60.32503.8751.12299.72.30042.241781.2213.60.12503.8250.4464.00.46452.332562.56400.12716.8271.7911.70.91262.073205.517602.82146.66010.47770.47.77072.073205.517600.72146.61502.63262.63.26382.332562.56400.12716.8271.7911.70.91292.241787.741377.7202503.80.01377.71.378102.241784.2747.61.142503.82854.33601.93.602112.2417842.37529.41.82503.84506.812036.212.036121.9013367980.31799.7539.91337.91.338131.8312056000.31679.2503.81103.81.104141.711074.5481.50.31466.7440.0921.50.922152.493024.513590.33101.3930.42289.42.289162.031954.5877.50.32060.5618.21495.71.496171.891764.57920.31785.0535.51327.51.327181.711424.56390.31469.6440.91079.91.080191.511114.5499.50.31139.5341.8841.30.841202.28383519150.32610.5783.22698.22.698211.94263513150.31885.5565.61880.61.881221.5918859400.31266.4379.91319.91.320231.85331516550.31718.8515.62170.62.171241.3618259100.3931.0279.31189.31.189251.34209510450.3904.2271.31316.31.316261.1723313.53145.51.4689.4965.24110.74.111270.893212993093.9399.01556.010865.010.865280.893211032101.4399.0558.53768.53.769
291.1723324.85778.41.6689.41103.16881.56.881301.34209510450.3904.2271.31316.31.316311.3618259100.3931.0279.31189.31.189321.85331516550.31718.8515.62170.62.171331.5918859400.31266.4379.91319.91.320341.94263513150.31885.5565.61880.61.881352.28383519150.32610.5783.22698.22.698361.5111155550.31139.5341.8896.80.897371.711424.56390.31469.6440.91079.91.080381.891764.57920.31785.0535.51327.51.327392.031954.5877.50.32060.5618.21495.71.496402.493024.513590.33100.0930.02289.02.289411.711074.5481.50.31466.7440.0921.50.922421.831204.55400.31679.2503.81043.81.044431.901334.5598.50.31799.7539.91138.41.138442.2417849.28757.62.182503.85458.214215.814.216452.2417811.82100.43.762503.89414.211514.611.515其他各层供、回水管径的确定:十二层:十三层:
十四层:具体计算列如下表:十二层供水管管径:管段L假定流速水管断面积水管管径标准管径实际流速m3/hm/sm2mmmmm/s122.94371.20.0053110.082254801.2722.33070.70.0009250.034325320.81320.61301.20.0047720.077964801.1440.49840.40.0003460.020998200.44520.11461.20.0046560.077016801.1160.46290.40.0003210.020236200.41719.65171.20.0045490.076124801.0980.3880.40.0002690.018527150.61919.26371.20.0044590.075369801.07100.57950.50.0003220.020251200.511118.68421.20.0043250.074227801.03
120.57950.50.0003220.020251200.511318.10471.20.0041910.073067651.52143.24210.70.0012870.040484400.721514.86261.10.0037530.069146651.24163.72960.70.001480.043421400.821711.1331.10.0028110.059844501.58180.4620.40.0003210.020216200.411910.6711.10.0026950.05859501.51201.16520.60.0005390.026214250.66219.50580.90.0029340.061135650.80225.27860.80.0018330.04832500.75234.22720.80.0014680.043241400.93240.42250.40.0002930.019333200.37253.80470.70.001510.043856400.84260.43780.40.0003040.01968200.39273.36960.70.0013370.041272400.75回水管管径:管段L假定流速水管断面积水管管径标准管径实际流速m3/hm/sm2mmmmm/s12.33070.70.0009250.034325320.8120.49840.40.0003460.020998200.4432.82910.70.0011230.037817320.9840.46290.40.0003210.020236200.4153.2920.70.0013060.040794400.7360.3880.40.0002690.018527150.6173.680.70.001460.043131400.8180.57950.50.0003220.020251200.5194.25950.80.0014790.043406400.94100.57950.50.0003220.020251200.51
114.8390.80.001680.046264401.07123.24210.70.0012870.040484400.72138.08110.90.0024940.056367501.14143.72960.70.001480.043421400.821511.81071.10.0029830.061639650.99160.4620.40.0003210.020216200.411712.27271.10.0030990.062833651.03181.16520.60.0005390.026214250.661913.43791.10.0033930.065748651.13205.27860.80.0018330.04832500.752118.71651.20.0043330.074291651.57220.42250.40.0002930.019333200.372319.1391.20.004430.075125651.60240.43780.40.0003040.01968200.392519.57681.20.0045320.075979651.64263.36960.70.0013370.041272400.752722.94641.20.0053120.082258801.27十三层供水管管径:L假定流速水管断面积水管管径标准管径实际流速m3/hm/sm2mmmmm/s124.2331.20.0056090.084533801.3425.25110.80.0018230.048194401.16318.98191.20.0043940.074816801.0543.58130.70.0014210.042549400.79515.40061.10.0038890.070386651.295`7.30720.90.0022550.0536501.035``8.09340.90.0024980.05641501.1561.16520.60.0005390.026214250.6676.92820.90.0021380.052192500.98
82.69070.70.0010680.036881320.9394.23750.80.0014710.043294400.94100.78910.50.0004380.023632200.70113.44840.70.0013680.041752400.76120.73560.50.0004090.022817200.65132.71280.70.0010770.037032320.94回水管管径:管段L假定流速水管断面积水管管径标准管径实际流速m3/hm/sm2mmmmm/s15.25110.80.0018230.048194401.1623.58130.70.0014210.042549400.7938.83240.90.0027260.058929501.253`7.30720.90.0022550.0536501.033``16.13961.10.0040760.072055651.3541.16520.60.0005390.026214250.66517.30481.10.004370.074611651.4562.69070.70.0010680.036881320.93719.99551.20.0046290.076787651.6780.78910.50.0004380.023632200.70920.78461.20.0048110.078288801.15100.73560.50.0004090.022817200.651121.52021.20.0049820.079661801.19122.71280.70.0010770.037032320.941324.2331.20.0056090.084533801.34十四层供水管管径:管段L假定流速水管断面积水管管径标准管径实际流速m3/hm/sm2mmmmm/s118.12971.20.0041970.073117651.52
21.0430.60.0004830.024802200.92317.08671.10.0043150.074139651.4342.46240.70.0009770.035281320.85514.62431.10.0036930.068589651.2262.2690.70.00090.033867320.78712.35531.10.003120.063044651.0380.41820.40.000290.019234200.3790.49370.40.0003430.020899200.441011.44341.10.002890.060673501.62112.14970.70.0008530.032965320.74129.29370.90.0028680.060449501.32133.10830.70.0012330.039639400.69146.18540.90.0019090.049315500.88152.96430.70.0011760.03871321.02163.22110.70.0012780.040352400.71170.50770.50.0002820.018955150.80182.71340.70.0010770.037036320.94回水管管径:管段L假定流速水管断面积水管管径标准管径实际流速m3/hm/sm2mmmmm/s11.0430.60.0004830.024802200.9222.46240.70.0009770.035281320.8533.50540.70.0013910.042095400.7842.2690.70.00090.033867320.7855.77440.80.0020050.050539500.8260.41820.40.000290.019234200.3770.49370.40.0003430.020899200.4486.68630.90.0020640.051273500.9592.14970.70.0008530.032965320.74
108.8360.90.0027270.058941501.25113.10830.70.0012330.039639321.071211.94431.10.0030160.061987651.00132.96430.70.0011760.03871321.021414.90861.10.0037650.069253651.25150.50770.50.0002820.018955150.801615.41631.10.0038930.070422651.29172.71340.70.0010770.037036320.941818.12971.20.0041970.073117651.521.5冷却水水力计算:同样按最不利环路计算,具体图示见图纸,现将具体计算列如下表:名称L假定流速水管断面积水管管径标准管径实际流速m3/hm/sm2mmmmm/s1142.71.60.02480.17771502.242285.571.80.04410.23692002.533395.21.80.06100.27872502.244263.51.80.04070.22762002.335131.751.60.02290.17071502.076395.21.80.06100.27872502.247395.21.80.06100.27872502.248395.21.80.06100.27872502.249395.21.80.06100.27872502.2410395.21.80.06100.27872502.2411428.131.80.06610.29012502.42名称实际流速比摩阻长度沿程阻力局阻系数动压局部阻力总阻力总阻力m/sPa/mmPa/PaPaPakPa12.243514.81667.257.22519.418139.41980719.80722.533021.3377.50.13191.0319.16970.697
32.241786.31121.40.32503.2751.018721.87242.332562.4614.40.12716.9271.78860.88652.073208.928483.22146.76869.397179.71762.2417833.45945.21.22503.23003.989498.94972.2417888.5157530.02503.20.01575315.75382.2417830.75464.60.72503.21752.372177.21792.2417850.38953.41.62503.24005.21295912.959102.2417888.5157530.02503.20.01575315.753112.4221152.0109724.02937.811751.12272322.723汇总 69469.8 46862.8116333116.333
第五章制冷机组及水泵的选择1制冷机组的选择:根据第十二层至第十五层负荷的计算,可以估算本设计中其他各层楼的负荷,估算结果列于下表:楼层负荷(W)楼层负荷(W)第一层292407第一二夹层55473第二层102892第三层102007第四层253042第五层77257第六层96171第七层112532第八层123263第九层106042第十层108321第十一层93940第十二层105066.2第十三层108167第十四层81495第十五层103242该楼的总负荷为:1921320W,约1921kW.考虑一个1.1的富裕系数,则机组的制冷量为:1921*1.1=2113.1kW。可进行制冷机组选型,本设计中查资料[5],选出机组如下:机组选择:台佳RSW-220-2螺杆式水冷机组三台.机组性能参数:额定制冷量773kW,查得变工况制冷量修正系数0.98.实际制冷量773*0.9=757.5kW电源:三相五线380V50HZ压缩机:输入功率47kW数量2台容量控制:有段或连续容调查得变工况输入功率修正系数1.038.在本设计中实际输入功率160*1.038=166kW冷凝器:型式:卧式壳管式换热器水流量:171m3/h水压降:48kPa进出水管径:DN150蒸发器:
型式:卧式壳管式换热器水流量:137m3/h水压降:55kPa进出水管径:DN150制冷剂:种类:R407C冲注量:50kg机组噪音:72dB外形尺寸:长╳宽╳高3885mm╳1200mm╳2104mm机组运行重量:5250kg2水泵的选择(1).冷冻水泵的选择.1).扬程的确定查资料<<简明空气调节设计手册>>得:闭式水系统:水泵扬程 Hp=hf+hd+hm式中hd——水系统的沿程阻力,Pa;hd——水系统的局部阻力,Pa;hm——设备阻力损失,Pahd/hf值,小型住宅建筑在1.0-1.5之间;大型高层建筑在0.5-1之间;远距离输送管道(集中供冷)在0.2-0.6之间。根据前面的计算:Hp=hf+hd+hm=77646.82+65491.5+10900+55000=209038.3Pa换算成水柱:Hp=209038.3/9800=21.33mH2O考虑一个1.1的富裕系数得:Hp`=21.33*1.1=23.463mH2O2).流量的确定:Q=1.2*3600QC/c(tW1-tW2)式中Q——水量,(㎏/h);QC——末端设备所需冷量,kW;C——水的比热容,kJ/kg..℃;tW1、tW2-——蒸发器的进出水温度.Q=1.2*1921.3*3600/(4.2*5)=395238.8Kg/h=395.2m3/h选择四台泵.每台流量:131.73m3/h.三台运行,一台备用.型号:KQL150-315型立式水泵,其参数:
流量扬程效率转速电机功率必需气蚀重量m3/hm%r/minkW余量mkg140.0033.870.001450.030.0410265(3).冷却水泵的选择.1).根据前面冷冻水系统的计算,可以确定冷却水系统的阻力.冷却水泵扬程Hp=hf+hd+hm+hs+ho式中hf 、hd——冷却水管路的沿程阻力和局部阻力;hm——冷凝器阻力;hs——冷却塔在水的提升高度;ho——冷却塔喷嘴喷雾压力,约等于5mH2O。 Hp=(69469.75+46862.8+48000+4.0*9800+5.0*9800)=252532.57Pa=25.77mH2O2)流量的确定:Q=1.3*3600QC/C(tW1-tW2)式中Q-——水量,㎏/h;QC——冷却热量,kW;C——水的比热容,kJ/kg·℃;tW1、tW2——冷凝器的进出水温度。Q=1.3*1921.3*3600/(4.2*5)=428130kg/h=428.13m3/h根据扬程和流量:选择:KQL150-315A型立式水泵四台.三台运行,一台备用。流量m3/h扬程m效率%转速r/min电机功率kW必需气蚀余量m重量kg18728.0077.001450223.5335
第六章设备选型1风机盘管及风柜选型:查资料[5],根据各个空调房间的风量及冷负荷可选出设备,列表如下:名称:型号风量冷量水流量水阻力机组噪声dBm3/hkWL/skPa十二层值班室JFP-858504.8683618.041办公室一JFP-858504.8683618.041广播部XKB-30300016.90283810.958办公室二JFP-858504.8683618.041器材室JFP-686804.0669814.040电视一部JFP-10210206.85117825.046JFP-10210206.85117825.046广播制作室XKB-50500028.0047.313.560休息室JFP-10210206.85117825.046技术维修测试中心XKB-50500028.0047.313.560办公室三JFP-858504.8683618.041制作部工作室JFP-170220012.59216535.048电视制作室XKB-80800046.80758516.162新风机组一XKB-15150018.80436010.052十三层
数据光钎设备机房XKB-60600034.50507614.862候播室XKB-50500028.0047.313.560演播大厅XKL-1001000060.801045815.266播控室JFP-170220012.59216535.048道具室JFP-136160010.03172530.047化妆室JFP-10210206.85117825.046备用房XKB-40400022.30380112.258新风机组二XKB-15150018.80436010.052十四层备用直播室JFP-170220012.59216535.048广播播控机房XKB-30300016.90283810.958候播室一JFP-858504.8683618.041广播直播室XKB-30300016.90283810.958电视新闻直播室XKB-40400022.30380112.258休息室JFP-858504.8683618.041电视播控机房XKB-40400022.30380112.258候播室二JFP-10210206.85117825.046备用房XKB-40400022.30380112.258新风机组三XKB-15150018.80436010.052十五层前端机房XKB-20020000121.50209.522.664数字电视健身房XKB-30300016.90283810.958注:1).由于第十二层办公室三和制作部工作室负荷和新风量较小,没有合适的新风机组,故新风不单独处理直接送到风机盘管一起处理,风机盘管风量取总送风量,负荷取全负荷.2).风机盘管是苏州安发国际空调设备有限公司产品.3).风柜是湖南长沙星泽空调设备有限公司产品.
第七章防火及防排烟设计第一节 防烟、排烟设施的设置范围[7]凡建筑物高度超过24m的新建、扩建、改建的高层民用建筑(不包括单层主体建筑高度超过24m的体育馆、会堂、剧院等公共建筑,以及高层民用建筑中的地下人民防空地下室)及其相连的且高度不超过24m的裙房设有防烟楼梯及消防电梯,均应进行防烟、排烟设计。需要设置防烟、排烟设施的部位有:(1)防烟楼梯间及其前室、防烟电梯前室或两者合用前室。(2)一类建筑或高度超过32m的二类建筑下列部位:1)长度超过30m的内走道;2)面积超过100m2,且经常有人停留或可燃物较多的房间;3)封闭的避难层;4)室内中庭。(3)总面积超过200m2或一个房间面积超过100m2的,并且经常有人停留或可燃物较多的地下室房间。防火的目的,是防止火灾的发生及蔓延,以及有利于扑灭火灾;防、排烟的目的,是将火灾产生的大量烟气及时予以排除,,以及阻止烟气向防烟分区以外扩散,以确保建筑物内人员的顺利疏散、安全避难和为消防队员创造有利的扑救条件。因此,防、排烟是进行安全疏散的必要手段。由烟气进行控制的理论分析可知,对于一栋建筑物,当内部某个房间或部位发生火灾时,应迅速采取必要的防、排烟措施,对火灾区域实行排烟控制,使火灾产生的烟气和热量能迅速排除,以利于人员的疏散和扑救;对非火灾区域及疏散通道等,应采取机械加压送风的防烟措施,使该区域的空气压力高于火灾产生的区域的空气压力,防止烟气的侵入,控制火势的蔓延。
从当前我国国情出发,《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》对设置防烟、排烟设施范围作出规定。具体可按两个部分考虑:(1)防烟楼梯间及其前室、消防电梯前室和合用前室、封闭避难层按条件设置防烟设施;(2)走廊、房间及室内中庭等按条件设置机械排烟设施或采用可开启外窗的自然排烟措施。第二节建筑设计的防火分区和防烟分区1概述建筑设计进行防火分区的目的是,防止建筑物起火后火势蔓延和扩散,便于火灾的扑救和人员的疏散。防火分区的方法是,根据建筑物内房间的用途和功能,把建筑平面和空间划分成若干个防火单元,使得火势控制在起火单元内,从而避免火灾的扩散。我国高层建筑设计防火规范规定,防火单元的划分面积为:一类高层建筑每个防火单元允许最大建筑面积为1000m2;二类建筑为1500m2,地下室为500m2。若防火单元内设有自动灭火设备,则该面积允许值可增加一倍。高层建筑也可在竖直方向进行防火分区,以楼板作为分界。有些大型公共建筑常在两层以上之间设置各种开口,如:开敞电梯、自动扶梯等,可把这部分连通空间作为一个整体划为一个防火分区,但连通部分各层面积之和不应大于允许值。另外,建筑物内所有穿越楼板的竖井,如:电缆井、排烟井、管道井等,都应单独设置,竖井内应每隔1~2层用耐火材料作防火分隔,竖井上的检修门应是防火门。每个防火分区之间用防火墙、耐火楼板、防火门隔断。防火墙应是耐火极限4h以上的非燃烧体,耐火楼板的耐火极限按一、二级建筑分别取1.5h和1h以上。在建筑平面上进行防烟分区的目的是,防止火灾发生时产生的大量烟气侵入作为疏散通道的走廊、楼梯间前室及楼梯间。为此,在设置排烟设施的走道、净高不超过6.00m的房间应进行防烟分区。高层建筑防烟分区是对防火分区的细分化,即防烟分区不应跨越防火分区。防烟分区的划分方法与防火分区的划分方法基本相同,即按每层楼面作为一个垂直防烟区;每层楼面的防烟分区的面积不宜大于500m2,对装设有自动灭火装置的建筑物其面积可增大一倍。防烟分区之间一般设有防烟墙、挡烟垂壁或挡烟梁等措施分界,并在各防烟区内设置一个带有手动启动装置的排烟口。防烟墙是用非燃才俩哦筑的墙。挡烟壁是用非燃材料(如:钢板、夹丝玻璃、钢化玻璃等)制成的固定或活动的挡板。活动式挡烟垂壁可以由感烟探测器、或消防控制室、或是手动控制。挡烟梁是指从顶棚下突出不小于0.5m的梁。2地下室防火与防烟的分区
根据以上叙述,将地下二层分为三个防烟分区,各分区间用挡烟垂壁和隔墙分隔。地下二层总建筑面积为4917m2,将其分为三个防烟分区,一分区面积为1200m2,二分区为1292m2,三分区为840m2.第三节地下车库及各层防排烟计算1地下车库机械通风与防排烟系统的关系(1)机械排风与机械排烟系统分开设置平时运行机械排风系统,该系统在火灾时关闭,另外启动机械排烟系统排烟。(2)机械排风与机械排烟系统合用由于机械排风和机械排烟存在共同点,即均为排气系统,可以将两个系统合用,变成一个复合系统,使其具备两种功能.平时运行机械排风的功能,火灾时启动该系统排烟部件,实现消防排烟的功能。根据以上,本设计将地下车库的机械排烟系统和排风系统合用。2机械送风量及通风排烟量的计算:2.1地下车库:查资料[7],根据换气次数计算:排风量按不小于6次/h计算,送风量按4-6次/h计算,且不小于排风量的50%.计算得:分区面积m2层高m排风换气次数送风换气次数排风量m3/h送风量m3/h地下二层一分区12443.96529109.624258二分区12923.96530232.825194三分区8383.96519609.216341注:送风系统每层设置两个,具体见图。送风量:24258+25194+16341=65793m3/h平时排风量:29109+30232.8+19609.2=78951m3/h查资料[7]:,地下车库防排烟风量计算如下:分区面积m2排烟量指标m3/m2排烟风量m3/h地下二层一分区12446074640.00二分区12926077520.00三分区8386050280.00根据以上计算和叙述,整个地下车库各分区的通风排烟系统风量为:
分区面积m2通风排烟风量m3/h地下二层一分区124460000二分区129260000三分区838502802.2地上各层:该大厦每层分为二个防烟分区,每台风机负责一个防烟分区,竖向有二个排烟竖井负责排烟。以第十二层计算为例:第一分区的面积为425m2,第二分区的面积为515m2,查资料[3]表10.2-6得:走道和房间的排烟量标准负担防烟分区的个数排烟量标准负担一个防烟分区时(包括净高大于6m的大空间房间)按该防烟分区面积每m2不小于60m3/h计算,且最小不小于7200m3/h负担两个及两个以上时按最大一个防烟分区面积每m2不小于120m3/h计算,且最大不宜超过60000m3/h第一分区的排烟量:425*60=25500m3/h第二分区的排烟量:515*60=33900m3/h3机械加压送风防烟系统的设计:3.1机械加压送风系统的方式及部位。查资料[3]:(1)加压送风系统的划分机械加压系统的防烟楼梯间和合用前室,还有机械加压送风的消防楼梯间和合用前室,均宜分别独立设置送风系统。这样容易达到各自所需维持的设计余压要求。当必须共用一个送风系统时,应在通向合用前室的支风管上设置压差自动调控装置。当送风系统层数大于20层以上,送风量过大时,可考虑在垂直方向进行分区,由两个送风系统的风机、分别送风。(2)加压送风系统对新风的要求加压送风系统必须从室外吸气,且采气口应远离排烟口,加压送风系统的新风无需进行任何处理。本设计中,在办公室内区的消防电梯和楼梯间合用前室和楼梯间前室设置机械加压送风。由送风竖井引新风,在竖井上直接装常闭型风口,火灾事故发生时,封口自动打开,向前室加压送风。
3.2机械加压送风系统设计的要点。(1)加压、送风机的全压,除计算系统风道压力损失外,还要下列余压值:1)防烟楼梯间为50Pa2)前室或合用前室25Pa3)封闭式避难层25Pa(2)防烟楼梯间的加压宜每隔2~3层设一个风口,封口应采用自垂式百叶风口或常开百叶式风口,当采用常开百叶式风口时,应在加压送风机的出口段上设置止回阀。(3)前室的送风口应每层设置,每个风口的有效面积为总风量的1/3确定。3.3机械加压送风系统的组成机械加压送风系统由加压送风机、送风道、加压送风口及其自动控制等部分组成。3.4加压送风量的确定查资料[7]得:正压送风量定值范围不具备自然排烟的部位自然排烟部位机械防烟加压送风部位送风量(m3/h)<20层20——32层楼梯间和前室楼梯间25000——3000035000——40000楼梯间前室楼梯间3000040000楼梯间和合用前室楼梯间160000—2000020000——25000合用前室12000——1600018000——27000消防电梯前室消防电梯前室15000——2000022000——27000前室(或合用前室)楼梯间前室或合用前室22000——2700028000——32000避难间(层)避难间(层)30m3/m2·h以十二层为例:该层中部电梯间与楼梯间需采用加压送风,此楼梯间有两部分,左部与右部。左部楼梯间的加压送风量L根据上表取L=25000m3/h,右部电梯间及楼梯间加压送风量:其前室为合用前室,加压送风量为L=16000m3/h。楼梯间的加压送风量为L=20000m3/h,西北部楼梯间采用自然排烟,靠近室外,不采用机械加压送风。其他层加压送风量量及加压部位与十二层相同,具体布置见各层平面图。
4卫生间通风方式的确定:厕所排风的目的在于排除厕所异味。根据《民用建筑空调设计》表2-74,公共卫生间的换气次数为15至20次,本设计取18次/h。第十二层男女厕所的建筑体积v=60*6=360m3,排风量L=360*18=6480m3/h.其他各层男女厕所体积相同,故排风量也相同均为6480m3/h.选择厕所排风机:选择中美合资威海克莱特菲而公司生产的轴流式低噪音风机第十二层:选择ZL-DZ-4.0,其技术参数如下:机号№转速rpm叶片角度风量m³/h全压pa噪声LAdB(A)配用电机重量型号功率kwkg42900A4640289.169YSF-71220.5521.5B/C/D6071/7265/8220314/318/35572/73/74YSF-80221.125E901444176YT90S-21.530其他层风机型号与上同,厕所排风机置于吊顶内,风口采用百叶回风口,不进行管道水力计算.第四节地下车库防排烟系统水力计算1地下车库通风排烟风管的布置(具体见图):2水力计算:2.1送风系统水力计算:对于地下车库,地下二层具体布置如图所示:现以送风系统一为例计算各管的规格:地下二层系统一共有19个送风口,送风量为24258m3/h。送风系统一系统图:
地下室二层系统一风管水力计算表:序号风量管宽管高管长νR△Pyξ动压△Pj△P10.52223202007.58.16322.52.639.87103.67126.1721.044340032078.161.812.60.539.8619.9332.5331.566550032079.792.416.80.557.4128.7045.5042.08875004008.210.442.318.860.865.3252.2671.1252.61086304006.4510.36212.90.564.2832.1445.0463.1336304006.4512.432.918.7050.592.5746.2964.9973.66528004006.4511.452.214.190.278.5715.7129.9084.17738004006.4513.052.918.7050.6102.0661.2379.9496.788210005003.0513.582.37.0150.3110.3933.1240.13109.921212505003.215.872.99.280.3150.9145.2754.55小计61.75589.88送风系统二系统图:
地下室二层系统二风管水力计算表:序号风量m3/s管宽(mm)管高(mm)管长(m)ν(m/s)R(Pa/m)△Py(Pa)ξ动压(Pa)△Pj(Pa)△Py+△Pj(Pa)10.522232020078.163212.639.87103.67124.6721.044440032078.161.812.60.539.8719.9432.5431.56665003206.49.792.415.360.557.4228.7144.0742.08885004006.410.442.314.720.565.3332.6647.3852.611630400310.36260.364.2919.2925.2964.6998100040010.311.752.121.630.682.6849.6171.2478.3552140040039.914.923.1123.690.6133.3279.99203.68小计80548.863通风排烟系统的计算:分区面积(m2)通风排烟风量地下二层一分区124460000二分区129260000三分区838502804风管水力计算:地下二层一分区风管水力计算表:
序号风量管宽管高管长νR△Pyξ动压△Pa△P10.6732025016.78.32.8848.112.641.60108.15156.2621.334003205.510.43.3018.140.564.9932.5050.6332.005004005.610.02.3313.020.559.9529.9843.0042.676304005.310.62.3012.200.567.0733.5445.7453.338004005.510.42.0111.070.564.9932.5043.5664.008004002.612.52.867.430.393.6728.1035.5375.3410004007.313.32.9821.710.3106.5831.9753.69812.6718005007.414.12.2616.690.3118.6435.5952.29914.6720005001.214.72.382.860.3128.8438.6541.511016.67200050010.616.73.04632.280.6166.3899.83132.11小计67.7654.31地下二层二分区风管水力计算表:序号风量管宽管高管长νR△Pyξ动压△Pj△P10.643202504.58.02.6712.032.638.4599.97112.0021.284003202.810.03.068.570.560.0830.0438.6031.925004002.79.62.165.820.555.3727.6833.5042.566304004.110.22.148.760.562.0031.0039.7653.218004002.210.01.874.110.360.0818.0222.1365.7710005001111.51.8720.550.679.7347.8468.38712.1818005008.913.52.0918.610.5109.6754.8473.45812.8218005002.414.22.315.540.6121.5272.9178.45916.67200050017.116.73.0552.070.9166.35149.71201.78小计55.7668地下二层三分区风管水力计算表;序号风量管宽管高管长νR△Pyξ动压△Pj△P10.743202509.59.23.4732.92.650.6131.4164.421.4740040059.22.2511.20.350.615.226.4
32.946304001.611.72.784.40.481.532.637.045.1510004009.512.92.7726.30.499.139.666.0510.2914005006.714.72.6417.70.5129.464.782.4611.7616005003.414.72.538.60.5129.464.773.3713.9716005001517.53.5353.00.9182.5164.2217.2小计50.7666.75风机的选择和设置:5.1风机的选择根据前述选择风机如下:5.1.1加压送风机的选择:选择聚英风机工业有限公司生产的加压屋顶送风机,风机形式为轴流式:(1)中部左侧楼梯间及前室:号转速风量风压单速功双速功噪声重量(rpm)(m3/h)(Pa)率(kW)率(kW)dB(A)kg81450314216007.59.5/3.1892302917266126012723(2)中部右侧楼梯间和电梯间前室:号转速风量风压单速功双速功噪声重量(rpm)(m3/h)(Pa)率(kW)率(kW)dB(A)kg111450456796301115.5/5.18831040000690350007705.1.2排烟风机的选择:选择聚英风机工业有限公司生产的专业高温排烟风机,风机形式为轴流式型号为HFT(A)-Ⅱ-9型双速高温排烟风机,屋顶式(3)第一分区:机号№转速rpm叶片角度风量m³/h全压Pa噪声LAdB(A)配用电机重量型号功率kwkg9960A1813217271YT100L-61.592B2383019173YT112M-62.2104C/D28390/32119196/21174/75YT132S-63122
E3522726377YT132M1-64132(4)第二分区:机号№转速rpm叶片角度风量m³/h全压Pa噪声LAdB(A)配用电机重量型号功率kwkg9960A1813217271YT100L-61.592B2383019173YT112M-62.2104C/D28390/32119196/21174/75YT132S-63122E3522726377YT132M1-641325.1.3地下室车库送风机的选择:选择聚英风机工业有限公司生产的加压送风机,风机形式为轴流式(5)一系统:号转速风量风压单速功率双速功率噪声重量(rpm)(m3/h)(Pa)(kW)(kW)dB(A)kg71450243806107.59.5/3.1882082243965518908728(6)二系统:号转速风量风压单速功双速功噪声重量(rpm)(m3/h)(Pa)率(kW)率(kW)dB(A)kg101450456796301115.5/5.18831040000690350007705.1.4地下室车库通风排烟风机的选择:选择聚英风机工业有限公司生产的专业高温排烟风机,风机形式为轴流式(7)一分区:机号№转速rpm叶片角度风量m³/h全压Pa噪声LAdB(A)配用电机重量型号功率kwkg11.2960A3494426777YT132M1-64189B4592729780YT132M2-65.5200C/D54709/61901304/33780/82Y160M-67.5237E6789240784Y160L-611262
(8)二分区:机号№转速rpm叶片角度风量m³/h全压Pa噪声LAdB(A)配用电机重量型号功率kwkg11.2960A3494426777YT132M1-64189B4592729780YT132M2-65.5200C/D54709/61901304/33780/82Y160M-67.5237E6789240784Y160L-611262(9)三分区:机号№转速rpm叶片角度风量m³/h全压Pa噪声LAdB(A)配用电机重量型号功率kwkg11.2960A3494426777YT132M1-64189B4592729780YT132M2-65.5200C/D54709/61901304/33780/82Y160M-67.5237E6789240784Y160L-6112626排烟风机设置要求:(1)应设置在该排烟系统最高排烟口的上部,并应设在用耐火极限不小于3h的隔墙隔开的机房内,机房的门应采用耐火极限不低于0.6h的防火门.(2)为了维修方便,排烟风机外壳至其他设备距离不小于60㎝.(3)排烟风机与排烟道的连接方式应合理,否则风机风量要有一定的余量;(4)排烟风机与排烟口应设有联锁装置,同时能立即关闭着火区的通风、空调系统,并将非着火区的通风、空调系统的排风、回风系统关闭,使其保持正压,达到减缓烟火蔓延的目的。(5排烟风机的入口处,必须设有当烟气温度超过280℃时能自动关闭的装置。参考文献:【1】采暖通风与空气调节设计规范2001年版中华人民共和国国家标准【2】陆耀庆主编.实用供热空调设计手册[M]中国建筑工业出版社【3】马最良姚杨主编.民用建筑空调设计[M]化学工业出版社【4】暖通空调常用数据手册[M]中国建筑工业出版社【5】台佳中央空调设计选型手册台佳中央空调【6】孙一坚主编.简明通风设计手册[M]中国建筑工业出版社【7】赵容义主编.现代高层建筑防火设计与施工[M]中国建筑工业出版社
【8】赵荣义主编.简明空调设计手册[M]中国建筑工业出版社【9】黄素逸主编.采暖·空调·制冷手册[M]机械工业出版社【10】暖通空调制图标准中国计划出版社【11】暖通空调设计规范建筑工业出版社【12】赵荣义主编.空气调节[M]中国建筑工业出版社'
您可能关注的文档
- 毕业设计指导书20040408.doc
- 毕业设计施工组织设计工程造价专业.doc
- 毕业设计的监理文件.doc
- 毕业设计计算说明书.doc
- 毕业设计论文(公路).doc
- 毕业设计论文(水电).doc
- 毕业设计论文2.doc
- 毕业设计论文3x28m预应力简支T形梁桥.doc
- 毕业设计论文xiu.doc
- 毕业设计论文正文2345667.doc
- 毕业设计说明书.doc
- 毕业设计说明书1.doc
- 民办高职院校教学管理信息系统分析设计.doc
- 氧化沟设计说明书与计算书_secret.doc
- 水位监控系统的设计说明书.doc
- 水利厅8#楼施工组织设计20080102.doc
- 水利工程施工组织设计方案.doc
- 水利工程管道安装施工组织设计.doc
相关文档
- 施工规范CECS140-2002给水排水工程埋地管芯缠丝预应力混凝土管和预应力钢筒混凝土管管道结构设计规程
- 施工规范CECS141-2002给水排水工程埋地钢管管道结构设计规程
- 施工规范CECS142-2002给水排水工程埋地铸铁管管道结构设计规程
- 施工规范CECS143-2002给水排水工程埋地预制混凝土圆形管管道结构设计规程
- 施工规范CECS145-2002给水排水工程埋地矩形管管道结构设计规程
- 施工规范CECS190-2005给水排水工程埋地玻璃纤维增强塑料夹砂管管道结构设计规程
- cecs 140:2002 给水排水工程埋地管芯缠丝预应力混凝土管和预应力钢筒混凝土管管道结构设计规程(含条文说明)
- cecs 141:2002 给水排水工程埋地钢管管道结构设计规程 条文说明
- cecs 140:2002 给水排水工程埋地管芯缠丝预应力混凝土管和预应力钢筒混凝土管管道结构设计规程 条文说明
- cecs 142:2002 给水排水工程埋地铸铁管管道结构设计规程 条文说明