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'第1章程序设计和C语言11.1什么是计算机程序11.2什么是计算机语言11.3C语言的发展及其特点31.4最简单的C语言程序51.4.1最简单的C语言程序举例61.4.2C语言程序的结构101.5运行C程序的步骤与方法121.6程序设计的任务141-5#includeintmain(){printf("**************************nn");printf("VeryGood!nn");printf("**************************n");return0;}1-6#includeintmain(){inta,b,c,max;printf("pleaseinputa,b,c:n");scanf("%d,%d,%d",&a,&b,&c);max=a;if(max#includeintmain(){floatp,r,n;r=0.1;n=10;p=pow(1+r,n);printf("p=%fn",p);return0;}3-2-1#include#includeintmain(){floatr5,r3,r2,r1,r0,p,p1,p2,p3,p4,p5;p=1000;
r5=0.0585;r3=0.054;r2=0.0468;r1=0.0414;r0=0.0072;p1=p*((1+r5)*5);//一次存5年期p2=p*(1+2*r2)*(1+3*r3);//先存2年期，到期后将本息再存3年期p3=p*(1+3*r3)*(1+2*r2);//先存3年期，到期后将本息再存2年期p4=p*pow(1+r1,5);//存1年期，到期后将本息存再存1年期，连续存5次p5=p*pow(1+r0/4,4*5);//存活期存款。活期利息每一季度结算一次printf("p1=%fn",p1);//输出按第1方案得到的本息和printf("p2=%fn",p2);//输出按第2方案得到的本息和printf("p3=%fn",p3);//输出按第3方案得到的本息和printf("p4=%fn",p4);//输出按第4方案得到的本息和printf("p5=%fn",p5);//输出按第5方案得到的本息和return0;}3-2-2#include#includeintmain(){doubler5,r3,r2,r1,r0,p,p1,p2,p3,p4,p5;p=1000;r5=0.0585;r3=0.054;r2=0.0468;r1=0.0414;r0=0.0072;p1=p*((1+r5)*5);//一次存5年期p2=p*(1+2*r2)*(1+3*r3);//先存2年期，到期后将本息再存3年期p3=p*(1+3*r3)*(1+2*r2);//先存3年期，到期后将本息再存2年期p4=p*pow(1+r1,5);//存1年期，到期后将本息存再存1年期，连续存5次p5=p*pow(1+r0/4,4*5);//存活期存款。活期利息每一季度结算一次printf("p1=%fn",p1);//输出按第1方案得到的本息和printf("p2=%fn",p2);//输出按第2方案得到的本息和printf("p3=%fn",p3);//输出按第3方案得到的本息和printf("p4=%fn",p4);//输出按第4方案得到的本息和printf("p5=%fn",p5);//输出按第5方案得到的本息和return0;}3-2-3
#include#includeintmain(){floatr5,r3,r2,r1,r0,p,p1,p2,p3,p4,p5;p=1000;r5=0.0585;r3=0.054;r2=0.0468;r1=0.0414;r0=0.0072;p1=p*((1+r5)*5);//一次存5年期p2=p*(1+2*r2)*(1+3*r3);//先存2年期，到期后将本息再存3年期p3=p*(1+3*r3)*(1+2*r2);//先存3年期，到期后将本息再存2年期p4=p*pow(1+r1,5);//存1年期，到期后将本息存再存1年期，连续存5次p5=p*pow(1+r0/4,4*5);//存活期存款。活期利息每一季度结算一次printf("p1=%10.2fn",p1);//输出按第1方案得到的本息和printf("p2=%10.2fn",p2);//输出按第2方案得到的本息和printf("p3=%10.2fn",p3);//输出按第3方案得到的本息和printf("p4=%10.2fn",p4);//输出按第4方案得到的本息和printf("p5=%10.2fn",p5);//输出按第5方案得到的本息和return0;}3-3.#include#includeintmain(){floatd=300000,p=6000,r=0.01,m;m=log10(p/(p-d*r))/log10(1+r);printf("m=%6.2fn",m);return0;}3-4#includeintmain(){intc1,c2;
c1=197;c2=198;printf("c1=%c,c2=%cn",c1,c2);printf("c1=%d，c2=%dn",c1,c2);return0;}3-5#includeintmain(){inta,b;floatx,y;charc1,c2;scanf("a=%db=%d",&a,&b);scanf("%f%e",&x,&y);scanf("%c%c",&c1,&c2);printf("a=%d,b=%d,x=%f,y=%f,c1=%c,c2=%cn",a,b,x,y,c1,c2);return0;}3-6#includeintmain(){charc1="C",c2="h",c3="i",c4="n",c5="a";c1=c1+4;c2=c2+4;c3=c3+4;c4=c4+4;c5=c5+4;printf("passworis%c%c%c%c%cn",c1,c2,c3,c4,c5);return0;}3-7#includeintmain(){floath,r,l,s,sq,vq,vz;floatpi=3.141526;printf("请输入圆半径r，圆柱高h∶");scanf("%f,%f",&r,&h);//要求输入圆半径r和圆柱高hl=2*pi*r;//计算圆周长l
s=r*r*pi;//计算圆面积ssq=4*pi*r*r;//计算圆球表面积sqvq=3.0/4.0*pi*r*r*r;//计算圆球体积vqvz=pi*r*r*h;//计算圆柱体积vzprintf("圆周长为:l=%6.2fn",l);printf("圆面积为:s=%6.2fn",s);printf("圆球表面积为:sq=%6.2fn",sq);printf("圆球体积为:v=%6.2fn",vq);printf("圆柱体积为:vz=%6.2fn",vz);return0;}3-8-1#includeintmain(){intc1,c2;//整型定义printf("请输入两个整数c1,c2:");scanf("%d,%d",&c1,&c2);printf("按字符输出结果:n");printf("%c,%cn",c1,c2);printf("按ASCII码输出结果为:n");printf("%d,%dn",c1,c2);return0;}3-8-2#includeintmain(){charc1,c2;//定义字符型变量inti1,i2;//定义整型变量printf("请输入两个字符c1,c2:");scanf("%c,%c",&c1,&c2);i1=c1;//赋值给整型变量i2=c2;printf("按字符输出结果:n");printf("%c,%cn",i1,i2);printf("按整数输出结果:n");printf("%d,%dn",c1,c2);return0;}3-8-3
#includeintmain(){charc1,c2;//定义为字符型inti1,i2;//定义为整型printf("请输入两个整数i1,i2:");scanf("%d,%d",&i1,&i2);c1=i1;//将整数赋值给字符变量c2=i2;printf("按字符输出结果:n");printf("%c,%cn",c1,c2);printf("按整数输出结果:n");printf("%d,%dn",c1,c2);return0;}3-8#includeintmain(){charc1,c2;printf("请输入两个字符c1,c2:");c1=getchar();c2=getchar();printf("用putchar语句输出结果为:");putchar(c1);putchar(c2);printf("n");printf("用printf语句输出结果为:");printf("%c%cn",c1,c2);return0;}第4章选择结构程序设计854.1选择结构和条件判断854.2用if语句实现选择结构874.2.1用if语句处理选择结构举例874.2.2if语句的一般形式894.3关系运算符和关系表达式914.3.1关系运算符及其优先次序914.3.2关系表达式924.4逻辑运算符和逻辑表达式924.4.1逻辑运算符及其优先次序93
4.4.2逻辑表达式944.4.3逻辑型变量964.5条件运算符和条件表达式974.6选择结构的嵌套994.7用switch语句实现多分支选择结构1024.8选择结构程序综合举例105习题1114-4-1#includeintmain(){inta,b,c;printf("请输入三个整数:");scanf("%d,%d,%d",&a,&b,&c);if(aintmain(){inta,b,c,temp,max;printf("请输入三个整数:");scanf("%d,%d,%d",&a,&b,&c);temp=(a>b)?a:b;/*将a和b中的大者存入temp中*/max=(temp>c)?temp:c;/*将a和b中的大者与c比较,取最大者*/printf("三个整数的最大数是%dn",max);return0;}4-5-2#include#include#defineM1000intmain()
{inti,k;printf("请输入一个小于%d的整数i:",M);scanf("%d",&i);while(i>M){printf("输入的数不符合要求，请重新输入一个小于%d的整数i:",M);scanf("%d",&i);}k=sqrt(i);printf("%d的平方根的整数部分是：%dn",i,k);return0;}4-5#include#include#defineM1000intmain(){inti,k;printf("请输入一个小于%d的整数i:",M);scanf("%d",&i);if(i>M){printf("输入的数不符合要求，请重新输入一个小于%d的整数i:",M);scanf("%d",&i);}k=sqrt(i);printf("%d的平方根的整数部分是：%dn",i,k);return0;}4-6.#includeintmain(){intx,y;printf("输入x:");scanf("%d",&x);if(x<1)/*x<1*/{y=x;printf("x=%3d,y=x=%dn",x,y);}elseif(x<10)/*1==10*/{y=3*x-11;printf("x=%d,y=3*x-11=%dn",x,y);}return0;}4-7-1#includeintmain(){intx,y;printf("enterx:");scanf("%d",&x);y=-1;if(x!=0)if(x>0)y=1;elsey=0;printf("x=%d,y=%dn",x,y);return0;}4-7-2#includeintmain(){intx,y;printf("pleaseenterx:");scanf("%d",&x);y=0;if(x>=0)if(x>0)y=1;elsey=-1;printf("x=%d,y=%dn",x,y);return0;}
4-8#includeintmain(){floatscore;chargrade;printf("请输入学生成绩:");scanf("%f",&score);while(score>100||score<0){printf("n输入有误,请重输");scanf("%f",&score);}switch((int)(score/10)){case10:case9:grade="A";break;case8:grade="B";break;case7:grade="C";break;case6:grade="D";break;case5:case4:case3:case2:case1:case0:grade="E";}printf("成绩是%5.1f,相应的等级是%cn",score,grade);return0;}4-9#include#includeintmain(){intnum,indiv,ten,hundred,thousand,ten_thousand,place;//分别代表个位,十位,百位,千位,万位和位数printf("请输入一个整数(0-99999):");scanf("%d",&num);if(num>9999)place=5;elseif(num>999)place=4;elseif(num>99)
place=3;elseif(num>9)place=2;elseplace=1;printf("位数:%dn",place);printf("每位数字为:");ten_thousand=num/10000;thousand=(int)(num-ten_thousand*10000)/1000;hundred=(int)(num-ten_thousand*10000-thousand*1000)/100;ten=(int)(num-ten_thousand*10000-thousand*1000-hundred*100)/10;indiv=(int)(num-ten_thousand*10000-thousand*1000-hundred*100-ten*10);switch(place){case5:printf("%d,%d,%d,%d,%d",ten_thousand,thousand,hundred,ten,indiv);printf("n反序数字为:");printf("%d%d%d%d%dn",indiv,ten,hundred,thousand,ten_thousand);break;case4:printf("%d,%d,%d,%d",thousand,hundred,ten,indiv);printf("n反序数字为:");printf("%d%d%d%dn",indiv,ten,hundred,thousand);break;case3:printf("%d,%d,%d",hundred,ten,indiv);printf("n反序数字为:");printf("%d%d%dn",indiv,ten,hundred);break;case2:printf("%d,%d",ten,indiv);printf("n反序数字为:");printf("%d%dn",indiv,ten);break;case1:printf("%d",indiv);printf("n反序数字为:");printf("%dn",indiv);break;}return0;}4-10-1#includeintmain(){inti;doublebonus,bon1,bon2,bon4,bon6,bon10;bon1=100000*0.1;
bon2=bon1+100000*0.075;bon4=bon2+100000*0.05;bon6=bon4+100000*0.03;bon10=bon6+400000*0.015;printf("请输入利润i:");scanf("%d",&i);if(i<=100000)bonus=i*0.1;elseif(i<=200000)bonus=bon1+(i-100000)*0.075;elseif(i<=400000)bonus=bon2+(i-200000)*0.05;elseif(i<=600000)bonus=bon4+(i-400000)*0.03;elseif(i<=1000000)bonus=bon6+(i-600000)*0.015;elsebonus=bon10+(i-1000000)*0.01;printf("奖金是:%10.2fn",bonus);return0;}4-10-2#includeintmain(){inti;doublebonus,bon1,bon2,bon4,bon6,bon10;intbranch;bon1=100000*0.1;bon2=bon1+100000*0.075;bon4=bon2+200000*0.05;bon6=bon4+200000*0.03;bon10=bon6+400000*0.015;printf("请输入利润i:");scanf("%d",&i);branch=i/100000;if(branch>10)branch=10;switch(branch){case0:bonus=i*0.1;break;case1:bonus=bon1+(i-100000)*0.075;break;case2:case3:bonus=bon2+(i-200000)*0.05;break;
case4:case5:bonus=bon4+(i-400000)*0.03;break;case6:case7:case8:case9:bonus=bon6+(i-600000)*0.015;break;case10:bonus=bon10+(i-1000000)*0.01;}printf("奖金是%10.2fn",bonus);return0;}4-11#includeintmain(){intt,a,b,c,d;printf("请输入四个数:");scanf("%d,%d,%d,%d",&a,&b,&c,&d);printf("a=%d,b=%d,c=%d,d=%dn",a,b,c,d);if(a>b){t=a;a=b;b=t;}if(a>c){t=a;a=c;c=t;}if(a>d){t=a;a=d;d=t;}if(b>c){t=b;b=c;c=t;}if(b>d){t=b;b=d;d=t;}if(c>d){t=c;c=d;d=t;}printf("排序结果如下:n");printf("%d%d%d%dn",a,b,c,d);return0;}4-12#includeintmain(){inth=10;floatx1=2,y1=2,x2=-2,y2=2,x3=-2,y3=-2,x4=2,y4=-2,x,y,d1,d2,d3,d4;
printf("请输入一个点(x,y):");scanf("%f,%f",&x,&y);d1=(x-x4)*(x-x4)+(y-y4)*(y-y4);/*求该点到各中心点距离*/d2=(x-x1)*(x-x1)+(y-y1)*(y-y1);d3=(x-x2)*(x-x2)+(y-y2)*(y-y2);d4=(x-x3)*(x-x3)+(y-y3)*(y-y3);if(d1>1&&d2>1&&d3>1&&d4>1)h=0;/*判断该点是否在塔外*/printf("该点高度为%dn",h);return0;}第5章循环结构程序设计1145.1为什么需要循环控制1145.2用while语句实现循环1155.3用do…while语句实现循环1175.4用for语句实现循环1205.5循环的嵌套1245.6几种循环的比较1255.7改变循环执行的状态1255.7.1用break语句提前终止循环1265.7.2用continue语句提前结束本次循环1275.7.3break语句和continue语句的区别1285.8循环程序举例131习题1405-2#include#include//程序中用到数学函数fabs，应包含头文件math.nintmain(){intsign=1,count=0;//sign用来表示数值的符号,count用来统计循环次数doublepi=0.0,n=1.0,term=1.0;//pi开始代表多项式的值，最后代表π的值,n代表分母，term代表当前项的值while(fabs(term)>=1e-8)//检查当前项term的绝对值是否大于或等于10的(-6)次方{pi=pi+term;//把当前项term累加到pi中n=n+2;//n+2是下一项的分母sign=-sign;//sign代表符号，下一项的符号与上一项符号相反term=sign/n;//求出下一项的值termcount++;//count累加1}pi=pi*4;//多项式的和pi乘以4，才是π的近似值printf("pi=%10.8fn",pi);//输出π的近似值printf("count=%dn",count);//输出循环次数
return0;}5-3#includeintmain(){intp,r,n,m,temp;printf("请输入两个正整数n,m:");scanf("%d,%d,",&n,&m);if(nintmain(){charc;intletters=0,space=0,digit=0,other=0;printf("请输入一行字符:n");while((c=getchar())!="n"){if(c>="a"&&c<="z"||c>="A"&&c<="Z")letters++;elseif(c=="")space++;elseif(c>="0"&&c<="9")digit++;elseother++;
}printf("字母数:%dn空格数:%dn数字数:%dn其它字符数:%dn",letters,space,digit,other);return0;}5-5#includeintmain(){inta,n,i=1,sn=0,tn=0;printf("a,n=:");scanf("%d,%d",&a,&n);while(i<=n){tn=tn+a;/*赋值后的tn为i个a组成数的值*/sn=sn+tn;/*赋值后的sn为多项式前i项之和*/a=a*10;++i;}printf("a+aa+aaa+...=%dn",sn);return0;}5-6#includeintmain(){doubles=0,t=1;intn;for(n=1;n<=20;n++){t=t*n;s=s+t;}printf("1!+2!+...+20!=%22.15en",s);return0;}5-7#includeintmain(){
intn1=100,n2=50,n3=10;doublek,s1=0,s2=0,s3=0;for(k=1;k<=n1;k++)/*计算1到100的和*/{s1=s1+k;}for(k=1;k<=n2;k++)/*计算1到50各数的平方和*/{s2=s2+k*k;}for(k=1;k<=n3;k++)/*计算1到10的各倒数和*/{s3=s3+1/k;}printf("sum=%15.6fn",s1+s2+s3);return0;}5-8#includeintmain(){inti,j,k,n;printf("parcissusnumbersare");for(n=100;n<1000;n++){i=n/100;j=n/10-i*10;k=n%10;if(n==i*i*i+j*j*j+k*k*k)printf("%d",n);}printf("n");return0;}5-9-1#defineM1000/*定义寻找范围*/#includeintmain(){intk1,k2,k3,k4,k5,k6,k7,k8,k9,k10;inti,a,n,s;for(a=2;a<=M;a++)/*a是2-1000之间的整数，检查它是否完数*/{n=0;/*n用来累计a的因子的个数*/s=a;/*s用来存放尚未求出的因子之和，开始时等于a*/for(i=1;i1)printf("%d,%d",k1,k2);/*n>1表示a至少有2个因子*/if(n>2)printf(",%d",k3);/*n>2表示至少有3个因子，故应再输出一个因子*/if(n>3)printf(",%d",k4);/*n>3表示至少有4个因子，故应再输出一个因子*/if(n>4)printf(",%d",k5);/*以下类似*/if(n>5)printf(",%d",k6);if(n>6)printf(",%d",k7);if(n>7)printf(",%d",k8);if(n>8)printf(",%d",k9);if(n>9)printf(",%d",k10);printf("n");}}return0;}
5-9-2#includeintmain(){intm,s,i;for(m=2;m<1000;m++){s=0;for(i=1;iintmain(){inti,n=20;doublea=2,b=1,s=0,t;for(i=1;i<=n;i++){s=s+a/b;t=a,a=a+b,b=t;}printf("sum=%16.10fn",s);return0;}5-11#includeintmain(){doublesn=100,hn=sn/2;intn;
for(n=2;n<=10;n++){sn=sn+2*hn;/*第n次落地时共经过的米数*/hn=hn/2;/*第n次反跳高度*/}printf("第10次落地时共经过%f米n",sn);printf("第10次反弹%f米n",hn);return0;}5-12#includeintmain(){intday,x1,x2;day=9;x2=1;while(day>0){x1=(x2+1)*2;/*第1天的桃子数是第2天桃子数加1后的2倍.*/x2=x1;day--;}printf("total=%dn",x1);return0;}5-13#include#includeintmain(){floata,x0,x1;printf("enterapositivenumber:");scanf("%f",&a);x0=a/2;x1=(x0+a/x0)/2;do{x0=x1;x1=(x0+a/x0)/2;}while(fabs(x0-x1)>=1e-5);printf("Thesquarerootof%5.2fis%8.5fn",a,x1);return0;}
5-14#include#includeintmain(){doublex1,x0,f,f1;x1=1.5;do{x0=x1;f=((2*x0-4)*x0+3)*x0-6;f1=(6*x0-8)*x0+3;x1=x0-f/f1;}while(fabs(x1-x0)>=1e-5);printf("Therootofequationis%5.2fn",x1);return0;}5-15#include#includeintmain(){floatx0,x1,x2,fx0,fx1,fx2;do{printf("enterx1&x2:");scanf("%f,%f",&x1,&x2);fx1=x1*((2*x1-4)*x1+3)-6;fx2=x2*((2*x2-4)*x2+3)-6;}while(fx1*fx2>0);do{x0=(x1+x2)/2;fx0=x0*((2*x0-4)*x0+3)-6;if((fx0*fx1)<0){x2=x0;fx2=fx0;}else{x1=x0;fx1=fx0;}}while(fabs(fx0)>=1e-5);printf("x=%6.2fn",x0);return0;}
5-16#includeintmain(){inti,j,k;for(i=0;i<=3;i++){for(j=0;j<=2-i;j++)printf("");for(k=0;k<=2*i;k++)printf("*");printf("n");}for(i=0;i<=2;i++){for(j=0;j<=i;j++)printf("");for(k=0;k<=4-2*i;k++)printf("*");printf("n");}return0;}5-17#includeintmain(){chari,j,k;/*是a的对手;j是b的对手;k是c的对手*/for(i="x";i<="z";i++)for(j="x";j<="z";j++)if(i!=j)for(k="x";k<="z";k++)if(i!=k&&j!=k)if(i!="x"&&k!="x"&&k!="z")printf("A--%cnB--%cnC--%cn",i,j,k);return0;}第6章利用数组处理批量数据1426.1怎样定义和引用一维数组1426.1.1怎样定义一维数组1436.1.2怎样引用一维数组元素144
6.1.3一维数组的初始化1456.1.4一维数组程序举例1466.2怎样定义和引用二维数组1486.2.1怎样定义二维数组1496.2.2怎样引用二维数组的元素1506.2.3二维数组的初始化1516.2.4二维数组程序举例1526.3字符数组1546.3.1怎样定义字符数组1546.3.2字符数组的初始化1556.3.3怎样引用字符数组中的元素1556.3.4字符串和字符串结束标志1566.3.5字符数组的输入输出1596.3.6使用字符串处理函数1616.3.7字符数组应用举例165习题1686-1#include#includeintmain(){inti,j,n,a[101];for(i=1;i<=100;i++)a[i]=i;a[1]=0;for(i=2;iintmain(){inti,j,min,temp,a[11];printf("enterdata:n");for(i=1;i<=10;i++){printf("a[%d]=",i);scanf("%d",&a[i]);}printf("n");printf("Theorginalnumbers:n");for(i=1;i<=10;i++)printf("%5d",a[i]);printf("n");for(i=1;i<=9;i++){min=i;for(j=i+1;j<=10;j++)if(a[min]>a[j])min=j;temp=a[i];a[i]=a[min];a[min]=temp;}printf("nThesortednumbers:n");for(i=1;i<=10;i++)printf("%5d",a[i]);printf("n");return0;}6-3#includeintmain(){inta[3][3],sum=0;inti,j;printf("enterdata:n");for(i=0;i<3;i++)for(j=0;j<3;j++)scanf("%3d",&a[i][j]);for(i=0;i<3;i++)sum=sum+a[i][i];printf("sum=%6dn",sum);
return0;}6-4#includeintmain(){inta[11]={1,4,6,9,13,16,19,28,40,100};inttemp1,temp2,number,end,i,j;printf("arraya:n");for(i=0;i<10;i++)printf("%5d",a[i]);printf("n");printf("insertdata:");scanf("%d",&number);end=a[9];if(number>end)a[10]=number;else{for(i=0;i<10;i++){if(a[i]>number){temp1=a[i];a[i]=number;for(j=i+1;j<11;j++){temp2=a[j];a[j]=temp1;temp1=temp2;}break;}}}printf("Nowarraya:n");for(i=0;i<11;i++)printf("%5d",a[i]);printf("n");return0;}6-5#include#defineN5intmain(){inta[N],i,temp;printf("enterarraya:n");
for(i=0;i#defineN10intmain(){inti,j,a[N][N];for(i=0;iintmain(){inta[15][15],i,j,k,p,n;
p=1;while(p==1){printf("entern(n=1--15):");scanf("%d",&n);if((n!=0)&&(n<=15)&&(n%2!=0))p=0;}for(i=1;i<=n;i++)for(j=1;j<=n;j++)a[i][j]=0;j=n/2+1;a[1][j]=1;for(k=2;k<=n*n;k++){i=i-1;j=j+1;if((i<1)&&(j>n)){i=i+2;j=j-1;}else{if(i<1)i=n;if(j>n)j=1;}if(a[i][j]==0)a[i][j]=k;else{i=i+2;j=j-1;a[i][j]=k;}}for(i=1;i<=n;i++){for(j=1;j<=n;j++)printf("%5d",a[i][j]);printf("n");}return0;}6-8#include#defineN4
#defineM5/*数组为4行5列*/intmain(){inti,j,k,a[N][M],max,maxj,flag;printf("pleaseinputmatrix:n");for(i=0;imax){max=a[i][j];/*将本行的最大数存放在max中*/maxj=j;/*将最大数所在的列号存放在maxj中*/}flag=1;/*先假设是鞍点，以flag为1代表*/for(k=0;ka[k][maxj])/*将最大数和其同列元素相比*/{flag=0;/*如果max不是同列最小，表示不是鞍点令flag1为0*/continue;}if(flag)/*如果flag1为1表示是鞍点*/{printf("a[%d][%d]=%dn",i,maxj,max);/*输出鞍点的值和所在行列号*/break;}}if(!flag)/*如果flag为0表示鞍点不存在*/printf("Itisnotexist!n");return0;}6-9#include#defineN15intmain(){inti,number,top,bott,mid,loca,a[N],flag=1,sign;charc;printf("enterdata:n");scanf("%d",&a[0]);i=1;while(i=a[i-1])i++;elseprintf("enterthisdataagain:n");}printf("n");for(i=0;ia[N-1]))//要查的数不在查找区间内loca=-1;//表示找不到while((!sign)&&(top<=bott)){mid=(bott+top)/2;if(number==a[mid]){loca=mid;printf("Hasfound%d,itspositionis%dn",number,loca+1);sign=1;}elseif(numberintmain(){inti,j,upp,low,dig,spa,oth;
chartext[3][80];upp=low=dig=spa=oth=0;for(i=0;i<3;i++){printf("pleaseinputline%d:n",i+1);gets(text[i]);for(j=0;j<80&&text[i][j]!=" ";j++){if(text[i][j]>="A"&&text[i][j]<="Z")upp++;elseif(text[i][j]>="a"&&text[i][j]<="z")low++;elseif(text[i][j]>="0"&&text[i][j]<="9")dig++;elseif(text[i][j]=="")spa++;elseoth++;}}printf("nuppercase:%dn",upp);printf("lowercase:%dn",low);printf("digit:%dn",dig);printf("space:%dn",spa);printf("other:%dn",oth);return0;}6-11#includeintmain(){chara[5]={"*","*","*","*","*"};inti,j,k;charspace="";for(i=0;i<5;i++){printf("n");printf("");for(j=1;j<=i;j++)printf("%c",space);for(k=0;k<5;k++)printf("%c",a[k]);}printf("n");return0;}
6-12a-c#includeintmain(){intj,n;charch[80],tran[80];printf("inputciphercode:");gets(ch);printf("nciphercode:%s",ch);j=0;while(ch[j]!=" "){if((ch[j]>="A")&&(ch[j]<="Z"))tran[j]=155-ch[j];elseif((ch[j]>="a")&&(ch[j]<="z"))tran[j]=219-ch[j];elsetran[j]=ch[j];j++;}n=j;printf("noriginaltext:");for(j=0;jintmain(){intj,n;charch[80];printf("inputciphercode:n");gets(ch);printf("nciphercode:%sn",ch);j=0;while(ch[j]!=" "){if((ch[j]>="A")&&(ch[j]<="Z"))ch[j]=155-ch[j];elseif((ch[j]>="a")&&(ch[j]<="z"))ch[j]=219-ch[j];else
ch[j]=ch[j];j++;}n=j;printf("originaltext:");for(j=0;jintmain(){chars1[80],s2[40];inti=0,j=0;printf("inputstring1:");scanf("%s",s1);printf("inputstring2:");scanf("%s",s2);while(s1[i]!=" ")i++;while(s2[j]!=" ")s1[i++]=s2[j++];s1[i]=" ";printf("nThenewstringis:%sn",s1);return0;}6-14#includeintmain(){inti,resu;chars1[100],s2[100];printf("inputstring1:");gets(s1);printf("ninputstring2:");gets(s2);i=0;while((s1[i]==s2[i])&&(s1[i]!=" "))i++;if(s1[i]==" "&&s2[i]==" ")
resu=0;elseresu=s1[i]-s2[i];printf("nresult:%d.n",resu);return0;}6-15#include#includeintmain(){chars1[80],s2[80];inti;printf("inputs2:");scanf("%s",s2);for(i=0;i<=strlen(s2);i++)s1[i]=s2[i];printf("s1:%sn",s1);return0;}第7章用函数实现模块化程序设计1707.1为什么要用函数1707.2怎样定义函数1727.2.1为什么要定义函数1727.2.2定义函数的方法1737.3调用函数1747.3.1函数调用的形式1747.3.2函数调用时的数据传递1757.3.3函数调用的过程1777.3.4函数的返回值1787.4对被调用函数的声明和函数原型1797.5函数的嵌套调用1827.6函数的递归调用1847.7数组作为函数参数1927.7.1数组元素作函数实参1937.7.2数组名作函数参数1947.7.3多维数组名作函数参数1977.8局部变量和全局变量1997.8.1局部变量1997.8.2全局变量2007.9变量的存储方式和生存期204
7.9.1动态存储方式与静态存储方式2047.9.2局部变量的存储类别2057.9.3全局变量的存储类别2087.9.4存储类别小结2127.10关于变量的声明和定义2147.11内部函数和外部函数2157.11.1内部函数2157.11.2外部函数215习题2187-1-1#includeintmain(){inthcf(int,int);intlcd(int,int,int);intu,v,h,l;scanf("%d,%d",&u,&v);h=hcf(u,v);printf("H.C.F=%dn",h);l=lcd(u,v,h);printf("L.C.D=%dn",l);return0;}inthcf(intu,intv){intt,r;if(v>u){t=u;u=v;v=t;}while((r=u%v)!=0){u=v;v=r;}return(v);}intlcd(intu,intv,inth){return(u*v/h);}7-1-2#includeintHcf,Lcd;intmain(){voidhcf(int,int);
voidlcd(int,int);intu,v;scanf("%d,%d",&u,&v);hcf(u,v);lcd(u,v);printf("H.C.F=%dn",Hcf);printf("L.C.D=%dn",Lcd);return0;}voidhcf(intu,intv){intt,r;if(v>u){t=u;u=v;v=t;}while((r=u%v)!=0){u=v;v=r;}Hcf=v;}voidlcd(intu,intv){Lcd=u*v/Hcf;}7-2#include#includefloatx1,x2,disc,p,q;intmain(){voidgreater_than_zero(float,float);voidequal_to_zero(float,float);voidsmaller_than_zero(float,float);floata,b,c;printf("inputa,b,c:");scanf("%f,%f,%f",&a,&b,&c);printf("equation:%5.2f*x*x+%5.2f*x+%5.2f=0n",a,b,c);disc=b*b-4*a*c;printf("root:n");if(disc>0){greater_than_zero(a,b);
printf("x1=%fttx2=%fn",x1,x2);}elseif(disc==0){equal_to_zero(a,b);printf("x1=%fttx2=%fn",x1,x2);}else{smaller_than_zero(a,b);printf("x1=%f+%fitx2=%f-%fin",p,q,p,q);}return0;}voidgreater_than_zero(floata,floatb){x1=(-b+sqrt(disc))/(2*a);x2=(-b-sqrt(disc))/(2*a);}voidequal_to_zero(floata,floatb){x1=x2=(-b)/(2*a);}voidsmaller_than_zero(floata,floatb){p=-b/(2*a);q=sqrt(-disc)/(2*a);}7-3#includeintmain(){intprime(int);intn;printf("inputaninteger:");scanf("%d",&n);if(prime(n))printf("%disaprime.n",n);elseprintf("%disnotaprime.n",n);return0;}
intprime(intn){intflag=1,i;for(i=2;i#defineN3intarray[N][N];intmain(){voidconvert(intarray[][3]);inti,j;printf("inputarray:n");for(i=0;i#includeintmain(){voidinverse(charstr[]);charstr[100];printf("inputstring:");scanf("%s",str);inverse(str);printf("inversestring:%sn",str);return0;}voidinverse(charstr[]){chart;inti,j;for(i=0,j=strlen(str);i<(strlen(str)/2);i++,j--){t=str[i];str[i]=str[j-1];str[j-1]=t;}}7-6#includeintmain(){voidconcatenate(charstring1[],charstring2[],charstring[]);chars1[100],s2[100],s[100];printf("inputstring1:");scanf("%s",s1);printf("inputstring2:");scanf("%s",s2);concatenate(s1,s2,s);printf("nThenewstringis%sn",s);return0;}
voidconcatenate(charstring1[],charstring2[],charstring[]){inti,j;for(i=0;string1[i]!=" ";i++)string[i]=string1[i];for(j=0;string2[j]!=" ";j++)string[i+j]=string2[j];string[i+j]=" ";}7-7#includeintmain(){voidcpy(char[],char[]);charstr[80],c[80];printf("inputstring:");gets(str);cpy(str,c);printf("Thevowellettersare:%sn",c);return0;}voidcpy(chars[],charc[]){inti,j;for(i=0,j=0;s[i]!=" ";i++)if(s[i]=="a"||s[i]=="A"||s[i]=="e"||s[i]=="E"||s[i]=="i"||s[i]=="I"||s[i]=="o"||s[i]=="O"||s[i]=="u"||s[i]=="U"){c[j]=s[i];j++;}c[j]=" ";}7-8#include#includeintmain(){charstr[80];voidinsert(char[]);printf("inputfourdigits:");scanf("%s",str);insert(str);return0;
}voidinsert(charstr[]){inti;for(i=strlen(str);i>0;i--){str[2*i]=str[i];str[2*i-1]="";}printf("output:n%sn",str);}7-9#includeintletter,digit,space,others;intmain(){voidcount(char[]);chartext[80];printf("inputstring:n");gets(text);printf("string:");puts(text);letter=0;digit=0;space=0;others=0;count(text);printf("nletter:%dndigit:%dnspace:%dnothers:%dn",letter,digit,space,others);return0;}voidcount(charstr[]){inti;for(i=0;str[i]!=" ";i++)if((str[i]>="a"&&str[i]<="z")||(str[i]>="A"&&str[i]<="Z"))letter++;elseif(str[i]>="0"&&str[i]<="9")digit++;elseif(str[i]==32)space++;elseothers++;}7-10
#include#includeintmain(){intalphabetic(char);intlongest(char[]);inti;charline[100];printf("inputoneline:n");gets(line);printf("Thelongestwordis:");for(i=longest(line);alphabetic(line[i]);i++)printf("%c",line[i]);printf("n");return0;}intalphabetic(charc){if((c>="a"&&c<="z")||(c>="A"&&c<="z"))return(1);elsereturn(0);}intlongest(charstring[]){intlen=0,i,length=0,flag=1,place=0,point;for(i=0;i<=strlen(string);i++)if(alphabetic(string[i]))if(flag){point=i;flag=0;}elselen++;else{flag=1;if(len>=length){length=len;place=point;len=0;}}return(place);}
7-11#include#include#defineN10charstr[N];intmain(){voidsort(char[]);inti,flag;for(flag=1;flag==1;){printf("inputstring:n");scanf("%s",&str);if(strlen(str)>N)printf("stringtoolong,inputagain!");elseflag=0;}sort(str);printf("stringsorted:n");for(i=0;istr[i+1]){t=str[i];str[i]=str[i+1];str[i+1]=t;}}7-12#include#includeintmain(){floatsolut(floata,floatb,floatc,floatd);floata,b,c,d;
printf("inputa,b,c,d:");scanf("%f,%f,%f,%f",&a,&b,&c,&d);printf("x=%10.7fn",solut(a,b,c,d));return0;}floatsolut(floata,floatb,floatc,floatd){floatx=1,x0,f,f1;do{x0=x;f=((a*x0+b)*x0+c)*x0+d;f1=(3*a*x0+2*b)*x0+c;x=x0-f/f1;}while(fabs(x-x0)>=1e-3);return(x);}7-13#include#defineN10#defineM5floatscore[N][M];floata_stu[N],a_cour[M];intr,c;intmain(){inti,j;floath;floats_var(void);floathighest();voidinput_stu(void);voidaver_stu(void);voidaver_cour(void);input_stu();aver_stu();aver_cour();printf("nNO.cour1cour2cour3cour4cour5avern");for(i=0;ihigh){high=score[i][j];r=i+1;c=j+1;}return(high);}floats_var(void){inti;floatsumx,sumxn;sumx=0.0;sumxn=0.0;for(i=0;i#defineN10#defineM5floatscore[N][M];floata_stu[N],a_cour[M];intr,c;intmain(){inti,j;floath;floats_var(void);floathighest();voidinput_stu(void);voidaver_stu(void);voidaver_cour(void);input_stu();aver_stu();
aver_cour();printf("nNO.cour1cour2cour3cour4cour5avern");for(i=0;ihigh){high=score[i][j];r=i+1;c=j+1;}return(high);}floats_var(void){inti;floatsumx,sumxn;sumx=0.0;sumxn=0.0;for(i=0;i#include#defineN10intmain(){voidinput(int[],charname[][8]);voidsort(int[],charname[][8]);voidsearch(int,int[],charname[][8]);intnum[N],number,flag=1,c;charname[N][8];input(num,name);sort(num,name);while(flag==1)
{printf("ninputnumbertolookfor:");scanf("%d",&number);search(number,num,name);printf("continueotnot(Y/N)?");getchar();c=getchar();if(c=="N"||c=="n")flag=0;}return0;}voidinput(intnum[],charname[N][8]){inti;for(i=0;inum[j])min=j;templ=num[i];strcpy(temp2,name[i]);num[i]=num[min];strcpy(name[i],name[min]);num[min]=templ;strcpy(name[min],temp2);}printf("nresult:n");for(i=0;inum[N-1]))loca=-1;while((sign==1)&&(top<=bott)){mid=(bott+top)/2;if(n==num[mid]){loca=mid;printf("NO.%d,hisnameis%s.n",n,name[loca]);sign=-1;}elseif(n#defineMAX1000intmain(){inthtoi(chars[]);intc,i,flag,flag1;chart[MAX];i=0;flag=0;flag1=1;printf("inputaHEXnumber:");while((c=getchar())!=" "&&i="0"&&c<="9"||c>="a"&&c<="f"||c>="A"&&c<="F"){flag=1;t[i++]=c;}elseif(flag){t[i]=" ";printf("decimalnumber%dn",htoi(t));printf("continueornot?");
c=getchar();if(c=="N"||c=="n")flag1=0;else{flag=0;i=0;printf("ninputaHEXnumber:");}}}return0;}inthtoi(chars[]){inti,n;n=0;for(i=0;s[i]!=" ";i++){if(s[i]>="0"&&s[i]<="9")n=n*16+s[i]-"0";if(s[i]>="a"&&s[i]<="f")n=n*16+s[i]-"a"+10;if(s[i]>="A"&&s[i]<="F")n=n*16+s[i]-"A"+10;}return(n);}7-17#includeintmain(){voidconvert(intn);intnumber;printf("inputaninteger:");scanf("%d",&number);printf("output:");if(number<0){putchar("-");putchar("");/*先输出一个‘-’号和空格*/number=-number;}convert(number);printf("n");return0;}
voidconvert(intn){inti;if((i=n/10)!=0)convert(i);putchar(n%10+"0");putchar(32);}7-18#includeintmain(){intsum_day(intmonth,intday);intleap(intyear);intyear,month,day,days;printf("inputdate(year,month,day):");scanf("%d,%d,%d",&year,&month,&day);printf("%d/%d/%d",year,month,day);days=sum_day(month,day);/*调用函数sum_day*/if(leap(year)&&month>=3)/*调用函数leap*/days=days+1;printf("isthe%dthdayinthisyear.n",days);return0;}intsum_day(intmonth,intday)/*函数sum_day:计算日期*/{intday_tab[13]={0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};inti;for(i=1;iintmain(){voidswap(int*p1,int*p2);intn1,n2,n3;int*p1,*p2,*p3;printf("inputthreeintegern1,n2,n3:");scanf("%d,%d,%d",&n1,&n2,&n3);p1=&n1;p2=&n2;p3=&n3;if(n1>n2)swap(p1,p2);if(n1>n3)swap(p1,p3);if(n2>n3)swap(p2,p3);
printf("Now,theorderis:%d,%d,%dn",n1,n2,n3);return0;}voidswap(int*p1,int*p2){intp;p=*p1;*p1=*p2;*p2=p;}#include#includeintmain(){voidswap(char*,char*);charstr1[20],str2[20],str3[20];printf("inputthreeline:n");gets(str1);gets(str2);gets(str3);if(strcmp(str1,str2)>0)swap(str1,str2);if(strcmp(str1,str3)>0)swap(str1,str3);if(strcmp(str2,str3)>0)swap(str2,str3);printf("Now,theorderis:n");printf("%sn%sn%sn",str1,str2,str3);return0;}voidswap(char*p1,char*p2){charp[20];strcpy(p,p1);strcpy(p1,p2);strcpy(p2,p);}8-3#includeintmain(){voidinput(int*);voidmax_min_value(int*);voidoutput(int*);intnumber[10];input(number);max_min_value(number);output(number);return0;
}voidinput(int*number){inti;printf("input10numbers:");for(i=0;i<10;i++)scanf("%d",&number[i]);}voidmax_min_value(int*number){int*max,*min,*p,temp;max=min=number;for(p=number+1;p*max)max=p;elseif(*p<*min)min=p;temp=number[0];number[0]=*min;*min=temp;if(max==number)max=min;temp=number[9];number[9]=*max;*max=temp;}voidoutput(int*number){int*p;printf("Now,theyare:");for(p=number;pintmain(){voidmove(int[20],int,int);intnumber[20],n,m,i;printf("howmanynumbers?");scanf("%d",&n);printf("input%dnumbers:n",n);for(i=0;iarray;p--)*p=*(p-1);*array=array_end;m--;if(m>0)move(array,n,m);}8-5#includeintmain(){inti,k,m,n,num[50],*p;printf("ninputnumberofperson:n=");scanf("%d",&n);p=num;for(i=0;iintmain(){intlength(char*p);intlen;charstr[20];printf("inputstring:");scanf("%s",str);len=length(str);printf("Thelengthofstringis%d.n",len);return0;}intlength(char*p){intn;n=0;while(*p!=" "){n++;p++;}return(n);}8-7#include#includeintmain(){voidcopystr(char*,char*,int);intm;charstr1[20],str2[20];printf("inputstring:");gets(str1);printf("whichcharacterthatbegintocopy?");scanf("%d",&m);if(strlen(str1)intmain(){intupper=0,lower=0,digit=0,space=0,other=0,i=0;char*p,s[20];printf("inputstring:");while((s[i]=getchar())!="n")i++;p=&s[0];while(*p!="n"){if(("A"<=*p)&&(*p<="Z"))++upper;elseif(("a"<=*p)&&(*p<="z"))++lower;elseif(*p=="")++space;elseif((*p<="9")&&(*p>="0"))++digit;else++other;p++;}printf("uppercase:%dlowercase:%d",upper,lower);printf("space:%ddigit:%dother:%dn",space,digit,other);return0;}
8-9#includeintmain(){voidmove(int*pointer);inta[3][3],*p,i;printf("inputmatrix:n");for(i=0;i<3;i++)scanf("%d%d%d",&a[i][0],&a[i][1],&a[i][2]);p=&a[0][0];move(p);printf("Now,matrix:n");for(i=0;i<3;i++)printf("%d%d%dn",a[i][0],a[i][1],a[i][2]);return0;}voidmove(int*pointer){inti,j,t;for(i=0;i<3;i++)for(j=i;j<3;j++){t=*(pointer+3*i+j);*(pointer+3*i+j)=*(pointer+3*j+i);*(pointer+3*j+i)=t;}}8-10-1#includeintmain(){voidchange(int*p);inta[5][5],*p,i,j;printf("inputmatrix:n");for(i=0;i<5;i++)for(j=0;j<5;j++)scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);p=&a[0][0];change(p);printf("Now,matrix:n");for(i=0;i<5;i++){for(j=0;j<5;j++)printf("%d",a[i][j]);printf("n");}
return0;}voidchange(int*p){inti,j,temp;int*pmax,*pmin;pmax=p;pmin=p;for(i=0;i<5;i++)for(j=i;j<5;j++){if(*pmax<*(p+5*i+j))pmax=p+5*i+j;if(*pmin>*(p+5*i+j))pmin=p+5*i+j;}temp=*(p+12);*(p+12)=*pmax;*pmax=temp;temp=*p;*p=*pmin;*pmin=temp;pmin=p+1;for(i=0;i<5;i++)for(j=0;j<5;j++)if(((p+5*i+j)!=p)&&(*pmin>*(p+5*i+j)))pmin=p+5*i+j;temp=*pmin;*pmin=*(p+4);*(p+4)=temp;pmin=p+1;for(i=0;i<5;i++)for(j=0;j<5;j++)if(((p+5*i+j)!=(p+4))&&((p+5*i+j)!=p)&&(*pmin>*(p+5*i+j)))pmin=p+5*i+j;temp=*pmin;*pmin=*(p+20);*(p+20)=temp;pmin=p+1;for(i=0;i<5;i++)for(j=0;j<5;j++)if(((p+5*i+j)!=p)&&((p+5*i+j)!=(p+4))&&((p+5*i+j)!=(p+20))&&(*pmin>*(p+5*i+j)))pmin=p+5*i+j;temp=*pmin;*pmin=*(p+24);*(p+24)=temp;}
8-10-2#includeintmain(){voidchange(int*p);inta[5][5],*p,i,j;printf("inputmatrix:n");for(i=0;i<5;i++)for(j=0;j<5;j++)scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);p=&a[0][0];change(p);printf("Now,matrix:n");for(i=0;i<5;i++){for(j=0;j<5;j++)printf("%d",a[i][j]);printf("n");}return0;}voidchange(int*p)//交换函数{inti,j,temp;int*pmax,*pmin;pmax=p;pmin=p;for(i=0;i<5;i++)//找最大值和最小值的地址,并赋给pmax,pminfor(j=i;j<5;j++){if(*pmax<*(p+5*i+j))pmax=p+5*i+j;if(*pmin>*(p+5*i+j))pmin=p+5*i+j;}temp=*(p+12);//将最大值与中心元素互换*(p+12)=*pmax;*pmax=temp;temp=*p;//将最小值与左上角元素互换*p=*pmin;*pmin=temp;pmin=p+1;//将a[0][1]的地址赋给pmin，从该位置开始找最小的元素for(i=0;i<5;i++)//找第二最小值的地址赋给pminfor(j=0;j<5;j++){if(i==0&&j==0)continue;
if(*pmin>*(p+5*i+j))pmin=p+5*i+j;}temp=*pmin;//将第二最小值与右上角元素互换*pmin=*(p+4);*(p+4)=temp;pmin=p+1;for(i=0;i<5;i++)//找第三最小值的地址赋给pminfor(j=0;j<5;j++){if((i==0&&j==0)||(i==0&&j==4))continue;if(*pmin>*(p+5*i+j))pmin=p+5*i+j;}temp=*pmin;//将第三最小值与左下角元素互换*pmin=*(p+20);*(p+20)=temp;pmin=p+1;for(i=0;i<5;i++)//找第四最小值的地址赋给pminfor(j=0;j<5;j++){if((i==0&&j==0)||(i==0&&j==4)||(i==4&&j==0))continue;if(*pmin>*(p+5*i+j))pmin=p+5*i+j;}temp=*pmin;//将第四最小值与右下角元素互换*pmin=*(p+24);*(p+24)=temp;}8-11-1#include#includeintmain(){voidsort(chars[][6]);inti;charstr[10][6];printf("input10strings:n");for(i=0;i<10;i++)scanf("%s",str[i]);sort(str);printf("Now,thesequenceis:n");for(i=0;i<10;i++)printf("%sn",str[i]);return0;}
voidsort(chars[10][6]){inti,j;char*p,temp[10];p=temp;for(i=0;i<9;i++)for(j=0;j<9-i;j++)if(strcmp(s[j],s[j+1])>0){strcpy(p,s[j]);strcpy(s[j],s[+j+1]);strcpy(s[j+1],p);}}8-11-2#include#includeintmain(){voidsort(char(*p)[6]);inti;charstr[10][6];char(*p)[6];printf("input10strings:n");for(i=0;i<10;i++)scanf("%s",str[i]);p=str;sort(p);printf("Now,thesequenceis:n");for(i=0;i<10;i++)printf("%sn",str[i]);return0;}voidsort(char(*s)[6]){inti,j;chartemp[6],*t=temp;for(i=0;i<9;i++)for(j=0;j<9-i;j++)if(strcmp(s[j],s[j+1])>0){strcpy(t,s[j]);strcpy(s[j],s[+j+1]);strcpy(s[j+1],t);}
}8-12#include#includeintmain(){voidsort(char*[]);inti;char*p[10],str[10][20];for(i=0;i<10;i++)p[i]=str[i];printf("input10strings:n");for(i=0;i<10;i++)scanf("%s",p[i]);sort(p);printf("Now,thesequenceis:n");for(i=0;i<10;i++)printf("%sn",p[i]);return0;}voidsort(char*s[]){inti,j;char*temp;for(i=0;i<9;i++)for(j=0;j<9-i;j++)if(strcmp(*(s+j),*(s+j+1))>0){temp=*(s+j);*(s+j)=*(s+j+1);*(s+j+1)=temp;}}8-13#include#includeintmain(){floatintegral(float(*)(float),float,float,int);//对integarl函数的声明floatfsin(float);//对fsin函数的声明floatfcos(float);//对fcos函数的声明floatfexp(float);//对fexp函数的声明floata1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,c,(*p)(float);intn=20;
printf("inputa1,b1:");scanf("%f,%f",&a1,&b1);printf("inputa2,b2:");scanf("%f,%f",&a2,&b2);printf("inputa3,b3:");scanf("%f,%f",&a3,&b3);p=fsin;c=integral(p,a1,b1,n);printf("Theintegralofsin(x)is:%fn",c);p=fcos;c=integral(p,a2,b2,n);printf("Theintegralofcos(x)is:%fn",c);p=fexp;c=integral(p,a3,b3,n);printf("Theintegralofexp(x)is:%fn",c);return0;}floatintegral(float(*p)(float),floata,floatb,intn){inti;floatx,h,s;h=(b-a)/n;x=a;s=0;for(i=1;i<=n;i++){x=x+h;s=s+(*p)(x)*h;}return(s);}floatfsin(floatx){returnsin(x);}floatfcos(floatx){returncos(x);}floatfexp(floatx){returnexp(x);}8-14#includeintmain(){voidsort(char*p,intm);
inti,n;char*p,num[20];printf("inputn:");scanf("%d",&n);printf("pleaseinputthesenumbers:n");for(i=0;iintmain(){voidavsco(float*,float*);voidavcour1(char(*)[10],float*);voidfali2(charcourse[5][10],intnum[],float*pscore,floataver[4]);voidgood(charcourse[5][10],intnum[4],float*pscore,floataver[4]);inti,j,*pnum,num[4];floatscore[4][5],aver[4],*pscore,*paver;charcourse[5][10],(*pcourse)[10];printf("inputcourse:n");pcourse=course;for(i=0;i<5;i++)scanf("%s",course[i]);printf("inputNO.andscores:n");printf("NO.");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)printf(",%s",course[i]);printf("n");pscore=&score[0][0];pnum=&num[0];for(i=0;i<4;i++){scanf("%d",pnum+i);for(j=0;j<5;j++)scanf("%f",pscore+5*i+j);}paver=&aver[0];printf("nn");avsco(pscore,paver);//求出每个学生的平均成绩avcour1(pcourse,pscore);//求出第一门课的平均成绩printf("nn");fali2(pcourse,pnum,pscore,paver);//找出2门课不及格的学生printf("nn");good(pcourse,pnum,pscore,paver);//找出成绩好的学生return0;}voidavsco(float*pscore,float*paver)//求每个学生的平均成绩的函数{inti,j;floatsum,average;for(i=0;i<4;i++){sum=0.0;for(j=0;j<5;j++)sum=sum+(*(pscore+5*i+j));//累计每个学生的各科成绩average=sum/5;//计算平均成绩*(paver+i)=average;}}voidavcour1(char(*pcourse)[10],float*pscore)//求第一课程的平均成绩的函数{inti;floatsum,average1;sum=0.0;for(i=0;i<4;i++)sum=sum+(*(pscore+5*i));//累计每个学生的得分average1=sum/4;//计算平均成绩printf("course1:%saveragescore:%7.2fn",*pcourse,average1);}voidfali2(charcourse[5][10],intnum[],float*pscore,floataver[4])
//找两门以上课程不及格的学生的函数{inti,j,k,labe1;printf("==========Studentwhoisfailintwocourses=======n");printf("NO.");for(i=0;i<5;i++)printf("%11s",course[i]);printf("averagen");for(i=0;i<4;i++){labe1=0;for(j=0;j<5;j++)if(*(pscore+5*i+j)<60.0)labe1++;if(labe1>=2){printf("%d",num[i]);for(k=0;k<5;k++)printf("%11.2f",*(pscore+5*i+k));printf("%11.2fn",aver[i]);}}}voidgood(charcourse[5][10],intnum[4],float*pscore,floataver[4])//找成绩优秀学生(各门85以上或平均90分以上)的函数{inti,j,k,n;printf("======Studentswhosescoreisgood======n");printf("NO.");for(i=0;i<5;i++)printf("%11s",course[i]);printf("averagen");for(i=0;i<4;i++){n=0;for(j=0;j<5;j++)if(*(pscore+5*i+j)>85.0)n++;if((n==5)||(aver[i]>=90)){printf("%d",num[i]);for(k=0;k<5;k++)printf("%11.2f",*(pscore+5*i+k));printf("%11.2fn",aver[i]);}}}8-16#include
intmain(){charstr[50],*pstr;inti,j,k,m,e10,digit,ndigit,a[10],*pa;printf("inputastring:n");gets(str);pstr=&str[0];/*字符指针pstr置于数组str首地址*/pa=&a[0];/*指针pa置于a数组首地址*/ndigit=0;/*ndigit代表有多少个整数*/i=0;/*代表字符串中的第几个字符*/j=0;while(*(pstr+i)!=" "){if((*(pstr+i)>="0")&&(*(pstr+i)<="9"))j++;else{if(j>0){digit=*(pstr+i-1)-48;/*将个数位赋予digit*/k=1;while(k0)/*以数字结尾字符串的最后一个数据*/{digit=*(pstr+i-1)-48;/*将个数位赋予digit*/k=1;while(kintmain(){intstrcmp(char*p1,char*p2);intm;charstr1[20],str2[20],*p1,*p2;printf("inputtwostrings:n");scanf("%s",str1);scanf("%s",str2);p1=&str1[0];p2=&str2[0];m=strcmp(p1,p2);printf("result:%d,n",m);return0;}intstrcmp(char*p1,char*p2)//两个字符串比较函数{inti;i=0;while(*(p1+i)==*(p2+i))if(*(p1+i++)==" ")return(0);//相等时返回结果0return(*(p1+i)-*(p2+i));//不等时返回结果为第一个不等字符ASCII码的差值}8-18#includeintmain(){char*month_name[13]={"illegalmonth","January","February","March","April","May","June","july","August","September","October","November","December"};intn;
printf("inputmonth:n");scanf("%d",&n);if((n<=12)&&(n>=1))printf("Itis%s.n",*(month_name+n));elseprintf("Itiswrong.n");return0;}8-19-1#include#defineNEWSIZE1000//指定开辟存区的最大容量charnewbuf[NEWSIZE];//定义字符数组newbufchar*newp=newbuf;//定义指针变量newp，指向可存区的始端char*new(intn)//定义开辟存区的函数new,开辟存储区后返回指针{if(newp+n<=newbuf+NEWSIZE)//开辟区未超过newbuf数组的大小{newp+=n;//newp指向存储区的末尾return(newp-n);//返回一个指针,它指向存区的开始位置}elsereturn(NULL);//当存区不够分配时,返回一个空指针}8-19-2#include#defineNEWSIZE1000charnewbuf[NEWSIZE];char*newp=newbuf;voidfree(char*p)//释放存区函数{if(p>=newbuf&&p0)/*比较后交换字符串地址*/{temp=*(p+i);*(p+i)=*(p+j);*(p+j)=temp;}}}return0;}8-21#includeintmain(){voidsort(int**p,intn);inti,n,data[20],**p,*pstr[20];printf("inputn:n");scanf("%d",&n);for(i=0;i**(p+j))//比较后交换整数地址{temp=*(p+i);*(p+i)=*(p+j);*(p+j)=temp;}}}}第9章用户自己建立数据类型2939.1定义和使用结构体变量2939.1.1自己建立结构体类型2939.1.2定义结构体类型变量2959.1.3结构体变量的初始化和引用2979.2使用结构体数组3009.2.1定义结构体数组3009.2.2结构体数组的应用举例3019.3结构体指针3039.3.1指向结构体变量的指针3039.3.2指向结构体数组的指针3049.3.3用结构体变量和结构体变量的指针作函数参数3069.4用指针处理链表3099.4.1什么是链表3099.4.2建立简单的静态链表3109.4.3建立动态链表3119.4.4输出链表3159.5共用体类型3179.5.1什么是共用体类型3179.5.2引用共用体变量的方式3189.5.3共用体类型数据的特点3199.6使用枚举类型3239.7用typedef声明新类型名326习题3309-1-1
#includestruct{intyear;intmonth;intday;}date;intmain(){intdays;printf("inputyear,month,day:");scanf("%d,%d,%d",&date.year,&date.month,&date.day);switch(date.month){case1:days=date.day;break;case2:days=date.day+31;break;case3:days=date.day+59;break;case4:days=date.day+90;break;case5:days=date.day+120;break;case6:days=date.day+151;break;case7:days=date.day+181;break;case8:days=date.day+212;break;case9:days=date.day+243;break;case10:days=date.day+273;break;case11:days=date.day+304;break;case12:days=date.day+334;break;}if((date.year%4==0&&date.year%100!=0||date.year%400==0)&&date.month>=3)days+=1;printf("%d/%disthe%dthdayin%d.n",date.month,date.day,days,date.year);return0;}9-1-2#includestruct{intyear;intmonth;intday;}date;intmain(){inti,days;intday_tab[13]={0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};printf("inputyear,month,day:");scanf("%d,%d,%d",&date.year,&date.month,&date.day);
days=0;for(i=1;i=3)days=days+1;printf("%d/%disthe%dthdayin%d.n",date.month,date.day,days,date.year);return0;}9-2-1#includestructy_m_d{intyear;intmonth;intday;}date;intmain(){intdays(structy_m_ddate1);printf("inputyear,month,day:");scanf("%d,%d,%d",&date.year,&date.month,&date.day);printf("%d/%disthe%dthdayin%d.n",date.month,date.day,days(date),date.year);}intdays(structy_m_ddate1){intsum;switch(date1.month){case1:sum=date1.day;break;case2:sum=date1.day+31;break;case3:sum=date1.day+59;break;case4:sum=date1.day+90;break;case5:sum=date1.day+120;break;case6:sum=date1.day+151;break;case7:sum=date1.day+181;break;case8:sum=date1.day+212;break;case9:sum=date1.day+243;break;case10:sum=date1.day+273;break;case11:sum=date1.day+304;break;case12:sum=date1.day+334;break;}if((date1.year%4==0&&date1.year%100!=0||date1.year%400==0)&&date1.month>=3)sum+=1;
return(sum);}9-2-2#includestructy_m_d{intyear;intmonth;intday;}date;intmain(){intdays(intyear,intmonth,intday);intdays(int,int,int);intday_sum;printf("inputyear,month,day:");scanf("%d,%d,%d",&date.year,&date.month,&date.day);day_sum=days(date.year,date.month,date.day);printf("%d/%disthe%dthdayin%d.n",date.month,date.day,day_sum,date.year);}intdays(intyear,intmonth,intday){intday_sum,i;intday_tab[13]={0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};day_sum=0;for(i=1;i=3)day_sum+=1;return(day_sum);}9-3#include#defineN5structstudent{charnum[6];charname[8];intscore[4];}stu[N];
intmain(){voidprint(structstudentstu[6]);inti,j;for(i=0;i#defineN5structstudent{charnum[6];charname[8];intscore[4];}stu[N];intmain(){voidinput(structstudentstu[]);voidprint(structstudentstu[]);input(stu);
print(stu);return0;}voidinput(structstudentstu[]){inti,j;for(i=0;i#defineN10structstudent{charnum[6];charname[8];floatscore[3];floatavr;}stu[N];intmain()
{inti,j,maxi;floatsum,max,average;for(i=0;imax){max=sum;maxi=i;}}average/=N;printf("NO.namescore1score2score3averagen");for(i=0;i#defineN13structperson{intnumber;intnextp;}link[N+1];intmain(){inti,count,h;for(i=1;i<=N;i++){if(i==N)link[i].nextp=1;elselink[i].nextp=i+1;link[i].number=i;}printf("n");count=0;h=N;printf("sequencethatpersonsleavethecircle:n");while(count
structstudent{longnum;floatscore;structstudent*next;};intn;structstudent*del(structstudent*head,longnum){structstudent*p1,*p2;if(head==NULL)//是空表{printf("nlistnull!n");return(head);}p1=head;//使p1指向第一个结点while(num!=p1->num&&p1->next!=NULL)//p1指向的不是所要找的结点且后面还有结点*/{p2=p1;p1=p1->next;}//p1后移一个结点if(num==p1->num)//找到了{if(p1==head)head=p1->next;//若p1指向的是首结点,把第二个结点地址赋予head*/elsep2->next=p1->next;//否则将下一结点地址赋给前一结点地址printf("delete:%ldn",num);n=n-1;}elseprintf("%ldnotbeenfound!n",num);//找不到该结点return(head);}9-8#includestructstudent{longnum;floatscore;structstudent*next;};intn;structstudent*insert(structstudent*head,structstudent*stud){structstudent*p0,*p1,*p2;p1=head;//使ｐ１指向第一个结点p0=stud;//指向要插入的结点if(head==NULL)//原来的链表是空表{head=p0;p0->next=NULL;}//使ｐ０指向的结点作为头结点else
{while((p0->num>p1->num)&&(p1->next!=NULL)){p2=p1;//使ｐ２指向刚才p１指向的结点p1=p1->next;}//p1后移一个结点if(p0->num<=p1->num){if(head==p1)head=p0;//插到原来第一个结点之前elsep2->next=p0;//插到p2指向的结点之后p0->next=p1;}else{p1->next=p0;p0->next=NULL;//插到最后的结点之后}}n=n+1;//结点数加１return(head);}9-9-1#include#include#defineLENsizeof(structstudent)structstudent{longnum;floatscore;structstudent*next;};intn;intmain(){structstudent*creat();structstudent*del(structstudent*,long);structstudent*insert(structstudent*,structstudent*);voidprint(structstudent*);structstudent*head,stu;longdel_num;printf("inputrecords:n");head=creat();print(head);printf("inputthedeletednumber:");scanf("%ld",&del_num);head=del(head,del_num);print(head);
printf("inputtheinsertedrecord:");scanf("%ld,%f",&stu.num,&stu.score);head=insert(head,&stu);print(head);return0;}structstudent*creat(){structstudent*head;structstudent*p1,*p2;n=0;p1=p2=(structstudent*)malloc(LEN);scanf("%ld,%f",&p1->num,&p1->score);head=NULL;while(p1->num!=0){n=n+1;if(n==1)head=p1;elsep2->next=p1;p2=p1;p1=(structstudent*)malloc(LEN);scanf("%ld,%f",&p1->num,&p1->score);}p2->next=NULL;return(head);}structstudent*del(structstudent*head,longnum){structstudent*p1,*p2;if(head==NULL){printf("nlistnull!n");return(head);}p1=head;while(num!=p1->num&&p1->next!=NULL){p2=p1;p1=p1->next;}if(num==p1->num){if(p1==head)head=p1->next;elsep2->next=p1->next;printf("delete:%ldn",num);n=n-1;}elseprintf("%ldnotbeenfound!n",num);return(head);}
structstudent*insert(structstudent*head,structstudent*stud){structstudent*p0,*p1,*p2;p1=head;p0=stud;if(head==NULL){head=p0;p0->next=NULL;}else{while((p0->num>p1->num)&&(p1->next!=NULL)){p2=p1;p1=p1->next;}if(p0->num<=p1->num){if(head==p1)head=p0;elsep2->next=p0;p0->next=p1;}else{p1->next=p0;p0->next=NULL;}}n=n+1;return(head);}voidprint(structstudent*head){structstudent*p;printf("nNow,These%drecordsare:n",n);p=head;if(head!=NULL)do{printf("%ld%5.1fn",p->num,p->score);p=p->next;}while(p!=NULL);}9-9-2#include#include#defineNULL0#defineLENsizeof(structstudent)structstudent{longnum;
floatscore;structstudent*next;};intn;intmain(){structstudent*creat();structstudent*del(structstudent*,long);structstudent*insert(structstudent*,structstudent*);voidprint(structstudent*);structstudent*head,stu;longdel_num;printf("inputrecords:n");head=creat();print(head);printf("inputthedeletednumber:");scanf("%ld",&del_num);head=del(head,del_num);print(head);printf("inputtheinsertedrecord:");scanf("%ld,%f",&stu.num,&stu.score);head=insert(head,&stu);print(head);printf("inputtheinsertedrecord:");scanf("%ld,%f",&stu.num,&stu.score);head=insert(head,&stu);print(head);return0;}structstudent*creat(){structstudent*head;structstudent*p1,*p2;n=0;p1=p2=(structstudent*)malloc(LEN);scanf("%ld,%f",&p1->num,&p1->score);head=NULL;while(p1->num!=0){n=n+1;if(n==1)head=p1;elsep2->next=p1;p2=p1;p1=(structstudent*)malloc(LEN);scanf("%ld,%f",&p1->num,&p1->score);}
p2->next=NULL;return(head);}structstudent*del(structstudent*head,longnum){structstudent*p1,*p2;if(head==NULL){printf("nlistnull!n");return(head);}p1=head;while(num!=p1->num&&p1->next!=NULL){p2=p1;p1=p1->next;}if(num==p1->num){if(p1==head)head=p1->next;elsep2->next=p1->next;printf("delete:%ldn",num);n=n-1;}elseprintf("%ldnotbeenfound!n",num);return(head);}structstudent*insert(structstudent*head,structstudent*stud){structstudent*p0,*p1,*p2;p1=head;p0=stud;if(head==NULL){head=p0;p0->next=NULL;}else{while((p0->num>p1->num)&&(p1->next!=NULL)){p2=p1;p1=p1->next;}if(p0->num<=p1->num){if(head==p1)head=p0;elsep2->next=p0;p0->next=p1;}else{p1->next=p0;p0->next=NULL;}}n=n+1;return(head);
}voidprint(structstudent*head){structstudent*p;printf("nNow,These%drecordsare:n",n);p=head;if(head!=NULL)do{printf("%ld%5.1fn",p->num,p->score);p=p->next;}while(p!=NULL);}9-9-3#include#include#defineLENsizeof(structstudent)structstudent{longnum;floatscore;structstudent*next;};intn;intmain(){structstudent*creat();voidprint(structstudent*);structstudent*del(structstudent*,long);structstudent*insert(structstudent*,structstudent*);structstudent*head,*stu;longdel_num;printf("inputrecords:n");head=creat();print(head);printf("inputthedeletednumber:");scanf("%ld",&del_num);while(del_num!=0){head=del(head,del_num);print(head);printf("inputthedeletednumber:");scanf("%ld",&del_num);}printf("ninputtheinsertedrecord:");stu=(structstudent*)malloc(LEN);
scanf("%ld,%f",&stu->num,&stu->score);while(stu->num!=0){head=insert(head,stu);print(head);printf("inputtheinsertedrecord:");stu=(structstudent*)malloc(LEN);scanf("%ld,%f",&stu->num,&stu->score);}return0;}structstudent*creat(){structstudent*head;structstudent*p1,*p2;n=0;p1=p2=(structstudent*)malloc(LEN);scanf("%ld,%f",&p1->num,&p1->score);head=NULL;while(p1->num!=0){n=n+1;if(n==1)head=p1;elsep2->next=p1;p2=p1;p1=(structstudent*)malloc(LEN);scanf("%ld,%f",&p1->num,&p1->score);}p2->next=NULL;return(head);}structstudent*del(structstudent*head,longnum){structstudent*p1,*p2;if(head==NULL){printf("nlistnull!n");return(head);}p1=head;while(num!=p1->num&&p1->next!=NULL){p2=p1;p1=p1->next;}if(num==p1->num){if(p1==head)head=p1->next;elsep2->next=p1->next;printf("delete:%ldn",num);n=n-1;}elseprintf("%ldnotbeenfound!n",num);
return(head);}structstudent*insert(structstudent*head,structstudent*stud){structstudent*p0,*p1,*p2;p1=head;p0=stud;if(head==NULL){head=p0;p0->next=NULL;}else{while((p0->num>p1->num)&&(p1->next!=NULL)){p2=p1;p1=p1->next;}if(p0->num<=p1->num){if(head==p1)head=p0;elsep2->next=p0;p0->next=p1;}else{p1->next=p0;p0->next=NULL;}}n=n+1;return(head);}voidprint(structstudent*head){structstudent*p;printf("nNow,These%drecordsare:n",n);p=head;if(head!=NULL)do{printf("%ld%5.1fn",p->num,p->score);p=p->next;}while(p!=NULL);}9-10#include#include#defineLENsizeof(structstudent)structstudent{longnum;
intscore;structstudent*next;};structstudentlista,listb;intn,sum=0;intmain(){structstudent*creat(void);structstudent*insert(structstudent*,structstudent*);voidprint(structstudent*);structstudent*ahead,*bhead,*abh;printf("inputlista:n");ahead=creat();sum=sum+n;printf("inputlistb:n");bhead=creat();sum=sum+n;abh=insert(ahead,bhead);print(abh);return0;}structstudent*creat(void)//建立链表函数{structstudent*p1,*p2,*head;n=0;p1=p2=(structstudent*)malloc(LEN);printf("inputnumber&scoresofstudent:n");printf("ifnumberis0,stopinputing.n");scanf("%ld,%d",&p1->num,&p1->score);head=NULL;while(p1->num!=0){n=n+1;if(n==1)head=p1;elsep2->next=p1;p2=p1;p1=(structstudent*)malloc(LEN);scanf("%ld,%d",&p1->num,&p1->score);}p2->next=NULL;return(head);}
structstudent*insert(structstudent*ah,structstudent*bh)//插入函数{structstudent*pa1,*pa2,*pb1,*pb2;pa2=pa1=ah;pb2=pb1=bh;do{while((pb1->num>pa1->num)&&(pa1->next!=NULL)){pa2=pa1;pa1=pa1->next;}if(pb1->num<=pa1->num){if(ah==pa1)ah=pb1;elsepa2->next=pb1;pb1=pb1->next;pb2->next=pa1;pa2=pb2;pb2=pb1;}}while((pa1->next!=NULL)||(pa1==NULL&&pb1!=NULL));if((pb1!=NULL)&&(pb1->num>pa1->num)&&(pa1->next==NULL))pa1->next=pb1;return(ah);}voidprint(structstudent*head)//输出函数{structstudent*p;printf("Thereare%drecords:n",sum);p=head;if(p!=NULL)do{printf("%ld%dn",p->num,p->score);p=p->next;}while(p!=NULL);}9-11#include#include#defineLA4#defineLB5structstudent
{intnum;charname[8];structstudent*next;}a[LA],b[LB];intmain(){structstudenta[LA]={{101,"Wang"},{102,"Li"},{105,"Zhang"},{106,"Wei"}};structstudentb[LB]={{103,"Zhang"},{104,"Ma"},{105,"Chen"},{107,"Guo"},{108,"lui"}};inti;structstudent*p,*p1,*p2,*head1,*head2;head1=a;head2=b;printf("listA:n");for(p1=head1,i=1;i<=LA;i++){if(inext=a+i;elsep1->next=NULL;printf("%4d%8sn",p1->num,p1->name);if(inext;}printf("nlistB:n");for(p2=head2,i=1;i<=LB;i++){if(inext=b+i;elsep2->next=NULL;printf("%4d%8sn",p2->num,p2->name);if(inext;}p1=head1;while(p1!=NULL){p2=head2;while((p1->num!=p2->num)&&(p2->next!=NULL))p2=p2->next;if(p1->num==p2->num){if(p1==head1)head1=p1->next;else{p->next=p1->next;p1=p1->next;}}else{p=p1;p1=p1->next;}}printf("nresult:n");
p1=head1;while(p1!=NULL){printf("%4d%7sn",p1->num,p1->name);p1=p1->next;}return0;}9-12#include#include#defineLENsizeof(structstudent)structstudent{charnum[6];charname[8];charsex[2];intage;structstudent*next;}stu[10];intmain(){structstudent*p,*pt,*head;inti,length,iage,flag=1;intfind=0;//找到待删除元素find=1,否则find=0while(flag==1){printf("inputlengthoflist(<10):");scanf("%d",&length);if(length<10)flag=0;}//建立链表for(i=0;inext=p;pt=p;printf("NO.:");scanf("%s",p->num);printf("name:");scanf("%s",p->name);
printf("sex:");scanf("%s",p->sex);printf("age:");scanf("%d",&p->age);}p->next=NULL;p=head;printf("nNO.namesexagen");//显示while(p!=NULL){printf("%4s%8s%6s%6dn",p->num,p->name,p->sex,p->age);p=p->next;}//删除printf("inputage:");//输入待删年龄scanf("%d",&iage);pt=head;p=pt;if(pt->age==iage)//链头是待删元素{p=pt->next;head=pt=p;find=1;}else//链头不是待删元素pt=pt->next;while(pt!=NULL){if(pt->age==iage){p->next=pt->next;find=1;}else//中间结点不是待删元素p=pt;pt=pt->next;}if(!find)printf("notfound%d.",iage);p=head;printf("nNO.namesexagen");//显示结果while(p!=NULL){printf("%4s%8s",p->num,p->name);printf("%6s%6dn",p->sex,p->age);p=p->next;}
return0;}第10章对文件的输入输出33110.1C文件的有关基本知识33110.1.1什么是文件33110.1.2文件名33210.1.3文件的分类33210.1.4文件缓冲区33310.1.5文件类型指针33310.2打开与关闭文件33510.2.1用fopen函数打开数据文件33510.2.2用fclose函数关闭数据文件33710.3顺序读写数据文件33810.3.1怎样向文件读写字符33810.3.2怎样向文件读写一个字符串34110.3.3用格式化的方式读写文件34410.3.4用二进制方式向文件读写一组数据34510.4随机读写数据文件34910.4.1?募恢帽昙羌捌涠ㄎ?34910.4.2随机读写35210.5文件读写的出错检测353习题354第11章常见错误分析355附录370附录A在VisualC++6.0环境下运行C程序的方法370附录B常用字符与ASCII代码对照表377附录CC语言中的关键字378附录D运算符和结合性378附录EC语言常用语法提要380附录FC库函数384参考文献39010-3#include#include#includeintmain(){FILE*fp;charstr[100];inti=0;if((fp=fopen("a1","w"))==NULL){printf("cannotopenfilen");exit(0);
}printf("inputastring:n");gets(str);while(str[i]!="!"){if(str[i]>="a"&&str[i]<="z")str[i]=str[i]-32;fputc(str[i],fp);i++;}fclose(fp);fp=fopen("a1","r");fgets(str,strlen(str)+1,fp);printf("%sn",str);fclose(fp);return0;}10-4#include#includeintmain(){FILE*fp;inti,j,n,i1;charc[100],t,ch;if((fp=fopen("a1","r"))==NULL){printf("ncannotopenfilen");exit(0);}printf("fileA:n");for(i=0;(ch=fgetc(fp))!=EOF;i++){c[i]=ch;putchar(c[i]);}fclose(fp);i1=i;if((fp=fopen("b1","r"))==NULL){printf("ncannotopenfilen");exit(0);}printf("nfileB:n");
for(i=i1;(ch=fgetc(fp))!=EOF;i++){c[i]=ch;putchar(c[i]);}fclose(fp);n=i;for(i=0;ic[j]){t=c[i];c[i]=c[j];c[j]=t;}printf("nfileC:n");fp=fopen("c1","w");for(i=0;istructstudent{charnum[10];charname[8];intscore[3];floatave;}stu[5];intmain(){inti,j,sum;FILE*fp;for(i=0;i<5;i++){printf("ninputscoreofstudent%d:n",i+1);printf("NO.:");scanf("%s",stu[i].num);printf("name:");scanf("%s",stu[i].name);sum=0;
for(j=0;j<3;j++){printf("score%d:",j+1);scanf("%d",&stu[i].score[j]);sum+=stu[i].score[j];}stu[i].ave=sum/3.0;}/*将数据写入文件*/fp=fopen("stud","w");for(i=0;i<5;i++)if(fwrite(&stu[i],sizeof(structstudent),1,fp)!=1)printf("filewriteerrorn");fclose(fp);fp=fopen("stud","r");for(i=0;i<5;i++){fread(&stu[i],sizeof(structstudent),1,fp);printf("n%s,%s,%d,%d,%d,%6.2fn",stu[i].num,stu[i].name,stu[i].score[0],stu[i].score[1],stu[i].score[2],stu[i].ave);}return0;}10-5-2#include#defineSIZE5structstudent{charname[10];intnum;intscore[3];floatave;}stud[SIZE];intmain(){voidsave(void);inti;floatsum[SIZE];FILE*fp1;for(i=0;i#include#defineN10structstudent{charnum[10];charname[8];intscore[3];floatave;}st[N],temp;intmain(){FILE*fp;
inti,j,n;/*读文件*/if((fp=fopen("stud","r"))==NULL){printf("cannotopen.n");exit(0);}printf("File"stud":");for(i=0;fread(&st[i],sizeof(structstudent),1,fp)!=0;i++){printf("n%8s%8s",st[i].num,st[i].name);for(j=0;j<3;j++)printf("%8d",st[i].score[j]);printf("%10.2f",st[i].ave);}printf("n");fclose(fp);n=i;/*排序*/for(i=0;i
#include#defineSIZE5structstudent{charname[10];intnum;intscore[3];floatave;}stud[SIZE],work;intmain(){voidsort(void);inti;FILE*fp;sort();fp=fopen("stud_sort.dat","rb");printf("sortedstudent"sscoreslistasfollown");printf("----------------------------------------------------n");printf("NAMEN0.SCORE1SCORE2SCORE3AVEn");printf("----------------------------------------------------n");for(i=0;i#includestructstudent{charnum[10];charname[8];intscore[3];floatave;}st[10],s;intmain(){FILE*fp,*fp1;inti,j,t,n;printf("nNO.:");scanf("%s",s.num);printf("name:");scanf("%s",s.name);printf("score1,score2,score3:");scanf("%d,%d,%d",&s.score[0],&s.score[1],&s.score[2]);s.ave=(s.score[0]+s.score[1]+s.score[2])/3.0;/*从文件读数据*/if((fp=fopen("stu_sort","r"))==NULL){printf("cannotopenfile.");exit(0);}printf("originaldata:n");for(i=0;fread(&st[i],sizeof(structstudent),1,fp)!=0;i++)
{printf("n%8s%8s",st[i].num,st[i].name);for(j=0;j<3;j++)printf("%8d",st[i].score[j]);printf("%10.2f",st[i].ave);}n=i;for(t=0;st[t].ave>s.ave&&t#includestructstudent{charnum[10];charname[8];intscore[3];
floatave;}st[10],s;intmain(){FILE*fp,*fp1;inti,j,t,n;printf("nNO.:");scanf("%s",s.num);printf("name:");scanf("%s",s.name);printf("score1,score2,score3:");scanf("%d,%d,%d",&s.score[0],&s.score[1],&s.score[2]);s.ave=(s.score[0]+s.score[1]+s.score[2])/3.0;/*从文件读数据*/if((fp=fopen("stu_sort","r"))==NULL){printf("cannotopenfile.");exit(0);}printf("originaldata:n");for(i=0;fread(&st[i],sizeof(structstudent),1,fp)!=0;i++){printf("n%8s%8s",st[i].num,st[i].name);for(j=0;j<3;j++)printf("%8d",st[i].score[j]);printf("%10.2f",st[i].ave);}n=i;for(t=0;st[t].ave>s.ave&&t#include#includestructemploee{charnum[6];charname[10];charsex[2];intage;charaddr[20];intsalary;charhealth[8];charclass[10];}em[10];structemp{charname[10];intsalary;}em_case[10];intmain(){FILE*fp1,*fp2;inti,j;if((fp1=fopen("emploee","r"))==NULL){printf("cannotopenfile.n");exit(0);}printf("nNO.namesexageaddrsalaryhealthclassn");for(i=0;fread(&em[i],sizeof(structemploee),1,fp1)!=0;i++){printf("n%4s%8s%4s%6d%10s%6d%10s%8s",em[i].num,em[i].name,em[i].sex,
em[i].age,em[i].addr,em[i].salary,em[i].health,em[i].class);strcpy(em_case[i].name,em[i].name);em_case[i].salary=em[i].salary;}printf("nn********************************");if((fp2=fopen("emp_salary","wb"))==NULL){printf("cannotopenfilen");exit(0);}for(j=0;j#include#includestructemploee{charname[10];intsalary;}emp[20];intmain(){FILE*fp;inti,j,n,flag;charname[10];if((fp=fopen("emp_salary","rb"))==NULL){printf("cannotopenfile.n");exit(0);}printf("noriginaldata:n");for(i=0;fread(&emp[i],sizeof(structemploee),1,fp)!=0;i++)printf("n%8s%7d",emp[i].name,emp[i].salary);fclose(fp);n=i;printf("ninputnamedeleted:n");
scanf("%s",name);for(flag=1,i=0;flag&&iintmain(){inti,flag;charstr[80],c;FILE*fp;fp=fopen("text","w");flag=1;while(flag==1){printf("inputstring:n");gets(str);fprintf(fp,"%s",str);printf("continue?");
c=getchar();if((c=="N")||(c=="n"))flag=0;getchar();}fclose(fp);fp=fopen("text","r");while(fscanf(fp,"%s",str)!=EOF){for(i=0;str[i]!=" ";i++)if((str[i]>="a")&&(str[i]<="z"))str[i]-=32;printf("%sn",str);}fclose(fp);return0;}第11章常见错误分析374附录390附录A在VisualC++6.0环境下运行C程序的方法390附录CC语言中的关键字398附录D运算符和结合性398附录EC语言常用语法提要400附录FC库函数40411-1#include#defineswap(a,b)t=b;b=a;a=tintmain(){inta,b,t;printf("inputtwointegera,b:");scanf("%d,%d",&a,&b);swap(a,b);printf("Now,a=%d,b=%dn",a,b);return0;}11-2#include#defineSURPLUS(a,b)((a)%(b))intmain(){inta,b;
printf("inputtwointegera,b:");scanf("%d,%d",&a,&b);printf("remainderis%dn",SURPLUS(a,b));return0;}11-4#include#defineLEAP_YEAR(y)((y%4==0)&&(y%100!=0)||(y%400==0))intmain(){intyear;printf("ninputyear:");scanf("%d",&year);if(LEAP_YEAR(year))printf("%disaleapyear.n",year);elseprintf("%disnotaleapyear.n",year);return0;}11-5#include#defineNLputchar("n")#definePR(format,value)printf("value=%formatt",(value))#definePRINT1(f,x1)PR(f,x1);NL#definePRINT2(f,x1,x2)PR(f,x1);PRINT1(f,x2)intmain(){floatx=5.0,x1=3.0,x2=8.0;chard="f";PR(d,x);PRINT1(d,x);PRINT2(d,x1,x2);return0;}11-6#include#definePRprintf#defineNL"n"
#defineFs"%f"#defineF"%6.2f"#defineF1FNL#defineF2F"t"FNL#defineF3F"t"F"t"FNLintmain(){floata,b,c;PR("inputthreefloatingnumbera,b,c:n");scanf(Fs,&a);scanf(Fs,&b);scanf(Fs,&c);PR(NL);PR("outputonefloatingnumbereachline:n");PR(F1,a);PR(F1,b);PR(F1,c);PR(NL);PR("outputtwofloatingnumber:n");PR(F2,a,b);PR(F1,c);PR(NL);PR("outputthreefloatingnumber:n");PR(F3,a,b,c);return0;}11-7#include#include"format.h"intmain(){intd,num;floatf;chars[80];printf("choicedataformat:1-integer,2-float,3-string:");scanf("%d",&num);switch(num){case1:printf("inputinteger:");scanf("%d",&d);INTEGER(d);break;case2:printf("inputfloat:");scanf("%f",&f);
FLOAT(f);break;case3:printf("inputstring:");scanf("%s",&s);STRING(s);break;default:printf("inputerror!n");}return0;}11-8-1#includeintmain(){intmax(intx,inty,intz);inta,b,c;printf("inputthreeinteger:");scanf("%d,%d,%d",&a,&b,&c);printf("max=%dn",max(a,b,c));return0;}11-8-2#include#defineMAX(a,b)((a)>(b)?(a):(b))intmain(){inta,b,c;printf("inputthreeinteger:");scanf("%d,%d,%d",&a,&b,&c);printf("max=%dn",MAX(MAX(a,b),c));return0;}11-10#include#defineMAX80#defineCHANGE1intmain(){charstr[MAX];inti;printf("inputtext:n");gets(str);
#if(CHANGE){for(i=0;i="a"&&str[i]<"z"||str[i]>="A"&&str[i]<="Z")str[i]+=1;elseif(str[i]=="z"||str[i]=="Z")str[i]-=25;}}#endifprintf("output:n%sn",str);return0;}12-1#includeintmain(){unsigneda,b,c,d;printf("pleaseentera:");scanf("%o",&a);b=a>>4;c=~(~0<<4);d=b&c;printf("%o,%dn%o,%dn",a,a,d,d);return0;}12-2#includeintmain(){unsignedshorta,b,c;intn;printf("pleaseentera&n:n");scanf("a=%o,n=%d",&a,&n);b=a<<(16-n);c=a>>n;c=c|b;printf("a:%onc:%on",a,c);return0;}'
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