新标准大学英语综合教程2课后参考答案.docx 64页

'新标准大学英语综合教程2课后参考答案Unit1ActingReading(1)3        1.     issue2.     opportunity3.     establishment4.     campus5.     protest6.     launch7.     prospects8.     employment41.     issue2.     campus3.     protests4.     establishment5.     prospects6.     employment7.     launch8.     opportunity 51.     clashes2.     Thetwopartiesformedanalliancetorespondtotheproblem.3.     I’vealwaysconsideredmyselfasaliberal.4.     governor5.     economy6.     The1960swerecharacterizedbyanewtypeofpopularmusic.7.     droppedout8.     Formanypeople,listeningtotheirmusicwasaliberatingexperience.9.     passion6b,a,b,b,b,a,a,b7d,b ActingReading(2)31.     rebel2.     era3.     destruction4.     gender 5.     assert6.     philosophy7.     industrial41.     rebel2.     assert3.     era4.     Industrial5.     philosophy6.     gender7.     destruction5a,a,a,a,b,a,b,b61.     critical2.     critical3.     critical4.     approvingorcritical5.     criticalorapproving6.     approving7b,b Languageinuse 11.       govern2.       Postmodernism3.       development4.       individualism5.       agreement6.       investment7.       Sexism8.       romanticism21.       Theworldhaschangedalotsincethe1960s,andsohaveuniversities.2.       Ireallyenjoyedmyyearsatuniversity,andsodidJackie.3.       Choosingtherightcourseisalwaysamajorproblemfornewstudents,andsoisorganizingone’stimeoncampus.4.       I’mthinkingofgoingtothelectureonpost-colonialliterature,andsoisLiMing.5.       Ithinkthefacilitiesinourcollegehaveimprovedoverthelastfewyears,andsohastheteaching. 6.       WecanaccesstheInternetinourstudenthostel,andsocaneveryoneelseoncampus.7.       I’mnotveryinterestedinpolitics,noraremyfriends.8.       Iwon’tbedoingmuchtonight,norwillmyroommate.31.       Startingoutatcollegemeansmeetinglotsofinterestingpeople.2.       Goingtobedtoolatemeansnotbeingabletoconcentratethenextday.3.       DoingacourseinLitTheorymeansspendingalotoftimeondifficultsubjects.4.       Beinginterestedinliteraturemeanshavinganopenmindaboutotherwaysoflife.5.       ProtestingagainsttheVietnamWarinthe1960smeantgoingoutontothestreets.6.       Goingtocollegetodaymeansspendingalotoftimethinkingaboutwhatyouwilldoafterwards.41.       在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。 2.       现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。3.       我从没指望通过上文学理论课来了解我这一代人的特征，或了解美国大学在如何变化。这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的——带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿，穿着一件T恤衫，上面印着“去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件T恤衫”，或诸如此类带有揶揄意味的俏皮话。4.       我们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪（1914－1989），生于其后期。这个世纪充满了战争和革命，它改变了人类文明，推翻了强权政府，给我们留下了非同寻常的机会和特权。我们所得到的机会与特权比从前任何一代人都要多。51.       Insteadofresolvingcontradictions,theseriesofmeasurestakenbythegovernmentgaverisetomoreviolentclashes.TheOppositionformedanalliancewiththetradeunionsandlaunchedageneralstrike,whichultimatelybroughtaboutthedownfallofthegovernment.2.       Nowadays,thegapbetweentheuniversityandtherealworldisshrinkingandstudentsarebecomingmoreand morepractical.Gonearethedayswhentheuniversitywasanivorytowerinwhichscholarspursuedknowledgeasanendratherthanameanstoanend.3.       Ineverhopedtolearnthesubjectwellbyattendingthoselectures.ButIdidgotolectures,foritwastheplacewhereIcouldgettheimportantpointsofthecourseandlearnhowtoorganizematerialsandhowtoreason.4.       AlthoughIhavebeentryingeverymeanstosolvetheproblem,Icannotworkoutasatisfactorysolution.ButwhenIwenttothekitchentogetadrink,somethingclickedandmademerealizethatthesolutionmightbequitesimple. Readingacrosscultures11.       BolognaUniversityisabout900yearsold.2.       Studentspaidthelecturersfortheirwork.3.       Fivestudentsweretheminimumnumberneededtoattendalecture.4.       Thelecturerwasdeclaredabsentandgivenafixedfine. 5.       Therewereanumberofotherreasonsforalecturertobepunished.Theseincluded:iflecturersfailedtomeetthestandardssetoutintheuniversitystatutes;iftheystartedlecturesaminutelateoriftheywentonbeyondtheapprovedtime;iftheyfailedtocoverthesyllabusaccordingtoanagreedtimetable;andiftheypassedoveradifficultsubjectorfailedtoemphasizeeachpartofadifficultsyllabus.6.       Fourstudentswereelectedasspies.7.       Theywereobligedtoreportirregularitiessuchasbadlecturingtechnique,failuretocoverthesyllabus,orabsencewithoutleave.8.       Studentslosttheirpoweroverlecturersby1350becausethepaymentsystemwaschanged.Lecturerswereappointedandpaidbythelocaltowncouncil.Unit2ActingReading(1)49.     stroke10. crawl11. imitate12. pat (a)   patted(b)  imitating(c)   crawl(d)  stroking510. distinct11. Infants12. sympathetic13. stemfrom14. trace;discipline15. Alotofmychildhoodmemorieshavefadednow,butIhaveanoverallimpressionthatIoftenfeltavaguesenseofdistress.6a,a,a,a,b,b,a,a,b ActingReading(2)48.     honorable9.     drama10. beam11. catalog12. volume 13. knot14. couch15. clip16. mostly51.     honorable2.     beam3.     mostly4.     catalog5.     clip6.     knot7.     couch8.     volume9.     drama6b,a,a,a,b,a,a,b,b Languageinuse19.       immigrants10.   contestants11.   vacancies12.   consultancy 13.   defendant14.   hesitancy15.   attendant16.   pregnancy17.   assistant29.       Youmisunderstandit.10.   Youhavemisplacedit.11.   Itismisfortune.12.   Youhavemadeamisjudgment.13.   Youhavebeenmisinformedaboutit.37.       BythetimeIarrivedattheparty,almosteveryonehadalreadyleft.8.       Bythetimechildrenaretwo,theyhaveknownabout100words.9.       Bythetimeherealizedwhatwashappening,ithadbeentoolatetoaskforhelp.10.   BythetimeIfinallygotmydegree,mostofmyfriendsalreadyhadjobs.11.   Bythetimetheyleaveprimaryschool,childrenhavelearntalotofusefulskills. 12.   BythetimeCourtneyfinishedwritingtheessay,thedeadlinehadalreadypassed.45.       Theoldmanshoutedatme,asif/asthoughitweremewhohadmadethemistake.6.       Thegirlstartedcrying,asif/asthoughitwereshewhohadfallenover.7.       Lucystoodatthedoorwelcomingeveryone,asif/asthoughitwereherparty.8.       SylviaclosedthedoorofDavid’sroom,asif/asthoughitwerehimthatwasmakingthenoise.51.       这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始技术含义，而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。铁钦纳的理论是：同感发自对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿，这种模仿继而在自身引起同样的心理感受。2.       他当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词；同情是针对他人的一般困境而发的，无须分担他人的任何感受。小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为，那时他们会意识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同，会更有能力安慰别人。 3.       我也喜欢生人脸上那瞬间的震惊表情、匆忙的微笑和他们竭力装出的“正常脸色”。如果他们这套仪式做得够好，我就会微微转过头，把头发掖到离他们较近的那只耳朵后面。4.       我告诉他说：“我基本上只读唇语，因为这比用手语更容易，但这不是我一直盯着你的嘴唇的唯一原因。”他大笑起来。我们又说了一会儿话。后来，主人放大音乐的音量，调暗“舞池”的灯光；我不得不凑近他，近得多得多，以便能在昏暗中接着读他的唇语。我的确读到了他的唇语。61.       ThemomentIsawthoseoldphotosinthedrawer,tearswelledupinmyeyes,formymemorywentbacktothedayswhenIlivedhappilywithmygrandparents,myparentsandmybrothersandsisters.2.       Whenastudentslippedonapoolofwaterandfellover,people’sreactiondivergedfromoneanother.Someapproachedcaringlytoseeifhewashurtandiftheycouldhelp;somejuststoodthereconfusingoverwhattodoaboutit;whileothersjusttunedout.3.       LastSaturdaymorning,Ididtheusualandwentshoppinginthesupermarket.WhenIwasabouttoopenthedoorofmycar,IfoundthatIdidnothavemywallet onme.Icoulddonothingbutgobackhomeinsearchofit,butIfailedtofinditanywhere.4.       WhenIwasasecondgrader,oneofmyclassmatesgotaredradio-controlledtoycarasabirthdaygift.Therestofuscouldonlyadmire,butcouldnotimitate,becausethecarwasexpensiveandwasboughtinHongKong,aplacewhichseemedtousasfarawayasNewYorkatthattime. Unit3ActingReading(1)41.     fraud2.     precaution3.     deception4.     trash5.     household6.     overnight516. obviously17. online18. logoff19. commonplace 20. forge6b,b,a,a,a,a,b,b,a ActingReading(2)417. instance18. widely19. commerce20. offensive21. weapon22. current23. extract 5a,b,b,a,a,a,a,a Languageinuse1b2b,a,b,b,b,a31.     Imakealotofmistakes2.     Iwastealotoftimechattingtopeopleaboutnothing3.     Ialwaysstartittoolate 4.     Ispendtoomuchtimeonthephoneinsteadoftalkingtothem5.     Iamuselessinclassthenextday6.     Ispendfartoomuchmoney4b,b,a,b,a,b,b,a,b,b51.     这是2002年的电影《有种来抓我》的剧情简介。影片讲述了小弗兰克·阿巴格纳尔（莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥饰演）的故事。影片主人公是一位聪明绝顶的年轻骗术大师，曾在不同时间扮演医生、律师和飞行员的角色，在26个国家伪造了价值600万美元以上的支票。他成了联邦调查局有史以来伪造罪头号通缉令名单上最年轻的通缉犯。2.     2003年以来，身份盗窃案变得越来越常见。很少有人会想象到，为了预防这种改变人生的犯罪，采取一些预防措施有多么重要，比如把邮件拿到邮局去寄而不是丢在信箱里等人来取、把文件切碎而不是直接把它们连同垃圾一道扔出去，甚至使用几美元一支的（特效）笔等等。3.     假如说我们从恐怖分子那里——更不用说从动作电影那里——学到了一招，那就是，工具也是武器。全球通用的信用卡和支持它们的数据库是去除商业摩擦的工具。换句话说，它们是以让各方最省事的方式从人们那里取钱的工具。 4.     无论通用身份的前景如何，我们尚不知道该如何应付这样一个世界：无论我身在何处，一切都可能与我有关联。一方面，这个世界给我们提供了无可置疑的种种方便；另一方面，我们又面对着所有这些强化组合的信息（如果是合理的强化组合该多好啊）所带来的种种危险。这种危险虽然模糊，但显然离我们很近。我们尚不知如何在两者之间保持平衡。65.       Theseareimportantdocuments,thecontentofwhichshouldbekeptstrictlyconfidential.Ifyouneedtodisposeofthem,youmustshredthemortearthemupinsteadofthrowingthemoutwiththetrash.6.       Nowadays,white-collarcrimessuchasforgingchecks,IDcardsandcreditcardshavebecomeverycommon.Thoughwehavelearntmuchabouthowtopreventourselvesfrombeingcheated,itseemsthatwecouldbeitsvictimsatanytime.7.       Ithasbeenseveralmonthssincetheearthquake.Lifehasreturnedtonormal,andpeoplearebusygoingabouttheirbusiness.Butthereisnoescapingthefactthatthementaltraumatheearthquakebroughttopeoplewillneverbewipedout. 8.       Whydoesitmatterthatalibraryhasmanynewbooksandelectronicresourcesreadilyavailabletothereaders?Thisisbecauseifso,thescholarsknowthelatestdevelopmentintheirownfieldsandknowwhethertheirresearchisvaluable. Unit4ActingReading(1)41.       No,itismademoreexcitinginsomeway.2.       Averylongtime,centuries.3.       Theyshouldfollowtheguidelines.4.       Theyshouldcheckthesource.5.       Theyliveinpoverty.6.       Itisimage.7.       Itiselement.51.       Chase2.       Trainee3.       Erode4.       Odd5.       Horror 6.       Startle7.       Echo8.       Reaction9.       Frame61.       reactions;horror2.       chase3.       echoes4.       startled5.       trainees6.       eroded7.       oddest8.       frame7a,b,a,b,b,aActingReading(2)21.       MoreandmorereadersareturningtotheInternetfornews.2.       20ormoreyearsago.3.       19percent.4.       700.5.       Byclosingdownitsforeignnewsbureaux. 6.       Thepageshavebecomesmaller.7.       Fourbillion.8.       Sunday.9.       Lifestylejournalism.31.       assignment2.       editorial3.       revenue4.       closedown5.       survey6.       relyon7.       feedback8.       bureau4assignment;bureau;relyon;feedback;surveys;editorial;revenue51.       capture2.       established;Nevertheless3.       estates4.       integrity5.       compact;Moreover6.       journalism 6b;a;a;b;b;a;a;a;b7a;a;b;b;a;bLanguageinuse11.       downtown2.       download3.       downgrade4.       downstairs5.       downmarket6.       downturn21.       godown2.       turnedmedown3.       rundown4.       standdown5.       godown6.       handeddown7.       broughtdown8.       brokedown31.       Thelate-nighteditionofthepaperwasboughtbyalotofpeopleinterestedintheresultofthematch. 2.       Theprincesswasfollowedacrossthetownbyphotographersdeterminedtogetaphotoofher.3.       Theprogrammewaswatchedbymillionsofpeoplehopingtowinthestarprize.4.       Thealarmwassetoffbytwochildrenstartledtohearanoiseinthebackroom.5.       Thepolicewerecontactedbyoneoftheboys’mothersworriedthathemighthavegotlost.6.       Thefront-pageheadlineswerechangedbytheeditorhopingtobethefirsttobreakthenews.7.       Onlineeditionsofthenewspapersarebeingreadbymoreandmorepeoplenotwantingtobuythetraditionaledition.41.       Sooddwasthenewsreader’saccentthatIcouldn’tunderstandwhatshewassaying.2.       SoincrediblybadwasthelanguageonthatprogrammethatIswitchedofftheTV.3.       Soexaggeratedwasthestorythatithadtobecompletelyrewritten.4.       Socarelesswasoneofthetraineesthathelefthisnotebookatthesceneofthecrime 5.       Sogreatwasthedistancefromoneregiontothenextthatwehadtoravelbyplane.6.       SoslowwereFrank’sreactionsthathewasn’tabletoavoidhittingthecarinfront.51.       一个事件光有客观重要性显然还不够——世界上有大量全球性的大问题，都会造成戏剧性的后果，从贫穷问题到全球变暖问题——但由于它们都是进行中的，并不都会在同一天成为头条。对比之下，9/11不仅具有国际性，而且奇特怪异、出人意料，还（可能使读者对身陷那场悲剧中的人们的痛苦感同身受，从这个意义上讲）极具人性。2.       但是，电视新闻未必比报纸报道更客观或更可靠，因为你在屏幕上看到的图像是经过记者或编辑根据特殊的目的，或至少是按照指示筛选过的；它们是从一个独特的视点展现给观众的。如果把摄像机移到别的地方，你就会看到另一番景象。3.       互联网为任何有意见的人提供了一个便利的窗口；报纸编辑最喜欢的莫过于给它们提供各种不同的反馈和意见，他们能从中得到安慰。如今十几岁的少年已不记得曾经没有互联网的日子了；只有在写关于印刷新闻这一特定媒体的作业时他们才去读报。4.       如此看来，报纸是不会轻易消失的。未来报纸发展的趋势包括对本地新闻需求的日益增长，而始于20世纪80年代后 期的对生活方式新闻的持续开发利用——尤其在个人理财和旅游方面——将会创造新的收入来源。61.       Sosudden,sostrikingwasthenewsthatIsatmotionlessonsofaforafewminutes.Myfirstinstinctwastocallourleaderstotellthemwhathadhappenedandseewhatwecoulddoforthosecolleagueswhodiedorgotinjuredinthistrafficaccident.2.       Paperbooksforchildrenhaveanenormousadvantageovere-books.Forchildren,abeautifullyprintedpaperbookisnotonlyabookbutalsoatoytheycanplaywith.Readingapaperbookisratherdifferentfromreadingabookonthescreen.3.       Inrecentyears,traditionalmediaareinthetendencyofdeclineandnewmediaaredevelopingrapidly.However,thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthattraditionalmediahavelostthemarket.Whenitcomestoreadingthingslikenews,peoplearestillusedtosuchtraditionalmediaasnewspaper.4.       Withtheexplosionofthefinancialcrisis,manyenterprisesfindthemselvesindifficulties.Forthosewhohavenocirculatingfundtoinvestinnew productionandwouldnotlettheviciouscirclecontinue,theonlythingtheycandoisturntogovernmentforhelp.Readingacrosscultures11.       Thetotalnumberofcopieshascontinuedtorisebyaboutonepercentperyear.2.       440millionin2006.3.       70percent.4.       Onlinearticles.5.       Size. Unit5ActingReading(1)48.       military9.       bloodshed10.   combat11.   mission12.   heroic13.   commander5 10.   commander11.   combat12.   mission13.   heroic14.   military15.   bloodshed69.       primarily10.   reveal11.   insane12.   specifies13.   immediate14.   comic7a,a,b,b,b,bActingReading(2)2b,c,d,d,a,d39.       fate10.   confine11.   cruelty12.   survivor 13.   emigrate14.   evil15.   badge16.   invade17.   refugee424. evils25. cruelty26. emigrate27. refugees28. invaded29. badges30. confined31. fate32. survivors57.       moody8.       considerable9.       concealed10.   publication11.   recognition12.   childish 13.   displayed14.   ideals15.   humanity6b;b;a;b;aLanguageinuse17.       underwater8.       update9.       underestimate10.   uphill11.   underpants12.   upgrade13.   upright14.   Underground29.       Canyoutextmewhenyouarrive?10.   Iwouldliketovideothisscene.11.   Samanthaisbussedtoschooleverymorning.12.   HowcanIaccessyouraccountwithoutthepassword?13.   About100peoplemovedcrowdedintothewaitingroom.14.   I’vealreadymailedyoumyreply. 15.   That’salotofmoneyyou’vegotthere.Ithinkyoushouldbankit.16.   Scientistshavesucceededinmappingthehumangenome.38.       ThedaywillcomewhenhewillbeabletospeakfluentEnglish.9.       Thetimewillcomewhenyou’llbothhavetogetajob.10.   Therewillcomeadaywhenyouwillhaveachancetowriteabouttheexperience.11.   PerhapsthedaywillcomewhenIwillunderstand.47.       Ifit’sverycoldhere,whatmustitbelikeinScotland?8.       Ifhousesareexpensiveinthispartofcountry,whatmusttheybelikeinParis?9.       Ifthereadinglistisratherlonginthefirstyear,whatmustitbelikeinthesecondyear?10.   Ifincomesareverylowhere,whatmusttheyhavebeenlikeahundredyearsago? 11.   Iftherulesarecompletelycrazyinpeacetime,whatmusttheyhavebeenlikeduringwartime?12.   Iflifeishardnow,whatmustithavebeenlikeduringtheMiddleAges?55.     那是个粗鲁的玩笑，可是达尼卡大夫并没有笑，直到约萨里安又执行了一次任务之后，再次来求他要求停飞——尽管这没有任何指望。达尼卡大夫窃笑了一下，很快又沉浸到他自己的麻烦中去了，这包括怀特·哈夫特指挥官那天早上一直在向他挑战，要和他比印度式摔跤，而约萨里安则恰恰在彼时彼地决定要发疯。6.     只有一个诡局，那就是第二十二条军规，它规定：在面对真正的、紧迫的危险时考虑到自身安全是理智的思维过程。奥尔疯了，因此可以停飞。他只须提出请求；而一旦他提出请求，他就不再是疯子，就得去执行更多的飞行任务。7.     我们的许多犹太朋友和熟人都被成群地带走了。盖世太保对他们非常粗暴，用运牲口的拖车把他们运送到德伦特最大的集中营威斯特伯克，他么把所有犹太人都遣送到那里。…如果在荷兰都这么糟，那么在德国人送他们去的那些遥远的蛮荒之地又会是什么样呢？8.      它传来的是一个孤独少女的声音，她为自己写作，但同时也是所有无辜受邪恶迫害者的呐喊，他们的命运就是在第二次世界大战期间受难。这就是安妮·弗兰克的日记被誉为犹太人大屠杀（其间有六百万犹太人被杀害）之声的原因：她的话代表了全人类的心声。65.       Thoughtheycameacrossmanydifficulties,underhisleadershiptheysuccessfullyfoundamarketfortheirproducts,andtheoverallsituationwaschangingforthebetter.Inrecognitionofhisoutstandingcontributions,thecompanydecidedtogivehimaflatasanaward.6.       WhenJohnchallengedhimtofencing,hewasveryembarrassedbecauseheknewthathewasnomatchforJohnatit.Ifhetookthechallenge,hewouldsurelylose;butifhedidn’t,hewouldbeacoward.7.       Hecaughtacoldyesterday.Assumingthathewouldgetbetterafteragoodnight’ssleep,wesenthimtoschoolthismorning.Butlaterintheafternoon,hegotbackhomewithafeverandwasconfinedtobed.8.       Inthepastfewyears,Ihavehadseveralsevereillnessesandlivedinastateofpoverty,butIhaveneverabandonedmydreams.InspiteofeverythingI clungtomydreams,whichhaveturnedouttobeagreatsupportandcomforttome.Readingacrosscultures16.       It’sonNovember11th.7.       ItiscalledVeteransDayintheUnitedStatesandArmisticeDayinFrance.8.       Itbeginsat11o’clock.9.       Thewardead;thosewhohavefalleninrecentwarsarealsorememberedontheday.10.   TheGreatWarissometimesused.11.   MorethanhalfamillionofCanadiansfoughtinEuropeduringthewar.12.   65,000ofthemlosttheirlives.13.   ItisasymboloftheGreatWar. Unit6ActingReading(1)414.   exhausted15.   roar16.   stretch 17.   boost18.   strain19.   innerself20.   composed516.   setoff17.   leadupto18.   missout19.   pullaway20.   keepupwith21.   fightback22.   shutout23.   countdown6a,a,b,b,b,a,a,a,b71.l       Thewritercreatesanatmospheretoshowthatshewasverytenseandnervous(drymouth,heatbeating),butatthesametimeshewasexcitedandenergetic(heartbeating,adrenalinepumping)beforeherrace. l       “Burninglegs”givereadersafeelingofpain,struggling,exhaustionandpossiblyafearoflosingtherace(becauseoftheopeninggap).l       Theword“tingle”spreadstheeffecttoreadersthattheycouldfeelherfeelingofexcitement,achievementandvictorythroughafeelofpainalloverherbody.l       Thethreequotesalsoshowthewriters’feelingsduringthreestagesoftherace:tenseandexcited(beforetherace);strugglingandfearful(duringtherace)andvictorious(intheend).2.Theyhighlightthekeymessageswhichshekepttellingherself,themessageswhichhelpedherwin.Sheinvitesreaderstoseeherinnerthoughtswiththissimpleandfactualinformation:twominutes,onemorelaptowardsbeingtheOlympicchampion.3.Thisshowsthatshecouldnotbelievethatshehadactuallyrealizedherchildhooddream.Shewasinamomentarystateofdoubt,doubtingherself,whichisnaturalwhensomethingreallyimportantandsignificanthappenstoyou.8 1.     Yes,particularlysheisgoodatdescribingherfeelingsthroughusinghowdifferentbodypartsreactandsensetheemotions:•deafeningnoises,heartbeatingloudly,shoutsofencouragement,criesofhope,roarofthecrowd,clappingandshoutingwithdelight(sounds);•pumpingadrenaline,atinglethroughthewholeofmybody,bandagedankle,burninglegs,thoughtsofpain(feelingsinthebody);•liftedspirits,mentalstamina,innerself,IthoughtIhad,keepnegativethoughtsfrommymind,smiled,stillnotsure(internalthoughtsandreactions);•theseaoffaces,armsaloft,fistsclenched(bodyactions).Sheisalsosuccessfulinusingastringofemotionaladjectivesandadverbstodescribeherfeelingsandsurroundingswhichstimulatedherfeelings:•illuminated,deafening,tantalisingly,loudly,fantastic,completelyexhilarating,terrifying,composed,unified,vocal,emotionalandphysical,gruelling,exhausted,notsure,relief,calm. 2.     Theymusthavebeenextremelyexcitedandproudthatshehadwon.Thisisreflectedthroughtheirshouting,loudcheering,andwavingflagstosupporther. Talkingpoint1.c;2.a,c;3.a;4.b;5.c;6.a;7.b ActingReading(2)34,5,6,7,9433. illustration34. precision35. strategy36. interpretation37. soar38. moan39. flock40. punch41. priority5a,b,b,b,b,a,a,a,b6strikershooter chorusreferee71theoutsider’sviewThewritertalksaboutthe“mystery”ofinjurytimeand“somethingcalled”theoffsiderule;aninsider,orevensomeonewhojustwatchesfootballgamesoccasionallyonTV,wouldknowverywellwhattheseare.Ashesays,he“hasnocluewhat’sgoingon”.2wordsrelatedtochance,accidentandconfusion•Wordsrelatedtochance:agameofchance,it’samatterofluck,thechancenatureofthisgame,theballhappenstobeaimedaboutright,it’ssheerluck•Wordsrelatedtoaccident:itlookslikeanaccident,accidentallybouncingoffrandomplayers,takesfullcreditforthisaccident,seemsooutofcontrol•Wordsrelatedtoconfusion:Iwillhavenocluewhat’sgoingon,asceneofsheerchaos,thechaosresumes,strategiesandregulationsaresoobscure,themysteryofinjurytime,thisleaveseveryoneperplexed,atalossforwords,Themysteryremains3choiceofwordsandphrasesforhumorouseffect meninshortsrunningaroundmadlytryingtokicktheballandtrippingovereachother,whichisnotthebestuseofthecranium,accidentallybouncingoffrandomplayers,slipsthroughtheforestofhairylegs,Godnevermeantformostofustocontrolaballwithourfeet…,hisphoney-baloneyinjury,keeping22hopped-upathletesinline81.     mainidea2.     mainidea3.     mainidea4.     example5.     example6.     mainidea7.     example8.     exampleLanguageinuse1b,b,a,d,a,d,a2a,c,b,e,d3a,a,b,b,b,a,a,a59.      当夜幕降临悉尼时，雨夜开始悄悄地从夜空飘落。几百盏灯把澳大利亚体育场照得灯火通明，场内的声音震耳欲聋。走向跑道时我看了一眼四周看台上无数的脸，但我的注意力还是很集中。再过几分钟奥运金牌的归属就要见分晓了，它悬挂在远处，很诱人。10. 我知道自己会全力以赴，拼尽全力跑完全程。我感觉自己已经进入最佳状态。我只要跑两圈就行了，就两圈。跑完这两圈，过去两天以及28年来所有情感和身体上的辛苦付出就将被胜利或者失败所淹没。这一跑真是生死攸关。11. 我知道，如果一个人不是从小就接触某项外来的运动，他就很难对它感兴趣。现在我正遭遇同样的文化壁垒。6月9号世界杯足球赛就要开始了，而我对球员在“球场”上干些什么却一无所知。看起来这是给这个所谓的精彩赛事揭短的一次大好机会。12. 时不时地会有球员脸上挨了一肘，躺在草地上痛苦地翻腾。这时会暂停计时，几个提着黑包的小个子男人会跑过来按摩他那假装、胡说的受伤部位，然后他又活蹦乱跳地站起来。那位肘击他的球员会得到一张叫“黄牌”的东西：一种温和的惩戒。69.       Hecriedhisheartoutwhenheheardthathewasnotinthelistoftheschoolteam.Afterall,hehadgonethroughmonthsofhardtrainingandgruelingcompetition,andhadlearnedhowtoshootwithgreatskillandaccuracy. 10.   Thecoach,whowasknownforhisstrictness,hadmeantfromtheverystartforalltheplayerstoshutoutallthedistractingthoughtsandpushthemselvesbeyondtheirlimitstoensurethattheywinamedalatthe29thOlympicGamesheldinBeijing.11.   Sinceafterhetookovertheteam,thenewcoachhasalwaysborneinmindhismissionandfinallymadeittothechampionshipoftheleaguematches.Wheninterviewed,thecoachwasatalossforwordsbecauseofexcitement.12.   Footballisanamazingsport.Despitethefactthatmostfinalsare0-0,1-0or2-1,peoplekeepflockingtoseefootballfames.Forme,itremainsamysterywhatissoattractingaboutfootball.Readingacrosscultures114.   Therearethree:baseball,(American)footballandbasketball15.   Baseballisarelaxed,leisurelyspectatorsport;footballismoreviolent,withacontemporaryappeal;basketball-inthecities-isawayoflife. 16.   Itinvolvesstrategiesandthefansbecomegeneralsplanningtroopmovement(becausethereisalargenumberof“set-piece”strategieswithplayersallfollowingpracticedmovesaccordingtoinstructions,sofansknowingsomeofthesecanpretendtheyaregeneral,liketheteamcoach.17.   Itgivestheimpressionofbeingbusyandactive,butyoucanbelazyandwatchit.18.   Theyarecountryclubsports:Youhavetopaymembershipfeestojoingolfandtennisclubs.19.   MiddleAmericans(thosewholiveinthecentralStates)lovethenoise,theviolenceandthedangerofthecars.20.   Thesmalltownkidslearntoshootwithgreatskillandaccuracy;citykidsdevelop“themoves”(theylearnmoreintricateaspectsbecausetheylivethegame).21.   Becauseinagangthekidsconformtoideasaboutmanhoodandidentity,andtheyalsodothiswithbasketball. Unit7 ActingReading(1)421.   magnificent22.   leap23.   penetrate24.   approximate25.   motion26.   lick27.   giant28.   paw29.   layer524.   (b)25.   (a)26.   (a)27.   (a)28.   (b)29.   (b)30.   (b)31.   (b)32.   (a)6d,b,a,d,c 71.     Thedogwasgentleandnotaggressive.2.     Thewriterwasvulnerabletointrudersorattackers.3.     Hogahnwasplayingwithabranchandhavingfun.4.     WecanassumethatSorenishersonwhodoesn’tyethaveanychildren.5.     Becauseitshowedtheyhadsharedadramatic/importantexperienceetogether.Talkingpoint1.     c;2.b;3.a;4.c;5.a;6.b;7.b;8.b  ActingReading(2)2d,a,b,c,d,a,c,d32442. evolve43. tunnel44. repeatedly45. filter46. capable47. pendulum48. uncover 49. attribute 51.     indications2.     investigate3.     hint4.     reproduce5.     compelling6a,a,a,b,a,b,b,a,a7a,b,b,a,b,a,a,a,b Languageinuse1a21.     Scientistsusedtobelievethatanimalswerelikemachinesprogrammedtoreacttostimuli,inotherwords,theywerenotconsideredcapableoffeelingorthinking,andcertainlynotofunderstandingabstractconcepts.2.     Ourperceptionsofanimalsarefilteredthroughourownhumanunderstandingoftheworld,inotherwords,weoftenprojecthumanfeelingsandthoughtsontoothercreatures. 3.     InhisbookTheDescentofMan,publishedin1871,hequestionedwhetherhighermentalabilitiessuchasself-consciousnessandmemorywerelimitedtohumanbeings,inotherwords,Darwinspeculatedthathumanandnon-humanmindsaren’tallthatdifferent.31.      Sorensaidifaburglarcame,Hogahnwouldgosofarastolickhim.2.      Hogahnwassoprotectivethathewentsofarastobarkatanyonewhocamenearthehouse.3.      IwentsofarastothinkofHogahnasmyfirstgrandchild.4.      Inthepastscientistswentsofarastobelievethatanimalswerenotcapableoffeelingorthinking.5.      Darwinwentsofarastoarguethatanimalsfacethesamechallengesandhavethesamebasicneedsashumans.6.      Scientistsnowgosofarastoaskifanimalshavefeelingsandintelligence,shoulditaffectthewaywetreatthem?41.     flock 2.     swarm3.     herd4.     herds5.     school6.     army7.     bunch513.   animallover14.   humanbody15.   abstractreasoning16.   animalinstinct17.   humannature18.   abstractconcepts61.       我以前也经常这样为他扔木头。根据木头的不同重量和我动作的大小，我知道它们大概能飞多远。但这块木头赶上了一阵疾风，朝着床单想去的方向飞过了院子，越过了围栏，最后以溜冰高手般的优美动作滑进湖水里。2.       接下来的一瞬间我已经站在水里，霍根用前爪破冰朝我游过来。一路上冰块的侵扰似乎让他受了些惊吓，但他绝对能控制得住自己。我尽量向前趟，直到我的双脚陷进湖底的烂泥，冰冷的湖水浸透了我的夹克。我站在那儿等着。 3.       它会认人、选择食物、识别道路。但这是否意味着它有思维能力呢？如果有的话，又如何证实呢？我们对动物的认知是经过过滤的，是建立在人类对世界的理解的基础上的，我们常常把人类的情感和思想投射到其他动物身上。4.       许多20世纪的科学家轻视这些发现，认为它们不可靠，这是受了拟人说的影响，即根据人的特征来判断动物。但是，现在舆论的天平已经不再向那些认为动物像机器一样没有智慧的观点倾斜了，而是向达尔文的观点倾斜。大范围的动物研究表明：智慧之根在动物界的分布既深又广，变化多端。71.       Theburglarswerethrowingthestolenitemstothepickupandwerejustabouttodriveawaywhentheguardswatchingoverthelivingquartersfoundthemandcalledthepolice.2.       Thethreesoldiershadwalkedwithdifficultythroughthewoodsforawholeday,tryingtonavigatetotheeastbankoftheriver,onlytofindthattheyhadbeencirclinginthewoodsandwerestilldozensofmilesshortoftheirdestination.3.       Itseemstomethatthescholarwhotalkedaboutanimalintelligencethismorninghasobviouslyoverestimatedtheanimalintelligence.Shewentsofaras tosuggestthatchimpanzeescancommunicatewithhumansthroughcomputers.4.       Asvolunteers,whatweneedtodoisnotjustlimitedtosmilingtothosewhocometousforinformationandhelp.Wemustalsolearnskillsforcross-culturalcommunication,withoutwhichourperformancecannotbesatisfactory. Readingacrosscultures122.   Adoginthemanger23.   Killingthegoosethatlaidthegoldenegg24.   Awolfinsheep’sclothing21.     Generallyheusedstoriesaboutanimalstomakeapointaboutpeople;eachstoryhasitsownparticularpoint.2.      Instoriesforchildren,becausetheyusuallyhaveaneducationalpoint.3.      Sothathecouldgetnearthesheepandcatchandeatthelambs.4.      Hemanagedtocatchandeatmanylambsbeforethefarmernoticed. 5.      Hefelttiredintheafternoon.6.      Theoxgaveupandwentawayhungry.7.      Hefoundaneggofpuregold.8.      Hethoughthecouldgetallofthegoldatonce. Unit8P102-1033.cadcdb5. enforced pastime additional outlook  aggravate  trifling compensation  manual  grip6. triedout  letitgo  todeath  athand  layourhandson  invain7.baaab  abbb8.baabab         P1041.     Leisuretime/ Humorous,informal /Amagazine2.     BP106-1073.     cadbc4.     fulfilled leisure inherent  interaction virtual  peculiar  insult5.     span sin chill excessive  extensive removal 6.     aaabP108-1091.1.     Themorehobbiesyouhave,thelesslikelyyouaretoworry.2.     Thelongeryouwork,themoreyouearn.3.     Themorepeoplework,thelessfreetimetheyhave.4.     Themoreleisureinactivitieshavedeveloped,thelessinteractiontheyhave.5.     Themoreyouchangethechannel,thelesschanceyouhaveofbecominginterested.6.     Themoretimeyouspendinfrontofacomputerscreen,thelessinterestyouhaveintheoutsideworld.7.     Thelesseffortyoumake,thebettercouchpotatoyouwillbe.2.1.WinstonChurchillwasaBritishPriministerandaNobelPrizewinner.Hehasmorefamousfortheformer.2.Therearepeoplewhokeepworkseparatefromtheirpleasure,andpeoplewhoseworkistheirpleasure.Thelatterismorecommon. 3.Cricketandfootballgiveyoutheimpressionofdoingsomethinguseful.Theformerismorepeculiarasasport.4.Youneedsomewherecomfortabletositandthechannelhopper.Thelatterismoreimportant.5.Thecouchpotatoandthemousepotatoenjoyleisureinactivity.Thelatterhaslessinterestintheoutsideworld.6.Mousepotatoestraveltheworldonlineorparticipateinchatroom.Theformerismoreadventurous.3.1.Ifyoufeeltiredeasily,itmaywellbethatyouneedtoconsultadoctor.2.Tobereallyhappy,itmaywellbethatyouneedahobby.3.Itmaywellbethatrational,industrioushumanbeingscanbedividedintotwoclasses.4.Itmaywellbethatthosepeoplewhoseworkistheirpleasurearehappierthanthosewhoseworkisseparatefromtheirpleasure.5.Itmaywellbethatpeoplewhowanttobecouchpotatoesarethosewhohaveadayoff.6.Itmaywellbethatfarmersthinktheexpressioncouchpotatoisdamagingtothevegetable’shealthyimage.4. 1.那些能够支配一切，能够肆意妄为，能够染指一切追求目标的人是“不幸的”。对他们而言，多一种新的乐趣，多一种新的刺激只是增加一分厌腻而已。他们到处狂奔乱跑，企图靠喧闹和骚动来摆脱无聊对他们的报复，但这么做是徒劳的。2.他们是能够得到补偿的。在办公室或工厂里长时间工作给他们带来了报酬，这不仅是谋生的手段，而使他们对寻找快乐充满了渴望，哪怕是最简单、最质朴的快乐。但是，幸运之神偏爱的是第二类人。他们的生活是一种自然的和谐。3.当然，对于真正的沙发土豆来说，固有的危险还是有的。也许最大的危险来自缺乏锻炼，其后果被专业沙发土豆称为电视肚。然而，有些人则视自己的电视肚为专注闲暇无为的标志，骄傲地把它系在裤腰之上。4.事实上，离开电脑不仅毫无意义，而且会使你受到世界上较亮时区的鼠标土豆对手的威胁。休息期间，他们通常广泛搜索互联网或加入在线聊天室，在虚拟世界到处留下缺乏见识和拼写拙劣的意见，一般来说是对人家智力的污辱。5.1.It’snouseburyingyourselvesinbooksallday.You’dbettertakeupsomehobbiesandtakepartinsportsorextracurricularactivitiesatintervals.Ahealthystudyhabitistokeepabalancebetweenworkandrest. 2.Ifyourjobisrightlychosen,itwillnotonlygiveyouameansofsustenance,butalsohelpyouescapefromtheboredomandbanishfromyourmindtheworryaboutleadingameaninglesslifeaftersomanyyearsofhighereducation.3.Whenhehadnothingtodoathand,heusedtovolunteertodosomethingforhiscommunity.Itmaywellbethatunderhisinfluencemoreandmorepeopleinthecommunityjoinedintobecomevolunteers.4.IusedtowatchTVserieslateintothenight,whichtookuptoomuchtimeandriskedmyhealthandshape.Toavoidtemptation,IremovedtheTVsetfrommyroomandtookupotherleisureactivitiessuchasreadingandplayingthepiano. Unit91.      havingfun2.      toomaygraduates3.      socialskills4.      harder5.      inuniversities6.      dopublicservice7.      intheoutsideworld8.      helpotherpeople. 9.      may4.matchthewords 1.numerous2.employer3.shortage4.entertain5.dread6.option7.personality8.cater5.1.numerous2.catering,option3.dreaded4.employers,theirpersonality5.shortage6.entertained6.1-5aabab    6-9abba7.1-7fgeacbd Activereading23.1-6cdbddc4.1.installation  2.cement  3.dedicate  4.location   5.flexibility  6.participant5.1.participant 2.dedicating 3.locations 4.installation 5.cement 6.flexibility6.1-5aaabaLanguageinuse1.1.      Idon’twanttospendalmyhard-earnedsalaryonashortholiday.2.      he’sgotalotofold-fashionedideasthataren’tgoingtohelpustomakeprogress.3.      thankyouforyourwell-timedcontributiontothediscussion.4.      thereisawidely-heldviewthatallstudentsshouldhaveexperienceasvolunteersbeforestartinguniversity. 5.      Ihavealotofopen-mindedfriendswhowouldn’tbesurprisedbywhatyousay.6.      it’sawell-knowntheorywhichwasfirstputforwardinthe1960s.7.      Marieusesaspecially-adaptedwheelchairwhichwillcarryalotofequipment.8.      Ilovethesmellofnewly-cutgrass!2.1,4,5,73.1.OnMondayIwenttoOxford,andonTuesdaytoMiltonKeynes.2.Someofthevolunteerswereinterestedinmedicine,othersinIT.3.Thefirstactivitydependedonphysicalstrength,thesecondonreason.4.Aftertheaccidenthewasexaminedbyadoctor,afewdayslaterbyapsychologist.5.Somepeoplewereadvisedtowearglasses,otherstousecontactlenses.6.Atthebeginningwewereworriedaboutmakingfriends,attheendaboutmakingendsmeet. 7.Myinitialchoiceofuniversitywasbasedontherangeofcoursesavailable,myfinaldecisionpurelyoncosts.4.Chosencareer          basicskills              heavydemandsLow-paidjobs          new-foundfriends        toughcompetition5.1.basicskills          2.chosencareer3.vlow-paidjobs       4.Toughcompetition5.heavydemands      6.toughcompetition6.1.毫无疑问，这种合作学习法能帮助许多学生培养有助于改善就业前景的个人技能。公司在面试应聘者时使用的最有名的人格测试之一是“迈尔斯-布里格斯性格分类法”（简称MBTI），这种分类法把外向/内向性格两分法置于它所分析的人格特征列表之首。2.对那些选择在这些方面施展才能的学生而言，还有个意外的收获：可以把他们获取的丰富经验写进个人履历里，而未来的雇主是不会不注意到这些经验的。不过提醒一句：你应该记住自己的首要目的是什么。3. 我们帮他们搭建每年一度的白内障治疗营地，为当地老年白内障患者免费做手术，或为有需求的人检查眼疾。我们帮他们在学校里安装设备，打扫环境，将教室变成外科手术室，称为“手术教室”。头两天帮忙做眼科手术，后五天在白内障营地帮忙。4.他们做事不太有条理，如果地方机构与和平志愿者组织之间能够更好地相互沟通的话，事情就会顺利一些。最好的经历是与其他志愿者建立友情，地方机构尽量给我们分配不同工种的活。我们玩得痛快，干得卖力。我们走访了许多民居、家庭和学校，并结识了很多当地人。每当想起骑车穿过稻田应邀去当地人家喝茶时的情景，我就会发自内心地微笑。7.1.NowadaysinChina,it’snolongersohardforhighschoolgraduatestogotouniversity,becausetherearethreetimesasmanyuniversitiesastherewere20yearsago.Buttobeadmittedbyafirst-classuniversity,youstillneedtobemorecompetitivethanyourpeers.2.Itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonthisproject,forthecareerskillsyouacquireintheprocessareboundtohelpimproveyourprospectsinyoursearchforajobandallyoureffortswilleventuallypayoff.3.ThoughIcanlearnteamworkbyworkingsidebysidewithothervolunteers,Ineedtopayfortheparticipation.IhavetoacknowledgethatIamnowspendingmoretimedoing part-timejobstosaveupfortheproject,whichmakesmefeelashortageoftime.4.Differentsportshavedifferentrequirementsintermsofheight,age,strengthandstamina.Therefore,thereareasmanytypesofathletesastherearesports.Therecanbenodoubtthatanyonewhowantstogetsomeexercisecanfindtherightsport. Unit10Activereading14Choosethebestwaytocompletethesentences.1-5abbac5Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdeinitions.1-6(hence)(interference)(amazingly)(exert)(resolution)(relativity)6CompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity5.1-6(relativity))(amazingly)(exerted)(interference)(resolution)(hence)7Answerthequestionsaboutthewordsinthebox.1-7bbbabab8Answerthequestionsaboutthewords. 1-5aaaba Activereading23Choosethebestanswertothequestions.1-4ccdc4Workinpairs.Identifytheilminwhich:1 Aliens2 Superman3 EmpireoftheAnts4 StarTrek:TheVoyageHome5 TheDaytheEarthCaughtFire5Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdeinitions.1 (proposal)2 (depressing)3 (shift)4 (explosion)5 (namely)6 (dreadful)7 (outdated)6CompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity5.1outdated 2shifted,namely3depressing,explosion4dreadful5proposal7Answerthequestionsaboutthephrases.1-5aabba8Check()thesupportingideasfromtheirstthreeparagraphs.2,4,5,6,8 Languageinuse1.Television telescope telegraph telephone telepathy  telecommunication2.Hands-freephone, alcohol-freebeer, sugar-freesweetener, traffic-freearea, lead-freepetrol3.1.Peopleusedtothinktimetravelwasimpossible.2.Todaysomeofusaregettingusedtoacceptingtheidea.3.Peopleusedtobelieveeverythingtheysawatthecinema.4.Somestudentsarenotusedtothinkingcritically. 5.Peopleusedtothinkexploringouterspaceimpossible.6.Somepeoplearenotusedtokeepingupwiththelatestfashion.4.1.Fourdimensionsarewhatisdifficulttoimagine.2.Thatwecantravelforwards,backwardsandsidewaysinspaceiswhatweknow.3.AnyobjectwithasmallermassiswhatappearsattractedtotheSun.4.Thenewtechnologyiswhattheyreplyontoincreasetheiroutput.5.Time,space,matterandenergyarewhatnolongerhavewell-definedmeaning.6.Theyarewhatwecalltraditionalvirtues,whichstillhavegreatsignificancetoday.7.Anewformoffurturistictechnologybasedonquantumeffectsiswhatscientistsofthefuturemaywellpursue.5.1.可不幸的是，他刚进去盒子就爆炸了。库格马斯发现自己并未回到文学世界，而是落入一册名叫《西班牙语补习》的旧课本里，被一个不规则动词追得到处跑。这是一个超现实的梦幻故事，自1895年H.G.威尔斯写《时间机器》以来，类似的故事在许多小说中出现过。 2.因为宇宙充满了产生万有引力的重物体，所以空间时间是不平的，而是一连串不规则的弧形。我们知道这一点，是因为天文学家能看见理应被较近的物体遮蔽的遥远的恒星。从这些恒星发出的光不是沿直线运动的，而是绕过阻碍直线运动的物体沿弧线运动。3.假设爆炸将一亿吨岩石和碎渣抛入宇宙，那么这个炸弹的威力要比任何以往的炸弹都要大。但是，稍做运算就能说明，这样一场爆炸除了会把地球上的生命全部杀死之外，充其量也只能让地球偏离轨道大约四分之一英寸。4.宇宙飞船围绕太阳飞行，速度越来越快，最后竟然飞回到了历史之中。但这是瞎编乱造，而不是相对论。正如琼斯所说：“爱因斯坦说没有什么比光速更快：但是没有说如果你跑得够快，钟表就会倒转。”6TranslatethesentencesintoEnglish.1.Hewasrightaboutthat.Thewaythebuildingfellsuggeststhatthecontractorhadcutcornersandtheworkershadnotfollowedregularprocedures.Butweneedtocarryoutaninvestigationtogainspecific,hardevidenceagainstthem.2.Despitetheshortdistancebetweenthevillageandthetown,ittookthevillagersabout4hourstogooverthemountainstoreachthetown.Finallytheydecidedtomakeatunnelthatgoesright throughthemountainthatblockedtheirway. 3.Socoldwastheweatherthattheygatheredaroundthestovetosoakupthewarmth.Theyhadfallenvictimstothesnowstormwhich,aswellaskillingmanywildanimalsandlivestock,hadcutofftheirfoodsupplies.4.Thisisnothingbutalie.Iknowwhathehasinmind.Heistryingtolaythefingerofblameonthosewhohaveforalltheseyearsworkeddayandnightfortheprojectandescapeshisownresponsibilityforthefailure. '