GBT 15135-2002 燃气轮机 词汇.pdf 69页

'ICS27.040K56中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T15135-2002代替(;B/T15135--1994燃气轮机词汇Gasturbines-Vocabulary(ISO11086:1996，MOD)2002-12-31发布2003-06-01实施中华人民共和国发布国家质量监督检验检疫总局www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002目次1}J0IAmW1范围············································································································⋯⋯12燃气轮机种类与型式·............................................................................................13燃气轮机结构·.....................................................................................................24燃气轮机辅助设备及附件·......................................................................................35燃气轮机一般词汇·······················································································⋯⋯66燃气轮机性能与试验·······················································································⋯⋯87透平种类与型式·····························································································⋯⋯n8透平结构·...........................................................................................................129透平辅助设备和附件···············································································，···⋯⋯131。透平一般词汇···，··············，······，·································································⋯⋯1311透平性能与试验................................................................................................1412压气机种类与型式·...........................................................................................1513压气机结构·.....................................................................................................1514压气机辅助设备和附件·......................................................................................1615压气机一般词汇··························································································⋯⋯1616压气机性能与试验·............................................................................................1717燃烧室和加热器种类与型式·...............................................................................1818燃烧室和加热器结构·.........................................................................................1919燃烧室和加热器辅助设备和附件·.........................................................................1920燃烧室和加热器一般词汇········，························，··················，·，··，···················，，，·⋯1921燃烧室和加热器性能与试验.................................................................................2022回热式热交换器种类与型式·................................................................................2123回热式热交换器结构·.........................................................................................2224回热式热交换器辅助设备及附件·..........................................................................2225回热式热交换器一般词汇··············································································⋯⋯2226回热式热交换器性能与试验.................................................................................2227联合循环和热电联供·······················································，··········，，···················⋯⋯23附录A(资料性附录)燃气轮机系统示例·························································⋯⋯24附录B(资料性附录)联合循环系统示例································································⋯⋯28附录C(规范性附录)燃气轮机术语·..........................................................................33附录D(资料性附录)参考文献·...................................................................................47中文索引········································································································⋯⋯48英文索引············································································································⋯⋯54www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002前言本标准是对GB/T15135-1994(燃气轮机术语》进行的修订。本标准为修改采用ISO11086:1996(燃气轮机词汇》。主要修改是增加了附录C，即对ISO11086中未列出的词汇，但在GB/T15135-1994(燃气轮机术语》中存在，目前仍对燃气轮机专业有用的术语则全部以规范性附录纳人其附录C中。其次，为适应我国各类燃气轮机行业的需要，对标准的个别词条增加了“同义词”。本标准代替GB/T15135-1994(燃气轮机术语》。本标准附录A、附录B和附录D为资料性附录。本标准附录C为规范性附录。本标准由中国电器工业协会提出。本标准由全国燃气轮机标准化技术委员会归口。本标准起草单位:南京燃气轮机研究所、清华大学、西安交通大学、上海发电设备成套设计研究所、北京电工技术经济研究所。本标准起草人:娄马宝、刘尚明、丰镇平、林诚杰、盛亦儿、郭丽平。本标准所代替的标准的历次版本发布情况为:—GB/T15135-1994代替GB2900.47-1983www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002引言为了便于使用，本国际标准的定义采用分类表述。附录的目的是便于理解定义的含意。附录A提供了ISO3977中所规定的燃气轮机系统的示例。附录B则提供了联合循环系统的示例。为便于参照，出现在ISO2314和ISO3977中的定义已包括在本标准中，为使定义表述达到统一，对定义的格式作了修改。对ISO2314和ISO3977中燃气轮机的定义具有通用性并适用于采购与验收标准，而2.1中对燃气轮机发动机的定义则指燃气轮机独立体。www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002燃气轮机词汇范围本标准提出了在燃气轮机领域内使用的术语及定义。本标准适用于开式循环(使用常规燃烧系统)、闭式循环、半闭式循环及联合循环燃气轮机。燃气轮机种类与型式2.1燃气轮机gasturbine(单机)把热能转换为机械功的旋转机械，包括压气机、加热工质的设备(如燃烧室)、透平、控制系统和辅助设备。注:燃气轮机系统的示例见附录A.2.2粥气轮机动力装置gasturbinepowerplant燃气轮机发动机及为产生有用的动力(例如:电能、机械能或热能)所必需的基本设备。同义词:燃气轮机装置2.3开式循环open-cycle工质从大气进人燃气轮机，再排人大气的热力循环。2.4闭式循环closed-cycle循环工质不排人大气的热力循环。2.5半闭式循环semiclosed-cycle燃烧在工质中进行，一部分工质进人再循环，另一部分排向大气的热力循环。2.6内燃式燃气轮机internalcombustiongasturbine燃烧在燃气轮机内部工质中进行的燃气轮机。2.7外燃式燃气轮机externalcombustiongasturbine燃烧发生在外部区域，并把热传递给工质的燃气轮机。2.8简单循环simplecycle依次由压缩、燃烧和膨胀过程组成的热力循环。2.9回热循环regenerativecycle利用回收排气余热的热力循环。它包含依次对工质的压缩、回热加热、燃烧、膨胀和回热放热(排气热量传递给压气机出口的工质)。www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-20022.10中间冷却循环(间冷循环)intercooledcycle在相继的压缩段之间对工质进行冷却的热力循环。2.11再热循环reheatcycle在相继的膨胀段之间对工质再加人热量的热力循环。2.12联合循环combinedcycle燃气轮机循环与蒸汽或其他流体的朗肯循环相联合的热力循环。注1:常见的例子是燃气轮机的排气热量被用来产生朗肯循环中的燕汽.注2:这种循环的优良热力性能是由于综合了每个循环的最佳热力特性。即:在嫩气轮机循环中能在较高温度下加人的热量，而在朗肯循环中热量能在较低温度下释放。2.13单轴燃气轮机single-shaftgasturbine通过一根轴把压气机与透平及负荷机械地连接，从而使它们旋转一致，传递由透平膨胀过程产生动力的燃气轮机。2.14多轴燃气轮机multi-shaftgasturbine有两根或两根以上机械上相互独立旋转的透平轴的燃气轮机。注:多轴燃气轮机可以是具有一个自由动力透平和单根压气机一透平轴的分轴燃气轮机或具有多个压气机一透平轴2.15固定式燃气轮机stationarygasturbine用作固定的动力源，但移动不方便的燃气轮机。2.16移动式燃气轮机mobilegasturbine用作固定的动力源，但移动方便的燃气轮机。2.17自由活塞燃气轮机freepistongasturbine利用自由活塞发动机产生热高压气源的燃气轮机。2.18抽气式燃气轮机extractiongasturbine/bledgasturbine从燃气通道以工质分流的形式输出部分能量的燃气轮机。燃气轮机结构透平turbine利用工质的膨胀产生机械动力的燃气轮机部件。同义词:涡轮3.2压气机compressor利用机械动力增加工质的压力，并伴有温度升高的燃气轮机部件。燃烧室combustionchamberwww.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002燃料(热源)与工质发生反应，增加工质温度的燃气轮机部件。3.4工质加热器workingfluidheater热源在其内间接增加工质温度的设备。3.5然气发生器gasgenerator产生高温压力燃气，输送给工艺流程或自由动力透平的然气轮机的组件。注:它由一个或多个旋转压气机、与工质相关的热设备、一个或多个驱动压气机的透平、控制系统以及基本的辅助设备组成3.6回热器regenerator通过加热和冷却第三热导体(介质)，把热量从一种流体传到另一流体的热交换器。3.7预冷器precooler在工质开始压缩之前降低其温度的热交换器或蒸发冷却器。中间冷却器intercooler降低在压缩段间工质温度的热交换器或蒸发冷却器(喷雾式中间冷却器)。3.9蒸发冷却器evaporativecooler通过喷水蒸发降低工质温度的设备燃气轮机辅助设备及附件4.1负荷齿轮箱(主齿轮箱)maingear用于燃气轮机输出轴减速或增速的齿轮箱。4.2盘车装置turninggear在热运行停机后，利用动力装置，在非常低的转速下使主转子组件旋转，以防止冷却不均匀而造成转子的弯曲与不平衡的驱动组件。注:它也可提供扭矩使转子从静止进人初始转动状态4.3起动设备startingequipment对燃气轮机转子提供扭矩的组合部件，它能使其加速到点火转速，然后达到自持转速。4.4控制系统controlsystem在所有运行方式下用来控制、保护、监视及报告燃气轮机状况的总系统。注:它包括起动控制系统、调节器和燃料控制系统、转速显示器、仪表、电源控制及其他如顺序起动、稳定运行、停机、遮断及异常工况下的停机和备用运行所必要的控制。4.5调节系统governingsystem为控制关键参数(例如:转速、温度、压力、输出功率、推力、间隙等)所提供的控制元件和设备。4.6燃料控制系统fuelcontrolsystem3www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002用来为燃气轮机燃烧室提供适量燃料的系统。4.7转速调节器speedgovernor调节被控制转子或轴转速的装置4.8转速变换器speedchanger用来调整转速调节系统以改变燃气轮机在运行中的转速或输出功率的装置。4.9燃气温度控制器gastemperaturecontroller用来调整燃料控制系统或空气质量流量控制系统(通过可变几何部件)，以获得所设定的透平温度值的装置。4.10燃料流f控制阀fuelflowcontrolvalve用于控制进人燃气轮机的燃料量的阀门，或其他作为最终燃料测量元件的装置。4.11保护系统protectionsystem保护燃气轮机免受控制系统未涉及到的任何危险情况的系统。例如:火灾保护系统等。4.12超速控制装置overspeedcontroldevice超速遮断装置overspeedtripdevice当转子转速达到设定值时，立即能触发超速保护系统的控制或遮断的部件。4.13燃料切断阀fuelshut-offvalve当被触发时，立即切断流人燃烧系统的全部燃料的装置。4.14超温控制装置overtemperaturecontroldevice超温保护装置overtemperatureprotectivedevice限制关键温度达到某些设定的最大值的控制系统的部件。4.15超温检测器overtemperaturedetector对温度直接响应的一次元件。当温度达到设定值时，通过合适的放大器或转换器，立即作用于保护系统。4.16火焰失效遮断装置flame-failuretrippingdevice在预定的时间内，未建立满意的燃烧而使起动程序中断的装置。4.17熄火遮断装置flame-outtrippingdevice在运行中，监测到燃烧系统出现火焰不充分时，致使燃料控制系统切断进人燃烧系统燃料的装置。4.了8润滑油系统lubricationsystem调节并供应润滑油给轴承和其他使用润滑油的设备的总系统。注:此系统包括泵、过滤器、压力控制装置、流量控制装置等。www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-20024.19嫩料处理设备fueltreatmentequipment用于处理和/或清除燃料中有害的成分(即:固体粒子、钒、钠、铅、清漆等)的设备。注:这种设备可由过滤器、燃料添加剂系统、清洗系统等组成。4.20姗料供给系统fuelsupplysystem向燃气轮机供给燃料的系统。注:它可由燃料的前置泵、日用油箱、主燃料泵、燃料分配器、隔离阀等组成。4.21燃料注入泵fuelinjectionpump向燃气轮机供给液体燃料的主高压泵。4.22进气道airintakeduct将工质引人压气机进口法兰的管道。注:它也可装有过滤器、消音器、蒸发冷却器等。4.23排气道exhaustduct引导工质从燃气轮机排向大气或热回收装置或预冷却器的管道。注它也可以包含消音器、挡板等4.24进气过滤器intakeairfilter清除进气空气中大部分的固体颗粒和/或液体的装置。注:进气过滤器可以是离心式、千燥介质型、湿介质型或混合型。4.25消音器silencer衰减燃气轮机噪声的装置。4.26空气充气系统airchargingsystem用来提高循环的压力值的系统。注:在半闭式循环燃气轮机中，充气系统用来对循环提供增压空气。在闭式循环燃气轮机中，充气系统控制循环的压力大小，从而控制装置的功率大小。4.27放气阀blow-offvalve能迅速排出高压流体的阀或其他装置。注:在回热循环中，在某些情况下，储存在回热器高压侧的能量，需要通过放气阀快速排人大气以防止发生超速4.28罩壳enclosures用于保护人员及设备免受环境的影响，包括防火以及可以衰减噪声的屏障4.29注蒸汽/注水设备steam/waterinjectionequipment用来向工质注水和/或蒸汽，以达到控制排放物和/或增加功率目的的设备。注:用于控制排放物时，喷注点通常是在燃烧反应区。用于增加功率时，喷注点可以是压气机人口、燃烧室人口或透平人口。www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-20024.30双姗料系统dualfuelsystem允许燃气轮机燃用两种不同的燃料系统。例如:气体或液体燃料。5燃气轮机一般词汇5.1旋转方向directionofrotation顺工质的流动方向看，所确定的燃气轮机转子的旋转方向。示例:顺时针方向。5.2自持转速self-sustainingspeed燃气轮机转子能够正常运行的最小转速，此时，不需外力来维持然气轮机的稳态运行或使转子加速。5.3恒温运行constanttemperatureoperation受控温度保持不变的燃气轮机运行方式。5.4恒功率运行constantpoweroperation出力保持不变的燃气轮机运行方式。5.5冷却盘车coolingdown燃气轮机热态停机时，为防止造成热冲击损伤，使热部件逐渐冷却嫩气轮机运行方式。5.6起动特性图startingcharacteristicsdiagram燃气轮机从准备起动状态到准备加载状态的重要特性图。注:可以用温度、压力、燃料流量等为参变量所表示的扭矩一转速的关系曲线。5.7起动start使燃气轮机及所驱动的设备从准备起动状态到准备加载状况的动作过程。注对某些应用情况而言，被驱动设备可能需要占用相当部分的起动时间用来做好加载的准备。如:气体压缩机需清吹和加压等5.8正常起动normalstart在正常的维修间隔期内，按照制造厂推荐的方式起动燃气轮机的动作过程。5.9快速起动faststart一种比正常起动方式时间短的燃气轮机起动方式，这种方式可能对燃气轮机的维护和/或寿命产生不良影响。5.10黑起动blackstart不使用外部电源使燃气轮机起动，即仅使用燃气轮机电厂内的电力。5.11点火ignitionwww.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002给点火器通电的动作。5.12粉火light-off在燃烧系统内建立正常燃烧的过程。5.13起动时间startingtime燃气轮机从开始起动状态到准备加载状态所需的时间。注:对某些应用情况而言，此时间在很大程度上取决于被驱动的设备5.14加载时间loadingtime燃气轮机从开始加载状态到满负荷状态所需要的时间。5.15起动次数numberofstarts燃气轮机已经达到5.7所定义的起动的总次数。5.16清吹purging在准备起动或重新起动燃气轮机之前，对燃气轮机气流通道和排气系统中的可燃产物进行吹扫或清除。5.17旁路控制by-passcontrol通过允许部分流体绕过被控制装置而剩余流体继续通过装置起作用的一种控制方法。5.18旁路控制by-passcontrol闭式循环燃气轮机中采用使压气机部分工质分流送至预冷器人口来控制转速或功率的方法。5.19压fl控制pressurelevelcontrol在闭式循环燃气轮机中采用的控制功率的方法。注:功率与压力成正比，而压力可通过从循环中充人或抽出工质来控制。5.20燃烧室检查combustorinspection燃气轮机燃烧室的检查(含过渡段)，以确定该部件是否能在规定的期间内继续正常运行，或为满足规范是否需要修理和/或更换零部件。5.21热通道检查hotsectioninspection燃气轮机燃烧室和透平部件的检查，以确定这些零部件是否能在规定的期间内继续正常运行，或为满足规范是否需要修理和/或更换零部件。5.22关键(部件)检查majorinspection燃气轮机所有关键部件的检查，以确定燃气轮机是否能在规定的期间内继续正常运行，或为满足规范是否需要修理和/或更换零部件。5.23大修majoroverhaul彻底的检修，更换那些必需更换的零部件，使得燃气轮机在额定工况下能运行到所期望的规定www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002时期。6燃气轮机性能与试验6.1额定输出功率ratedoutput燃气轮机在额定工况并处于“新的和清洁的”状态下运行时的标称或保证的输出功率。6.2新的和清洁的状态newandcleancondition(燃气轮机)所有影响性能的零部件符合设计规范时的燃气轮机的状态。6.3新的和清洁的状态newandcleancondition(设备)当新的(正常运行少于100h，没有可测到的损坏)或对发现的任何明显缺陷已立即进行检查和校正，使所有相关零件处于良好状态时，则设备为新的和清洁的状态。6.4标准额定输出功率standardratedoutput燃气轮机在透平温度、转速、燃料、进气温度、压力和相对湿度、排气压力为标准参考条件(见6.37)下，且处于新的和清洁的状态下运行时的标称或保证的输出功率。注:标准参考条件是没有考虑进、排气压力损失输出功率为发电机端子处的电功率或扣除独立驱动辅助负荷的透平联轴节处的机械功率，其位置必须清楚予以说明。6.5辅助负荷auxiliaryloads燃气轮机动力装置的支持系统需要的所有负荷，不包括气体燃料压缩机。6.6现场额定输出功率siteratedoutput燃气轮机在规定的现场运行条件下，并处于新的和清洁的状态运行时的标称或保证的输出功率(该输出功率是减去辅助负荷后的净值)。6.7尖峰负荷额定输出功率peakloadratedoutput燃气轮机在规定的条件和在透平尖峰负荷的额定温度下，并处在新的和清洁的状态运行时的标称或保证的输出功率。注:ISO标准尖峰额定值指在尖峰负荷额定温度下，每年安全运行可达到2000h和起动500次6.8基本负荷额定输出功率baseloadratedoutput燃气轮机在规定的条件和在透平基本负荷的额定温度下，且处在新的和清洁状态运行时的标称或保证的输出功率。注:工S(〕标准基本负荷额定值指在透平基本负荷温度下，每年安全运行可达到8760h和起动25次。6.9备用尖峰负荷额定输出功率(应急尖峰负荷额定输出功率)reservepeakloadoutput燃气轮机在规定的条件和在透平备用尖峰负荷额定温度下，且处在新的和清洁状态运行时的标称或保证的输出功率。注:ISO标准备用尖峰负荷额定值指在透平备用尖峰负荷温度下每年安全运行可达到500ho6.10半基本负荷额定输出功率(中间负荷额定输出功率)semi-base-loadratedoutputwww.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002燃气轮机在规定的条件和在透平半基本额定负荷的温度下，且处在新的和清洁状态时运行的标称或保证的输出功率。注:I30标准半基本额定负荷是对透平半基本负荷额定温度下，每年运行达到6000h而言6.11极限输出功率outputlimit燃气轮机在任何状态下的最大允许输出功率。6.12输出功率性能图outputperformancediagram燃气轮机在不同的压气机进口温度和负荷的条件下的性能图或性能曲线。注:性能参数通常指燃料消耗量、输出功率、排气温度和排气流量。用作机械驱动时应包括输出轴转速的影响6.13折算输出功率referredoutput修正输出功率correctedoutput燃气轮机的试验输出功率换算到在折算(修正)条件下的输出功率。6.14轴输出功率shaftoutput燃气轮机在输出轴联轴节处的净输出功率。6.15额定转速ratedspeed在额定条件下功率输出轴的转速6.16透平遮断转速turbinetripspeed独立的危急超速保护装置切断燃料供应时燃气轮机的转速。6.17空负荷转速idlingspeed允许燃气轮机持续运行而不对外输出功的指定转速。6.18点火转速ignitionspeed燃气轮机转子在点火器通电时的转速。注:除标准条件外，它可能不是个常数。6.19折算转速referredspeed修正转速correctedspeed燃气轮机试验时的运行转速换算到折算(修正)条件下的转速。6.20临界转速criticalspeed燃气轮机及其驱动设备的相关旋转轴系的固有频率。6.21飞升转速maximummomentaryspeed在负荷遮断条件下，燃气轮机瞬间所达到的最大转速。6.22稳态转速steady-statespeed当所有主要相关参数基本不变时，燃气轮机的转速。9www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-20026.23稳定性时间stabilizationtime一旦独立参数稳定时，主要相关参数达到某一稳态时所需的时间。6.24稳态转速增f调节steady-stateincrementalspeedregulation稳态转速相对于输出功率的变化率。注:在所考虑的输出功率点处，稳态转速随输出功率变化曲线的切线斜率6.25稳态转速调节steady-statespeedregulation稳态转速不等率steady-statespeeddroop燃气轮机运行在标准工况下，且其转速调节系统的所有调节具有相同的给定值，输出功率从额定减少到零时，以额定转速百分比表示的稳态转速的改变量。6.26热效率thermalefficiency(燃气轮机)的净能量输出与按燃料的净比能(低热值)计算的燃料能量输人之比。6.27折算热效率referredthermalefficiency修正热效率correctedthermalefficiency燃气轮机的试验热效率换算到折算(修正)条件下的热效率。6.28燃料消耗ffuelconsumption给定燃料的质量流量，单位是千克每小时((kg/h),6.29燃料消耗率specificfuelconsumption给定燃料的质量流量与净输出功率的比值，单位是千克每千瓦小时〔kg/(kW"h)]o6.30热耗heatconsumption由燃料提供的净能量消耗率，单位是千焦耳每小时(kJ/h).6.31热耗率heatrate(燃气轮机)每单位时间消耗的净燃料能量与输出的净功率的比值，单位是千焦耳每千瓦小时[kJ/(kW·h)].6.32热平衡heatbalance应用热力学第一定律来确定测得的输入能量与测得的输出能量是否相等注:热平衡是对试验测量的质量的综合检查。6.33比功率specificpower燃气轮机的净输出功率与压气机进气质量流量的比值，单位是千瓦秒每千克((kW"s/kg).6.34机械损失mechanicalloss由燃气轮机转子的轴承和鼓风损失引起输出功率的减少。注:也包括轴驱动的辅助设备。10www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-20026.35现场条件siteconditions影响燃气轮机性能的某一特定安装场地所给定的条件。如:燃料特性、大气压力、压气机进气温度和湿度、进气压损和排气压损等6.36标准大气standardatmosphere(用于标准参考条件)以温度为150C、压力为101.3kPa、相对湿度为60环的大气条件来表示。注:空气中的化学组成可从下列标准和文献中获得ISO2533，或Keenan与Kaye,ICAO国际民用航空组织)标准，或其他相一致标准。6.37标准参考条件standardreferenceconditions燃气轮机的额定值应采用下列假定:a)在压气机进气口(总压、温度和相对湿度)和在透平排气法兰处(静压)为标准大气值。b)用来冷却工质的冷却水或冷却空气的温度为150C,C)标准气体燃料(CH‘一甲烷)，其H/C重量比为。.333，净比能为50000kj/kgd)标准燃料油(CH,.6a;一蒸馏油)，其H/C重量比为。1417，净比能为420001{j/kg.6.38起动特性试验startingcharacteristicstest确定正常起动过程中燃气轮机转速与时间关系的试验。注:其他测量参数是温度、压力以及诸如点火、着火、起动设备脱扣和任何其他明显的事件发生的时间。6.39保护设备试验protectivedevicetest对所有与燃气轮机及其系统有关的保护装置进行的试验，以检验整定值是否适当及功能是否正常。6.40甩负荷试验loadrejectiontest为确定燃气轮机对突然失去全部所带负荷时的响应而进行的试验。注:控制系统应在合理的时间内，不超越任何遮断条件或其他限值，使燃气轮机进人一个安全的工况。7透平种类与型式透平turbine见3.1.7.2轴流式透平axialflowturbine工质流动的主方向与机械旋转轴线平行的透平。径流式透平radialflowturbine工质流动的主方向与机械旋转轴垂直的透平注:通常是径向向内流人的透平。7.4动力透平powerturbine由燃气发生器排出的燃气驱动的透平，通过该透平的独立轴产生输出动力。www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002压气机透平compressorturbine驱动一个压气机或在多轴系统中驱动多个压气机的透平。气体膨胀透平gasexpanderturbine从压力较高的气流中回收能量的透平。透平结构高压透平highpressureturbine在具有多个透平的燃气轮机中，膨胀过程的第一个透平。8.2中压透平intermediatepressureturbine在一些具有三个透平的燃气轮机中，膨胀过程的第二个透平。低压透平lowpressureturbine在一些具有多个透平的燃气轮机中，膨胀过程的最后一个透平。8.4气缸casing透平部件，为圆筒形静止结构，它容纳工质、支承和安装透平的其他静止零件。同义词:机匣外气缸outercasing燃气轮机最外层的圆筒形静止部件。它支承和安装透平的其他静止零件。注:它通常也是透平的承压壳体。内气缸innercasing透平最内层的圆筒形静止部件。它支承透平喷嘴或静叶，及支承形成工质静子通流部分的零件。扩压器diffuser紧随透平叶片之后的通流结构，使工质速度降低以提高工质的静压。透平转子turbinerotor包含所有透平旋转零件的旋转组件。透平轮盘turbinedisc透平级的旋转零件，用来安装透平的动叶或叶片组。8.10透平叶轮turbinewheel透平级的旋转组件，它包括轮盘和动叶。8.11叶片blade具有型线部分的零件，其外表面形成工质绕流的高效流道的两个侧面。www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-20028.12动叶片rotorblade/rotorbucket固定在透平轮盘或转子上的叶片。8.13静叶片stationaryblade静叶静子stator固定在透平喷嘴组件上的叶片。8.14透平喷嘴turbinenozzle叶片的静止组件，它形成高效的加速工质的流道，将工质导人透平动叶。注:径流式透平中可称为导向叶片。8.15透平隔板turbinediaphragm透平喷嘴和它的支承结构(持环)。8.16可调醉叶片variablestatorblade出口角能够进行调整的静叶片。8.17冷却叶片cooledblade具有内部通道，从而可用冷却流体来降低叶片温度的叶片。8.18级stage由一列喷嘴和随后跟着的一列动叶组成的一对叶片排。9透平辅助设备和附件透平清洗设备turbinewashingequipment燃气轮机上的附属设备，一种提供清洗透平流道或外来污垢的设备。注:通常只是在燃烧诸如被处理过的渣油、原油或其他含灰嫩料的燃气轮机上才有这样的要求。10透平一般词汇10.1进气压力inletpressure进人透平第一级工质的质量流量加权平均总压。10.2透平参考进口温度turbinereferenceinlettemperature根据燃烧室进口温度、燃烧室内释放的净能、压气机进口质量流量加上燃料的质量流量计算出来的透平进口总温。注:参见ISO2314010.3透平进口温度turbineentrytemperature燃烧器出口温度burneroutlettemperature13www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002燃烧室出口温度combustoroutlettemperature静叶进口处工质的质量流量加权平均总温。参照出口温度(燃烧室和加热器)(20.4)o10.4透平转子进口温度turbinerotorinlettemperature相应在第一级动叶进口前沿的静止平面处工质的质量流量加权平均总温。注:这是热力学修正的透平进口温度，因为工质仅在透平转子中作功，并且流体作功的能力与它的绝对温度成正比10.5出口压力outletpressure在透平出口法兰处静止平面的工质质量流量加权平均总压。10.6出口温度outlettemperature在透平出口法兰处静止平面的工质质量流量加权平均总温。10.7膨胀比(压比)pressureratio透平进口总压与透平出口总压的比值。10.8排气流且exhaustgasflow在透平出口法兰处排气的质量流量。11透平性能与试验11.1透平输出功率turbinepoweroutput透平的毛输出功率(未扣除轴承、鼓风摩擦和抽吸损失)。11.2机械效率mechanicalefficiency透平轴端的输出功率或透平输出功率与输人给透平轴的功率之比值注:透平轴端的输出功率是扣除轴承、鼓风摩擦和抽吸损失的透平输出功率。11.3等嫡效率isentropicefficiency透平毛输出功率除以透平的输人功率。注1:透平的输人功率是组成透平流量的所有流管的等墒膨胀获得的功率总和，每股流管的温度是取自进人透平传给它的热量所具有的值，每股流管的压力是取自进人流管该点上的流体静压，第一级进口处的工质静压除外注2:本定义对非冷却透平是正确的，对冷却透平仅当冷却剂与主气流混合在一起时才是正确的。11.4多变效率polytropicefficiency在给定膨胀比下，透平具有无穷多级且每级以相同的等嫡效率膨胀的功之和与该透平的等嫡膨胀功的比值。注:对透平来说无限小膨胀比的级的等嫡效率一般是比透平的等嫡效率小t4www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-200212压气机种类与型式12.1压气机comp见3.2.轴流式压气机axialflowcompressor工质流动的主方向是轴向的压气机。径流式压气机radialflowcompressor离心式压气机centrifugalcompressor工质主流方向是径向向外流出的压气机。13压气机结构13.1低压压气机lowpressurecompressor在具有多个压气机的燃气轮机中，压缩过程的第一个压气机。13.2中压压气机intermediatepressurecompressor在具有三个压气机的燃气轮机中，压缩过程的第二个压气机。高压压气机highpressurecompressor在具有多个压气机的燃气轮机中，压缩过程的最后一个压气机。气缸casing压气机部件，为圆柱形静止结构，用来支撑和安装压气机静止零件。注:通常它是压气机的承受压力的外壳。同义词:机匣13.5压气机转子compressorrotor包含所有压气机旋转零件的旋转组件。压气机轮盘compressordisc压气机级的旋转零件，用来支承压气机的叶片。压气机叶轮compressorwheel压气机级的旋转组件，它包含轮盘和动叶。叶片blade具有型线部分的零件，其外表面组成工质朝压气机轴向绕流的相邻高效流道的两个侧面。动叶片movingblade/rotorblade动叶片是压气机叶轮或转子组件的零件。www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-200213.10静叶片stationaryblade叶片vane静子stator静叶片是压气机静子组件的零件。13.11隔板diaphragm静叶片的组件和支承结构。13.12可调静叶片variablestatorblade在运行中出气角能够进行调整的叶片。13.13进口导叶inletguidevanes非旋转叶片组件，它位于第一级动叶片前，可以是可调叶片。注:它对流人流体给予预旋。13.14出口导叶outletguidevanes紧接末级静叶片的一列(或数列)静叶片，用来消除气流的周向分量。13.15扩压器diffuser紧跟压气机后的通流结构，使工质速度降低来提高工质的静压。13.16级stage由一列动叶片和随后跟着的一列静叶片组成的一对叶片排。14压气机辅助设备和附件14.1压气机进气防冰系统compressorintakeanti-icingsystem压气机和/或压气机进气系统的附属设备，用以防止形成有害冰的堆积14.2压气机清洗系统compressorwashingsystem燃气轮机的附属设备，提供一种方便的清洗压气机的通流表面的设备。14.3颗粒分离器particleseparator用来从进口空气中分离固体颗粒的设备。15压气机一般词汇15.1进口压力inletpressure在压气机进口法兰处工质的质量流量加权平均绝对总压。15.2进口温度inlettemperature在压气机进口法兰处工质的质量流量加权平均总温。16www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-200215.3出口压力outletpressure在扩压器出口平面处工质的质量流量加权平均总压。15.4出口温度outlettemperature在扩压器出口平面处工质的质量流量加权平均总温。15.5压比pressureratio出口总压与进口总压之比。注:它与用容积比值来定义的压缩比不同。15.6进口空气流finletairflow在压气机进口法兰处的进日空气质量流量。15.7抽气bleedair/extractionair在压缩过程中从主气流中抽出的空气。放气blow-off在压缩过程中的放气动作，用来实现防止诸如超速或喘振的控制功能。16压气机性能与试验16.1压气机输入功率compressorinputpower驱动压气机部件所需的功率总量，包括轴承和鼓风的损失。16.2机械效率mechanicalefficiency压缩工质所需功率与压气机输人功率之比。16.3等嫡功率isentropicpower在绝热和可逆过程的条件下，压缩工质所需的功率。16.4等嫡效率isentropicefficiency等嫡功率与压缩工质所需功率之比。16.5多变效率polytropicefficiency在给定的压比下，压气机的等嫡压缩功与该压气机在具有无限多级且每级以相同等嫡效率的条件下压缩的功之和的比值。注:对于压缩过程而言，多变效率或级效率总是大于等嫡效率的。16.6喘振surge在压气机和连接管道中，出现工质流量以较低的频率振荡为特征的不稳定流动工况注:因为这是一个有害的工况，应该避免www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-200216.7渐进失速deepstal可能出现的压气机运行工况，特征是较为稳定，但流量低和压缩效率很低。注:压气机运行在流量一转速特性线的正斜率一侧.16.8旋转失速rotatingstall压气机可能出现的工况，有一个或多个低速或逆流区横跨部分压气机叶栅通道，并且沿转子旋转方向旋转，但旋转的速度只是转子速度的几分之一。注1:可能有一个或多个区域沿环面近似等距分布。注2:通常出现在严重偏离设计运行工况。16.9堵塞choking气流在某处达到音速，而使下游参数不产生进一步影响的工况。注:如果压气机的排气压力足够低，最后一级静子中流动将达到音速，从而出现堵塞工况。此后，进一步降低压气机的排气压力，对流量或驱动压气机的所需功率没有影响16.10特性图performancemap/characteristicmap以转速和效率为参数来表示压气机的压比一流量性能图。注:同时也示出了压气机的稳定运行区域，该图也可以用于近似确定在不同压力、温度和湿度进口条件下的性能。17燃烧室和加热器种类与型式17.1燃烧室combustionchamber见3.3。17.2分管形燃烧室can-typecombustor由多个单管燃烧室组成的燃烧室，每个燃烧室由承压外壳和火焰筒组成。注:这些燃烧室通常以环形排列围绕着透平安装。17.3环形燃烧室annularcombustor横截面为环形的燃烧室。它安装在压气机和透平之间，并完全围绕着燃气轮机。17.4环管形燃烧室canannularcombustor在压气机和透平之间的环形截面的壳体中，环形排列的多个火焰筒组成的燃烧室。17.5筒形燃烧室silocombustor由一个或两个大型逆流式筒形燃烧室组成的燃烧室，用法兰连接于透平与压气机气缸上。17.6再热燃烧室reheatcombustor对在透平中已部分膨胀的工质进行二次加热的燃烧室。17.7再热燃烧室reheatcombustor(飞机上应用)加力燃烧室。www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-200217.8加热器heater在外燃式的燃气轮机中加热工质的设备。17.9低排放燃烧室loweremissionscombustors降低燃烧室反应区的温度，以减少氮氧化物的生成所设计的燃烧室。注:这类然烧室可分为贫予混、贫贫、富一贫、可变面积、分级燃烧和催化型式.18嫩烧室和加热器结构18.1火焰筒combustionliner/combustorcan/combustorbasket/flametube包围燃烧反应区域的组件。18.2外壳outercasing包围火焰筒，并作为燃烧室的承压组件。18.3联焰管crossflametube/inter-connector/crossfiretube/crosslighttube在多火焰筒燃烧室中，为点火气体提供火焰联通的管道，从而使其由已点着的火焰筒通到未点着的火焰筒，并点燃其邻近的火焰筒。19燃烧室和加热器辅助设备和附件19.1燃料喷嘴fueli叮ector把燃料(液体或气体)喷人燃烧室的装置。注1:每个燃烧室可拥有一个或多个喷嘴，现代的发展趋于多个喷嘴。注2:燃料喷嘴将液体燃料雾化成细小颗粒，以增加燃料的表面积，确保燃料与空气的快速混合和嫩烧，同时也使燃料直接进入燃烧区中的适当区域使其达到最佳混合和燃烧.燃料喷嘴有许多种:单压力雾化式、双喷嘴式、变截面或回油式、空气雾化式、空气喷射式、燕发式和多喷嘴式(用于气体燃料)。19.2燃料流f分配器fuelflowdivider将燃料等量分配到每个燃料喷嘴，使每个燃烧室产生均匀温度的计量装置。注:通常气体燃料不需要此装置。19.3点火装置ignitionequipment燃气轮机燃烧室中用于引发燃烧的装置。注:点火装置可以由一个高能源、一个火花塞或点火器等组成。某些燃气轮机可用火炬点火器。19.4火焰检测器flamedetector感受燃烧室中是否建立符合要求的燃烧的装置。20嫩烧室和加热器一般词汇20.1进口压力inletpressurewww.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002在燃烧室进口截面处工质的质量流量加权平均绝对总压。20.2进口温度inlettemperature在燃烧室进口截面处工质的质量流量加权平均总温。20.3出口压力outletpressure在燃烧室出口截面处工质的质量流量加权平均绝对总压，包括任何泄漏进人工质所产生的影响。20.4姗烧室出口温度outlettemperature/burneroutlettemperature在燃烧室出口截面处工质的质量流量加权平均总温，包括任何泄漏进人工质所产生的影响。20.5一次燃烧区primaryzone在火焰筒内燃料与空气充分混合，发生燃烧反应的区域。注:在扩散火焰中，该反应发生在近似化学配比或理论化学计量混合气条件下。20.6二次燃烧区secondaryzone在火焰筒内来自一次燃烧区的燃烧产物与来自压气机的剩余空气相混合，使工质在进人透平部件以前形成温度均匀的混合物的区域。20.7一次空气primaryair进人燃烧室一次燃烧区的空气。20.8二次空气secondaryair进人燃烧室二次燃烧区的空气。同义词:掺混空气21燃烧室和加热器性能与试验21.1燃料空气比fuel-airratio燃料一空气的混合物中燃料与空气的质量比。21.2理论(化学计，)燃料空气比stoichiometricfuel-airratio燃料完全燃烧时，具有精确比例的燃料空气混合物中燃料与空气的质量比。21.3当f比equivalenceratio实际的燃料空气比除以理论燃料空气比。注:如果该值大干1，则表示比理论混合物富;该值小于1，则表示比理论混合物贫。21.4过f空气比excessairratio理论燃料空气比除以实际燃料空气比并减去1,注:过量空气比为2表示所提供的空气是所需的3倍.21.5燃烧强度combustionintensity20www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002在单位大气压力或单位绝对压力下，火焰筒单位体积单位时间内释放的燃料能量的量度。注通常它的单位是兆瓦每立方米绝对压力〔MW/(m""ata)].21.6比傲烧强度specificcombustionintensity考虑了燃烧室压力影响以后的燃烧强度。压力升高，燃烧强度下降。注:压力影响是用压力升高的，次方表示而不直接用压力值表示，n值通常为1.8，一般以嫌烧强度的1.8次方表示21.7烟烧室效率combustorefficiency燃烧过程中，释放给工质的能量与所消耗燃料的净能之比。21.8T-质加热器效率workingfluidheaterefficiency在加热器中传递给工质的能量与所消耗燃料能量的净能之比。21.9燃烧室比压力损失combustorspecificpressureloss在燃烧室出口平面处工质质量流量加权平均总压与燃烧室进口平面处工质质量流量加权平均总压之差对燃烧室进口平面处工质质量流量加权总压之比。21.10燃料喷射压力fueli川ectionpressure燃料喷嘴进口处的燃料总压。21.11温度场系数temperaturepatternfactor燃烧室出口处的工质的最大温度与其平均温度之差对工质通过燃烧室的温升之比。注:大型姗气轮机典型的数值为。.1^-0.222回热式热交换器种类与型式22.1回热器regenerator见3.6。22.表面式回热器recuperator通过隔离膜板，把热从一种流体传递到另一流体的固定式热交换器。回转式回热器(再生式回热器)rotatingregenerator热交换器中的蓄热体在热流体和冷流体中交替旋转，从而把热量从热流体传递到冷流体。22.壳管式回热器shellandtuberecuperator热传导面是圆柱形管子组件的热交换器。注:高压的冷流体通常在管子的内侧，较热的排气在管子的外侧。管子的传热面可以通过翅片和/或销钉来增加。板式回热器platetyperecuperator传热面是一系列平板的热交换器。注:流体通过高而狭长的通道流动，通道的传热面可以通过翅片和/或柱形面来增加。www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-200223回热式热交换器结构23.1壳体shell用来支承和安装传热面的结构口注:它也可起到承压壳的作用。23.2换热器管heatexchangertube流体流动的通道，高压的冷流体在其内部流动。注:热排气包围着管子，这些管子的横截面通常是圆柱形。23.3换热器板heatexchangerplate热交换器的组件，通过把两块薄板焊接到隔离板条上而形成流动通道。这些板条把薄板连接在一起。23.4联箱header用来收集来自众多的热换器管束或板块间的流体的承压壳结构。23.5蓄热体matrix在回热式热交换器中进行交换吸收和释放热量给工质的材料。23.6端板endplate蓄热体端部的密封板，用来防止流体从回热器的高压侧流向低压侧。24回热式热交换器辅助设备及附件24吹灰器sootblower采用高压流体(蒸汽和空气)冲洗清除传热面的灰垢的设备。25回热式热交换器一般词汇25.1受热面积heatingsurfacearea把热量从热交换器的一侧传递到另一侧的热传递表面的有效面积。25.2受热表面的传热率heattransferrateofheatingsurface通过传热面，一种流体传递到另一种流体的热量的比率。注:它的单位是千焦耳每小时每平方米每摄氏度〔kJ/(h"m"·℃)口。，暇‘U回热式热交换器性能与试验六口乙U温度有效度temperatureeffectiveness被加热流体的实际温升与热、冷流体的初始温度的差值之比。能f有效度energyeffectiveness冷侧流体的质量流量与回热器冷侧的进、出口温度下工质的比熔差的乘积与热侧质量流量与回热器热侧进口温度下和冷侧进口温度下工质的比焙差的乘积之比。22www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-200226.3端差finaltemperaturedifference热侧进口温度和冷侧出口温度的温差。27联合循环和热电联供(见附录B中各种联合循环的示例)27.1无补烟型联合循环un-firedcombinedcycle所有的热量都从循环的燃气轮机部分加人的联合热力循环。注:通常这是各种联合循环中效率最高的循环，因为热量是在燃气轮机循环的较高温度下加人的.27.2补燃型联合循环supplementaryfiredcombinedcycle一部分热量是在工质已经通过燃气轮机后加人循环的联合热力循环。注:通常由于补燃，联合循环的出力得到显著提高，而循环效率有所下降。27.3排气全嫩型联合循环fullyfiredcombinedcycle是一种排气助燃型联合循环，工质中剩余的氧几乎全部与燃料发生化学反应。27.4增压锅炉型联合循环combinedsuperchargedboilerandgasturbinecycle蒸汽发生器放在循环的燃气侧的燃烧室之后和燃气透平之前的联合循环。27.5给水加热型联合循环feed-waterheatingheatrecoverycombinedcycle燃气轮机的排气主要用于加热给水的联合循环。27.6单轴联合循环single-shafttypecombinedcycle循环的有用输出功率来自一根轴的联合循环。27.7多轴联合循环multi-shafttypecombinedcycle循环的有用输出功率由一根以上轴输出的联合循环。27.8单压朗肯循环的联合循环combinedcyclewithsinglepressurelevelRankinecycle朗肯循环的工质是在一种压力下产生的联合循环。27.9多压朗肯循环的联合循环combinedcyclewithmulti-pressurelevelRankinecycle朗肯循环的工质是在一种以上的压力下产生，通过蒸汽透平所产生的压力值进行膨胀的联合循环。27.10再热朗肯联合循环reheatRankinecombinedcycle朗肯循环的工质在膨胀过程中在较低的压力下再次加热的联合循环。27.11热电联供cogeneration以串联形式同时产生两种以上的有用能量，例如先产生电能，然后产生工艺流程蒸汽。27.12余热锅炉(HRSG)beatrecoverysteamgenerator为有效利用较多的具有相当温度的燃气轮机的排气的能量而专门设计的蒸汽发生器。注:它可包含下列设备:补燃装置、可选择的催化反应器、过热器、再热器、多压蒸发器、除氧器、给水加热器、省煤器、旁路挡板和吹灰器.23www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002附录A(资料性附录)燃气轮机系统示例1—压气机;2-#R烧室;3-透平;4—负荷。图A.简单循环单轴燃气轮机1—回热器或换热器;2一燃烧室;3压气机;4—透平;5-负荷图A.2回热循环单轴燃气轮机www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002I-燃烧室;2—压气机;3—压气机透平;4一一动力透平;5—负荷。注:另二种双轴配置用虚线表示图A.3简单循环分轴燃气轮机(即带独立的动力透平)I一燃烧室;z-高压(H.P.)压气机;3-高压(H.I".)透平;4—中间冷却器;5—冷却剂;6再热燃烧室;?—低压((I.P.)压气机;8—低压(L.P.)透平;9—负荷图A.4中间冷却和再热循环(复合型)低压轴带负荷的多轴燃气轮机www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002气戈1—抽空气;2一燃烧室;3—抽热燃气;4一一压气机;5—透平;6—负荷图A.5抽空气和抽热姗气的单轴燃气轮机1—冷却剂;2—预冷器;3—回热器;4—热源;5—低压(L.P.)压气机;6-高压(H.P.)压气机;7—透平;8—负荷;9—中间冷却器图A.6单轴闭式循环燃气轮机www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-20021—压气机;2—透平;3—燃烧室;4—负荷;5—预冷器.图A.7半闭式循环燃气轮机www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002附录B(资料性附录)联合循环系统示例燃气透平5—负荷;6-燕汽透平;7-凝汽器图B.1无补燃型联合循环(单压蒸汽联合循环)4-燃气透平;5—负荷;6-蒸汽透平;7-姗料书8—凝汽器。图B.2补燃型联合循环www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-20021-锅炉;5—嫩气透平;2—燃料;6—负荷;3-A烧室;7蒸汽透平，4—压气机;8凝汽器。图B.3排气全姗型联合循环1—增压锅炉;7—蒸汽透平;z燕汽;e—给水加热器;3—负荷;s凝汽器吞a—压气机;10—空气;5-一嫩气透平;11-嫩气循环部分;s燃料;12-蒸汽循环部分。图B.4增压锅炉型联合循环www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-20021-锅炉;7—燃料;2-燕汽;8燕汽透平;3—负荷;9—给水加热器;4—压气机;1。—冷凝器;5-燃气透平;11--燃气循环部分;6—空气;12燕汽循环部分图B.5给水加热型联合循环1—余热锅炉;6-一凝汽器;2燕汽透平;7—燃烧室;3—负荷;8-蒸汽循环部分;4—压气机;9-M气循环部分。5-嫩气透平;图B.6单轴联合循环www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-20021—余热锅炉;2—负荷;3-—压气机;4燃气透平;5-燃烧室;6蒸汽透平;7—凝汽器;8—燃气循环部分;9—蒸汽循环部分。圈B.7多轴联合循环(两台烟气轮机和一台汽轮机)www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-20021—余热锅护(HRSG);7-燕汽透平;2—低压蒸汽，8—空气;3—高压燕汽;9燃料;4—负荷;10-凝汽器;5一压气机;11-燃气循环部分;6-燃气透平;12-燕汽循环部分。图B.8多压燕汽联合循环(以双压蒸汽循环为例)1一一锅炉;2-燃烧室;3—压气机;4燃气透平;5—负荷;6-燕汽透平;7—凝汽器.图B.9再热蒸汽联合循环www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002附录C(规范性附录)燃气轮机术语C1燃气轮机C.1.1种类和型式C.1.1.1整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)integratedcoal-gasificationcombinedcycle采用煤经气化后的煤气作为燃料的燃气一蒸汽联合循环，整个循环装置包括煤气化设备。C.1.1.2流化床联合循环fluidized-bedcombustioncombinedcycle采用增压流化床或常压流化床燃煤的联合循环。C.1.1.3总能系统totalenergysystem在系统中按照能量品位的高低进行梯级利用，使功、热(冷)与物料内能等各种能量之间的配合关系与转换利用取得优化的总效果。主要形式例如联合循环、功热并供和余热利用等。C.1.1.4多转子姗气轮机multi-spoolgasturbine具有压气机和透平直接连接的几个同心转子(通常为同心轴套、无中间冷却或再热)的一种多轴燃气轮机。C.1.1.5箱装式燃气轮机packagedgasturbine设置在箱体内的一种燃气轮机，以便于安装、运输、隔热、消声、消防和防震等。C.1.1.6航空派生(衍生)型姗气轮机aero-derivativegasturbine,aircraft-derivativegasturbine以航空涡轮发动机为基础改型、发展派生而成的非航空用途的一种轻型的燃气轮机。同义词:航机改型燃气轮机。C.1.1.7注燕汽燃气轮机steami川ectiongasturbine利用燃气轮机的排气通人余热锅炉产生蒸汽，再将其全部(或一部分)注人到燃烧室和/或高低压透平中，形成燃气蒸汽混合工质，到透平中膨胀作功的燃气轮机。C.1.1.8变n何燃气轮机variable-geometrygasturbine燃气轮机的通流部分中，由调节系统控制的通道的几何形状和尺寸随工况变化的要求而改变的燃气轮机。C.1.2原理、设计和运行C.1.2.1进气参数inletcondition压气机、燃烧室或透平等的进口处，工质的压力、温度等参数的总称。33www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002C.1.2.2出气参数outletcondition压气机、燃烧室或透平等的出口处，工质的压力、温度等参数的总称。C.1.2.3额定工况ratedcondition在规定的条件下，燃气轮机发出额定功率的运行工况。C.1.2.4设计工况designcondition在给定的设计参数下，按照设计要求，计算所得到基准工况。C.1.2.5运行点。peratingpoint压气机、姗烧室和透平等部件联合运行的工况。C.1.2.6变工况off-designcondition偏离设计工况或额定工况的其他运行工况。C.1.2.7转子临界转速criticalspeedofrotor使转子一支承系统产生共振时的特征转速。C.1.2.8静平衡staticbalancing调整转动零部件的质量分布，使在非旋转状态下测得的质心对应于几何中心的偏移量小于允许范围的工艺过程。C.1.2.9动平衡dynamicbalancing调整转子的质量分布，使其在旋转状态下测得的力与力偶和转子振型的不平衡量小于允许范围的工艺过程。C.1.2.10轴向推j7axialthrust机组运行时，作用在转子上的轴向力。C.1.2.11死点deadcenter静子相对于基础膨胀的固定点。同义词:绝对死点C.1.2.12相对死点，lativedeadcenter转子相对于静子膨胀的固定点。C.1.2.13冷态起动coldstarting机组的部件温度接近(可根据设计规定)室温状态下进行起动。C.1.2.14热态起动hotstarting机组停机后，其部件温度尚未降至冷态起动的温度而再次进行的起动。34www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135一2002C。1.2。15盘车turnin留barring起动前和停机后，使转子作低速(连续或断续的)转动。C.1.2.16热(是)挂thermalblockage燃气轮机在起动过程中，由于燃气温度上升过快，与机组升速率不协调而造成压气机严重失速。即使再增加燃料量，也不能使机组正常升速的现象。C.1.2.17起动机脱扣startercu卜off在起动过程中，当燃气轮机超过自持转速后，起动机脱开。C.1.2.18空负荷运行n介Ioadoperation机组在无输出功率状态下，维持规定转速运行。C。1.2。19负荷上升率rateofload一up单位时间内的负荷增加量。C.1.2.20基准压力调节levelp代ssurecontrol在闭式循环(燃)气轮机系统中，通过吸气阀吸人工质，或通过放气阀放出工质来改变系统工作压力及流量的调节方式。C.1.3辅助设备C.1.3.1电液调节系统elect价hydrauliccontrolsystem机组的转速、功率、压力等电信号经综合放大，用模拟量或数字量，通过电液转换器，操纵液压执行机构，以控制机组运行的调节系统。C.1.3.2转速变换器speedchan，r，synchronizer可在一定范围内平移调节系统的静态特性线，以整定机组转速或改变负荷的装置。同义词:同步器C.1.3.3报普保护系统alarmandprotectionsystem机组或各系统主要参数超出规定值，或出现异常情况时，发出报警，并进行必要的动作，甚至停机等保护机组安全的系统C。1。3.4燃料压力过低保护装置lowruelpressureprotectiondevi此当燃料供给压力低于规定值时，自动报警或使机组停机的保安装置。C.1.3.5(润)滑油压过低保护装置lowoilpressureprotectiondevice当润滑油压力低于规定值时，自动报警或使机组停机的保安装置。C.1.36(润)滑油温过高保护装置highoiltemperatureprotectiondevice当(润)滑油温度超过规定值时，自动报警或使机组停机的保安装置。35www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002C.1.3.7轴向位移保护装$axialdisplacementlimitingdevice机组运行过程中，当转子轴向位移量超过规定值时，使机组自动报警并停机的保安装置。C.1.3.8手动遮断装置manualtrippingdevice机组运行中发生异常情况时，直接手动停机的保安装置。C.1.3.9压力油系统actuatingoilsystem采用液压调节或电液调节系统的机组中，提供调节系统、控制系统以及盘车装置等设备的液压执行机构所用液压油的供油系统，包括油泵、油滤、阀门、管道等部件。C.1.3.10保温层lagging为了减少机组热辐射，在高温部件外面敷设的绝热材料层。C.1.4性能和试验C.1.4.1最大连续功率maximumcontinuouspower在规定条件下，动力装置输出端保持连续输出的最大功率。C.1.4.2极限功率limitpower由强度和结构条件所限定的动力装置输出端最大功率。C.1.4.3燃气轮机跳闸转速turbinetripspeed使超速保护装置自行动作以切断向燃气轮机供应燃料时的燃气轮机转速。C.1.4.4转速不等率speedgovernordroop从空负荷到满负荷的静态转速变化率。C.1.4.5迟缓率deadband当输人信号变化后，在执行机构不产生随动反应的一个区域。对转速迟缓率是用额定转速的百分数来表示。同义词:死区C.1.4.6惰转时间idletime机组在额定转速下从切断燃料开始到转子完全停止运转所经历的时间。C.1.4.7热能利用率heatutilization动力装置输出功与供给外界有用热量之和对于所消耗热量之比。C.1.4.8热损失heatloss所消耗的热量中没有被利用的那部分。C.1.4.9甩负荷试验loaddumptest机组在不同负荷下突然卸去负荷，以考核调节系统的动态特性的试验。www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002C.1.4.10热力性能试验thermodynamicperformancetest对机组功率、热耗率和效率等热力性能指标进行的考核试验。C.1.4.11验收试验acceptancetest为执行合同所规定的，以向用户证明符合合同规定标准中的某些条款的试验。C.1.4.12燕汽和/或水的喷注steamand/orwaterinjection向工质喷注蒸汽和/或水，以增加功率和/或减少排气中氮氧化合物的含量。C.1.4.13质f功率比(用于移动式燃气轮机)masstopowerratio(mobileapplications)燃气轮机总净质量与标准额定功率之比，用kg/kW表示。C.1.4.14温比temperatureratio燃气轮机的透平进气温度与压气机进气温度的比值。C.1.4.15燕汽空气比steam-airratio燃气一蒸汽联合循环中或蒸汽回注燃气轮机中，参与作功的蒸汽质量流量与燃气轮机压气机进口空气质量流量之比。C.1.4.16燕娜功比steam-gaspowerratio燃气一蒸汽联合循环中，蒸汽部分所输出的功率与燃气部分所输出功率之比。C.1.4.17功热比power-heatratio燃气一蒸汽联合循环中，输出的净机械功之和与供热量之和的比值C.1.4.18可靠性reliability成功地完成预期运行功能的概率。C.1.4.19可用性availability燃气轮机动力装置处于备用状态及使用状态的时间之和占总的消逝时间的百分比。C.1.4.20燃气轮机平均连续运行时间averagecontinuousrunningtimeofgasturbine燃气轮机累计运行时间与其总的起动次数的比值。C.1.4.21嫩气轮机的自动起动时间automaticstartingtimeofgasturbine燃气轮机由发出起动信号起至空负荷转速(慢车转速)时所需的时间。C.2压气机和透平C.2.1种类和型式C.2.1.1向心(式)透平centripetalturbine工质在膨胀过程中，基本上沿径向自外向内流动的透平。www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002C.2.1.2能f回收透平powerrecoveryturbine回收工艺流程中气体的能量来作功的透平。C.2.1.3冲动式透平impulseturbine工质主要在静叶(喷嘴)中进行膨胀的透平。C.2.1.4反动式透平reactionturbine工质在静叶(喷嘴)和动叶中进行膨胀的透平。C.2.2原理、设计和运行C.2.2.1折算流fcorrectedflow将机组在实际运行条件下的流量按相似原理折合到标准运行条件或规定条件下相应的流量。C.2.2.2速比velocityratio级的圆周速度与级中气流的理想速度或静叶(喷嘴)的出口气流速度之比。C.2.2.3反动度degreeofreactiona)透平「压气机〕动叶中等嫡烩降仁等嫡焙增〕与整个级的总等嫡熔降[总等嫡熔增〕之比，通常也称为热力学反动度。b)透平〔压气机口动叶中气体能量转换成[转换成气体能量」的作功量〔耗功量〕与整个级的总作功量[总耗功量〕之比，通常也称为运动学反动度。c)若不加说明，透平中的反动度一般指热力学反动度。C.2.2.4轮毅比tip-hubratio叶轮上叶身外径与内径之比值。C.2.2.5全压损失系数totalpressurelosscoefficient全压损失除以进口动压(对扩压流道)。全压损失除以出口动压(对膨胀流道)。C.2.2.6流f系数flowcoefficienta)气流轴向速度与叶片圆周速度的比值。b)通过叶栅或孔口等通道的实际流量与理想流量之比值。C.2.2.7速度系数velocitycoefficient透平静叶栅或动叶栅出口的气流实际速度与理想速度的比值。C.2.2.8通流部分flowpassage工作气流从压气机进气口到透平排气口流经的通道。C.2.2.9叶栅casscade由若干相同叶片，按一定几何规律排列而成的组合体。aRwww.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002C.2.2.10直叶片straightblade叶型与安装角沿叶高不变的叶片。C.2.2.11扭叶片twistedblade叶型与安装角(或者只有安装角)沿叶高变化的叶片。C.2.2.12叶(片)高(度)bladeheight叶片叶身部分的径向高度。C.2.2.13叶型bladeprofile叶片叶身部分的横剖面形状。C.2.2.14中弧线camberlinea)通过叶型内切圆切点的弦线中点的连接。b)叶型中所有内切圆圆心的连线。C.2.2.15叶型厚度bladeprofilethickness垂直叶型中弧线的直线和叶型的内、背弧相交的两点之间距离。叶型厚度的最大值称为最大叶型厚度。C.2.2.16弦长chorda)叶型在其弦线上的投影长度。b)中弧线前缘点和后缘点的连线长度。注:弦线指叶型内侧头部与尾部的公切线.C.2.2.17展弦比aspectratio叶片高度与平均弦长之比。C.2.2.18(叶栅)喉部面积throatarea叶栅最小的通流面积。C.2.2.19额线front连接叶栅中各叶型进气边对应点的线。C.2.2.20节距pitch叶栅中相邻两叶片上，对应点之间沿额线方向的距离。C.2.2.21安装角staggeranglea)叶型弦线与额线之间的夹角。b)叶型弦线与轴线之间的夹角。C.2.2.22(叶片)进口角bladeinletanglewww.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002a)叶型中弧线在前缘点的切线与叶栅额线之间的夹角。b)叶型中弧线在前缘点的切线与叶栅轴线之间的夹角。C.2.2.23(叶片)出口角bladeoutletanglea)叶型中弧线在后缘点的切线与叶栅额线之间的夹角。b)叶型中弧线在后缘点的切线与叶栅轴线之间的夹角。C.2.2.24叶型折转角camberangle在中弧线上前缘点的切线和后缘点的切线之间的夹角。C.2.2.25进气角flowinletanglea)叶栅进口处气流速度矢量与额线的夹角。b)叶栅进口处气流速度矢量与轴线的夹角。C.2.2.26冲角incidence叶片进口角与进气角之差。C.2.2.27出气角flowoutletanglea)叶栅出口处气流速度矢量与额线的夹角。b)叶栅出口处气流速度矢量与轴线的夹角。C.2.2.28落后角deviationangle出气角与叶片出口角之差。C.2.2.29气流折转角flowturningangle叶栅的进气与出气速度矢量之夹角。C.2.2.30速度三角形velocitytriangle将动叶栅进出口的气流速度矢量和动叶圆周速度矢量(相对速度、绝对速度、圆周速度)按一定比例画出的矢量三角形。C.2.2.31平面叶栅法methodofplanecascade根据平面叶栅风洞试验中得到的综合数据，设计通流部分的一种方法。C.2.2.32模型级法methodofmodellingstage根据单级模拟试验得到的特性数据，设计通流部分的一种方法。C.2.2.33流型flowpattern气流参数在静叶栅和/或动叶栅中沿径向变化的模式。C.2.2.34型面损失profileloss由叶片型面附面层中的摩擦、脱离现象和尾迹的涡流现象等所引起的能量损失。40www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002C.2.2.35环壁阻力损失annulusdragloss由于叶栅两端面附面层的气流摩擦和涡流所引起的损失。C.2.2.36二次流损失secondaryflowloss叶栅中主流方向之外的流动造成的损失，其中主要是两端壁面附近两个方向相反旋涡流所引起的损失。C.2.2.37静叶损失stationarybladeloss静叶的型面损失和端部损失之和。C.2.2.38动叶损失rotorbladeloss动叶型面损失和端部损失之和。C.2.2.39余速损失leavingvelocityloss出口气流所带走的动能。C.2.2.40轮盘摩擦损失disc-frictionloss轮盘转动时，与其周围的工质产生摩擦，并带动这部分工质运动，所消耗一部分有用功而引起的损失。C.2.2.41实际烙降(烩增)actualenthalpydrop(enthalpyrise)工质在膨胀(压缩)过程中，从进口初始滞止状态点到计及各种损失(包括静叶损失、动叶损失、轮盘摩擦损失、余速损失等)后的实际终态点之间的焙值之差。注:对压缩过程，在确定其终态滞止点时，应计及余速动能头，而不认为是余速损失。C.2.2.42轮周效率wheelefficiencya)单位质量工质在动叶上所作的功与级的等嫡烩降之比(透平)。b)单位质量工质由进口全压到出口静压的等嫡压缩功与级的实际耗功之比(压气机)。C.2.2.43级效率stageefficiencya)级的实际熔降与级的等嫡焙降之比(透平)。b)级的等嫡压缩功与级的实际耗功之比(压气机)。C.2.2.44刚性转子rigidrotor工作转速低于第一阶临界转速的转子。C.2.2.45挠性(柔性)转子flexiblerotor工作转速高于第一阶临界转速的转子。C.2.2.46轮系振动dise-coupledvibration由轮盘、叶片、围带等组成的轮系的振动。47www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002C.2.2.47轴系振动shaftingvibration由两根以上的轴机械地连接成的整个系统的振动。C.2.2.48气流弯应力gasflowbendingstress气流作用在叶片上的力所引起的弯应力。C.2.2.49热冲击thermalshock工作部件在非稳定工况时，由于温度急骤变化，从而产生很大的热应力的现象。C.2.2.50热疲劳thermalfatigue工作部件在温度反复变化下而产生较大的交变热应力，从而导致裂纹的萌生和扩展的过程。C.2.2.51热腐蚀hotcorrosion燃料中的钒或硫同钠等在燃烧后形成的化合物，附着于透平叶片等高温金属表面，使金属产生腐蚀的现象。C.2.2.52对流冷却convectioncooling冷却介质流经被冷却部件表面并带走热量的冷却方式。C.2.2.53气膜冷却airfilmcooling冷却介质从被冷却部件表面的一排或几排小孔或缝隙流出后，形成一层气膜，以遮护部件表面的冷却方式。C.2.2.54发散冷却transpirationcooling冷却介质从被冷却部件的内部透过整个细微多孔壁面，形成一层气膜，以遮护部件表面的冷却方式。C.2.2.55冲击冷却impingementcooling冷却介质以射流形式喷向被冷却部件的表面，并带走热量的冷却方式。C.2.3结构与零部件C.2.3.1进气缸(室)inletcasing(plenum)透平或压气机进气部分的壳体(舱室)。C.2.3.2排气缸(室)exhaustcasing(plenum)(foraturbine)，dischargecasing(plenum)(foracompres-sor)透平或压气机排气部分的壳体(舱室)。C.2.3.3转子体rotorwithoutblades未装动叶的转子。42www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002C.2.3.4空心叶片hollowblade为实现冷却，减少应力，调频以及加工工艺等目的而制成的具有内部空腔的透平叶片。C.2.3.5叶冠integral(tip)shroud叶片顶部周向延伸部分。相邻叶片的叶冠互相衔接成一整圈。C.2.3.6叶根bladeroot使叶片固定在轮盘(或转子体)、气缸(或持环)上的叶片部分。C.2.3.7长颈叶根longshankbladeroot为使透平轮盘冷却及叶片减振，在叶身之下具有可通过冷却空气的长颈部分的叶根。C.2.3.8隔叶块spacer装在相邻叶片根部间保持叶片节距及流道宽度用的零件。C.2.3.9锁口件lockingpiece最后装人气缸或叶轮，以某种特殊方法与之固定并对叶片起锁住作用的零件。同义词:锁块C.2.3.10定中系统centersupportsystem使机组在热胀或冷缩过程中，保持中心位置的系统。C.2.3.11气封sealing减少转子与静子间漏气的密封装置。C.2.4辅助设备C.2.4.1防喘装置surge-preventingdevice为了扩大压气机的稳定工作范围，防止发生喘振的装置。C.2.5性能和试验C.2.5.1内损失internalloss在通流部分中气体非等嫡过程所导致可用能量的损失。C.2.5.2外损失externalloss气体工作过程中除内损失以外的损失(主要是机械损失和轴端漏气损失)。C.2.5.3内效率internalefficiencya)实际熔降与等嫡烩降之比(透平)。b)等嫡压缩功与实际消耗的压缩功之比(压气机)。C.2.5.4重热系数reheatfactora)各级等嫡焙降总和对整机等嫡焙降的超量值与整机等嫡熔降之比(透平)。www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002b)各级等嫡压缩功总和对整机等嫡压缩功的超量值与整机等嫡压缩功之比(压气机)。C.2.5.5失速stall由于气流冲角过大而造成压气机叶片型面上气流附面层严重分离，致使压气机性能下降的现象。C.2.5.6喘振裕度surgemargin压气机的运行点离开该转速时的喘振点的裕量。C.2.5.7喘振边界surgelimit在压气机特性线图中，各等转速线上喘振起始点的连线。C.2.5.8阻塞极限chokinglimit在压气机特性线图中，各等转速线上阻塞起始点的连线。C.2.5.9压气机特性线compressorcharacteristiccurves表示压气机在不同工况下各性能参数(转速、压比、流量、效率等)之间关系的曲线。C.2.5.10透平特性线turbinecharacteristiccurves表示透平在不同工况下各性能参数(转速、膨胀比、流量、效率、功率等)之间关系的曲线。C.3供烧室C.3.1种类和型式C.3.1.1顺流式姗烧室straight-flowcombustor火焰管外侧空气的流动方向和火焰管中燃气主流方向一致的燃烧室。C.3.1.2逆流式燃烧室counterflowcombustor火焰管外侧空气的流动方向和火焰管中燃气主流方向相反的燃烧室。C.3.2原理、设计和运行C.3.2.1燃烧区combustionzone-燃料连续燃烧的区域。C.3.2.2回流区recirculatingzone在火焰管头部轴线附近的区域，在这区域内，气流的轴向速度与火焰管内主流轴向速度方向相反。C.3.2.3掺混区dilutionzone为降低高温燃气的温度，并得到符合要求的温度场而掺人空气的区域。C.3.2.4雾化atomization使燃油呈雾状颗粒的过程。C.3.2.5雾化细度atomizedparticlesize44www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002按规定的统计(或测量)方法得到的燃油雾化颗粒的平均直径(和颗粒直径分布)。C.3.2.6雾化锥角sprayconeangle燃油在喷嘴出口雾化所形成的锥形雾化区的锥角。C.3.2.7催化燃烧catalyticcombustion在催化剂作用下的燃烧的过程。C.3.2.8理论瀚烧温度theoreticalcombustiontemperature在绝热条件下燃料完全燃烧时，燃气所能达到的平均最高温度。C.3.2.9积炭carbondeposit燃料受热分解出的未燃炭粒或油垢在部件上的沉积。C.3.3结构与零部件C.3.3.1火焰稳定器flame-holder使燃烧区混合气体流速与火焰传播速度相匹配，以稳定火焰的部件。C.3.3.2瀚烧室外壳combustoroutercasing支撑火焰管等内部零件，承受内部压力的筒形或环形壳体。C.3.3.3旋流器swirler一种使空气作旋转运动，形成局部回流区的火焰稳定器。C.3.3.4喷油嘴fuelatomizer将燃油雾化并喷射到燃烧区的部件。按原理或结构分有:离心式喷油嘴、回油式喷油嘴、空气雾化喷油嘴、蒸发式喷油嘴和旋转式喷油嘴(甩油盘)等。同义词:燃油喷嘴C.3.3.5气体姗料喷嘴gasfuelnozzle向燃烧室喷人气体燃料的喷嘴。C.3.3.6双燃料喷嘴dualfuelnozzle具有两种燃料(液体燃料和气体燃料)通道，可并行或单独向燃烧室喷射燃料的喷嘴。C.3.4性能和试验C.3.4.1姗料系数fuelcoefficient过量空气系数的倒数。C.3.4.2全压恢复系数totalpressurerecoverfactor工质流过通道时，出口全压与人口全压之比。在燃气轮机燃烧室中为出口燃气的全压与人口空气的全压之比。同义词:全压保持系数45www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002C.3.4.3容积热强度volumetricheatreleaserate单位时间内，在单位容积中，燃料燃烧释放出来的热量。容积热强度与压强的比值称比容积热强度。C.3.4.4面积热强度areaheatreleaserate单位时间内，单位截面上燃料燃烧所释放出来的热量。面积热强度与压强的比值称为比面积热强度。C.3.4.5姗烧稳定性combustionstability不发生强烈的火焰脉动和熄火，维持稳定燃烧的特性。C.3.4.6熄火极限flamefailurelimit保持燃烧室稳定工作的燃料空气比(过量空气系数)的上下极限值。C.4回热器和冷却器C.4.1原理、设计和运行C.4.1.1对数平均温差logarithmic-meantemperaturedifference两种流体在热交换器中传热过程温差的积分的平均值。C.4.2结构与零部件C.4.2.1管束tubebundle,tubenest由一定数量的换热管按规定方式排列在一起的组合体。C.4.2.2管板tubeplate热交换器中固定换热管的板。C.4.3性能和试验C.4.3.1回热度regeneratoreffectiveness在回热器中空气所吸收的热量，与燃气温度降低到空气进口温度时燃气所释放出的理论热量之比口C.4.3.2燃气侧全压损失totalpressurelossforgasside燃气进人回热器到离开回热器的整个流程的全压损失。C.4.3.3空气III]全压损失totalpressurelossforairside空气进人回热器到离开回热器的整个流程的全压损失。C.4.3.4紧凑系数compactnessfactor热交换器单位体积所拥有的传热面积。www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002附录D(资料性附录)参考文献D.1ISO2314:1989,GasTurbines-Acceptancestestsforcombinedcycles.燃气轮机联合循环验收试验D.2ISO2533:1975,Standardatmosphere.标准大气D.3ISO3977:1991,GasTurbine-Procurement.燃气轮机采购瑞www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002中文索引出口温度·，··································⋯⋯10.6出口温度····································⋯⋯15.4安装角C.2.2.21出口压力····································⋯⋯10.5出口压力····································⋯⋯15.3出口压力·.........................................20.3板式回热器····，··························⋯⋯22.5出气参数······························⋯⋯C.1.2.2半闭式循环····································⋯⋯2.5出气角·································⋯⋯C.2.2.27半基本负荷额定输出功率(中间负荷额定输喘振··········································⋯⋯16.6出功率).······································⋯⋯6.10喘振边界······························⋯⋯C.2.5.7保护设备试验······························⋯⋯6.39喘振裕度······························⋯⋯C.2.5.6保护系统··································⋯⋯4.11吹灰器·······································⋯⋯24.1保温层·································⋯⋯C.1.3.10催化燃烧······························⋯⋯C.3.2.7报警保护系统························⋯⋯C.1.3.3备用尖峰负荷额定输出功率(应急尖峰负荷额定输出功率)······························⋯⋯6.9大修··········································⋯⋯5.23比功率······································⋯⋯6.33单压朗肯循环的联合循环···············⋯⋯27.8比燃烧强度·································⋯⋯21.6单轴联合循环······························⋯⋯27.6闭式循环·······································⋯⋯2.4单轴燃气轮机······························⋯⋯2.13变工况·································⋯⋯C.1.2.6当量比·······································⋯⋯21.3变几何燃气轮机·····················⋯⋯C.1.1.8等嫡功率····································⋯⋯16.3标准参考条件······························⋯⋯6.37等嫡效率····································⋯⋯n3标准大气····································⋯⋯6.36等嫡效率····································⋯⋯16.4标准额定输出功率···························⋯⋯6.4低排放燃烧室······························⋯⋯17.9表面式回热器······························⋯⋯22.2低压透平·······································⋯⋯8.3补燃型联合循环···························⋯⋯27.2低压压气机································⋯⋯13.1点火··········································⋯⋯5.n点火转速····································⋯⋯6.18掺混区·······························⋯⋯C.3.2.3点火装置····································⋯⋯19.3长颈叶根······························⋯⋯C.2.3.7电液调节系统·····················⋯⋯C.1.3.1超速控制装置······························⋯⋯4.12调节系统·······································⋯⋯4.5超速遮断装置······························⋯⋯4.12定中系统······························⋯⋯C.2.3.10超温保护装置······························⋯⋯4.14动力透平·······································⋯⋯7.4超温检测器·································⋯⋯4.15动平衡·································⋯⋯C.1.2.9超温控制装置······························⋯⋯4.14动叶片······································⋯⋯8.12迟缓率·································⋯⋯C.1.4.5动叶片·······································⋯⋯13.9冲动式透平···························⋯⋯C.2.1.3动叶损失······························⋯⋯C.2.2.38冲击冷却······························⋯⋯C.2.2.55堵塞·········································⋯⋯16.9冲角···································⋯⋯C.2.2.26端板··········································⋯⋯23.6抽气··········································⋯⋯15.7端差··········································⋯⋯26.3抽气式燃气轮机···························⋯⋯2.18对流冷却··············，··············⋯⋯C.2.2.52出口导叶······，·····························⋯⋯13.14对数平均温差························⋯⋯C.4.1.1a8www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002多变效率····································⋯⋯11.4管束····································⋯⋯C.4.2.1多变效率····································⋯⋯16.5过量空气比·································⋯⋯21.4多压朗肯循环的联合循环27.9多轴联合循环一27.7多轴燃气轮机航空派生(衍生)型燃气轮机······⋯⋯C.1.1.6多转子燃气轮机C.1.1.4黑起动······································⋯⋯5.10惰转时间C.1.4.6恒功率运行····································⋯⋯5·4恒温运行·······································⋯⋯5.3环壁阻力损失························⋯⋯C.2.2.35额定工况······························⋯⋯C.1.2.3环管形燃烧室······························⋯⋯17.4额定输出功率·································⋯⋯6.1环形燃烧室·································⋯⋯17.3额定转速····································⋯⋯6.15换热器板····································⋯⋯23.3额线····································⋯⋯C.2.2.19换热器管····································⋯⋯23.2二次空气····································⋯⋯20.8回流区·································⋯⋯C.3.2.2二次流损失···························⋯⋯C.2.2.36回热度·································⋯⋯C.4.3.1二次燃烧区·································⋯⋯20.6回热器··········································⋯⋯3.6回热器·······································⋯⋯22.1回热循环······································⋯⋯2.9发散冷却······························⋯⋯C.2.2.54回转式回热器(再生式回热器)·········⋯⋯22.3反动度·································⋯⋯C.2.2.3火焰检测器·································⋯⋯19.4反动式透平···························⋯⋯C.2.1.4火焰失效遮断装置························⋯⋯4.16防喘装置······························⋯⋯C.2.4.1火焰筒·······································⋯⋯18.1放气··········································⋯⋯15.8火焰稳定器···························⋯⋯C.3.3.1放气阀·······································⋯⋯4.27飞升转速····································⋯⋯6.21分管形燃烧室······························⋯⋯17.2机械损失····································⋯⋯6.34辅助负荷·······································⋯⋯6.5机械效率····································⋯⋯11.2负荷齿轮箱(主齿轮箱).····················⋯⋯4.1机械效率·.........................................16.2负荷上升率···························⋯⋯C.1.2.19积炭···································⋯⋯C.3.2.9基本负荷额定输出功率···················⋯⋯6.8基准压力调节························⋯⋯C.1.2.20刚性转子······························⋯⋯C.2.2.44级·..................................................8.18高压透平·······································⋯⋯8.1级·············································⋯⋯13.16高压压气机·································⋯⋯13.3级效率·································⋯⋯C.2.2.43隔板··········································⋯⋯13.11极限功率·...................................C.1.4.2隔叶块·································⋯⋯C.2.3.8极限输出功率······························⋯⋯6.11给水加热型联合循环·····················⋯⋯27.5加热器·······································⋯⋯17.8工质加热器····································⋯⋯34加载时间···································⋯⋯5.14工质加热器效率···························⋯⋯21.8尖峰负荷额定输出功率·····················⋯⋯6.7功热比·································⋯⋯C.1.4.17简单循环·······································⋯⋯2.8固定式燃气轮机···························⋯⋯2.15渐进失速····································⋯⋯16.7关键(部件)检查···························⋯⋯5.22节距··································⋯⋯C.2.2.20管板····································⋯⋯C.4.2.2紧凑系数········，····················⋯⋯C.4.3.449www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002进口导叶····································⋯⋯13.13冷却叶片····································⋯⋯8.17进口空气流量··················，···········⋯⋯16.6冷态起动······························⋯⋯C.1.2.13进口温度··························，·········一15.2离心式压气机·········，···················⋯⋯12.3进口温度····································⋯⋯20.2理论(化学计量)燃料空气比············⋯⋯21.2进口压力····································⋯⋯15.1理论燃烧温度························⋯⋯C.3.2.8进口压力····································⋯⋯20.1联合循环····································⋯⋯2.12进气参数····························⋯⋯C.1.2.1联箱········································⋯⋯23.4进气道······································⋯⋯4.22联焰管·······································⋯⋯18.3进气缸(室)···························⋯⋯C.2.3.1临界转速····································⋯⋯6.20进气过滤器·.....................................4.24流化床联合循环·····················⋯⋯C.1.1.2进气角·································⋯⋯C.2.2.25流量系数······························⋯⋯C.2.2.6进气压力··，，································⋯⋯10.1流型····································⋯⋯C.2.2.33径流式透平····································⋯⋯7.3轮毅比·································⋯⋯C.2.2.4径流式压气机······························⋯⋯12.3轮盘摩擦损失·······················⋯⋯C.2.2.40静平衡·································⋯⋯C.1.2.8轮系振动······························⋯⋯C.2.2.46静叶··········································⋯⋯8.13轮周效率······························⋯⋯C.2.2.42静叶片·······································⋯⋯8.13落后角·································⋯⋯C.2.2.28静叶片·······································⋯⋯13.10静叶损失······························⋯⋯C.2.2.37静子··········································⋯⋯8.13面积热强度C.3.4.4静子··········································⋯⋯13.10模型级法二C.2.2.32开式循环·····································⋯⋯2.3内气缸··········································⋯⋯8.6颗粒分离器·······························⋯⋯14.3内燃式燃气轮机··········，·····，············⋯⋯2.6壳管式回热器·····························.⋯⋯224内损失································⋯⋯C.2.5.1壳体··········································⋯⋯23.1内效率·································⋯⋯C.2.5.3可调静叶片································⋯⋯8.16挠性(柔性)转子·····················⋯⋯C.2.2.45可调静叶片·································⋯⋯13.12能量回收透平························⋯⋯C.2.1.2可靠性·······························⋯⋯C.1.4.18能量有效度·......................................26.2可用性·································⋯⋯C.1.4.19逆流式燃烧室························⋯⋯C.3.1.2空负荷运行···························⋯⋯C.1.2.18扭叶片·······························⋯⋯CZ.2.n空负荷转速···························...⋯⋯6.17空气侧全压损失·····················⋯⋯C.4.3.3空气充气系统······························⋯⋯4.26排气道·······································⋯⋯4.23空心叶片······························⋯⋯C.2.3.4排气缸(室)···························⋯⋯C.2.3.2控制系统·······································⋯⋯4.4排气流量····································⋯⋯10.8快速起动·······································⋯⋯5.9排气全燃型联合循环·····················⋯⋯27.3扩压器··········································⋯⋯8.7盘车····································⋯⋯C.1.2.15扩压器·······································⋯⋯13.15盘车装置·······································⋯⋯4.2旁路控制····································⋯⋯5.17一旁路控制····································⋯⋯5.18冷却盘车喷油嘴·································⋯⋯C.3.3.450www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002膨胀比(压比)10.7燃气轮机平均连续运行时间······⋯⋯C.1.4.20平面叶栅法·C.2.2.31燃气轮机跳闸转速·················⋯⋯C.1.4.3燃气温度控制器······························⋯⋯4.9燃烧器出口温度···························⋯⋯10.3起动············································⋯⋯5.7燃烧强度····································⋯⋯21.5起动次数····································⋯⋯5.15燃烧区·································⋯⋯C.3.2.1起动机脱扣···························⋯⋯C.1.2.17燃烧室··········································⋯⋯3.3起动设备······································⋯⋯4.3燃烧室·······································⋯⋯17.1起动时间····································⋯⋯5.13燃烧室比压力损失························⋯⋯21.9起动特性试验······························⋯⋯6.38燃烧室出口温度···························⋯⋯10.3起动特性图····································⋯⋯5.6燃烧室出口温度·................................20.4气封····································⋯⋯C.2.3.11燃烧室检查·································⋯⋯5.20气缸·············································⋯⋯8.4燃烧室外壳···························⋯⋯C.3.3.2气缸··········································⋯⋯13.4燃烧室效率·································⋯⋯21.7气流弯应力···························⋯⋯C.2.2.48燃烧稳定性···························⋯⋯C.3.4.5气流折转角···························⋯⋯C.2.2.29热(悬)挂·····························⋯⋯C.1.2.16气膜冷却······························⋯⋯C.2.2.53热冲击·································⋯⋯C.2.2.49气体膨胀透平·································⋯⋯7.6热电联供····································⋯⋯27.11气体燃料喷嘴························⋯⋯C.3.3.5热腐蚀·································⋯⋯C.2.2.51清吹··········································⋯⋯5.16热耗··········································⋯⋯6.30全压恢复系数························⋯⋯C.3.4.2热耗率·······································⋯⋯6.31全压损失系数························⋯⋯C.2.2.5热力性能试验························⋯⋯C.1.4.10热能利用率···························⋯⋯C.1.4.7热疲劳·································⋯⋯C.2.2.50燃料处理设备···················，··········⋯⋯4.19热平衡·······································⋯⋯6.32燃料供给系统······························⋯⋯4.20热损失·································⋯⋯C.1.4.8燃料空气比·································⋯⋯21.1热态起动······························⋯⋯C.1.2.14燃料控制系统·································⋯⋯4.6热通道检查·································⋯⋯5.21燃料流量分配器···························⋯⋯19.2热效率·······································⋯⋯6.26燃料流量控制阀···························⋯⋯4.10容积热强度···························⋯⋯C.3.4.3燃料喷射压力······························⋯⋯21.10(润)滑油温过高保护装置·········⋯⋯C.1.3.6燃料喷嘴····································⋯⋯19.1(润)滑油压过低保护装置·········⋯⋯C.工.3.5燃料切断阀·································⋯⋯4.13润滑油系统·································⋯⋯4.18燃料系数······························⋯⋯C.3.4.1燃料消耗量·································⋯⋯6.28燃料消耗率·································⋯⋯6.29设计工况······························⋯⋯C.1.2.4燃料压力过低保护装置············⋯⋯C.1.3.4失速····································⋯⋯C.2.5.5燃料注人泵·································⋯⋯4.21实际熔降(焙增)·············，·······⋯⋯C.2.2.41燃气侧全压损失····················⋯⋯C.4.3.2手动遮断装置························⋯⋯C.1.3.8燃气发生器····································⋯⋯3.5受热表面的传热率························⋯⋯25.2燃气轮机······································⋯⋯2.1受热面积···································⋯⋯25.1燃气轮机的自动起动时间·········⋯⋯C.1.4.21输出功率性能图···························⋯⋯6.12燃气轮机动力装晋···························⋯⋯2.2甩负荷试验·································⋯⋯6.4051www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002甩负荷试验························，··⋯⋯C.1.4.9雾化C.3.2.4双燃料喷嘴···························⋯⋯C.3.3.6雾化细度C.3.2.5双燃料系统·························，······⋯⋯4.30雾化锥角C.3.2.6顺流式燃烧室························⋯⋯C.3.1.1死点····································⋯⋯C.1.2.11速比····································⋯⋯C.2.2.2熄火极限······························⋯⋯C.3.4.6速度三角形···························⋯⋯C.2.2.30熄火遮断装置·····························⋯⋯4.17速度系数·····························⋯⋯C.2.2.7弦长···································⋯⋯C.2.2.16锁口件·································⋯⋯C.2.3.9现场额定输出功率···························⋯⋯6.6一35现场条件l2一相对死点C.1.2.特性图⋯箱装式燃气轮机·····················⋯⋯C.1.1.5通流部分C.2.2.8向心(式)透平························⋯⋯C.2.1.1筒形燃烧室·····························⋯⋯17.5消音器·····································⋯⋯4.25透平············································⋯⋯3.1新的和清洁的状态··························⋯⋯6.2透平·············································⋯⋯7.1新的和清洁的状态·................................6.3透平参考进口温度··，·················⋯⋯10.2型面损失·····························⋯⋯C.2.2.34透平隔板····································⋯⋯8.15修正热效率·······························⋯⋯6.27透平进口温度···························⋯⋯10.3修正输出功率····························⋯⋯6.13透平轮盘·······································⋯⋯8.9修正转速·.........................................6.19透平喷嘴···································⋯⋯8.14蓄热体······································⋯⋯23.5透平清洗设备····························.....⋯⋯9.1旋流器·································⋯⋯C.3.3.3透平输出功率······························⋯⋯11.1旋转方向··········，···························⋯⋯5.1透平特性线···························⋯⋯C.2.5.10旋转失速····································⋯⋯16.8透平叶轮··································⋯⋯8.10透平遮断转速······························⋯⋯6.16透平转子·······································⋯⋯8.8压比··········································⋯⋯15.5透平转子进口温度························⋯⋯10.4压力控制···································⋯⋯5.19压力油系统···························⋯⋯C.1.3.9W压气机···········...................................3.2外壳··········································⋯⋯18.2压气机·······································⋯⋯12.1外气缸··········································⋯⋯8.5压气机进气防冰系统·····················⋯⋯14.1外燃式燃气轮机······························⋯⋯2.7压气机轮盘································⋯⋯13.6外损失··············，··················⋯⋯C.2.5.2压气机清洗系统··························⋯⋯14.2温比···································⋯⋯C.1.4.14压气机输人功率···························⋯⋯16.1温度场系数·········，·····················⋯⋯21.11压气机特性线························⋯⋯C.2.5.9温度有效度·································⋯⋯26.1压气机透平··································..⋯⋯7.5稳定性时间···························....⋯⋯6.23压气机叶轮·································⋯⋯13.7稳态转速····································⋯⋯6.22压气机转子·································⋯⋯13.5稳态转速不等率···························⋯⋯6.25验收试验······························⋯⋯C.1.4.11稳态转速调节·····························⋯⋯6.25叶(片)高(度)························⋯⋯C.2.2.12稳态转速增量调节························⋯⋯6.24叶根····································⋯⋯C.2.3.6无补燃型联合循环························⋯⋯27.1叶冠····································⋯⋯C.2.3.5www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002叶片··········································⋯⋯8.H蒸汽空气比··························⋯⋯C.1.4.15叶片··········································⋯⋯13.8蒸燃功比·····························⋯⋯C.1.4.16叶片········，·······，，························⋯⋯13.10整体煤气化联合循环((IGCC)······⋯⋯C.1.1.1(叶片)出口角························⋯⋯C.2.2.23正常起动······································⋯⋯5.8(叶片)进口角·····················⋯⋯C.2.2.22直叶片·······························⋯⋯C.2.2.10叶型··································⋯⋯C.2.2.13质量功率比(用于移动式燃气轮机)⋯C.1.4.13叶型厚度······························⋯⋯C.2.2.15中弧线·································⋯⋯C.2.2.14叶型折转角·························⋯⋯C.2.2.24中间冷却器·································⋯⋯3.8叶栅···································⋯⋯C.2.2.9中间冷却循环(间冷循环)···············⋯⋯2.10(叶栅)喉部面积·····················⋯⋯C.2.2.18中压透平·······································⋯⋯8.2一次空气····································⋯⋯20.7中压压气机·································⋯⋯13.2一次燃烧区······················，·····，····⋯⋯20.5重热系数······························⋯⋯C.2.5.4移动式燃气轮机·········，·················⋯⋯2.16轴流式透平····································⋯⋯7.2余热锅炉(HRSG).........................·一27.12轴流式压气机···，························⋯⋯12.2余速损失·····························⋯⋯C.2.2.39轴输出功率·································⋯⋯6.14预冷器··········································⋯⋯3.7轴系振动······························⋯⋯C.2.2.47运行点·································⋯⋯C.1.2.5轴向推力······························，·⋯C.1.2.10轴向位移保护装置·················⋯⋯C.1.3.7注蒸汽/注水设备··························⋯⋯4.29再热朗肯联合循环························⋯⋯27.10注蒸汽燃气轮机·····················⋯⋯C.1.1.7再热燃烧室·································⋯⋯17.6转速变换器····································⋯⋯4.8再热燃烧室································⋯⋯17.7转速变换器··························⋯⋯C.1.32再热循环····································⋯⋯2.n转速不等率···························⋯⋯C.1.4.4增压锅炉型联合循环···················⋯⋯27.4转速调节器····································⋯⋯4.7展弦比·································⋯⋯C.2.2.17转子临界转速·························，⋯C.1.2.7罩壳··········································⋯⋯4.28转子体·································⋯⋯C.2.3.3折算流量·················，，··········⋯⋯C.2.2.1着火··········································⋯⋯5.12折算热效率·········，，························，⋯6.27自持转速·······································⋯⋯5.2折算输出功率······························⋯⋯6.13自由活塞燃气轮机·.............................2.17折算转速·································⋯⋯6.19总能系统····························⋯⋯C.1.1.3蒸发冷却器····································⋯⋯3.9阻塞极限·····························⋯⋯C.2.5.8蒸汽和/或水的喷注···············⋯⋯C.1.4.12最大连续功率························⋯⋯C.1.4.1www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002英文索引AacceptancetestC.1.4.11actualenthalpydrop(enthalpyrise)C.2.2.41actuatingoilsystemC.1.3.9aero-derivativegasturbine,aircraft-derivativegasturbineC.1.1.:62airchargingsystem4aufilmcoolingC22贺ajrintakeduct4alarmandprotectionsystem·····························································，·············⋯⋯C.1.3.3annularcombustor·，·····································。。···········································，····⋯⋯17.3annulusdragloss·，··，················································································⋯⋯C.2.2.35areaheatreleaserate·。···························。·····。···············································⋯⋯C.3.4.4aspectratio····························································，·······················，··········⋯⋯C.2.2.17atomization····················，·····。··························。························，·····。。·········⋯⋯C.3.2.4atomizedparticlesize···················································································⋯⋯C.3.2.5automaticstartingtimeofgasturbine·······················································⋯⋯C.1.4.21auxiliaryloads.............·······················································································，，二6.5availability································································，······················，········⋯⋯C.1.4.19averagecontinuousrunningtimeofgasturbine···············································⋯⋯C.1.4.20axialdisplacementlimitingdevice············，·························································一C.1.3.7axialflowcompressor·······················································································⋯⋯12.2axialflowturbine····························，··························，·····································⋯⋯7.2axialthrust················································，·····。··········································。⋯C.1.2.10Bbaseloadratedoutput······················，·····························································....⋯⋯6.Sblackstart····································································································⋯⋯5.10blade··························，·······································································，············⋯⋯8.11blade··············································································································⋯⋯13.8bladeheight·································，·······················································⋯⋯C.2.2.12bladeinletangle······································································，·················⋯⋯C.2.2.22bladeoutletangle·········，·····，···································································⋯⋯C.2.2.23bladeprofile·································································，························⋯⋯C.2.2.13bladeprofilethickness····················，·······，········································..·.....·⋯⋯C.2.2.15bladeroot···········································································。····················，⋯⋯C.2.3.6bleedair/extractionair·································，，······································，·，·······⋯⋯15.7卜low-off········。·。·············································。。·························。······。··········⋯⋯15.8blow-offvalve························，··············································。。⋯⋯4.27burneroudettemperature····························································⋯⋯10.3by-passcontrol5.1754www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002by-passcontrol5.18C24camberangleC.2.2.14camberlineC.2.2.canannularcombustorcan-typecombustor::.:carbondeposit···⋯⋯C.3.29casing183:casingcasscade·································································································⋯⋯C.2.2.9catalyticcombustion···············································，··································⋯⋯C.3.2.7centersupportsystem·······································································，········⋯⋯C.2.3.10centrifugalcompressor·······················，·······························································⋯⋯12.3centripetalturbine···························································，················，·······⋯⋯C.2.1.1choking········································································································⋯⋯16.9chokinglimit···············，·······················，·····················································⋯⋯C.2.5.8chord···。·····。······。·····。·····。····。······。·····。···········。·······，··················，···············⋯⋯C.2.2.16closed-cycle·································································································⋯⋯2.4cogeneration··································································································⋯⋯27.11coldstarting·········，·····，·····，·······································································⋯⋯C.1.2.13combinedcycle··························································································⋯⋯2.12combinedcyclewithmulti-pressurelevelRankinecycle·············································⋯⋯27.9combinedcyclewithsinglepressurelevelRankinecycle···········································⋯⋯27.8combinedsuperchargedboilerandgasturbinecycle···················································⋯⋯27.4combustionc卜amber⋯⋯，......······················。····，·········。···········，·······················⋯⋯3.3combustionchamber·····。·····。············。·····················。。··········。。·····························⋯⋯17.1combustionintensity··························································································⋯⋯21.5combustionliner/combustorcan/combustorbasket/flametube····································⋯⋯18.1combustionstability··················································································⋯⋯C.3.4.5combustionzone···········。。····。·····。······。。······。············。。······。·····。··············。·····。···⋯⋯C.3.2.1combustorefficiency··························································································⋯⋯21.7combustorinspection··························································································⋯⋯5.20combustoroutercasing·············································································⋯⋯C.3.3.2combustoroutlettemperature··············································································⋯⋯10.3combustorspecificpressureloss···········································································⋯⋯21.9compactnessfactor···················································，···········，·····················⋯⋯C.4.3.4compressor··························································，··········································⋯⋯3.2compressor·····························································，····································⋯⋯12.1compressorcharacteristiccurves····························································⋯⋯C.2.5.9compressordisc······················，······································································，·⋯⋯13.6compressorinputpower····················································，··························⋯⋯16.1compressorintakeanti-icingsystem·····································································⋯⋯14.155www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002compressorrotor····························································································⋯⋯13.5compressorturbine...................................................................................................7.5compressorwashingsystem·····································································，·········⋯⋯14.2compressorwheel·····························································································⋯⋯13.7constantpoweroperation····················································································⋯⋯5.4constanttemperatureoperation·····································，.·······································⋯⋯5.3controlsystem···································································································⋯⋯4.4convectioncooling······················································································⋯⋯C.2.2.52cooledblade··························。·。·················。·········。·················。·····················。··⋯⋯8.17coolingdown·····································································································⋯⋯5.5correctedflow················。····。·。···················。······。·······················。·················。·。·⋯C.2.2.1correctedoutput······························································································⋯⋯6.13correctedspeed································································································⋯⋯6.19correctedthermalefficiency·················································································⋯⋯6.27counterflowcombustor·················································································⋯⋯C.3.1.2criticalspeed···························································································⋯⋯‘·⋯⋯6.20criticalspeedofrotor····················································································⋯⋯C.1.2.7crossflametube/inter-connector/crossfiretube/crosslighttube·································⋯⋯18.3Ddeadband········⋯⋯C.1.4.5deadcenter·····。⋯⋯C.1.2.11deepstall·········⋯⋯16.7degreeofreactionC.2designconditionC。1.2.4deviationangleC.2.2.28diaphragm·······⋯⋯13.11diffuser⋯⋯8.7diffuser13.15dilutionzone········一C.3.2.3directionofrotation·⋯⋯5.1disc-coupledvibrationC.2.2.46disc-frictionloss···一C.2.2.40dualfuelnozzleC.3.3.6dualfuelsystem⋯⋯··⋯4.30dynamicbalancingC.1.2.9Eelectro-hydrauliccontrolsystem·····································································⋯⋯C.1.3.1enclosures···。。··。··················································。。·····。···································。···一4.28endplate·········································································································⋯⋯23.6energyeffectiveness··························································································⋯⋯26.2equivalenceratio································································································⋯⋯21.356www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002evaporativecooler·······························································································⋯⋯3.9excessairratio·········，·······································································。······。。。·····。⋯21.4exhaustcasing(plenum)(foraturbine)/dischargecasing(plenum)(foracompressor)⋯C.2.3.2exhaustduct··········。。····。·····。·····。·。······。············。······。·······。·································⋯⋯4.23exhaustgasflow····························································································⋯⋯10.8externalcombustiongasturbine···········································································⋯⋯2.7externalloss·········。···························。。······。。····。。。······。。··································⋯⋯C.2.5.2extractiongasturbine/bledgasturbine················································-·················⋯⋯2.18Ffaststart·。。······。。。··。。。····。。···。·。···。。·····。。。····。······。·······。·········································。·⋯⋯5.9feed-waterheatingheatrecoverycombinedcycle······················································⋯⋯27.5finaltemperaturedifference·················································································⋯⋯26.3flamedetector·····························································。·····。·······。······。。。·············⋯⋯19.4flamefailurelimit·······················································································⋯⋯C.3.4.6flame-failuretrippingdevice·················································································⋯⋯4.16flame-holder.............················································································⋯⋯C.3.3.1flame-outtrippingdevice····················································································⋯⋯4.17flexiblerotor.............................································································⋯⋯C.2.2.45flowcoefficient.......··················································································⋯⋯C.2.2.6flowinletangle·······················································································⋯⋯C.2.2.25flowoutletangle························································································，⋯C.2.2.27flowpassage································································································⋯⋯C.2.2.8flowpattern·····························································································⋯⋯C.2.2.33flowturningangle·························································································一C.2.2.29fluidized-bedcombustioncombinedcycle····························································⋯⋯C.1.1.2freepistonturbine····························································································⋯⋯2.17front······································································································⋯⋯C.2.2.19fuelatomizer···························································，···································⋯⋯C.3.3.4fudcoefficient········.·.··.·············································································⋯⋯C.3.4.1fuelcons6mption·····························································································⋯⋯6.25fuelcontrolsystem····························································································⋯⋯4.6fuelflowcontrolvalve·······················································································⋯⋯4.10fuelflowdivider··································································································一19.2fuelinjectionpressure························································································一21.10fuelinjectionpump··························································································⋯⋯4.21fuelinjector······································································································⋯⋯19.1fuelshut-offvalve·····························································································⋯⋯4.13fuelsupplysystem·····························································································⋯⋯4.20fueltreatmentequipment····················································································⋯⋯4.19fuel-airratio···································································································⋯⋯21.1fullyfiredcombinedcycle···················································································⋯⋯27.357www.bzfxw.com 15135-2002G·。。⋯7.6gasexpanderturbinegasflowbendingstressC.2.2.48fuelnozzle········⋯⋯C.3.3.5gasgasgeneratorgastemperaturecontrollergasturbinegasturbinepowerplantgoverningsystemHheaderheatbalance························⋯⋯6.32heatconsumption⋯6.30heatexchangerplate23.3heatexchangertube23.2heatloss01.4.8八1j1heatrate6l0盆heatrecoverysteamgenerator/HRSG户n乙heattransferrateofheatingsurface272.5‘heatutilization。···················。·····一C.1.4.7heater17.8heatingsurfacearea⋯25.1highoiltemperatureprotectiondeviceC.1.3.6highpressurecompressor”’“·”“““‘⋯13.3highpressureturbine··⋯8.1hollowblade············⋯⋯””’·“””‘’C.2.3.4hot哎1JcorrosionC.2.2.hot八，乙··⋯5.1sectioninspection1hot月starting······⋯⋯C.1.2.11Iidletime·······⋯⋯”····················································································⋯⋯C.1.4.6idlingspeed·····································································································⋯⋯6.17ignition·········································································································⋯⋯5.11ignitionequipment·····························································································⋯⋯19.3ignitionspeed···································································································⋯⋯6.18impingementcooling·············································································。。·····⋯⋯C.2.2.55impulseturbine·········································································，·····。·········⋯⋯C.2.1.3incidence··············。。·。····························。。················。···············。··················⋯⋯C.2.2.26inletairflow···。······························。·。。················。。。··············。。·······················。··⋯⋯16.6inletcasing(plenum)·························································。··························⋯⋯C.2.3.158www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002inletcondition·····························································································⋯⋯C.1.2.1inletguidevanes·····························································································⋯⋯13.13inletpressure···································································································⋯⋯10.1inletpressure···································································································⋯⋯15.1inletpressure···································································································⋯⋯20.1inlettemperature·····························································································⋯⋯15.2inlettemperature·····························································································⋯⋯20.2innercasing······································································································⋯⋯8.6intakeairfilter································································································⋯⋯4.24integral(tip)shroud..........................................................................................C.2.3.5integratedcoal-gasificationcombinedcycle·························································⋯⋯C.1.1.1intercooledcycle································································································⋯⋯2.10intercooler·········································································································⋯⋯3.8intermediatepressurecompressor·······································································⋯⋯13.2intermediatepressureturbine·················································································⋯⋯8.2internalcombustiongasturbine··············································································⋯⋯2.6internalefficiency·······················································································⋯⋯C.2.5.3internalloss································································································⋯⋯C.2.5.1isentropicefficiency··························································································⋯⋯11.3isentropicefficiency··························································································⋯⋯16.4isentropicpower································································································⋯⋯16.3Llagging···································································································⋯⋯C.1.3.10leavingvelocityloss····················································································⋯⋯C.2.2.39levelpressurecontrol·················································································⋯⋯C.1.2.20light-off·········································································································⋯⋯5.12limitpower································································································⋯⋯C.1.4.2loaddumptest·····························································································⋯⋯C.1.4.9loadrejectiontest··························································································⋯⋯6.40loadingtime···································································································⋯⋯5.14lockingpiece································································································⋯⋯C.2.3.9logarithmic-meantemperaturedifference................................................................C.4.1.1longshankbladeroot····················································································⋯⋯C.2.3.7lowfuelpressureprotectiondevice··································································⋯⋯C.1.3.4lowoilpressureprotectiondevice·····································································⋯⋯C.1.3.5lowpressurecompressor····················································································⋯⋯13.1lowpressureturbine··························································································⋯⋯8.3loweremissionscombustors.......................................................................................17.9lubricationsystem·······························，·····························································⋯⋯4.18Mmaingear45.9’www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002majorinspection·······························································································⋯⋯5.22majoroverhaul································································································⋯⋯5.23manualtrippingdevice················································································⋯⋯C.1.3.8masstopowerratio(mobileapplications)·························································⋯⋯C.1.4.13matrix·················································。············。·。····················。。。····················⋯⋯23.5maximumcontinuouspower···········································································⋯⋯C.1.4.1maximummomentaryspeed················································································⋯⋯6.21mechanicalefficiency·····················································································....⋯⋯11.2mechanicalefficiency··························································································⋯⋯16.2mechanicalloss·······················。·。······。······。····························。。······。。····················。。。·6.34methodofmodellingstage···········································································⋯⋯C.2.2.32methodofplanecascade··············································································⋯⋯C.2.2.31mobilegasturbine·····························································································⋯⋯2.16movingblade/rotorblade····················································································⋯⋯13.9multi-shaftgasturbine·······················································································⋯⋯2.14multi-shafttypecombinedcycle······························································...········..⋯⋯27.7multi-spoolgasturbine·········································································.......·⋯⋯C.1.1.4Nnewanddcancondition·······················································································⋯⋯6.2newanddcancondition··················································································.....⋯⋯6.3no-loadoperation·······················································································⋯⋯C.1.2.18normalstart············································。·····。··········。·····。···············。·····。·····。······⋯⋯5.8numberofstarts·······························。。···。·····。。······························。。。····。。·············⋯⋯5.15Ooff-designcondition·······················································································⋯⋯C.1.2.6open-cycle·········································································································⋯⋯2.3operatingpoint···························································································⋯⋯C.1.2.5outercasing·····································································································⋯⋯18.2outercasing······································································································⋯⋯8.5outletcondition··························································································⋯⋯C.1.2.2outletguidevanes................................................................................................13.14outletpressure·······························································································⋯⋯10.5outletpressure································································································⋯⋯15.3outletpressure··，·········································································⋯⋯“·”········⋯⋯20.3outlettemperature·····························································································⋯⋯10.6outlettemperature·······························································································。⋯15.4outlettemperature/burneroutlettemperature·························································⋯⋯20.4outputlimit······································································································⋯⋯6.11outputperformancediagram·················································································⋯⋯6.12overspeedcontroldevice..........................................................................................4.12overspeedtripdevice··························································································⋯⋯4.1260www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002overtemperaturecontroldevice4.14detector4.15overtemperatureovertemperatureprotectivedevice4.14Ppackagedgasturbine······················································································一C.1.1.5particleseparator·····························································································⋯⋯14.3peakloadratedoutput··························································································⋯⋯6.7performancemap/characteristicmap·····································································⋯⋯16.10pitch······································································································⋯⋯C.2.2.20platetyperecuperator·······················································································⋯⋯22.5polytropicefficiency··························································································⋯⋯11.4polytropicefficiency··························································································⋯⋯16.5powerrecoveryturbine·················································································⋯⋯C.2.1.2powerturbine···································································································⋯⋯7.4power-heatratio·························································································⋯⋯C.1.4.17precooler·········································································································⋯⋯3.7pressurelevelcontrol·······················································································⋯⋯5.19pressureratio···································································································⋯⋯15.5pressureratio···································································································⋯⋯10.7primaryair······································································································⋯⋯20.7primaryzone································································································⋯⋯20.5profileloss································································································⋯⋯C.2.2.34protectionsystem···················································⋯⋯，’·································⋯⋯4.11protectivedevicetest··························································································⋯⋯6.39purging·········································································································⋯⋯5.16Rradialflowcompressor·······················································································⋯⋯12.3radialflowturbine·····························-·····························································⋯⋯7.3rateofload-up··························································································⋯⋯C.1.2.19ratedcondition...................................................................................................C.1.2.3ratedoutput······································································································⋯⋯6.1ratedspeed··············⋯⋯，’················································································⋯⋯6.15reactionturbine····。。·······················。·············。·····。··································。。····⋯⋯C.2.1.4recirculatingzone··························································································⋯⋯C.3.2.2recuperator······································································································⋯⋯22.2referredoutput································································································⋯⋯6.13referredspeed···································································································⋯⋯6.19referredthermalefficiency·················································································⋯⋯6.27regenerativecycle······························································································⋯⋯2.9regenerator······································································································⋯⋯3.6regenerator............................................................................................................22.161www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002regeneratoreffectiveness··············································································⋯⋯_C.4.3.1reheatcombustor······················································································.·....⋯⋯17.6reheatcombustor·····················································································.···...⋯⋯17.7reheatcycle························································⋯⋯，.’······································⋯⋯2.11reheatfactor································································································⋯⋯C.2.5.4reheatRankinecombinedcycle··········································································.⋯⋯27.10relativedeadcenter··············································································......⋯⋯C.1.2.12reliability···································································································⋯⋯C.1.4.18reservepeakloadoutput···································································...............⋯⋯6.9rigidrotor································································································⋯⋯C.2.2.44rotatingregenerator··························································································，··⋯22.3rotatingstall···································································································⋯⋯16.8rotorbladeloss·························································································⋯⋯C.2.2.38rotorblade/rotorbucket············································⋯⋯‘·································⋯⋯8.12rotorwithoutblades·····································································.··.·......⋯⋯C.2.13Ssealing························⋯⋯C.2.3.11secondaryair··一20.8secondaryflowlossC.2.2.36secondaryzone。·⋯20.6self-sustainingspeed···一5.2semi-base-loadratedoutput··⋯6.10semiclosed-cycle⋯⋯2.5shaftoutput··⋯6.14shaftingvibrationC.2.2.47shellshellandtuberecuperator:;.4silencer·······。。·。。·············⋯⋯4.25silocombustor17.5simplecycle2.8single-shaftgasturbine····⋯⋯2.13single-shafttypecombinedcycle27.6siteconditions····。。··········⋯⋯6.35siteratedoutput6.6sootblower·············，·····⋯⋯24.1spacerC.2.3.8specificcombustionintensity21.6specificfuelconsumption6.29specificpower····⋯⋯’“‘·⋯’二‘6.33speedchanger4.8speedchanger/synchronizerC.1.3.2speedgovernor4.762www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002speedgovernordroop...............................·.........··.···········。。⋯C.1.4.4sprayconeangle.......................O....·.............·....···⋯⋯C.3.2.6stabilizationtime......O................·.....·.....·............·.。。·····。···⋯⋯6.23stage‘·’‘”””’““‘.”’“.’“””..····。。························。·············。·····。··········⋯⋯8.1813.16stagestageefficiency................................·......·......······⋯⋯C.2.2.43staggerangle........................⋯⋯。..·.·....·..·...·······⋯⋯C.2.2.21stall.......⋯⋯，.....。二。..·....···························⋯⋯C.2.5.5standardatmosphere.....................................................................6.36standardratedoutput..............⋯⋯。·..·.......·....·.·....·············。。·⋯⋯6.4standardreferenceconditions....................................................................6.37start.....................................................................5.7startercut-off···....·........⋯⋯。.....⋯⋯..................·.O....·..。·····················。···⋯⋯C.1.2.17startingcharacteristicsdiagram......................................................................5.6startingcharacteristicstest...................·...............·..·........·..·........·。⋯⋯6.38startingequipment..···。。·····。·······························。。··················⋯⋯4.3·。.·······。。······················。。····。。····················⋯⋯5.13startingtimestaticbalancing........................O....·.........··················。⋯C.1.2.8stationaryblade...................................................................8.13stationaryblade...................................................................13.10stationarybladeloss..................................·.......·.....·..··⋯⋯C.2.2.37stationarygasturbine...................................··········。················⋯⋯2.15stator.......··。。···············。··········。。·······。················⋯⋯8.13stator.....·.....·..·..·...........·.....·..·..··.····················。二13.10steady-stateincrementalspeedregulation··················。。··。········································⋯⋯6.24steady-statespeed·......·....·························。····························一6.22steady-statespeeddroop.....................................................................6.25steady-statespeedregulation。··················。·。。。。····················。···。·。··········⋯⋯6.25steamand/orwaterinjection............................................·。········⋯⋯C.1.4.12steaminjectiongasturbine············⋯⋯..........................................·.....·.·····⋯⋯C.1.1.7steam/waterinjectionequipment······一....O.......·..·..·..。······················。。···············⋯⋯4.29steam-auratio.................................·.....·........·....··。⋯⋯C.1.4.15..............................................................C.1.4.16steam-gaspowerratiostoichiometricfuel-airratio....................................................................21.2straightblade········.....·..............⋯⋯........·..·..·........·。·················。·。··········⋯⋯C.2.2.10straight-flowcombustor................·..·...··。··································一C.3.1.1supplementaryfiredcombinedcycle.....................................................................27.2....·.........···········。································。··⋯⋯16.6surgesurgelimitC.2.5户.bC.2.surgemargin4l.C.2lsurge-preventingdevice3q.C.3.户swirler63www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002Ttemperatureeffectiveness···················································································.⋯⋯26.1temperaturepatternfactor·················································································⋯⋯21.11temperatureratio·······················································································⋯⋯C.1.4.14theoreticalcombustiontemperature··································································⋯⋯C.3.2.8thermalblockage····················································································⋯⋯C.1.2.16thermalefficiency···························································································⋯⋯6.26thermalfatigue··························································································⋯⋯C.2.2.50thermalshock····························································································⋯⋯C.2.2.49thermodynamicperformancetest···································································⋯⋯C.1.4.10throatarea·····。，·······。····················································································。二C.2.2.18tip-hubratio································································································⋯⋯C.2.2.4totalenergysystem·····················································，·······························⋯⋯C.1.1.3totalpressurelosscoefficient.................................................·························⋯⋯C.2.2.5totalpressurelossforairside········································································⋯⋯C.4.3.3totalpressurelossforgasside········································································⋯⋯C.4.3.2to认1pressurerecoverfactor······································........................⋯⋯C.3.4.2transpirationcooling··················································································⋯⋯C.2.2.54tubebundle/tubenest····················································································⋯⋯C.4.2.1tubeplate···································································································⋯⋯C.4.2.2turbine················································。。·····。······。····。。····。。···。。····。。····。。····。。··········⋯⋯3.1turbine.............................................................................................................·⋯7.1turbinecharacteristiccurves······································································⋯⋯C.2.5.10turbinediaphragm·····························································································⋯⋯8.15turbinedisc······································································································⋯⋯8.9turbineentrytemperature················································································....⋯⋯10.3turbinenozzle································································································⋯⋯8.14turbinepoweroutput···································································，······················⋯⋯11.1turbinereferenceinlettemperature·························································⋯⋯，....⋯⋯10.2turbinerotor······························，·········································································一8.8turbinerotorinlettemperature··········································································⋯⋯10.4turbinetripspeed·····························································································⋯⋯6.16turbinetripspeed······································································，················⋯⋯C.1.4.3turbinewashingequipment····················································································⋯⋯9.1turbinewheel·································································································⋯⋯8.10turninggear·····································································································⋯⋯4.2turning/barring··························································································⋯⋯C.1.2.15twistedblade····················。···········。······。·····················································⋯⋯C.2.2.11Uun-firedcombinedcycle27.164www.bzfxw.com GB/T15135-2002V8Vane1vane8variablestatorblade1variablestatorbladevariable-geometrygasturbine二C.1.1.8velocitycoefficientC.2.2.7velocityratioC.2.2.2velocitytriangleC.2.2.30volumetricheatreleaserate二C.3.4.3Wwheelefficiency⋯C.2.2.42workingfluidheaterworkingfluidheaterefficiency::;www.bzfxw.com'