GBT 2900.54-2002 电工术语 无线电通信：发射机、接受机、网络和运行.pdf 52页

'tcs33.060.30M36场日中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T2900.54-2002idtIEC60050-713:1998电工术语无线电通信:发射机、接收机、网络和运行Electrotechnicalterminology-Radiocommunications:transmitters,receivers，networksandoperations2001一02一22发布2002一08一01实施中华人民共和国发布国家质量监督检验检疫总局 GB/T2900.54-2002目次前言·················································································································“⋯皿IEC前言·.................................................................................................................IV1范围···························，······················。·····························································。⋯12基本术语·····················。··············································································。··一13无线电链路和台站···························································································⋯⋯24移动无线电通信································”························································⋯⋯45无线电测定和无线电导航·····························································。。。。·。···········⋯⋯’二86其他类型的无线电通信···············································································，.⋯‘·‘二‘二107频率和信道·······“·······························································“··························⋯⋯128调制和信号处理·····························································································⋯⋯179发射机和收发信机··············，·······················。·····················································⋯⋯”10传输特征··························，···················。。······················································一2011无线电接收和接收机····················。····························································⋯⋯2312射频噪声和干扰························································································⋯⋯.2913频率网络和运行·········································。················································，.⋯⋯31附录A(提示的附录)中文索引····················································。···················⋯⋯’二33附录B(提示的附录)英文索引············。·····················································。·····。····⋯⋯38 GB/T2900.54-2002前言本标准等同采用IEC60050-713:1998《电工术语无线电通信:发射机、接收机、网络和运行》。本标准适用于我国编写有关无线电通信的各类标准及其他技术文献时使用的名词术语。本标准与一些现行的术语标准相关，本标准作了尽可能的协调。为了表明本标准与相关标准之间的关系，本标准分别在相关术语后面的括号中进行了说明，这些相关标准是:GB/T13622-1992,GB/T14733-1993,本标准的附录A和附录B均是提示的附录。本标准由信息产业部提出。本标准由全国电工术语标准化技术委员会归口。本标准起草单位:信息产业部邮电工业标准化研究所、北京邮电大学、机械科学研究院。本标准主要起草人:赵欣欣、庞沁华、蒋利群、杨芙。 Gs/T2900.54-2002IEC前言1)IEC(国际电工委员会)是一个由各国家电工委员会(IEC国家委员会)组成的世界性标准化组织。IEC的目标是促进有关电工和电子领域标准化问题的国际合作。为此目的，除了其他活动以外，IEC出版了国际标准。标准的编制工作委托给技术委员会，对涉及项目感兴趣的任何IEC国家委员会均可参与编制工作，与IEC有联系的国际的、政府的及非政府的组织也可以参与编制工作。IEC与ISO按照两组织之间协商确定的条件密切合作。2)由代表所有国家委员会利益的技术委员会编制的IEC关于技术问题的正式决议和协议，尽可能地表达了所涉及问题的各国间一致性的意见。3)这些正式的决议和协议以建议书形式提供{闷际使用，以标准、技术报告或指南的形式出版，从这个意义讲为IEC国家委员会所接受。4)为了促进国际统一化，IEC国家委员会应在最大可能限度将IEC国际标准运用到各自的国家或地区标准中;IEC标准和对应的国家或地卜标准之间的任何差异应在对应的国家或地区标准中说明。5)IEC不使用标记程序来说明标准的批准与;，也不对任何设备是否符合某一标准负责。6)请注意，本国际标准中的部分内容可能与专利权相关。IEC将不负责确认这些专利权问题本国际标准是由IEC第1技术委员会—术涪委员会负责的IEC/ITU联合协调组(]CG)的工作组制定的。它构成了国际电工词汇(IEV)的第7I3部分。本标准与此后给出的IEC60050(700)一起，取消并代替了版本IEC50(60):197。无线电通信本标准的文本基于下列文件:FDIS投票报告1/1589/FDIS1/1605/RVD有关批准本标准的投票的所有资料可在以上表中所列的报告中找到。本IEV章有关“无线电通信”的术语和定义用法语和英语两种语言给出;此外，分别给出阿拉伯语、德语、西班牙语、意大利语、日语、波兰语、葡萄牙语和瑞典语术语。 中华人民共和国国家标准电工术语无线电通信:发射机、接收机、网络和运行GB/"r2900.54-2002idtIEC60050-713:1998Electrotechnicalterminology-Radiocommunications:transmitters,receivers,networksandoperations范围本标准规定了电工术语中有关无线电通信的术语和定义。本标准适用于我国涉及无线电通信的所有科技领域。2基本术语713-01-01无线电波radiowave不通过人为导引而在空间传播的电磁波，其通常频率在3000GHz以下。注:频率在3000GH:左右的电磁波既可视为无线电波，也可视为光波。(修改GB/T14733.1-1993中的701.02.06)713-01-02无线电通信radiocommunication利用无线电波的电信。(与GB/T14733.1-1993中的701.01.29一致)713-01-03射电天文学radioastronomy研究源于宇宙的无线电波的天文学分支。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.1.11)713-01-04地球大气层的主要部分majorportionoftheEarth"satmosphere地球大气层中航空器能通过空气的反作用力获得支撑的部分。713-01-05空间无线电通信spaceradiocommunication任何涉及使用一个或多个空间站，或使用一个或多个反射卫星或使用位于地球大气层的主要部分外的其他空间物体的无线电通信。(修改GB/T14733.6-1993中的725.02.03)713-01-06地面无线电通信terrestrialradiocommunication除了空间无线电通信或射电天文学以外的任何无线电通信。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.1.5)713-01-07卫星通信(普通用途的)satellitecommunication(bycommonusage)地球上两个或多个地方之间依靠空间无线电通信进行的通信。713-01-08无线电通信业务radiocommunicationservice通过组织的成套设施，供用户进行给定类型的无线电通信。中华人民共和国国家质A监督检验检疫总局2001一02-22批准2002一08一01实施 GB/T2900.54-20023无线电链路和台站713-02-01[无线电〕台(radio)station为开展无线电通信业务或为射电天文学目的，在一给定地点设置的一个或多个无线电发射机或接收机，或发射机和接收机的组合，并包括相关设备。注1每个无线电台都应指明其永久或暂时的运行业务。2给定地点可以是固定的或移动的，可以在陆地、海上、空中或宇宙空间(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.1)713-02-02发射台transmittingstation主要由一个或多个无线电发射机组成的无线电台。713-02-03接收台receivingstation主要由一个或多个无线电接收机组成的无线电台。713-02-04地面台terrestrialstation实现地面无线电通信的无线电台。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4-2)713-02-05地球站Earthstation位于地球表面或地球大气层的主要部分内的无线电台，并用于与一个或多个空间站的通信;或用于通过一个或多个反射卫星或其他空间物体与一个或多个同类站的通信。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.3)713-02-06空间站(无线电通信的)spacestation(inradiocommunication)位于地球大气层的主要部分以外的物体上的无线电台。注:在日常和航天学中，空间站是一个在轨道上或天体上能执行长期性任务的大型设施。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.4)713-02-07无线电链路radiolink在两点之间利用无线电波进行通信的电信设施。注:无线电链路可以是单向的或双向的713-02-08无线电[传输]信道radio(transmission)channel在两点之间利用无线电波进行单向信号传输的技术方式。713-02-09总损耗(无线电链路的)totalloss(ofaradiolink)(符号:A。或L)(symbol:A。或L)在实际装备、传播、操作条件下，一无线电链路的发射机所提供的功率和供给对应的接收机的功率之比，通常用分贝表示。注:在每一情况下，都必须指明测定发射机提供功率和供给接收机功率的端点，例如:—在发射或接收端可能采用的射频滤波器或复用器之前或之后;—在发射和接收天线馈线的输人端或输出端.(与GB/T14733.9-1993中的705.08.01一致)713-02-10链路[功率〕预算link(power)budget无线电链路的最大可接受的总损耗在衰减、增益和工作裕量之间的分配。713-02-11无线电中继系统radio-relaysystem无线电中继链路radio-relaylinkRRL(缩写)RRL(abbreviation)在两个特定点之间的无线电通信手段，它通过定向天线使用对流层传播，并可包括一个或多个无线电特性与终端站相同的中继站。 Gs/T2900.54-2002注1术语“对流层传播”是指在对流层内的任何传播，并延伸到未受电离层影响的电离层下面的传播。2无线电中继系统的工作颇率在30MH:以上，且大多数情况在1GHz以上，即在微波频段。713-02-12仁视距〕无线电中继系统(line-of-sight)radio-relaysystem仁视距〕无线电中继链路(line-of-sight)radio-relaylinkLOSRRL(缩写)LOSRRL(abbreviation)微波链路microwavelink无线电中继系统，其中两个相邻站之间的直接无线电通道在考虑了对流层折射，且大部分时间内障碍物的衍射作用可忽略不计的情况下是畅通的。注:英语术语中.微波链路”只用于1GHz以上。713-02-13超视距无线电中继系统trans-horizonradio-relaysystem除可能占很小比例的时间外，相邻的两站之间不存在直接无线电通道的无线电中继系统。注超视距无线电中继系统使用不同的传播机理，如衍射，散射和对流层的反射.713-02-14点对点通信point-to-pointcommunication由一条链路提供的在两个特定的固定点之间的通信。713-02-15点对多点通信point-to-multipointcommunication由链路提供的在一个特定的固定点和若干个特定的固定点之间的通信。713-02-16点对区域通信point-to-areacommunication由链路提供的在一个特定的固定点和给定区域内任何位置的任意数目的点之间的通信。注:当点对区域通信包含从一个固定点到若干个点的单向链路时，这种类型的通信一般被称为广播。713-02-17班盖区(地面发射台的)coveragearea(ofaterrestrialtransmittingstation)与给定的无线电通信业务的地面发射台相关联的区域，接收台只有在该区域内，才能在特定技术条件下建立起特定性质的无线电通信。注1几个覆盖区可能与同一个台站有关。2技术条件应包括频率，发射台和接收台两者所使用设备的特性，设备是如何安装的，需要的传枯质量(例如保护比)，和运行条件等.3它可分为以下几种—无射颇干扰的顶盖区，即仅受自然噪声和人为嗓声限制的区域;—标称搜盖区，即制定频率规划时根据预期的发射机所确定的区域;—实际覆盖区，即能允许有实际存在的噪声和干扰的区域。713-02-18服务区servicearea与给定的无线电通信业务的发射台相关联的区域，根据有关法规约定在该区域中接收或运行的无线电通信链路可受到保护而不受千扰。注:有时用“服务区”代替术语“，盖区”或“捕获区冲，以表示在此区域中，无线电通信业务达到给定的业务质量。拒用。713-02-19硬盖区(空间站的)coveragearea(ofaspacestation)与空间站相关联的地球表面某一区域。在此区域内，在特定的技术条件下，通过一个或多个地球站之间的发射，接收或同时收发，可建立起特定性质的无线电通信。注1几个覆盖区可能与同一空间站相关，如一个有若干天线波束的卫星。2无干扰的情况下，覆盖区由预先确定的功率通量密度的等值线确定3此处定义的“租盖区”的概念仅简单适用于在同步地球卫星上的空间站。713-02-20捕获区capturearea与给定无线电通信业务的地面接收台相关联的区域，发射台必须在此区域内，以便在特定3 GB/T2900.54-2002的技术条件下，建立起特定性质的无线电通信。注1技术条件包括:频率，发射台和接收台两者所使用设备的特性、设备是如何安装的、需要的传输质量〔例如保护比)，和运行条件等。z它可分为以下几种—无干扰的浦获区，即仅受自然噪声和人为噪声限制的区域，—实际捕获区，即能允许有实际存在的噪声和干扰的区域.713-02-21卫星连接connectionbysatellite在发射台和接收台之间通过一个或多个卫星的无线电链路，在某些情况下，也可通过一个或多个地球站。注:卫星连接的终端站可以是两个地球站、两个空间站或一个地球站和一个空间站713-02-22卫星链路satellitelink在发射台和接收台之间经过一个卫星的卫星连接。注:当卫星链路建立在两个地球站之间时，包括一个上行链路和一个下行链路。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.50)713-02-23卫星间链路inter-satellitelink在一个发射空间站和一个接收空间站之间无中间地球站转接的无线电链路。(修改GB/T14733.6-1993中的A2.2.4)713-02-24多卫星链路multi-satellitelink在一个发射台和一个接收台之间通过两个或多个卫星而无中间地球站转接的卫星连接。注:在地球站之间的多卫星链路包括一个上行链路，一个或多个卫星间链路和一个下行链路。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.51)713-02-25多跳卫星链路multi-hopsatellitelink连接地球站的两个或多个卫星链路所组成的卫星连接713-02-26馈送链路feederlink从给定位置的地球站到空间站的无线电链路，或其反向链路，用于除固定卫星业务以外的空间无线电通信业务的信息传递。注1固定卫星业务是指在给定位It的地球站之间的无缓电通信业务。“馈送链路”是一个规范术语，用于那些虽然并不构成一部分固定卫星业务，但仍可在划分给固定卫星业务的频带内分配一些频率的无线电链路。2给定位置可以是特定的固定点，也可以是特定区域的任意固定点。3馈送链路的示例广播卫星的上行链路;到空间站的前向链路部分或从空间站的返回链路部分，此空间站处于地球站和数据中继卫星之间;在海事移动卫星业务中在海岸地球站和卫星之间的一个上行链路和一个下行链路。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.52)4移动无线电通信各种陆地地球站和移动地球站的定义在IEV第725章(IEC60050-725)给出。713-03-01移动业务mobileservice在地球表面的固定无线电台与地球表面的移动无线电台或地球大气层的主要部分内的移动无线电台之间，或在各移动台之间提供链路的无线电通信业务。注:在ITU无线电规则中，移动业务是一种地面无线电通倍业务(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.3.7) GB/T2900.54-2002713-03-02陆地台landstation移动业务中不在移动状态中使用的无线电台。(与GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.10一致)713-03-03移动台mobilestation移动业务中专供移动状态时或在非特定地点停留时使用的无线电台。(与GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.8一致)713-03-04卫星移动业务mobile-satelliteservice一种空间无线电通信业务，旨在为固定于地球表面的无线电台和各移动台之间或在移动台之间提供链路。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.3.10)713-03-05陆地移动业务landmobileservice为位于大陆区域的地球表面移动台或在各移动台之间提供链路的移动业务。注1在ITU无线电规则中，陆地移动业务是一种地面无线电通伯业务。2陆地移动业务包括在隧道和地下矿井的无线电通信和某些情况，如在民用频带，也包括沿海岸线的海事区域的无线电通信(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.3-9)713-03-06卫星陆地移动业务landmobile-satelliteservice为位于大陆区域的地球表面的移动台或在各移动台之间提供链路的卫星移动业务。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.3.10)713-03-07基站basestation在陆地移动业务中的陆地台。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.11)713-03-08陆地移动台landmobilestation在陆地移动业务中的移动台。注:在电话通信中陆地移动台通常称为无线电话(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4-12)713-03-09无绳电话机cordlesstelephoneset在非常短距离范围内，以无线电或光波代替电话机的移动部分和固定部分之间的连线的电话机。713-03-10电信接入点业务telepointservice陆地移动无线电电话业务;它以公用或专用基站作为便携电话的中继，在短距离范围内，实现便携电话与公众交换电话网的用户之间的通信。注:便携电话仅能在几百米范围内工作。713-03-11电信接入点基站telepointbasestation电信接入点业务的基站。713-03-12便携电话portabletelephone可由个人随身携带的电话机，它使用与电信接入点基站或与蜂窝移动无线电通信系统基站的无线电链路。713-03-13海事移动业务maritimemobileservice为非永久停泊的船舶或这些船舶之间，或为相关的船用通信电台间提供链路的移动业务。注1在ITU无线电规则中，海事移动业务是一种地面无线电通信业务。2营救器电台和应急示位无线电伯标可参与海事移动业务。 GB/T2900.54-2002(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.3.11)713-03-14海事卫星移动业务maritimemobile-satelliteservice为非永久停泊的船舶或这些船舶之间提供链路的卫星移动业务。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.3-12)713-03-15海岸电台coaststation海事移动业务的陆地台。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4-13)713-03-16港口电台portstation为港口及其邻区服务的，不提供公共通信设施的海岸电台。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.18)713-03-17船舶电台shipstation海事移动业务中设在非永久停泊的船舶上的移动台，但不同于营救器电台。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4-15)713-03-18船上仁通估]电台on-board(communication)station海事移动业务中的低功率移动台，用于船舶内部通信，或在演习或工作时用于船舶及其救生艇和救生筏间的通信，或用于一组顶推、拖带船舶之间的通信，也可用于船舶列队和停泊的通信。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4-17)713-03-19船舶应急发信机ship"semergencytransmitter用于遇险、紧急或安全的目的，仅可使用遇险频率的船舶发射机。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4-36)713-03-20遇险频率distressfrequency国际上指定用于遇险、紧急或安全目的的频率。713-03-21航空移动业务aeronauticalmobileservice给航空器或在航空器间提供链路的移动业务。注1在ITU无线电规则中，航空移动业务是一种地面无践电通信业务.2曾救器电台和应急示位无线电伯标可参与航空移动业务.(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.3-15)713-03-22航空卫星移动业务aeronauticalmobile-satelliteservice给航空器或在航空器间提供链路的卫星移动业务。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.3-16)713-03-23航空电台aeronauticalstation航空移动业务中的陆地台。注:在某些情况下，航空电台可安装在船舶或海面工作平台上。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4-19)713-03-24航空器电台aircraftstation航空移动业务中设在航空器上的移动台.但不同于营救器电台。(与GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.21一致)713-03-25营救器电台survivalcraftstation海事移动业务或航空移动业务中专为救生目的而设置在救生艇，救生筏或其他营救器上的移动台。(与GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.5一致) GB/T2900.54-2002713-03-26应急示位无线电信标emergencyposition-indicatingradiobeaconEPIRB(缩写词)EPIRB(abbreviation)移动业务的一种无线电台，其发射便于搜索和营救工作。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.31)713-03-27蜂窝系统(无线电通信中的)cellularsystem(inradiocommunication)陆地移动业务的无线电通信系统，其预期的服务区分成若干个子区域，叫做“小区”，每个小区由一个或多个基站提供无线电覆盖。注:在蜂窝系统中，邻近小区使用不同的射频信道，但这些信道在一定距离外可再次使用713-03-28小区(无线电通信中的)cell(inradiocommunication)在蜂窝系统中的子区域，分配给它的一组无线电资源不能在相邻的子区域使用。713-03-29切换(无线电通信中的)handover(inradiocommunication);hand-off(inradiocommu-nication)在蜂窝移动无线电通信系统中，在通话过程中不中断通话而改变传输途径。713-03-30小区间切换intercellhandover;intercellhand-off在蜂窝移动无线电通信系统中，当移动台从一个小区移动到另一个小区时，通过交换从一个基站切换到另一个基站的过程。713-03-31小区内切换intracellhandover;intracellhand-off在蜂窝移动无线电通信系统中，在同一小区，通过交换从一个射频信道切换到另一个信道，或从同一信道的一个时隙切换到另一个时隙，或也从一个基站切换到另一个基站的过程。713-03-32漫游roaming用户的移动台出现的区域在其登记的归属区以外，但可被定位和运行。713-03-33漫游用户roamingsubscriber移动业务中移动到其登记的归属区以外的用户。注:在蜂窝系统中，归属区一般由若干个相邻的小区组成。713-03-34基站控制器basestationcontrollerBSC(缩写词)BSC(abbreviation)蜂窝系统的功能组件，控制一个或多个基站，是基站和移动业务交换中心之间的中介。713-03-35移动业务交换中心mobileserviceswitchingcenterMSC(缩写词)MSC(abbreviation)蜂窝系统的功能组件，以保证系统与公众交换电话网的互通。713-03-36归属位置寄存器homelocationregisterHLR(缩写词)HLR(abbreviation)蜂窝系统的数据库，它存储了管理众多移动用户通信所需的信息。注:管理信息包括永久性的(如用户的身份鉴别，其电话薄号码及其享有的业务)或变化的(即移动台位置，以便选择路由完成呼叫接续)。713-03-37拜访位里寄存器visitorlocationregisterVLR(缩写词)VLR(abbreviation)连接一个或多个移动业务交换中心的数据库，它保存了在这(些)交换中心所覆盖的各小区中所有移动用户在归属位置寄存器中的信息备份。713-03-38集群系统trunkedsystem不同的组织或公司共享传输资源进行内部通信的移动无线电系统，它仅在每个呼叫过程中给用户分配特定的资源。713-03-39调度系统dispatchsystem GB/T2900.54-2002与交通工具编队通信，用来控制编队行动的无线电系统。注:交通工具编队可以是航空器、出租车、铁路货车等的编队713-03-40无线电寻呼radiopaging一种无线电通信业务，使用非语音单向呼叫以提醒配带相应接收机的用户，可传递或不传递非语音信息。713-03-41声音寻呼tonepaging一种无线电寻呼形式，被寻呼的用户可接收到一个指示，一般是声音指示，要求用户执行某一预先安排的行动，通常是呼叫某一特定的电话号码。713-03-42无线电显示寻呼radiodisplaypaging一种无线电寻呼形式，被寻呼的用户可接收到呼叫指示并可将已有规定意义的数字或字符信息显示或打印出来。713-03-43双向寻呼two-waypaging向移动终端传人或从移动终端传出数字或字符信息的无线电通信业务。713-03-44无线电寻呼机radiopager寻呼接收机pagingreceiver用于无线电显示寻呼或声音寻呼的袖珍接收机。713-03-45轮询polling中心电台对通信网中的各个电台的询问，通常依次发出，也可能循环发出，使有信息待发的电台可立即发送信息或标志这些电台的要求。注:本概念适用于移动无线电网络和其他类型的通信网络，如数据传输网。713-03-46选择selecting中心电台向通信网中的各个电台发送指令，通常依次发出，也可能循环发出，使每个电台作好准备接收发送给它的信息。注本概念适用于移动无线电网络和其他类型的电信网络，如数据传输网。713-03-47选择性呼叫selectivecalling在一个无线电系统中，利用特殊编码信号及连接于接收机的自动装置的一种呼叫;仅有被预选的电台能响应此呼叫。713-03-48扫描(射频信道的)scanning(ofRFchannels)在一无线电系统中，自动地顺序检测一组信道，以找到一个空闲信道用来建立一条通信链路。5无线电测定和无线电导航713-04-01无线电测定radiodetermination利用无线电波，完全或部分地测定目标物的位置，速度和/或其他特性。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.1.7)713-04-02无线电导航radionavigation用于导航的无线电测定，包括障碍报警。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.1.8)713-04-03无线电定位radiolocation用于无线电导航以外目的的无线电测定。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.1.9)713-04-04无线电定向radiodirection-finding通过接收目标发射、发射或散射的无线电波而得到目标所在方向的无线电测定。 GB/T2900.54-2002(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.1.10)713-04-05无线电信标radiobeacon一种无线电发射机，通常为无线电定向而发射无方向性的识别信号。713-04-06低功率信标low-powerbeacon用于无线电导航的小范围无线电发射机，通常在水平面内具有圆形辐射图型。713-04-07双曲线无线电导航hyperbolicradionavigation基于测量若干对相关发射机发射的无线电信号的延时差的无线电导航系统;对于每一对发射机，其等时线接近于双曲线，移动台的位置可通过两对或更多对发射机的曲线族来确定。713-04-08指点信标markerbeacon航空无线电导航业务中的发射机，它垂直发射一个独特的辐射图型，以此向航空器提供位置信息。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4-44)713-04-09仪表着陆系统instrumentlandingsystemILS(缩写词)ILS(abbreviation)使用VHF和UHF频段的无线电导航系统，在航空器下降或着陆时提供垂直和水平方向的引导，且在某些固定点，指示与着陆参考点的距离。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.41)713-04-10[仪表着陆系统〕航向信标(instrumentlandingsystem)localizer仪表着陆系统中的水平引导系统，用以指示航空器与沿跑道轴线的最佳下降路线之间的水平偏差。(与GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.42一致)713-04-11[仪表着陆系统」下滑信标(instrumentlandingsystem)glidepath;glideslope仪表着陆系统中的垂直引导系统，用以指示航空器与最佳下降路线之间的垂直偏差。(与GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.43一致)713-04-12微波着陆系统microwavelandingsystemMLS(缩写词)MLS(abbreviation)一种无线电导航系统，在该系统内有利用微波信号并带有测距仪器的无线电信标，向航空器提供其位置信息，从而保证航空器在下降和着陆过程中沿预定轨道飞行。713-04-13雷达radar一种无线电测定的方法或设备，其原理是向目标发射无线电波，并对从目标返回的无线电波或对目标受到接收波激励作为响应而发回的无线电波进行分析。注:术语“雷达(radar)"是“无线电探测和测距(RadioDetectionandRanging)”的缩写(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.37)713-04-14[雷达口目标(radar)target用雷达搜寻其信息的目标。713-04-15雷达回波radarecho从雷达目标收到的射频能量。713-04-16一次雷达primaryradar一种雷达，其接收机分析从目标上以反射、衍射和散射方式返回的电磁波。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.38)713-04门7二次雷达secondaryradar一种雷达，其接收机分析目标上的转发器所发射的电磁波。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.39) GB/T2900.54-2002713-04-18单基地富达monostaticradar发射机和接收机装在同一设备中的霄达。713-04-19双基地雷达bistaticradar发射机和接收机设置在不同地点的雷达。713-04-20侧视雷达side-lookingradarSLR(缩写词)SLR(abbreviation)安装于航空器或卫星上的对地测绘雷达，其地面观测带偏于该航空器或卫星的对地投影轨迹的侧方。713-04-21合成孔径雷达syntheticapertureradarSAW缩写词)SAR(abbreviation)通过对后向散射信号特殊处理而提高运载工具运行方向上的空间分辨率的侧视雷达。注:信号处理主要是对来自同一点的被多普勒效应所表征的连续回波的叠加。713-04-22动目标显示雷达movingtargetsindicationradarMTI(缩写词)MTI(abbreviation)通过消除来自固定目标的回波从而提高对移动目标的检测和显示质量的雷达。713-04-23雷达信标radarbeacon;racon带有固定导航标志的转发器，当其被某个雷达触发时，能自动返回一个提供距离、方位和识别信息的鉴别信号。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.40)713-04-24无线电高度表radioaltimeter安装在航空器或航天器上的设备，通过发射和接收无线电波来确定航空器或航天器距地面的高度。注:术语“地面(ground)”是指地球或其他天体的固体或液体表面。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4-45)713-04-25无线电寻的radiohoming利用位于某确定点的无线电发射机和转发器，使移动台趋向该点的一种导航形式。713-04-26无线电制导radioguidance利用无线电波对航空器或车船的运动进行远程控制。6其他类型的无线电通信713-05-01广播broadcasting通过无线电或有线网，使大量配备相应接收设备的用户都可接收的一种单向电信方式。注1广播是点对区域通信。2在英语中应认为不加限定词时，"broadcasting"就是指“无线电广播(broadcastingbyradiowaves)".除非上下文表明意思不同3示例:声音广播，电视广播，图文电视，报时信号和导航警报的播发，新闻机构的新闻播发。(修改GB/T14733.1-1993中的701.01.30)713-05-02广播「业务]broadcasting(service)供公众直接接收而进行传输的无线电通信;可包括声音节目，电视节目和其他方式的传输。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.3.17)713-05-03无线电话技术radiotelephony在其全部或部分路由中使用无线电传输信道的电话技术。注:术语“radiotelephony(无线电话技术)”主要用于无复用的情况 GB/T2900.54-2002713-05-04无线电报技术radiotelegraphy在其全部或部分路由中使用无线电传输信道的电报技术。注:术语“无线电报技术(radiotelegraphy)”主要用于无复用的情况.713-05-05气象辅助业务meteorologicalaidsservice用于气象和水文观察与探测的无线电通信业务。(与GB/T13622-1992中的3.3.28一致)713-05-06无线电高空测候器radiosonde由测量传感器和自动无线电发射机组成，用于发送气象数据的设备，通常安装于航空器、自由气球、风筝或降落伞上。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4-46)713-05-07卫星地球探测业务earthexploration-satelliteservice一种空间无线电通信业务，在该业务中:—由地球卫星上的有源或无源传感器获得有关地球特征及其自然现象的信息;—由地球卫星从自动或通过询问来发送信息的空中平台或地面平台收集的类似信息;—此类信息可以分发给各地球站。注:该无线电通信业务也可包括其运行所必需的馈送链路和卫星间链路(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.3.29)713-05-08空间操作业务spaceoperationservice仅与航天器的操作，特别是与空间跟踪、空间遥测和空间遥令有关的空间无线电通信业务。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.3-6)713-05-09卫星气象业务meteorological-satelliteservice用于气象的卫星地球探测业务。(与GB/T13622-1992中的3.3.30一致)713-05-10空间研究业务spaceresearchservice利用航天器或其他空间物体进行科学或技术研究的空间无线电通信业务。(与GB/T13622-1992中的3.3.33一致)713-05-11流星余迹meteortrail流星通过高层大气而产生的电离余迹。713-05-12流星散射通信meteorscatteringcommunication在地面两点间使用流星余迹的无线电波散射的间歇通信。713-05-13雷达天文学radarastronomy运用雷达研究天体、人造卫星或流星余迹。713-05-14射频源radiosource能观测到发出射频辐射的天体或天体区域。713-05-15地外文明探索searchforextra-terrestrialintelligenceSETI(缩写词)SETI(abbreviation)一种利用灵敏的接收仪器检查电磁频谱的协调科学研究，其目的是探测银河系中其他地方可能存在技术发达的文明的证据。713-05-16标准频率和时间信号业务standardfrequencyandtimesignalservice为满足科学、技术或其他方面的需要，而播发特定的标明其高精度的频率、基于协调世界时的时间信号(或二者同时播发)，以供普遍接收的无线电通信业务。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.3.31)713-05-17标准频率standardfrequency11 GB/T2900.54-2002与频率标准有已知关系的频率。注:术语“标准频率(standardfrequency)”经常引伸为频率是标准频率的信号。713-05-18国际原子时internationalatomictimeTAI(缩写词)TAI(abbreviation)国际度量衡局(BIPM)根据某几个机构的原子钟的数据而建立的时标，符合国际单位制(SD的时间单位—秒(s)的定义。713-05-19世界时universaltimeUT(缩写词)UT(abbreviation)GMT(强烈拒用的缩写词)GMT(abbreviationstronglydeprecatedinthissense)基于地球自转的一个时标。注1在不允许出现不精确度为百分之几秒的应用场合中，有必要指定应使用的世界时形式:_UT。是本初子午线的太平时，直接由天文观测得到;-UT1是UT。校正过在恒星参考系中地球相对其旋转轴的微小运动(极向变化)效应的时间;-UT2是对UTl校正过在恒星参考系中地球徒转速度的微小季节性起伏效应的时间。2格林威治的太平时亦称为格林威治平均时间(GMT)，可看作等效的世界时，但它们相差12小时。713-05-20协调世界时coordinateduniversaltime(符号:UTC)(symbol:UTC)一种时标，它构成标准频率和时间信号的协调的无线电播发的基础。它在速率上精确的对应于国际原子时，但与之相差整数倍秒。注1协调世界时由国际度量衡局(BIPM)和国际地球旋转业务(IERS)建立2UTC时标通过插入或删除若干秒来调整，叫做正或负跳秒，以保证与UTI近似一致(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.1.12)713-05-21无线电业余爱好者radio-amateur不从经济利益而仅从个人兴趣出发，以自学、内部通信与技术研究为目的，经过许可进行无线电通信的人713-05-22业余电台amateurstation无线电业余爱好者使用的无线电台。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.4.33)713-05-23民用频带citizensbandCB(缩写词)CB(abbreviation)分配给公众用于低功率传输的个人通信的射频频带。注:民用频带不应与无线电业余爱好者使用的频带相混淆713-05-24CB用户CBuser在民用频带运行其无线电设备的人注:CB用户与无线电业余爱好者不应混淆.713-05-25实验无线电台experimentalradiostation利用无线电波进行科学或技术实验的电台，业余电台除外。7频率和信道713-06-01频带Frequencyband在特定的两个界定频率之间的一段连续频率。 GB/T2900.54-2002注1频带由界定它在频谱中位置的两个值来表示，例如下限频率和上限频率，与带宽是由一个值来表征不同2用于通信中的频带和波段的命名法在表1及其注a,b,。中给出3某些频率范围有时用字母表示，这包括几个可能带有小写字母下标的大写字母。这些符号不表示准确界定的频带，而在某些无线电通信业务中用来表示指配给它们的频带在相应的频率范围内的大概位置。表2给出了用于雷达和空间无线电通信的标称频率限以及常用频带信息。当符号在文本中首次出现时，应注明对应的频带界限(可以是近似的)，或至少给出频带内的一个标称频率。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.6.29)表1频率和波段的命名法波段号频率范围(不包括下测量公制单位波段用米制波长范围(包括下限缩写(往a)限点，包括上限点)(注c)缩写表示点，不包括上限点)一1(注b)0.03-0.3Hz千兆米B.Gm1^-10Gm0(注b)0.3-3Hz百兆米B.hMm100^-1000M-I(注b)3-30Hz十兆米B.daMm10-100Mm2(注b)30--300Hz兆米B.Mm1^10Mm3ULF300^3000Hz十万米B.hkm100-1000km4VLF3-30kHz万米B.Mam10-100km5LF30^300kHz千米B.km1^-10km6MF300^-3000kHz百米B.hm100-1000m7HF3-30MHz十米B.dam10^100mSVHF30-300MHz米B.m1一lom9UHF300-3000MHz分米B.dm100-1000mm10SHF3^30GHz厘米B.cm10^100mm11EHF30-300GHz毫米B.mm1^10mm12300^3000GHz1/10毫米B.dmm100^1000Km133-30THz1/100毫米B.cmm10-1001m1430^300THz徽米B.pm1一10Fm15300^3000THz1/10微米B.dym0.1-1Pm注a“波段号N"指从0.3X10到3X10"Hz,b缩写ELF指波段一1到2的集合。c米制限定词和缩写不是侧量单位的名称或符号，因此在某些情形下可以使用几个前缀的结合。表2(提示类)—频带的字母符号标志用于雷达(GHz)用于空间无线电通信字母符号频谱范围常用极限标称标志常用极限(GHz)I1-21.215-1.41.5GHz频带1.525-1.710S2-42.3-2.52.5GHa频带2.5-2.6902.7-3.4 GB/T2900.54-2002表2(完)用于雷达(GHz)用于空间无线电通信字母符号频谱范围常用极限标称标志常用极限(GHz)C4-85.25-5.554/6GHz频带3.4-4.24.5-4.85.85-7.075X8-128.5-10.5Ku12^-1813.4-14.011/14GHz频带10.7^-13.2515.3^-17.312/14GHz频带14.0-14.5K182724.05~24.2520GHz频带17.7^20.2Ka27^4033.4^-36.030GHz频带27.5^30.0注:对于空间无线电通信，K和Ka频带常由单个符号Ka表示。713-06-02无线电频率(射频)radiofrequencyRF(缩写词)RF(abbreviation)周期性无线电波的频率或对应的周期性电振荡的频率。注:本术语及其缩写可修饰产生或收集辐射波的电装置。(修改GB/T14733.7-1993中的702.01.10)713-06-03微波microwave频率高于1GHz的无线电波，其波长很短，足以允许使用诸如波导、空腔谐振器或平面传输线等技术。注:本术语可修饰使用此类无线电波的装置或技术。713-06-04仁射频〕信道(radio-frequency)channelRF信道RFchannel无线电频谱中用于某个特定发射或传输的连续区域。注1一个射颇信道可由两个特定限值，也可由其中心频率和带宽，或其他任何等效指示值定义，在某些应用中常用一个信道序号表示.2为了能通过单工操作实现双向无线电通倍，一个射频信道可以分时使用3术语“信道”有时也用来表示两个相互关联的射频信道，每个频道用于双向传输的一个方向，即实际上构成的一个电信回路。713-06-05划分(频带的)allocation(ofafrequencyband)由国际或国家主管机构在特定条件下，有计划地将一个频带分配给一个或多个无线电通信业务或射电天文学。注:正式定义在ITU无线电规则中给出。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.2.1)713-06-06划分的频带allocatedfrequencyband按照划分规则分配给无线电通信业务或射电天文学的频带。713-06-07分配(无线电频率或射频频道的)allotment(ofaradiofrequencyorradio-frequencychannel)认可的主管机构按照频率划分规划在特定条件下有计划地将无线电频率或射频信道分配给一个或多个确认的国家或地区内的无线电通信业务。注:正式定义由ITU无线电规则给出。 GB/T2900.54-2002(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.2-2)713-06-08指配(无线电频率或射频信道的)assignment(ofaradiofrequencyorradio-frequencychannel)在一般地符合频率划分和频率分配规划的情况下，一个认可的组织对无线电台在特定条件下使用某个指定的无线电频率或射频信道的授权。注:正式定义由ITU无线电规则给出。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.2-3)713-06-09指配信道assignedchannel指配频带assignedband某给定电台已被授权发射的射频信道或射频频带。注1指配信道带宽等于必要带宽加上两倍的频率容限绝对值2当涉及空间站时，指配频带还包括对于地球表面任意点上可能发生的最大多普勒频移的两倍.(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.6.11)713-06-10指配频率assignedfrequency发射台的指配信道的中心频率。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.6-12)713-06-11特征频率(发射的)characteristicfrequency(ofanemission)在给定发射中易于识别和测量的频率。注:例如，载波频率可以作为特征频率。(与GB/T13622-1992中的3.6.13一致)713-06-12参考频率(发射的)referencefrequency(ofanemission)相对于指配频率，具有固定和特定位置的频率。注:此频率相对于指配频率的偏移与特征频率相对于发射占用频带中心频率的偏移具有相同的绝对值和符号。(与GB/T13622-1992中的3.6.14一致)713-06-13频率容限(发射的)frequencytolerance(ofanemission)发射占用频带的中心频率对于指配频率的最大允许偏差，或者更一般地说，发射的特征频率对于相应参考频率的最大允许偏差。注:颇率容限用赫兹或相对值表示，例如用百万分之几表示。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.6-15)713-06-14必要带宽(发射的)necessarybandwidth(ofanemission)对于一个给定的发射类别，能够保证信息在特定条件下按速率和质量要求传输的频带最小宽度。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.6-16)713-06-15基带baseband在传输系统的特定输人和输出点上，一个信号或一群复用信号所占的频带。注1在无线电通信中，基带是用来调制无线电发射机的信号所占的频带2当传输包括多次调制时，基带一般是指用于第一级调制的信号所占的频带，而不是指中间级已调信号所占的频带。(修改GB/T14733.7-1993中的702.01.06)713-06-16基带带宽basebandbandwidth在发射系统特定的输人和输出点处，一个信号或一组复用信号所占据频带的宽度。t5 GB/T2900.54-2002713-06-17带宽扩展比bandwidthexpansionratio必要带宽与基带带宽的比值。713-06-18占用频带(发射的)occupiedband(ofanemission)此频带上限以上以及下限以下的平均发射功率各等于给定发射的总平均功率的特定百分比R/2,注除非对涉及的适当发射类别另有其他规定，9/2应取。.s/713-06-19占用带宽occupiedbandwidth发射所占用频带的宽度。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.6-17)713-06-20共用频带sharedband在某一特定地理范围内，分配给多个无线电通信业务并且在某些条件下能被这些业务同时使用的频带。713-06-21相邻信道adjacentchannel在其中心频率按升序排列的无线电信道集内，给定信道的上一个或下一个信道。注1高于给定信道的相邻信道称为“高相邻信道”，低于给定信道的相邻信道称为“低相邻信道”。2两个相邻信道可能会有共同部分，称为频率重叠713-06-22第二相邻信道secondadjacentchannel在其中心频率按升序排列的无线电信道集内，高相邻信道的上一个信道或低相邻信道的下一个信道。713-06-23同频道的co-channel是指在相同射频信道内的发射或传输。713-06-24正交信道orthogonalchannels采用正交极化方式发射的两个射频信道。注:两种正交的极化方式是指线极化的两个电矢量互相垂直，圆极化的两个矢量的旋转方向相反713-06-25正交同频率的orthogonalco-frequency正交同信道的orthogonalco-channel指两个在相同射频信道中的正交极化发射或传输。713-06-26信道间福channelspacing在中心频率接升序排列的无线电信道华内，两个相邻信道中心频率之间的频率差。713-06-27偏置的offset指在中心频率1t升序排列的无线电信道集内，射频信道在频谱中的位置相对于正常位置变化了一个特定数值，此数值与信道间隔相比一般是很小的。注:信道偏置可以作为避免或减少干扰的一种手段713-06-28内插的interleaved指在中心频率按升序排列的原无线电信道集的主射频信道间插人附加射频信道，各附加信道的中心频率与主信道有显著不同，例如:相差半个信道间隔。713-06-29交替极化的alternatedpolarization交替的alternated指在中心频率按升序排列的无线电信道集内，相邻信道为正交极化的无线电信道排列。注:两个交替极化的相邻信道有时称为交替信道713-06-30频率再用frequencyre-use在同一个无线电台，或者在同一无线电通信系统或网络中的不同电台不只一次地同时使用 GB/T2900.54-2002同一无线电信道。注:在相同无线电台中，频率再用可能通过天线极化鉴别或多重天线波束来实现。8调制和信号处理713-07-01扩频调制spreadspectrummodulation调制的一种形式，发射信号的平均功率谱密度在比发送信息严格需要的带宽宽得多的频带上以随机或准随机方式扩展。注1扩频调制允许多路接人一个通信通道，并提高了抗射频窄带噪声和千扰的能力2本标准将IEC原文注1中的“抗射颇噪声”改为“抗射频窄带嗓声”。713-07-02直接序列扩频调制directsequencespreadspectrummodulation扩频调制的一种形式，每一个数字信息信号单元用伪随机数字序列方式发送，而该伪随机数字序列数字速率远远高于信息信号比特速率。注:调制载波的信号常通过在信息信号中加伪随机数字信号而获得。713-07-03跳频扩频调制frequencyhoppingspreadspectrummodulation一种载波频率在短时间间隔内自动变化的扩频调制形式，它以伪随机方式从一组频率中选择载波频率，这组频率所占据的频带带宽远远大于发送信息所需的带宽。注:频率变化的速率可以高于也可以低于信息信号的比特速率。713-07-04码片chip在数字无线电通信中，代表一个符号的信号的时间片，按照特定的规则，该时间片的发射特性与同一信号其他部分有明显的不同。注:在直接序列扩频调制中，码片对应于伪随机序列的一个数字。在快速跳颇扩频调制中，码片对应于信号保持在一个载波上的时间713-07-05能且扩散技术energydispersaltechnique通过人为改变功率随频率的函数分布，以减小无线电发射功率谱密度峰值的任何方法。注:通常在调制信号中加入重复波形达到能量扩散。713-07-06线性调频脉冲chirp有规则的脉冲序列;该序列中每个脉冲中的正弦载波是调频的，使得在每个脉冲持续时间内的瞬时频率在两个特定值之间线性变化。713-07-07链接压扩linkedcompanding语音信号的音节压缩和扩展。在这种方式中，为实现扩展，将压缩控制信号在独立的信道上发送，从而把扩展器链接到压缩器。713-07-08链接的压扩器linkedcompressorandexpander实现对音频信号的链接压扩的压缩器和扩展器的组合。713-07-09链路压扩器lincompex把扩展器链接到压缩器的信号在调频副载波上发送的链接的压扩器。注:ITU-R建议455和1111中有对此术语的描述。713-07-10同步压扩syncompex把扩展器链接到压缩器的信号是数字信号的链接的压扩器。注:ITU-R建议455中提到此术语。713-07-11突发式传输bursttransmission给定信息在一系列时间间隔中发送的一种传输方法，发送的时间间隔与无发射的相比短得多。注:发射激活期就是突发。17 GB/"r2900.54-2002(修改GB/T14733.5-1993中的721.54.02)713-07-12数字调制digitalmodulation用数字信号对正弦载波进行调制。注:数字调制一般为幅移键控、频移键控、相移键控或它们的组合.713-07-13n状态幅度相移键控n-stateamplitudephaseshiftkeying一种数字调制方式。调制信号的每一码元都由正弦振荡的相位和幅度的n个特定组合之一来表示。注:通常,n=2"P,P为整数713-07-14n状态正交幅度调制n-statequadratureamplitudemodulationn-QAM(缩写词)n-QAM(abbreviation)两个正交载波的幅移键控调制信号相加获得的n状态幅度相移健控。713-07-15信号星座(数字调制中的)signalconstellation(indigitalmodulation)在幅度一相位图中代表。状态幅度相移健控的调制信号的。个点的散布图。713-07-16数字参差调制digitaloffsetmodulation;digitalstaggeredmodulation一种调制方式。可被看作是时移数字信号对两个正交载波的调制，此数字信号从调制数字信号的奇序数或偶序数码元中获得，也可被看作一种正弦载波上的幅移键控，其相位对应于每个数字调制信号的码元都要旋转,r/20注:最小移频键控可以看成参差调制713-07-17简单[数字〕调制simple(digital)modulation其射频信号在抽样点最多有4个频率或相位或幅度值的数字调制。713-07-18多电平调制multi-levelmodulation其射频信号在抽样点有4个以上频率或相位或幅度值的数字调制。注:术语“多电平调制”指信号值的个数而不是指调制器输人端的功率电平713-07-19多状态调制multi-statemodulation射频信号在抽样点有4个以上相位和幅度状态的正交幅度调制。713-07-20频率变换frequencytranslation;frequencychanging;frequencyconversion将信号中所有频谱分量，从频谱中某一位置向另一个位置的转移，转移时任意两个分量的频率差和每一分量的幅度和相对相位保持不变。注:颇率倒里可以伴随着频率变换(与GB/T14733.7-1993中的702.06.65一致)713-07-21频率倒置frequencyinversion使信号中的任一对频谱分量频率差的符号改变。在倒置后的信号中，较高的频率分量代表原信号中较低频率的频率分量;反之，较高的原频率分量由倒置后的较低的频率分量来表示。(与GB/T14733.7-1993中的702.06.66一致)713-07-22变频器frequencychanger实现信号频率变换的信号转换器注:变频器由振荡器和混频器组成，通常其后接有带通滤波器。(与GB/T14733.7-1993中的702.09.37一致)713-07-23混频器(frequency)mixer一种非线性器件。它产生的振荡或信号的频率是两个输人振荡或信号频谱分量的整数倍的线性组合。注:通常，输出频率是输人频率的和或差。 Gs/T2900.54-2002713-07-24上变频诊up-converter输出信号频率高于输人信号频率的变频器。713-07-25下变频器down-converter输出信号频率低于输人信号频率的变频器。713-07-26中和neutralization消除非预期固有反馈(例如极间电容产生的反馈)的反馈补偿。713-07-27中和元件neutrodyne以中和为目的而插人放大器中的电路元件。9发射机和收发信机713-08-01[无线电〕发射机(radio)transmitter1一种产生要通过天线辐射出去的射频能量的装置，一般用于无线电通信。2由产生射频能量的装置及其相关天线组成的设备，一般用于无线电通信。注:某些无线电发射机用于制造人为干扰713-08-02收发信机transceiver;transmitter-receiver无线电发射机和接收机组合成一个单元，使用公用电路部件，通常共用同一天线进行发射和接收。注:收发信机常常用作便携台或移动台.713-08-03无线电话radiotelephone包含收发信机的电话终端。713-08-04仁无线电〕转发器(radio)transponder无线电发射机和接收机的组合，能自动发射信号以响应适当的触发信号。注:发射的响应信号一般不同于询问信号，其部分特性是预先确定的。713-08-05[无线电〕中继器radiorepeater转发器(无线电通信的)transponder(inradiocommunication)无线电台的一部分;是一种将接收信号经放大和任何特定处理后重新发射的设备，通常是进行频率变换的处理。注在英语中，当无线电台是空间站的，只使用术语“转发器(transponder)"713-08-06中继站relaystation立即或延迟重发一个与接收信号携带相同信息的信号的无线电台。713-08-07中继站(无线电中继系统中的)relaystation(inaradio-relaysystem)无线电中继系统中的无线电台，其主要装备为中继器，所具有的无线电特性与终端站完全相同。713-08-08终端站(无线电中继系统中的)Terminalstation(inaradio-relaysystem)位于无线电中继系统一个端点的无线电台，该电台要发送的信号或所收到的信号是以基带信号形式出现。713-08-09[透明〕中继器(transparent)repeater仁透明〕转发器(transparent)transponder除放大所接收信号并在必要时进行频率变换外，重发前不做其它预定的处理的无线电中继器。713-08-10再生[无线电〕中继器regenerating(radio)repeater再生转发器Regeneratingtransponder用于再生接收信号且重发该信号前通常要进行频率变换的数字信号无线电中继器。tg GB/T2900.54-2002713-08-11转播发射机rebroadcasttransmitter差转机transponser能接收声音或电视广播发射机的发射，并能同时在另一不同的无线电信道上发送相同节目的设备。注:在英语中，若在未解调时进行颇率变换，就使用“差转机(transposer)”这一术语713-08-12工作类别(放大级的)operationclass(ofanamplifyingstage)放大级有源器件的工作模式，对于正弦输人信号，它由电流输出通流时间在每个正弦周期中所占的比例来定义。注:有源器件可以是电子管或晶体管713-08-13A类(放大级的)classA(ofanamplifyingstage)放大级的工作类别，其特征是正弦输人信号的每个周期内，整个周期都有输出电流。713-08-14AB类(放大级的)classAB(ofanamplifyingstage)放大级的工作类别，其特征是正弦输人信号的每个周期内，远大于半个周期但不足一个周期有输出电流。713-08-15B类(放大级的)classB(ofanamplifyingstage)放大级的工作类别，其特征是正弦输人信号的每个周期内，大约一半周期内有输出电流。713-08-16C类(放大级的)classC(ofanamplifyingstage)放大级的工作类别。其特征是正弦输人信号的每个周期内，远小于半个周期有输出电流。713-08-17D类(放大器)classD(ofanamplifier)多级放大器的工作模式，输人信号先被转换为脉宽调制脉冲，进行放大，再用低通滤波器还原为原波形。713-08-18高功率调制High-powermodulation高电平调制high-levelmodulation高功率无线电发射机末级的幅度调制。713-08-19低功率调制low-powermodulation低电平调制low-levelmodulation高功率无线电发射机中非末级的幅度调制。10传输特征713-09-01发射(无线电通信中的)emission(inradiocommunication)1以无线电通信为目的，无线电发射机产生射频能量的过程。2无线电发射机产生的无线电波或信号。注:无线电通信中，术语“发射”不应该用于广义的射频发射，即电磁能量以无线电波形式从辐射源发出的现象。例如，来自无线电接收机本地振荡器的部分能量传送到外部空间是射频辐射，而不是发射。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.6.2)713-09-02射频辐射radio-frequencyradiation1在射频范围内能量以电磁波的形式从源发出进人空间的过程。2在射频范围内以电磁波形式通过空间传送的能量。713-09-03带外发射out-of-bandemission由调制过程引起的在紧靠指配信道外的频谱部分的发射，它无法减小，否则将影响相应信息的传输。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.6.8)713-09-04[划分]频带外发射out-of-(allocated)bandemission20 GB/T2900.54-2002对于所论及的无线电通信业务，在没有分配给它的频带中的发射。713-09-05杂散发射(发射机的)spuriousemission(ofatransmitter)指配信道外一个或多个频率的发射，可以减少其电平而不影响相应的信息传输。注:杂散发射包括谐波发射、寄生发射、互调产物以及颇率变换产物，带外发射除外。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.6-9)713-09-06无用发射unwantedemissions由杂散发射和带外发射组成的发射。713-09-07谐波发射harmonicemission频率为发射占据的频带内频率的整数倍的杂散发射。(与GB/T13622-1992中的3.6.32一致)713-09-08互调intermodulation出现在非线性器件或传播媒介中，由于一个或多个输人信号的多频谱分量之间互相作用，从而产生新的分量的一种过程。这些新分量的频率等于各输人分量的一些整数倍频的线性组合。注:互调可以是加在同一个或不同的输人端的单一非正弦输人信号或是几个正弦或非正弦信号所造成的。(与GB/T14733.7-1993中的702.07.65一致)713-09-09频率变换产物frequencyconversionproduct在产生发射载波的各振荡的某一频率处，或这些振荡的频率倍数或组合处的频率分量。713-09-10寄生振荡parasiticoscillation在设备中产生的无用振荡。其频率与工作频率无关，也与那些和产生所需振荡有关的频率无关。注:发射机的寄生振荡可产生杂傲发射。713-09-11功率谱powerspectrum以频率的函数形式表达的信号或噪声频谱分量的功率分布。(修改GB/T14733.7-1993中的702-04-43)713-09-12功率谱密度powerspectraldensity;powerspectrumdensityPSD(缩写词)PSD(abbreviation)对于具有连续频谱和有限平均功率的信号或噪声，表示其频谱分量的单位带宽功率的频率函数。(与GB/T14733.7-1993中的702.04.45一致)713-09-13带外频谱out-of-bandspectrum发射功率谱中包含带外发射的那部分功率谱。713-09-14允许带外频谱permissibleout-of-bandspectrum对于给定的发射类别，带外发射的任一离散分量的功率谱密度或功率的允许电平。713-09-15带外功率out-of-bandpower发射的带外频谱中所有频率处的总发射功率。713-09-16允许带外功率permissibleout-of-bandpower给定发射类别带外功率的允许电平。713-09-17峰值包络功率(发射机的)peakenvelopepower(ofatransmitter)正常运行条件下，在调制信号峰值处，一个射频周期内无线电发射机提供给天线馈线的平均功率。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.6.20)21 GB/T2900.54-2002713-09-18平均功率(发射机的)meanpower(ofatransmitter)正常运行条件下，与调制信号中最低频率的周期相比足够长的时间间隔内无线电发射机提供给天线馈线的平均功率。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.6.21)713-09-19额定输出功率(发射机的)ratedoutputpower(ofatransmitter)无线电发射机在特定运行条件下其输出端发送的功率。注:额定输出功率通常是指未调制载波功率或峰值包络功率。713-09-20载波功率(发射机的)carrierpower(ofatransmitter)在无调制情况下无线电发射机提供给天线馈线的功率。注:对于某些类型的调制信号或调制器，载波功率的概念是无意义的713-09-21仁绝对〕增益(天线的)(absolute)gain(ofanantenna)各向同性增益(天线的)isotropicgain(ofanantenna)天线在给定方向的辐射强度与在输人功率相同的情况下假定天线把所接受的功率向空间所有方向等量辐射时的辐射强度之比，通常用分贝表示。注1如果未给定方向，则指给定天线最大辐射强度的方向。2当用分贝表示绝对增益时，ITU建议采用符号dBi作为单位符号3天线在给定方向的辐射强度是指每单位立体角内的辐射功率。713-09-22部分增益(天线的)partialgain(ofanantenna)在给定方向，对一给定极化的那一部分辐射强度与假定天线把所接受的功率向空间所有方向等量辐射时的辐射强度之比，通常用分贝表示。注1如果未给定方向，则指给定天线最大辐射强度的方向2天线的绝对增益，等于用功率比表示的任两个正交极化的部分增益的总和。713-09-23相对于半波偶极振子的增益gainrelativetoahalf-wavedipole在给定方向以及特定的线极化条件下天线的部分增益与一个孤立于空间的半波偶极振子的最大绝对增益之比，一般用分贝表示，该偶极振子的指向平行于所给定方向上表征特定极化的电通量密度矢量的方向。注1如果未给定方向，则指给定天线最大辐射强度的方向。2当用分贝表示相对于半波偶极振子的增益.ITU推荐采用符号dBd作为单位符号713-09-24相对于短垂直天线的增益gainrelativetoashortverticalantenna在给定方向以及特定的线极化条件下天线的部分增益与一个垂直于理想导体平面，长度远远小于1/4波长的线性导体天线的最大绝对增益之比，一般用分贝表示，该线性导体天线的指向平行于所给定方向上表征特定极化电通量密度矢量的方向。注:如果未给定方向，则指给定天线最大辐射强度的方向。713-09-25等效全向辐射功率equivalentisotropicallyradiatedpowerEIRP缩写词)EIRP(abbreviation)无线电发射机供给天线的功率与在给定方向上天线绝对增益的乘积。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.6.24)713-09-26有效辐射功率effectiveradiatedpowerERP(缩写词)ERP(abbreviation)无线电发射机供给天线的功率和在给定方向上该天线相对于半波偶极振子的增益的乘积。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.6.25) GB/T2900.54-2002713-09-27有效单极辐射功率effectivemonopoleradiatedpowerEMRP缩写词)EMRP(abbreviation)无线电发射机供给天线的功率和在给定方向上该天线相对于短垂直天线的增益的乘积。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.6.26)713-09-28发射类别classofemission用标准符号标志的一组发射特性，例如:主载波的调制类型、调制信号、发射信息类型以及任何其他合适的信号特征。注:发射类别及其标准符号在ITU无线电规则中定义713-09-29连续波〔传输〕continuouswave(transmission)CW(缩写词)CW(abbreviation)正弦无线电波的发射，可用甚低频电报信号来调制。注:此类传输类型，用于例如无线电报713-09-30过调制overmodulation调制信号的某些峰值超过对所考虑的传输系统或设备设计的最大值的状态。注:在全载波幅度调制时，最大值对应于100%调制系数(与GB/T14733.7-1993中的702.06.19一致)713-09-31欠调制under-modulation调制信号的峰值长期明显低于所考虑的传输系统或设备设计的最大值的状态。(修改GB/T14733.7-1993中的702.06.20)11无线电接收和接收机713-10-01无线电接收radioreception检测射频辐射并提取某些特征，尤其是它所携带的信息。713-10-02[无线电〕接收机(radio)receiver1检测射频辐射并提取某些特征的装置。2在无线电通信中，与天线相连或包括天线在内的装置，用于从人射的射频辐射中选择所需的射频信号，加以放大，解调，且在必要时将恢复的信号转换成可直接应用的形式，如声音或图像。713-10-03直接接收straightreception;directreception(US)射频信号不经过频率变换，而直接加以放大、选择，然后解调以获得所需信号的无线电接收。注:相关术语:调谐接收机。713-10-04差拍式接收beatreception外差式接收heterodynereception输人的射频信号与本地产生的正弦振荡相结合进行频率变换的无线电接收。注:此术语的使用常常限于提供直接可用的音频信号。713-10-05超外差式接收superheterodynereception将输人信号经过频率变换通常使之有一个更低的固定载波频率，再经过一个固定调谐的选频放大器之后才解调的无线电接收。注:相关术语:超外差式接收机。713-10-06本地振荡器localoscillator产生用于信号频率变换的辅助振荡的振荡器。713-10-07低外差式接收机infradynereceiver23 GB/T2900.54-2002本地振荡器频率低于接收信号的频率的超外差式接收机。713-10-08高外差式接收机supradynereceiver本地振荡器频率高于接收信号的频率的超外差式接收机。713-10-09自差式接收autodynereception差拍式接收的一种形式，本地振荡是由提供频率变换的非线性器件产生的。713-10-10零差式接收homodynereception本地振荡与人射射频信号的载波同步的无线电接收。注:相干解调或同步解调的概念在IEC60050-702中有定义713-10-11中频intermediatefrequencyIF(缩写)IF(abbreviation)在无线电接收机或中继器中，每次频率变换后，对应于输人射频信号的载波或其他特征频率的信号频率。注1一个接收机可有不只一次的频率变换，因而有若干个中频2此短语或缩写，"IF"’可用来标记经无线电频率变换得到的频带或工作于此频带的装置713-10-12镜像频率(在超外差式接收中的)imagefrequency(insuperheterodynereception)在使用频率变换技术的无线电接收机中，以第一本地振荡器的频率为参考，与输人端的射频信号的频率对称的频率。注:本地振荡器的频率至少要等于输人信号频率的一半才存在输人信号的镜象频率。713-10-13再生接收机regenerativereceiver射频信号在放大后，有一部分反馈到接收机输人端的无线电接收机。注:此类接收是为了显著提高接收机的灵敏度和选择性713-10-14超再生super-regeneration在无线电接收机中，为提高灵敏度，利用正反馈产生受到超声频率的周期性的抑制的振荡。713-10-15分集[接收]diversity(reception)一种无线电接收方法，其合成的一个信号是从接收到的若干个传递相同信息的信号中得到，这些信号的无线电路径或传输信道至少在一个特性，如频率，极化方式，天线位置或指向上不同。注:因为在给定瞬间不同无线电路径或传输信道上传播条件的部分不相关性，合成信号的质量可高于单个信号的质量713-10-16时间分集timediversity信号或部分信号在同一无线电路径或传输信道上重复发送的无线电传输方法。注:这不是严格说的分集接收，只是信号重复。713-10-17分集度orderofdiversity分集接收所用的不同无线电信号的个数。713-10-18双重分集[接收〕doublediversity(reception)使用两个不同无线电信号的分集接收。713-10-19空间分集[接收]spacediversity(reception)在一个无线电台中使用彼此有适当距离的若干天线和相关联的接收机的分集接收。注:对于视距无线电中继系统，通常使用垂直分离，而对于超视距无线电中继系统，通常使用水平分离。713-10-20位置分集仁接收]sitediversity(reception)使用彼此有适当距离的若干个无线电台的分集接收。注:位置分集接收主要用于空间无线电通信。713-10-21频率分集[接收〕frequencydiversity(reception)24 GB/T2900.54-2002使用彼此有适当频率间隔的若干个无线电信道的分集接收。713-10-22跨频带分集「接收习crossbanddiversity(reception)无线电信道位于不同划分的频带的频率分集接收。713-10-23极化分集「接收]polarizationdiversity(reception)使用两个正交的极化波的分集接收。713-10-24角度分集仁接收〕anglediversity(reception)使用通常有小角度差的若干个指向不同方向的天线的分集接收。713-10-25分集增益diversitygain描述传输特征的一个随机变量的两个值的比值而此两个值是指在有分集接收时该随机变量超过某值的概率与无分集接收时该随机变量超过另一值的概率相同时所对应的这两个值。注1表征传输的特征随机变量可以是，例如，接收功率，传输损耗，噪声功率或误码率。2选定两个值的顺序以使比值大于1e3当量值是功率或损耗时，分集增益一般表示为分贝。713-10-26分集改善因数diversityimprovementfactor描述传输特征的一个随机变量在有分集接收和无分集接收情况下超过相同值的两个概率之比。注1表征传输的特征随机变量可以是，例如，接收功率，传输损耗，噪声功率，或误码率2选定两个值的顺序以使比值大于to713-10-27[分集〕合并器(diversity)combiner在分集接收中，从接收到的无线电信号中得到一个合成的信号的装置。713-10-28增强载波接收exaltedcarrierreception幅度调制信号的一种无线电接收的方法，它采用相对于边带幅度增加载波幅度的方法，来减少一定的失真。713-10-29本地载波接收localcarrierreception本地载波解调localcarrierdemodulation抑制载波信号的一种无线电接收方法，它利用理论上与发射机的载波频率相等的本地振荡对抑制载波信号进行解调。713-10-30恢复载波接收reconditionedcarrierreception恢复载波解调reconditionedcarrierdemodulation对于载波被减小的信号的一种无线电接收的方法，它先由滤波器将接收到的载波分量滤出来，加以放大，然后再用于直接解调或本地振荡器的同步。713-10-31噪声抑制muting静音squelch(US)当输人信号低于预定电平或信噪比低于预定值时，无线电接收机自动抑制输出端的信号。713门0-32降敏desensitizing当出现强干扰信号时，无线电接收机自动抑制输出端的信号。713-10-33自动增益控制automaticgaincontrolAGC(缩写词)AGC(abbreviation)自动音A控制(拒用)automaticvolumecontrol(deprecated)一种过程或装置，可用输出信号的电平控制放大器的增益，从而减小输出信号的电平变化25 GB/T2900.54-2002(与输人信号的电平变化比较而言)。注:自动增益控制经常用来保持输出信号电平接近恒定。713-10-34自动增益控制的[灵敏度〕门限(sensitivity)thresholdofautomaticgaincontrol无线电接收机输人端射频信号的最小电平，高于此电平时接收机的自动增益控制可保持输出信号电平接近恒定。713-10-35自动频率控制(超外差式接收机的)automaticfrequencycontrol(ofasuperheterodynereceiver)AFC(缩写词)AFC(abbreviation)在超外差式接收机中，用接收信号的载波频率作参考，自动纠正本地振荡器频率漂移的过程或装置。713-10-36自动频率控制的[灵敏度〕门限(sensitivity)thresholdofautomaticfrequencycontrol无线电接收机输人端射频信号的最小电平，高于此电平时自动频率控制可提供满意的纠正。713-10-37陷波器wave-trap无线电接收机中专门用于消除某些无用信号以减小对有用信号的干扰的滤波器。713-10-38音质控制tonecontrol调整音频放大器或无线电接收机的振幅一频率响应的控制装置，用以纠正输人信号的任何缺陷或使输出信号匹配听者的听力。713-10-39台间噪声抑制interstationnoisesuppression台间静噪interstationmuting噪声抑制(拒用)noisesuppression(deprecated)在接收机调谐过程中对无线电接收机输出信号的自动减弱或抑制。713-10-40波段扩展band-spreading无线电接收机上的设置，用它可在选定的窄带上进行扩展指示尺标的调谐。713-10-41预选信道⋯(限定词)preselected-channel(qualifier)用以描述无线电发射机或接收机的限定词，指仅用一个控制键就可从储存在仪器中的若干个信道中选出发射或接收信道713-10-42门限(解调器的)threshold(ofademodulator)解调器输人端的载噪比所需的最小值，大于此值时。输出端信噪比与输人端信噪比基本成比例。713-10-43调制增益modulationgain与参考调制相比，由于调制方式导致的解调器输出端信噪比的改善。注:调制增益以解调器输出端的信噪比除以输入端的载嗓比表示713-10-44门限扩展解调thresholdextensiondemodulation与按相同调制方式设计的常规解调相比，可提供更小门限值的解调。注:在频率解调中，门限扩展解调器在瞬时频率附近以窄带滤波的方式工作，其带宽比调频信号总带宽窄。713-10-45前置放大器preamplifier置于主放大器或一串放大器之前的放大器，一般用于提供具有足够大的功率电平的信号，或得到尽可能高的总信噪比。注:前置放大器经常以低嗓声放大器的形式，置于尽可能靠近天线或其他信号源的地方713-10-46低噪声放大器low-noiseamplifierLNA(缩写词)LNA(abbreviation) rs/T2900.54-2002特殊设计的具有尽可能低的噪声系数的放大器。注:这类放大器一般用作前>e放大器。713-10-47压控振荡器voltage-controlledoscillatorVCO(缩写词)VCO(abbreviation)频率是输人信号电压的函数的振荡器。713-10-48锁相环phaselockedloop;phaselockloopPLL(缩写词)PLL(abbreviation)使振荡器与输人信号的相位同步的反馈电路。713-10-49监视接收机watchreceiver一种无线电接收机，它仅有一部分连续工作，当接收到一个在调谐频率上的信号(可能是已编码的)，就可启动接收机及其各种相关装置的全部工作。713-10-50扫描接收机panoramicreceiver调谐频率在一定的频带中循环搜索，以确定发射在本频带内位置的无线电接收机。713-10-51自动扫描接收机automatic-scanningreceiver调谐频率在一定的频带中按顺序搜索，在搜索到特定特征的发射后停止搜索，或记录此发射的频率的无线电接收机。713-10-52灵敏度(接收机的)sensitivity(ofareceiver)1无线电接收机从微弱的输人信号中提供所需电平和质量的输出信号的能力2要能产生特定的电平和质量的输出信号，无线电接收机所需输人信号的最小电平。注:输出信号的质量通常以信噪比或误码率表示.713-10-53有限增益灵敏度gainlimitedsensitivity最大灵敏度maximumsensitivity对于设定为最大增益的无线电接收机Y要产生足够大电平且噪声电平可接受的输出信号，其输人信号的最小电平。713门0-54噪声限制灵敏度noiselimitedsensitivity可用灵敏度usablesensitivity无线电接收机在有外部噪声情况下要产生可接受质量的输出信号，其输人信号的最小电平。713-10-55固有灵敏度intrinsicsensitivity无线电接收机在假设没有外部噪声且增益足够高时要产生特定质量的输出信号，其输人信号的最小电平口注:固有灵敏度仅与内部噪声有关。713-10-56选择性(接收机的)selectivity(ofareceiver)无线电接收机把给定的有用信号从有微小频率差异的无用信号中分离出来的能力或这一能力的度量。713-10-57邻信道选择性adjacentchannelselectivity无线电接收机对信号频率间隔等于信道间隔的信号的选择性。713-10-58镜像抑制比imagerejectionratio当镜像频率信号和调谐频率信号输出功率相等时，在无线电接收机的输人端，镜像频率上的具有特定性质信号的功率与调谐频率上的具有相同性质信号的功率之比。713-10-59中频抑制比intermediatefrequencyrejectionradio当中频信号和调谐频率信号输出功率相等时，在无线电接收机的输人端，任一中频频率上的具有特定性质信号的功率与调谐频率上的具有相同性质信号的功率之比。27 Gs/T2900.54-2002713-10-60杂散响应频率spuriousresponsefrequency无线电接收机接收的辐射频率，它可能与本地振荡互调，而当互调产物中有与接收机中频接近的频率时，会产生对有用信号的干扰。注:可能的杂散响应频率主要是本地振荡器频率和中频的组合频率的分谐频，以及调谐频率的分谐频713-10-61杂散响应抑制比spuriousresponserejectionratio在输出功率相等的情况下，无线电接收机的输人端，任一杂散响应频率上的具有特定性质信号的功率与调谐频率上的具有相同性质信号的功率之比。713-10-62捕获效应captureeffect与解调有关的一种效应，尤其对于角度调制信号，当两个信号出现在无线电接收机的输人端的通带内时，只有较强输人信号的调制信号出现在输出端。713-10-63暂时降敏抑制temporarydesensitizingsuppression当一个较强的输人信号后面紧跟一个微弱信号时，由于自动增益控制引起无线电接收机灵敏度的暂时减小，导致部分或全部抑制此微弱信号。注:此效应尤其会发生在雷达接收机中。713-10-64交调cross-modulation在非线性设备或传输媒介中各信号间相互作用产生的无用信号对有用信号的载波的调制。713-10-65点噪声温度(单端口装置的)spotnoisetemperature(ofaone-portdevice)单端口装置中，在给定频率上除以玻尔兹曼常数的可换噪声功率谱密度。注I此定义假定量子效应可予忽略。2点噪声温度与装置阻抗的实部同符号。当实部为正时，可换功率变为可获功率.3若装置的阻抗的实部为正，其在给定频率的点噪声温度在数值上等于与该阻抗的实部相等的电阻的热力学温度，得到的热噪声可获功率等于该装置在同一频率的噪声可获功率.4从接收天线输出端看接收天线可视为单端口装置713-10-66等效[点〕噪声温度(线性双端口装置的)equivalent(spot)noisetemperature(ofalineartwo-portdevice)(符号:T(f))(symbol:T(f))将单端口装置与一给定线性双端口装置输入端相连，若此双端口装置产生的噪声被暂时抑制，则此单端口装置在给定频率的点噪声温度增加的值。所增加的值应使得与输人频率相应的输出频率处的噪声功率谱密度等于单端口装置和给定双端口装置的总噪声功率谱密度。注1此定义假定量子效应可予忽略2双端口装置的等效点噪声温度随连接到输人端的单端口装置的阻抗取值而变化.713-10-67点噪声因数(线性双端口装置的)spotnoisefactor(ofalineartwo-portdevice)点噪声系数(线性双端口装置的)spotnoisefigure(ofalineartwo-portdevice)(符号F(D)(symbol:F(f))出现于给定线性双端口装置输出端且在给定频率处的可获噪声功率谱密度，与唯一噪声源为热噪声时双端口装置输出端的谱密度之比。这种热噪声是由与双端口装置输人端相连的单端口装置引起的，并假定该单端口装置在所有频率处的点噪声温度都等于参考热力学温度，习惯上此值固定取在290K左右。注I点噪声因数F(f)与等效点噪声温度T(f)有关，如下所示F(f)=1+T(f)/T GB/T2900.54-2002式中:T。是参考热力学温度F(f)可用分贝表示，在英语中，比值以算术形式表达时一般用术语、oisefactor"，比值以分贝形式表达时一般用术语“noisefigure".12射频噪声和千扰713-11-01有用信号wantedsignal;desiredsignal传递用户所需信息的信号，或是用来让接收设备收到信号后产生一个预先设定的动作的信号713-11-02无用信号unwantedsignal;undesiredsignal在给定点接收到的与给定的有用信号不同的信号，它可能会损害对有用信号的接收。713-11-03无线电[频率」噪声(射频噪声)radio(-frequency)noise具有无线电频率分量的时变电磁现象，它明显不传递信息，可能与有用信号叠加或融人其中。注1在某些情况下，射频噪声可传递一些关于噪声源特征的信息，如噪声源的性质和方位。2不能分辨的信号的聚合也可能表现为射频噪声。713-11-04射频骚扰radio-frequencydisturbance具有无线电频率分量的任何电磁现象，它可引起装置，设备或系统的性能下降，或对生物或非生物产生不良影响。注:射频骚扰可能是射频噪声、无用信号或在传播媒介中信号本身的变化。713-11-05射频千扰radio-frequencyinterferenceRFI(缩写词)RFI(abbreviation)由射频骚扰引起的有用信号的接收性能的下降。注1英语中“interference(干扰)”和“disturbance骚扰)”两词经常不加区分地使用.短语“radio-frequencyinterference(射频干扰)”一般也用于射颇骚扰或无用信号2为了管理目的，ITU无线电规则中定义了不同级别的干扰，即可允许干扰，可承受干扰和有害干扰。713-11-06干扰信号interferingsignal对有用信号的接收有损害的信号。(与GB/T14733.7-1993中的702.08.31一致)713-11-07系统间干扰inter-systeminterference由其他特定系统产生的射频辐射对一个系统引起的射频干扰。713-11-08外部干扰interferencefromanexternalsource一个系统内由系统外部产生的射频辐射引起的射频干扰。713-11-09系统内干扰intra-systeminterference一个系统内由本系统产生的射频辐射引起的射频干扰713-11-10信号千扰比signal-to-interferenceratio信号/干扰比signal/interferenceratio(符号:SID(symbol;SIP在特定条件下所测量的传输信道的特定点上，有用信号功率对干扰信号加射频噪声的总功率之比，一般用分贝表示。注:特定条件包括:有用信号的性质和特征;干扰信号和射频噪声的性质和特征;29 GB/T2900.54-2002接收机及天线的特性，如带宽。(与GB/T14733.7-1993中的702.08.64一致)713-11-11保护比protectionratio在传输信道的特定点，一般在无线电接收机的输出端，为获得特定质量的信号所需的信号干扰比的最小值。713-11-12射频信号千扰比radio-frequencysignal-to-interferenceratioRF信号干扰比RFsignal-to-interferenceratio无线电接收机的输人端在特定条件下的信号干扰比。713-11-13射频保护比radio-frequencyprotectionratioRF保护比RFprotectionratio为在无线电接收机的输出端获得特定质量的信号所需的射频信号千扰比的最小值。(修改GB/T13622-1992中的3.7-5)713-11-14音频信号干扰比audio-frequencysignal-to-interferenceratioAF信号干扰比AFsignal-to-interferenceratio传输音频信号时无线电接收机的输出端在特定条件下的信号干扰比。713-11门5音频保护比audio-frequencyprotectionratioAF保护比AFprotectionratio传输音频信号时，为在无线电接收机的输出端获得特定质量的信号所需的音频信号干扰比的最小值。713-11-16视频信号:T扰比video-frequencysignal-to-interferenceratio传输视频信号时无线电接收机的输出端在特定条件下的信号千扰比。713-11一17视频保护比video-frequencyprotectionratio在电视接收机的输出端获得特定质量的信号所需的视频信号干扰比的最小值。713-11-18保护Mfprotectionmargin以对数形式表示的信号干扰比与保护比之比。713-11一19信噪比signal-to-noiseratio信号/噪声比signal/noiseratio(符号:SIN)(symbol:S/N)在特定条件下，在传输信道的特定点处(通常是在接收机的输出端)，有用信号功率与和它同时存在的噪声功率之比，一般用分贝表示。注1信号一般不能从噪声分离出来，实际上测量的是(信号十噪声)与噪声的比值2特定条件包括:有用信号的性质和特征;噪声的特性和特征;接收机及天线特性，如带宽。(修改GB/T14733.7-1993中的702.08.63)713-11-20载波干扰比carrier-to-interferenceratio(符号:C/I)(symbol:C/I)特定条件下，在接收机输人端，有用信号载波功率与干扰信号功率之比，通常用分贝表示。注1当存在几个干扰信号时，应考虑它们的功率和。2特定条件包括:一一干扰信号的性质和特征; GB/T2900.54-2002—接收机及天线特征，如带宽713-11-21载噪比carrier-to-noiseratio(符号C/N)(symbol:(/N)特定条件下，在接收机输人端，有用信号的载波功率与射频噪声功率之比，通常用分贝表示。注:特定条件包括:一无线频率噪声的性质和特征;—计人噪声的带宽713-11-22比特能f与噪声谱密度比bitenergytonoisespectraldensityratio(符号E/No)(symbol:E/No)在传输信道的一点，每个发送的二进制数字的信号能量与噪声功率谱密度之比，通常用分贝表示。713-11-23人为千扰jamming旨在使全部或部分有用信号成为不可懂或发生畸变的发射所产生的有意干扰。713-11-24大气噪声atmosphericnoise沿着地面和电离层下限之间的正常传播通道到达接收点的，由电离层以下的自然放电产生的无线电噪声。713-11-25天电atmospherics大气噪声的孤立成分。713-11-26喃声whistler沿着位于等离子层强色散媒质中的轨道到达接收点的由电离层以下自然放电产生的无线电噪声。注:啸声一般产生在LF,VLF和ELF中，它通常包括一个或几个音频分量，在几分之一秒到几秒的时间周期内，这些分量的瞬时频率在音频范围内平稳地下降。713-11-27宇宙噪声cosmicnoise地球大气层外的自然现象产生的无线电噪声。713-11-28人为噪声man-madenoise来源于人工装置的射频噪声。(修改GB/T14733.7-1993中的702.08.14)713-11-29骚扰抑制disturbancesuppression在骚扰源处削弱或消除射频骚扰的措施。713-11-30千扰抑制interferencesuppression在接收机处削弱或消除射频骚扰的措施。713-11-31交叉极化抵消器crosspolarizationcanceller在恶劣传播条件下，用于减小两个正交同信道信号之间或交替极化的两个相邻信道内的信号之间干扰的自适应藕合电路。713-11-32抑制器suppressor;suppressioncomponent专门设计用来进行骚扰抑制的电子部件13频率网络和运行713-12-01话下数据[传输〕dataundervoice(transmission)DUV(缩写词)DUV(abbreviation)模拟无线电系统的基带中，数据在频分复用信号所占频带之下传输的数据传输方法。 Gs/T2900.54-2002713-12-02话上数据[传输」dataabovevoice(transmission)DAV(缩写词)DAV(abbreviation)模拟无线电系统的基带中，数据在频分复用信号所占频带之上传输的数据传输方法。713-12-03数字无线电集中器〔系统〕digitalradioconcentrator(system)在中心站和远端站之间使用时分多址接人的点对多点无线电系统，其中心站根据需要为每个远端站分配时隙。713-12-04ALOHA系统ALOHAsystem运用随机多址接人和分组传输的无线电网络，该网络由许多站组成，这些站争用一个接人到中心站的无线电信道，而接受中心站在一个广播信道上的服务。注1在接人信道上发生同时传输的情况下，一般认为分组传输数据被破坏。2"ALOHA"是"randomassignmentmultipleaccess"的缩写。713-12-05时隙ALOHA系统slottedALOHAsystem不是完全随机地向中心站传送分组数据，而是在预先设定顺序的时隙中进行传输的ALO-HA系统。713-12-06甚小口径终端verysmallapertureterminalVSAT(缩写词)VSAT(abbreviation)具有小尺寸天线的地球站。注:甚小口径终端常在中祖站的控制下组成网络。713-12-07中枢[站〕hub(station)在通信网络中的台站，该站控制一群台站或子网，并为它们提供接人其他网络的可能。注:甚小口径终端网络的中枢站是一个地球站713-12-08频率捷变frequencyagility射频设备通常为避免人为干扰或被探测，从一个频率迅速跳到另一个频率的能力。 GB/T2900.54-2002附录A(提示的附录)中文索引C类(放大级的)·····。··············⋯⋯713-08-16CB用户······························⋯⋯713-05-24A类(放大级的)713-08-13DAB类(放大级的)713-08-14AF保护比713-11-15大气噪声······························⋯⋯713-11-24AF信号干扰比713-11-14带宽扩展比························⋯⋯713-06-17ALOHA系统713-12-04带外发射····························⋯⋯713-09-03带外功率··。···························⋯⋯713-09-15带外频谱·························。····⋯⋯713-09-13拜访位置寄存器713-03-37单基地雷达··························⋯⋯713-04-18保护比···⋯⋯‘·713-11-11等效仁点〕噪声温度(线性双端口装置的)···⋯⋯保护裕量713-11-18⋯。.。..⋯。二。....·.......·.········。⋯713-10-66本地载波接收713-10-29等效全向辐射功率··················⋯⋯713-09-25本地载波解调713-10-29低电平调制···························⋯⋯713-08-19本地振荡器713-10-06低功率调制···························⋯⋯713-08-19比特能量与噪声谱密度比713-11-22低功率信标···························⋯⋯713-04-06必要带宽(发射的)713-06-14低外差式接收机·····················⋯⋯713-10-07变频器········⋯⋯713-07-22低噪声放大器······················。·⋯⋯713-10-46便携电话713-03-12第二相邻信道·。························一713-06-22标准频率713-05-17地面台·······························⋯⋯713-02-04标准频率和时间信号业务713-05-16地面无线电通信····················⋯⋯713-01-06波段扩展713-10-40地球大气层的主要部分··。·········⋯⋯713-01-04捕获区713-02-20地球站································⋯⋯713-02-05捕获效应713-10-62地外文明探索·········。··············⋯⋯713-05-15部分增益(天线的)713-09-22点对点通信···························⋯⋯713-02-14B类(放大级的)713-08-15点对多点通信·······················⋯⋯713-02-15点对区域通信························⋯⋯713-02-16点噪声温度(单端口装置的).····⋯⋯713-10-65参考频率(发射的)713-06-12点噪声系数(线性双端口装置的).··⋯713-10-67侧视雷达713-04-20点噪声因数(线性双端口装置的卜··⋯713-10-67差拍式接收713-10-04电信接人点基站·····················⋯⋯713-03-11差转机。·⋯713-08-11电信接人点业务·····················⋯⋯713-03-10超视距无线电中继系统713-02-13调度系统·····························⋯⋯713-03-39超外差式接收713-10-05动目标显示雷达···。·················⋯⋯713-04-22超再生··⋯⋯713-10-14多电平调制···························⋯⋯713-07-18船舶电台713-03-17多跳卫星链路························⋯⋯713-02-25船舶应急发信机713-03-19多卫星链路···························⋯⋯713-02-24船上仁通信]电台713-03-18多状态调制·························⋯⋯713-07-1933 GB/T2900.54-2002D类(放大器)713-08-17海事卫星移动业务··················⋯⋯713-03-14海事移动业务························⋯⋯713-03-13航空电台······························⋯⋯713-03-23额定输出功率(发射机的)713-09-19航空器电台···························⋯⋯713-03-24二次雷达···.·........⋯⋯713-04-17航空卫星移动业务·················⋯⋯713-03-22航空移动业务························⋯⋯713-03-21合成孔径雷达，······················⋯⋯713-04-21发射类别····························⋯⋯713-09-28互调·································⋯⋯713-09-08发射台。·····························⋯⋯713-02-02划分的频带·························⋯⋯713-06-06发射(无线电通信中的..................713-09-01〔划分〕频带外发射·················⋯⋯713-09-04分配(无线电频率或射频频道的0""""713-06-07划分(频带的).······················⋯⋯713-06-05分集度·································⋯⋯713-10-17话上数据[传输」·····················⋯⋯713-12-02分集改善因数························⋯⋯713-10-26话下数据〔传输」·····················⋯⋯713-12-01分集〔接收」···························⋯⋯713-10-15恢复载波接收··························。⋯713-10-30〔分集〕合并器·······················⋯⋯713-10-27恢复载波解调························⋯⋯713-10-30分集增益·····························⋯⋯713-10-25混频器·································⋯⋯713-07-23蜂窝系统(无线电通信中的............713-03-27峰值包络功率(发射机的).········⋯⋯713-09-17服务区··································。。。二713-02-18基带·····································。·⋯713-06-15覆盖区(地面发射台的).·············一713-02-17基带带宽·····。·······················⋯⋯713-06-16覆盖区(空间站的卜················⋯⋯713-02-19基站············。·······················⋯⋯713-03-07基站控制器···························⋯⋯713-03-34集群系统······························⋯⋯713-03-38干扰信号·····························⋯⋯713-11-06寄生振荡···········。··············。。·⋯⋯713-09-10干扰抑制······························⋯⋯713-11-30监视接收机···························⋯⋯713-10-49港口电台······························⋯⋯713-03-16简单〔数字〕调制····················。·⋯713-07-17高电平调制··························⋯⋯713-08-18降敏····································⋯⋯713-10-32高功率调制···························⋯⋯713-08-18交叉极化抵消器·····················⋯⋯713-11-31高外差式接收机。····················⋯⋯713-10-08交调····································⋯⋯713-10-64各向同性增益(天线的卜··········⋯⋯713-09-21交替的·······························⋯⋯713-06-29功率谱·······························⋯⋯713-09-11交替极化的·····················。·····⋯⋯713-06-29功率谱密度···························⋯⋯713-09-12角度分集[接收]·····················⋯⋯713-10-24工作类别(放大级的卜··············⋯⋯713-08-12接收台··················。·············⋯⋯713-02-03共用频带······························⋯⋯713-06-20极化分集〔接收」·····················⋯⋯713-10-23固有灵敏度·························⋯⋯713-10-55镜像频率(在超外差式接收中的......713-10-12广播···································⋯⋯713-05-01镜像抑制比···························⋯⋯713-10-58广播[业务」····”·············，·······⋯⋯713-05-02静音·················。。···········。···⋯⋯713-10-31归属位置寄存器·······。·············⋯⋯713-03-36「绝对〕增益(天线的).···············一713-09-21国际原子时。·······。··················⋯⋯713-05-18过调制···············。················⋯⋯713-09-30可用灵敏度··⋯713-10-54空间操作业务二713-05-08海岸电台713-03-15空间分集「接收I713-10-1934 Gs/T2900.54-2002空间无线电通信····················⋯⋯713-01-05空间研究业务·······················⋯⋯713-05-10空间站(无线电通信的卜···········⋯⋯713-02-06偏置的································⋯⋯713-06-27馈送链路····························⋯⋯713-02-26频带··································⋯⋯713-06-01跨频带分集[接收习·················⋯⋯713-10-22频率变换·······⋯⋯‘·············⋯⋯713-07-20扩频调制·····························⋯⋯713-07-01频率变换产物······················⋯⋯713-09-09频率倒置····························⋯⋯713-07-21频率分集〔接收〕···················⋯⋯713-10-21雷达····································⋯⋯713-04-13频率捷变···························⋯⋯713-12-08雷达回波······。······················⋯⋯713-04-15频率容限(发射的........................713-06-13〔雷达」目标··························⋯⋯713-04-14频率再用二:.................................713-06-30雷达天文学··········。················⋯⋯713-05-13平均功率(发射机的).···············，·⋯713-09-18雷达信标······························⋯⋯713-04-23连续波[传输」·························。·⋯713-09-29链接的压扩器························⋯⋯713-07-08气象辅助业务························⋯⋯713-05-05链接压扩·····························⋯⋯713-07-07前置放大器···························⋯⋯713-10-45链路〔功率]预算····················⋯⋯713-02-10欠调制·································⋯⋯713-09-31链路压扩器·························。⋯⋯713-07-09切换(无线电通信中的).···········⋯⋯713-03-29邻信道选择性························⋯⋯713-10-57零差式接收····。······················⋯⋯713-10-10灵敏度(接收机的........................713-10-52人为干扰·⋯⋯713-11-23流星散射通信·.............................713-05-12人为噪声·⋯⋯713-11-28流星余迹······························⋯⋯713-05-11RF保护比·⋯713-11-13陆地台·································⋯⋯713-03-02RF信道⋯“.‘713-06-04陆地移动台···························⋯⋯713-03-08RF信号干扰比713-11-12陆地移动业务············。。········。·⋯⋯713-03-05轮询····························。·······⋯⋯713-03-45骚扰抑制·····························⋯⋯713-11-29扫描接收机··························⋯⋯713-10-50码片················。···················⋯⋯713-07-04扫描(射频信道的........................713-03-48漫游···································⋯⋯713-03-32上变频器·“”·”·”·“·············⋯⋯713-07-24漫游用户····························⋯⋯713-03-33射电天文学···························⋯⋯713-01-03门限(解调器的...........................713-10-42射频保护比·························⋯⋯713-11-13门限扩展解调························⋯⋯713-10-44射频辐射·····························⋯⋯713-09-02民用频带·····························⋯⋯713-05-23射频干扰·········。·············。·····⋯⋯713-11-05射频骚扰······························⋯⋯713-11-04〔射频〕信道···························⋯⋯713-06-04内插的··········⋯⋯713-06-28射频信号干扰比···················⋯⋯713-11-12能量扩散技术·⋯⋯713-07-05射频源·······························⋯⋯713-05-14n状态幅度相移键控713-07-13甚小口径终端························⋯⋯713-12-06n状态正交幅度调制713-07-14声音寻呼。····························⋯⋯713-03-41时间分集··········”·········，.·······⋯⋯713-10-16时隙ALOHA系统··················⋯⋯713-12-0535 GB/T2900.54-2002实验无线电台·············。·。········⋯⋯713-05-25卫星移动业务···············。········⋯⋯713-03-04世界时·························。·······⋯⋯713-05-19无绳电话机·····...........................713-03-09〔视距〕无线电中继系统·······。····⋯⋯713-02-12无线电报技术························⋯⋯713-05-04仁视距〕无线电中继链路···········⋯⋯713-02-12无线电波············。。················⋯⋯713-01-01视频保护比···························⋯⋯713-11-17无线电测定··························⋯⋯713-04-01视频信号干扰比·····················⋯⋯713-11-16无线电[传输口信道··················⋯⋯713-02-08收发信机······························⋯⋯713-08-02无线电导航··························⋯⋯713-04-02数字参差调制··············。········⋯⋯713-07-16无线电定位·························⋯⋯713-04-03数字无线电集中器「系统}·······⋯⋯713-12-03无线电定向···························⋯⋯713-04-04数字调制·························。····⋯⋯713-07-12仁无线电〕发射机····················⋯⋯713-08-01双重分集仁接收」·····················⋯⋯713-10-18无线电高度表·······················⋯⋯713-04-24双基地雷达·························。·⋯⋯713-04-19无线电高空测候器··················⋯⋯713-05-06双曲线无线电导航··················⋯⋯713-04-07无线电话·········。···················⋯⋯713-08-03双向寻呼······························⋯⋯713-03-43无线电话技术························⋯⋯713-05-03锁相环·································⋯⋯713-10-48无线电接收···················。·······⋯⋯713-10-01〔无线电〕接收机····················⋯⋯713-10-02无线电链路····························。⋯713-02-07台间静噪······························⋯⋯713-10-39无线电频率(射频).·················⋯⋯713-06-02台间噪声抑制·························。·⋯713-10-39无线电仁频率]噪声(射频噪声卜··⋯⋯713-11-03特征频率(发射的........................713-06-11[无线电〕台···························⋯⋯713-02-01天电··。································⋯⋯713-11-25无线电通信···························⋯⋯713-01-02调制增益······························⋯⋯713-10-43无线电通信业务···················⋯⋯713-01-08跳频扩频调制························⋯⋯713-07-03无线电显示寻呼····················⋯⋯713-03-42同步压扩······························⋯⋯713-07-10无线电信标···························⋯⋯713-04-05同频道的····，·························⋯⋯713-06-23无线电寻的·························⋯⋯713-04-25[透明」中继器······················⋯⋯713-08-09无线电寻呼···························⋯⋯713-03-40〔透明]转发器····················，···⋯⋯713-08-09无线电寻呼机············。·······⋯⋯713-03-44突发式传输··························⋯⋯713-07-11无线电业余爱好者·················⋯⋯713-05-21无线电制导···。。。·····················⋯⋯713-04-26无线电中继链路·····················⋯⋯713-02-11外部干扰·····························⋯⋯713-11-08〔无线电」中继器····················⋯⋯713-08-05外差式接收··························⋯⋯713-10-04无线电中继系统·····················⋯⋯713-02-11微波···············。····················⋯⋯713-06-03「无线电〕转发器·····················⋯⋯713-08-04微波链路···，····························一713-02-12无用发射······························⋯⋯713-09-06微波着陆系统························⋯⋯713-04-12无用信号································一713-11-02位置分集〔接收口·····················⋯⋯713-10-20卫星地球探测业务··················⋯⋯713-05-07卫星间链路······················。。···⋯⋯713-02-23系统间干扰··························⋯⋯713-11-07卫星连接·················。············⋯⋯713-02-21系统内干扰···························⋯⋯713-11-09卫星链路·。······························。⋯713-02-22下变频器····。。··········，·············⋯⋯713-07-25卫星陆地移动业务··················⋯⋯713-03-06陷波器································⋯⋯713-10-37卫星气象业务························⋯⋯713-05-09线性调频脉冲························⋯⋯713-07-06卫星通信(普通用途的卜···········⋯⋯713-01-07相对于半波偶极振子的增益······⋯⋯713-09-2336 GB/T2900.54-2002相对于短垂直天线的增益·········⋯⋯713-09-24允许带外频谱713-09-14相邻信道······························⋯⋯713-06-21杂散发射(发射机的)713-09-05小区间切换···························⋯⋯713-03-30杂散响应频率713-10-60小区内切换····。······················⋯⋯713-03-31杂散响应抑制比713-10-61小区(无线电通信中的》···········⋯⋯713-03-28啸声······。··············。············⋯⋯713-11-26谐波发射·············，··················一713-09-07载噪比···。。··························⋯⋯713-11-21协调世界时·····························一713-05-20载波干扰比························⋯⋯713-11-20信道间隔·····························⋯⋯713-06-26载波功率(发射机的....................713-09-20信号/干扰比·······················⋯⋯713-11-10再生接收机·························⋯⋯713-10-13信号星座(数字调制中的卜·········一713-07-15再生〔无线电」中继器·············⋯⋯713-08-10信号/噪声比·········。·········。··⋯⋯713-11-19再生转发器··························⋯⋯713-08-10信号干扰比··························⋯⋯713-11-10暂时降敏抑制·······。·。。···············一713-10-63信噪比·································⋯⋯713-11-19噪声限制灵敏度·······。···········⋯⋯713-10-54选择··································⋯⋯713-03-46噪声抑制··········⋯⋯.713-10-31;713-10-39选择性呼叫··························⋯⋯713-03-47增强载波接收························⋯⋯713-10-28选择性(接收机的卜···················一713-10-56占用带宽······························⋯⋯713-06-19寻呼接收机···························⋯⋯713-03-44占用频带(发射的)........................713-06-18正交同频率的························⋯⋯713-06-25正交同信道的························⋯⋯713-06-25压控振荡器······。··················⋯⋯713-10-47正交信道，.····························⋯⋯713-06-24业余电台····························⋯⋯713-05-22直接接收·····..............................713-10-03仪表着陆系统························⋯⋯713-04-09直接序列扩频调制··················⋯⋯713-07-02〔仪表着陆系统〕航向信标·········⋯⋯713-04-10指点信标·····························⋯⋯713-04-08「仪表着陆系统〕下滑信标·········⋯⋯713-04-11指配频带·，···················，········⋯⋯713-06-09一次雷达································一713-04-16指配频率··········。。··················⋯⋯713-06-10移动台············。················。···⋯⋯713-03-03指配(无线电频率或射频信道的卜··⋯713-06-08移动业务······························⋯⋯713-03-01指配信道··········。············。。·····⋯⋯713-06-09移动业务交换中心·················，⋯⋯713-03-35自动频率控制(超外差式接收机的)。········⋯⋯抑制器·································⋯⋯713-11-32“..⋯““.....··.··.·········..········。⋯713-10-35音频保护比。·······················⋯⋯713-11-15终端站(无线电中继系统中的).·⋯⋯713-08-08音频信号干扰比····················⋯⋯713-11-14中和···································⋯⋯713-07-26音质控制·····························⋯⋯713-10-38中和元件....................................713-07-27营救器电台···························⋯⋯713-03-25中继站································⋯⋯713-08-06应急示位无线电信标···············⋯⋯713-03-26中继站(无线电中继系统中的0.......713-08-07有限增益灵敏度················。。···⋯⋯713-10-53中频··································⋯⋯713-10-11有效单极辐射功率··················⋯⋯713-09-27中频抑制比··························⋯⋯713-10-59有效辐射功率························⋯⋯713-09-26中枢仁站]·························”·”⋯⋯713-12-07有用信号······························⋯⋯713-11-01转播发射机···························⋯⋯713-08-11宇宙噪声······························⋯⋯713-11-27转发器(无线电通信的).............·一713-08-05遇险频率·····················。······⋯⋯713-03-20自差式接收························⋯⋯.713-10-09预选信道·····························⋯⋯713-10-41自动频率控制的仁灵敏度〕门限···⋯⋯713-10-36允许带外功率·········。··············⋯⋯713-09-16自动扫描接收机·..........................713-10-5137 Gs/T2900.54-2002自动音量控制(拒用).···············。·⋯713-10-33总损耗(无线电链路的)713-02-09自动增益控制········..·.............⋯⋯713-10-33最大灵敏度·······⋯⋯713-10-53自动增益控制的〔灵敏度〕门限·····一713-10-34附录B(提示的附录)英文索引A(absolute)gain(ofanantenna)·····················。·····················。。························⋯⋯713-09-21adjacentchannel·········································。······················。。·····················⋯⋯713-06-21adjacentchannelselectivity·············，················。··········，··································一713-10-57aeronauticalmobileservice·······················.·。。···············.····。。。··········。········。·.·⋯⋯713-03-21aeronauticalmobile-satelliteservice·。·····························································⋯⋯713-03-22aeronauticalstation···············································。····································⋯⋯713-03-23AFprotectionratio···························································，······················⋯⋯713-11-15AFsignal-to-interferenceratio···························。··········································一713-11-14AFC(abbreviation)··················································································⋯⋯713-10-35AGC(abbreviation)···············································································..·.⋯⋯713-10-33aircraftstation···。···。·························。。····················································⋯⋯713-03-24allocatedfrequencyband·····························································，···············⋯⋯713-06-06allocation(ofafrequencyband)·····················。·。。···········，·，······························⋯⋯713-06-05allotment(ofaradiofrequencyorradio-frequencychannel)·································⋯⋯713-06-07ALOHAsystem·······························································，···········。。············⋯⋯713-12-04alternatedpolarization(adjective)····。。···························································⋯⋯713-06-29alternated(adjective)0"""""""""""""""""""""""························································。⋯⋯713-06-29amateurstation···············...··············。··········..··.·····················。··················一713-05-22anglediversity(reception)························。·。···································，··········⋯⋯713-10-24assignedband····。····························。························。。···························。·····⋯⋯713-06-09assignedchannel·······················································································⋯⋯713-06-09assignedfrequency···。·。。·················································。························⋯⋯713-06-10assignment(ofaradiofrequencyorradio-frequencychannel)······························⋯⋯713-06-08atmosphericnoise·········································································，···········⋯⋯713-11-24atmospherics·····················································，····································⋯⋯713-11-25audio-frequencyprotectionratio··································································⋯⋯713-11-15audio-frequencysignal-to-interferenceratio······················································⋯⋯713-11-14autodynereception·························································。······················⋯⋯713-10-09automaticfrequencycontrol(ofasuperheterodynereceiver)·································⋯⋯713-10-35automaticgaincontrol······································································。··。···。··⋯⋯713-10-33automaticvolumecontrol(deprecated)····························································⋯⋯713-10-33automatic-scanningreceiver.................................................................................713-10-5138 GB/T2900.54-2002Bband-spreading................................................................................................713-10-40bandwidthexpansionratio..................................................................""""^"^""""^713-06-17basestation...................................................................................................713-03-07basestationcontroller···········。·。·····························。。·······························⋯⋯713-03-34baseband···。·············.·..·····················.·..························，·.·..··..·.·.··。....·⋯⋯713-06-15basebandbandwidth......·.···············........······················.·..........······。········⋯⋯713-06-16beatreception................................................................................................713-10-04bistaticradar····························································································⋯⋯713-04-19bitenergytonoisespectraldensityratio············································”·······⋯⋯713-11-22broadcasting············································································.···········⋯⋯713-05-01broadcasting(service)·············································································⋯⋯713-05-02BSC(abbreviation)··············································································⋯⋯713-03-34bursttransmission二。.························...·····················.·.........···············⋯⋯713-07-11Ccapturearea⋯’二’·‘二’二‘二’.‘二‘二‘·⋯’二’··⋯‘.‘“’.’二‘二‘二‘二‘.‘.‘二’········⋯⋯‘二‘二‘·⋯713-02-20captureeffect···“·······”··”············“·····················································⋯⋯..713-10-62carrierpower(ofatransmitter)································································⋯⋯713-09-20carrier-to-interferenceratio················。。·········。········。·····。·····。····。·················。⋯⋯713-11-20carrier-to-noiseratio····.···························...··.·······························....···.⋯⋯713-11-21CBuser·······⋯⋯。....··.··。············.........····················.··.........·········。···⋯⋯713-05-24CB(abbreviation)·················...·..····················......····。·。···················⋯⋯713-05-23cell(inradiocommunication)······································································⋯⋯713-03-28cellularsystem(inradiocommunication)························································⋯⋯713-03-27channelspacing··········，·····································································⋯⋯713-06-26characteristicfrequency(ofanemission)·····························。·。······················⋯⋯713-06-11chip·······”·························““···········”·············，.··········”···························”⋯713-07-04chirp····”····························”··································································⋯⋯713-07-06citizensband······..························⋯⋯。二。..·····················.......·················。···⋯⋯713-05-23classA(ofanamplifyingstage)·································································⋯⋯713-08-13classAB(ofanamplifyingstage)············，.··················································⋯⋯713-08-14classB(ofanamplifyingstage)·································································⋯⋯713-08-15classC(ofanamplifyingstage)·································································⋯⋯713-08-16classD(ofanamplifier)·····················································，······················⋯⋯713-08-17classofemission·······················.·..·。.······。·············......··························⋯⋯713-09-28coaststation···························································································一713-03-15co-channel······························································································⋯⋯713-06-23connectionbysatellite··········································································，.··⋯713-02-21continuouswave(transmission)··············⋯⋯”·.··.············⋯⋯。......·.·.·············一713-09-29coordinateduniversaltime····················.······················⋯⋯。··················⋯⋯713-05-20cordlesstelephoneset·············································。。·································⋯⋯713-03-0939 GB/T2900.54-2002cosmicnoise713-11-27areacoverage(ofaspacestation)············⋯⋯“·713-02-19coveragearea(ofaterrestrialtransmittingstation)713-02-17crossbanddiversity(reception)713-10-22crosspolarizationcanceller·一713-11-31cross-modulation713-10-64CW(abbreviation)...713-09-29ndataabovevoice(transmission)··.·································································⋯⋯713-12-02dataundervoice(transmission)······················，··········。·“·····························⋯⋯713-12-01DAV(abbreviation)···”··”··················································.·..·..·..·..·..·..·.⋯⋯713-12-02desensitizing··········.···············“··················，.····························“·············⋯⋯713-10-32desiredsignal·····⋯⋯，’·············································································⋯⋯713-11-01digitalmodulation”···································“···········。············。······················⋯⋯713-07-12digitaloffsetmodulation;digitalstaggeredmodulation·······································⋯⋯713-07-16digitalradioconcentrator(system)""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""."".""""""""""""""""""""""""""""713-12-03directreception(US)··································“·········································⋯⋯713-10-03directsequencespreadspectrummodulation·“················································⋯⋯713-07-02dispatchsystem·························································。································⋯⋯713-03-39distressfrequency·····························。··························.··························⋯⋯713-03-20disturbancesuppression·····················“························································一713-11-29diversity(reception)·······································“········································⋯⋯713-10-15diversitycombiner······················································································⋯⋯713-10-27diversitygain··························································································⋯⋯713-10-25diversityimprovementfactor·····································································⋯⋯713-10-26doublediversity(reception)······························。········································⋯⋯713-10-18down-converter·············。·································。··········，·························⋯⋯713-07-25DUV(abbreviation)···································································。···········.···.⋯⋯713-12-01Fearthexploration-satelliteservice713-05-07Earthstation713-02-05effectivemonopoleradiatedpower713-09-27effectiveradiatedpower713-09-26EIRP(abbreviation)································.....·..·..·⋯⋯。.·..·............................⋯⋯713-09-25emergencyposition-indicatingradiobeacon713-03-26emission(inradiocommunication)713-09-01EMRP(abbreviation)713-09-27energydispersaltechnique713-07-05equivalent(spot)noisetemperature(ofalineartwo-portdevice)713-10-66equivalentisotropicallyradiatedpower713-09-25ERP(abbreviation)713-09-2640 GB/T2900.54-2002exaltedcarrierreception713-10-28experimentalradiostation713-05-25feederlink713-02-26frequencyagility713-12-08Frequencyband·······················，·························。·······································⋯⋯713-06-01frequencychanger..............................................................························⋯⋯713-07-22frequencychanging713-07-20frequencyconversion713-07-20frequencyconversionproduct..........................................................................⋯713-09-09frequencydiversity(reception)713-10-21frequencyhoppingspreadspectrummodulation713-07-03frequencyinversion713-07-21frequencyre-use·················································，.··············。················。·⋯⋯.713-06-30frequencytolerance(ofanemission)··························，···································⋯⋯713-06-13frequencytranslation713-07-20(frequency)mixer···················································································⋯⋯713-07-23Ggainlimitedsensitivity··································.··········。···············。··········。···。···。⋯713-10-53gainrelativetoahalf-wavedipole........................................................................713-09-23gainrelativetoashortverticalantenna·····················”··”······························⋯⋯713-09-24glideslope···········，········································································。·········⋯⋯713-04-11GMT(abbreviationstronglydeprecatedinthissense)···························。···········⋯⋯713-05-19Hhand-off(inradiocommunication)····。·············⋯⋯‘二‘·⋯‘·“.”‘””“‘·”‘”‘”“”’‘””713-03-29handover(inradiocommunication)713-03-29harmonicemission·········。⋯⋯“。·。··。。。。····························。···························⋯⋯713-09-07heterodynereception·············································································。。····⋯⋯713-10-04high-levelmodulation713-08-18High-powermodulation713-08-18HLR(abbreviation)························。。··。·。·。··。················································⋯⋯713-03-36homelocationregister713-03-36homodynereception713-10-10hub(station)············································.·····...。。。。·。。·。·····。··。·····················。··⋯713-12-07hyperbolicradionavigation713-04-07IF(abbreviation)713-10-11ILS(abbreviation).....................................713-04-09imagefrequency(insuperheterodynereception)713-10-1241 cB/T2900.54-2002imagerejectionratio········································。···········。···。。·····················⋯⋯713-10-58infradynereceiver····················································································⋯⋯713-10-07instrumentlandingsystem········································································⋯⋯713-04-09(instrumentlandingsystem)glidepath·········“··········”··································⋯⋯713-04-11(instrumentlandingsystem)localizer··························································⋯⋯713-04-10intercellhand-off............................................................................................713-03-30intercellhandover二”.·.⋯⋯。”...················。······································.·....·.⋯⋯713-03-30interferencefromanexternalsource·····························，··················，.········⋯⋯713-11-08interferencesuppression··········································································⋯⋯713-11-30interferingsignal··········，·········································································⋯⋯713-11-06interleaved·····································“·······················································⋯⋯713-06-28intermediatefrequency······································································。···⋯⋯713-10-11intermediatefrequencyrejectionratio·····”··················，.····························⋯⋯713-10-59intermodulation·····································.·.·.....········。······························⋯⋯713-09-08internationalatomictime····..··············································..，....·.·。。·········⋯⋯713-05-18inter-satellitelink二。.·......·..⋯⋯。...·.·····················。····························.....·.···⋯⋯713-02-23interstationnoisesuppression·······································································⋯⋯713-10-39interstationmuting················································································⋯⋯713-10-39inter-systeminterference······································································。·····⋯⋯713-11-07intracellhand-off⋯。.⋯⋯。.......··········。································。····.··..··.·······⋯⋯713-03-31intracellhandover·······································，·······················。·。····。··。···。······⋯⋯713-03-31infra-systeminterference·······························。···········。······························⋯⋯713-11-09intrinsicsensitivity..........................................................................................713-10-55isotropicgain(ofanantenna)···················································。·················⋯⋯713-09-21J713-11-23lammingLlandmobileservice···············.········..·..⋯⋯。...·...····································⋯⋯713-03-05landmobilestation··························································.。。。···。·。···········⋯⋯713-03-08landmobile-satelliteservice.......................................................*,**,""""""...,...........713-03-06landstation·························································································⋯⋯713-03-02lincompex···························································。·································⋯⋯713-07-09(line-of-sight)radio-relaylink·····················································，·············⋯⋯713-02-12(line-of-sight)radio-relaysystem··········································。·······················⋯⋯713-02-12link(power)budget..........................................................................................713-02-10linkedcompanding·······”··········································································⋯⋯713-07-07linkedcompressorandexpander···································································⋯⋯713-07-08LNA(abbreviation)·············································································⋯⋯.713-10-46localcarrierdemodulation·········.···.···········.....·....·.·⋯⋯”。.....··················⋯⋯713-10-29localcarrierreception················”·····························································⋯⋯713-10-29localoscillator.....................................................................·。。·.·..。·..··。··。··⋯⋯713-10-0642 GB/T2900.54-2002LOSRRL(abbreviation)713-02-12low-levelmodulation713-08-19low-noiseamplifier713-10-46low-powerbeacon·⋯⋯713-04-06low-powermodulation713-08-19MmajorportionoftheEarth"satmosphere···································，.·················⋯⋯713-01-04man-madenoise···············.·...···················⋯⋯”..···········⋯⋯。......·············⋯⋯713-11-28maritimemobileservice···············.·....···············⋯⋯。.·....··.·············...·······⋯⋯713-03-13maritimemobile-satelliteservice·····································································⋯⋯713-03-14markerbeacon·································。··················································⋯⋯.713-04-08maximumsensitivity····································································.···⋯⋯”⋯⋯713-10-53meanpower(ofatransmitter)·································································”⋯⋯713-09-18meteorscatteringcommunication...................................................--.······⋯⋯713-05-12meteortrail···························································································⋯⋯713-05-11meteorologicalaidsservice·····································································⋯⋯’.·713-05-05meteorological-satelliteservice····················································.”·········⋯⋯713-05-09microwave................................................············.·..·.···········......··..·⋯⋯713-06-03microwavelandingsystem·。。······································································⋯⋯713-04-12microwavelink···································································，···············⋯⋯’713-02-12MLS(abbreviation)·········································。······································⋯⋯713-04-12mobileservice⋯⋯。.....·········⋯⋯。.⋯⋯。···········⋯⋯”。..·······..·....··········.⋯⋯713-03-01mobileserviceswitchingcenter·································⋯⋯““·”二”··················⋯⋯713-03-35mobilestation····················........···.··········⋯⋯。.··················..················⋯⋯713-03-03mobile-satelliteservice.......··········⋯⋯“。··.·················.....·..···············.·。·····⋯⋯713-03-04modulationgain·································。·。。·············································。······⋯⋯713-10-43monostaticradar··············································。···················.··················⋯⋯713-04-18movingtargetsindicationradar············································.·····················⋯⋯713-04-22MSC(abbreviation).........................................................................................713-03-35MTI(abbreviation)·········。。················。················...··············.·..·.···········⋯⋯713-02-22multi-hopsatellitelink······。··················································.·······.·········⋯⋯.713-02-25multi-levelmodulation······。··。···········⋯⋯”。..·········⋯⋯。··············.·......·········⋯⋯713-07-18multi-satellitelink···.·。··。·······························.。···。·············..·.·.···············.⋯⋯713-02-24multi-statemodulation·······，·.·。··........................................................................713-07-19muting·······················································.········································⋯⋯713-1。下31Nnecessarybandwidth(ofanemission)············，···············.················.·.·········⋯⋯713-06-14neutralization···········································································，.············⋯⋯713-07-26neutrodyne·····················································.························。.··········.⋯⋯713-07-27noiselimitedsensitivity·········································································.⋯⋯713-10-54noisesuppression(deprecated)······································‘····························.⋯⋯713-10-3943 Gs/T2900.54-2002n-QAM(abbreviation)··········⋯⋯713-07-14n-stateamplitudephaseshiftkeying713-07-13n-statequadratureamplitudemodulation713-07-140occupiedband(ofanemission)713-06-18occupiedbandwidth713-06-19offset713-06-27on-board(communication)station·····························································⋯⋯713-03-18operationclass(ofanamplifyingstage)713-08-12orderofdiversity713-10-17orthogonalchannels713-06-24orthogonalco-channel713-06-25orthogonalco-frequency713-06-25out-of-(allocated)bandemission············“··············································。·····⋯⋯713-09-04out-of-bandemission713-09-03out-of-bandpower713-09-15out-of-bandspectrum·············”··················································.·..·..·.....·.⋯⋯713-09-13overmodulation713-09-30Ppagingreceiver··························································································一713-03-44panoramicreceiver..........................................................................................713-10-50parasiticoscillation·················································”····························⋯⋯713-09-10partialgain(ofanantenna)...........................................................................·一713-09-22peakenvelopepower(ofatransmitter)···························································⋯⋯713-09-17permissibleout-of-bandpower·································································⋯⋯713-09-16permissibleout-of-bandspectrum···········。····················································⋯⋯713-09-14phaselockedloop;phaselockloop。·············································。。···············⋯⋯713-10-48PLL(abbreviation)··································································。··············⋯⋯713-10-48point-to-areacommunication······································································⋯⋯713-02-16point-to-multipointcommunication····························································⋯⋯713-02-15point-to-pointcommunication·······。··································。····························⋯⋯713-02-14polarizationdiversity(reception)·························································。。······⋯⋯713-10-23polling····································································································⋯⋯713-03-45portstation···························································································⋯⋯713-03-16portabletelephone················································。·。·································。·⋯⋯713-03-12powerspectraldensity···········································································”···⋯⋯713-09-12powerspectrum⋯“··.··.··················，·······一‘........................................................713-09-11powerspectrumdensity·····························。··········································。······。⋯713-09-12preamplifier······················。········································································。⋯713-10-45preselected-channel(qualifier)·······················.·····························。·。···············⋯⋯713-10-41primaryradar················································。。··········································⋯⋯713-04-1644 Gs/T2900.54-2002protectionmargin·······················································································⋯⋯713-11-18protectionratio·····················································································⋯⋯713-11-11PSD(abbreviation)······。·······································································，.··⋯713-09-12radar713-04-13radarastronomy713-05-13radarbeacon;racon713-04-23radarecho713-04-15(radar)target713-04-14radio(transmission)channel..。。⋯”································...........:........................713-02-08radioaltimeter713-04-24radioastronomy。··············································。····················⋯⋯‘.’二‘二‘二‘二‘二‘二713-01-03radiobeacon713-04-05radiocommunicationservice713-01-08radiodirection-finding················································································⋯⋯713-04-04radiodisplaypaging··················································································⋯⋯713-03-42radiofrequency713-06-02radioguidance713-04-26radiohoming·······················································································⋯⋯713-04-25radiolink713-02-07radiopager.............................................................................................’二‘··⋯713-03-44radiopaging713-03-40(radio)receiver······················。。。.。。。。·。········································.....·。·······⋯⋯713-10-02radioreception713-10-01radiorepeater························································································。⋯⋯713-08-05radiosource713-05-14(radio)station713-02-01radiotelegraphy································“·················。·································⋯⋯’二713-05-04radiotelephone713-08-03radiotelephony713-05-03(radio)transmitter713-08-01(radio)transponder713-08-04radiowave713-01-01radio(-frequency)noise713-11-03radio-amateur·····························。···························。···············。·。···············⋯⋯713-05-21radiocommunication713-01-02radiodetermination713-04-01radio-frequencychannel713-06-04radio-frequencydisturbance········································································⋯⋯713-11-04radio-frequencyinterference713-11-05radio-frequencyprotectionratio713-11-13radio-frequencyradiation··············································································⋯⋯713-09-0245 cs/T2900.54-2002radio-frequencysignal-to-interferenceratio··················”·································⋯⋯713-11-12radiolocation····”····································”··········································⋯⋯’.·“·713-04-03radionavigation··········，.····················”························..··············..·····⋯⋯.713-04-02radio-relaylink······”································································.··.·········⋯⋯713-02-11radio-relaysystem········································。·······························.············⋯⋯713-02-11radiosonde⋯，·······.··。···············.。。···············.。···············。.······················⋯⋯713-05-06ratedoutputpower(ofatransmitter)······························.··.············.·⋯⋯.“·713-09-19rebroadcasttransmitter·.....············....·············.....···········.·.···········....⋯⋯713-08-11receivingstation····”································”··········.···············.················⋯⋯713-02-03reconditionedcarrierdemodulation···········...············..······⋯⋯.。....··········⋯⋯713-10-30reconditionedcarrierreception···········································.·····················⋯⋯713-10-30referencefrequency(ofanemission)····································⋯⋯”·⋯”···⋯⋯”·⋯⋯713-06-12regenerating(radio)repeater································⋯⋯“·“·”·”·⋯⋯“·”··········⋯⋯713-08-10Regeneratingtransponder···································⋯⋯”··········⋯⋯’········⋯⋯713-08-10regenerativereceiver·································”····⋯⋯“····································⋯⋯713-10-13relaystation·························”····························································⋯.⋯713-08-06relaystation(inaradio-relaysystem)····““·······························。··········.······⋯⋯713-08-07RFchannel································“·”························································⋯⋯713-06-04RFprotectionratio..........................................................................................713-11-13RFsignal-to-interferenceratio··································.····························.··⋯⋯713-11-12RF(abbreviation)····。·····。··。·············。。。············.................................................713-06-02RFI(abbreviation)···········....··········⋯⋯。.··············...······。······....···········⋯⋯713-11-05roaming·········································”························.··.························⋯⋯713-03-32roamingsubscriber··················································.···············.·············⋯⋯713-03-33RRL(abbreviation)·······.··。·····⋯⋯，.······················.··················.···············⋯⋯713-02-11SSAR(abbreviation)································。············································⋯⋯713-04-21satellitecommunication(bycommonusage)·············································.···，.⋯⋯713-01-07satellitelink···。·····.··.·················.....············....···············.·...·············.·.⋯⋯713-02-22scanning(ofRFchannels)···········································.·.······⋯⋯’.··.······⋯⋯713-03-48searchforextra-terrestrialintelligence·························································⋯⋯713-05-15secondadjacentchannel·······························“········································⋯⋯713-06-22secondaryradar························································.················.············⋯⋯713-04-17selecting·············”····················································.···················.·········⋯⋯713-03-46selectivecalling···”·······················‘····························································⋯⋯713-03-47selectivity(ofareceiver)···········································································⋯⋯713-10-56sensitivity(ofareceiver)······························“·············································⋯⋯713-10-52(sensitivity)thresholdofautomaticfrequencycontrol·····························‘·········⋯⋯713-10-36(sensitivity)thresholdofautomaticgaincontrol""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""713-10-34servicearea..·················⋯⋯“。···············。·.·...。·.············.........·············...⋯⋯713-02-18SETI(abbreviation)·················································································⋯⋯713-05-15sharedband·········...····················.··.。。···················。··················.·.·········⋯⋯713-06-2046 cs/T2900.54-2002shipstation713-03-17ship"semergencytransmitter713-03-19side-lookingradar713-04-20signalconstellation(indigitalmodulation)713-07-15signal/interferenceratio713-11-10signal/noiseratio713-11-19signal-to-interferenceratio713-11-10signal-to-noiseratio713-11-19simple(digital)modulation···········································“····.·..·..·..·..·..·..·..·.⋯⋯713-07-17sitediversity(reception)713-10-20slottedALOHAsystem713-12-05SLR(abbreviation)713-04-20spacediversity(reception)713-10-19spaceoperationservice··.·..·..··.····.···················.·⋯⋯”⋯“.··.················..·.....·.一713-05-08spaceradiocommunication713-01-05spaceresearchservice··············”··“····“···“·“···············”···········..·.....·.......⋯⋯713-05-10spacestation(inradiocommunication)713-02-06spotnoisefactor(ofalineartwo-portdevice)·································.⋯⋯。·。.·..·.⋯⋯713-10-67spotnoisefigure(ofalineartwo-portdevice).........................................................713-10-67spotnoisetemperature(ofaone-portdevice)713-10-65spreadspectrummodulation713-07-01spuriousemission(ofatransmitter)713-09-05spuriousresponsefrequency713-10-60spuriousresponserejectionratio·.·.·.·.··········.......⋯⋯‘······················。·⋯。...⋯⋯713-10-61squelch(US)713-10-31standardfrequency713-05-17standardfrequencyandtimesignalservice713-05-16straightreception··········，.·································································..·....⋯⋯713-10-03superheterodynereception713-10-05super-regeneration713-10-14suppressioncomponent.......................................................................................713-11-32suppressor713-11-32supradynereceiver713-10-08survivalcraftstation713-03-25syncompex713-07-10syntheticapertureradar713-04-21TTAI(abbreviation)713-05-18telepointbasestation713-03-11telepointservice·······································································.....·..·.⋯⋯713-03-10temporarydesensitizingsuppression713-10-63Terminalstation(inaradio-relaysystem)713-08-0847 GB/T2900.54-2002terrestrialradiocommunication713-01-06terrestrialstation713-02-04threshold(ofademodulator)713-10-42thresholdextensiondemodulation713-10-44timediversity·····················································································⋯⋯.713-10-16tonecontrol713-10-38713-03-41tonepagingtotalloss(ofaradiolink)713-02-09transceiver713-08-02trans-horizon-radio-relaysystem713-02-13transmitter-receiver713-08-02transmittingstation713-02-02713-08-09transparentrepeater“..⋯⋯“⋯‘二“““..⋯’⋯.’.............⋯.⋯‘.............⋯⋯.“二“...⋯⋯transparenttransponder713-08-09transponder(inradiocommunication)713-08-05transponser713-08-11trunkedsystem713-03-38two-waypaging.⋯“..⋯⋯”...............................................................................713-03-43under-modulation·················································································⋯⋯713-09-31undesiredsignal····································································“···········，.··⋯⋯.713-11-02universaltime·····················································································⋯⋯713-05-19unwantedemissions··········，·。··。。。。·。·····。·。················································⋯⋯713-09-06unwantedsignal...............................................................................................713-11-02up-converter···················.·...··..·.............·.....·..·..··.································⋯⋯713-07-24usablesensitivity················································································⋯⋯713-10-54UT(abbreviation)·················.·.··.......’·.。。。·.····。·······································⋯⋯713-05-19VCO(abbreviation)················································································⋯⋯713-10-47verysmallapertureterminal····························································⋯⋯.713-12-06video-frequencyprotectionratio·································································⋯⋯713-11-17video-frequencysignal-to-interferenceratio·······，.·········································⋯⋯713-11-16visitorlocationregister·”································.·····································⋯⋯713-03-37VLR(abbreviation)················································”···································一713-03-37voltage-controlledoscilator································································⋯⋯713-10-47VSAT(abbreviation)······...............................................................................713-12-06Wwantedsignal·························································································⋯⋯713-11-01watchreceiver713-10-49wave-trap713-10-37whistler713-11-2648'