GBT 2900.67-2004 电工术语 非广播用摄像机.pdf 15页

'ICS01.040.33M71遏8中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T2900.67-2004/IEC60050-808:2002电工术语非广播用摄像机Electrotechnicalterminology-Videocamerasfornon-broadcasting(IEC60050-808:2002，Internationalelectrotechnicalvocabulary-Part808:Videocamerasfornon-broadcasting,IDT)2004-05-13发布2004-12-01实施中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局发布备中国国家标准化管理委员会 GB/T2900.67-2004/IEC60050-808:2002目次前言··，，，···························，，，·····‘··················，，，，，···························，，·····。················一田1范围·······························，··············································································⋯⋯12术语和定义·····································.......................······································⋯⋯12.1通用部分····················，····，········································································⋯⋯12.2特性······················，·，，·············，·········，，·······················，·，，，··················，··⋯⋯12.3测量····1·············，，，，，，，··················，··，，，，，，··················，，·，，，，，，·...................22.4现象·····················，，，，，·······················，········································‘···············，，二42.5器件与元件················，，·························································，····‘·················⋯⋯52.6信号处理······················································································，··············⋯⋯52.7自动控制·····································································································，·⋯6中文索弓卜················.....................············································一‘‘···············⋯⋯7英文索引···········································································································一10 GB/T2900.67-2004/IEC60050-808:2002前言GB/T2900的本部分等同采用IEC60050-808:2002《国际电工词汇第808部分:非广播用摄像机名词术语》，除按照GB/T1.1所做的编辑性的修改外，所有的技术内容与IEC60050-808:2002保持一致。为便于使用，本标准做了下列编辑性修改:a)删除国际标准的前言;b)删除国际标准中其他语言的术语和定义;c)用小数点‘’代替作为小数点的逗号‘，’。本标准中术语编号与IEC60050-808:2002保持一致。本标准由全国电工术语标准化技术委员会提出。本标准由全国电工术语标准化技术委员会归口。本标准负责起草单位:信息产业部电子四所、机械科学研究院。本标准参加起草单位:中国电子科技集团公司第三研究所、北京广播学院、上海索广电子有限公司、北京JVC电子产业有限公司。本标准主要起草人:赵新华、张崎、付淑云、杨芙、刘全恩、李剑、汪莉、毛福明、李晓斌。 GB/T2900.67-2004/IEC60050-808:2002电工术语非广播用摄像机范围本标准规定了非广播用摄像机生产和应用领域所用的一般术语。本标准适用于非广播用摄像机。2术语和定义2.1通用部分808-01-01目标景物(用于摄像机系统)subject(inacamerasystem)摄像机镜头捕捉的目标。808-01-02欠扫描underscanning为了显示完整的视频信号信息，调整电视图像监视器，使扫描图像比监视器屏幕满屏尺寸小。2.2特性808-02-01彩色不均匀性colournon-uniformity拍摄均匀彩色测试图时，色度信号与其参考值的差。808-02-02彩色重现误差colourreproductionerror在规定相关色温照明条件下，样品的重现彩色与原始彩色之间的偏差。808-02-03亮度压缩比luminancecompressionratio亮度压缩比是能给出100%视频基准电平的目标景物照度与最大目标景物的比。在此最大目标景物照度下，低于白饱和电平的相邻略低照度级的细节刚好可被分辨808-02-04对比度范围(用于摄像机系统)contrastrange(inavideocamerasystem)能出现对比的最大照度级和最小照度级之间的范围。最小照度级是与亮度通道中受噪声电平限制的最小信号电平相对应的照度级。注:对比度范围由亮度压缩比(以分贝表示)与亮度信号的信噪比(以分贝表示)之和计算。808-02-05对比度传递函数contrasttransferfunction表示信号对比度变化的空间频率函数。808-02-06动态范围dynamicrange既不引起开花也不引起垂直亮道的最大照度级和受噪声限制的最小信号电平对应的照度级之间的照度变化范围。808-02-07自动聚焦准确度automaticfocusingaccuracy由自动聚焦功能实际达到的分辨率与极限分辨率之间的比。 GB/T2900.67-2004/IEC60050-808:2002808-02-08伽马补偿特性gammacompensationcharacteristic摄像机输出电信号相对于输人光信号的非线性特性808-02-09灰度不纯度grey-scalenon-purity白色跟踪误差whitetrackingerror采用单灰度时白平衡的跟踪误差。808-02-10极限分辨率limitingresolution对应一个分辨率测试图极限可分辨的电视图像线数。808-02-11最小目标景物N度minimumsubjectilluminance至少获得参考亮度信号电平一半的亮度信号电平所需要的目标景物照度值。808-02-12过阻光比overexposureratio人射照度超过摄像器件参考电平(100)倍数的值，以100%的倍数表示。808-02-13重合误差registrationerror在使用一个以上的摄像器件的摄像机中，从各个摄像器件中获得的图像之间的相对位移808-02-14垂直亮道比(用于固态图像传感器系统)smearingratio(insolid-stateimagesensorsystem)对垂直亮道电平的评价，定义为产生5%的亮道电平的目标景物照度与产生参考亮度信号电平的目标景物照度之比。808-02-15白斑跟踪误差trackingerrorofwhiteshading当拍摄均匀的白色图像，光圈开到最大时，色差信号电平对亮度信号电平的变焦比跟踪特性。808-02-16白色重现不均匀性whitereproductionnon-uniformity白斑whiteshading拍摄均匀的白色测试图时，色度信号对其参考值的偏差。808-02-17白饱和电平whitesaturationlevel白削波电平whiteclippinglevel摄像机输出的最大亮度信号电平。808-02-18白跟踪特性whitetrackingcharacteristics从黑到白的白平衡跟踪特性808-02-19变焦比zoomingratio变换焦距镜头的最长焦距与最短焦距之比。2.3测量808-03-01 GB/T2900.67-2004八EC60050-808:2002黑测试图blacktestchart反射系数低于2%的测试图，用于测试杂散光(参见808-04-05).808-03-02滞后测试图chartforlag具有两个由控制电路驱动的绿色发光二极管的均匀黑测试图。808-03-03色度频响图chrominancefrequencyresponsesweepchart覆盖从100kHz到1.5MHz的空间频率范围的彩色多波群图案，它由上半部分为红色和青色，下半部分为黄色和蓝色垂直条组成。808-03-04彩色样片colourchips用于评价摄像机彩色重现的彩色样品，每个样品都具有已知的光谱反射系数。808-03-05彩色多波群图colourmultiburstchart具有已知空间频率的彩色测试图，用于评价摄像机的色度频率响应。808-03-06彩色重现A试[#]colourreproductionchart具有反射系数为89.9%的白色样品和规定的彩色样品排列的测试图。808-03-07灰度图grey-scalechart测试电视摄像机用测试图，带有沿水平轴排列的从黑到白变化的不同灰度级的测试图。808-03-08对数灰度图logarithmicgrey-scalechart当采用伽马补偿特性为。45的摄像机时，为获得线性阶梯输出信号而设计的灰度图。808-03-09线性测试图linearitychart评价图像的几何失真用的测试图。808-03-10垂直灰度图verticalgrey-scalechart旋转90。的灰度图，作为测量亮度信噪比的可选方法。808-03-11参考灵敏度referencesensitivity为获得参考亮度信号电平所需的镜头光圈F值。808-03-12参考目标景物照度referencesubjectilluminance为在正常的摄像机设置条件下获得参考亮度信号电平所需的目标景物照度值。注:这个量通常对应镜头光圈设置为F5.6所需的目标景物照度。808-03-13分辨率测试图resolutionchart测量亮度分辨率用测试图，它包括排成一个环形的细长的黑白楔形图案。808-03-14径向分辨率测试图radialresolutionchart用来测量调制传递函数(MTF)和摄像器件二轴和v轴上所有方向分辨率的测试图。3 GB/T2900.67-2004/1EC60050-808:2002808-03-15正弦测试图sinusoidalchart反射系数按正弦波形变化的测试图。注:测量中使用正弦侧试图时几乎不会由于边缘效应产生任何干扰808-03-16方窗测试图squarewindowchart用于测量图像残留特性的测试图。该测试图为黑色非透明板中央带有一个方形透明视窗，其大小在图中注明。808-03-17跟踪测试图trackingchart用于测量自动聚焦的测试图，它包括一个环形排列的细长黑白楔形图案，与径向分辨率测试图相似。808-03-18透明测试图transparenttestchart带有一些摄像机测试用的图文的透明薄片。例如，玻璃薄片。注:透明测试图只能与灯箱一起使用。808-03-19,IV,，形测试图“V"patternchart在白色背景上水平和垂直排列着黑色V形字母的测试图，用以测量屏上各个区域的重合(参见808-04-09)。808-03-20波形失真测试图waveformdistortionchart被分割成上白下黑的测试图，白色的背景上排列有规定宽度和长度的黑色带状图形，黑色背景上排列有规定宽度和长度的白色带状图形。808-03-21窗测试图windowchart黑色背景上排列有规定宽度和长度的白色带状图形的测试图。2.4现象808-04-01孔阑效应apertureeffect由于摄像器件像素的孔径尺寸的限制而引起的高频损失效应。808-04-02黑斑blackshading当摄像机没有光线射人，例如，盖上镜头盖时，色度或亮度信号的变化。808-04-03开花(用于固态摄像机系统)blooming(insolid-statecamerasystem)当固态摄像器件的像素过量照射以致产生的电子数大于可存储数时发生的现象。注:这些多余的电子会扩散到相邻单元，结果在电视屏上出现场景高亮区尺寸的增大808-04-04固定图形噪声fixedpatternnoise在图像中出现的图形固定的噪声。注:固态图像传感器的暗电流噪声和由于图像中的定时脉冲产生的固定干扰噪声为两种类型的固定图形噪声808-04-05 GB/T2900.67-2004/IEC60050-808:2002杂散光flare由镜头筒内的反射引起的或来自光学元件(如分束器或图像传感器)表面的不希望的反射光。808-04-06图像滞后lag,afterimage图像变化时，见到的前面图像的正或负残留图像叠加在新图像上的效应。808-04-07网纹干扰moire莫尔干扰moire由多个空间频率的调制产生的空间差拍现象。注:由摄像器件的每个像素对空间连续入射图形进行抽样导致了视频信号混叠失真。对摄像机，亮度信号里的失真称为亮度莫尔干扰，而色度信号里的失真称为色度莫尔干扰。808-04-08随机噪声randomnoise幅度和相位在时间与空间上随机起伏的连续噪声。808-04-09重合registration在采用一个以上摄像器件的摄像机中，估计各个摄像器件摄取的图像间位移的视觉失真程度。注:这个失真程度与扫描区域的水平和垂直尺寸成比例808-04-10斑shading由视频信号的不均匀引起的监视器上图像的不平坦。注:换句话说，当拍摄一个平坦的图案时，在监视器上出现一个不平坦图像。808-04-11垂直亮道(用于固态图像传感器系统)smearing(insolid-stateimagesensorsystem)当图像中有一个过亮的目标时出现的亮带图案，这是由光电荷泄露进人固态图像传感器的电荷转移通道引起的808-04-12图像残留sticking先前静止图像对应的电荷表观上消除后，不希望的图像再现。2.5器件与元件808-05-01偏置光biaslight为降低图像滞后，辐射到摄像管光导表面的光。808-05-02光导层photoconductivelayer其导电率随其照度增长的薄膜层。注沉积薄膜比如SbS=PbO,CdS.As,Se尤其适合摄像器件使用808-05-03光敏层photosensitivelayer当光线投射到其上的时候发射电信号的材料(光电效应)它包括摄像器件和光电二极管的光导层。2.6信号处理808-06-01 GB/T2900.67-2004/IEC60050-808;2002黑平衡blackbalance保持黑色目标景物无彩色的功能，作为颜色重现的一个因素808-06-02黑电平校正器blacklevelcorrector在任何增益模式下，都能校正黑平衡的摄像机的功能808-06-03彩色矩阵校正器colourmatrixingcorrector实现色坐标线性变换的功能。808-06-04轮廓校正器contourcorrector通过有选择性地提高某些视频信号的高频分量的电平，以增强目标景物的边缘，达到增强图像主观清晰度的功能。808-06-05白平衡whitebalance在目标景物照度色温变化的条件下，保持颜色不变的功能，作为颜色重现的一个因素。808-06-06白削波whiteclipping对摄像机输出的最大亮度信号电平的限制。2.7自动控制808-07-01自动曝光automaticexposure通过对图像的自动光圈控制、电子增益控制以及曝光时间控制，优化输出图像信号电平的功能。808-07-02自动聚焦automaticfocusing自动保持图像在摄像机与目标景物之间不同距离聚焦的功能808-07-03图像的自稳定性automaticimagestabilization自动降低由摄像机支撑不稳定引起图像晃动的功能。808-07-04自动光圈控制automaticiriscontrol不管目标景物照度大小，通过光圈的自动控制，使镜头的光通量能自动优化。808-07-05自动白平衡automaticwhitebalance自动控制白色平衡的功能 GB/T2900.67-2004/IEC60050-808:2002中文索引白斑跟踪误差‘···1········，······。········，，，，，···········‘。，，，··················。‘806-02-15白跟踪特性······································································，，，，···············⋯⋯808-02-18白平衡······，··············，·············································································⋯⋯808-06-05白削波电平·，·······································，················································⋯⋯808-02-17白削波·····································································································，⋯808-06-06白斑·····。·············，········，·················，········，···················‘······，·····················⋯⋯808-02-16白色重现不均匀性···，，甲，，，，·，·········，，，，···········，···‘·········，···········⋯⋯808-02-16白色跟踪误差············，·，······················，·，，··································，·，····‘···⋯⋯808-02-09斑·······················‘··························································，，，··················⋯⋯808-04-10变焦比············································································，······················⋯⋯808-02-19波形失真测试图·········，···············································································⋯⋯808-03-20彩色不均匀性················，····················..........................····，，··········..........808-02-01彩色多波群图········································，················，··········，·················⋯⋯808-03-05彩色矩阵校正器······································，··························，·，···················⋯⋯808-06-03彩色样片····································································，·························⋯⋯808-03-04彩色重现测试图，······，··························‘································，····················⋯⋯808-03-06彩色重现误差··············，，·························，·，····························，···················⋯⋯808-02-02参考灵敏度·····，，，······，··，········。-，，，····，，，·····1···。二，，··，·····，，·····一808-03-11参考目标景物照度·······，，，，，·························，，······················，·，，，··············⋯⋯808-03-12窗测试图·······················································································，···⋯⋯808-03-21垂直灰度图··································，·························································⋯⋯808-03-10垂直亮道(用于固态图像传感器系统)·········‘··················································⋯⋯808-04-11垂直亮道比(用于固态图像传感器系统)········，·····················‘·························、·⋯808-02-14重合···，·········“·······，······，·········‘··········，·，··························，·················，····⋯⋯808-04-09重合误差·····················，·，······················，············‘···························⋯⋯808-02-13动态范围···············‘·······⋯⋯“““’““’808-02-06对比度传递函数·········，················⋯⋯808-02-05对比度范围(用于摄像机系统)808-02-04对数灰度图··1·····⋯⋯’，””“““““‘808-03-08方窗测试图二808-03-16分辨率测试图808-03-137 GB/T2900.67-2004/IEC60050-808:2002伽马补偿特性808-02-08跟踪测试图二808-03-17固定图形噪声808-04-04光导层··⋯⋯808-05-02光敏层··⋯⋯808-05-03过曝光比··⋯808-02-12黑斑.....⋯⋯808-04-02黑测试图··⋯808-03-01黑电平校正器808-06-02黑平衡··⋯⋯808-06-01灰度不纯度二808-02-09灰度图··⋯⋯808-03-07极限分辨率··⋯⋯808-02-10径向分辨率测试图808-03-14开花(用于固态摄像机系统)808-04-03孔闻效应·⋯，.........⋯⋯808-04-01亮度压缩比808-02-03轮廓校正器808-06-04目标景物(用于摄像机系统)808-01-01偏置光808-05-01欠扫描808-01-02色度频响图808-03-03随机噪声二808-04-08透明测试图808-03-18R GS/T2900.67-2004八EC60050-808:2002图像残留··⋯⋯808-04-12图像的自稳定性808-07-03图像滞后··⋯⋯808-04-06"V"，形测试图808-03-19网纹干扰·。·。··⋯808-04-07线性测试图····。·⋯808-03-09杂散光··一，，...⋯⋯808-04-05正弦测试图808-03-15滞后测试图808-03-02自动白平衡·········⋯⋯808-07-05自动光圈控制808-07-04自动聚焦808-07-02自动聚焦准确度······一808-02-07自动曝光·····........⋯⋯808-07-01最小目标景物照度···一808-02-11 GB/T2900.67-2004/IEC60050-808:2002英文索引apertureeffect··························································································⋯⋯808-04-01automaticexposure··································································，·············⋯⋯808-07-01automaticfocusing·······················································································⋯⋯808-07-02automaticfocusingaccuracy··········································································⋯⋯808-02-07automaticimagestabilization······································································⋯⋯808-07-03automaticiriscontrol·················。··。····。·。··。。··。。。·。。·。·······。，················。·············⋯⋯808-07-04automaticwhitebalance···················...·.··············。。············。··········。·。·。·············。一808-07-05biaslight···································································································⋯⋯808-05-01blackbalance···············。···。。······································································⋯⋯808-06-01blacklevelcorrector·····································。·······。··············。········。···············。二808-06-02blackshading·············································································。···········⋯⋯808-04-02blacktestchart························································································⋯⋯808-03-01blooming(insolid-statecamerasystem)·····················，······································⋯⋯808-04-03chartforlag··························································································⋯⋯808-03-02chrominancefrequencyresponsesweepchart·················································⋯⋯808-03-03colourchips····························································································⋯⋯808-03-04colourmatrixingcorrector··································································，···········⋯⋯808-06-03colourmultiburstchart························································。。····················。··⋯808-03-05colournon-uniformity················································································⋯⋯808-02-01colourreproductionchart·············································································⋯⋯808-03-06colourreproductionerror·······································，··································⋯⋯808-02-02contourcorrector···················································。。。·。·······。·。·········。·，·。·····⋯⋯808-06-04contrastrange(inavideocamerasystem)····················································⋯⋯808-02-04contrasttransferfunction·.·⋯⋯，...................................................................⋯⋯808-02-05dynamicrange808-02-06fixedpatternnoise808-04-04flare·........⋯⋯808-04-05gammacompensationcharacteristic808-02-0810 GB/T2900.67-2004/IEC60050-808:2002808-03-07grey-scalenon-purity808-02-09lag,afterimage808-04-06limitingresolution·····⋯⋯808-02-10linearitychart···········⋯⋯808-03-09logarithmicgrey-scalechart808-03-08luminancecompressionratio808-02-03Mminimumsu衍ectilluminance808-02-11moire808-04-07overexposureratio808-02-12photoconductivelayer808-05-02photosensitivelayer808-05-03radialresolutionchart808-03-14randomnoise808-04-08referencesensitivity808-03-11referencesubjectilluminance808-03-12registration808-04-09registrationerror808-02-13resolutionchart808-03-13shading································································································⋯⋯808-04-10sinusoidalchart········。··。。。····························。·······。。··································⋯⋯808-03-15smearing(insolid-stateimagesensorsystem)···················································⋯⋯808-04-11smearingratio(insolid-stateimagesensorsystem)··········································⋯⋯808-02-14squarewindowchart···················································································⋯⋯808-03-16sticking·································································································⋯⋯808-04-12subject(inacamerasystem).................................................................................808-01-01transparenttestchart···········⋯⋯808-03-18trackingchart·····················⋯⋯808-03-17trackingerrorofwhiteshading··⋯808-02-15l1 GB/T2900.67-2004八EC60050-808:2002transparenttestchart808-03-18underscanning808-01-02"V"patternchart808-03-19verticalgrey-scalechart808-03-10waveformdistortionchart··········。·。········。··························。。。···························一808-03-20whitebalance···············。··。·······。。···························。·····································⋯⋯808-06-05whiteclipping····························································································⋯⋯808-06-06whiteclippinglevel··························.·······················································，·⋯808-02-17whitereproductionnon-uniformity··································································⋯⋯808-02-16whitesaturationlevel·······。·····。····。··································。·····························⋯⋯808-02-17whiteshading·····························································································⋯⋯808-02-16whitetrackingcharacteristics········································································⋯⋯808-02-18whitetrackingerror····················································································⋯⋯808-02-09windowchart··。··。。·······························。··。··。·······························。···。···········⋯⋯808-03-21zoomingratio808-02-19'