【精品】建筑给排水论文 10页

'建筑给排水论文——建筑给排水节能和民建给排水的一些问题的优化姓名：贾凡丁学号：20100110609院系：10级建工四班通过本学期对建筑给排水的学习，了解了给排水在冃常住活生活屮的重要性。不仅仅庞大的建筑网需要处理好给水排水的问题，更广泛的民用建筑和工业厂房等也需耍做好给水排水处理，下面通过木学期的学习和自己的所思所想，对建筑给排水节能和民建给排水在某些问题上进行探讨，尽可能使问题更简单，给排水系统更完善、流畅。首先，建筑节能是我国经济发展中的重要国策。建筑给水排水的节能就是在建筑物的规划、设计、新建（改建、扩建）、改造和使用过程中，执行建筑节能标准，釆用节能型的建筑技术、工艺、设备、材料和产品，提高系统效率和保温隔热性能，利用可再生能源，在保证建筑物给排水功能和坏境质量的前捉F,减少给水排水系统的能耗。建筑给水排水的能耗虽然在建筑能耗中所占的比例不大，但降低其使用能耗、提髙能源利用效率，有利于节约用水、改善设计系统的效率、保护环境。因此，璽视建筑给水排水节能的途径，对研究建筑节能将有积极的意义。那么，建筑给水排水节能主要有哪些途径呢？1、给水合理确定用水量（包括冷水、热水及其他等用水）的定额。严格执行《建筑给水排水设计规范》中的牛活用水量定额标准，并非用水量越高越好。理论设计建筑给水系统。主要可通过卜•列方法实现：充分利用市政管网的压力，直接供水；合理进行竖向分区，平衡用水点的水压；采用并联给水泵分区，尽棗减少减压阀的设置；推荐支管减压作为节能节水的措施,减小用水点的出水压力；合理设置牛活水池的位置，尽量减小设置深度，以减少水泵的提升高度；优先考虑水池・水泵・水箱的供水方式。推广釆用节水的卫生器具，如限制卫生器具的流出水头、红外线感应龙头和便器等，不应采用无控制花管、长流水的小便槽。合理采纳变频调速泵组供水。当采川变频泵供水时，应优先采用变频变压变流量的给水方式，其节能效果要优于变频恒压变流量的给水方式；当采用变频恒压变流量吋，工作压力的设定应接近水泵工频运行时高效段扬程的下限；工作水泵应选用2台或2台以上，不同级配工作泵的流量宜以1/2的流最梯变，宜采用人小水泵搭配的形式，并设气压罐小流最给水。当市政条件允许时，宜采用叠压供水设备。具备条件的，应当至少选择一种可再生能源（指风能、太阳能、水能、生物质能、地热能、海洋能等非化石能源），川于建筑物的热水供应。热水水源的利用可采用太阳能、水源热泵、地源热泵技术。在采用水源热泵、地源热泵技术时，不得对水体和土壤造成污染和浪费。如利用地下地温地源自动供暖制冷系统，就是通过表层地下水为载体，或将盘管埋在土壤屮以盘管内流动的介质为载体，将这些地温热源输送到水源热泵进行能量转换，冬季输出45〜65°C的热水。在太阳能的利用上，有条件的可采用太阳能蓄热技术，太阳热水系统的工程参数应结合建筑所处的地理位置确定。太阳能热水器的循环可采用强迫式、自然式循环太阳能热水器和肓流式太阳能热水器。太阳能热水器应有温控装置，并应合理控制和设定热水的温度。太阳能热水系统的热能再利用与节水技术还应相互结合。太阳能热水器可作为热水供应的预加热措施，可设在其他热交换器的前端。热水系统宜机械循环以满足川水点的节水要求。合理设计热水供应系统。加强余热的回收和利用（包括工业余热、废热、烟气余热、蒸凝结水、热风能量的回收和梯级利川），有条件的地区可 采用城市热网或区域性锅炉房的热水或蒸气作热源。可采用专用的蒸气或热水锅炉制备热源，也可采用燃汕、燃气热水机组制备热源或肓接供应生活热水。当地电力供应较富裕的地区或鼓励夜间使用低谷电的政策时，可采用电能作为热源或直接制备热水。从技术可靠、经济适用的角度出发，应合理配置组合各种不同热源的比例关系。对集中热水系统远距离的少量供热点可采用局部加热方式；对不同场所可采用不同的热源形式。热水供丿应系统储水温度宜控制在55〜60°C。应合理确定热水用水量定额、耗水量、耗热量、供水水温、水质等热水系统的基本设计参数。热水供应管网宜采用同程冋水的给水方式。当釆用电作为热源吋,立采用储热式电热水器，以降低耗电功率。热水供应系统宜缩短热水的给水时间，增加机械循坏，并平衡冷热水的水压。对于适合热电联供技术的工程，应优先考虑。2、排水和雨水①排水应尽量采用重力排水的方式。②污废水管道的敷设应就近排放，并应避免压力提升。③利用空调凝结水排水。④蒸汽凝结水的回收利用。⑤雨水的收集和综合利用。3、冷却水和消防给排水冷却水宜循环利用，提高水的重复利用率。在水源条件许可的情况下，可采用江水、河水、湖泊水、海水、地下水等作为循坏冷却水，合理选择冷却塔。在空气湿球温度较低的干燥地区，可通过设计计算来适当提高冷却水进岀水温走，以减少循环水量和循环水泵的能耗,缩小循环管道的管径，合理布置冷却塔，保证冷却塔Z间的距离，冇良好的气流组织条件,避免影响冷却塔的散热效果。针对不同的循环冷却水水质应采取化学（杀菌、灭藻等）、物理（过滤）的水处理方法，具有缓蚀、肌垢的水处理功能，减少管道和机组内的结垢、腐蚀。在一定的条件F,设置合用消防水箱，以减少消防水箱的清洗用水。利用消防试验排水，将消防排水返冋到消防水池。增加消防水池、消防水箱的水处理设备。4、自动控制和计量建筑屮宜设直建筑给排水白动化的监控系统（温度设定与控制、水池、水箱的报警和监控）。变频泵供水方式宜采用管网末端压力表控制水泵转速的运行方式。针对不同需要场所及使用条件，应加强给水用水虽计虽。住宅应设分户水表计虽用水。居住建筑节能改造应当安设分栋用热计虽:和供热系统调控装置。公共建筑应当设让并安装用热让量、室内温度调控、多表远程操控系统和供热系统调控装置。冷却水补充水、锅炉补充水、绿化用水、水景补充水、游泳池补充水、蒸汽应分别设直水表计量。其他需要独立计量的管道系统（如道路浇洒用水、汽车冲洗用水、地而冲洗用水等）宜设水表计量。企事业单位、学生宿舍的公共浴家、淋浴间等宜刷卡（或采用红外线、脚踏开关）来用水。其次，优化给水排水系统，应处理好以下各种问题。1、给排水管道敷设问题设计人员应改变上一层的T生间管道在下一层楼板顶安装的旧做法；侣导本层的管道在本层敷设的原则（规范）：1）卫生间统一做成下沉式卫牛间，按过去的老做法把下水管道统一布置在地坑内：2）卫生间地板面不下沉，而使用后出水式他便器，地漏釆用侧墙式,洗脸盆、浴缸等排水管道在地面以上敷设并与立管相接，丿时房取消地漏或用侧墙式地漏，把洗菜池的排水管放在地面以上接入立管，这样做町以使下水管道每层水平分隔开，如有漏水 则不影响下层住户，检修时也可以独户进行。另外，设计时尽量把排水管立管设于建筑物内墙阴角，有条件的最好在卫生间内设置管道井。这样做可以使室内卫生间、厨房水平与竖向均没有明管，空间宽敞、洁净，把污染源污水隔绝在外，避免由于管道频繁穿越楼板引起上下层漏水的现彖。1.1给排水立管的敷设1）立管安装在厨房、卫牛间的墙角处。在以往的住宅设计中较多采用这种燉设方式,施工方便，但明露管道有碍居室美观，住户在二次装修吋大多会用轻质材料将其隐藏起来。管道明装在室内时，应不影响厨房、卫牛间各卫牛设备功能的使用。2）立管敷设在管道井内。这种方式居室洁净美观，但管道井占用了卫生间的面积，且管道施工、维修较困难。卫生间设立集中管道井，把给水管、排水管等管道都集中在管道井里布置，这是现代住宅厨房卫生间居住文明的重要体现。1.2给水支管敷设1）一般住宅给水支管管径de<40mm或dn<32mm,小管径的教料给水悖呈弯曲状态，且热稳定性差，故住宅给水支管提倡采用埋墙暗设。2）支管设在砖墙里。施工吋在砖墙而开管槽，管槽宽度为管子外径de+20mm,深度为管了外径de；采用金属管件连接时，需加大管槽尺寸；管道直接嵌入管槽，并用管卡固定在管槽内。3）小管径给水支管de<20mm,可暗设在楼（地）血找平层里。施工时在楼（地）板而上开管槽，槽宽为de+10mm,深为0.5de,管道半嵌入管槽里，并用管卡将管子固定在管槽内。4）墙体内埋水管，要做到合理布局；槽内抹灰圆滑，然后在凹槽内刷防水涂料，提们水管凹槽做防水；管道施工完毕，应由土建统一抹灰，并在墙体上统一用红油漆或水泥浆把管道走向在墙体上标记清晰。1.3排水支管敷设住宅室内排水横支管应敷设在木层套内，这样排水横管渗透时可避免污水进入邻户，管道维修时也不会影响到邻户的正常住活。即使管道有安装和使用问题，也可以很轻易地在该层该户内解决，用不着敲楼打洞。2、水表户外设置问题水表设在八内，不但抄表的工作量很大，而且使住宅的安全性和私密性大大降低。故住宅的分户水表或分户水表的数字显示宜设在户外。多层住宅水表户外设置冇以下儿种形式:2.1远传水表把普通水表换成远传水表，由-根信号线连接水表与数据采集机，再传至智能管理（微机）•它的优点在于节省大量人力来抄表，数据准确，缺点是系统造价高。2.2磁卡式水表用户预先购买自来水公司的电子卡，然后把它插入水表的存贮器内，用水时卡上金额被自动扌II除，这种方式用户需预付水费，水表价格较高（白来水公司有此业务才行）.2.3普通水表设在户外水表集中设置（水表组）在底层，各层住户给水支管在管道井内敷设，也可在建筑物管道井内每层敷设。水表出户布置的方式选择，须结合住宅厨房、卫生间平而布置特点和开发商的具体要求，对以上儿种可行性方案进行经济技术比较后确定。物业管理完善的住宅小 区的中高档商品房，可采用远传水表数据，它是今后水表应用发展方向：物业管理不很完善的住宅小区的中高档商品房，可采用磁卡式水表（在自來水公司有这种业务的地区可设计）或集中设置水表组（箱）。3、空调冷凝水排放问题近儿年，空调逐渐进入千家万八，空调冷凝水无组织排放污染建筑物外墙，已是影响生活区美观的一个重要问题。建筑给排水设计时应考虑空调冷凝水的有组织排放。具体做法:可在预留空调外机固定位置（或凸窗下部），设集屮下水排水管，排水立管选用PVC2U管de40,空调外机搁板一侧统一预留下水弯头，便于空调机排水软管直接接入，也可就近接入雨水管系统。4、其他问题4.1地漏与存水弯的配合问题规范上没有规定排水地漏一定要设存水弯，但这确实影响用户的使用效果。因此，凡是室内接冇污水的排水系统的地漏，均应再配套安装P型存水弯，水封深度要保证在60mm〜80mm之间，否则应增加一节短管來加大水深，这样可有效地防止串味现象。4.2洗脸盆和洗涤盆下的存水弯将S型存水弯安装在楼板的上方（但不能同时串接两个存水弯），这样住户在自己家内随时可以方便清通。但要提醒用户，存水弯不能随意取消，而且在安装好器具后一定要做好接头的密封工作。4.3大便器下的弯头在人便器下用90。弯头与横支管连接是不妥的，水力条件没有45。弯头的好，若用90。弯头安装，则绘好带检查口。止确的安装方法是采用一个45。弯头与横支管连接。4.4横管与立管的连接问题在一些建筑排水中，出户横管与立管的连接均采用一个90。弯头，这种做法堵塞率较高,合理的安装方法是采用两个45。的弯头连接或者用90。斜三通。排水管道的横管与横管、橫管与立管的连接，宜采用45。三通、45。四通、90。斜三通，也可采用玄角顺水三通或肓•角顺水四通等配件。4.5管道穿过楼板、墙面管道穿过楼板后，有些施工人员为方便省事，不进行土建支模，仅进行简单遮挡后用水泥砂浆填塞孔洞，加之硬聚氯乙烯管外表比较光滑，与混凝土粘结不是很牢固，因此非常容易造成严重的楼板渗水现象，影响住八正常使用。正确的做法是：预先加套管，管道安装结束应配介土建进行支模，并应采用C20细石混凝土分二次浇筑捣密实。浇筑结束后，结合找平层或面层施T，在管道周用应砌筑成厚度不小于20min,宽度不小于30mm的阻水圈。管道穿过墙壁和楼板设置金属套管（外墙）或颦料套管时，安装在楼板内的套管具顶部应髙出装饰地而20mm，安装在卫牛间及厨房内的套管其顶部应高出装饰地而50mm,套管底部应与楼板底面相平；安装在墙壁内的套管英两端与饰面相平，穿过楼板的套管与管道之间缝隙应用阻燃密实材料和防水汕膏填实且端面光滑；穿墙套管与管道之间缝隙宜用阻燃密实材料填实且端面应光滑，管道的接口不得设在套管内。最麻总之，建筑给排水节能措施和施工的质量要求，对城市的正常运转、城市功能的充 分发挥，人民生活水平的提高等都冇着重要的作用，只冇加强每一个环节的质屋控制与管理,才能防止各种通病的发生，才能使建筑给排水系统更加完善，建筑的给水排水更加科学。BuildingwatersupplyanddrainagepapersbuildingwatersupplyanddrainageenergysavingandlocatesinwatersupplyanddrainageproblemsoptimizationName:BenjaminStudentID:20100110609Departments:CE1004Throughthissemestertolearnbuildingwatersupplyanddrainage,Iunderstandthewatersupplyanddrainageinthedailylifeoftheimportanceoflife.Notonlythehugebuildingnetworktodealwithgoodwaterdrainageproblems,moreextensivecivilbuildingandindustrialfactorybuildingalsoneedtobewaterprocessed,thefollowingthroughthissemesterofstudyandtheirthoughts,buildingwatersupplyanddrainageforenergysavingandlocatesinwatersupplyanddrainageinsomeissuestobediscussed,tomakeitmoresimple,watersupplyanddrainagesystemmoreperfectandfluentasfaraspossible.Arstofall,theenergyconservationofthebuildingistheimportantpolicytotheeconomicdevelopmentofourcountry.Buildingwaterdrainageofenergysavinginbuildingistheplanning,design，new(reconstruction,extension)，thetransformationanduseprocess,implementthebuildingenergysavingstandards,energy-savingbuildingtechnology,technology,equipment,materialsandproducts,andimprovethesystemefficiencyandthethermalinsulationperformance,theuseofrenewableenergy,intheguaranteebuildingwatersupplyanddrainagefunctionandenvironmentalqualitypremise,reducethepowerconsumptionofwaterdrainagesystem.Buildingwaterconsumptionofbuildingenergyconsumptionwhiletheproportionofisnotbig,butreducetheuseofenergyconsumption,improvetheefficiencyofenergyutilization,andtosavewaterandimprovetheefficiencyofthedesignofthesystem,theprotectionoftheenvironment.Therefore,valueconstructionwaterenergysavingway,tostudybuildingenergyefficiencywillhavepositivesignificanee.So,howcanwesavebuildingenergyofbuildingwatersupplyanddrainage?1.feedFteasonableconsumption(includingcoldwater,hotwaterandotherwater)norm.Strictlycarryoutthebuildingwaterdrainagedesignspecificationsofthedomesticwaterconsumptionquotastandards,notwaterconsumption,thehigherthebetter.Theorydesignandconstructionofwatersupplysystem.Canbemainlythroughthefollowingmethod:makefulluseofmunicipalpipelinepressure,directsupply;Fteasonableintheverticaldivision,balancewaterpointofwaterpressure;Usingparallelfeedwaterpumppartition,asfaraspossibletoreducethesettingofthereliefvalve;Ftecommendedmanifoldpressurereliefasthemeasuresofsavingenergyandwater,reducewaterpointofwaterpressure;Settingupreasonablelifepoolposition,optimizesettingdepth,toreducethewaterpumplift,Preferredpool-pump-tankwatersupplymode・Promotionofwater-savingsanitaryware,suchaslimitsanitarywareoutflowhead,infraredinductionbibcockandimplementandsoon,shouldnotbeusedwithoutcontrolflowertube,ChangLiuShuitheurinal.Fteasonableadoptfrequencycontrolofmotorspeedpumpgroupofwatersupply.Whenusingvariablefrequencypumpwatersupply,should giveprioritytothefrequencyconversionvariablevoltagevariableflowwatersupplyway,theenergyconservationeffectissuperiortovariablefrequencyconstantpressurevariableflowwatersupplyway;Whenusingvariablefrequencyconstantpressurevariableflow,workingpressuresettingshouldbeclosetowaterpumppowerfrequencyruntimeefficientsectionofthelowerlimitofhead,Workpumpshouldchoosetwoortwoabove,withtheworkpumpflowappropriateto1/2oftheflowladderchanging,appropriateUSESsizepumpcollocationform,andasmallflowwaterpressuretank.Whenthemunicipalconditionsallow,appropriateUSEStheoverlyingwatersupplyequipment.Haveacondition,shouldbeatleastchoosearenewableenergy(referstothewindenergy,solarenergy,hydropower,biomassenergy,geothermalenergy,suchasoceanenergynotfossilenergy),usedforbuildingthehotwatersupply.Hotwaterusecanusesolarenergy,watersourceheatpumpandgroundsourceheatpumptechnology.Inapplyingwatersourceheatpumpandgroundsourceheatpumptechnology,nottowaterandsoilpollutionandwaste・Suchastheuseofundergroundgeothermalgroundsourceautomaticheatingrefrigerationsystem,isthroughthesurfacegroundwaterasthecarrier,orwillcoilburiedinthesoiloftheflowinsidethecanaltodiskmediumasthecarrier,thegeothermalheattransfertothewatersourceheatpumpforenergyconversion,winteroutput45〜65°Chotwater.Intheapplicationofsolarenergy,conditionalcanusesolarenergyheatstoragetechnology,solarhotwatersystemengineeringparametersshouldbecombinedwiththearchitectureinthegeographicalpositiondetermine・ThecycleofsolarenergywaterheatercanbeusedJiangPaiShi,naturaltypecyclesolarwaterheaterandstraightflowsolarwaterheater.Solarenergywaterheatertemperaturecontroldeviceshouldbe,andshouldbereasonablecontrolandsetthetemperatureofthehotwater.Thesolarenergyhotwatersystemofthermalenergyreuseandwatersavingtechnologyshouldalsobecombinedwitheachother.Solarenergywaterheatercanbeusedashotwatersupplyofpreheatingmeasures,butinotherheatexchangerofthefrontend.Hotwatersystemappropriatemechanicalcycletomeetwaterpointofwatersavingrequirements・Fteasonabledesignofhotwatersupplysystem.Strengthenthewasteheatrecoveryandutilization(includingindustrialwasteheat,heat,fluegaswasteheat,steamcondensationwater,hotairenergyrecoveryandcascadeutilization),conditionalareacanusecityheatsupplynetworkorregionalboilerroomofhotwaterorsteamasheatsource.Canusespecialsteamorhotwaterboilerpreparationofheat,alsocanusefuelandgashotwaterpreparationunitheatsourceordirectsupplydomestichotwater.Thelocalpowersupplywealthierregionsorencouragenightlyuselowelectricpolicy,canbeusedasheatsourcepowerordirectpreparationofhotwater.Fromthetechnicalreliability,economyapplicableAngle,reasonableallocationshouldbecombineddifferentheatsourceoftheproportionalrelation.Onasmallamountofhotwatersystemforlongdistaneehotcanuselocalheatingway;Fordifferentplacecanusedifferentheatsourceform.Hotwatersupplysystemwatertemperatureshouldbecontrolledin55~60°C.Shallreasonablydeterminethehotwaterconsumptionquota,waterconsumption,heatconsumption,watertemperature,waterqualityandhotwatersystemofbasicdesignparameters.HotwatersupplypipenetworkwithappropriateUSESprocessbackwaterwatersupplymode.Whenusingelectricityasaheatsource,appropriateUSESstoragewaterheater,inordertoreducethepowerconsumptionpowerHotwatersupplysystemshouldshortenthehotwaterofwaterandtime,increasethemechanicalcirculation,andbalaneeofthehotand coldwater.Forsuitableforcogenerationtechnologyproject,shouldfirstconsideration.2.Drainageandrain(1)thedrainageshouldasfaraspossibleusinggravitydrainageway.(2)theuncleanwastewaterpipelinelayingshouldnearbydischarge,andshouldavoidpressureascension.(3)useairconditioningcondensedwaterdrainage.(4)thesteamcondensationwaterrecycling.(5)theraincollectionandcomprehensiveutilization.3・CoolingwaterandfirewatersupplyanddrainageCoolingwatershouldbeappropriaterecycling,andincreasetherateofwaterrecycling.Withthewatersupplyconditionspermission,wecanusetheriverwater,lakewater,seawater,groundwaterascirculatingcoolingwater,reasonablechoiceofcoolingtower.Intheairwetbulbtemperaturelowerdryareas,butthroughthedesigncalculationtoincreasingcoolingwaterinletandoutletwatertemperaturedifference,inordertoreducecyclewaterandcirculatingpumpenergyconsumptionandreducecyclepipediameter,reasonabledecoratecoolingtower,ensurethatthedistancebetweencoolingtower,goodairdistributioncondition,avoidtoaffectthecoolingtowercoolingeffect・Accordingtodifferentcyclecoolingwatershouldadoptchemistry(sterilization,algaeremoval,etc.),physical(filter)watertreatmentmethod,hasthecorrosioninhibition,anti-scalingwatertreatmentfunction,reducepipelineandwithintheunitscale,corrosion.Undercertainconditions,setforfirewatertank3inordertoreducefirewatertankcleaningwater.Usefiretestdrainage,willfiredrainagereturnstothefirebasin.Increasefirepool,firewatertankwatertreatmentequipment.4.AutomaticcontrolandmeasurementBuildingsshouldbesetbuildingwatersupplyanddrainageautomationmonitoringsystem(temperaturesettingandcontrol,pool,watertankalarmandmonitoring)・Variablefrequencypumpwatersupplymodeappropriatenetworkterminalpressuregaugecontrolpumpspeedmodeofoperation.Accordingtothedifferentneedtoplaceandusecondition,shouldstrengthenfeedconsumptionmeasurement.Housingshouldestablishindividualwatermetermeasuringwater.Residentialbuildingenergy-savingtemkey.transformshouldputpointsaheatmeteringandheatingsystemcontroldevice.Publicarchitectureshalldesignandinstallheatmetering,indoortemperatureregulationandtableremotecontrolsystemandheatingsystemcontroldevice・Coolingwatersupplementwater,boilermake-upwater,greenwater,watersupplementwater,swimmingpoolmake-upwater,steamshallbeinstalledseparatelywatermetermeasurement.Otherneedtobeindependentmeasuringpipesystem(suchasroadssprinkwater,carflushingwater,groundflushwater,etc.)shouldbesetwatermetermeasurement.Enterprisesandinstitutions,students"dormitorypublicbathroom,showerandappropriatecreditcard(oruseinfrared,pedalswitch)towater.Secondly,optimizationofthefeedwaterdrainagesystem,shouldhandlethefollowingproblems. 1・1watersupplyanddrainageofthestandpipelaying1)riserinstalledinacornerofthekitchen,toilet.Inthepastinresidentialdesignmoreusethislayingway,constructionisconvenient,butbarepipeisahindrancetothebedroombeautiful,residentsinthesecondwhendecorating,mostwilluseoflightweightmaterialswillbeitshidden.Pipelinesurfacemountedintheindoorwhen,shouldnotaffectthekitchen,toiletthehealthfunctionoftheuseofequipment.2)standpipelayinginpipeborehole.Thiswaythebedroomcleanandbeautiful,butpipewelloccupiedtheareaofthetoilet,andpipelineconstruction,maintenancemoredifficult.Toiletsetupconcentratedpipewell,thefeedpipe,pipeandpipeareconcentratedinthepipewelldecorate,thisisthemodernresidentialkitchentoiletlivetheimportantembodimentofcivilization.1.2feedbranchpipelaying1)generalresidentialwaterbranchpipediameterDEacuities40mmordnacuities32mm,smalldiameterofplasticpipesinflexion,andthermalstabilityispoor,soresidentialwaterbranchadvocatedbytheburiedwalldarkset.2)branchinthebrickwall・Constructioninthebrickwallsurfaceopentubetank,pipegroovewidthforpipediameterDE+20mm,depthforpipediameterDE;Useametalpipeconnection,needtoincreasetubeslotsize;Rpedirectembeddedtubegroove,andpipeclampfixedinthetubeslot.3)smalldiameterfeedwatermanifoldDEacuities20mm,canbedarkinfloor(ground)surfacelevelinglayer.Constructioninthefloor(ground)flooropentubegroove,groovewidthforDE+10mm,deeply0.5DEpipehalfembeddedpipetrough,andtubecardwillpipefixedinthetubeslot.4)wallembeddedpipe,todoreasonablelayout;Slotplasterpliable,andthenintheslotsbrushwaterproofcoating,advocatepipegroovedowaterproof;Thepipelineconstruction,shouldbycivilunifiedplaster,andonwallbodyunitywitharedpaintorwatermudofthepipestogoupinwallbodymarkclear.1.3drainagebranchpipelayingFtesidentialinteriordrainagecrossbranchpipeshouldbelayinginthislayersetinside,sodrainagehorizontalpipepermeabilitycanavoidsewageintoadjacentdoor,pipelinemaintenancewillnotaffectthenormallifebetweenadjacentrooms.Evenifthepipelinehaveinstallationanduse,alsocaneasilyinthelayerGaiHusolveinside,don*tknockholesinthefloor.2,watermeteroutdoorsettingproblemWatermeterinindoor,notonlytheworkloadofmeterreadingisverytrival,andmakethehousingsecurityandprivacygreatlyreduced.Theindividualresidentialwatermeterorindividualwatermeterdigitaldisplayappropriateinoutdoor.MultilayerresidentialwatermeteroutdoorSettingshasthefollowingkindsofforms:2.1remotetransmissionmeterThecommonwatermeterintoremotetransmissionmeter,byarootsignalwireconnection watermeteranddataacquisitionmachine,andthenspreadtointelligentmanagement(computer).Itsadvantagesistosavealotofmanpowertometerreading,thedataisaccurate,defectisthesystemcostishigh.2.2CARDwatermeterAdvanceuserpurchasetapwatercompanythey,thenputitintowaterstorageinside,whenwatercardamountisdeductedautomatically,thiskindofmeansusersneedtoadvaneewater,watermeterpriceishigher(tapwatercompanyhasthisbusinesstojustgo).2,3ordinarywatermeterinoutdoorWatermeterfocusSettings(watermetergroup)onthegroundfloor,eachlayerhouseholdwaterbranchpipeinthepipeboreholelaying,alsocanbeinbuildingpipelineboreholeeachlayerlaying・Meterthehouselayoutmodeselection,mustbecombinedwithresidentialkitchen,toiletlayoutcharacteristicsanddevelopersofthespecificrequirements,totheaboveseveralfeasibleschemeforeconomicandtechnicalcomparisontodetermine・Propertymanagementperfectresidentialareaofhigh-gradecommercialhousing,canuseremotetransmissionmeterdata,itisthewatermeterapplicationdevelopmentdirection;Propertymanagementisnotveryperfectresidentialareaofhighcommodityhouse,canbeusedCiKaShiwatermeter(intapwatercompanyhasthisbusinessareacandesign)orconcentratedsetwatermetergroup(box).3,airconditioningdripproblemInrecentyears,airconditioninggraduallyintothousandsofhouseholds,airconditioningsystem.presentsinorganizationemissionpollutionbuildingexternalwall,alreadywasinflueneebeautifullivingareaisanimportantproblem.Buildingwatersupplyanddrainagedesignshouldbeconsideredwhentheairconditioningsystem.presentsorganizedemissions・Practice:butinobligateair-conditioningoutsidemachinefixedposition(orbaywindowbottom),aconcerntratedwaterdrain,drainageriserchoosePVC2Utubede40,airconditioningexternalmachineshelfsideunifiedreservelaunchingbend,facilitatingairconditionerdrainhosedirectaccess,alsocannearbyaccessstormsewersystem.4,andotherproblems4.1floordrainandtrapthematchproblemStandardnotstipulateddrainagefloordrainmustsettrap,butitdoesaffecttheuseeffectoftheuser.Therefore,allindoorjointhavesewagedrainagesystemoffloordrain,shallbetothesupportinginstallationofPtypetrap,waterdepthtoensurethatinthemmto80mmbetween,otherwiseshouldincreaseadayshorttubetoincreasethedepth,whichcaneffectivelypreventthephenomenonofdischarges.4.2washbasinandwashbasinofthetrapTheStypetrapinstalledonthetopofthefloor(butnotatthesametimecascadingtwotrap),sothatresidentsintheirowndomesticcanalwaysconvenientQinglong.Buttoremindusers,trapmaynotbecancelled,buttheinstallationaftergoodinstrumentsmustdojointsealingwork. 4.3bigimplementoftheelbowInthebigimplementwith90Jbenddownandcrossbranchconnectionareincorrect,hydraulicconditionsarenot45°bendofgood,ifuse90°bendinstallation,isthebestbandaccess・Thecorrectinstallationmethodistousea45°Angleandhorizontalbranchconnection.4.4horizontaltubeandverticalpipeconnectionproblemsInsomebuildingdrainage,thehousehorizontalpipeandverticalpipeconnectionareuseda90°bend,thiskindofpracticepluggingrateishigher,andreasonableinstallationmethodistousetwoof45°elbowconnectionoruse90°inclinedtee・Drainagepipehorizontalpipeandhorizontalpipe,horizontaltubeandverticalpipeconnection,appropriateUSES45°ee,450stone,90°inclinedtee,alsocanuserectangulardownstreamteeorrectangulardownstreamstoneandotheraccessories.4・5pipethroughthefloor.Pipelineacrossthefloor,someconstructionpersonnelfortheconvenieneeofsavetrouble,nottocivilbranchdie,justsimpleafterocclusionwithcementmortarfillingholes,togetherwithhardpolyvinylchloride(PVC)tubeseemmoresmooth,andconcretebondingisnotverystrong,thereforeveryeasytocauseseriousfloorwaterseepagephenomenon,influeneethenormalhouseholduse・Thecorrectwayis:advanceandcasing,pipelineinstallationterminationshallcoordinatewithcivilforamold,andshouldadoptC20finestoneconcretepointssecondarycastingincompletelycompact.Afterpouring,combinedwiththelevelinglayerorsurfaceconstruction,aroundthepipelinelayingintothicknessshouldbenotlessthan20mm,widthnotlessthan30mmresistancehydrosphere・Pipelinethroughthewallandfloorsetmetalcasing(wall)orplasticcasing,installedinfloor,thecasingthetopshouldbehigherthangroundadornmerit20mm,installedintoiletandkitchen,thecasingthetopshouldbemorethan50mmdecoratestheground,andthecasingbottomshouldandfloorbottomphaseflat;Installedinthewall,thecasingitsbothendsandacttheroleofingphysiognomyflat,acrossthefloorofthecasingandpipelinegapbetweenapplicationofflameretardantcompactmaterialandwaterproofointmentinfillandfacesmooth;WallbushingandpipelinebetweengapappropriateUSESflameretardantcompactmaterialfilledandfaceshouldbesmooth,pipelineinterfacemaynotbelocatedincasing.finally,inshort,buildingwatersupplyanddrainageenergysavingmeasuresandconstructionrequestofquality,thenormaloperationofcity,cityfunctionfully,theimprovementofpeople"slivingstandardandsoon,allhavetheimportanteffect,onlystrengtheneachlinkofqualitycontrolandmanagement,topreventtheoccurrenceofvariouscommonfaults,thencanmakethebuildingwatersupplyanddrainagesystemmoreperfect,theconstructionofwaterandwastewatermorescientific.2012.11.16ChangSha'