DB44T553-2008森林资源管理术语.pdf 22页

'免费标准网(www.freebz.net)ICS65.020.01B04国家质量监督检验检疫总局备案号：23367-2008DB44DB44DB44DB44广东省地方标准DB44/T553—2008森林资源管理术语BasicNomenclatureofForestResourcesManagement2008-07-11发布2008-10-01实施广东省质量技术监督局发布免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008目次前言........................................................................................................................................................................II1范围............................................................................................................................................................................12森林资源....................................................................................................................................................................13森林资源调查............................................................................................................................................................24森林资源保护............................................................................................................................................................35森林资源利用............................................................................................................................................................46森林资源更新............................................................................................................................................................57森林经理....................................................................................................................................................................58森林资源管理............................................................................................................................................................89森林资源管理系统....................................................................................................................................................9附录A（规范性附录）汉语拼音术语条目索引............................................................................................10附录B（规范性附录）英文术语条目索引....................................................................................................15I免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008前言本标准由广东省林业局科技与对外合作处提出。本标准由广东省林业局归口。本标准起草单位：广东省林业调查规划院、广东省森林资源管理总站。本标准主要起草人：刘凯昌、黄平、侯长谋、王琪、林俊钦、林寿明、李志洪、魏安世、余松柏、谭文雄。II免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008森林资源管理术语1范围本标准统一和规范了森林资源管理的有关术语和定义。本标准适用于森林资源林政管理。可供森林资源调查、森林生态监测、教学、科研及其他相关领域参考。2森林资源2.1森林资源forestresources一个国家或地区森林、林木、林地以及依托森林、林木、林地生存的野生动物、植物和微生物等的总称。2.2森林forest以乔木为主体的包括灌木、草本植物、其它生物及林中土壤在内的自然综合体。在森林资源林政管理中，森林面积包括郁闭度大于或等于0.20的乔木林地面积和竹林地面积、国家特别规定的灌木林地面积、农田林网以及村旁、路旁、水旁、宅旁林木的覆盖面积。2.3林地forestryland由县级以上人民政府规划用于林业发展的土地。包括有林地、疏林地、灌木林地、苗圃地、未成林地、辅助生产用地、无林地和红树林湿地。2.4非林业用地non-forestryland规划用于发展其它行业的土地，主要包括耕地、牧草地、水域和建设用地等。2.5人工林plantationforest用植苗、播种、扦播和其他各种人工方法培育的森林。2.6天然林natureforest未经人为措施而自然起源的原始林和天然次生林。2.7有林地forestland附着有森林植被、连续面积大于0.067hm2、郁闭度大于或等于0.20的林地，包括乔木林地、国家特别规定的灌木林地和竹林地。非林业用地中的有林地，指非林业用地的经济林、城区绿化、主干道绿化和其它绿化中郁闭度0.20以上，且连续面积大于0.067hm2的乔木林地、国家特别规定的灌木林地和竹林地。对于林带，其有林地的标准为林带行数在2行以上且行距≤4m或林冠冠幅水平投影宽度在10m以上；当林带的缺损长度超过林带宽度3倍时，视为两条林带；两平行林带的带距≤8m时则视为片林。2.8乔木林forest由乔木树种组成的，连续面积大于0.067hm2、郁闭度大于或等于0.20的林地。在森林资源调查统计中乔木林还包括符合以下条件之一的林地：①人工林保存率达合理造林株数的80%以上；②飞播林幼树株数密度在1050株/hm2以上；③天然幼树树高大于50cm，株数密度在2250株/hm2以上且分布较均匀。2.9竹林bambooforest由胸径2cm以上（含2cm）的竹类植物组成，连续面积大于0.067hm2、郁闭度0.20以上（含0.20），或虽郁闭度达不到0.20，年龄在2年以下（含2年）但毛竹密度在300株/hm2或杂竹密度750株/hm2以上且分布较均匀的林地。1免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—20082.10林木foresttree具高大、明显主干的多年生木本植物的总称。包括树木和竹子。2.11疏林地openforestland由乔木树种组成，连续面积大于0.067hm2、郁闭度在0.10～0.19之间、龄组在中龄林以上的林地。竹林和优势树种为经济树种的林地不划分疏林地。2.12灌木林地shrubland以灌木的经济效益或防护功能为经营目的，植被为灌木树种或为因生境恶劣而矮化成灌木型的乔木树种以及为胸径小于2cm的小杂竹丛，连续面积在0.067hm2以上(含0.067hm2)、覆盖度在30%以上(含30%)的林地。2.13未成林地newafforestedland尚未郁闭成林的造林地。根据国家林业局《国家森林资源连续清查技术规定》（2004年）的有关规定，系指：（1）人工造林（包括植苗、穴播或条播、分殖造林）和飞播造林后未到成林年限，其人工造林成活率达85%以上或保存率达80%以上，或飞播造林后成苗调查苗木3000株/hm2以上，幼苗分布均匀，尚未郁闭但有成林希望的林地；（2）通过封山育林或人工促进天然更新后，不超过成林年限，天然更新等级中等以上，有成林希望但未达到成林标准的林地。2.14苗圃地nurseryland固定的林木、木本花卉育苗用地，不包括母树林、种子园、采穗圃、种质基地等种子、种条生产用地以及种子加工、储藏等设施用地。2.15无林地nonforestedland尚未绿化的林业用地。包括采伐迹地、火烧迹地、无立木林地、宜林荒山荒地、宜林沙荒地、暂难造林地等。无林地上也可能有些零星树木，但其郁闭度小于0.10。2.16湿地资源wetlandresources湿地及依附湿地栖息、繁衍、生存的野生动物资源和红树林等植物资源。2.17湿地wetland天然或者人工的，永久或者暂时的沼泽地、泥炭地、水域地带，带有静止或者流动、淡水或者半咸水及咸水水体，包括低潮时水深不超过6m的海水区。2.18红树林湿地mangrovewetland适宜红树林生长，连续面积在0.067hm2以上的海岸、河流入海口湿地。3森林资源调查3.1森林资源连续清查nationalcontinuousforestinventory（CFI）简称一类清查。以省（区、市）为单位，利用固定样地为主进行定期复查的森林资源调查方法，每5年复查一次。国家森林资源连续清查是全国森林资源与生态综合监测体系的重要组成部分，是掌握宏观森林资源现状及其消长动态，制定和调整林业方针政策、规划、计划，监督检查领导干部实行森林资源消长任期目标责任制的重要依据。3.2森林资源规划设计调查forestmanagementinventory简称二类调查。以国有林业局、林场、自然保护区、县（旗）为单位，以满足森林经营、编制森林经营方案、总体设计和县级林业区划、规划等需要进行的森林资源清查，调查周期一般为10年，其成果是建立或更新森林资源档案，制定森林采伐限额，实行森林资源资产化管理，指导和规范林业基层单位科学经营的重要依据。3.3作业设计调查forestoperationalinventory简称三类调查。以某一特定范围或作业地段为单位进行的作业性调查。一般采用实测或抽样调查方法，对作业地段的森林资源、立地条件、更新状况等进行详细调查，以满足基层单位安排具体生产作业2免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008（如造林更新、森林采伐、森林抚育等）的需要。3.4年度森林资源核（调）查annualcheckingonforestresources由各级林业主管部门组织实施，主要对年度森林采伐限额执行情况、征（占）用林地、人工造林更新、封山育林及保存状况、重大林业生态工程建设任务完成情况等进行现地核（调）查，有关结果作为评价森林经营效果、工程建设成效和林业行政执法的依据。3.5小班调查subcompartmentinvestigation按小班范围进行调查，把各种调查因子落实到各个小班地块上。3.6森林经营区划forestdivision为组织森林经营，有效地管理森林资源，把林地划分为若干层次的森林经营单位。森林区划是森林资源调查的前提，便于林地定位测量，调查立地条件，规划和设计各项营林措施。在我省，一般有五级区划单位，如省属林场区划为场、分场、工区、林班、小班；集体林区区划系统为县（市、区）、乡（镇）、村委会、林班、小班。4森林资源保护4.1森林保护forestprotection通过防止森林面积减少，提高森林质量，以充分发挥森林的综合效能，并为人类发展提供源源不断的物质和能量。其主要内容包括：防治病虫害；防止森林火灾；控制砍伐，尤其是杜绝乱砍滥伐；划定自然保护区等以保护特殊林地等。4.2自然保护区naturereserve对有代表性的自然生态系统、珍稀濒危野生植物物种和天然集中分布区、有特殊意义的自然遗迹等保护对象所在的陆地、陆地水体或者海域，依法划出一定面积予以保护和管理的特殊区域。4.3森林公园forestpark森林景观优美，自然景观和人文景观集中，具有一定规模，可供人们游览、休息或进行科学、文化、教育活动，并经林业行政管理部门批准建立的区域。4.4湿地公园wetlandpark以具有显著或特殊生态、文化、美学和生物多样性价值的湿地景观为主体，以保护湿地生态系统完整性、维护湿地生态过程和生态报务功能并在此基础上以充分发挥湿地的多种功能效益、开展湿地合理利用为宗旨，可供公众游览、休闲或进行科学、文化和教育活动的特定湿地区域。4.5野生动植物wildlifeandforestplants以森林、草原等自然环境为依托而生存的，未经人工驯化或栽培的动物和植物的总称。4.6保护野生动物rareandpreciouswildlifespecies保护野生动物，包括：（1）国务院公布的国家重点保护野生动物；（2）省人民政府公布的省重点保护野生动物；（3）国务院林业行政主管部门公布的有益的或者有重要经济价值或者有科学研究价值的陆生野生动物。4.7保护野生植物rareandpreciousplantspecies保护野生植物，包括：（1）国务院公布的国家重点保护野生植物；（2）省人民政府公布的省重点保护野生植物。4.8天然林保护naturalforestprotection为改善生态环境、维护生态安全，对天然林资源实施的各种保护、管理。4.9退耕还林convertingcultivatedlandbacktoforest为科学合理地利用土地，改善生态环境，将不适宜农耕的土地退出耕种，并用于发展林业的土地。4.10封山育林closingthehillforreforestation对具有天然下种或萌蘖能力的疏林、灌丛、采伐迹地以及荒山、荒地、沙荒，通过封禁和人工辅助手段，使其成为森林或灌草植被的措施。3免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—20084.11森林防火forestfirecontrol森林、林木和林地火灾的预防和扑救。应贯彻“预防为主，积极消灭”的方针。主要措施有：（1）群众性措施，如宣传教育、建立群众性的防火组织和制度等；（2）技术措施，如设置防火线、防火林带、火情瞭望台，配备防火工具、器材、器械，修筑防火道路、建立防火物资储备仓库，推行防火预测预报等。5森林资源利用5.1木材timber杉原条、原木、锯材、竹材、木片和国家与省人民政府林业主管部门规定的其它木材。5.2森林采伐forestcutting对森林和林木所进行的一项经营管理活动，是根据生产需要和林木的生长特性，将森林中的林木伐倒并集运出伐区，最后清理和恢复伐区的一项经营活动。5.3年度森林总采伐量计划planofannualgeneralcuttingvolume在批准的年森林采伐限额内编制的年度森林采伐计划。5.4采伐限额cuttingquota在一定区域范围内，在一个年度内，所有人为采伐胸径5.0cm以上各类林木蓄积消耗的最大限量。年度森林采伐限额由国务院批准，每五年核定一次。5.5采伐许可证cuttinglicence法定的国家机关核发的森林经营单位或个人进行采伐作业的凭证。林木采伐许可证格式由国家林业主管部门规定、省级林业主管部门统一印发，采伐许可证上注有采伐的地点、面积、时限、数量（蓄积）、树种、方式和完成更新造林时间等内容。5.6伐区cuttingarea在林业生产中，确定为采伐的森林地段。5.7采伐作业区allotment组织采伐作业的一个单位。作业区一般情况下是在伐区内按集材系统，把一个装车场吸引原木的林地划归为一个作业区。5.8采伐缓冲区cuttingbufferarea为保护区域内溪流、湖泊、湿地的水环境而在周边划定的禁止采伐、机械进入或经营作业的森林地段。5.9限伐区non-commercialcuttingarea按国家、地方政府有关规定只允许进行抚育、改造、更新等非商业性采伐活动的森林地域。5.10禁伐区nocuttingarea按国家、地方政府有关规定不允许进行任何采伐活动的森林地域。5.11主伐finalcutting主要为获取木材而对用材林中成熟林和过熟林分所进行的采伐作业。5.12主伐年龄principalfellingage用材林的林木达到了可以满足生产的目的而应进行各种采伐的最低平均年龄。5.13皆伐clearcutting在划定的森林面积上，把林分中的林木，一次采完或基本采完（保留木蓄积小于伐前全林蓄积的20%）的一种采伐方式。5.14择伐selectioncutting在一定的森林面积上，分期选择一部分合乎一定经济要求的成熟林木和应当采伐的林木所进行的采伐。择伐后借助于母树的天然下种更新或人工补植，能使林地始终保持不同年龄的有林状态。5.15渐伐shelterwoodcutting4免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008把林分中所有成熟林木，在一定期限内（一般不超过1个龄级期），分二次、三次或四次采完的一种采伐方式，通过数次采伐，为林下更新创造条件。5.16卫生伐sanitationcutting为改善森林卫生状况、促进林木健康生长而进行的采伐。将枯立木、受病虫危害不能成材的树木，以及遭风、雪危害，受机械损伤将要死亡的树木砍去。一般与其它抚育间伐结合进行，亦可单独进行。5.17抚育采伐tendingcutting在幼林形成到森林成熟以前，为使林木获得良好的生长环境，而伐除林分内生长不良、感染病虫害或过密的林木的一种森林培育措施，其目的是调整林分组成，促进林木生长，提高森林质量。5.18低产（效）林采伐low-yieldforestcutting对生长不良、经济效益或生态效益较低的各种林分，通过砍伐低产和低效林木，引进优良目的树种，提高林分的经济或生态效益，使之成为高效林分的一种采伐类型。5.19间伐intermediatecutting即森林抚育采伐。5.20木材流通timbercirculation木材及木制品通过买卖形式从林业生产领域进入消费领域的经济活动。5.21木材运输timbertransportation为将木材运出林区而建设的运输工程。包括林区公路、木材水运，以及为木材运输装卸作业建设的工程。6森林资源更新6.1森林更新forestregeneration在有林地，重新在迹地上形成新一代森林的过程。通常分为人工更新、人工促进天然更新、天然更新三种方式。6.2天然更新naturalregeneration通过天然下种或伐根萌芽、根系萌蘖、地下茎萌芽（如竹林）等形成新林的过程。6.3人工更新regeneration通过人工更新、人工促进天然更新的方式恢复森林等形成新林的过程。6.4采伐迹地更新regenerationofcutoverlands在采伐迹地上通过人工更新、天然更新或人工促进天然更新的方式恢复森林。7森林经理7.1森林经理forestmanagement森林资源管理全局的谋划、组织、控制与调整的科学、技术与艺术。其内容包括森林区划、森林资源调查、森林经营管理、森林经营绩效的评价的活动。7.2森林分类经营forestclassificationmanagement森林划分为生态公益林和商品林。生态公益林包括防护林和特种用途林；商品林包括经济林、用材林和薪炭林。7.3森林经营方案forestmanagementplan一定的林业单位或有森林经营内容的单位，根据林业长远规划或在林业长远规划指导下编制的对其林权所指向的森林在一定时期内的经营目标、经营措施、造林育林、林分改造、林木采伐、森林保护等内容的方案。7.4生态公益林（地）non-commercialforest(land)以保护和改善人类生存环境，保持生态平衡，保护生物多样性及满足人类社会生态、社会需求等为主要经营目标的森林、林木和林地。生态公益林涉及到防护林和特种用途林两个林种，相应包括水源涵5免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008养林、水土保持林、防风固沙林、农田牧场防护林、护岸林、护路林、国防林、实验林、母树林、环境保护林、风景林、名胜古迹和革命纪念地林、自然保护区林等13个二级林种。7.5商品林（地）commercialforest(land)以生产木材、薪炭、干鲜果品及其他工业原料等为主要经营目标的森林、林木和林地。商品林涉及用材林、薪炭林和经济林三个林种，相应包括一般用材林、短轮伐期用材林、薪炭林、油料林、特种经济林、果树林、其他经济林等7个二级林种。7.6防护林shelterforest以防护为主要目的的森林、林木和灌木丛，包括水源涵养林，水土保持林，防风固沙林，农田、牧场防护林，护岸林，护路林。7.7特种用途林special-purposeforest以国防、环境保护、科学实验等为主要目的的森林和林木。包括国防林、实验林、母树林、环境保护林、风景林，名胜古迹和革命纪念地的林木，自然保护区的森林。7.8经济林cashforest以生产果品，食用油料、饮料、调料，林化工业原料和药材等为主要目的的林木。7.9薪炭林fuelwoodforest以生产燃料为主要目的的林木。7.10用材林timberforest以生产木材为主要目的的森林和林木，包括以生产竹材为主要目的竹林。7.11短周期工业原料用材林shortdurationindustrialrawmaterialplantation以生产纸浆材及特殊工业用木质原料为主要目的，按照工程项目管理，采取集约经营，定向培育的森林和林木。7.12一般用材林general-purposetimberforest以生产木材和竹材为主要目的的森林和林木。7.13速生丰产林fastgrowingandhighyieldplantation通过使用良种壮苗和实施集约经营，缩短培育周期，获取最佳经济效益，森林生长指标可以或已达到相应树种速生丰产林国家（行业）标准的森林和林木。7.14林班compartment为了便于森林资源调查设计和长期的经营管理，在基层林业单位（如林场）内，把土地分成大致相等的基本单位。林班具有永久性质，其境界线必须明确标明。林班面积的大小，因经营强度而不同。划分林班的方法有人工区划、自然区划和综合区划三种。7.15小班subcompartment开展森林经理工作的基本单位，其林地的立地条件和经营特征都比较相同，为便于森林资源统计计算和经营管理，将林班土地划分为许多个范围比较固定的基本单位。7.16细班subplot在小班内其林地的生物特征和经营特征都比较相同，而与邻近的森林地段有显著差别的林地划分为多个便于森林经营工作的基本单位。7.17森林资产forestassets以森林资源的物质财富为财富内涵的自然资源性资产，即以森林资源为财富内涵的财产。7.18森林生物量forestbiomass森林在其生命过程中积累的全部森林植物活有机体的干物质总重量。7.19总生长量totalincrement从树木第一年开始到调查时止的生长总量。7.20林分蓄积量standvolume6免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008林分中所有活立木材积的总和称作林分蓄积量，简称蓄积。林分蓄积量是重要的林分调查因子。7.21生长率growthrate（percentage）某个调查因子的连年生长量与该调查因子原有总量的百分比。又叫连年生长率。7.22生长量increment在一定间隔期内树木各种调查因子（直径、树高、材积、形数等）所发生的变化叫做生长，变化的量叫做生长量。7.23连年生长量currentannualincrement树木一年间的生长量，又叫年生长量。7.24林分stand内部结构特征相同，并与四周有明显区别的森林地块。7.25径级diameterclass林木地径、胸径量测的数量分级单位。一般分级有1cm、2cm、4cm、8cm等径级。7.26径阶diametergrade林木胸径的整化，即根据树种径级大小，把一定范围内的胸径，用该范围的中间值来表示。如6cm、8cm、10cm等。7.27起测径阶measurablediameter在林分或伐区调查时，规定每木检尺的最小径阶或用材材种起测的最小径阶。小于起测径阶的林木则不进行检尺。7.28地位级siteclass反映一定树种立地条件的优劣或林分生产能力的一种指标，一般分为五级，由高到低以符号Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ表示。地位级越高，说明立地条件越好，其自然生产力也越高。任一林分的地位级可根据其平均树高和年龄在地位级表中查得。地位级是组织作业级的主要依据之一。对地位级不同的林分应采取不同的经营利用措施。7.29优势树种dominanttreespecies在主林层中，数量最多，盖度最大，对森林环境作用最明显，并对森林生态环境起指示作用的树种。7.30树种组成speciescomposition某一林分中各个树种所占的比重。比重的大小以各树种的蓄积量为准。如各树种的直径相差不大，亦可以其株数为准。比重以各树种所占的十分比表示。例如十分之六是马尾松、十分之四是木荷，其组成式表示为6马4荷。7.31林龄standage组成林分的林木的平均年龄。计算林分年龄一般有两种方法算术平均年龄和加权平均年龄。7.32龄级ageclass对林木年龄的分级。是经营上计算林龄的单位。各龄级所包括的年数称为龄级期限。根据林木主伐年龄的长短和起源的不同，通常天然起源的针叶树和硬阔叶树以20年为一个龄级，软阔叶树以10年为一个龄级；人工林的龄级年限要短些。龄级由小到大以罗马数字Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ……等表示。7.33龄组agegroup反映林分培育和利用的不同阶段的生长期划分，是龄级的整化，一般分为幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林、成熟林和过熟林五个龄组。7.34森林类型foresttype森林按其自然历史地理条件、外貌、树种组成与结构的不同所划分的类别。7.35基本图forestbasicmap林业生产最基本的用图，也是其它林业用图的基础，林业基本图的比例尺一般为1：10000或1：7免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—200825000，它绘制的内容主要包括行政界、林场、工区、林班、小班界、场部、工区以及其它居民点、道路、桥梁、防火线、河流等地物，以及山头、山谷等地形等，并对林班、小班进行注记。7.36林相图stockmap以林场或乡镇为单位进行绘制的。林相图的比例尺通常小于基本图，其绘制经常是在基本图的基础上，根据地类、优势树种、龄组进行小班着色而成。因此，林相图能清楚地反映整个林场或乡镇的地物、地类及森林按优势树种及龄组的分布特征，也能反映出各个小班的林分及土地生产力的特征，它是森林经理及经营不可缺少的图面材料。7.37森林分布图forestmap以县或市为单位进行绘制的。森林分布图的比例尺通常小于林相图、基本图，其绘制经常是在林相图、基本图的基础上缩绘，根据地类、林种进行小班着色而成。8森林资源管理8.1森林资源管理forestresourcemanagement为实现林业目标，合理经营森林而实施的森林经营的时间和空间计划、组织、决策、控制和监督等一系列协调活动。8.2森林覆盖率forestcoveragerate辖区内森林面积占土地面积的百分比。8.3林木绿化率afforestationrate辖区内绿地面积占土地面积的百分比。8.4乡（镇）林业工作站ruralforestryworkstation在乡镇建设的林业行政管理的基层工作机构。8.5木材检查站thetimberinspectionpost为林政执法所需，经国务院批准在主要交通干线、出入林区的主要路口建设的专门检查木材运输的机构。8.6林地管理forestlandmanagement国家通过主管部门从事林地所有制维护，林地权益关系调整，林地利用合理的组织，在林地开发、利用、改造和保护等方面，以及决策等方面的有意识的行政、经济、法律和工程技术的协调活动。8.7林地规划forestlandplanning根据土地利用总体规划和林业发展的长远规划，结合当地实际情况所制定的保护、合理利用林地的规划。它为国家或某一个地区合理利用林地，科学配置禁地资源，全面安排及指导林业建设提供了科学的依据，对林业生产建设的顺利进行具有十分重要的意义。8.8林地地籍管理forestlandcadastralmanagement国家为取得有关地籍资料和为全面研究林地权属、自然和经济状况而采取的地籍调查、林地登记发证、统计和评价等为主要内容的活动。8.9森林所有权forestownership人们依法所拥有的森林最终归属权。按现有的法律规定，森林所有权分为林地所有权、林木所有权、林地使用权、林木使用权。8.10林权证foresttenurecertificate县级以上地方人民政府或国务院林业主管部门，依据《森林法》或《农村土地承包法》的有关规定，按照有关程序，对国家所有的和集体所有的森林、林木和林地，个人所有的林木和使用的林地，确认所有权或者使用权，并登记造册，发放的证书。8.11林地使用权forestlandservitude人们对国有和集体所有的林地进行开发利用的权利。它是从林地所有权中分离出来的具有相对独立性的一项权利，包括对林地的占有权、使用权、收益权和一定条件下的处分权，按其产生的基础，可分8免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008为国有林地的使用权和集体林地的使用权两种。8.12林地所有权forestlandownership林地所有人对其所有的林地占有、使用收益和处分的权利。我国《森林法》第3条规定，“森林资源属于国家所有，由法律规定属于集体的除外。”我国《土地管理法》第2条规定，土地属于国家所有和集体所有，因此，我国林地所有权分为国家林地所有权和集体林地所有权。8.13林木所有权wood-ownership林木所有人对其所有的林木占有、使用收益和处分的权利。8.14林木使用权wood-right个人或组织对自有或他有的林木进行开发利用的权利。它是从林木所有权中分离出来的具有相对独立性的一项权利。8.15森林资源审计auditofforestresource国家（或集体）对受委托的森林经营单位进行的审查，为的是监督其对森林资产的经营管理、采伐利用是否符合规定，从而确保国有森林资产的保值和增值，确保国家同森林经营单位的正常经济关系得以实现。8.16森林资源流转circulationofforestresource森林、林木所有者和林地所有者或使用者将森林、林木所有权和林地使用权有偿转让给公民、法人及其他组织的行为。8.17森林资产评估evaluationofforestassets以森林资源中具备资产条件的部分资源（资产）作出其市场价值量的估算。9森林资源管理系统9.1地理信息系统geographicalinformationsystem(GIS)在计算机软硬件支持下，把各种地理信息按照空间分布，以一定的格式输入存贮、检索、更新、显示、制图和综合分析的计算机技术系统。9.2地籍管理信息系统cadastralinformationmanagementsystemofforestresources以地籍小（细）班为单元，采用森林资源二类调查档案数据等为信息源，反映森林资源相关信息，提供森林资源的快速统计、报表、查询、更新等功能的数据库管理软件。9.3森林档案forestfiles应用卡片、表、簿、图面材料、文字说明、电子媒体等方式，记录和反映林业单位各个时期的森林变化情况，森林经营利用活动和林业科学研究等方面的状况，具有保存价值，并按一定的制度归档保存的技术经济文件和材料。目前可分为二种：森林资源档案和森林经营档案。9.4森林资源档案forestresourcefiles各个时期森林资源信息情况的记录，并按一定的制度归档保存管理的文件和材料。9.5森林经营档案forestmanagementfiles各个时期森林经营活动情况的记录，并按一定的制度归档保存的文件和材料。9免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008附录A（规范性附录）汉语拼音术语条目索引Ｂ保护野生动物······················································································································································4.6保护野生植物······················································································································································4.7Ｃ采伐限额······························································································································································5.4采伐许可证··························································································································································5.5采伐作业区··························································································································································5.7采伐缓冲区··························································································································································5.8采伐迹地更新······················································································································································6.4Ｄ低产（效）林采伐············································································································································5.18短周期工业原料用材林····································································································································7.11地位级································································································································································7.28地理信息系统······················································································································································9.1地籍管理信息系统··············································································································································9.2Ｆ范围·········································································································································································1非林业用地··························································································································································2.4封山育林····························································································································································4.10伐区······································································································································································5.6抚育采伐····························································································································································5.17防护林··································································································································································7.6Ｇ灌木林地····························································································································································2.12Ｈ红树林湿地························································································································································2.1810免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008Ｊ基本图································································································································································7.35间伐····································································································································································5.19渐伐····································································································································································5.15皆伐····································································································································································5.13禁伐区································································································································································5.10经济林··································································································································································7.8径级····································································································································································7.25径阶····································································································································································7.26Ｌ林地······································································································································································2.3林木····································································································································································2.10林班····································································································································································7.14林分蓄积量························································································································································7.20连年生长量························································································································································7.23林分····································································································································································7.24林龄····································································································································································7.31龄级····································································································································································7.32龄组····································································································································································7.33林相图································································································································································7.36林木绿化率··························································································································································8.3林地管理······························································································································································8.6林地规划······························································································································································8.7林地地籍管理······················································································································································8.8林权证································································································································································8.10林地使用权························································································································································8.11林地所有权························································································································································8.12林木所有权························································································································································8.13林木使用权···························································································································································11Ｍ苗圃地································································································································································2.14木材······································································································································································5.1木材流通····························································································································································5.20木材运输····························································································································································5.21木材检查站··························································································································································8.5Ｎ年度森林资源核（调）查··································································································································3.411免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008年度森林总采伐量计划······································································································································5.3Ｑ起测径阶····························································································································································7.27乔木林··································································································································································2.8Ｒ人工林··································································································································································2.5人工更新······························································································································································6.3Ｓ森林······································································································································································2.2森林资源····························································································································································2.12疏林地································································································································································2.11湿地资源····························································································································································2.16湿地····································································································································································2.17森林资源调查·························································································································································3森林资源连续清查············································································································································3.11森林资源规划设计调查······································································································································3.2森林经营区划······················································································································································3.6森林资源保护·························································································································································4森林保护······························································································································································4.1森林公园······························································································································································4.3湿地公园······························································································································································4.4森林防火····························································································································································4.11森林资源利用·························································································································································5森林采伐······························································································································································5.2森林资源更新·························································································································································6森林更新······························································································································································6.1森林经理·································································································································································7森林经理······························································································································································7.1森林分类经营······················································································································································7.2森林经营方案······················································································································································7.3生态公益林（地）··············································································································································7.4商品林（地）······················································································································································7.5速生丰产林························································································································································7.13森林资产····························································································································································7.17森林生物量························································································································································7.18生长率································································································································································7.21生长量································································································································································7.22树种组成····························································································································································7.30森林类型····························································································································································7.3412免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008森林分布图························································································································································7.37森林资源管理·························································································································································8森林资源管理······················································································································································8.1森林覆盖率··························································································································································8.2森林所有权··························································································································································8.9森林资源审计····················································································································································8.15森林资源流转····················································································································································8.16森林资产评估····················································································································································8.17森林资源管理系统·················································································································································9森林档案······························································································································································9.3森林资源档案······················································································································································9.4森林经营档案······················································································································································9.5Ｔ天然林··································································································································································2.6天然林保护··························································································································································4.8退耕还林······························································································································································4.9天然更新······························································································································································6.2特种用途林··························································································································································7.7Ｗ未成林地····························································································································································2.13无林地································································································································································2.15卫生伐································································································································································5.16Ｘ细班····································································································································································7.16限伐区··································································································································································5.9小班调查······························································································································································3.5薪炭林··································································································································································7.9小班····································································································································································7.15乡（镇）林业工作站··········································································································································8.4Ｙ野生动植物··························································································································································4.5有林地··································································································································································2.7用材林································································································································································7.10一般用材林························································································································································7.12优势树种····························································································································································7.2913免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008Ｚ择伐···································································································································································5.14竹林·····································································································································································2.9作业设计调查·····················································································································································3.3自然保护区·························································································································································4.2主伐···································································································································································5.11主伐年龄···························································································································································5.12总生长量···························································································································································7.1914免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008附录B（规范性附录）英文术语条目索引Ａafforestationrate···················································································································································8.3ageclass······························································································································································7.32allotment·······························································································································································5.7annualcheckingonforestresources····················································································································3.4agegroup····························································································································································7.33auditofforestresource·······································································································································8.15Ｂbambooforest·······················································································································································2.9Ｃcadastralinformationmanagementsystemofforestresources···········································································9.2cashforest·····························································································································································7.8clearcutting························································································································································5.13closingthehillforreforestation·························································································································4.10convertingcultivatedlandbacktoforest·············································································································4.9cuttingquota·························································································································································5.4cuttinglicence·······················································································································································5.5cuttingarea···························································································································································5.6cuttingbufferarea················································································································································5.8non-commercialcuttingarea································································································································5.9commercialforest(land)·······································································································································7.5compartment·······················································································································································7.14currentannualincrement··································································································································7.23circulationofforestresource······························································································································8.16Ｄdiameterclass·····················································································································································7.25diametergrade····················································································································································7.26dominanttreespecies·········································································································································7.2915免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008Ｅevaluationofforestassets··································································································································8.17Ｆfastgrowingandhighyieldplantation···············································································································7.13finalcutting·························································································································································5.11forest······························································································································································2.8,2.2forestresources·····················································································································································2.1forestryland··························································································································································2.3forestland·····························································································································································2.7foresttree····························································································································································2.10forestmanagementinventory·······························································································································3.2forestoperationalinventory·································································································································3.3forestdivision·······················································································································································3.6forestprotection····················································································································································4.1forestpark·····························································································································································4.3forestfirecontrol················································································································································4.11forestcutting·························································································································································5.2forestregeneration················································································································································6.1forestmanagement···············································································································································7.1forestclassificationmanagement·························································································································7.2forestmanagementplan·······································································································································7.3fuelwoodforest·····················································································································································7.9forestassets·························································································································································7.17forestbiomass·····················································································································································7.18foresttype···························································································································································7.34forestbasicmap··················································································································································7.35forestmap···························································································································································7.37forestresourcemanagement·································································································································8.1forestcoveragerate··············································································································································8.2forestlandmanagement·······································································································································8.6forestlandplanning··············································································································································8.7forestlandcadastralmanagement························································································································8.8forestownership···················································································································································8.9foresttenurecertificate·······································································································································8.10forestlandservitude···········································································································································8.11forestlandownership·········································································································································8.12forestfiles·····························································································································································9.3forestresourcefiles··············································································································································9.4forestmanagementfiles·······································································································································9.516免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008Ｇgeneral-purposetimberforest····························································································································7.12growthrate（percentage）································································································································7.21geographicalinformationsystem·······················································································································9.1Ｉincrement····························································································································································7.22intermediatecutting············································································································································5.19Ｌlow-yieldforestcutting······································································································································5.18Ｍmangrovewetland··············································································································································2.18measurablediameter···········································································································································7.27Ｎnationalcontinuousforestinventory（CFI）·····································································································3.1natureforest··························································································································································2.6non-forestryland··················································································································································2.4newafforestedland············································································································································2.13nurseryland························································································································································2.14nonforestedland·················································································································································2.15naturereserve·······················································································································································4.2naturalforestprotection··········································································································································4nocuttingarea····················································································································································5.10naturalregeneration··············································································································································6.2non-commercialforest(land)································································································································7.4Ｏopenforestland··················································································································································2.11Ｐplanofannualgeneralcuttingvolume·················································································································5.3plantationforest····················································································································································2.5principalfellingage············································································································································5.1217免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008Ｒrareandpreciousplantspecies·····························································································································4.7rareandpreciouswildlifespecies························································································································4.6regeneration··························································································································································6.3regenerationofcutoverlands·······························································································································6.4ruralforestryworkstation·····································································································································8.4Ｓsanitationcutting················································································································································5.16selectioncutting··················································································································································5.14shrubland···························································································································································2.12subcompartmentinvestigation·····························································································································3.5shelterwoodcutting············································································································································5.15shelterforest·························································································································································7.6special-purposeforest···········································································································································7.7shortdurationindustrialrawmaterialplantation·······························································································7.11subcompartment·················································································································································7.15subplot································································································································································7.16standvolume·······················································································································································7.20stand····································································································································································7.24siteclass······························································································································································7.28speciescomposition············································································································································7.30standage·····························································································································································7.31stockmap····························································································································································7.36Ｔtendingcutting····················································································································································5.17timber····································································································································································5.1timbercirculation···············································································································································5.20timbertransportation··········································································································································5.21timberforest·······················································································································································7.10totalincrement····················································································································································7.19thetimberinspectionpost····································································································································8.5Ｗwetland·······························································································································································2.17wetlandresources···············································································································································2.16wetlandpark·························································································································································4.4wildlifeandforestplants······································································································································4.5wood-ownership·················································································································································8.1318免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载 免费标准网(www.freebz.net)DB44/T553—2008wood-right··························································································································································8.1419免费标准网(www.freebz.net)无需注册即可下载'