2011年秋季MBA联考《英语》阅读练习题附答案.doc 11页

'2011年秋季MBA联考《英语》阅读练习题附答案　　Passage  1　　Somehousesdesignedtobesmart.Othershavesmartdesigns.AnexampleofthesecondtypeofhousewonanAwardofExcellencefromtheAmericanInstituteofArchitects.　　LocatedontheshoreofSullivan"sIslandoffthecoastofSouthCarolina,theaward-winningcube-shapedbeachhousewasbuilttoreplaceonesmashedtopiecesbyHurricaneHugo10yearsago.InSeptember1989,HugostruckSouthCarolina,killing18peopleanddamagingordestroying36,000homesinthestate.　　BeforeHugo,manynewhousesbuiltalongSouthCarolina"sshorelinewerepoorlyconstructedandenforcementofbuildingcodeswasn"tstrict,accordingtoarchitectRayHuff,whocreatedthecleverly-designedbeachhouse.InHugo"swake,allnewshorelinehousesarerequiredtomeetsricter,better-enforcedcodes.ThenewbeachhouseonSullivan"sIslandshouldbeabletowithstandaCategory3hurricanewithpeakwindsof179to209kilometersperhour.　　Atfirstsight,thehouseonSullivan"sIslandlooksanythingbuthurricane-poor.Itsredwoodshellmakesitresemble"alargepartylanntern"atnight,accordingtooneobserver.Butlookscanbedeceiving.Thehouse"swoodenframeisreinforcedwithlongsteelrodsgiveitextrastrength.　　Tofurtherprotectthehousefromhurricanedamage,Huffraisedit2.7metersoffthegroundontimberpilings-long,slendercolumnswoodanchoreddeepinthesand.Pilingsmightappearinsecure,buttheyarestrongenoughtosupporttheweightofthehouse.Theyalsoelevatethehouseaboestormsurges.Thepilingsallowthesurgestorununderthehouseinsteadofrunningintoit."Theseswellsofwatercomeashoreattremendousspeedsandcausemostofthedamagedonetobeach-frontbuildings,"saidHuff.　　Huffdesignedthetimberpilingstobepartiallyconcealedbythehouse"sground-to-roofshell."Theshellmasksthepilingssothatthehousedoesn"tlooklikeit"sstandingwithitspantlegspulledup,"saidHuff.Intheeventofastormsurge,theshellshouldbreakapartandletthewavesrushunderthehouse,thearchitectexplained.　　1. AfterthetragedycausedbyHurricaneHugo，newhousesbuiltalongSouthCarolina"sshorelinearerequired_______.　　A.tobeeasilyreinforced.　　B.tolooksmarterindesign.　　C.tomeetstricterbuildingstandards. 　　D.tobedesignedintheshapeofcubes.　　2. Theaward-winningbeachhouseisquitestrongbecause_______.　　A.itisstrengthenedbysteelrods.　　B.itismadeofredwood.　　C.itisintheshapeofashell.　　D.itisbuiltwithtimberandconcrete.　　3. Huffraisedthehouse2.7metersoffthegroundontimberpilingsinorderto_______.　　A.withstandpeakwindsofabout200km/hr.　　B.anchorstrongerpilingsdeepinthesand.www.kaoyee.com　　C.breakhugeseawavesintosmallerones.　　D.preventwaterfromrushingintothehouse.　　4. Themainfunctionoftheshellis_______.　　A.tostrengthenthepilingsofthehouse.　　B.togivethehouseabetterappearance.　　C.toprotectthethewoodenframeofthehouse.　　D.toslowdownthespeedoftheswellingwater.　　5. Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheshellshouldbe_______.　　A.fancy-looking.         B.waterproof.　　C.easilybreakable.      D.extremelystrong.　　Passage 2　　WhenschoolofficialsinKalkaska,Michigan,closedclasseslastweek,themediaflockedtothestory,portrayingthetown"s2,305studentsasvictimsofstingy（吝啬的）taxpayers.Thereissometruthtothat:theproperty-taxratehereisone-thirdlowerthanthestateaverage.ButshuttingtheirschoolsalsoallowedKalkaska"seducatorsandthestate"slargestteachers"union,theMichiganEducationAssociation,tomakeapoliticalpoint.Their aimwastospurpassageoflegislationMichiganlawmakersaredebatingtoincreasethestate"sshareofschoolfunding.　　ItwasnocoincidencethatKalkaskashutitsschoolstwoweeksafterresidentsrejecteda28percentproperty-taxincrease.Theschoolboardarguedthatwithouttheincreaseitlackedthe$1.5millionneededtokeepschoolsopen.　　Buttheschoolsystemhadnotdoneallitcouldtokeeptheschoolsopen.Officialsdeclinedtoborrowagainstnextyear"sstateaid,theyrefusedtotrimextracurricularactivitiesandtheydidnotconisderseekingasmaller-perhapsmoreacceptable-taxincrease.Infact,closingearlyiscostingKalkaskaasignificantamount,including$600,000inunempolymentpaymentstoteachersandstaffand$250,000inloststateaid.InFebruary,theschoolsystempromisedteachersandstafftwomonthsofretirementpaymentsincaseschoolscolsedearly,adealthatwillcostthedistrict$275,000more.　　Othersignssuggestschoolauthoritieswereatleastaseagertomakeapoliticalstatementastokeepschoolsopen.TheMichiganEducationAssociationhiredapublicrelationsfirmtostagearallymarkingtheschoolclosings,whichattracted14localandnationaltelevisionstationsandnetworks.ThepresidentoftheNationalEducationAssociation,TheMEA"sparentorganization,flewfromWashington,D.C.,fortheevent.Andtheuniontutoredschoolofficialsintheartoftelevisioninterviews.SchoolsupervisorDoyleDisbrowacknowledgesthedistrictcouldhavekeptschoolsopenbycuttingprogramsbutdeniesthemoveswerepoliticallymotivated.　　Michiganlawmakershavereactedangrilytotheclosings.ThestateSenatehasalreadyvotedtoputthesystemintoreceivership（破产管理）andreopen.schoolsimmediately;theMichiganHouseplanstoconsiderthebillthisweek.　　6.WelearnfromthepassagethatschoolsinKalkaska,Michigan,arefunded_______.　　A)byboththelocalandstategovernments　　B)exclusivelybythelocalgovernment　　C)mainlybythestategovernment　　D)bytheNationalEducationAssociation　　7.Oneofthepurposesforwhichschoolofficialscolsedclasseswas_______.　　A)toavoidpayingretirementbenefitstoteachersandstaff　　B)todrawtheattentionoflocaltaxpayerstopoliticalissues　　C)tomakethefinancialdifficultiesoftheirteachersandstaffknowntothepublic 　　D)topressureMichiganlawmakersintoincreasingstatefundsforlocalschools　　8.Theauthorseemstodisapproveof_______.　　A)theMichiganlawmakers"endlessdebating　　B)theshuttingofschoolsinKalkaska　　C)theinvolvementofthemassmedia　　D)delayingthepassageoftheschoolfundinglegislation　　9.WelearnfromthepassagethatschoolauthoritiesinKalkaskaaremoreconcernedabout_______.　　A)araiseintheproperty-taxrateinMichigan　　B)reopeningtheschoolsthereimmediately　　C)theattitudeoftheMEA"sparentorganization　　D)makingapoliticalissueofclosingoftheschools　　10.Accordingtothepassage,theclosingoftheschoolsdevelopedintoacrisisbecauseof_______.　　A)thecomplexityoftheproblem　　B)thepoliticalmotivesonthepartoftheeducators　　C)theweakresponseofthestateofficials　　D)thestrongprotestonthepartofthestudents"parents　　答案及解析　　Passage1　　1.答案为C。细节题。文章第三段第二句话指出：allnewshorelinehousesarerequiredtomeetstricter,betterenforcedcodes。选项C中的standard与文中的code是一个意思，都是说要依照更严格的标准，所以C正确。文中提到的enforced是指betterenforcedcodes,修饰的是code，而不是house，所以A不对；文章列举的例子指的是第二类的房子，而第二类的房子是smartdesigned，而不是lookssmart，所以B不对；文中只是说这所房子看上去像立方体，但没有强调所有的房子都要这样，所以D也不对。 　　2.答案为A。细节题。文章第四段最后一句话指出，这些房子的木结构还用钢筋进一步加固了。这与A项符合。文中只是说房子是用红木做的，并没有说这是房子坚固的原因，所以B不对。文中说房子像一个壳，也没有说这是原因，所以C也不对；文中只是说房子用钢筋进行了加固，没有提到房子是用了混泥土，所以D也不对。　　3.答案为D。细节题。根据第四段中的"Thepilingsallowthesurgestorununderthehouseinsteadofrunningintoit"可知，这种设计使浪潮不会冲向房子，这与D项意思相符。抵抗飓风是房子的特点，但文中没有说这是因为抬高房子的设计所带来的，所以A不对；B只是文中陈述的一个事实，并不是文中指出的原因；文中没有提到C。　　4.答案为B。细节题。最后一段建筑师指出：shell让房子显得更漂亮、更好看一些。这说明B正确。A、C、D都是文中提到的内容，但与题目的意思不符。　　5.答案为C。归纳题。文章最后一句话指出：在出现风暴时，shell会分开，让风浪在房子下面冲过。这与选项C中的easilybreakable意思相符。A项"看起来花哨"、B项"防水"以及D项"极为坚固"都与文章的意思不符。　　Passage2　　6.选A　　细节题。题干大意：从文章归纳出Kalkaska地区的学校是由谁提供资金的。可在文章的第一段定位，即"TheiraimwastospurpassageoflegislationMichiganlawmakersaredebatingtoincreasethestate"sofschoolfunding."由此可知，当地的学校资金一半是由州政府提供的，另一半资金则是通过税收。因此答案为A。　　7.选D　　细节题。题干大意是：学校官员关闭学校的目的之一是什么。定位信息是"TheiraimwastospurpassageoflegislationMichiganlawmakersaredebatingtoincreasethestate"sshareofschoolfunding."D项是本句的同义转述，他们的目的是施加压力迫使Michigan的立法者增加对当地学校的资金投入。因此答案为D。　　8.选B　　作者观点题。在文章的第三段定位，即"Buttheschoolsystemhadnotdoneallitcouldtokeeptheschoolsopen."可以推断出作者对关闭当地学校这一举措不赞成。因此答案为B。　　9.选D　　细节题。题干大意是：Kalkaska学校当局更关心什么，在文章的第四段定位，即"Othersignssuggestschoolauthoritieswereatleastaseagertomakeapolitifalstatementastokeepschoolsopen."也就说学校官方的真正用心是政治性的。因此答案为D。 　　10.选B　　推理题。题干大意是：根据全文内容推断出为什么学校关闭演变成一场危机的原因所在。综观全文，我们可以推断出学校当局并没有真正的从学校、学生、当地财政状况第鞥多方面考虑，而是具有政治动机，从而使该事件变成危机。因此答案为B。　　Passage3　　Leaddepoits,whichaccumulatedinsoilandsnowduringthe1960’sand70’s,wereprimarilytheresultofleadedgasolineemissionsoriginatingintheUnitedStates.InthetwentyyearsthattheCleanAirActhasmandatedsignificantlyunleadedgasuseintheUnitedStates,theleadaccumulationworldwidehasdecreasedsignificantly.　　AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureshowsthatair-borneleadedgasemissionsfromtheUnitedStatesweretheleadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenland.ThenewstudyisaresultofthecontinuedresearchledbyDr.CharlesBoutron,anexpertontheimpactofheavymetalsontheenvironmentattheNationalCenterforScientificResearchinFrance.AstudybyDr.Boutronpublishedin1992showedthatleadlevelsinarctic(北极的)snowweredeclining.　　Inhisnewstudy,Dr.BoutronfoundtheratiosofthedifferentformsofleadintheleadedgasolingeusedintheUnitedStatesweredifferentfromtheratiosofEuropean,AsianandCanadiangasolinesandthusenabledscientiststodifferentiatetheleadsources.ThedominantleadratiofoundinGreenlandsnowmatchedthatfoundingasolinefromtheUnitedStates.　　InastudypublishedinthejournalAmbio,scientistsfoundthatlevelsinsoilintheNortheasternUnitedStateshaddecreasedmarkedlysincetheintroductionofunleadedgasoline.　　Manyscientistshadbelievedthattheleadwouldstayinsoilandsnowforalongerperiod.　　TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyexaminedsamplesoftheupperlayersofsoiltakenfromthesamesitesof30forestfloorsinNewEngland,NewYorkandPennsylvaniain1980and1990.Theforestenvironmentprocessedandreistributedtheleadfasterthanthescientistshadexpected.　　Scientistssaybothstudiesdemonstratethatcertainpartsoftheecosystemrespondrapidlytolicensetopollute.　　11. ThestudypublishedinthejournalNatureindicatesthat______　　A.theCleanAirActhasnotproducedthedesiredresults. 　　B.leaddepositsinarcticsnowontheincrease.　　C.leadwillstayinsoilandsnowlongerthanexpected.　　D.theU.S.isthemajorsourceofleadpollutioninarcticsnow.　　12. LeadaccumulationworldwidedecreasedsignificantlyaftertheuseofunleadedgasintheU.S.______.　　A.wasdiscouraged.         B.wasenforcedbylaw.　　C.wasprohibitedbylaw.     D.wasintroduced.　　13. HowdidscientistsdiscoverthesourceofleadpollutioninGreenland?　　A.ByanalyzingthedatapublishedinjournalslikeNatureandAmbio.　　B.Byobservingtheleadaccumulationsindifferentpartsofthearcticarea.　　C.BystudyingthechemicalelementssoilandsnowinNortheasternAmerica.　　D.Bycomparingthechemicalcompositionsofleadedgasolineusedinvariouscountries.　　14. TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyhavefoundthat______.　　A.forestsgetridofleadpollutionfasterthanexpected.www.kaoyee.com/makesexameasier!　　B.leadaccumulationsinforestsareeasilypollutedbyleademissions.　　C.leaddepositsarewidelydistributedintheforestsoftheU.S.　　D.theupperlayersofsoilinforestsareeasilypollutedbyleademissions.　　15. Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphinthatscientists______.　　A.arepuzzledbythemysteryofforestpollution.　　B.feelrelievedbytheuseofunleadedgasoline.　　C.stillconsiderleadpollutionaproblem.　　D.lacksufficientmeanstocombatleadpollution.　　Passage4 　　ItcameassomethingofasurprisewhenDiana,PrincessofWales,madeatriptoAngolain1997,tosupporttheRedCross’scampaignforatotalbanonallanti-personnellandmines.WithinhoursofarrivinginAngolatelevisionscreensaroundtheworldwerefilledwithimagesofhercomportingvictimsinjuredinexplosionscausedbylandmines.“Iknewthestatistics,”shesaid,“Butputtingafacetothosefiguresbroughttherealityhometome;likewhenImetSandra,a13-year-oldgirlwhohadlostherleg,andpeoplelikeher.”　　ThePrincessconcludedwithasimplemessage:“Wemuststoplandmines”.Andsheusedeveryopportunityduringhervisittorepeatthismessage.　　But,backinLondon,herviewswerenotsharedbysomemembersoftheBritishgovernment,whichrefusedtosupportabanontheseweapons.AngrypoliticianslaunchedanattackonthePrincessinthepress.Theydescribedheras“veryill-informed”anda“loosecannon(乱放炮的人)。”　　ThePrincessrespondedbybrushingasidethecriticisms:“Thisisadistractionwedonotneed.AllI’mtryingtodoishelp.”　　Oppositionparties,themediaandthepublicimmediatelyvoicedtheirsupportforthePrincess.Tomakemattersworseforthegovernment,itsoonemergedthatthePrincess’striphadbeenapprovedbytheForeignOffice,andthatshewasinfactverywell-informedaboutboththesituationinAngolaandtheBritishgovernment’spolicyregardinglandmines.Theresultwasasevereembarrassmentforthegovernment.　　Totryandlimitthedamage,theForeignSecretary,MalcolmRifkind,claimedthatthePrincess’sviewsonlandmineswerenotverydifferentfromgovernmentpolicy,andthatitwas“workingtowards”aworldwideban.TheDefenceSecretary,MichaelPortillo,claimedthematterwas“amisinterpretationormisunderstanding”.　　ForthePrincess,thetriptothiswar-torncountrywasancxcellentopportunitytouseherpopularitytoshowtheworldhowmuchdestructionandsufferinglandminescancause.Shesaidthattheexperiencehadalsogivenherthechancetogetclosertopeopleandtheirproblems.　　16. PrincessDianapaidavisittoAngolain1997______.　　A.tovoicehersupportforatotalbanoflandmines.　　B.toclarifytheBritishgovernment’sstandonlandmines.　　C.toinvestigatethesufferingsoflandminevictims.　　D.toestablishherimageasafriendoflandminevictims. 　　17. WhatdidDianameanwhenshesaid“…puttingafacetothosefiguresbroughttherealityhometome”(Para.1)?　　A.Shejustcouldn’tbeartomeetthelandminevictimsfacetoface.　　B.TheactualsituationinAgolamadeherfeellikegoingbackhome.　　C.Meetingthelandminevictimsinpersonmadeherbelievethestatistics.　　D.Seeingthepainofthevictimsmadeherrealizetheseriousnessofthesituation.　　18. SomemembersoftheBritishgovernmentcriticizedDianabecause______.　　A.shewasill-informedofthegovernment’spolicy.　　B.theywereactuallyopposedtobanninglandmines.　　C.shehadnotconsultedthegovernmentbeforethevisit.　　D.theybelievedthatshehadmisinterpretedthesituationinAngola.　　19. HowdidDianarespondtothecriticisms?　　A.Shepaidnoattentiontothem.　　B.ShemademoreappearancesonTV.　　C.Shemetthe13-year-oldgirlasplanned.　　D.Sherosetoarguewithheropponents.　　20. WhatdidPrincessDianathinkofhervisittoAngola?　　A.IthadcausedembarrassmenttotheBritishgovernment.　　B.Ithadbroughtherclosertotheordinarypeople.　　C.Ithadgreatlypromotedherpopularity.　　D.IthadaffectedherrelationswiththeBritishgovernment.答案解析　　Passage3 　　11.答案为D。细节题。根据原文第二段第一句：最近，科学期刊《自然》杂志上发表的一篇研究文章指出，空气中的含铅废弃的排放是创造格林兰岛的雪中含铅量高的主要原因，这些废气都来自美国。“leadingcontributor”所指的就是来自美国的废气，因此美国便是格林兰岛污染的“罪魁祸首”，可以得出D项答案。从后文可知，洁净条例对抑制、降低铅污染起到了至关重要的作用，所以A违背原意；CharlesBoutron博士1991年发布的一项研究显示，北极雪中的铅含量正在逐年减少，所以B违背原意；从文中第五段可知，科学家们曾经以为，铅会在soil和snow中长时间滞留，文中还指出，关于铅在土壤中滞留的研究是发表在期刊Ambio上的，所以C违背原意。　　12.答案为B。细节题。根据第一段末句：自从美国实行空气洁净条例后，20年间，全世界的沉积都大大降低。理解mandate的意思，强制执行，同义转述，实行空气洁净条例便是立法通过，所以B正确。无铅汽油的使用是被提倡的，所以A违背原意；无铅汽油的使用是被立法通过，而不是禁止使用，所以C违背原意，D不够具体明确，应该是通过立法的途径，而不是简单的引入。　　13.答案为D。细节题。根据原文第三段第一句“…theratiosofthedifferentformsofleadintheleadedgasolines…”可知，不同国家和地区的汽油中含铅量不同；根据“thusenabledscientiststodifferentiatetheleadsources.”可知，专家可以通过汽油中的铅含量来判断此种铅来自于何地。显然，就是利用判断汽油中铅含量的方法得出格林兰岛的铅污染主要来自美国的结论。所以D正确。原文中没有提到要分析Nature和Ambio报告给出的数据，所以A不对；原文没有提及观察北极不同区域铅的积累情况，所以B不对；对东北美土质进行监测的目的是测量土壤中铅的含量，见第四段“…thatleadlevelsinsoil…decreasedmarkedlysince…”,说明C也不对。　　14.答案为A。细节题根据原文倒数第二段“Theforestenvironmentprocessedandredistributedtheleadfasterthanthescientistshadexpected.”森林处理和重新分配铅污染的能力超出科学的预料，同义转述是森林去除、净化铅污染的能力比科学家预计的要强，可知A正确。森林中的铅积累好处理，说明B与文中所述相反。原文没有提及铅沉积在美国的森林中广泛分布，所以不对；文中没有提到哪层土容易被污染，所以D也不对。　　15.答案为C。推论题。根据最后一段：尽管生态系统的某些环节对空气污染的改善反应迅速(respondrapidlytoreductionsinatmospherticpollution,…)但这些研究成果不应该被当作对环境污染的许可。这说明。铅污染仍然应被重视，所以C正确。文中没有提到科学家们被森林污染所困扰，所以A不对；文中虽然举出了使用无铅汽油后铅污染减少，但并没有说铅污染已经解决，而且，“thesefindingsshouldnotbeusedasalicensetopollute”,即暗指铅污染仍然应被重视，科学家们还能“feelrelieved”,所以B不对；文中没有提到和污染斗争的方法手段问题，所以也不对。　　Passage4　　16.答案为A。细节题。文章第一段提到，戴安娜王妃访问安哥拉，“tosupporttheRedCross’scampaignforatotalbanonallanti-personnellandmines.”表明王妃的态度和目的是要声明，她对全面禁止使用地雷的支持。这说明A正确。王妃并不是要阐明英国政府在地雷方面的立场，相反她受到了政府成员的攻击，所以B不对；王妃慰问了那些在地雷爆炸中受伤的人员，但其访问的目的也不是去树立亲近地雷受害者的形象，所以D也不对。 　　17.答案为D。词义题。根据第一段最后一句话：王妃只有真正看到那些受害者所经受的痛苦，才能体会到现实是非常严重的。这说明D正确。王妃慰问了那些受害者，而不是无法容忍面对与受害者的接触，说明A颠倒了王妃并的态度；在安哥拉的境遇根本不可能让王妃感觉像是回到了家，所以B不对；王妃并非不相信统计数据，而是亲自看到现实的时候有更真实的体会，说明C也不对。　　18.答案为B。细节题。文章第三段第一句话指出：那些不同意王妃观点的人拒绝支持对这些武器的禁用。这也正是他们批评王妃的原因，所以B正确。A是批评王妃的内容，并不是批评的原因，更何况他们的指责并非事实；文中并没有提到他们是因为王妃访问前未与政府协商而指责她的，事实后来也证明王妃得到了外交部批准，所以C不对。文中提到的“misinterpretation”的概念是说政府与王妃之间的一些误解，而不是说王妃歪曲了安哥拉的境况，这也不是他们指责的缘由，所以D也不对。　　19.答案为A。细节题。文章第四段：“ThePrincessrespondedbybrushingasidethecriticisms:‘Thisisadistractionwedonotneed.AllI’mtryingtodoishelp.’”说明王妃对那些批评置若罔闻，所以A正确。文中没有提及她通过多上电视来回应那些批评，所以B不对；她会见那个13岁的女孩是在访问过程中的行为，并不是她访问回来后针对批评而回应的办法，所以C不对；文中明确说她不予理睬，根本没有与反对者争论，所以D也不对。　　20.答案为B。细节题。文章最后一段最后一句话指出：她说，这次访问使她有机会亲近人民。这说明B正确。虽然确实使政府陷入了尴尬，但这不是王妃对这次访问的看法，所以A不对；王妃是利用她已有的知名度进行访问，以声明对禁用地雷的支持，而不是借访问提升知名度，这并不是她对这次访问的态度，所以C不对；访问确实影响了她与政府的关系，但是文中没有表明这是王妃对这次访问的看法，所以D不对。'