新世纪大学英语第一册第一单元及习题答案大全.doc 28页

'Unit1LearningaLanguageGetStartedSitingroupsofthreesorfoursanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Doyouthinkitisnecessarytolearnanotherlanguagebesidesyourmothertongue?2.HowlonghaveyoulearnedEnglish?DoyouthinkEnglishisverydifficulttolearn?3.Ifpossible,whatotherforeignlanguagesdoyouwanttolearn?Why?4.Speakingfromyourownexperience,whateffectivewayswouldyouliketosuggesttohelpotherslearnEnglish?GetStartedAnswersforreference1.Answersmayvary.However,theteachermaydrawstudents"attentiontothefactthatEnglishisbecominganinternationallanguageandthatthereisagrowingneedforustocommunicateinEnglishwithpeoplefromothercountries.2.Answerscouldvaryfrom"6to10years,"dependingonwherethestudentsarefrom.Generallyspeaking,studentsgrowingupincitiesstartlearningEnglish3-5yearsearlierthanthoseinthecountryside.Thosewhodon"tenjoylearningEnglishorarenotmotivatedmayfindEnglishverydifficulttolearn.3.PossibleanswersmaybeFrench,German,Japanese,Spanish,etc.Onemayfinddifferentreasons.Somestudentschoosetostudyonespecificforeignlanguageoutoftheirlovefortheliteratureinthatlanguage;somemayliketolistentomusic,orwatchmoviesinthatlanguage;somewanttobeabletoreadresearchpaperspublishedinthatlanguage;andmanyothersmaysimplywanttobeabletospeakthetargetlanguagewhentravelinginthatcountry.4.Possibleusefulwaysmayinclude:readingandlisteningasmuchasonecan;talkingtonativespeakerswheneverpossible;visitingtheEnglishCorneroncampus;watchingEnglishmovies;surfingtheInternet,etc.OthereffectivewaysoflearningEnglishmayinclude:payingspecialattentiontousefulexpressionsandtryingtousethemwheneverandwhereverpossible;learninggoodpassagesbyheart;memorizinglistsofwordstodevelopvocabulary;workingonagrammarbooksystematicallytoachieveaccuracyanddoingmorewritingpractice.QUOTESStudythefollowingquotesaboutlanguagelearning.Doyouaccepttheideasexpressedinthequotes?Stateyourreasons.Whoeverisnotacquaintedwithforeignlanguagesknowsnothingofhisown---GoetheLanguageisnotanabstract（抽象的）constructionofthelearned（有学问的人）,orofdictionary-makers,butissomethingarisingoutofthework,needs,ties,joys,affections,tastesoflonggenerationsofhumanity,andhasitsbasesbroadandlow,closetotheground.---WaltWhitman Ihaven’tconqueredSpanishyet.I’mlearningandunderstandwhat’ssaidduringtraining.I’mprogressinglittle.Spanishisverydifficultforme,althoughIamgettingusedtoit.Iammakinganeffort.It’scomplicated.ButifIcanconquerSpanish,itwillhavebeenagreatachievement.----DavidBeckhamInterpretationsofthequotes1.Goetheemphasizestheimportanceoflearningforeignlanguages.Learningaforeignlanguageiscomparabletoajourneyofdiscovery.Oneneedstobefamiliarwithsomeforeignlanguagesinordertounderstandhisorherownnativelanguage.JohannWolfgangvonGoethe(1749-1832):aGermanpoetandscientist,andoneofthebestknownwritersofplaysandbooksofalltime,knownespeciallyforhisplayFaust（《浮士德》）.2.Whitmanthinksthatlanguageisnotsomethingproducedfromnowherebytheintellectualsordictionary-makers.Rather,itissomethingcomingfromthecommonplaceactivitiesandemotionsofmanygenerationsofhumanbeings,includingtheirwork,needs,relationships,happiness,loveandpreferences.Languageisbroadlyanddeeplyrootedinthesecommonhappenings.WaltWhitman(1819-1892):aUSwriterknownforhispoetryaboutthebeautyofnatureandthevalueoffreedom.HeisregardedasoneofthegreatestandmostinfluentialUSpoets,andhisbest-knownworkisLeavesofGrass（《草叶集》）.3.HereBeckham,theworld-famousfootballstar,shareswithushisexperienceinlearningaforeignlanguage.FromwhatBeckhamsays,wecanseethatlearningaforeignlanguageisdifficultforeveryone.Butifwemakeaneffort,wecanconquerit.Asthesayinggoes,wherethereisawill,thereisaway.DavidBeckham(1975-)becameknownasafootballtalentattheageof11.HejoinedManchesterUnitedasaprofessionalmidfielder（中锋）inJanuary1993.InJune2003,hemovedtoSpainandjoinedRealMadrid.Afootballerwithanamazingabilitytoscoregoalsandgetthecrowdonitsfeet,Beckhamisnowwellknownasoneofthebestfootballplayersoftheworld.ListenandRespondYouwilllistentowhatastudentfromArgentina（阿根廷）saysaboutlearningforeignlanguages.Thewordsandphrasesintheboxmaybeofsomehelptoyou.Portuguese葡萄牙语（的）；葡萄牙人（的）mothertongue母语Spanishn.&a.西班牙语（的）broadenvt.放宽，变宽；扩大confidenta.确信的，自信的；有信心的copev.dealsuccessfullywithadifficultsituation（成功地）应付，对付communicatev.交流意见（或感情、消息等）；沟通frequentlyad.常常地，频繁地obtainv.ratherfmlbecometheownerof,esp.bymeansofeffortorplanning;get较正式目（尤指通过努力或计划）获得，得到；买到remarkablyad.显著地，引人注目地 catchon(tosth.)：begintounderstand(sth.)（开始）明白，了解（某事）rhythmn.节奏；韵律regardingprep.Fml【正式】（尤用于商业书信中）关于，有关plusn.受欢迎的或有利的附加物，有利条件accustomeda.inthehabitof;usedto习惯于…的getaccustomedto：becomeinthehabitof;becomeusedto习惯于…的processn.步骤，程序enjoyablea.（事情、经历等）使人快乐的，有乐趣的ScriptHello,I"mAlberto.I"mastudentofEnglish,French,PortugueseandItalian.IwouldalsolovetolearnChineseandGermaninthenearfuture.MymothertongueisSpanishandIhaveadegreeinPoliticalScience.Ilovetolearnnewlanguages,becauseIthinkitbroadensmymind.EventhoughIstillhavesomedifficultywithverbtenses,I"mconfidentthatwithtimeandpracticeI"llcopewiththem.Ibelievelearninganewlanguagebesidesyourmothertonguecanbeuseful,especiallyinaworldwheredistancesareshortenedandpeoplefromdifferentcountriescommunicatewitheachothermorefrequently.Learninganewlanguagecanbeagoodexperience,butonlyifyoukeepinmindthatnothingisobtainedwithoutsomeeffort.Inmyopinion,thebestwaytolearnalanguageistoreadalot.Itdoesn"tmatterwhatyouread,butthatyoudoit.Evenifyoudon"tunderstandeverything,yourreadingcomprehensionskillwillimproveremarkably.Also,ifpossible,watchalotoftelevisioninthatlanguage,orlistentoCDs.Maybeatfirstyouwon"tunderstandaword,butlateryou"dcatchontotherhythmofthelanguage.Gooddictionariesarenecessary,andbooksregardingvocabularycanbeaplus.TheInternetisalsoausefultool.Thelanguageyouchoosetolearnmightseemalittledifficultatfirst,oreventotallystrange,butyou"llgetaccustomedtoit.Rememberthatthelearningprocessislong,andthatitneverends.However,itisalsohighlyenjoyable.TASKONEFocusingontheMainIdeasAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheinformationcontainedinthelisteningpassage.1.WhatdoesAlbertomainlytalkaboutinthismonologue（独白）？2.Isheveryinterestedinlanguagelearning?Why?3.Doeshethinkitisveryusefultodoalotofreadingwhenlearningalanguage?Why?TASKTWOZoomingInontheDetailsListentotherecordingagainandfillineachoftheblanksaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.1.Albertohasstartedlearning____________,___________,Portugueseand__________,andhewouldalsolovetolearn__________and__________inthenearfuture.2.Helovestolearnnewlanguages,becausehethinksitbroadens___________.3.AccordingtoAlberto,learninganewlanguagebesidesone"s__________canbeuseful, especiallyinaworldwheredistances___________________andpeoplefromdifferentcountriescommunicatewitheachother______________________.4.Herecommends（推荐）threegoodwaysoflanguagelearning.Theyare:a.________________________;b.watchalotoftelevisioninthatlanguage;andc.________________________.5.Healsomentionsthreeotherthingsthatarehelpfulforlearningalanguage.Theyare:a.________________________;b.vocabularybooks;andc.________________________.6.FinallyAlbertosayslearningalanguagemightseemalittle________________,orevenstrange,butonewillgetusedtoit.Thoughthelearningprocessislongandit_______________,itisalso____________________________.TASKONE:FocusingontheMainideas1.InthismonologueAlbertotellsusthathelikestolearnnewlanguagesandwhyhelikestodoso.Healsoshareswithussomewayswhichhethinksarehelpfulinlearninganewlanguage.2.Yes,heis.Heisveryinterestedinlanguagelearningbecausehethinksithelpsbroadenhismind.3.Yes,hedoes.Hethinksthataslongasonekeepsonreading,one"sreadingcomprehensionskillwillimproveremarkably.TASKTWO:ZoomingInontheDetails1.EnglishFrenchItalianChineseGerman2.hismind3.mothertongueareshortenedmorefrequently4.readalotlistentoCDs5.gooddictionariestheInternet6.difficultatfirstneverendshighlyenjoyableRead&ExploreALanguageTeacher"sPersonalOpinion一名语言教师的个人看法【1】EverydayIseeadvertisementsinthenewspapersandonthebusesclaimingthatitiseasytolearnEnglish.我每天都会在报纸上、公共汽车上看到各种广告，声称轻轻松松就能学好英语。Accordingtotheseadvertisements,withverylittleeffortonthestudent"spart,hewillbeabletospeakthelanguagefluentlyinthreemonthsoreventendays.这些广告称，学生不必费什么力气，要说一口流利的英语只需短短3个月，甚至10天就行。Thereisoftenareferenceto WilliamShakespeareorCharlesDickenstoencouragehimevenmore.(AtthesametimetheadvertisementsveryoftenmentiongreatEnglishwriterssuchasWilliamShakespeareorCharlesDickenstojointheminlearningEnglish.)广告还常常提到威廉.莎士比亚和查尔斯.狄更斯等英语文学大师的名号来增强吸引力。WhenIseeadvertisementslikethis,Idon"tknowwhethertolaughorcry.每当看到诸如此类的广告时，我真是哭笑不得。IfitwereaseasytolearnEnglishastheysay,Iwouldhavetolookforanotherjob,becauseveryfewqualifiedteacherswouldbeneeded.(InfactEnglishisnotthateasytolearn;otherwise,IwouldnotbeworkingasEnglishteacheranymoreastherewouldbefarlessdemandfortrainedEnglishteachers.)如果学英语真像这些广告所说的那么轻松，我恐怕得另谋出路了，因为不需要那么多合格的英语教师了。Butalargenumberofpeoplemustbelievetheseridiculousclaims,orelsetheadvertisementswouldnotappear.但是肯定有许多人相信这些可笑的噱头，不然的话这些广告也不可能出现。  【2】Itisnaturalforstudentstobeattractedtomethodsthatwillteachthemasquicklyandefficientlyandcheaplyaspossible,butitisdifficultforanyonetoexplaininsimplelanguagewhyonemethodisbetterthananother,anditisnousepretendingthatanyonehasdiscoveredaperfectwayofteachingEnglishineverypossiblesituation.学生们喜欢实惠的速成学习方法也在情理之中，但要用浅显易懂的语言去解释为什么某一方法比另一方法更有效并不是一件简单的事，而且也无需装模作样地声称有什么人已经找到了一个万能的适合所有学习环境的教学方法。Someexpertsevenarguethatthereareasmanygoodmethodsofteachingalanguageastherearegoodteachers,becauseeveryteacherisanindividualwithhisownpersonality.一些专家甚至认为，有多少个好老师就有多少种好的教学方法，因为每一个老师都有其自身的特点。Nodoubtthisistruetoacertainextant,butitisnotveryhelpfultostudents.这种说法无疑是有几分道理的，但对学生来说不是很有帮助。  【3】Foralongtimepeoplebelievethattheonlywaytolearnalanguagewastospendagreatdealsoftimeinacountrywhereitwasspoken.有很长一段时间，人们认为要学好一门语言，只有去使用那种语言的国家呆上一段时间。OfcourseitisclearthatstudentswhogotoEngland,America,orAustraliatolearnEnglishhaveagreatadvantageoverothers,butalargenumberofstudentscannotaffordtodoso.当然去英国、美国或者澳大利亚等国家学英语的学生肯定比那些不能去的学生有很大优势，但是很多学生支付不起那笔费用。Somestudentsgototheoppositeextremeandthinktheycanteachthemselvesathomewithdictionaries.ButitiswrongtoassumethateachwordinEnglishhasapreciseequivalentinanotherlanguageandviceversa,(ItisnotcorrecttothinkthateachEnglishwordhasacorrespondingwordwhichisexactlythesameinmeaningandusageasinanotherlanguage,ortheotherwayround),anditisimpossibleforanytranslationmethodtoprovidestudentswiththenaturalformsofalanguageinspeech,letaloneproducegoodpronunciationandintonation.有些学生走向另一极端：他们认为可以借助词典在家自学。如果你认为英语中的每一个词在另一语言中都有完全对等的词，或者反之亦然，那就错了。通过翻译法来给学生讲解口语的自然形式是不可能的，更不要说做到语音、语调地道了。  【4】Agreatdealofteachingisstillbasedonbehaviouristpsychology.现在大量的教学活动还是建立在行为主义心理学的基础之上。Behaviouristsarefondofmakingstudentsrepeatphrasesandmakingthemdoexerciseswheretheycontinuallyhavetochangeonewordina sentence.行为主义者热衷于让学生复述短语，不断做一些只需更换句中某个词的练习。Ifwewereparrotsorchimpanzees,thesemethodsmightbesuccessful.假如我们是鹦鹉或黑猩猩，那这些方法或许能奏效。Alargenumberoftheoristsseemtothinkitisapitywearen"t,becauseitwouldmakeiteasiertousetheirmethods.可惜我们不是鹦鹉或者猩猩，这似乎让很多理论家引以为憾，否则他们提出的那些方法用起来就会容易多了。  【5】Inmyopinion,noonecaneverlearntospeakEnglishoranyotherlanguageunlessheisinterestedin  it.我个人认为，假如没有兴趣，任何人都不可能学好英语或其他任何语言。Humanbeings,unlikeparrotsorchimpanzees,donotlikemakingnoisesunlesstheyunderstandwhatthenoisemeanandcanrelatethemtotheirlives.与鹦鹉或黑猩猩不同，人类不会无缘无故地发出噪音，除非他们明白这些声音是什么意思，并且能将其与自己的生活联系起来。Itisworthrememberingthatlanguageisameansofcommunication.  值得牢记的是：语言是一种交际手段。Whatpeoplewanttosayandwriteinanotherlanguageisprobablyverysimilartowhattheywanttosayandwriteintheirown.  人们在母语中怎么说怎么写，用另一种语言表达时也大同小异。Whattheylistentoandreadcannotbeaformula.(Whatpeoplelistentoandreadinalanguagearenotjustafewsetsoffixedexpressions.)人们所听所读的不应该是程式化的东西。Itmustbereal.听的读的材料必须真实自然。  【6】Thereisanotherrelevantpointworthmentioninghere.还有一个相关的问题值得一提：Weneedotherpeopletotalktoandlistentowhenwecommunicate.在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。Ifwhatwearelearningisstrangetous,itwillbehelpfulifthereareotherstudentsarounduswhocanworkwithusandpracticetheunfamiliarformswithusinrealsituations,talkingtoeachotheraboutreallifeinreallanguage.在学习较生疏的内容时，如果有其他学生和我们一起学习来练习那些陌生的语言形式，并用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。WordsandExpressionspersonala.[nocomp.]concerning,belongingto,orfortheuseofaparticularperson;private[无比较级]个人的；私人的advertisementn.广告claimv.declaretobetrue;state,esp.inthefaceofopposition;maintain（尤指面对反对意见）断言；声称；主张n.astatementthatsth.Istrueorreal,esp.onethatotherpeoplemaydisagreewithaccordingto:asstatedorshownby根据…所说（或所表示）onone’spart:oforbysb.在某人方面；就某人而言fluentlyad.fluenta.[(in)][常与in连用]（说话、写作及演奏乐器等）熟练的，流畅的referencen.[C;U]谈到，提及qualifieda.有资格的，能胜任的ridiculousa.derog[贬义]可笑的；荒谬的orelse:otherwise;ifnot否则；不然的话naturala.自然的，天然的；非人力所为的 efficientlyad.efficienta.效率高的it’snousedoingsth.:thereisnopointindoingsth.做…是没用处的，无益的arguev.争辩，争论，争吵individualn.个人，个体personalityn.[C;U]个性；人格；性格；品格nodoubt:almostcertainly,veryprobably多半；很可能；必定extentn.程度；限度toan/some/what/acertain/suchas/extent:tothedegreespecified在某个/某种/什么/一定/这样的程度上helpfula..[(to,in)][常与to或in连用]提供（或乐于）帮助的；有用的advantagen.有利条件，优势haveanadvantage(over):haveaconditionorcircumstancethatgivesonesuperiority(esp.whencompetingwithothers)（对…而言）具有优势extremen.极限；极端gotoextremes:acttooviolentlyorbehaveinanextremeway走极端assumevt.believe(sth.)tobetruewithoutactuallyhavingproofthatitis;suppose假定，假设precisea.exactinform,detail,measurements,time,etc.精确的；准确的equivalentn.对等词；等同物viceversaLat[拉丁]反过来（也是这样），反之亦然translationn.翻译；翻译作品；转化provide(sb.)with:supplysb.withsth.为…提供，供给letalone:（用于表示接着提到的事情）更不用说，更谈不上intonationn.esp.tech语调，音调basev.&n.[usu.pass.][一般用被动语态]把基地设在，以…为基地（或基础）；底部，底座，根基，基础basesth.on/uponsth.:以…为基础；以…为根据behavioristn.行为主义者befondofdoingsth.:likesth.,esp.sth.onehaslikedforalongtime喜欢做某事psychologyn.[U]心理学continuallyad.连续不断地；反复不断地continuala.parrotn.鹦鹉chimpanzeen.黑猩猩theoristn.理论家inone’sopinion:itisone’svieworfeelingthat在…看来unlikeprep.不像…，和…不同relatev.fmlshoworestablishaconnectionbetween【正式】有关联；把…联系起来relatesth.tosth.else:showorestablishaconnectionbetweenonethingandanother将…与…联系起来beworth(doing)sth.:deserve(doing)sth.值得（做）某事…meansn.方法，手段communicationn.交往，交际；通讯；联络besimilarto:belike(sb.orsth.)butnotexactlythesame和…近似，类似，相似 formulan.【术语】公式；方程式relevanta.directlyconnectedwiththesubject有关的，有关主题的WillPidcroft威尔.皮德克罗夫特WilliamShakespeare威廉.莎士比亚CharlesDickens查尔斯.狄更斯RelatedInformationThistextistakenfromIncentiveThemesbyWS.Fowler,J.Pidcook,&L.R.Rycroft.Nelson.Australia.1980.WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616):Englishplaywrightandpoet,regardedastheworld"smostpopularplaywrightformorethan350years.Hisplaysarewatchedbyvastaudiencesonthestage,inthemovies,andontelevision.Peopleeverywhereintheworldenjoyreadingbothhisplaysandhissonnets.SomeofShakespeare"srepresentativeworksare:Hamlet,RomeoandJulietandOthello.CharlesDickens(1812-1870):thegreatestrealisticwriterinBritain,rankedasoneofthemostpopularwritersinthehistoryofworldliterature.Someofhisrepresentativeworksinclude:ATaleofTwoCities,GreatExpectations,andDavidCoppetfield.behavioristpsychology:amovementinpsychologythatadvocatestheuseofstrictexperimentalprocedurestostudyobservablebehaviour(orresponses)inrelationtotheenvironment(orstimuli[刺激]).JohnB.Watson(1878-1958)andB.F.Skinner(1904-1990)aretwoofthemostwell-knownscholarsinthisfield,especiallythelatter.TASKONEDiscoveringtheMainIdeas1.AnswerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformationcontainedinTextA.1)AccordingtoWillPidcroft,thewriterofthistext,canEnglishbemasteredwithinaveryshortperiodoftime?Doesheprovideanyevidencetosupporthisview?2)Doeshesupporttheideathatalanguageisbestlearnedwhereitisspoken?3)Whatisthebeliefheldbybehavioristsintermsoflanguagelearning?4)WhatdoesPidcroftsayaboutone"sinterestinlanguagelearning?5)WhatdistinguisheshumanbeingsfromparrotsandchimpanzeesaccordingtoPidcroft?2.Writedownthemainideaofeachparagraphinthespaceprovided.1)Para.1:2)Para.2:3)Para.3: 4)Para.4:5)Para.5:TASKONEDiscoveringtheMainIdeas1.1)No,WillPidcroftdoesn"tthinkthatEnglishcanbemasteredwithinashortperiodoftime.HesaysthatinfactEnglishisnotthateasytolearn;otherwise,hewouldn"tbeworkingasanEnglishteacheranymoreastherewouldbefarlessdemandfortrainedEnglishteachers.2)Yes,hedoes.3)Behavioristsbelievethatlanguagelearningisakindofhabitformation.Sotheyarefondofmakingstudentsrepeatphrasesanddoexerciseswheretheycontinuallyhavetochangeonewordinasentence.Theyassumethatpeoplelearnthingsverymuchlikeparrotsandchimpanzees.4)Pidcroftthinksthatinterestisaveryimportantfactorinlanguagelearning.NoonecaneverlearntospeakEnglishoranyotherlanguageunlessheorsheisinterestedinit.5)Parrotsandchimpanzeesmakenoisesthataremeaninglesswhilethespeechsoundshumanbeingsmakearemeaningfulandtheycanrelatethemtotheirownlives.Inotherwords,humanbeingsuselanguagetocommunicate.2.1)Para.1:AdvertisementsoftengivethefalseimpressionthatlearningEnglishiseasyanddoesnotneedmucheffort.2)Para.2:Thereisnosuchthingasagoodmethodthatsuitsallstudentsineverysituation.3)Para.3:Peopleusedtobelievethattheonlywaytolearnalanguagewastospendalotoftimeinacountrywhereitwasspoken.Theotherextremeisthatsomethinkthattheycanlearnaforeignlanguageathomerelyingsolelyondictionaries.4)Para.4:Teachingmethodsbasedonthebehaviouristtheorymaynotwork,ashumanbeingsarenotparrotsorchimpanzees.5)Para.5:Interestisthekeytolearningalanguage,whichisameansofcommunication.6)Para.6:Tolearnalanguagewell,itisimportantthatwehaveotherpeopletotalktoandlistento.TASKTWOReadingBetweentheLines1.Readthefollowingstatementsandthendecidewhethereachofthemistrueorfalsebasedontheinformationinthetext.WriteTforTrueandFforFalseinthespaceprovidedbeforeeachstatement.1)______Inordertocatchtheattentionofpotentiallearners,advertisementsusuallyexaggerate（夸大）thefastpaceandgreateaseoflearningEnglish.2)_____Tobeabletoreadtheoriginalworksbygreatwriterscanbeamotivationforpeopletolearnthelanguageofthosegreatwriters.3)______Peopledon"tbelievewhatadvertisementssayaboutlanguagelearningatall.4)______Eachindividualteachermayhavehisorheruniquewayofteachingalanguage. 5)______Theonlywaytolearnalanguagewellistogoandliveinacountrywhereitisspoken.6)______Learningalanguageisjustlikehowaparrotimitatesahumanbeing.2.Readthefollowingsentencescarefullyanddiscussinpairswhattheauthorintendstosaybytheitalicizedparts.1)Butitisdifficultforanyonetoexplaininsimplelanguagewhyonemethodisbetterthananother,anditisnousepretendingthatanyonehasdiscoveredaperfectwayofteachingEnglishineverypossiblesituation.(Para.2)2)Alargenumberoftheoristsseemtothinkitisapitywearen"t,becauseitwouldmakeiteasiertousetheirmethods.(Para.4)3)Humanbeings,unlikeparrotsandchimpanzees,donotlikemakingnoisesunlesstheyunderstandwhatthenoisesmeanandcanrelatethem,totheirownlives.(Para.5)TASKTWOReadingBetweentheLines1.1)T2)T3)F(Lotsofpeoplemustbelievewhatadvertisementssay;otherwise,theadvertisementswouldnolongerexist.)4)T5)F(Livinginacountrywherethetargetlanguageisspokenhasadvantagesovermanyothermethods.)6)F(Languagelearningmustbemeaningful.Aparrot,however,makesmeaninglessnoisesbyimitatinghumanbeings.)2.1)ThereisnosuchthingasthebestwayofteachingEnglishwhichsuitsallsituations.2)Manybehavioristtheoristswishthathumanbeingswerejustlikeparrotsorchimpanzees,sothattheycouldusetheirmethodsofteachingonhumanbeingswithease.3)Humanbeingsarenotlikeanimals.Whentheytalk,theymakespeechsoundsthataremeaningfulandrelevanttotheirlives.TASKTHREEVoicingYourViewsWorkingroupsofthreesorfoursandhaveadiscussiononissuesrelatedtolanguagelearning.1)ListasmanysimilaritiesanddifferencesasyoucanthinkofintermsoflearningEnglishandChinese,andwritethemdowninthespaceprovided.SimilaritiesDifferencesa.__________________________a.__________________________b._________________________b.__________________________c.__________________________c.__________________________d.__________________________d.__________________________2)IsChineseasdifficultforaforeignertolearnasEnglishisforaChinese?Givereasonstosupportyourview. 3)Doyouthinkmotivationisaveryimportantfactorinlearningaforeignlanguage?AreyouhighlymotivatedtolearnEnglish?Whyorwhynot?4)Doyoubelievewhatadvertisementssayaboutthefastpaceandgreateaseoflearningaforeignlanguage?Whyorwhynot?TASKTHREEVoicingYourViews1)Teachersmayguidestudentstoapproachthisquestionfromdifferentaspects:frompronunciation,spelling,vocabularyandmeaning,grammaticalstructures,andwordorder,tosuchglobalaspectsasdiscoursestructures,pragmaticappropriatenessandculturalrelevance.2)Anappropriateanswertothisquestionwillbeapositive"yes":ChineseisasdifficultforaforeignertolearnasEnglishisforaChinese.Butforlearnersofaforeignlanguagethatbelongstothesamelanguagefamilyastheirmothertongue,someaspectsmayseemeasier.Butoverall,alllanguagesareequallydifficult(orequallyeasy)tolearn.3)Yes,itis.Motivationisalwaysanimportantfactorinlearningaforeignlanguage.TeachersmayaskstudentstoselectsomestudentsintheirclasswhoareverygoodinEnglishandaskthemtodiscussifthesestudentsaremotivatedornotinlearningEnglish.Teachersmayguidestudentstolistallkindsofmotivationsintotwogeneraltypes:instrumentalmotivationandintegrativemotivation.4)Answersmayvary.Moststudentsmaysay"no"tothisquestionastherearelotsofstoriesoftakingunsuccessfulEnglishclassesbecauseofemptypromisesmadeinadvertisements.However,somestudentsmaysay"yes"astherearesomeseeminglysuccessfulcasesatsomeprivateEnglishschools.TEXTBKEYWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSparticularlyad.ridv.disliken.charactern.carev.&n.furthermoread.intelligenta.steadilyad.solemnlyad.apparentlyad.confusionn.semestern.astonishvt.glimpsen.illustrationn.editionn.adventuren.divev.havetroublewithatallcostsridofforpleasuremeaneverywordofitclearupaglimpseofsureenoughdiveinto JohnHolt约翰.霍尔特Dr.Seuss索伊特博士RockwellKent罗克威尔.肯特Grinch格林奇Unit1TextBLearningtoReadAsallofusknow,learningtoreadandwriteinalanguageisalwaysatoughjobandittakesalotoftime.Butgoodteachersknowhowtoencouragetheirstudentstolearn.Inthefollowingtext,theauthortellsusabouthisownexperienceinteachingareadingclass.JohnHolt1.Inoneofmyclassesweremanychildrenwhohadhadgreattroublewithschoolwork,particularlyreading.Idecidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks,andtogetthemtoreadoftenerandmoreadventurously(冒险地).2.Onedaysoonafterschoolhadstarted,Isaidtothem,"NowI"mgoingtosaysomethingaboutreadingthatyouhaveprobablyneverheardateachersaybefore.Iwouldlikeyoutoreadalotofbooksthisyear,butIwantyoutoreadthemonlyforpleasure.Iamnotgoingtoaskyouquestionstofindoutwhetheryouunderstandthebooksornot.Ifyouunderstandenoughofabooktoenjoyitandwanttogoonreadingit,that"senoughforme.AlsoI"mnotgoingtoaskyouwhatwordsmean."3."Finally,"Isaid,"Idon"twantyoutofeelthatjustbecauseyoustartabook,youhavetofinishit.Giveanauthorthirtyorfortypagesorsotogethisstorygoing.(Readaboutthirtyorfortypagesofabookandseewhatthestoryislike.)Thenifyoudon"tlikethecharactersanddon"tcarewhathappenstothem,closethebook,putitaway,andgetanother.Idon"tcarewhetherthebooksareeasyorhard,shortorlong,aslongasyouenjoythem.Furthermore,I"mputtingallthisinalettertoyourparents,sotheywon"tfeeltheyhavetoquizorcheckyourreadingathome."4.Thechildrensatstunned(使震惊)andsilent.Wasthisateachertalking?Onegirl,whohadjustcometousfromaschoolwhereshehadhadaveryhardtime,andwhoprovedtobeoneofthemostinteresting,lively,andintelligentchildrenIhaveeverknown,lookedatmesteadilyforalongtimeafterIhadfinished.Then,stilllookingatme,shesaidslowlyandsolemnly,"Mr.Holt,doyoureallymeanthat?"Isaidjustassolemnly,"Imeaneverywordofit."5.Apparentlyshedecidedtobelieveme.ThefirstbookshereadwasDr.Seuss"sHowtheGrinchStoleChristmas,notahardbookevenformostthirdgraders.Forawhileshereadanumberofbooksonthislevel.Perhapsshewasclearingupsomeconfusionaboutreadingthatherteachers,intheirhurrytogetherupto"gradelevel,"hadnevergivenherenoughtimetoclearup.(Shemightnotbeveryclearaboutwhatshewasreadingandmightwanttocontinuereadingmoreatthislevel.Butshewasnotgiventimetodoso,asherteacherswouldlikehertoreadatanupperlevel.)Aftershehadbeenintheclasssixweeksorsoandwehadbecomegoodfriends,Iverytentatively（试探性地）suggestedthat,sinceshewasaskillfulriderandlovedhorses,shemightliketoreadNationalVelvet.(（《玉女神驹》isaclassicchildren’sbook.）Imademysellassoft aspossible,(IsuggestedasgreatlyasIcouldthatshemighttryreadingNationalVelvet)sayingonlythatitwasaboutagirlwholovedandrodehorses,andthatifshedidn"tlikeit,shecouldputitback.Shetriedit,andthoughshemusthavefounditquiteabitharderthanwhatshehadbeenreading,finisheditandlikeditverymuch.6.Duringthespringsemester,shereallyastonishedme,however.Oneday,inoneofourmanyfreeperiods,shewasreadingatherdesk.FromaglimpseoftheillustrationsIthoughtIknewwhatthebookwas.Isaidtomyself,"Itcan"tbe,"andwenttotakeacloserlook.Sureenough,shewasreadingMobyDick,intheeditionwithwoodcuts(木刻)byRockwellKent.WhenIcameclosetoherdesk,shelookedup.Isaid,"Areyoureallyreadingthat?"Shesaidshewas.Isaid,"Doyoulikeit?"Shesaid,"Oh,yes,it"sneat!"(it’sverygood)Isaid,"Don"tyoufindpartsofitratherheavygoing?"(Don’tyouthinkpartsofthebookareverydifficult?)Sheanswered,"Oh,sure,butIjustskip(略过，跳过)overthosepartsandgoontothenextgoodpart."7.Thisisexactlywhatreadingshouldbe,butinschool,readingisnotalwaysanexciting,joyous(充满欢乐的)adventure.Findsomething,diveintoit,takethegoodparts,skipthebadparts,getwhatyoucanoutofit,goontosomethingelse.Whyshouldweinsistthateverychildshouldreadthesamebookandgetthesamescrap(碎屑)of"understanding"outofit?学会去读书约翰·霍尔特1、在我曾经任教的一个班上有许多孩子学习起来非常吃力，尤其是阅读。因此我决定不惜任何代价消除他们对书籍的恐惧和厌恶心理，让他们能够多读些书，更勇于尝试。2、开学没多久，我对孩子们说：“我要跟你们说说读书的事，也许还没有哪个老师这样对你们讲过。今年我想要你们读许多书，你们只需要为寻求乐趣而读书，我不会去检查你们读懂了没有。如果你读了一点儿，觉得会喜欢这本书，并愿意把它读完，这就够了。我不会去考你们词语的意思。”3、“最后，”我继续说道，“你们不要觉得读一本书就得把它读完。先读三四十页，看看故事情节如何发展。如果你不喜欢书中人物，或者对他们的经历不感兴趣，只管合上书，放到一边，去读另一本。你们读的书是难还是容易、篇幅长还是篇幅短，我都不在意，只要你们喜欢就行。另外，我会写信把我的意思告诉你们的家长，好让他们知道没有必要在家里查问或检查你们的读书情况。”4、孩子们都愣住了，坐着不出声。这真的是老师在说话吗？其中一个女孩，因为功课不好最近才转学到我们学校来，后来我发现她非常有趣、活泼、聪明，在我所有的学生中都算突出的。我讲完后，她盯住我看了很久。然后，她继续看着我，缓慢而严肃地问：“霍尔特先生，你说的话是真的吗?”我也同样严肃地回答：“真的，一点不假。”5、显然，她打算照我说的办。她读的第一本书是索伊斯博士写的《格林奇偷走圣诞节》，这本书对大多数三年级的学生都不算难，更不要说这个年级的孩子了。有一阵子，她读的书都在这个难易度上。也许她是在消除对阅读的一些困惑，而以前她没时间去做，因为老师总是催促她看这个年级“该看的书” 。她在这个班上学习了六七个星期后，我们成了好朋友。我试探地向她建议：既然她喜欢马，而且骑马的水平还不错，她可以读一读《玉女神驹》。我尽可能委婉地提出这个建议。我只告诉她那是一本关于一个热爱马并常常骑马的女孩的故事；如果她不喜欢读，她可以放回书架。她去读了，也许她觉得这本书比她先前读的书要难点，但是她读完了，而且挺喜欢。6、春季的那一学期，她的表现可真的让我吃惊了。一天，在我们的自习课上我看到她坐在课桌前看书。我瞥了一眼书中的插图就知道这是一本什么书了。但是我不相信我的眼睛：“不可能吧。”我走过去仔细一看，果然她在读《白鲸》，那版本配有罗克威尔.肯特的木刻画。我走近她的时候，她抬起头来。我问她：“你真的在看这本书吗?”她说，是的。我又问：“你喜欢这本书吗？”“嗯，是的。这本书很好。”她答道。“你不觉得有些地方很难吗?”我又问道。“有啊，不过，看不懂就跳过去，挑有意思的地方看。”她这样回答。7、真正的阅读就该如此。但是上学时，阅读不见得总是有趣或让人喜欢。拿上一本书，钻进去，读有趣的部分，跳过不好的部分，尽可能从书中得到点收获，然后再去读其他书。为什么非要让每个孩子读一样的书，作出同样的“理解”呢?RelatedInformationThistextisadaptedfromTheNortonReader(11thEdition)byW.W.Norton,L.H.Peterson,&J.C.Brereton.NewYork&London.2004.Dr.Seuss(1904-1991):Americanauthor,artist,andpublisher,pennameofchildren"sauthorTheodorSeussGeisel.Someofhismostfamouschildren"sbooksare:HortonHearsaWlio(1954),HowtheGrinchStoleChristmas(1957),thefirst-gradereaderTheCatintheHat(1957),GreenEggsandHam(1970).HereceivedaspecialPulitzerPrizecitationin1984forhislifetimecontributiontotheeducationandenjoymentofAmerica"schildrenandtheirparents.thegistofHowtheGrinchStoleChristinas:TheGrinch,anasty,unkindgreencreaturewhoseheartistwosizestoosmall,haslivedinacaveonthesideofamountainfor53yearsandhehatesholidaycelebrations.SoheplanstostealallthepresentstopreventChristmasfromcoming.Tohisamazement,Christmascomesanyway,andthentheGrinchdiscoversthetruemeaningoftheholiday.NationalVelvet:writtenbyBritishwriterEnidBagnold(1889-1981),isaclassicchildren"sstory.ItisaboutayounggirlnamedVelvetBrownandhowsheandherhorse,Pie,trytowinEngland"smostfamousrace,theGrandNational—ahorseracethattakesplaceeveryyear,nearLiverpool,England.MobyDick(《白鲸》):iswrittenbyAmericannovelistHermanMelville(1819-1891).IttellsthestoryofthepursuitofagreatwhitewhalenamedMobyDickduringadoomedwhalingvoyage.ThecentralthemeofthenovelistheconflictbetweenCaptainAhabandMobyDick,whooncetoreoffoneofAhab"slegsattheknee.RockwellKent(1882-1971):Americanpainterandillustrator（插图画家）.Winterishisrepresentativework.AsoneofthefamousillustratorsoftheUnitedStates,KentproducedwoodengravingsforMobyDick,TheCanterburyTales,Shakespeare"splays,andsomeofhisownbooks,too.CheckingYourVocabularyWordDetective1.PlaydetectiveandfindtherequiredwordinTextBaccordingtothecluesgiven.Then,makeatleasttwosentenceswitheachofthewordsyouhavefound.Thenumberoftheparagraphinwhich thetargetwordappearsisgiveninbrackets.Example:Anounmeaning"eitherofthetwoperiodsintowhichayearatuniversitiesisdivided":(Para.6)Writedownthetargetwordhere:semestera.InmostoftheuniversitiesandcollegesintheUnitedStates,aschoolyearisdividedintothe,springsemesterandthefallsemester.b.Hedoesnottakemanycoursesthissemesterbecauseheiswritinghisgraduationthesis(毕业论文）1)Averbmeaning"tobeworried,anxious,orconcernedaboutsb.orsth.":(Para.3)Writedownthetargetwordhere:____________________a.___________________________________________________________________b.________________________________2)Averbmeaning"tofillwithgreatsurpriseandperhapsdisbelief":(Para.6)Writedownthetargetwordhere:_________a.________________________________b.________________________________3)Anounmeaning"ajourney,experience,etc.thatisstrange,excitingandoftendangerous":(Para.7)Writedownthetargetwordhere:_____________________a._______________________________b.__________________________________________4)Anounmeaning"thestateofbeingmixedupormistaken":(Para.5)Writedownthetargetwordhere:_____________________a.______________________________________________b.____________________________________________________________________5)Anounmeaning"aquicklookatoranincompleteviewofsb./sth.":(Para.6)Writedownthetargetwordhere:_____________________a.________________________________b._______________________________6)Anounmeaning"adrawingorpictureinabook,magazine,etc.especiallyonethatexplainssth.":(Para.6)Writedownthetargetwordhere:_____________________a.____________________________________________________________________b.____________________________________________________________________7)Anounmeaning"anumberofcopiesofabook,newspaper,magazine,etc.thatareproducedandprintedatonetime":(Para.6)Writedownthetargetwordhere:_____________________a.________________________________b._____________________________8)Anadjectivemeaning"havingorshowingpowersoflearning,reasoning,orunderstanding,esp.toahighdegree":(Para.4)Writedownthetargetwordhere:____________________a.____________________________________________________________________ b.___________________________________________________________________2.RewriteeachofthefollowingsentenceswithaphrasethatappearsinTextB.Focusontheitalicizedparts.Thenumberoftheparagraphinwhichthetargetphraseappearsisgiveninbrackets.Example:Theoldmanplaysthepianofortwohourseverydayjustforfun.(Para.2)Theoldmanplaysthepianofortwohourseverydayjustforpleasure.1)WhenIstartedlearningEnglish,Ihadsomedifficultyinpronouncingsuchsoundsas/as/and/ai/.(Para.1)________________________________________________________2)Wemustprotectourenvironmentfrompollution(污染)nomatterwhatwehavetodo.(Para.1)________________________________________________________3)I"mgladthatI"vefinallyfreedmyselffromthatannoyingfellow.(Para.1)________________________________________________________4)You"dbetterdoitnow,oryouwillfeelsorry.I"mseriousaboutwhatIsay.(Para.4)________________________________________________________5)I"massumingthatthemisunderstandingwillbesettledandanexplanationwillbegiven.(Para.5)________________________________________________________6)Isaidthathewouldbelateforclass,andashadbeenexactlyexpected,hedidcometoclass10minuteslate.(Para.6)________________________________________________________7)Assoonashegotholdofabookaboutpersonalitydevelopment,hestartedreadingitkeenlyandwhole-heartedly.(Para.7)________________________________________________________CheckingYourVocabularyWordDetective1.1)carea.Whenhercatdied,Marydidnotseemtocareatall.b.Theonlythinghecaresaboutismoney.ThatiswhyIdon"tlikehim.2)astonisha.Hewasastonishedtolearnthathehadwonthefirstprize.b.MyparentslookedastonishedwhenItoldthemthenews.3)adventurea.HespentalmosttwohourstalkingabouthisadventuresintheHimalayas.b.Wewereallstunnedbyhisadventuresintheforest.4)confusiona.There"sstillconfusionaboutthenumberofpeoplewhogotkilledintheaccident.b.Therewassomeconfusionastowhetherwehadwonorlostthegame.5)glimpsea.Tocatchaglimpseoftheirmoviestar,someofthefanshadwaited24hoursoutsidethehotel beforeheshowedup.b.Ijustcaughtuglitnpseofthethief,soIcan"treallydescribehimnow.6)illustrationa.Shelookedlikeaprincessinanineteenth-centuryillustration.b.Asfarasthisbookisconcerned,theillustrationsarebetterthanthetextitself.7)editiona.Inhislibraryhekeepssomevaluablefirsteditionsofwell-knownauthors.b.Thelasteditionofthenewspapercomesoutatmidnight.8)intelligenta.Itissuchanenjoyableexperiencetoteachthoseintelligentboysandgirls.b.Hehasreadalotandcanaskintelligentquestionsandputforwardintelligentsuggestions.2.1)WhenIstartedlearningEnglish,Ihadsometroublewithsuchsoundsas/as/and/ai/.2)Wemustprotectourenvironmentfrompollutionatallcosts.3)I"mgladtoridmyselfofthatannoyingfellow.4)You"dbetterdoitnow,oryouwillfeelsorry.Imeaneverywordofit.5)I"massumingthatthemisunderstandingwillbeclearedup.6)Isaidthathewouldbelateforclass,andsureenoughhedidcometoclass10minuteslate.7)Assoonashegotholdofabookaboutpersonalitydevelopment,hedivedintoit.CheckingYourComprehension1.AnswerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformationcontainedinTextB.1)WhichgradewerethechildreninwhenJohnHoltwasteachingthem?2)Howmanybooksarementionedinthetext?Arrangeallthebooksmentionedinthetextaccordingtotheirrangeofdifficulty.Startwiththeeasiestone.3)Basedontheinformationprovidedinthetext,summarizewhattheteachersbeforeJohnHoltmighthavesaidanddoneaboutreadingandwhatJohnHoltactuallysaidanddidaboutreadinginhisclass.Writedownyouranswersinthespaceprovided.WhatotherteachersmayhaveWhatJohnHoltsaidanddidsaidanddoneaboutreadingaboutreadinga._________________________a._________________________b._________________________b._________________________c._________________________c._________________________d._________________________d._________________________2.GiveatleastthreesuitablewordstodescribethefeelingsofthechildrenwhentheyheardwhatJohnHoltsaidaboutreading.Putthewordsinthespaceprovided.a._________________________b._________________________c._________________________Ifyoucanthinkofmorewords,putthemhere:______________,______________,______________3.WriteashortparagraphdescribinghowthegirlfollowedJohnHolt"sadvice._______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________CheckingYourComprehension1.1)Noexactinformationisgiveninthetext.ThechildrenmustbeatleastfourthgradersaccordingtotheclueinPara.5(notahardbookevenformostthirdgraders).2)Three.HowtheGrinchStoleChristmas→NationalVelvet→MobyDick3)见下表WhatotherteachersmighthavesaidanddoneaboutreadingWhatJohnHoltsaidanddidaboutreadinga.Theymighthaveemphasizedunderstandingratherthanreadingforpleasure.b.Theymighthaveaskedstudentsquestionstocheckiftheyunderstoodthebooktheywerereadingorhadreadthebookatall.c.Theymighthaveaskedstudentstodigouteverybitofmeaningfromwhattheywerereading.d.Theymighthavetoldstudentsthatoncetheystartedabook,theyshouldfinishreadingit.e.Theymighthaveaskedparentstochecktheirchildren"sreading.f.Theymighthavepushedstudentstoreadsomethingequivalenttotheirlevel,whichthestudentsmightfinditdifficulttodo.a.Heencouragedstudentstoreadalot,andreadforpleasure.b.Hesaidthathewouldnotchecktoseeifthestudentsunderstoodthebooktheywerereading.c.Hesaidthatstudentscoulddropwhatevertheywerereadingiftheywerenotinterested.d.Heallowedstudentstomakeachoiceastowhattheyshouldread.e.Hedidnotaskparentstochecktheirchildren"sreading.f.Heallowedstudentstoreadwhattheywereinterestedinandskipwhattheydidn"tlike.g.Hesaidthatstudentscouldstartatalowerlevelandprogresstoahigherlevelattheirownpace.2.a.stunned(surprised,shocked);b.doubtful(questioning,sceptical,unbelieving);c.relieved(pleased).3.TheyounggirlmentionedinthetexthadhadahardtimeinherpreviousschoolandhadrecentlymovedtotheschoolwhereJohnHoltwasteaching.AtJohnHolt"ssuggestion,shestartedreadingeasierbookslikeHowtheGrinchStoleChristmasandcontinuedreadingbooksonasimilarlevelforawhile.Then,followingJohnHolt"sadvice,shestartedreadingamoredifficultone,NationalVelvet.Verysoon,toJohnHolt"samazement,shewasreadingMobyDickandsheenjoyeditverymuch. EnhanceYourLanguageAwarenessWordsinActionWorkingwithWordsandExpressions1.Listedintheboxesbelowaresomeofthewordsthatyouneedtoheveryfamiliarwith.Nowworkinpairsandmakesentenceswitheachofthemtoseeifyouhavereallymasteredtheirusages.Youareencouragedtoconsultadictionaryifyouarestillnotquitesureabouttheirmeaningsandusages.TEXTAassumebaseclaimequivalentindividualpersonalprecisequalifiedTEXTBadventureintelligentfurthermoresolemnly2.Intheboxbelowaresomeofthewordsyouhavelearnedinthisunit.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththem.Changetheformwherenecessary.advantageapparentlyastonishcharactercommunicateconfidentenjoyableextremehelpfulmeansobtainparticularlyprocessrelevant1)Ilikethatsingeralot,butIhaven"tbeenableto____________hislatestCDanywhere.2)Jimsaidhewasvery________thattheproject(项目)wouldbesuccessful.3)Nowadayspeoplepreferto____________withoneanotherbye-mail.4)Beingtallgavehima(n)____________overtheotherplayers.5)Hebasedhisarticleonthe____________informationhehadgathered.6)Role-play（角色扮演）is____________indevelopingcommunicationskills.7)Sometimessheeatsalotandsometimesnothingatall;shejustgoesfromone____________totheother.8)MytriptoAustraliaprovedtobeamost____________experience.9)ItisassumedthattheInternetisanefficient____________ofcommunication.10)I"mafraidthatgettingthingschangedisaslow____________.11)Trafficisterriblybadnowadays,____________inthecitycenter.12)Therearetoomany____________inthisnovel;couldyouspareafewminutesandhelpmeclearupmyconfusion?13)Herbehaviourofsmokinginpublicreally____________us.14)Allthestudentsareinterestedinhislectures;____________heisaqualifiedteacher.3.Intheboxesbelowaresomeoftheexpressionsyouhavelearnedinthisunit.Doyouunderstandtheir"meanings?Doyouknowhowtousetheminthepropercontext?Nowcheckfor yourselfbydoingtheblank-fillingexercise.Changetheformwherenecessary.TEXTAaccordingto(be)fondofbesimilartobeworthsth./doingsth.inone"sopinionit"snousedoingsth.letalonenodoubtorelserelate...to...toacertainextentviceversaTEXTBatallcostsclearuprid...of...sureenough1)ItisnotthatIdon"tlikethissinger.ThefactisthatI"mnotvery____________countrymusic.2)Thecost________directly________________theamountoftimespentontheproject.3)Wearepaid____________________howmuchworkwedo.4)___________________,itwasmyfaultthatwelostthematch.5)Girlsmaybringtheirboyfriendstothepartyand____________________.6)Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers;____________he"llbewillingtohelpyou,too.7)Thenewvaccine(疫苗)may________theworld________oneofitsmostterrifyingdiseases.8)Iassumethatthemisunderstandingbetweenthetwosideswillbe______________soon.9)Youmustpay$2,000;_____________,youwillhavetogotoprison.10)Wemustfightpollutionandprotectourenvironment(环境)_________________.11)Isaidhewouldforget,and______________________hedid.12)Hecannotrideabicycle,_____________________amotorbike.13)Whathetalkedaboutinyesterday"slectureis______________whathesaysinthisarticle.14)____________________worryingaboutJim;heisnowwithhisauntwholoveshimandwillnodoubttakegoodcareofhim.15)HewantstoimprovehisEnglishbyreadingdictionaries,but_______itisnotaneffectivemethodoflearning.16)IcalledLindalastnightandaskedheriftheexhibitionofChinesepaintingsinheruniversity______________________seeing.IncreasingYourWordPower1.Collocationisagroupoftwoormorewordsthatoftengotogether.Thiscanbewith1)verbsandnouns,e.g.tochairameeting;2)adjectivesandnouns,e.g.apreciseequivalent;or3)adjectivesandprepositions,e.g.interestedin.Nowdothefollowingmultiplechokeexercise.1)AllthefollowingverbscanformacceptablecollocationswiththenounADVANTAGEexcept________. a.haveb.showc.dod.possesse.enjoy2)AllthefollowingadjectivescanformacceptablecollocationswiththenounADVANTAGEexcept________.a.littleb.greatc.doubled.ridiculouse.clear3)AllthefollowingverbsandphrasescangowiththenounCLAIMexcepta.expressb.speakc.maked.putforwarde.giveup4)AllthefollowingadjectivescanformacceptablecollocationswiththenounCLAIMexcept________.a.similarb.qualifiedc.personald.possiblee.tentative5)AllthefollowingverbscangowiththenounEFFORTexcept________.a.makeb.claimc.doubled.weakene.strengthen6)AllthefollowingadjectivescanformacceptablecollocationswiththenounEFFORTexcept________.a.littleb.continualc.tentatived.probablee.adventurous2.Adverbsareusedtomodifyadjectives.Whatadverbslistedintheboxbelowcanbeusedtomodifytheadjectivesinthesentences?Putasmanyadverbsasyouthinksuitablebeforeeachoftheadjectives.clearlyhighlyincreasinglyquitesimplyvery1)Youneeda(n)____________efficientproductionmanagerifyouwanttoincreaseyourproduction.2)Asheisbecomingolderandweaker,hishandsarenot____________steadynow.3)Itwasbecoming____________apparenttomethathedislikesme.4)Itwouldbe____________ridiculoustospendallyourmoneyovernight.3.Didyounoticethesuffix-!yinwordssuchasefficientlyandparticularlyinTextA?Thesuffix-/ycanbeaddedtoanadjectivetoformanadverb.Nowfindmoreadverbswithsuffix–lyfrombothTextAandTextBandwritedowntheircorrespondingadjectiveinthespaceprovided.AdverbsAdjectivesefficientlyparticularly 4.Correctthemistakesinthefollowingparagraph,payingspecialattentiontotheuseofadjectivesandadverbs.Underlinethemistakesandwritedownyourcorrectionsinthespaceprovided.Ifyouthinkthereisnomistake,write"NoMistake."_______MysisterislearningFrenchashersecondforeignlanguageinheruniversity.________Shefindsasecondforeignlanguageisveryuseful,especialintoday"sworld_______wherepeoplefromdifferentcountriesfinditnecessarilytocommunicate_______frequentwitheachother.Shespendsabouttwohourseveryday,practising_______Frenchpronunciationandreadingoneortwoshortstories.Sheoftensays_______thatshefindsFrenchwordseasilytorememberbecausemanyofthewords_______inFrencharesimilartotheirEnglishequivalentsinspelling.Though_______sheisaquietgirlandlikestodoindividuallystudy,shealways_______findsasmuchchancesasshecantospeakFrenchtoherclassmates,who_______alsothinkithighenjoyabletoconqueranewlanguage.Mysisteris_______interestedinFrenchmoviesandFrenchsongs,too.Itisapparentlythatsheis_______makingremarkablyprogress.Lastnightsheclaimedtothewholefamily_______thatshewouldprobablegotoFrancetostudyafterhergraduation.Ithink________shemeanteverywordofit.GrammarReviewTask1:Fillinthefollowingblankswithappropriatemodalverbs.1)I__________lovetotravelroundtheworldifIhadthechance.2)I__________havegonetoBeijingifIhadknownhewasgoingtobethere,too.3)Iamnotquiteclearabouthertravelplans,butshe__________gotoParistomorrow.4)Ifshehadworkedharder,she__________havepassedtheexamination.5)Joe__________beatleast45yearsold.6)He__________beinthedormitorynow.Imethiminthelibraryjustamomentago.7)We__________trytospeakEnglishwheneverandwhereverwecan;otherwise,we__________havelittlechancetopracticeourEnglish.8)Henry__________havearrivedinShanghaibynow,fortheplanetookoff（起飞）threehoursago.Task2:Thefollowingsentencesseemtobecorrectgrammatically,buttheyareineffectfaulty,especiallywhentheyarewrittendownoutofcontext.Discussinpairswhytheyarenotacceptableandimproveeachofthem.1)Theafternoonpassedverypleasantly,roller-skating(滑旱冰)inthesunandtalkingaboutourchildhoodunderatree.________________________________________2)Enteringthelecturehall,thesizeofthecrowdsurprisedme. ________________________________________3)Whenonlyasmallboy,myfathertookmetoBeijingandwehadalotoffuntogether.________________________________________4)Towritewell,goodbooksmustberead.____________________________________________ClozeCompletethefollowingpassagewithwordschosenfromthisunit.Theinitialletterofeachisgiven.Manyofusthesedaysarelearningaforeignlanguage.Weareinterestedinlearninganotherlanguagebecauseweknowthatknowledgeofanotherlanguageandculturewillincreaseourcareeropportunities,broadenourhorizons(眼界，见识)andenrichourlife.Sincelearningaforeignlanguageisofsuchimportance,nod__________(1)peopleareconstantlylookingformoree__________(2)waysoflanguagelearning.Mostpeoplesaythebestwaytolearnalanguageistostayinthecountryw___________(3)itisspoken.Itistruethosewhogotoanativecountryhaveana___________(4)overthosewhodon"t.Butlivingabroadneedsmoney,andnoteveryonecana___________(5)todoso.Thosewhodon"tgoabroadmayturntolanguageschoolsforhelp.Languageschoolsusuallyc__________(6)thattheycanteachstudentstospeakthelanguagetheywanttolearnf___________(7)within3to6monthsbecausetheyhavemoreq___________(8)teachersandbetterfacilities.Toacertaine___________(9),agoodteacherisindeedimportantinlanguagelearning,butitwouldber___________(10)toclaimthatanyteacherhasdiscoveredap___________(11)wayofteachingEnglishineverypossiblesituation.Infact,therearea___________(12)manygoodmethodsofteachingalanguageastherearegoodteachers,b___________(13)everyteacherisani___________(14)withhis/herownpersonality.Whatastudentneedstorememberthenistofindoutamethodthatbestsuitshimself/herself.TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsandexpressionsgiveninbrackets.1)这个婴儿还不会爬(crawl)，更不要说走了。(letalone)2)威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭，但是我认为他在说谎。(claim，inone"sopinion)3）一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关；有了阅读技巧，你就可以更好地应对课外阅读了。(toacertainextent，relate…to…，copewith)4)根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。(accordingto)5)有些人想当然地认为日语(Japanese)中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。(assume，equivalent)6)我们已将所有的相关信息告知了警方。(relevant)7)关于那件事你问我再多的问题也没用，因为我是不会回答你的。(it"snouse)8)事先没有仔细阅读合同(contract)就签了名是吉姆的错误。(onone"spart)9)他们拒绝向我们提供所需要的全部信息。(provide…with)10)这起事故与三年前发生的一起事故极为相似。(similarto)11)这部影片是根据莎士比亚的戏剧改编的。(baseon) 12)如果你的英语和电脑技能都掌握得好，那么你在谋职时就一定比别人更有优势。(haveanadvantageover)2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Englishteachingmethodshavechangedalotinrecentyears.However,agreatdealofteachingisstillbasedonbehavioristpsychology.Teacherswhobelieveinbehavioristpsychologyarefondofmakingtheirstudentsrepeatphrasesandmakingthemdoexerciseswheretheycontinuallyhavetochangeonewordinasentence.Ifwewereparrotsorchimpanzees,thesemethodsmightbesuccessful.Butwearenot.Humancommunicationmustberealandmeaningful.Theme-RelatedWritingWriteapassageinabout100-120words,takingeitherofthefollowingtitles:1)WhyIliketolearnEnglish2)WhyIhatetolearnEnglish EnhanceYourLanguageAwarenessWordsinActionWorkingwithWordsandExpressionsSamplesentencesforreference1.1)IfJaneisnotherein10minutes,we"llassumethatsheisn"tcomingandwewon"twaitforheranylonger.2)Theybasedtheirestimateonthefiguresforthelastfouryears.3)Theyclaimthattheyhavediscoveredacureforthedisease,butthishasnotyetbeenproved.4)SomeChinesewordshavenoequivalentsinEnglish.5)Therightsoftheindividualareperhapsthemostimportantrightsinsociety.6)Ifyouwantmypersonalopinion,Idon"tthinkyoushouldgothere.7)Thetrainleavesatabouthalfpasteight—8:32,tobeprecise.8)Afteryearsofhardwork,shebecamequalifiedasadoctorlastyear.9)HernewnovelisbasedonheradventuresinAfrica.10)Thehouseistoosmallforafamilyoffive;furthermore,itisinabadcondition.11)Humanbeingsaremuchmoreintelligentthananimals.12)Shepromisedsolemnlythatshewouldnotsayawordaboutittoanyone.2.1)obtain5)relevant2)confident6)helpful3)communicate7)extreme4)advantage8)enjoyable9)means10)process11)particularly12)characters13)astonished14)apparently3.1)fondof2)is...relatedto3)accordingto4)Toacertainextent5)viceversa6)nodoubt7)rid...of8)clearedup9orelse10)atallcosts11)sureenough 12)letalone13)basedon14)It"snouse15)inmyview16)wasworthIncreasingYourWordPower1.l)c2)d3)b4)b5)b6)d2.1)highly/very2)quite/very3)quite/veiy/increasingly4)quite/simply/very3.AdverbsAdjectivesefficientlyefficientparticularlyparticularfluentlyfluentquicklyquickcheaplycheapcontinuallycontinualprobablyprobableadventurouslyadventurousfinallyfinalsteadilysteadyslowlyslowsolemnlysolemnreallyrealapparentlyapparenttentativelytentativeexactlyexact4.NoMistakeespeciallyespecialnecessary_____necessarilyfrequentlyfrequentNoMistakeeasy_________easilyNoMistakeindividualindividuallymany________muchhighly_______high apparent_____apparentlyremarkableremarkablyprobably_____probableNoMistakeGrammarReviewTaskl1)would/should2)should/would3)might4)would5)must6)can"t7)shouldwould8)mustTask21)Wepassedtheafternoonverypleasantly,roller-skatinginthesunandtalkingaboutourchildhoodunderatree./Theafternoonpassedverypleasantly,whileweroller-skatedinthesunandtalkedaboutourchildhoodunderatree.2)Onenteringthelecturehall,Iwassurprisedatthesizeofthecrowd./WhenIenteredthelecturehall,Iwassurprisedatthesizeofthecrowd.3)WhenIwasonlyasmallboy,myfathertookmetoBeijingandwehadalotoffuntogether.4)Towritewell,apersonmustreadgoodbooks.Cloze1)doubt2)efficient3)where4)advantage5)afford6)claim7)fluently8)qualified9)extent10)ridiculous11)perfect12)as13)because14)individualTRANSLATION1.1)Thebabycan"tevencrawlyet,letalonewalk!2)Willclaimedhewasdiningwithagroupoffriendsatthetimeofthemurder,butinmy opinionhetoldalie.3)Toacertainextentthespeedofreadingiscloselyrelatedtoreadingskills;andwithreadingskillsyoucancopewithoutsideclassreadingbetter.4)Accordingtotheregulation/rule,theybothcanplaythegame/participateinthegame.5)SomepeopleassumethatthereisaChineseequivalentforeveryJapaneseword.6)Wehavepassedallrelevantinformationontothepolice.7)ThereisnouseaskingmeanymorequestionsaboutthatmatterbecauseIwon"tanswer.8)ItwasamistakeonJim"sparttosignthecontractwithoutreadingitcarefully.9)Theyrefusedtoprovideuswithalltheinformationweneed.10)Thisaccidentisverysimilartotheonethathappenedthreeyearsago.11)ThefilmisbasedonaplaybyShakespeare.12)IfyouhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandcomputerskills,youwillsurelyhaveanadvantageoverothersinfindingajob.2.近年来英语教学法有了很大改变，但是还是有大量的教学活动建立在行为主义心理学基础之上。那些信奉行为主义心理学理论的教师热衷于让学生复述短语，并迫使学生做一些只需不断更换句中某个词的练习。假如我们是鹦鹉或黑猩猩，那么这些方法或许能奏效。但是我们不是鹦鹉或黑猩猩，人类的语言交际必须是真实、有意义的。Theme-RelatedWritingSampleEssayOne:WhyIliketolearnEnglishIhavelearnedEnglishforaboutsevenyears.IshouldsaythatIamhighlymotivatedtomasterEnglish.Firstofall,learningEnglishisuseful,asitisbecomingaworldlanguageandpeoplefromdifferentcountriesoftencommunicatewithoneanotherinEnglish.IfIamgoodatEnglish,itwillbemucheasierformetocommunicatewiththem.Secondly,Iliketravelingalot.AgoodmasteryofEnglishwillmakethingsmucheasierformewhentravelingaroundtheworld.Finally,Ilikeliteraturealot.IfIamverygoodatEnglish,IcanreadgreatworksbyShakespeareandDickensandmanyotherEnglishwritersinsteadofreadingthetranslatedversions.(118words)SampleEssayTwo:WhyIhatetolearnEnglishIhavelearnedEnglishforaboutsevenyears.IshouldsaythemoreIlearnEnglish,themoreIhateit.Firstofall,learningEnglishisboring.Ihavetomemorizemanynewwordsorrelyonadictionarytofrequentlycheckunknownwords.Doingsowastesalotofmyprecioustime.Secondly,Idon"tunderstandwhywehavetolearnaforeignlanguage.Idon"twanttogoabroadandIcanalwaysfindajobthatdoesn"tneedEnglishinChina.Finally,IcanalwaysreadtranslatedversionsofthebooksIwanttoread.So,ifIdon"thavetolearnEnglish,IwouldratherusethetimeIspendonEnglishtodothingsIlike.(121words)'