=10/200×10=5,属于过渡区扩散,由教材(6.36)式可算得乙苯-22的Dk=2.784×10cm/s.1−22D==2.2.3482.3481034810×10cm/s11khdaw.com−2+2.2.7842.7841078410×100.15Dεp−332−72De==2.739102.7392.73910×10cm/s=2.73910×m/sτm由上数据可算得φ=1.425,由教材(6.60)式算得η=0.528课后答案网6.19苯(B)在钒催化剂上部分氧化成顺酐(MA),反应为:www.hackshp.cn这三个反应均为一级反应.实验测得反应器内某处气相中苯和顺酐的浓度分别为1.27%和0.55%(均为mol%),molmol%),%),催化剂外表面温度为623K,此温度下,k,k1=0.0196,k1=0.01961=0.0196ss-1,k2=,k2=0.0158,k2=0.0158s0.0158s-1,k3=,k3=1.98,k3=1.981.98×10-3s-1--11,苯与顺酐的kGam均为1.0×10-4m3/s/skg./s/skg.kg.催化剂的颗粒密度为1500kg/m1500kg/m1500kg/m3,试计算反应的瞬间选择性并与外扩散无影响时的瞬时选择性相比较.解:−5−5−5由k=k/ρ可算出k=1.1.301.30710,30710,710,×k=1.05310,×k=0.13210×wpw1w2w33单位均为m/kgs⋅.由Da=k/ka可算得D=0.0.130.1307,1307,07,D=0.1053,D=0.0132wGma1a2a3为简化起见以表示顺酐,C表示(CO+COA),由教材(6.18)式可写出:2kGam(CBG−CBS=)kw1+(kw2CBS)(Α)kGam(CAS−CAG=kC)w1BS−kCw2AS(Β)ka(C−C=kC)−kC(C)GmCSCGw2ASw3BSkhdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
由(1)得C=C/(1+D+D)BSBGa1a2由(2)得C=C/(1+D)+DC/[(1+D+D)(1+D)]AsAGa22a1BGa1a2a1有外扩散影响时的瞬时选择性:S=(kCw1BS−kCw2AS)(/kw1+kw3CBS)kk⎡CDC⎤⎡1+D+D⎤w1w2AGa1BGa1a3=−⎢+⎥⎢⎥kw1+kw3kw1+kw3⎣1+Da2(1+Da1+Da3)(1+Da2⎦⎣)CBG⎦kk⎡(1(1+D+D)CD⎤w1w2a1a3AGa1=−⎢+⎥kw1+kw3kw1+kw3⎣(1+Da2C)BG1+Da2⎦=0.4740.470.4742422无外扩散影响时的瞬时选择性khdaw.com:kkCS′=w1−w2CG=0.57260.5720.57266k+kk+kCw1w3w1w3BG6.20原题见教材,今补充如下:实验测得A的气相浓度为1.68×10-5molmol/cmmmol/cmol/cm/cm3时的反应速率为1.04×10-5(m(mol/c(mol/cmol/cmm3床层﹒s).s).解:已知课后答案网*−5−53(−RA=1.0411.041.0410/(10.4)1.73310)×10/(10.4)1.733100/(10.4)1.73310−=×molcm/颗粒⋅s若不计外扩散阻力,则CAS=C==CCAGAAGG=1.68==1.681.68×10--55molmol/cmmmol/cmol/cm/cm3由教材www.hackshp.cn312页:*2φs=−(RALDeC)/AG2φφ=φηL=dp/6=0.04cm,可算得s=0.1375,由(6.82)式s,将此式与(6.60)式用试差法联立求解可得:φ=0.387η=0.927.多相催化反应器的设计与分析7.1若气体通过固定床的线速度按空床计算为0.2m/s,0.2m/0.2m/s,s,则真正的线速度为多少?已知所填充的固体颗粒的堆密度为1.2g/cm1.2g/cm1.2g/cm3,颗粒密度为1.81.8g/cmg/cmg/cm3解:ρb1.2ε=−1=−1=0.33330.30.3333333ρ1.81.8pu空床0.20.2u===0.6/0.0.6/6/ms真正ε0.33330.3330.333337.2为了测定形状不规则的合成氨用铁催化剂的形状系数,将其填充在内径为98mm的容器中,填充高度为1m,然后边续地以流量为1m3//hh的空气通过床层,相应测得床层的压力降为101.3Pa,实验操作温度为298K298K,,试计算该催化剂颗粒的形状系数.已知催化剂颗粒的等体积相当直径为4mm,4mm,4mm,堆密度为1.45g/cm1.45g/cm1.45g/cm3,颗粒密khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
度为2.62.6g/cmg/cmg/cm3.解:23∆p=101.101.33Pa=101.3kgmsLr/⋅,=1,mρ=1.185kgm/−5−5−3µ=1.87101.8711.8710×0Pas⋅=1.8710×kgmsd/⋅,=×410mv1u==0.03685/0.0360.03685/85/ms0236000.785(0.098)3600036000.785(0.098)×.785(0.098)ρ1.451.1.4545bε=−1=−1=0.44230.40.4423423ρ2.602.2.6060p2Lur0ρ(1−ε)由(7.1)式p=f∆3dεpkhdaw.com根据(6.4)式可推导出ψa=dp/dv,式中dp为等比外表面积相当直径,dv为等体积相当直径.Lu2ρ(1−ε)fpε3r0∆dv∴∆p=f即=(1)(1(1)(1))32ψadvεψaLur0ρ(1−ε)150115050µ(1−ε)由(7.2)课后答案网式f=+1.7515011.75150.75150=×+1.75(2)Reψduρav0将有关数值代入(1)和(2)式得:fwww.hackshp.cn−332=101.310101.3(410)(0.4423)/11.185(0.03685)1.3(410)(0.4423)/11.185(0.03685)(410)(0.4423)/11.185(0.03685)××(10.4423)39.07(10.4(10.4423)39.07−423)39.07=(3)ψa−31.8311.8310(10.4423)×0(10.4423)−8.778f=150×+1.751.71.755=+1.75(4)−3ψ(410)0.036851.185(410)(410)0.036851.185××0.036851.185×ψaa(3),(4)式联立:8.778/ψ+1.75=39.07ψ,将此式变为:aa239.07ψ−1.75ψ−8.778088.7780.7780=aa解此方程得:ψ=0.49690.4960.49699a7.3由直径为3mm的多孔球形催化剂组成的等温固定床,在其中进行一级不-1可逆反应,基于催化剂颗粒体积计算的反应速率常数为0.8s,有效扩散系数为20.013cm/s,当床层高度为2m时,可达到所要求的转化率.为了减小床层的压力降,改用直径为6mm的球形催化剂,其余条件均不变,,流体在床层中流动均为层流,试计算:(1)(1)催化剂床层高度;(2)(2)(2)(2)((2)2)床层压力降减小的百分率.解(1)((1)1)求dpddpp为6mm6m6mmm的床层高度L2,已知数据:dp:dp1=3mm=0.3cm,dp=3mm=0.3c=3mm=0.3cm,dpm,dp2=0.6cm,L=0.6c=0.6cm,Lm,L1=2m,=2m,kp=0.8skpkp=0.8s=0.8s-1,De,De=0.013cm,D,De=0.013cme=0.013cm=0.013cm2/skhdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
xAf1FdxLVA0∫0ηRAη1r11A2===LVxAf1η2r2Fdx1A0∫A0ηR2AR1kp10.300.3.30.800.8.8ϕ==×=0.39220.3920.3922213De320.0130.0.013013求得η=0.920.0.92921R2kp10.60.8ϕ==×=0.78450.7840.7845523De320.0130.0.013013求得η=0.75600.756.756khdaw.com2η0.920.0.9292∴L=1L=×=22.43222.432.43m21η0.75600.756.7562(2)求床层压力降减小的百分率:22Lu1ρ0(1−ε)Lu2ρ0(1−ε)∆p=f,∆p=f1课后答案网13223dεdεp1p2假定床层的空隙率不变,则有:∆p1fLd11p2=www.hackshp.cn(1)∆pfLd222p1层流流动时:151501515001−εf==150150×µReduρp0f1∴=d/d(2(2)(2(2))p2p1f2(1),(2)式联立:22∆p1Ldd11p2p2L1⎛dp2⎞2⎛0.6/20.6/0.6/22⎞==⎜⎟=⎜⎟=3.22533.225.225∆p2Ldd2p1p1L2⎜⎝dp1⎟⎠2.430.3/22.4302.430.3/2⎝.3/2⎠床层压力降减少的百分率为:∆p−∆p3.22513.2253.2251−112==0.689968.99%0.6890.689968.99%968.99%=∆p3.22533.225.22517.4拟设计一多段间接换热式二氧化硫催化氧化反应器,每小时处理原料气35000m3(标准状况下),),组成为SSOO2:7.5%;O::7.5%;O:7.5%;O2:10.5%;N:10.5%;N2:82%.采用直径5m5mmm高10mm10m10mmm的圆柱形催化剂共80m3,取平均操作压力为0.1216Mpa,0.1216Mpa,0.1216Mpa,平均操作温度为733K,混合气体的粘度等于3.4×10--55Pa.sPa.s,Pa.s,,密度按空气计算.解:由(7.1)式khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
2Lur0ρ(1−ε)∆p=f3dεp根据题给条件有:7330.10130.0.10131013350003350005000××u=2730.12132730.2730.12131213=21.75Ams−1/0360036360000A上式中AA——床层截面积,m2.−1L=80/880/0/A=80Am6V60.785(0.005)60.7860.785(0.005)5(0.005)20.01p××−1d===6.005106.0056.00510×10mp2a20.785(0.005)20.7820.785(0.005)×5(0.005)+4.140.0050.01××p1/31/31/31/36V60.785(0.005)60.7860.785(0.005)5(0.005)20.01khdaw.com⎛p⎞⎡××⎤−3d=⎜⎟=⎢⎥=7.215107.2157.21510×10mv⎝π⎠⎣3.14233.142.142⎦ψ=d/d在题(7.1)中已推导出apv,因此有:−36.005106.0056.00510×10ψ==0.83230.8320.83233a−37.215107.2157.21510课后答案网×10查”无机化工反应工程””P10P10P1088图4-4-11得ε==0.45,0.45,混合气的物性数据按空气计算误差不大,733K下,ρ=0.4832kg/m=0.4832k=0.4832kg/mg/m3,μ=0.034厘泊==3.43.4×10--55Pa.sPa.s,Pa.s,,因此有:−5150www.hackshp.cnµ(1−ε)1503.410(10.45)11503.410(10.45)503.410(10.45)××−f=+1.751501.7511.75150=50×+1.75=+1.75−3−1Reduρ6.00510(21.756.006.00510(21.75510(21.75×A)0.4832×p0=0.044440.0440.0444444A+1.75−1−1280A×0.4832(21.750.40.4832(21.75832(21.75A)(10.45)−∴∆p=(0.04444(0.04(0.04444444A+1.75)=1.838−336.005106.0056.00510×10×0.45−3×A(0.04444(0.04(0.04444444A+1.75)Pa要求△P<4052PaP1.838×107A--33(0.0444A(0.0444A+1.75)(0.0444A(0.0444A+1.75)+1.75)试差求解床径:床层直径D床层截面积A等式右边的值(m)(m)(m2)(P(Pa)(Pa)a)5.322.0546785.422.8942395.4523.3240395.5023.753849所以床层直径应大于或等于5.45m,直径为5.45m所对应床层高度为:80L==3.43133.431.431m23.32223.323.327.5多段冷激式氨合成塔的进塔原料气组如下:组分NH3N2H2ArAArrCHCCHkhdaw.comH4若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
%2.0921.8266.002.457.63(1)(1)(1)(1)((1)1)计算氨分解基(或称无氨基)进塔原料气组成:(2)(2)(2)(2)((2)2)若进第一段的原料气温度为407℃,求第一段的绝热操作线方程,方程中的组成分别用氨的转化率及氨含量来表示.反应气体的平均热容按33.0833.08J/molKJ/molKJ/mJ/molKolK计算.反应热△Hr=-5358J/molNHHr=-5358J/Hr=-5358J/molNHmolNH3(3)(3)(3)(3)((3)3)计算出口氨含量为10%时的床层出口温度,按考虑反应过程总摩尔数变化与忽略反应过程总摩尔数变化两种情况分别计算,并比较计算结果.解:(1):(1)计算氨分解基气体组成:100mol原料气中含NH32.09mol,2.09m2.09mol,2.09mol,相当于2.09/2molN2.09/2m2.09/2molNolN2及(1.5(1.5×2.09)2.09)molH2.09)m2.09)molHmolHolH2,因此,无氨基气体组成如下:NH3N2H2CHCCHH4ArAArr∑MoMMooMolMMololMolMMololMolMMololMoMMooMolMMololMoMMooMolMMololMolMMololMolMMololMolMMololMolMMololkhdaw.coml%%%l%l%%22.8667.77.62.4102.0069.147.637.4742.410052351(2)绝热操作线方程:(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)考虑反应过程中气体总摩尔数的变化.13N+H⇌NH课后答案网223以y代表氨基气体mol%,Fmol%,Ft表示混合气体总摩尔流量,由22可以看出,每生成1摩尔NH3,混合气体总摩尔数减少1,所以生成氨的摩尔数Fy−Fy=tAtwww.hackshp.cn0A0,(下标A代表NH3,0代表进口处,yA0和yA均指有氨基的mmol%)mol%)因此有:Ft0−(FytA−Fyt0A0)=Ft1+yA0化简得:F=F(1)(1(1))tt01+yA(a)(a)(a)(a)以N2的转化率表示组成时的绝热操作线方程:FN2,0∆xN2(−∆HrT0)=FCTP∆T上式中(-(-△HHr)Hr)以反应每kmolkmol的N2计.1+yA0∴FN2,0∆xN2(−∆HrT0)=FCt0p∆T1+yA∆T=FN2,0,,00(−∆HrT0)1+yA∆xFC1+yN2t0pA0以进口处N2的转化率为0作基准计算,则有:T=T+yN2,0(−∆Hr⎛⎜)1+yA⎞⎟x0C⎝1+y⎠N2pA0−∆Hr=(2525358253581×35811kJkmolN)/2代入有关数据:khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
0.21825358120.2180.21825358122535812××1+yT=680680+Ax33.0810.0209+N2T=680+692.4(1692.692.4(14(1+y)x化简得:AN2(2)又,生成的NH3molmmolol数为:1+yyF−yF=yFA0−yFAtA00t0At0A0t01+yA1⎛1+y⎞A0⎜yF−yF⎟At0A0t02⎝1+y⎠反应消耗N2的mol数为:A01⎛1+y⎞A0F⎜y−y⎟t0AA02⎝1+y⎠Ax=khdaw.comN20.2180.0.218221822F∴N2的转化率:t01⎛10.020910.010.0209+209⎞⎜y−0.02090.0200.02099⎟A2⎝1+y⎠Ax=N20.2180.0.218221822代入数据:x+0.047880.0470.0478888课后答案网y=N2A2.29122.291.291−x化简得:N2(3)⎛x+0.047880.0470.0478888⎞www.hackshp.cnT=680692.468069680692.4+2.4x⎜1+N2⎟N2⎜2.29122.291.291−x⎟(3)(3)代入((2)2)式得:⎝N2⎠x化简后得到以N2表示组成的绝热方程为:162016162020xT=680680+N22.29122.291.291−xN2(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)以NH3含量表示组成的绝热操作线方程:(FytA−Fyt0A0)(−∆Hr=)FCtp∆T式中(-(-△HHr)Hr)以每生成1kmolNH1k1kmolNHmolNH3计,⎛1+y⎞⎜FA0y−Fy⎟(−∆H=)FC∆TtAt0A0rtp⎝1+y⎠A(−∆Hr1)+yA⎛1+yA0⎞(−∆Hr⎛)yA0(1+yA⎞)∴∆T=⎜y−y⎟=⎜y−⎟AA0AC1+y⎝1+y⎠C⎝1+y⎠pA0ApA0−∆H=535815353581581kJkmolNH/r353581⎡0.0209(10.0200.0209(19(1+y)⎤A代入数据:T=680+y−33.08⎣⎢A10.020910.0210.0209+09⎥⎦化简得到以yA表示组成的绝热操作线方程如下:khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
T=6801620[+y−0.02047(1+y)]AA(B)(B)(B)(B)(B)忽略反应过程中气体总摩尔数的变化(a)以N2转化率表示组成时的绝热操作线方程:F(−∆H)∆x=FC∆TN2,0rN2tp式中-△Hr以每反应1km1kmolN1km1kmolNolN2计.∴∆T=FN2,0,0(−∆Hr∆)x=FN2,0,,00(−∆Hr∆)xFCN2FCN2tpt0pyN2,0(−∆Hr)0.21822535810.2180.21822535812253581××即T=T+∆x=680680+x0CN233.08333.083.08N2p化简之T=680+707.1xN2khdaw.com(b)以NH3含量表示组成的绝热操作线方程:Fyt(A−yA0−)(∆Hr=FCt)p∆T式中-△Hr以每反应1km1kmolN1km1kmolNolN2计:−∆Hr∆T=(yA−yA0)C课后答案网p−∆H=53581kJmolNH/r3535815535813581T=680+(yA−yA0=)T68016206806801620+1620(yA−0.0209)www.hackshp.cn33.08333.083.08(3)计算出口氨含量为10%的床层出口温度,考虑反应总摩尔数变化时:T=6801620[+y−0.02047(1+y)]6801620[0.10.02047(10)]6801620[0.10.02047(10.1)]=+−+.1)].1.1)])]AA=805.58805.505.5K忽略反应总摩尔变化时:T=6801620(+y−0.0209)=6801620(0.10.0209)+−=808.1KA808.1-805.5=2.6K,温度相差并不大,这是由于合成氨反应体系总转化率不高的缘故,若转化率高则两种方法计算出来的床层出口温度将会有较大的差别.7.6在绝热催化反应器中进行二氧化硫氧化反应,入口温度为420℃,入口气体中SO2浓度为7%(7%(mol);7%(7%(mol);mol);出口温度为590℃,出口气体中SO2含量为2.1%(2.1%(mol)2.1%(m2.1%(mol),mol)ol),在催化剂床层内A,B,CA,B,C三点进行测定.(1)(1)(1)(1)((1)1)测得A点的温度为620℃,你认为正确吗?为什么?(2)(2)(2)(2)((2)2)测得B点的转化率为80%,你认为正确吗?为什么?((3)(3)(3)3)(3)((3)3)测得C点的转化率为50%,经再三检验结果正确无误,估计一下C点的温度.解(1)绝热床内的温度是呈线性上升的,出口处温度最高,床内任一点温度不可能高于出口温度,故620℃是不可能的.(2)出口处SOSSOO2的转化率为((0.07-0.021)(0.07-0.021)×100%/0.07=70%.100%/0.07=70%.100%/0.07=70%.床层内部任一点处转化率不可能高于70%,故转化率为80%是不可能的.(3)(3)△tt==λ△XA,590-420=λ×0.7λ=(590-420)/0.7=242.86故C点温度为:t=t0+λ△XA=420+242.86=420+242.86×0.5=541.4℃khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
7.7乙炔水合生产丙酮的反应式为:2CH+3HO→CHCOCH+CO+2H2223322在ZnO-FeZnO-FZnO-Fee2O3催化剂上乙炔水合反应的速率方程为:73r=7.0610exp(7413/)7.0617.0610exp(7413/)×0exp(7413/)−TCkmolm/床层⋅hAA式中CA为乙炔的浓度,拟在绝热固定床反应器中处理含量为3%C2H2(mol)(m(mol)ol)的气体1000m3(STP)/h,(STP)(STP)/h,/h,要求乙炔转化68%,若入口气体温度为380℃,假定扩散影响可忽略,试计算所需催化剂量.反应热效应为-178kJ/mol,-178kJ/mo-178kJ/mol,l,气体的平均恒压热容按36.4J/molK36.4J/m36.4J/molKolK计算.解:原料气中乙炔浓度很低,可忽略反应过程总摩尔数的变化.F(1(1−x)(1−x)273)27)2733A0AAC==FAA0QQ0(273273+t)式中khdaw.comQ0为以标准状态计的体积流量,Q为温度t时垢体积流量.77273(1−xA)r=7.0610exp(7413/)7.0617.0610exp(7413/)×0exp(7413/)−TC=7.0610exp(7413/)×−TFAAA0Q(273((273273+t)00.680.0.68681xAfQ0(273273+tdx)AV=Fdx=FrA0∫0rAA0∫0F(1−x2737.0610exp(7413/)27372737.0610exp(7413/))×.0610exp(7413/)×7−T课后答案网AA0A0.6400.0.64.6464(273273+tdx)A=Q0∫07.061017.0617.06101×017(−x273exp(7413/))−Twww.hackshp.cnA5已知:−∆H=178kJmol/=1.7810×Jmol/C=36.4/JmolK⋅p5y(−∆H)0.0.031.7810031×.7810×λ=A0r==146.51146.546.5KC36.43636.4.4p绝热操作线方程为:t=t+λ(x−x)380146.5)380)380146.5=+146.5x0AA0A273273+t令:f(xA)=77.061017.0617.06101×01(−xA273exp(7413/))−T算出一系列f(Xf(XA)-X)-XA的值如下表:XA00.10.20.330.40.50.60.7t℃380395409424438452468482F(XF(XA)×2.862.522.282.092.022.012.12.39103图解积分得:0.680.0.6868−3−33∫0fxdx(A)A=1.5101.511.510×0所以Vr=10001.510110001.5100001.510××=1.5m7.8题7.7所述乙炔水合反应,在绝热条件下进行,并利用反应后的气体预热原料,其流程如图77AA所示.所用预热器换热面积50m2,乙炔浓度为3%的原料气以1000m3(STP)/(STP)(STP)//h的流量首先进入预热器预热,使其温度从khdaw.com100℃升到某一定值后进若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
入体积为1m3的催化剂床层中绝热反应,反应速率方程见题7.7,预热器总传质系数为17.5w/m17.5w/m17.5w/m2K,反应气体热容按36.4J/m36.4J/molK36.4J/m36.4J/molKolK计算,试求:(1)(1)(1)(1)((1)1)绝热温升(可不考虑反应过程中反应气体总摩尔数的变化).))..(2)((2)(2)(2)2)(2)((2)2)计算反应器出口可能达到的乙炔转化率(列出方程式,并用文字说明求解过程).解:(1)::(1):(1)绝热温升.按题意,在计算绝热温升时可忽略反应过程总摩尔数的变化.5y=0.03,−∆H=1.7810×JmolC/,=36.4/JmolK⋅A0rp5y(−∆H)0.0.031.7810031×.7810×λ=A0r==146.51146.546.5KC36.43636.4.4p(2)列方程求解转化率:(A)(A)由绝热床热量衡算得:Tf=T==TT0+146.5X++146.5X146.5XAfAAff(1)((1)1)khdaw.com(B(B)(B))由预热器热量衡算得::TT0-373=Tf-T--TT2(2)((2)2)(C(C)(C)(C))(C)(C)预热器中,传热的对数平均温度差为:(T2−373373−()Tf−T0)∆T=mT−373373ln2T−Tf0传热速率方程课后答案网:FCTtp(f−T2=UAT)∆m53而F=PQRTP/,=1.1.01.01310013101310×PaT,=273,KQ=1000m/,htwww.hackshp.cn33=R8.314108.3148.31410×10Pam⋅/kmolK⋅51.013101.0131.01310×10×1000−2F==44.63kmolh/=1.2410×kmols/t38.314108.3148.31410×10×273222又U=17.5/wm⋅K=17.5/Jsm⋅⋅Α=50Km17.55017.5517.550×0∆Tm(T2−T0−)(Tf−373373733733)T−T==1.938∆T=1.938(3)f2×−2××3mT−T1.21.2411036.410336.4106.410ln20T−373733733f(D)绝热床反应体积:xAf1V=FdxrA0∫A0kCA211221123221123++−−11233CA0(1−xTA0)δ==−0.5y=0.030.0.0303C=AA0A21+yδxTA0AA式中CA0为床层进口处浓度,而CAA00=P==PPA0AA00/R/RT/RTT0=0.03×1.013×105/(8.314/(8.314×103T0)=0.36655/T=0.36655/T0kmol/mkkmol/mmol/m3khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
0.36550.3650.36555(1−xTA0)3C=kmolm/AT0(10.01510.0110.015−5xTA)F=0.0344.671.340.0340.0344.671.34×4.671.34=kmolh/A0故有:xAfdxV=1.34A=1(4)1(1(4)4)r∫07(1−xA)T00.36550.0.365536557.0610exp7.0617.0610exp×0exp(−7413/T)10.01510.0110.015−5xTTA0联立解方程(1)-(4)((1)-(4)1)-(4)便可解出T0,Tf,T2,XAf7.9某合氨厂采用二段间接换热式绝热反应器在常压下进行如下反应:CO+HO→CO+H222热效应△khdaw.comHr=-41030J/mol,Hr=-41030J/Hr=-41030J/mol,mol,进入预热器的半水煤气与水蒸汽之摩尔比1:1.4,而半水煤气组成(干基)为:组成COH2COCCOO2N2CHCCHH4其他∑mmol%mol%30.437.89.4621.30.790.25100图7b为流程示意图,图上给定了部分操作条件,假定各股气体的热容均可按33.51J/molK33.51J/m33.51J/molKolK计算,试求Ⅱ段绝热床层的进出口温度和一氧化碳转化率,设系统对环境的热损失为零课后答案网.解:(1):(1)预热器热量衡算:FCt+FCt′=FCT+FC×300303003000p0p2pfp�105+www.hackshp.cnt2′=250300252503000300+=t2′445C(2)第一段绝热床热量衡算:t1′−t1=λ∆xA=λ(x1−x0)yA0(−∆Hr)0.3041410300.3040.304141030×141030λ===155.21155.255.2C11.433.4911.4311.433.49+3.49p�x−x=0.8−t′t=155.20.8124.115155.20.8124.15.20.8124.1×=C1011(3)由Ⅰ,Ⅱ段绝热床的中间换热器热量衡算得:FC300303003000+FCt′=FCt+FCtpp1p1p2t′−t=t−3003001112�上面已算出t′−t=124.1C,所以,t−300124.1,=故有:112�t=124.1300424.1124.1124.1300424.1+300424.1=C2(4)列第二段绝热床热量衡算:t2′=t2+λ(x2−x1−)t2′2t2=λ(x2−x1)把ttx,,′的值代入上式:445424.1155.2(:445:445424.1155.2(−424.1155.2(=x−0.8)22212解得:x=0.93470.930.93474727.10在氧化铝催化剂上进行乙腈的合成反应:khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
CH+NH→CHCN+H∆H=−92.292.292.2kJmol/22332r设原料气的摩尔比为C2H2:NH:NH3:H2=1:2.2:1,==1:=1:2.2:1,1:2.2:1,2.2:1,采用三段绝热式反应器,段间间接冷却,使每段出口温度均为550℃,而每段入口温度亦相同,已知反应速率式可近似地表示为:4rA=k(1−xA)kmolCH22/kgh⋅=k3.3.083.0810exp(7960/)0810exp(7960/)×10exp(7960/)−T式中xA为乙炔的转化率,液体的平均热容为Cp=128/JmolK⋅,如要求乙炔转化率达到92%,并且日产乙腈20吨,问需催化剂量多少?解:以A表示乙炔,32010×201022010010×F===22.09kmolh/A024×M×0.920.90.92224410.92××乙腈Ckhdaw.com在热衡算中忽略反应过程总摩尔数的变化,并把各段的p视为相等,对每一段均有:FCtp∆T=−(∆HFr)A0∆xA(−∆HFr)A0(−∆HrF)A0(−∆Hry)A0则有:∆T=∆x=∆x=∆xAAAFCCFCtppt0p−∆H课后答案网=92.2kJmol/=9.2210×4Jmol/r419.22109.229.2210×10∆T=∆x=171.51171.571.5∆xAA12.21www.hackshp.cn12.21++128依题意,各段进出口温度相等即各段△T相等,所以各段转化率差△XA亦相等,因此有:△XA=1/3=1/3×0.92=0.3067各段△T为:△T=171.5T=171.5△XA=171.5×0.3067=0.3067=52.59K52.59K因而各段进口温度==823-52.59=770.4K=823-=823-52.59=770.4K823-52.59=770.4K52.59=770.4K各段进出口温度和转化率如下表所列:进口出口段数T(K)T(T(K)K)XAT(K)T(T(K)K)XA一770.408230.3067二770.40.30678230.6134三770.40.61348230.92第一段T=770.4+171.5T=T=770.4+171.5770.4+171.5△XAk=3.08k=3.08×104exp(-7960/T)exp(-7960/exp(-7960/T)T)0.306710.30671w=Fdx=22.0922222.092.09.09dx1A0∫0A∫0ArAk(1−xA)XA00.050.100.150.200.250.300.3067T770.4779787.6796804.7813.3821.9823k1.0031.1241.2571.401.5581.7291.9151.9411/k(1-1/k1/k(1-(1-0.9970.93650.88390.840.80320.77110.74590.7431XA)图解积分求得:khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
0.3067dx∫A=0.25760.2570.257660k(1(1−x)A因此,w1=22.09×0.2576=0.2576=5.6905.690KgKKgg第二段,T=770.4+171.5(X,T,T=770.4+171.5(X=770.4+171.5(XA-0.3067)XA0.30670.350.400.450.500.550.600.613T770.4777.8786.8794.9803.6812.1820.7823k1.0031.1071.2381.3781.5371.7051.8591.9411/k(1-1/k1/k(1-X(1-XA)1.4381.3891.2471.3181.31010.3031.3231.3330.61341∫0.30670.3060.30677dxA=0.42120.4210.42122k(1(1−x)A故有:w2=22.09==22.0922.09×0.4212=0.4212=9.3049.304KgKKgg第三段,T=770.4+171.5(X,T,T=770.4+171.5(X=770.4+171.5(XA-0.6134)khdaw.comXA0.60340.650.700.750.800.850.900.92T770.4776.7785.2793.8802.4810.9819.5823k1.0031.0911.2191.3601.5141.6801.8651.9411/k(1-1/k1/k(1-X(1-XA)2.5792.6192.7352.9413.3033.9685.3626.4400.921∫0.61340.6130.61344dxA=1.041.1.0404k(1(1−x)课后答案网Aw3=22.09×1.04=1.04=22.9622.96KgKKgg催化剂总重量www.hackshp.cn=5.69+9.304+22.96=37.95==5.69+9.304+22.96=37.955.69+9.304+22.96=37.95Kg7.11例7.3所述的两段绝热式水煤气变换反应器,若第一段出口一氧化碳的转化率为84%,为使该段的催化剂用量最少,则第一段进口气体的温度应为多少?试利用题7.3所给的数据计算并与该题给定的第一段入口温度值相比较.解:用T0表示第一段入口温度,第一段绝热操作线方程为:T=TT=T0+155.2XA(1)((1)1)例7.3中((G)(G)式:⎡⎛1⎞⎤⎢∂⎜⎟⎥⎢⎜⎝(−RA⎟⎠)⎥65421654265421.674(1.674.674β−1)=⎢∂T⎥kp*x2T2⎢⎥A0(1−A1)(−β)⎢⎥⎣⎦xA*−4k=2.1722.172.17210exp210exp×10exp(−6542/Tmolg)/⋅min⋅Pa例7.3中(B)(B)式:将(B)(B)式代入(G)(G)式得:⎡⎛1⎞⎤⎢∂⎜⎟⎥⎢⎜⎝(−RA⎟⎠)⎥65426542165421.674(1.674.674β−1)=(2)(2)⎢∂T⎥−4TPx2T2⎢⎥2.17210exp2.1722.17210exp×10exp(−6542/A0)1−(A1−β)()⎢⎥⎣⎦xA将(1)(1)式代入((2)2)式得:khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
⎡⎛1⎞⎤⎢∂⎜⎟⎥⎢⎜⎝(−RA⎟⎠)⎥⎢∂T⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦xA65421654265421.674(1.674.674β−1)=(3)(3)−4222.17210exp2.1722.17210exp×10exp⎡⎣−6542/(T0+155.2xA)⎤⎦PA01(−xA1−)(βT0+)(155.2xA)而PA0=03.1267P==03.1267P03.1267Pt=0.1267==0.12670.1267×101325=101325=1.2841.284×104PPaPaa代入((3)3)式得:⎡⎛1⎞⎤⎢∂⎜⎟⎥⎢khdaw.com⎜⎝(−RA⎟⎠)⎥⎢∂T⎥⎢⎥⎢⎣⎥⎦xA65421.674654265421.65421.674(1.674674β−1)=−4422⎛−6542⎞2.17210×课后答案网×1.2841011.2841.284101×101(−xA)(1−βT)(0+155.2xAexp⎜)⎟⎝T+155.2x⎠0A31.6741.674β−1=2.346102.34610×(4)www.hackshp.cn22⎛−6542⎞(1−xA)(1−βT)(0+155.2xAexpexexpp⎜)⎟⎝T+155.2x⎠0A为使第一段催化剂用量最小,需符合(7.30)所表示的最佳化条件:⎛1⎞∂⎜⎟xAi+1⎜⎝RA(xTA,⎟⎠)[]dx=0;i=1,2,11,2,,2,⋅⋅⋅N(7.30)∫AxA∂TxA(4)式代入(7.30)式得:3⎛−6542665654254242⎞2.346101.6742.3462.346101.674×101.674(β−1exp)⎜⎟0.840.0.8484⎝T+155.21155.255.2x⎠0Adx=0∫0(1−x1)(−β2T)(+155.2155155.2.2x)2AA0A⎛−654265654242⎞(1.674β−1exp)⎜⎟⎝T+155.21155.255.2x⎠0A令fx(A)=2(5)(5)(1−xA1)(−βT0)(+155.2155155.2.2xA)上式变为:0.840.0.848432.3462.34610×10∫0fx(Adx)A=00.840.0.8484即∫fx(Adx)A=0(6)(6(6))0khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
符合(6)式的T0即为所求的最佳第一段入口温度.上面有关式子中的β,可用例7.3中((C)(C)式求得:3444(3.993.9913.99110110×10+1.28310×xA)(1.59410×+1.28310×xA)β=4441.2831011.2831.283101×101(−xA(5.90910)×−1.28310×xA)KpKp=0.0165exp(4408/)0.0160.0165exp(4408/)5exp(4408/)T例7.3中(A)式将(1)式代入例7.3(A7.3(A)7.3(A)7.3(A))式得:Kp=0.0165exp[4408/(TKp=0.0165expKp=0.0165exp[4408/(T[4408/(T0+155.2XA)]))]](7)((7)7)将((7)7)式代入例7.3中(C)((C)(C)式得:3444(3.993.9913.99110110×10+1.28310×xA)(1.59410×+1.28310×xA)β=444⎛440844440808⎞khdaw.com1.2831011.2831.283101×101(−xA(5.90910)×−1.28310×xA)×0.165exp⎜⎟⎝T+155.21155.255.2x⎠0A(0.394+0.1267xA)(0.15750.12760.1570.15750.127650.1276+xA)=478.3(8)⎛440844440808⎞(1−xA0.58330.12670.580.58330.1267)(330.1267−xA)exp⎜⎟⎝T+155.21155.255.2x⎠0A用(8)式计算β,(5)式计算课后答案网f(XA),通过试差便可求得符合(6)式的T0,设T0=670K,得到不同XA值的β和f(XA)值如下表:XAβf(XA)www.hackshp.cn07.068×10-3-0.03886--0.038860.038860.20.02357-0.02893--0.028930.028930.40.06812-0.02893--0.028930.028930.60.1970-0.02358--0.023580.023580.70.35330.023920.80.70240.059480.840.978447.29作f(XA)~XA图,过f(XA)=0处划一水平线,以此线为界,线下的阴影面积代表:xop∫0fx(Adx)A其值为负线以上的阴影面积代表:0.840.0.8484∫fx(Adx)dxA其值为正xop两块阴影面积几乎相等,说明0.840.0.8484∫0fx(Adx)A=0符合(6)式,因此所设T0=670K(397℃)即为所求.<讨论>与例7.3的计算结果相比较.例7.3—在规定的一段入口温度(663K)和最终转化率(91.8%)下,各段温度和转化率的最佳分配是:一段出口转化率为85%,二段入口温度为663K.但这样的一段入口温度(633K)并非最佳,因它不能保证第一段符合最佳化条件,(7.30)式.若要使第一段符合(7.30)式,则一段入口khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
温度就不是633K.本题---在规定的一段出口转化率(84%)下,一段出口温度的最佳值是670K,这样的分配符合(7.30)式.第二段的入口温度可用最佳化条件(7.30)式,若要第二段也符合(7.30)式,则最终转化率就不是91.8%.7.12图7.C和图7.D分别为两个化学反应的T-X图,图中AB为平衡曲线,NP为最佳温度曲线,AM为等温线,GD为绝热线,GK为非绝热变温操作线,HB为等转化率线.khdaw.com(1)试比较这两个图的差异,并说明造成这些差异的根本原因.(2)采用固定床反应器进行图7.C所示反应,分别按MA,GD和GK操作线操作,要求最终转化率达到50%,试比较这三种操作所需催化剂量的大小,说明原课后答案网因.(3)对图7.D所示的反应,重复(2)的比较.(4)对于(2)和(3)的比较结果,你认为是普遍规律呢还是个别情况.www.hackshp.cn解:(1):图7.C图7.DA.T升高,平衡转化率减小T升高,平衡转化率增大B.有最佳温度曲线无最佳温度曲线C.绝热操作线斜率为正绝热操作线斜率为负D.非绝热变温操作线有热点非绝热变温操作线有”冷点”造成以上差异的根本原因是:图7.C是可逆放热反应的X-T关系,而图7.D是可逆吸热反应的X-T关系.(2)因是可逆放热反应,操作线接近TOP线的程度越大,催化剂用量越小,从图7.C看,在转化率从0到50%这一范围内,MA线最接近TOP曲线,所以等温操作所需催化剂最少,绝热操作(GD线)居中,非绝热变温操作(GK线)催化剂用量最大.(3)对图7.D,7.D7.D,,是吸热反应,反应温度高则催化剂用量小,从图7.7.DD看,G,GKK线的操作温度最高,催化剂用最最小,绝热操作居中,等温操作温度最低,因而催化剂用量最大.(4)等温操作线的位置(即等温操作所维持的温度)对(2),(3)(2)(2),(3),(3)的比较结果有很大影响,例如图7.C的等温操作线MA左移(即降低等温操作的操作温度),它与TOOPP曲线的接近程度就会发生变化,与GDGD线和DDKK线相比,在转化率0到50%范围内,M,MAA线不一定最接近TOOPP线,因而不一定是等温操作所需催化剂用量最小.对图7.D,如果等温操作线MMAA右移,即提高等温操作的温度,可使MA,GDMAMA,GD,GD和GK各线的操作温度的高低顺序发生变化.另外,如果最终转化率不是50%,例如是70%,对图7.C,在反应后期(即转化率接近70%的部分)最接近TOP线的是GGDD线,绝热操khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
作的催化剂用量最小(反应后期接近TOOPP线的程度对催化剂用量大小起关键作用.所以说,(2),(3),(2),(2),(3),(3)比较结果,并非普遍规律.7.13在一列管式固定床反应器中进行邻二甲苯氧化制苯酐反应,管内充填高及直径均为5mm的园柱形五氧化二钒催化剂,壳方以熔盐作冷却剂,熔盐温度为370℃,该反应的动力学方程为:0r=0.04170.0410.04177ppexp(13636/)−Tkmolkgh/⋅sAB0p式中PA为邻二甲苯的分压PPa,a,B为O2的初始分压PPa,a,反应热效应△HHr=-1285kHr=-1285kJ/mol,r=-1285kJ/mol,J/mol,反应管内径为25mm,25mm,25mm,原料气以9200kg/m9200kg/m9200kg/m2h的流速进入床层,其中邻二甲苯为0.9%,空气为99.1%(mol),99.1%(99.1%(mol),mol),混合气平均分子量子力为29.45,平均热容为1.072kJ/kgK,1.072k1.072kJ/kgK,J/kgK,床层入口温度为370℃,床层堆密度为1300kg/m1300kg/m1300kg/m3,床层操作压力为0.1013Mpa(0.1013Mpa(0.1013Mpa(绝对),总传热系数为69.8w69.8w/m69.8w/m69.8w/m2K,试按拟均相一维活塞流模型计算床层轴向温度khdaw.com分布,并求最终转化率为73.5%时的床层高.计算时可忽略副反应的影响.解:以A表示邻二甲苯,对邻二甲苯作物料衡算得:−dF=−ρrAdlAbs式中rS为邻二甲苯的反应速率,因邻二甲苯含量很小,系统系统总摩尔数可看作成恒定不变,Ft是常数且等于FtFt0,Ft0,0,故有:−dFdy=ρrAdlt0课后答案网AbsFdpt0A因y=p//p,则有:−=ρrAAtbspAdlwww.hackshp.cnt1FMFMdpdpt0mA即−=ρrMbsmpAdltFMt0m而=GAdpAMmρbMmρb0∴−=prts=pt×0.040170.0400.0401717ppAEexp(−13636/T1)()dlGG已知数据:325M=29.429.455ρ=1300kgmG/=9200kgm/⋅hp=1.01310×Pambt054p=0.9910.211.013100.9910.9910.211.01310×0.211.01310××=2.10810×PaE将已知数据代入(1)式得:dpA29.4529.429.45130051300×130054−=×1.013101.0131.01310×10×0.04017pA×2.10810exp×(−1363/T)dl9200929200008=3.5703.57010×10pAexp(−13636/TPam)/()2式(2)便是物料衡算方程,式中PA的单位是PPa.a.热量衡算方程:按(7.10)式khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
dT4UGCp=ηρ0bsr(−∆Hr−)(T−Tc)dldtdTρb(−∆Hr)4U若η0=1,1,则有:=rs−(T−Tc)3()dlGCdGCpttpt已知数据:TC=643K,==643K,=643K,643K,dt=0.025m,dt=0.025m,ddt=0.025m,t=0.025m,△Hr=-1285kJ/mol=-1.285Hr=-1285kHr=-1285kJ/mol=-1.285J/mol=-1.285×106kJ/mol,kkJ/mol,J/mol,C2﹒K=2.513K=2.513×102kJ/mkJ/m2﹒h﹒K.K.代入((3)3)式有:pt=1.072k=1.072kJ/kg==1.072kJ/kg1.072kJ/kgJ/kg﹒KU=69.8w/mKU=69.8w/KU=69.8w/mm6dT13001.285101300113001.28510×.28510×4=×0.040172.108100.0400.040172.10810172.10810××pAexp(−13636/T)dl92001.0719200192001.071×.071242.5131042.5142.51310×310×−(T−643643)0.02592001.0710.0250.02592001.071×92001.071×3khdaw.com=1.436101.4361.43610×10pAexp(−13636/T−4.080)T−643(Km/4)()(4)式中PA的单位是Pa,式(2),(4)((2)(2),(4)2),(4),(4)是一常微分方程组,可采用数值解法,初值条件为:l=0;l=0;T=643K;T=T=643K;643K;PA=yA0AA00PtPt=0.009PtPt=0.009=0.009×1.013×105=911.7Pa=91=911.7Pa1.7Pa计算结果如下:邻二甲苯转化率邻二甲苯分压PA床层温度床层高度lxA(Pa)(Pa)(K)(K)(m)(m)课后答案网(%)911.764300827.5663.60.39.233700.9www.hackshp.cn678.90.623.12556.96880.938.91430.3686.11.252.28344.9674.91.562.17295.4663.41.868.6241.66572.073.57.14试分析下列说法是否正确:(1)在一绝热反应器中进行无热效应的零级反应,其转化率与反应器长度的关系是线性的.(2)在一绝热反应器中仅当进行一级反应时,其反应温度与转化率的关系才呈线性.(3)(3)(3)(3)((3)3)多段绝热反应器最优化的结果是各段的催化剂相等.解::(1):(1)从(7.9)式得:dx/dZ=ρMyr/GwAbA0AA0绝热条件下的无热效应反应,床层各处等温,而且由于是零级反应,rA与CA无关,所以对于不同的Z,rA为常数,若忽略内,外扩散的影响,η0=1,则dXddXXA/dZ=//d/dZ=dZ=Z=常数,即XA与Z呈线性关系.若系统存在扩散影响,则还需考虑CA对η0的影响问题.(2)不对,对绝热反应,有如下热量衡算式:dTGCpt=ηρ0bAr(−∆Hr7.21)()dZ固定床反应器的物料衡算式为:khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
GwdxA0A=ηρr(7.97.9)0bAMdZA两式相除得:dTwA0(−∆Hr)=(7.227.7.2222)dxMCAAptwA0(−∆H)T−T0=(xA−xA0)(7.2377.7.23.2323)MC积分之Apt若将(-(-△HHr)Hr)视为常数则(7.23)式表明T与XA呈线性关系,从上面推导过程可以看出(7.23)式不受一级反应的限制,非一级反应一样可以使用.(3)((3)3)无此结论.khdaw.com7.15常压下用直径为6mm的球形氧化铝为催化剂进行乙腈合成反应,操作条件与习题7.10同,此时内扩散影响不能忽略,而外扩散影响可不计,氧化铝的物理性质如下:孔容0.45cm3/g,//g,g,颗粒密度1.1g/1.1g/cm1.1g/cm1.1g/cm3,比表面积180m2/g,曲节因子等于3.2.试计算第一段的催化剂用量.解:r’A----------------反应速率,kmol/m,k,kmol/mmol/m3粒子﹒hρb------------颗粒密度,kg/m,kg/m3粒子r’43A=ρb×3.08×10exp(-7960/T)(1-Xexp(-7960/exp(-7960/T)(1-XT)(1-XA)kmol/hmkmol/hkmol/hmm粒子,而r’A=kpC=k=kpCpCA=kpC=k=kpC课后答案网pCA0(1-(1-X(1-XXA)T0/T,//T,/T,kp是以颗粒体积计的反应速率常数,因此,4ρp(1−xA×)33.083.0810exp.0810exp×10exp(−7960/T)k=pwww.hackshp.cnCA0(1−xTTA0)/4ρp(1−xA×)33.083.0810exp.0810exp×10exp(−7960/T)=pTA0000(1−xA)RTT0RT4−1=ρp×3.0810exp3.0813.0810exp×0exp(−7960/Th)pA031ρ=1100kgM/y=p=101325110132501325PapA0t12.21112.21+2.21+33R=8.314108.3148.31410×10Pam⋅/kmolK⋅代入数据得:38.318.3148.31410410×104−1kp=1100T×3.0810exp3.3.0810exp0810exp×(−7960/Ts)1×10132510132101325512.21112.21+2.21+化简之7−13−1kp=1.161.1671.16710710×10Texp(−7960/Th)=3.24210×Texp(−7960/Ts)题给:Vg=0.45=0.45cmcmccmm3/g//ggSg=180m==180m180m2/g=180//g=180/g=180×104cm2/g//gg平均孔径<=2V<=2Vra>=2V4==55×10--77g/Sg=2==22×0.45/0.45/180180×10cmccmm常压下气体分子运动的平均自由程近似等于10-5khdaw.comcmcm,cm,,因此,λ/2=10/2=/2=1010-5/(/(2/(22若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
×5×10-7)=)=10,)=10,10,可见以努森扩散为主,乙炔分子量为26,故:−7−42D=9700510970059700510××10T/26=9.51110×Tcm/skε=Vρ=0.4510.451.10.495×.10.495=τ=3.2pgpmεp0.49500.495.495−4−42De=D=×9.511109.5119.51110×10T=1.47110×Tcm/skτm3.23.2Rk0.33.242100.33.0.33.2421024210×3Texp(−3980/393980/80/T)p1/41/1/41/44φ===469.5Texp(−3980/T)−41/41/1/443De31.471101.41.471107110×T由7.10题解知,第一段绝热热线方程是T=770.4+171.5xT=T=770.4+171.5x770.4+171.5xA1/41/4φ=469.5770.4469.5469.5770.4(770.4)exp−3980/770.4()=14.11进口处khdaw.com出口处φ=469.5770.4171.50.3067exp469.5770.4171.469.5770.4171.50.3067exp(+50.3067exp×)⎡⎣−3980/770.4171.503980/770.4171.50.3067(+×.3067)⎤⎦=19.96可见,第一段床层各处内扩散影响严重,因此有η0=1/φ第一段催化剂用量:0.30670.3060.3067710.30671w=Fdx=Fdx1A0∫AA0∫A0ηr010Ar课后答案网Aφ1/1/41/440.30670.3060.30677469.546469.59.5Texp(−3980/T)=FdxA0∫03.0810exp3.0813.0810exp×0exp4(−7960/T1−)(xA)www.hackshp.cnA1/41/40.30670.3060.306770.01520.0150.01522Texp3980/(T)=dx∫0(1−x)AA1/41/40.01520.0150.01522Texp3980/(T)0.300.0.303067令fx(A)=则w1=FA0∫fx(Adx)A(1−x)0A计算得到XA与f(Xf(XA)的一系列数值如下:XA00.050.100.150.200.250.300.3067T(K)T(T(K)K)770.4779787.6796804.7813.3821.9823F(XF(XA)h﹒14.0313.9914.0114.1014.2314.4414.7414.79kg/kmolkkg/kmolg/kmol图解积分求得:0.30670.3060.30677∫0fx(Adx)A=4.311⋅hkgkmol/(7.10)题已算出FA0=22.09==22.09=22.09kmol/h,22.09kmkmol/h,ol/h,因此有:w1=22.09×4.314.311=95.234.311=95.234.311=95.23Kg7.16在三段绝热式固定床反应器中进行n级不可逆反应,各段的催化剂量相同,且控制进入各段的反应物料温度相等.若n>0,n>0,试问(1)(1)(1)(1)((1)1)哪一段的净转化率最大?哪一段最小?khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
(2)(2)(2)(2)若段间采用冷激方法进行降温,试问第一段与第二段之间和第二段与第三段之间哪处需加入的冷激剂量多?为什么?(3)(3)(3)(3)((3)3)若n<0,nn<0,n<0,对问题(1),(2)(1)(1),(2),(2)是否还能作出肯定性的回答?为什么?解:(1):(1)虽然各段进口温度相等,在催化剂量相同的情况下,净转化率也按1至3段的顺序递减,第一段最大,第二段次之,第三段最小.(2)因第一段反应量大于第二段反应量,所以1-2段间要取出的热量比2-2-33段间要取出的热量大,因而1-2段间需要的冷激量也大于2-32-2-33段间需要的冷激剂量.((3)3)若n<0,nn<0,n<0,则反应速率按1至3段的顺序递增,第一段净转化率最小,第三段最大.1-2段间的冷激剂量小于2-32-2-33段间的冷激剂量.khdaw.com7.17在内径为5.1c5.1cmm的固定床反应器中常压下进行萘氧化反应:采用直径为0.318cm的球形钒催化剂,该反应可按拟一级反应处理,以床层体积为基准的反13−1k=5.7415.5.7410exp7410exp×0exp(−19000/Ts)应速率常数为:反应热效应△Hr=-1796kJ/mHr=-1796kHr=-1796kJ/mJ/m2K,萘在钒催化剂内的有效扩散系数等于1.2×10-3cmccmm2/s,//s,/s,若床层的热点温度为641K,试计算热点处气相中萘的浓度.假定外扩散的影响可不考虑,副反应可忽略课后答案网.解:球形粒子Rkpφ=3www.hackshp.cnDe1313135.5.7415.74107410×05.7410×kp=k/1(−ε=)exp(−19000/119000/9000/T=)exp(−19000/T)1−ε10.4110.4−0.413−1=9.56610exp9.5669.56610exp×10exp(−19000/Ts)1311330.3189.566100.3180.3189.566109.56610×7φ=exp(−9500/959500/00/T=1.49610exp)×(−9500/T)−323×1.2101.21.210×10热点处Tmax=641K==641K641K7φ=1.49610exp(9500/641)5.476(3)1.4961.49610exp(9500/641)5.476(3)×10exp(9500/641)5.476(3)−=>11∴=η==0.1820.0.182618266φ5.47655.476.476外扩散影响可忽略,因此η0=η=0.1923热量衡算式:dT4UGCpt=η(−RA)(−∆Hr−)(T−Tc)dZdt式中(-RA)是以床层体积为基准的反应速率.热点处dT/dZ=0,因此有:4Uη0(−RA)(−∆Hr=)(Tmaxmamaxx−Tc)dtkhdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
所以,热点处的反应速率为:4UTmaxmax−Tc41418064180641630×80641630(41630−)3−(RA=)=−2=0.47350.4730.47355molm/⋅sdtη0(−∆Hr)5.110××0.18267901000(×)−43=4.735104.7354.73510×10kmolm/⋅s−而(RA=)kCA则CA=−(RA/)k1313−1热点处k=5.7410exp5.7415.7410exp×0exp(−19000/641)=7.689s因此,热点处CA的值为:−4(−RA)4.734.7354.73510510×10−33C===6.159106.1596.15910×10kmolm/Ak7.68977.689.689khdaw.com7.18习题7.17中的萘催化氧化反应器的原料气为萘与空气的混合气,其平均定压热容为1.3kJ/KgK,若进入床层的原料气温度与熔盐温度相等.催化剂的最高耐热温度为700K,试问:(1)(1)允许最高的熔盐温度是多少?(2)(2)(2)(2)((2)2)如选定熔盐温度为640K,那么床层进口气体中萘的最高允许浓度是多少?解:(1)因是一级反应,且进床层原料气温度与冷却介质温度相等,故可用课后答案网(7.62)式:RT14RT4R2Rmaxmax≤[1[[11−1−c]可改写为1−T=−1T()1cmaxmaxEwww.hackshp.cn2EEE已知E/R=19000Tmax=700K,代入(1)式得:4T2C1−=−1×7001900019000解得:Tc=674K所以最高熔盐温度为674K(2)最大时料浓度由(7.63)式求得:λNN≤+1C+C(7.6377.63.63)T−TeemaxmaxC式中N=4/UρCdkCpttc(−∆Hwr)A0λ==−(∆HCr)A0/ρCptMCApt已知数据:TC=640K==640K640KTmax=700KTmTmax=700Kax=700KU=180w/mUU=180w/m=180w/m2Kρ=PM/RT=101325=PM/R=PM/RT=101325T=101325×29/(8.31429/(8.31429/(8.314×103×640)=0.5522640)=0.5522640)=0.5522Kg/mKg/m3Cpt=1.3==1.3=1.3kJ/KgK1.3kJ/kJ/KgKKgKdt=5.1×10-2--22mKC是按冷却介质温度计算的反应速率常数,因此KC=5.74==5.745.74×1013eexp(-19000/exp(-19000/640)=7.341exp(-19000/640)=7.341sxp(-19000/640)=7.341640)=7.341s-1khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
4180414180×80∴N==2.67922.679.679C3−20.55220.3100.5520.55220.31020.310×××5.110××7.341将有关数据代入(7.63)式:λ2.6792.679=+1+70064070064700640−0ee解得:λ=178.9=178.9KKλρCpt178.178.9178.90.5522130090.55221300×0.55221300×3∴C===0.071510.0710.0715151molm/A03(−∆Hr)17961017961179610×033=7.15107.1517.1510×0kmolm/7.18在充填10m3催化剂的绝热固定床反应器中进行甲苯氢解反应以生产苯:CHCH+H→CH+CHkhdaw.com6532664原料气的摩尔组成为3.85%C6H6,3.18%C6H5CH4,69.97%H2;温度为863K,操作压力为6.08M6.08Mpa;6.08Mpa;6.08Mpa;若采用空速为1000m3(STP)/hm(STP)(STP)/hm/hm3催化剂,试计算反应器出口的气全组成.该反应的速率方程如下:30.5r=5.7310exp(17800/)5.7315.7310exp(17800/)×0exp(17800/)−TCCTTH式中CT和CH分别为甲苯和氢的浓度,kmol/m,k,kmol/mmol/m3,甲苯转化速率rT的单位为kmol/mkkmol/mmol/m3s,反应热效应课后答案网=-49974==-49974=-49974-49974J/mol,J/mol,J/mJ/mol,ol,为简化计,反应气体可按理想气体处理,平均定压热容为常数,等于4.23J/molK.4.23J/4.23J/molK.molK.解:p=6.08www.hackshp.cnMPa=R8.314108.8.3141031410×3Pam⋅3/kmolK⋅t6pT00.03186.08100.0310.03186.081086.0810××3C===0.026950.0260.0269595kmolm/T03RT8.314108.3148.31410×10×86306pH00.69976.08100.6990.69976.081076.0810××3C===0.59290.5920.59299kmolm/H03RT8.314108.3148.31410×10×8630C=C(1−xT)0=0.026958630.0260.0269586395863×(1−x=)23.2523.23.25251−xTTT0TTTTTTT1C=(C−Cx)0=(0.59290.026950.5920.59290.0269590.02695−x)0=(511.723.25−x)HH0T0TTTTTT60.0.50.0.55rT=5.7310exp5.7315.7310exp×0exp(−17800/TCCT)H61−x0.50.5T=5.7310exp5.7315.7310exp×0exp(−17800/T×23.25)1.51.5(511.723.25−xT)T81−x0.50.53T=1.332101.3321.33210×101.51.1.51.55(511.723.25−xT)exp−17800/(Tkmolm)/⋅sTkhdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
(∆Hry)T04949974499740.03189740.0318×0.0318又T=T+λx=863+x=863+x=886337.576337.57+x0TTTTC42.34242.3.3pt总摩尔流量F=100010/22.4446.410001100010/22.4446.4×0/22.4446.4=kmolh/=0.124kmols/t−3所以有:F=yF=0.03180.1240.030.03180.124180.124×=3.94310×kmols/T0T0txT1VrxT1V=Fdx∴=dx()1rT0∫0rTF∫0rTTT0TVr103==2536252253653636m⋅skmol/−3F3.943103.9433.94310×10T01.51.5xT1xTTexp17800/exp17exp17800/(800/T)3∫0dxT=∫080.50.5dxTm⋅skmol/()2khdaw.comrT1.1.3321.332101332101×101(−xT511.723.25)(−xT)()2式代入(1)式得:1.51.1.51.55xTTexp17800/exp17exp17800/(800/T)dx=253625253636∫080.50.5T1.3321011.3321.332101×101(−xT511.723.25)(−xT)1.5课后答案网Texp17800/exp17exp17800/(800/T)令fx(T)=80.0.50.551.3321011.3321.332101×101(−xT511.723.25)(−xT)xT则有:∫0www.hackshp.cnfx(Tdx)dxT=253622536536计算得到不同xT下的f(xf(xT)值如下表:xT00.10.050.20.250.30T863866.8868.6870.5872.4874.3F(xF(xT)763278227965812883298575从图解积分得知:xT∫0fx(Tdx)dxT=253625253636所以,反应器出口甲苯转化率为33%,反应器出口气体组成计算如下:(以100mo100m100mool原料气为基准)床层出口组分床层进口摩尔数床层出口摩尔数mol%mol%甲苯3.183.18(1-0.33)=2.1313.18(3.18(1-0.33)=2.1311-0.33)=2.1312.131%H269.9769.97-3.18×0.33=0.33=68.9268.9268.92%苯3.853.85+3.183.85+3.85+3.183.18×0.33=0.33=4.8994.8994.899%甲烷2323+3.1823+23+3.183.18×0.33=0.33=24.0524.0524.05%∑100100100%7.20充填新鲜催化剂的绝热床反应器当进口原料的温度控制为460℃时,出口物料温度为437℃,转化率符合要求;操作数月后,由于催化剂的活性下降,为了khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
保持所要求的转化率,将原料进口温度提高到470℃,出口物料温度相应升至448℃;若反应的活化能为83.7kJ/mol,83.7k83.7kJ/mol,J/mol,试估计催化剂活性下降的百分率.xAf1v=FdxrA0∫A0kfx(A)解:式中f(xf(xA)只是与动力学方程式中的浓度项有关,而与催化剂活性无关,在催化剂活性下降后,,f(xf(xf(xA)是不变的,但k值减小了(对相同温度而言),为了在Vr不变的情况下保持要求达到的转化率,就需要提高操作温度,在较高的操作温度下,活性必低后的催化剂仍能维持原来的k值,从而保持所要求的转化率.阿累尼乌斯方程式lnk=lnA-E/RT,lnk=llnk=lnA-E/RT,nA-E/RT,以下标1代表催化剂活性好时,下标2代表活性下降后,假定催化剂失活其活化能不发生改变.活性好时:lnklnk1=lnA=l=lnAnA1-E/RT--E/RTE/RT1活性下降后:lnklnk2=lnA=l=lnAnA2-E/RT--E/RTE/RT2床层处处都应存在如下关系khdaw.com:lnk:l:lnknk1=lnk=l=lnknk2,则有:EElnllnnA−=lnA−12RTRT12AE⎛11⎞lnllnn1=⎜−⎟ARTT也可写成2⎝12⎠由△T=课后答案网λ△xA关系可知,对于某一△xA值,活性降低前与降低后的△T相等的,取△T的不同数值计算A1/A2,结果如下:在△T=-5KT=T=-5K-5K处,A1www.hackshp.cn8383700700⎛11⎞ln=⎜−⎟=0.18740.180.187474A8.31427346058.3148.3142734605⎝2734605+−2734705+−⎠2AA/=1.2061.201.206612在△T=-10KT=T=-10K-10K处,A18383700700⎛11⎞ln=⎜−⎟=0.18990.180.189999A8.314273460108.3148.31427346010⎝27346010+−27347010+−⎠2AA/=1.2091.201.209912床层出口处A18383700700⎛11⎞ln=⎜−⎟=0.21630.210.216363A8.3142734608.3148.314273460⎝273460+273470+⎠2AA/=1.2421.241.242212以上计算结果表明,在床层的不同高度(即不同的xA处),A1/A),A),A1/A21/A2的值并不相等,即催化剂活性下降的百分数不相等,但差别不大,床层进出口处活性下降的百分数为:A−A1.24211.2421.2421−112×100%=×10100%19.42%0%19.42%=A1.241.1.242412A→P+Q7.21在实验室中用外循环式无梯度反应器研究二级气相反应khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
原料为纯A;设kCkkCCA0AA00τ==1.1.试计算A的转化率,当:(1)(1)(1)(1)((1)1)循环比为5;(2)((2)(2)(2)2)(2)((2)2)循环比为30;(3)((3)(3)(3)3)(3)((3)3)按全混流模型处理;(4)((4)(4)(4)4)(4)((4)4)比较上列各问题的计算结果并讨论之.解:是二级等摩尔反应,因此有:22−RA=kCA0(1−xA)循环反应器反应体积的计算式:xAf1Vr=(1−ψQC)0A0∫ψxAfdxA(4.244.44.24.2424)1+ψ(−RA)(4.24)式可写为:xAf1khdaw.comkCA0τ=(1+ψ∫ψ)ψxAf2dxA1+ψ(1−xA)其中τ=Vr/Q//QQ0,把kCkkCCA0AA00τ=1代入得:xAf11=(1+ψ∫ψ)xAf2dxA1+ψ(1−xA)由上式解得:课后答案网21+ψ(1+ψ)−=11−x1+ψψ−xAfwww.hackshp.cnAf(1)(1)当ψ=5时,215115+5(151+5)−=11−x11551155+−55xAfAf2化简得:5x−17x+=60AfAf解得:x=3(不合理舍去)x=0.400.4.4Af1Af2因此,A的转化率为40%(2)当ψ=30时,21301+30(130131301+300)−=11−x13030130313030+−0xAfAf2化简得:30x−929922x+310=AfAf解得:x=0.38530.3850.38533x=2.68(不合理舍去)Af1Af2得A的转化率为38.53%(3)全混流:khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
QC0(A0−CA)QCx0A0AfQCx0A0AfV===r2−R−RkC01−xAAA0(Af)VQ/=τr0xAf∴kCτ=A02(1−xAf)把kCA0AA00τ=1代入上式得:xAf1=2(1−xAf)2x−33x+=10则有:khdaw.comAfAfx=2.618(2.618(不合理舍去)x=0.382解得:Af1Af2所以,A的转化率为38.2%(4)当循环比为30时,计算得到的转化率与全混流的计算结果很相近,可见大循环比的循环反应器可达到全混流操作.7.22列管式催化氧化反应器所用的催化剂管的内径为课后答案网34mm,34mm,34mm,管内充填钒钼催化剂,床层高度1.6m,含量为1.2%(1.2%(mol)C1.2%(1.2%(mol)Cmol)C6H6的苯空乞混合气以0.4m/s0.4m/s0.4m/s的速度(按空床计算)送入催化剂床,温度为673K;管外用673K的恒温盐浴冷却;床层与熔盐间的传热系数等于www.hackshp.cn100w/m100w/m100w/m2K;;K;;操作压力为0.213MPa;0.213MPa;0.213MPa;有关苯氧化反应的模型及动力学数据见习题4.16.试计算床层出口的气体组成及顺丁烯二酸酐的收率.催化剂床层的堆密度为1500kg/m1500kg/m1500kg/m3,混合气的热容可近似按空气计算.解:用B代表苯,M代表顺酐,C代表CO和COCCOO2等.根据习题(4.16)的题给条件:r1−kpk1B,1=A1eexpxp(−E1/RT=0.2171exp)(−70800/8.314T)=0.2171exp0.2170.2171exp1exp(−8515.7/TkmolkghPa)/⋅⋅8r22−kp2M,k2=1.37210exp1.371.37210exp210exp×(−193000/8.314T)8=1.37210exp1.3721.37210exp×10exp(−23213.8/TkmolkghPa)/⋅⋅r−kpk,=470.8exp470.470.8exp8exp(−124800/8.314T)33B3=470.8exp470.8470.8expexp(−15010.8/TkmolkghPa)/⋅⋅上面各式中r1,r2,r3均以每小时,每Kg催化剂转化的苯的kkmolkmol数来表示,PB和PM的单位用Pa;PPa;a;以rM表示对每小时,每KKgg催化剂来说,转化为顺酐的苯的kmokmol数,rC表示对每小时,每Kg催化剂来说,转化CCOO和COCCOOkhdaw.com2的苯的kmkmolkmolol数,则有:若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
r=r−rr,=r+rM12C23又YM表示顺酐的收率,YC表示CO和COCCOO2的收率.(一)物料衡算方程:对顺酐作物料衡算rρdV=FdY,rρAdZ=FdYMbrB0MMbB0MdY111M=ρr=ρr=ρr()1bMbMbMdZFB0/AQC0B0uC0B0A已知5p=0.2030.0.203203MPa=2.0310×PaT=673Ky=0.012t0B033=R8.314108.3148.31410×10Pam⋅/kmolK⋅5pB0ypB0t0.0122.03100.0120.0122.0310×2.0310×−43∴C====4.354104.3544.35410×10kmolm/khdaw.comB03RTRT8.314108.3148.31410×10×673003u=0.4/ms=1440/11440/440/mhρ=1500kgm/0b代入(1)式得:dY150015150000M=r=2392.2392.44r()2−4MMdZ课后答案网14404.345101440414404.34510×.34510×同理,对CO,COCOCO,CO,CO2作物料衡算得:rρdV=FdYCbrB0CdY1C∴www.hackshp.cn=ρbCrdZuC0B0dYC代入数据得:=2392.232392.492.44rC()3dZ(1),(2),(3)式中,rM,rC的单位用kmol/kgh,Zkmol/kkmol/kgh,Zgh,Z的单位用m.原料气中苯的含量很小,可认为反应过程中总摩尔数不变,因此,5pB=pB0(1−YC−YM=yp)B0t1−YC(−YM=0.0.010.0122.031010122.0310122.03101×)×(−YC−YM)=246312246314631(−YC−YMPa)5p=pY=ypY=0.0122.03100.0120.0122.0310×2.0310×Y=2436YPaMB0MB0tMMMrM=r1−r2=2436k1(1−YC−YM−243622436436)kY2Mkmolkgh/⋅()4rC=r2+r3=2463kY2M+246322463463k3(1−YC−YMkmolkgh)/⋅()5⎧k1=0.2171exp0.2170.2171exp1exp(−8515.7/TkmolkghP)/⋅⋅⎪⎪8⎨k2=1.37210exp1.3721.37210exp×10exp(−23213.8/TkmolkghP)/⋅⋅()6⎪⎪⎩k3=470.8exp470.8470.8expexp(−15010.8/TkmolkghP)/⋅⋅(二)热量衡算方程khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
dT4UGCpt=ρbr1(−∆Hr1+)ρbr2−∆H(r2+ρbr3)−∆Hr3−((T−)TC)()7dZdt混合气体平均分子量:10011001.1001.2−.221001.2−M=×0.21320.2130.2132×2+×0.79280.0127829.43×+×=m100110000100又pQt0=FRTt00Mpumt0=(MFmt0RT)0QMp0mt=(GART)0Q0Mp5AmtuMp00.429.432.03100.4290.429.432.0310×.432.0310××22mt∴G===kgm/⋅=s1538kgm/⋅s3RTRT8.314108.3148.31410×10×67300222C=1.059kJkgK/⋅T=673KU=100/wm⋅K=3.610×kJhm/⋅⋅Kkhdaw.comptCd=34mm=0.0340.00.03434mt反应1,2,3的热效应分别为:(-△Hr)HHr)Hr)1=1850=1850kJ/molkJ/kJ/molmol(-△Hr)HHr)Hr)2=1340=1340kJ/molkJ/kJ/molmol(-△Hr)HHr)Hr)3=3169kJ/kJ/molkJ/kJ/molmol将有关数据代入(7)式:课后答案网dT3315381153815381.059×1.059.059=150018501000(×r1+1500134010)1500134010(×r2+1500316911500316910)×0r3(dZ243.61043.6143.610××0−www.hackshp.cn(T−673673)0.03400.034.034化简得dT666=1.071.0731.07310310×10r1+1.23410×r2+2.91810×r3−26(T−673)8()dZ(8)式中Z的单位用m,r[1],r[2],r[3]m,r[1],rm,r[1],r[2],r[3][2],r[3]的单位用kmol/kgh,kmol/kkmol/kgh,gh,根据题给的条件得:⎧r=24362436(2436(1k(11−Y−Y)kmolkgh/⋅11MC⎪⎨r2=243624243636kY2Mkmolkgh/⋅()9⎪⎩r=2436(12436(2436(1k1−Y−Y)kmolkgh/⋅33MC联立求解(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(8)(9)(2)(3)((2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(8)(9)4)(5)(6)(8)(9)各方程,即可求出YM和YC及T沿床高Z的分布,微分方程的初值条件为:Z=0,T=673K:Z=0,T=:Z=0,T=673K:Z=0,T=673KY673KYM=0YC=0==00(1)((1)(1)(1)1)(1)((1)1)床层出口气体组成:找出Z=1.6mZZ=1.6mZ=1.6m处的YM和YC的值,若以100mol进口气体为基准,则出口气体中苯的mol数为1.2(1.2(1-Y1.2(1-Y1.2(1-YM-YC),)),,生成的顺酐mmolol数为1.2YM,生成CO,COCOCO,CO,CO2的mol数为6×1.2YM,由以上基本数据便可计算出口气体的组成.(2)Z=1.6((2)Z=1.62)Z=1.6处的YM,即为床层出口的顺丁烯二酸酐收率.8.多相反应器8.1纯二氧化碳与氢氧化钠水溶液进行反应,假定液相上方水蒸汽分压可不计,试按双膜模型绘出气相及液相中二氧化碳浓度分布的示意图khdaw.com.若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
解:8.2用1.21.2MM的氨水吸收某生产装置出口气中的二氧化喘,当气流主体中二氧化碳分压为khdaw.com1.013×10-3MpMpaMpaMpaa时,该处的二氧化碳吸收速率为多少?已知:液相中CO2和NHNNHH3的扩散系数均为3.5×10-5cmccmm2/s,//s,/s,二级反应速率常数为38.6×105cm3/mols,//mols,mols,二氧化碳的溶解度系数为1.53×-103Pa,k--101022310molmol/cmmmol/cmol/cm/cmL=0.04cm/s,k==0.04cm/s,k0.04cm/s,kG=3.22×10molmol/cmmmol/cmol/cm/cmsPa,sPa,相界面积aL=2.0cm=2.0cm/cm/cm.解:−33P=1.0131.1.0131001310×10MPa=1.01310×PaAG课后答案网−33C=1.2M=1.21.1.22moll/=1.210×molcm/B−52D=D=3.510×cm/sALBLwww.hackshp.cn53k=38.61038.6138.610×0cm/mols⋅2−1011003H=1.53101.5311.5310×0molcm/⋅PaA23k=0.04cms/,//,,a=2.0cm/cmLL−1011002k=3.22103.2213.2210×0molcm/⋅⋅sPaG按拟一级反应处理,反应速率常数:5−33−1k=kC=38.6138.638.610×100×1.210×=4.63210×s2B35八田数:M=kD/k=4.632104.64.632103210××3.510/0.0410.06×=ALLβ=M=10.06属于快速反应,其增大因子:因此:(−RA=)kG(pAG−pAG*=βkpL)AG*HA亦即:khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
−10103−1011003.3.2213.221022×100(1.01310×−p*)=10.060.04×p*×1.5310×AGAG3p*=5.23×(1.0131011.01310.01310×−p*)AGAG35.231.013105.2315.231.01310×.01310×p*==850850PaAG6.236.6.2323−10(−RA=)βkpLAG*HA=10.060.048501.531010.0610.060.048501.5310×0.048501.5310×××−82=5.233105.2335.23310×10molcm/⋅s8.3气体A与液体B的反应为不可逆反应,对A为一级,对B为零级,已知三种情况下反应速率常数k,液侧传质系数kL,组分A在液相中的扩散系数DAALL以及液相体积与液膜之比α值如下:5kkD×10LALkhdaw.comαs−1cms/2cm/s4000.0011.61.1.66404000.040.0.04041.61.1.664010.040.0.04041.61.1.6640试分别计算这三种情况下的增大因子和有效因子值,并对计算结果进行比较与讨论.课后答案网解:−5kD1AL14001.404001.61001.610×610×M===801www.hackshp.cnk0.0010.00.001.001001L1β=M=801111−4η===3.3.1253.1251012510×101αM4080404080×801−5kD2AL24001.6104001.4001.610×610×M===22k0.040.0.0404L22×(401−+)tah2ttah2ah2c()22390.964(×+)β=×2==2.0732.072.073322×(401tah2401t401tah2−ah2)c+()12390.9641××+M(α−1+)tachM2401(−+)tach2()η==2αM⎡⎣M(α−1tachM)+1⎤⎦4022×⎣⎡×(40140401−1tach)2+()1⎤⎦2390.9642390.2390.964×+964−2==1.295101.2951.29510×10802390.964180239802390.9641(××0.9641+)khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
kD−53AL31111.6111.610×.610×0M===0.10.0.11≪13k0.040.0.0404L3αM400.01400.0400.01×13β===0.28780.2870.287883αM−M+1400.010.011400.400.010.011×010.011−+3311η===0.7190.0.7194719443αM−M+11.3933上述三组数据,随M的变小,β也变小,表示化学反应速率依次变慢,故液相利用率η依次增加.8.4在机械拌釜中于0.891Mpa0.891Mpa0.891Mpa及155℃等温下用空气氧化环已烷.液相进料中环已烷浓度7.74kmol/m7.74k7.74kmol/mmol/m3,氧含量为零.液体与空气的进料量分别为26.76m3//hh和161mkhdaw.com3/h,/h,要求出口的液体中环已烷浓度为6.76kmol/m6.76k6.76kmol/mmol/m3,假定气相及液相均呈全混流,气相阻力可忽略不计,试计算所需的反应体积.已知数据:该反应对氧及环已烷均为一级,操作条件下的反应速率常数k=0.2mk=0.2m3/mols,//mols,mols,氧的溶解度=1.115×10-4--44kmkmol/mkkmol/mmol/mol/m3.液侧传质系数kL=0.416cm./s,=0.416cm./s=0.416cm./s,,比相界面积=6.75cm=6.75cm-1,气含率εG==0.139,0.139,氧在液相中扩散系数DALAALL=2.22==2.222.22×10--44cmccmm2/s.//s./s.解:题给出的反应器出口液体中环已烷浓度值6.76kmol/m6.76k6.76kmol/mmol/m3太小了,即使气体中的氧完全反应课后答案网,也不能使环已烷浓度低到6.76kmol/m6.76k6.76kmol/mmol/m3,为此假定反应器出口环已烷浓度为7.657.65kmol/mkmol/mkkmol/mmol/m3;�3−33P=00.891.891MPaΤ=155CC=7.7477.74.74kmolm/=7.7410×molcm/www.hackshp.cnB03333C=0molm/Q=26.726.26.77m/h=7.43310×cm/sA0L3333Q=161m/hC=7.6577.65.65kmolm/=7.6510×molcm/gB3k=0.416cms/=k0.2m/mols⋅L−43−73氧的溶解度=1.11511.1151.1151×10kmolm/=1.115101.11.115101510×molcm/-1−42比相界面积a=6.75cm气含率ε=0.139D=2.2210×cm/sGAL由于环已烷大量过剩,按拟一级反应处理:3−4kCDBAL0.210××7.652.2210××M===1.40011.4001.40011k0.41600.416.416L1k0.4160.410.4166Lα====277.62277.677.6−4aδaD6.752.22106.7526.752.2210×.2210×LAL由(8.15)式khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
M(α−1+)tachM1.421.4277.61(77.61−+0.8854)β=M=1.4×=1.51.58080M(α−1tachM)+11.4277.611.4271.4277.61(7.61−×0.88541)+−43−73C=1.1151.1.1151011510×10kmolm/=1.11510×molcm/AiQ30g161101161106110×F===7187.57187.7187.55molh/=1.9965mols/22.422.4222.42.40N:F=0.79F=1.5773mols/2g00O:F=0.21F=0.4193mols/2A代入(8.31)-(8.33)((8.31)-(8.33)8.31)-(8.33)式⎛0.2100.0.21.2121⎞−71.57731.5771.57733⎜−fALr⎟=0.4166.75××Vr×1.581.11510(×−CALr)khdaw.com⎝0.790.0.7979⎠−730.4166.750.4160.4166.75×6.75×Vr×1.581.11510(×−CALr)=7.43310×(CALr−0+)5−3Vr(10.13921010.1310.139210−9210×)×7.6510×CALr−3−3−35−37.433107.4337.43310×10(7.7410×−7.6510×)=1Vr(10.139210−×)×7.6510×CALr化简得:课后答案网⎧−=×−7−0.260.2650.2658588fALr2.8128Vr(1.11510CALr)⎪⎪−7−3−3⎨4.43664.4364.43666Vrwww.hackshp.cn(1.11510×−CALr)=7.43310×CALr+1.317310×VCrALr⎪−3⎪0.66890.6680.66899=2.634710×VC⎩rALr解之得:f=0.0540.0.054460544646ALr533V=6.761106.7616.76110×10cm=0.676mr−103−43C=3.7552103.7553.755210210×molcm/=3.75510×molm/ALr8.5采用直径为1m的鼓泡塔用空气氧化环已烷,压力为0.912Mp0.912Mpaa的空气自塔底送入,,其他条件同习题8.4,假定气体呈活塞流,液体呈全混流,试问塔高应为多少?已知数据:a=2.5cm:a=:a=2.5cm2.5cm-1;k;;kkL=0.12cm/s;==0.12cm/s;0.12cm/s;εG==0.12,==0.12,其他数据见习题8.4.解:在计算鼓泡塔时,需要知道溶解度常数,而题8.4是无此数据,在这里,查得常温时ρL=0.7785g/cm=0.7785g/=0.7785g/cmcm3,设反应条件下:ρL=0.65g/cm=0.65g/=0.65g/cmcm3;a=2.5cma=2.5cma=2.5cm-1;kL=0.12c=0.12cm/s=0.12cm/s;m/s;;εG==0.12==0.123−4kCDBAL0.210××7.652.2210××八田数M===4.857>3k0.120.0.1212Lβ=M(−RA=)βkCLAi=kCDCBALAikhdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
对气相作物料衡算:−Fdf=aACkCDdZ()1gAcAiBALfA其中:CAi=HpAAi=HpAAG=HpA(1−rZ)2()1+fA将(2)代入(1((1)1))式得:faAHpkCDAcABAL−dfA=(1−rZdZ)()31+fFAg(3)(3)式的边界条件:X=0f=fAA0Z=Lrf=fkhdaw.comAALr积分(3)(3(3))式得:⎡f⎤aAHpkCD⎛r⎞LArcABAL2−⎢f−f+ln⎥=⎜Lr−Lr⎟4()LArA0⎣课后答案网fA0⎦Fg⎝2⎠0.210.0.2121上式中F=1.57731.5771.57733mols/f==0.2658gA00.790.0.7979若进入液相的氧均参加反应www.hackshp.cn:2Fg(fA0−fALr=QC)B0−(CB)3−3−32121.5721.57730.2658×.57730.2658730.2658(−fALr)=7.433107.7410×(×−7.6510×)f=0.053740.0530.0537474ALrπ23.141593.1413.1415959232A=d=×100=7.854107.7.8541085410×cmct443ρm=ρt(1−εG=)00.650.6510.12.6510.1210.12−(=0.572/)gcm60.5720.101325100.5720.5720.10132510×0.10132510×5−1r==6.1484106.1486.148410410×cm61033.60.912101033.1033.60.9121060.91210××代入(4)式得:360.050.0530.05374374742.57.85410×××0.91210×H−[0.053740.2658ln[0.05[0.053740.2658ln3740.2658ln−+]=A0.26580.2650.265881.5773−55−3−4⎛6.1484106.1486.148410410×2⎞210××7.56102.22107.7.56102.221056102.2210××⎜Lr−Lr⎟⎝2⎠化简,得:khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
−59⎛6.14866.148410.148410410×2⎞1.81066.166101.8101.81066.1661066.16610=×H⎜Lr−Lr⎟A⎝2⎠−59−13⎛6.1484106.1486.148410410×2⎞1.81066.166101.8101.81066.1661066.16610=××6.844610×⎜Lr−Lr⎟⎝2⎠解之得:Lr=395::Lr=395cm=3.95Lr=395cm=3.95cmcm=3.95m=3.95mLr3.95==3.953.3.9595d1t故处于3~12之间.8.6在充填直径为4mm的Pd-AlPPd-Ald-Al2O3催化剂的滴流床反应器中,于0.1013Mpa,500.1013Mpa,500.1013Mpa,50℃等温下进行α-甲基苯乙烯加氢反应,液相进料α-甲基苯乙烯的浓度为khdaw.com4.3×10-4molmol/cmmmol/cmol/cm/cm3;床层入口处纯氢及液体的线速度分别等于12cm/s12cm12cm/s/s和1cm/s;1c1cm/s;m/s;若液相中α-甲基苯乙烯转化率为90%;试计算床高,假定气相和液相均呈活塞流,且床层压力降可忽略不计.已知数据:该反应对氢为一级,对α-甲基苯乙烯为零级,操作条件下,基于床层体积计算的数据如下:k=16.8:k:k=16.8=16.8s-1;k;;kkLaL=0.203s==0.203s0.203s-1--11;k;;kkLSLLSSaS=0.203s==0.203s0.203s-1--11;氢在催化剂中的有效扩散系数=1.02×10-6--66cmccmm2/s;//s;/s;氢在液相中的溶解度系数=0.6cm=0.6cm3气/cm/cm3液;床层孔隙率ε=0.42.解:课后答案网�−43d=4mm=p0.1000.1013.101313MpaT=50CC=4.310×molcm/pB0−1u=12cms/u=1cms/x=0.900.9.9=k16.8sg0www.hackshp.cnL0Lf−1ka=0.203s=ε0.42LL−1−6233ka=0.203sDe=1.0210×cm/sH=0.6cm气/cm液Lg反应器入口处氢的浓度:5p1.011.0131.01310310×103−53C===37.70537.7037.7055molm/=3.770510×molcm/A0RT8.314273508.3148.31427350(27350+)当苯乙烯转化率达到90%时,氢的转化率xgL:uCx=uCxg0A0gLl0B0BL(计量系数1:1)−5−4123.770510123.7123.770510×70510×x=×14.310××0.9x=85.53%gfgf由于所给动学参数以床层为基准,故以颗粒为基准的k−1k==16.8/10.4216.8/16.8/10.4210.42−=28.97sp1−εRkp0.20.2−6φ==28.97/1.021028.9728.97/1.0210/1.0210×=355.33De31−3η==2.2.8142.814610814610610×φ由于反应只与氢有关,且为一级反应,因此有:khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
duCx(0gA0g)=KCOGAG()1dZ本题中,由于是纯氢,CAG=C==CCA0AA00,dxgu0g=KOG()2dZ从氢的溶解度系数的单位可知,(8.40)式−11⎛111⎞1⎛111⎞K=⎜++⎟=⎜++⎟OG−3Hka⎝kakη⎠0.60.2030.60.0.60.203⎝2030.20316.82.814610××⎠Lllss=51.67551.671.67s−2−1K=1.935101.9351.93510×10sOGkhdaw.com代入(2)式dxg−212=1.935101.9351.93510×10dZ12dZ=dx−2g1.1.9351.93510课后答案网93510×1012120.8553120120.8553×.8553Z=x==530cm=5.35.5.33m−2gf−21.935101.9351.93510×101.93510×8.7在反应体积为5m2的机械搅拌釜中,采用直径为0.9mm的催化剂于25℃等温下进行亚油酸甲酯的加氢反应,氢的分压保持为www.hackshp.cn0.81Mpa0.81Mpa0.81Mpa;亚油酸甲酯的处理量等于1.5kmol/min,1.5kmol/m1.5kmol/min,in,要求酯的40%被加氢,试根据例8.5所给的数据和计算结果,计算催化剂用量。解:Vr=5m3dp=0.9mmddp=0.9mmp=0.9mmT=298.15KT=298.15KpH=0.81Mpa=0.81M=0.81MpapaQ0=1.5kmol/min=1.5kmol/=1.5kmol/min=1.5kmol/minxminxAf=40%==40%40%*3(−RA=)Qx0Af/Vr=1.50.4/5×=0.12kmol/min⋅m假设此时液膜阻力可忽略,由(8.51)式**⎛11⎞(−RA=)CA⎜+⎟()1⎝WkasLssWksη⎠参考例8.5可知*0007.3C=×08100187.=.kmolm/AL0303.−05.又由于k∝d,故09.mm催化剂的Lsp05.−6175010⎛×⎞k=⎜⎟=01521.m//minminLs−360910⎝.×⎠662a===3333.m/kgs−33dρ0910.×××210ppkhdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
23k=m/kg⋅minmminin309.φ=×3=36.075.1η==02778.φ代入(1)式:−1⎛11⎞01200187.=.⎜+⎟⎝W×015213333.×.W×0277823.×/⎠ss012.⎛11⎞3W=⎜+⎟=4731.kgm/skhdaw.com00187015213333.⎝.×.0277823.×/⎠8.8苯胺催化加氢反应对氢为一级,对苯为零级;1.01Mpa1.01Mpa1.01Mpa和130℃下,采用直径为4mm的催化剂和纯氢进行反应,k=51.5cmk=k=51.5cm51.5cm3/gs,k/gs,kLs=0.008c=0.008cm/s=0.008cm/s,km/s,k,kLaL=0.12s-1--11,纯氢的溶解度3.56×10-6molmol/cmmmol/cmol/cm/cm3,氢在催化剂上的有效扩散系数为8.35×10-6cmccmm2/s,//s,/s,试求宏观反应速率。3/gs,/gs,kk解:课后答案网P=1.01MpaPP=1.01MpaT=130=1.01MpaT=130T=130℃dp=4mmddp=4mmp=4mmk=51.5cmk=k=51.5cm51.5cmLs=0.008c=0.008cm/s==0.008cm/s0.008cm/sm/skLaL=0.12s-1--11*−63−62C=3510.×molcm/Q=83510.×cm/sAL0本题中缺少一个重要参数,即颗粒密度,设ρwww.hackshp.cnp=2g/cm=2g/=2g/cmcm3;24πR366−1−1a=====15cmk=kρ=5152103.×=sspp43Rd04.πRp3Rkp02.103−3φ===234=η4270910.×−63De383510.×−1**⎛111⎞(−RA=C)AL⎜⎜+⎟⎟kakakη⎝LLLssp⎠−1−6⎛111⎞=35610.×⎜++⎟−3⎝012.0008151034270910.××.×⎠−73=1879610.×molcm/⋅s8.9在浆态反应器中用纯氢将丁炔二醇加氢为丁烯二醇,该反应对氢及丁炔均为一级;进反应器的丁炔二醇溶液浓度为2.5kmol/m2.5k2.5kmol/mmol/m3;反应条件下,k=4.8k=4.8×-53/kg/k/kg/kgg﹒s﹒mol,kmol,k-1--113;10mLaL’=0.3s,kLsLLss=0.005c=0.005cm/s=0.005cm/s,m/s,,氢在液相中的溶解度=0.01kmol/m=0.01kmol/=0.01kmol/mm液相中催化剂含量为0.1kg/m0.1kg/m0.1kg/m3,ρ0=1.5g/cm=1.5g/=1.5g/cmcm3,d,d’’s=40ms=40m2/kg,/kg,气液均呈活塞流。(1)试计算液体转化率为95%时过程各步阻力占总阻力的百分率,设内扩散阻力可以忽略。(2)计算液相转化率达95%时的空速khdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
(3)在最终转化率保持不变的情况下,提出提高液空速所采取的措施。3-53/k/kg/kgg﹒s﹒mol,mol,k-1--11解:CB0=2.5m=2.5mol/m==2.5mol/m2.5mol/mol/mk=4.8k=4.8×10mLaL’=0.3s,kLsLLss=0.005c=0.005cm/s=0.005cm/s=0.005m/s=0.005=0.005×10-2m/m/sm/ssWs=0.1kg/m=0.1k=0.1kg/mg/m3a’s=40m2/kg//kg/kg*3333C=001.kmolm/=10molm/ρ=15.gcm/=1500kgm/ALp(1)(1)(1)(1)此时CBLBBLL=C==CCB0BB00(1-1-0.951-0.950.95)==0.050.05×2.5=2.5=0.125kmol/2.5=0.125kmol/m0.125kmol/mm3=125mol/m==125mol/m125mol/m3各步阻力:11==3333.s液膜阻力kaLL′03.11==5000s液固阻力WaksL′Ls0140000005.××.11==1667s−5khdaw.com反应阻力WkCsBL014810.×.××125各步阻力所占的分率:气膜3.333/(3.333+5000+1667)=0.053.333/(3.333+5000+1667)3.333/(3.333+5000+1667)=0.05=0.05%液固5000/(3.333+5000+1667)=74.96%5000/(3.333+5000+1667)5000/(3.333+5000+1667)=74.96%=74.96%反应1667/(3.333+5000+1667)=24.99%1667/(3.333+5000+1667)1667/(3.333+5000+1667)=24.99%=24.99%−1课后答案网**⎡111⎤()(()2)−R=C⎢++⎥AAL⎣kaLL′WaksL′LsWkCsB0(1−xB⎦)www.hackshp.cnxBfdxBxBfCB0⎡111⎤τ=C=⎢++⎥dxB0∫0−R*∫0CkaWakWkC1−xB(A)AL*⎣LL′sL′LssB0(B⎦)2500095.⎡8335.⎤=⎢33335000.++⎥dx10∫0⎣1−x⎦BB2500⎡0.95⎤=⎣50030958335×.−.ln(1−xB0)⎦102500=[47532497+.]=1250000=s3472.h1011−1S===000288.hvτ3472.(3)提高反应温度,增加溶液中催化剂的含量。8.10今有含SO2的空气需要净化处理,采用以活性碳为催化剂,以水为液体介质的滴流床反应器在0.101Mpa0.101Mpa0.101Mpa,25℃下将SO2氧化为SOSSOO3,溶于水而成稀硫酸从反应器底部流出,反应的控制步骤是氧在催化剂表面的吸附,反应速率可用下式表示:3r=ηρkCmolcm/床层⋅sApA0式中rA为以O2表示的反应速率,CAA00为催化剂表面处的khdaw.comO2浓度,单位为mol/cmmmol/cmol/cm3;若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
已知:内扩散有效因子η=0.6,堆密度ρb==1.0g/cm=1.0g/=1.0g/cm1.0g/cmcm3,一级反应速率常数3/g﹒s,ss,,床层孔隙率ε==0.30.3,k-1--11-1--11k=0.06cmk=k=0.06cm0.06cmLaLLaaas=0.3s==0.3s0.3s,kLaL=0.03s==0.03s0.03s,气体的流量=100cm=100cm3/s,O/s,O2在水中溶解度的享利常数H=5.0H=5.0;反应器直径10cm,塔顶入口处气体组成SSOO22%,O219%,N279%,试求SOSSOO2的转化率为80%时滴流床反应器的床层高度。解:P=0.101Mpa:P=0.101Mp:P=0.101MpaaT=25T=25℃η=0.6ρ3k=0.06cmk=k=0.06cm0.06cm3/g﹒sb=1.0g/=1.0g/cm=1.0g/=1.0g/cmcmε==0.30.3kLaLLaaas=0.3s==0.3s0.3s-1--11kLaL=0.03s==0.03s0.03s-1--11Qg=100c=100cm=100cmm3/sH=5.0H=H=5.0H=5.05.0000d=10cmy=2%y=19%y=79%x=80%tSO2O2N2Af整个反应的宏观动力学方程:(−RA=)KCOGAG其中−1⎛111⎞K=H⎜++⎟khdaw.comOGA⎝kaLskaLssηρbk⎠⎛111⎞=50.⎜++⎟=3222.⎝003.030.0610006.×.×.⎠−3−1K=3103710.×sOG6p课后答案网p010110.×3G===4075.molm/RT831429815.×.03C=Gy=40752.×%=08149.molm/A0www.hackshp.cnSO2CA0(1−xA)C=AG1+δyxAA0A1对于SO+O→SO2232115−.δ==−05.A1CA0(1−xA)1−xAC==CAGA0105002−.×.x1001−.xAAkhdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com
π2π22Ac=dt=(10)=7854.cm44xAfdxQ0xAf1001−.xAL=QCA=Adxcr0A0∫∫A0KCK01−xOGAGOGA=Q0xAf10011+.(−xA−)001.=Q0⎡−−+⎤Lr∫0dxA⎣099.lnllnn(1xA)001.xAf⎦AK1−xAKcOGAcOG100=[−099.ln.0200108+.×.]−378543103710.×.×=6569.cm=657.m8.11在以甲苯为液相介质,骨架镍为催化剂的浆式反应器中,进行乙烯加氢反应,反应条件:P=1.52MpaPP=1.52Mpa=1.52Mpa,T=50T=50℃,进料C2H4/H2=1/1.5==1/1.5=1/1.5(摩尔比),H2的进料速率为khdaw.com1.386mol/s,1.386m1.386mol/s,ol/s,已知αL=1.5cm=1.5cm2/cm/cm3,kL=0.015cm/s==0.015cm/s0.015cm/s,αS=200m2/kg//kg/kg,kLs=0.02c=0.02cm/s==0.02cm/s0.02cm/sm/s,Ws=0.1kg/m=0.1k=0.1kg/mg/m3,H2在甲苯中溶解的享利常数为9.4,液相可视为全混流;反应过程的速率决定于氢从气液相界面处向液固相界面间的传递,试求乙烯转化率为50%时所需的反应体积。0F=1.386mols/解:P=1.52MpaPP=1.52Mpa=1.52MpaT=50T=50℃C2H4/H2=1/1.5==1/1.5=1/1.5H2aL=1.5cm=1.5cm课后答案网2/cm/cm3kL=0.015cm/s==0.015cm/s0.015cm/sas=2000cm=2000cm2/gkLsLLss=0.02c=0.02cm/s==0.02cm/s0.02cm/sm/sH=9.4H=9.4Ws=0.1kg/m=0.1k=0.1kg/mg/m3=0.1×10--33g/cg/cmg/cmm3乙烯转化率为www.hackshp.cn50%时,设氢转化率为xH;1×50%=1.5xH解得:xH==0.33330.3333设反应的宏观动力学*(−RA=KC)OGAG−1⎛11⎞⎛11⎞KOG=HA⎜+⎟=94.⎜+−3⎟⎝kaWak⎠⎝150015.×.0110.××2000002×.⎠LLssLs3=276710.×s−4−1K=361310.×sOGxAfdxxAfdxV=FA=FArA0∫A0∫0(−RA)0KCOGAG0F=F=1386.mols/A0H26p15210.×3C===56576.molm/AGRT8314323.×.15V=FA0x=138603333.×.=226.m3rAf−4KC361310.××56576.OGAGkhdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益,敬请来信通知我们!℡www.khdaw.com'