GBT10221.4-1988感官分析术语与分析方法有关的术语.pdf 10页

'中华人民共和国国家标准UDC620.1=612.8感官分析术语s()M,lC日10221，4一88与分析方法有关的术语Sensoryanalysis-Vocabulary-Termsrelatinetomethods本标准参照采用国际标准巧。549211-"感官分析--一词汇》。1主题内容和适用范围本标准规定了感官分析与分析方法有关的术语。2术语及其定义2-1被检样品testsample被检验产品的一部分。2.2被检部分testportion直接提交评价员检验的那部分被检样品。2.3参照值referencepoint与被评价的祥品对比的一个选择的值(一个或几个特性值，或者某产品的值)。2-4对照样control选择用作参照值的被检样品。所有其他样品都与其作it较。2.5参比样reference本身不是被检材料，而是用来定义一个特性或者一个给定特性的某一指定水平的物质。2.6差别检验differencetest对两种样品进行比较的检验方法。2.了偏爱检验preferencetest对两种或多种祥品估价更喜欢哪一种的检验方法。2.8成对比较检验pairedcomparisontest为了在茶些规定的特性基础上进行比较，而成对地给出样品的一种差另d检验方法。2.9三点检验triangulartest差别检验的一种方法.同时提供三个已编码的样品，其中有两个样品是相同的，要求评价员挑出其巾单个的样品。210二一三点检验duo-triotest差别检验的一种方法。首先提供对照样品，接着提供两个样品，其中之一与对照样相同要求评价员识别。2.11“五中取二”检验"twooutoffive"test差别检验的一种方法。五个已编码的徉品，其中有两个是一种类型的，其余三个是另一种类型，要求评价员将这些样品按类型分成两组。国家技术监督局1988一12一22批准1989一07一01实施 GB10221.4一882.12"A”一“非A”检验"A"or"notA”test差别检验的一种方法。当评价员学会识别样品“A”以后，将一系列可能是"A”或“非A”的样品提供给他们，要求评价员指出每一个样品是‘"A”还是“非A".2.13排序ranking按指定指标的强度或程度排列一系列样品的分类方法。这种方法只将样品排定次序而不估计样品之间差别的大小2.14分类classification将样品划归到预先定义的名义类别的方法。2.15评估rating按照类别分类的方法。每种类别按有序标度排列。这是一个排定顺序的过程。2.16评分scoring一种使用数字标度评估的形式。在评分中所使用的数字形成等距或比率标度。2.17分等grading由优选评价员或专家在一个或多个指标的基础上对产品按其质量分类。2.18简单描述检验simpledescriptivetest对样品的各个指标定性描述的一种检验。这些指标构成了样品的整个特征2.19定量描述和感官剖面检验quantativedescriptiveandsensoryprofiletests用可以再现的方式评价产品感官特性的一种检验方法或理论分析的方法。这种评价是使用以前由简单描述检验确定的词汇中选择的词。2.20稀释法dilutionmethod以逐渐降低的浓度制备样品，然后顺序地检验。2.21筛选screening初步的选择过程。2.22配比matching把一对一对出现的相关的样品相等同的过程。通常用以确定对照的和未知的样品之间或两个未知的样品之间的相似程度。2.23客观方法objectivemethod受人为因素影响最小的方法。2.24主观方法subjectivemethod受人为因素影响较大的方法。2.25量值估计magnitudeestimation对指标的强度定值的过程。被定值的比率和评价员的感觉是相同的。2.26独立评价independentassessment在没有直接比较的情况下，评价一种或多种刺激。2.27比较评价comparativeassessment对同时出现的祥品的比较。2.28质量要素qualityfactor被挑选用以评价某产品整体质量的因素。2.29标度scale报告评价结果所使用的尺度。它是由顺序相连的一些值组成的系统。这些值可以是图形的，描述的或数字的形式。2.30快感标度hedonicscale表达喜欢或厌恶程度的一种标度。504 GB10221.4一88单极标度unipolarscale有零端点的一种标度。(例如从无味到很甜这样一种表示溶液味道的标度)2.32双极标度bipolarscale在两端点有相反刻度的一种标度。(例如从硬的到柔软的这样一种质地标度)2.弓3顺序标度ordinalscale以预先确定的单位或以连续级数作单位的一种标度。顺序标度既无绝对零点又无相等单位，因此这种标度只能提供对象强度的顺序，而不能提供对象之间差异的大小。2.34等距标度intervalscale有相等单位但无绝对零点的标度。相等的单位是指相同的数字间隔代表了相同的感官知觉差别。等距标度可以度量对象强度之间差异的大小，但不能比较对象强度之间的比率。2.35比率标度ratioscale既有绝对零点又有相等单位的标度。比率标度不但可以度量对象强度之间的绝对差异，又可度量对象强度之间的比率。这是一种最精确的标度口附加说明:本标准由中华人民共和国农业部提出。本标准由全国农业分析标准化技术委员会归口。本标准由中国标准化综合研究所、中国农科院分析室负责起草。本标准主要起草人毕健、陈必芳、周苏玉。www.bzfxw.com 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