广东路段隧道二衬施工技术交底 6页

技术交底单（施工）SJL22页码共页编号：项目名称广东省连平（赣粤界）至从化公路施工单位合同段监理单位交底范围隧道明洞、仰拱、衬砌作业施工本交底为明确塘基二号隧道衬砌施工作业的工艺流程、操作要点和相应的工艺标准，规范隧道施工而编制。一、设计参数V级围岩浅埋段衬砌均采用VQ型衬砌，Ⅳ级围岩深埋段采用Ⅳ型衬砌，Ⅲ级硬质岩围岩段采用ⅢY型衬砌。二次衬砌厚度为VQ型衬砌60cm、Ⅳ型衬砌50cm混凝土强度等级C30，ⅢY型衬砌45cm强度等级C25混凝土、Vm3型衬砌厚度80cm，混凝土强度等级C30；仰拱为C30防水钢筋混凝土。二、施工方法1、仰拱及仰拱填充施工原则：仰拱采用先行于衬砌的施工方案，仰拱先行，再施工拱圈，以利于衬砌结构的整体受力，并起到早闭合、防塌方作用。仰拱施做，势必影响到车辆的运行，为此采取防干扰简易平台作为过渡通道，以保证掌子面正常施工。1.1、施工顺序及步骤  开挖出渣→清除浮渣→安装仰拱工字钢（V级围岩段）→喷射C25砼→安装钢筋→安装模板→模注C30砼→安装仰拱填充模板→模注C15片石砼→养生。  1.2、仰拱施工工艺  （1）仰拱开挖  仰拱采用钻爆法开挖，挖掘机、装载机、自卸车出渣，爆破参数参照前述Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩部分开挖参数，开挖仰拱时应注意两侧边墙拱脚处附近不钻设炮眼，拱脚处欠挖部分采用风镐凿除，以免松动边墙钢架，为了控制超欠挖，应加强仰拱开挖标高的测量工作及加强装药量的控制，出渣后应及时清除仰拱上的浮渣，为施工创造条件。（2）安设工字钢  V级围岩段仰拱工字钢采用I22b，工字钢纵向间距分别为50cm，安装工字钢时一定要使仰拱工字钢与左右两边墙拱脚处的工字钢连接在一起，真正起到闭合成环作用，工字钢榀与榀之间用φ22钢筋纵向连接，环向间距为1m，工字钢底部设砼垫块，保证工字钢的保护层。（3）喷射砼  采用C25喷射砼，喷射砼采用湿喷技术工艺。（4）钢筋制作安装、模板的安装、C30砼浇筑constructionoflifting...Pressuregauges,usinganinstalledsparkarrestorforacetylenecylinders,illegalcarrying,usinggascylinders,eachoperatorfined20Yuan.Gasbottlewithoutthehotsunexposuremeasures,responsibilitiesofteamafineof50Yuan.(7)atheightandtheopeningandprovisionalprotectivemeasureshavebeentaken,theresponsibleunitfined200Yuan,constructionpersoninchargeafineof50Yuan.(8)nopermittoworkandthejobinaccordancewiththeprovisions,onthejobunitfined300yuan,theunitwillchargeafineof100Yuan.7.5.3accidentpenalties(1)injuriesfatalitiesdirectlypunished1~2million.Directresponsibilityfortheaccidentandhavethecorrespondingresponsibilityofleadership,suchasconcerningadministrativesanctions,shouldbebroughttothecompanyortherelevantDepartment.(2)personalinjuryaccidentoccurred,thedirectpunishment0.5-10,000yuan,responsibleforthedirectresponsibilityfortheaccidentandtheresponsibilityofleadership,suchasconcerningadministrativesanctionsshouldbedealtwithbythepersonnelDepartmentofthecompany.(3)personalinjuryaccidentoccurs,thedirectpunishment500-1000,whoisdirectlyresponsiblefortheaccidentresponsibility,givenoticeofcriticismand50-100economicsanctionsagainstthem.(4)toconcealtheaccident,reportedwithoutunduedelayorfalse,toinformtheadministrativeleadershipofthecriticism,resultinginseriousconsequences,thepursuitofleadership,alongwith500-1000punishment.\n钢筋应按照仰拱弧形在洞外事先制作好，钢筋接头处的焊接要保证焊缝长度要求（5d或10d）,焊缝饱满，并应凿除焊缝上的焊渣，模板安装要保证支撑牢固，拼缝严密，不漏浆；模注砼应采纳试验室配制经监理工程师批准的配合比，并控制好砼塌落度、和易性等参数，各种原材料从指定的厂家或料场采购，采用强制式砼搅拌机拌和，配有电子计量仪，砼的输送采用砼输送车，以防砼在运输过程中发生离析，采用振动式振捣器先振捣仰拱最底部，而后逐渐往洞身拱脚处振捣，保证砼的密实性。（5）安装仰拱填充模板、模注C15片石砼、养生  仰拱的填充采用C15砼，填充砼时应注意埋好横向排水管，预留好电缆沟、边沟、中心排水沟的位置，仰拱填充在仰拱砼浇筑完成后，待仰拱砼达到一定强度后，清除仰拱表面杂物及积水，按设计要求浇筑C15的填充片石砼，并振捣密实，按设计要求进行养护，严禁仰拱与仰拱填充砼混合浇筑，待混凝土强度达到5MPa后行人方可通行，达到设计强度100%后车辆方可通行。三、二衬施工二衬台车长度9米，进场必须经过项目部检验并过磅后，经监理工程师验收合格，方可用于隧道衬砌作业。2.1、衬砌施工应满足以下要求：（1）各测试项目的唯一速率明显收敛，围岩基本稳定；（2）已产生的各项位移达到预计位移总量的80%~90%：（3）周边位移速率和拱顶下场速率小于规定值。2.2、施工方法拱墙二次衬砌采用全断面整体式衬砌台车、混凝土搅拌运输车运输、泵送入模灌注，振捣器振捣，挡头模采用钢模或木模，混凝土浇筑时需左右对称，以防止台车偏移。二衬施工工艺如下：监控量测确定二衬施作时间施工准备台车移位台车定位止水带施工1、铺设防水板（土工布）及盲沟2、中线水平放样3、轨道安装涂脱模剂高程定位、中线定位、边模定位止水带定位、安装，清理浇筑混凝土拆模养护自检、监理检查隐蔽检查混凝土试验、捣固混凝土拌和混凝土运输混凝土入模constructionoflifting...Pressuregauges,usinganinstalledsparkarrestorforacetylenecylinders,illegalcarrying,usinggascylinders,eachoperatorfined20Yuan.Gasbottlewithoutthehotsunexposuremeasures,responsibilitiesofteamafineof50Yuan.(7)atheightandtheopeningandprovisionalprotectivemeasureshavebeentaken,theresponsibleunitfined200Yuan,constructionpersoninchargeafineof50Yuan.(8)nopermittoworkandthejobinaccordancewiththeprovisions,onthejobunitfined300yuan,theunitwillchargeafineof100Yuan.7.5.3accidentpenalties(1)injuriesfatalitiesdirectlypunished1~2million.Directresponsibilityfortheaccidentandhavethecorrespondingresponsibilityofleadership,suchasconcerningadministrativesanctions,shouldbebroughttothecompanyortherelevantDepartment.(2)personalinjuryaccidentoccurred,thedirectpunishment0.5-10,000yuan,responsibleforthedirectresponsibilityfortheaccidentandtheresponsibilityofleadership,suchasconcerningadministrativesanctionsshouldbedealtwithbythepersonnelDepartmentofthecompany.(3)personalinjuryaccidentoccurs,thedirectpunishment500-1000,whoisdirectlyresponsiblefortheaccidentresponsibility,givenoticeofcriticismand50-100economicsanctionsagainstthem.(4)toconcealtheaccident,reportedwithoutunduedelayorfalse,toinformtheadministrativeleadershipofthecriticism,resultinginseriousconsequences,thepursuitofleadership,alongwith500-1000punishment.\n2.3、防水层施工（1）防水层采用防水板+无妨布。先铺无妨布后铺防水板。（2）吊挂台车就位后，将初期支护外露的锚杆头、钢筋网头等铁件齐根切除，用砂浆抹平，锚杆用塑料帽处理，补喷砼使表面平整圆顺。（3）砼表面先把无妨布用衬垫贴上，用射钉枪钉上水泥钉锚固。平均拱顶3～4/m2点，边墙2～3/m2点。（4）防水板采用手动专用熔接器热熔粘结，保证粘结剥离强度。2.4、模板施工（1）衬砌模板台车、必须具有足够的强度、刚度和稳定性，并提前进行预拼装。（2）模板安装必须稳固牢靠，接缝严密，不得漏浆。模板与混凝土的接触面必须清理干净并涂刷隔离剂。（3）二次衬砌在初期支护变形稳定前施工的，拆模时的混凝土强度应达到设计强度的100%；在初期支护变形稳定后施工的，拆模时的混凝土强度应达到8MPa。（4）拆除非承重模板时，混凝土强度不得低于2.5MPa，并应保证其表面及棱角不受损伤。（5）拱顶预留注浆管。（6）模板安装允许偏差和检验方法应符合下表的规定。模板安装允许偏差和检验方法序号项目允许偏差（mm）检验方法1边墙脚平面位置及高程±15尺量2起拱线高程±103拱顶高程+100水准测量4模板表面平整度52m靠尺和塞尺5相邻浇筑段表面高低差±10尺量（7）预埋件和预留孔洞的设置应符合设计要求。允许偏差和检验方法应符合下表的规定。预埋件和预留孔洞的允许偏差和检验方法序号项目允许偏差（mm）检验方法1预留孔洞中心线位置10尺量尺寸+10/02预埋件中心线位置32.5混凝土搅拌：（1）混凝土原材料的各种质量应符合下发的配合比要求，并根据原材料情况的变化及时调整配合比（按配料单试验员调整），其称量误差应符合验标要求。（2constructionoflifting...Pressuregauges,usinganinstalledsparkarrestorforacetylenecylinders,illegalcarrying,usinggascylinders,eachoperatorfined20Yuan.Gasbottlewithoutthehotsunexposuremeasures,responsibilitiesofteamafineof50Yuan.(7)atheightandtheopeningandprovisionalprotectivemeasureshavebeentaken,theresponsibleunitfined200Yuan,constructionpersoninchargeafineof50Yuan.(8)nopermittoworkandthejobinaccordancewiththeprovisions,onthejobunitfined300yuan,theunitwillchargeafineof100Yuan.7.5.3accidentpenalties(1)injuriesfatalitiesdirectlypunished1~2million.Directresponsibilityfortheaccidentandhavethecorrespondingresponsibilityofleadership,suchasconcerningadministrativesanctions,shouldbebroughttothecompanyortherelevantDepartment.(2)personalinjuryaccidentoccurred,thedirectpunishment0.5-10,000yuan,responsibleforthedirectresponsibilityfortheaccidentandtheresponsibilityofleadership,suchasconcerningadministrativesanctionsshouldbedealtwithbythepersonnelDepartmentofthecompany.(3)personalinjuryaccidentoccurs,thedirectpunishment500-1000,whoisdirectlyresponsiblefortheaccidentresponsibility,givenoticeofcriticismand50-100economicsanctionsagainstthem.(4)toconcealtheaccident,reportedwithoutunduedelayorfalse,toinformtheadministrativeleadershipofthecriticism,resultinginseriousconsequences,thepursuitofleadership,alongwith500-1000punishment.\n）混凝土称量完成后宜先向搅拌机投放细骨料，水泥及矿物掺和料，加水拌和成砂浆，再向机内投入粗骨料，充分搅拌和再加入外加剂，并搅拌均匀。（3）泵送混凝土的搅拌时间最小不得小于3min。2.6混凝土运输：（1）混凝土运输应保证其匀质性，做到不分层、不离析、不漏浆。运输灌注地点时满足坍落度要求。（2）混凝土宜在搅拌完成后60min内完成，且在1/2初凝时间内入泵，并在初凝时间内泵送完毕。（3）混凝土搅拌运输车装料前，必须将拌筒内积水倒净，当运至浇筑处时，应在浇筑前进行二次搅拌，但不得再次加水。（4）混凝土搅拌车喂料完成后，应及时清洗拌和筒及排除污水。2.7混凝土灌筑及捣固：（1）混凝土自模板窗口灌入，应由下而上，对称分层，自由倾落高度不超过2.0m，在混凝土施工过程中，随时观察模板、支架、钢筋、预埋件和预留孔的情况，当发现有变形、移位时，应及时采取加固措施。施工中发现泵送混凝土坍落度不足时，不得擅自加水，应在试验人员的指导下用追加减水剂的方法解决。（2）混凝土分层厚度宜为振捣器作用部分长度的1.25倍，但最大摊铺厚度不超过60cm，在新浇筑完成的下层混凝土上层再浇筑新混凝土时，应在下层混凝土初凝前或能重塑前浇筑完成上层混凝土。当采用插入式振捣棒时，应符合下列规定：（3）每一振点的捣固延续时间宜为20~30s,以混凝土不再沉落、不再出现气泡、表面出现浮浆为度，防止过振，漏振。（4）振动器的移动半径不超过其振动半径的1.5倍，且插入下层混凝土的深度宜为5~10cm，与侧模也应保持5~10cm的距离，并避免碰撞钢筋、模板、预埋件等。振捣完毕后，应竖向缓慢拔出，不得在浇筑仓内平拖。泵送下料口应及时移动，不得用插入式振动器平拖驱赶下料口处堆积的拌和物将其推向远处。2.8、泵送操作规程及其注意事项：（1）混凝土泵的操作人员必须经过专门培训合格后，方可上岗操作。（2）混凝土泵与输送管接通后，应按所用混凝土泵使用说明书的规定进行全面检查，符合要求后方可开机进行空运转。（3）混凝土启动后，应先泵送适当水以湿润混凝土泵的料斗、活塞及输送管内壁等直接与混凝土接触部位。（4）经检查确认后，泵送水泥浆或粗骨料减少50%的配合比的混凝土通过管道。（5）开始泵送时，混凝土泵应处于慢速、匀速并随时可以反泵的状态，泵送速度应先慢后快，逐步加速。（6）泵送混凝土时，若输送管内吸入了空气，应立即进反泵吸出混凝土至料斗中重新搅拌，排出空气后再泵送。（7）泵送混凝土时，料斗内应保持有足够的混凝土。（8）当混凝土泵出现压力过大、油压过高时，不得强行泵送，应检查输送管道是否畅通，并进行反泵操作。constructionoflifting...Pressuregauges,usinganinstalledsparkarrestorforacetylenecylinders,illegalcarrying,usinggascylinders,eachoperatorfined20Yuan.Gasbottlewithoutthehotsunexposuremeasures,responsibilitiesofteamafineof50Yuan.(7)atheightandtheopeningandprovisionalprotectivemeasureshavebeentaken,theresponsibleunitfined200Yuan,constructionpersoninchargeafineof50Yuan.(8)nopermittoworkandthejobinaccordancewiththeprovisions,onthejobunitfined300yuan,theunitwillchargeafineof100Yuan.7.5.3accidentpenalties(1)injuriesfatalitiesdirectlypunished1~2million.Directresponsibilityfortheaccidentandhavethecorrespondingresponsibilityofleadership,suchasconcerningadministrativesanctions,shouldbebroughttothecompanyortherelevantDepartment.(2)personalinjuryaccidentoccurred,thedirectpunishment0.5-10,000yuan,responsibleforthedirectresponsibilityfortheaccidentandtheresponsibilityofleadership,suchasconcerningadministrativesanctionsshouldbedealtwithbythepersonnelDepartmentofthecompany.(3)personalinjuryaccidentoccurs,thedirectpunishment500-1000,whoisdirectlyresponsiblefortheaccidentresponsibility,givenoticeofcriticismand50-100economicsanctionsagainstthem.(4)toconcealtheaccident,reportedwithoutunduedelayorfalse,toinformtheadministrativeleadershipofthecriticism,resultinginseriousconsequences,thepursuitofleadership,alongwith500-1000punishment.\n泵送混凝土的质量通病及其防止措施如下表所示：质量通病原因分析防治措施蜂窝麻面模板漏浆、布料不均、高落差下料、气泡、局部积水或混凝土浆堆积。模板接缝应严密，挡头板在浇筑混凝土前就浇水湿透，钢模接缝处采用胶纸带密缝，加强组织，从各个窗口均匀布料，加强平仓。胀模混凝土坍落度过大，速度过快，钢度不够，支撑不牢，突出鼓肚，甚至变形胀开。应进行对称分层浇筑，均衡布料，输送管严禁靠近支撑，侧压力计算，确保安全。裂缝混凝土坍落度过大，温度裂缝。控制入模温度及水分蒸发速度，加强养护洒水。在内外温差较大时，采取降温（保温）措施。混凝土接触不良模板漏浆，造成烂脖子，管道堵塞时间较长，造成混凝土冷接头，未插连筋，跑模错台。接合处模板加强支撑，确保牢固。夹吹塑纸或海绵条。混凝土质量波动现场配合比控制不好；表面未清理干净；泵送开始或结束时压力砂浆存在混凝土中影响强度。加强混凝土各环节的管理；坍落度玻动控制在2cm禁止任意加水；清除残留物。四、安全及环保要求3.1、泵送混凝土时，输送管道的接头应紧密牢固，不漏浆，安全阀必须完好，搭设管道的架子要牢固。泵机使用前，要进行试送。当泵机出现故障需要检修时，应先卸压，待停机后，再进行检修。3.2、浇注混凝土时，应有操作平台，严禁站在模板上或支撑杆上操作，以免踩滑或踏断（滑）支撑而发生人员坠落事故。3.3、使用平板振动器或捣固棒的作业人员，应穿胶鞋或带绝缘手套，振捣设备应设专用开关箱，箱内应装漏电保护器。3.4、浇注时，应自两边拱脚两侧对称同时平衡浇注。严禁非对称，非平衡浇注。3.5、夜间浇注混凝土时，应有足够的照明设施。3.6、对已浇注完毕的混凝土，应进行覆盖和浇水养护，使混凝土在规定的保养期内，始终能保持足够的湿润状态。在浇水养护时，拉移水管，不得倒退行走，以防滑到或发生坠落事故。交底人单位工程部交底人日期被交底人单位/职务被交底人签认：constructionoflifting...Pressuregauges,usinganinstalledsparkarrestorforacetylenecylinders,illegalcarrying,usinggascylinders,eachoperatorfined20Yuan.Gasbottlewithoutthehotsunexposuremeasures,responsibilitiesofteamafineof50Yuan.(7)atheightandtheopeningandprovisionalprotectivemeasureshavebeentaken,theresponsibleunitfined200Yuan,constructionpersoninchargeafineof50Yuan.(8)nopermittoworkandthejobinaccordancewiththeprovisions,onthejobunitfined300yuan,theunitwillchargeafineof100Yuan.7.5.3accidentpenalties(1)injuriesfatalitiesdirectlypunished1~2million.Directresponsibilityfortheaccidentandhavethecorrespondingresponsibilityofleadership,suchasconcerningadministrativesanctions,shouldbebroughttothecompanyortherelevantDepartment.(2)personalinjuryaccidentoccurred,thedirectpunishment0.5-10,000yuan,responsibleforthedirectresponsibilityfortheaccidentandtheresponsibilityofleadership,suchasconcerningadministrativesanctionsshouldbedealtwithbythepersonnelDepartmentofthecompany.(3)personalinjuryaccidentoccurs,thedirectpunishment500-1000,whoisdirectlyresponsiblefortheaccidentresponsibility,givenoticeofcriticismand50-100economicsanctionsagainstthem.(4)toconcealtheaccident,reportedwithoutunduedelayorfalse,toinformtheadministrativeleadershipofthecriticism,resultinginseriousconsequences,thepursuitofleadership,alongwith500-1000punishment.\n说明：本表中交底内容可另附，一式两份，双方签认后各执一份。项目经理：constructionoflifting...Pressuregauges,usinganinstalledsparkarrestorforacetylenecylinders,illegalcarrying,usinggascylinders,eachoperatorfined20Yuan.Gasbottlewithoutthehotsunexposuremeasures,responsibilitiesofteamafineof50Yuan.(7)atheightandtheopeningandprovisionalprotectivemeasureshavebeentaken,theresponsibleunitfined200Yuan,constructionpersoninchargeafineof50Yuan.(8)nopermittoworkandthejobinaccordancewiththeprovisions,onthejobunitfined300yuan,theunitwillchargeafineof100Yuan.7.5.3accidentpenalties(1)injuriesfatalitiesdirectlypunished1~2million.Directresponsibilityfortheaccidentandhavethecorrespondingresponsibilityofleadership,suchasconcerningadministrativesanctions,shouldbebroughttothecompanyortherelevantDepartment.(2)personalinjuryaccidentoccurred,thedirectpunishment0.5-10,000yuan,responsibleforthedirectresponsibilityfortheaccidentandtheresponsibilityofleadership,suchasconcerningadministrativesanctionsshouldbedealtwithbythepersonnelDepartmentofthecompany.(3)personalinjuryaccidentoccurs,thedirectpunishment500-1000,whoisdirectlyresponsiblefortheaccidentresponsibility,givenoticeofcriticismand50-100economicsanctionsagainstthem.(4)toconcealtheaccident,reportedwithoutunduedelayorfalse,toinformtheadministrativeleadershipofthecriticism,resultinginseriousconsequences,thepursuitofleadership,alongwith500-1000punishment.