甘肃兰州地铁工程临时道路施工技术交底 8页

Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople'sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn'topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand技术交底记录ZT20TJII-11年月日工程名称东方红广场站临时道路施工交底地点交底组织单位中铁二十局集团有限公司兰州轨道1号线一期TJII-11项目部交底负责人施工单位接收负责人技术交底内容：一、临时道路位置本次临时道路施工路段为庆阳路北侧广场北路至平凉路（平面图1），设计将原庆阳路所占道路标高施工至与人行道同标高，东口及西口设计以2%坡度接与原庆阳路（坡度可根据现场实际情况适当调整），临时道路施工及弱电管线保护施工下文具体说明。图1：二、临时路面施工临时道路路基底基层采用20cm厚12%石灰土，基层采用20cm厚水泥稳定碎石。临时道路路面采用20cm厚C30水泥混凝土路面。如下图2所示：5minfilter:from200mLfiltrate,intoanother50mLBrowninavolumetricflask,Addhydrochloricacid(1+11)toscale,timedistributionandavoidlight.BHTstandardsolution:weighaccurately0.0500gBHT.withasmallamountofmethanoldissolved.movedintothe100mLBrownvolumetricflask.welldilutedtoscale.keepindarkplace.Permlofthissolutioncorrespondsto0.50mgBHT.BHTstandardliquid:whendrawing1.0mLBHTstandardsolution,placedin50mLBrownflask,addmethanoltoscale,andmix,keepindarkplace.Thissolutionisequivalentto10.0μgpermlgBHT.3,instrumentssteamdistillationapparatus.Glycerinebath.SPECTROphotometer.4,treatedthestepsanalyzed:weigh2g~5gsample(about0.40mgBHT)in100mLdistillationflask,add16.0gofanhydrouscalciumchloridepowderandwater10.0mL.whenGlycerinbathwhenthetemperaturereaches165°ctemperature.AlembicinGlycerinbath,connectthesteamgeneratorandcondenser.Condensertubebottomimmersedin200mLcontaining50mLalcoholbottle,distillation,distillationrate1.5perminutemL~2mL,50min~60mintocollectabout100mLdistillate(alongwiththeoriginalholdingabout150mLofmethanol,...cM1--samplesfordeterminationofBHTinquality,inmicrograms(μgg);M2--qualityofthesample,expressedingrams(g);TotalvolumeofsamplesafterV1--distillationunitsofmilliliters(mL);AbsorbthevolumeofsamplesfordeterminationofV2--.unitstomilliliters(mL)aresultmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina'smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis7\nManipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople'sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn'topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand图2：1、路基处理（1）、原地表清表30cm后采用素土压实回填至路床地面。（2）、路床厚40cm，采用8%灰土分层压实回填；路床压实度不小于93%。（3）、清表后对原槽进行碾压，无弹簧、软基等不良地质情况即可进入下一道工序，如有，需做换填素土、3%-6%灰土等多方案试验段，以确定具体施工方式，压实度不应小于90%，土基回弹模量不小于30MPa。2、石灰土底基层施工（1）、石灰土底基层所采用的石灰原料应该满足各项规定，土选用塑性指数为10-15的粉质粘土、粘土，土块最大尺寸不应大于15mm，有机含量不大于10%，石灰土压实度应大于95%，7天抗压强度不小于0.7MPa。（2）、施工工艺及方法①、采用消解过筛的石灰和塑性指数为10-15的粉质粘土、粘土在市区外搅拌均匀后采用自卸车拉到现场，灰土运输过程中自卸车要遮盖严实，防止灰土外泄，出搅拌厂时自卸车要进行清洗，道路行驶要减速慢行。②、卸灰会后用5minfilter:from200mLfiltrate,intoanother50mLBrowninavolumetricflask,Addhydrochloricacid(1+11)toscale,timedistributionandavoidlight.BHTstandardsolution:weighaccurately0.0500gBHT.withasmallamountofmethanoldissolved.movedintothe100mLBrownvolumetricflask.welldilutedtoscale.keepindarkplace.Permlofthissolutioncorrespondsto0.50mgBHT.BHTstandardliquid:whendrawing1.0mLBHTstandardsolution,placedin50mLBrownflask,addmethanoltoscale,andmix,keepindarkplace.Thissolutionisequivalentto10.0μgpermlgBHT.3,instrumentssteamdistillationapparatus.Glycerinebath.SPECTROphotometer.4,treatedthestepsanalyzed:weigh2g~5gsample(about0.40mgBHT)in100mLdistillationflask,add16.0gofanhydrouscalciumchloridepowderandwater10.0mL.whenGlycerinbathwhenthetemperaturereaches165°ctemperature.AlembicinGlycerinbath,connectthesteamgeneratorandcondenser.Condensertubebottomimmersedin200mLcontaining50mLalcoholbottle,distillation,distillationrate1.5perminutemL~2mL,50min~60mintocollectabout100mLdistillate(alongwiththeoriginalholdingabout150mLofmethanol,...cM1--samplesfordeterminationofBHTinquality,inmicrograms(μgg);M2--qualityofthesample,expressedingrams(g);TotalvolumeofsamplesafterV1--distillationunitsofmilliliters(mL);AbsorbthevolumeofsamplesfordeterminationofV2--.unitstomilliliters(mL)aresultmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina'smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis7\nManipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople'sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn'topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand迅速均匀铺开，检查层厚不得大于25cm，灰土铺均匀后要及时封压，防止水分散失，封压就是静压两遍，静压后用平地机进行精平，将表面凸出不平处刮除，带出的土不宜铺撒在路基表面上，以免起皮。平整时应由中央向两边进行，精平过程中测量人员随时检测顶面平整度、横坡和标高，保证参数符合要求。③、平好的路段要立即碾压，碾压程序是先静压、后振压、再静压。首先静压2遍，采用16t以上压路机，碾压为纵向进退式，由两边向中央进行，前后两幅重叠1/2～1/3轮宽，运行速率不超过5km/小时。其次是振动碾压，采用20t以上压路机碾压，碾压时振动力不宜采用强振，以中或弱振力为主，机械运行速率不超过3km/小时，碾压遍数由所测压实度确定，一般在振动碾压第三遍后开始检测压实度，每增加一遍检测一处，直到全部合格为止。最后仍采用静压，遍数不少于2遍，最后一遍为找光，压路机走行速率不超过8km/小时。④、灰土压实度必须在振动压实阶段达到，不能采用增大振动力来达到提高压实度的做法，以多增加静压遍数和养生来保证压实度。碾压过程中有专人对路基表面进行修补，对局部凹凸不平处进行平整，清除干皮、杂物。压好的路基上不宜通行重型车辆及机械，一切重型设备不得在成型路基上打转或掉头。⑤、碾压成型的路段要及时进行养生，养生期间应封闭路基，禁止一切大型车辆通行。3、水泥稳定碎石基层施工（1）、临时路面采用20cm厚水泥稳定碎石基层，碎石压碎值不大于30%，最大粒径不超过31.5mm，7天无侧线抗压强度需达到2.5MPa，压实度达到97%。（2）、施工工艺①、拌和在搅拌站，机械搅拌。先检查水泥、碎石、石屑、水是否符合规范规定。配合比严格控制，确保拌和料达到最佳含水量。②、摊铺按设计厚度放出横断面标高，分层摊铺，摊铺用机械进行，机械无法到达的部位，用工摊铺，蛙式打夯机夯实。③、碾压摊铺整平后，立即碾压。应先轻后重，先边后中，先慢后快的原则，并在水泥终凝前完成。即先用8T压路机碾压2遍，再用12T压路机碾压6~8遍。先慢后快，头两遍碾压速度为1.5~1.7km/小时，后6~8遍为2~2.5km/小时。轮迹每次重叠的宽度为1/2后轮宽。施工完后严禁一切车辆使入。若碾压中局部有“弹软”5minfilter:from200mLfiltrate,intoanother50mLBrowninavolumetricflask,Addhydrochloricacid(1+11)toscale,timedistributionandavoidlight.BHTstandardsolution:weighaccurately0.0500gBHT.withasmallamountofmethanoldissolved.movedintothe100mLBrownvolumetricflask.welldilutedtoscale.keepindarkplace.Permlofthissolutioncorrespondsto0.50mgBHT.BHTstandardliquid:whendrawing1.0mLBHTstandardsolution,placedin50mLBrownflask,addmethanoltoscale,andmix,keepindarkplace.Thissolutionisequivalentto10.0μgpermlgBHT.3,instrumentssteamdistillationapparatus.Glycerinebath.SPECTROphotometer.4,treatedthestepsanalyzed:weigh2g~5gsample(about0.40mgBHT)in100mLdistillationflask,add16.0gofanhydrouscalciumchloridepowderandwater10.0mL.whenGlycerinbathwhenthetemperaturereaches165°ctemperature.AlembicinGlycerinbath,connectthesteamgeneratorandcondenser.Condensertubebottomimmersedin200mLcontaining50mLalcoholbottle,distillation,distillationrate1.5perminutemL~2mL,50min~60mintocollectabout100mLdistillate(alongwiththeoriginalholdingabout150mLofmethanol,...cM1--samplesfordeterminationofBHTinquality,inmicrograms(μgg);M2--qualityofthesample,expressedingrams(g);TotalvolumeofsamplesafterV1--distillationunitsofmilliliters(mL);AbsorbthevolumeofsamplesfordeterminationofV2--.unitstomilliliters(mL)aresultmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina'smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis7\nManipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople'sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn'topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand现象，翻松晒干后再压，若出现推移则适量洒水，整平压实。碾压至表面平整，无明显轮迹。4、水泥混凝土路面施工采用20cm厚C30水泥混凝土路面层，抗折强度为4.5MPa。①、混凝土的配合比应通过计算及试验室试配确定，其水灰比不大于0.50，单位水泥用量不小于300kg/m3，塌落度宜为10-25mm。施工中应测定现场骨料的含水率，将理论配合比换算为施工配合比，作为施工配料依据。②、混凝土拌和物必须采用机械搅拌（搅拌站或搅拌机），砂、石及散装水泥必须过秤，严格控制加水量；加料顺序为砂——水泥——碎（砾）石或碎（砾）石——水泥——砂，进料后边搅拌边加水，搅拌最长时间不得超过最短时间的三倍。③、混凝土搅拌和物的运输宜采用砼搅拌运输车进行。装运过程中不应漏浆并应防止离析，混凝土从搅拌机出料至浇筑完毕的允许最长时间如下表：表一：施工气温允许最长时间（小时）5—10℃210—20℃1.520—30℃130—35℃0.75④、混凝土的浇筑立模位置及高程符合设计要求，并应支撑准确牢固、接头紧密平顺，无离缝，前后荀茬和高低不平等现象。模板接头、模板与基层接触处不得漏浆，模板与砼接触面应涂隔离剂。混凝土摊铺时应考虑振实预留高度，采用人工摊铺时应用反锹反扣，严禁抛掷和耧扒，防止混凝土离析。混凝土的振捣必须采用插入式振捣器、平板式振捣器及振动梁振捣相结合的方式进行。振捣顺序为先插后平，最后振动梁拖振。振捣器振捣时间以拌和物停止下沉，水泥浆均匀液化并且无明显气泡冒出为止，不宜过振。在振动梁拖振整平后，在用滚筒进一步整平，并赶去多余浮浆。混凝土板抹面应分2——5minfilter:from200mLfiltrate,intoanother50mLBrowninavolumetricflask,Addhydrochloricacid(1+11)toscale,timedistributionandavoidlight.BHTstandardsolution:weighaccurately0.0500gBHT.withasmallamountofmethanoldissolved.movedintothe100mLBrownvolumetricflask.welldilutedtoscale.keepindarkplace.Permlofthissolutioncorrespondsto0.50mgBHT.BHTstandardliquid:whendrawing1.0mLBHTstandardsolution,placedin50mLBrownflask,addmethanoltoscale,andmix,keepindarkplace.Thissolutionisequivalentto10.0μgpermlgBHT.3,instrumentssteamdistillationapparatus.Glycerinebath.SPECTROphotometer.4,treatedthestepsanalyzed:weigh2g~5gsample(about0.40mgBHT)in100mLdistillationflask,add16.0gofanhydrouscalciumchloridepowderandwater10.0mL.whenGlycerinbathwhenthetemperaturereaches165°ctemperature.AlembicinGlycerinbath,connectthesteamgeneratorandcondenser.Condensertubebottomimmersedin200mLcontaining50mLalcoholbottle,distillation,distillationrate1.5perminutemL~2mL,50min~60mintocollectabout100mLdistillate(alongwiththeoriginalholdingabout150mLofmethanol,...cM1--samplesfordeterminationofBHTinquality,inmicrograms(μgg);M2--qualityofthesample,expressedingrams(g);TotalvolumeofsamplesafterV1--distillationunitsofmilliliters(mL);AbsorbthevolumeofsamplesfordeterminationofV2--.unitstomilliliters(mL)aresultmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina'smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis7\nManipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople'sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn'topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand4次进行。先找平抹平（粗抹），待砼表面无渗水时再抹平抹光（细抹），以达到板面平整、密实的效果。烈日曝晒时应搭遮阳棚进行抹面工作。采用真空吸水工艺时应先用磨光机进行磨面工作，然后再进行人工抹面工作。拉毛必须采用拉毛器进行，拉毛或压横的纹路要光，纹理深度应为1—2mm。为防止毛或压槽器具粘带砂浆而影响效果，拉毛器具应经常清洗并保持其表面的湿润、干净。砼板中钢筋的位置，应采取无踩踏、预留沉落度或用架立筋扎成骨架等措施保证其在混凝土板中的准确位置。⑤、接缝施工胀缝施工，应与路面中心线垂直，缝壁垂直，缝宽一致，缝中无边浆；传力杆必须平行于板面及路面中心线，可采用顶头木模固定或支架固定。传力钢筋的二分之一长度要涂上沥青靠顶端长10cm套上一个套筒，筒内装上2cm锯木屑，以便混凝土膨胀时能活动伸缩。缩缝施工，在机场道面和高速公路施工时，必须采用切缝法，受条件限制时可采用压缝法。缝宽和缝深应满足设计要求。施工缝的设置，应与胀缝或缩缝位置吻合，并与道路中心线垂直，多车道及机场道面的施工缝应避免设在同一横断面上，传力杆须与缝壁垂直。纵缝施工，对于平缝纵缝，在与浇砼板壁应涂刷沥青；对于企口缝纵缝，应先浇筑凹樵的一边，缝壁应涂刷沥青；整幅浇筑的纵缝，采用切缝或压缝法进行。纵缝设置拉杆时应采用螺纹钢筋，并设置于板厚中间。填缝：填缝前须保持缝内清洁无杂物，填缝方法根据设计要求可分别采用灌入式填缝和预制嵌缝条方法进行，并符合规范要求。⑥、混凝土板养护采用湿治养护和塑料薄膜养护等方法进行，使板面经常保持湿润状态，养护期一般为14-21天，养护过程中禁止车辆通行，砼板达到设计强度时可允许开放交通。三、排水施工结合雨水管道的迁改情况，结合现状雨水口的设置，道路改造后增设雨水口，雨水口就近接入现状雨水井及迁建雨水井中。雨水口采用乙型双箅雨水口，雨水连接采用de300UPVC加筋管。雨水箅子采用纤维雨水箅。主要技术要求如下：1、雨水连接采用de300UPVC加筋管。施工前应对进入施工现场的管材进行检查，经确认合格后方可使用。2、管道接口；UPVC采用橡胶圈接口。3、管道基础；UPVC管的管道基础采用360度砂石基础。5minfilter:from200mLfiltrate,intoanother50mLBrowninavolumetricflask,Addhydrochloricacid(1+11)toscale,timedistributionandavoidlight.BHTstandardsolution:weighaccurately0.0500gBHT.withasmallamountofmethanoldissolved.movedintothe100mLBrownvolumetricflask.welldilutedtoscale.keepindarkplace.Permlofthissolutioncorrespondsto0.50mgBHT.BHTstandardliquid:whendrawing1.0mLBHTstandardsolution,placedin50mLBrownflask,addmethanoltoscale,andmix,keepindarkplace.Thissolutionisequivalentto10.0μgpermlgBHT.3,instrumentssteamdistillationapparatus.Glycerinebath.SPECTROphotometer.4,treatedthestepsanalyzed:weigh2g~5gsample(about0.40mgBHT)in100mLdistillationflask,add16.0gofanhydrouscalciumchloridepowderandwater10.0mL.whenGlycerinbathwhenthetemperaturereaches165°ctemperature.AlembicinGlycerinbath,connectthesteamgeneratorandcondenser.Condensertubebottomimmersedin200mLcontaining50mLalcoholbottle,distillation,distillationrate1.5perminutemL~2mL,50min~60mintocollectabout100mLdistillate(alongwiththeoriginalholdingabout150mLofmethanol,...cM1--samplesfordeterminationofBHTinquality,inmicrograms(μgg);M2--qualityofthesample,expressedingrams(g);TotalvolumeofsamplesafterV1--distillationunitsofmilliliters(mL);AbsorbthevolumeofsamplesfordeterminationofV2--.unitstomilliliters(mL)aresultmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina'smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis7\nManipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople'sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn'topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand1、检查井；与现状雨水检查井规格一致。2、雨水口；设置乙型双箅雨水口，雨水箅子采用钢纤维雨水箅。雨水连接管管径De300，采用1%的坡度就近接入雨水检查井，雨水检查井可根据道路标高做适当调整。3、沟槽回填槽内不得有积水，不得回填淤泥、腐殖土及有机物，其管顶50mm内不得回填大于500mm的石块、砖块等杂物。回填土的相对密实度；胸腔部分>90-95%，管顶以上500mm内应>85%，管道两侧应>90%，其他回填部分应按照路基密实度要求分层夯实。管顶至道路结构层回填土一律采用6%改良土。四、弱电管沟的加固设计在疏解道路路面从下往上依次加20cm厚钢筋混凝土盖板、20cm厚水泥稳定碎石，20cm厚钢筋混泥土盖板、20cm厚水泥稳定碎石，20cm厚混凝土平石路面，具体结构见图3。图3:管沟加固工艺流程：施工准备→沟槽开挖→压顶施作→盖板安装→水稳层施作→面层混凝土浇筑→养护（一）施工准备1、围挡施工，在保证车辆通行的情况下分区域施工。2、提前对疏解道路上的井盖进行实际踏勘，并做好井盖的数目统计以及管沟平面位置的放样。3、盖板提前预制，施工时用至场地（二）操作过程5minfilter:from200mLfiltrate,intoanother50mLBrowninavolumetricflask,Addhydrochloricacid(1+11)toscale,timedistributionandavoidlight.BHTstandardsolution:weighaccurately0.0500gBHT.withasmallamountofmethanoldissolved.movedintothe100mLBrownvolumetricflask.welldilutedtoscale.keepindarkplace.Permlofthissolutioncorrespondsto0.50mgBHT.BHTstandardliquid:whendrawing1.0mLBHTstandardsolution,placedin50mLBrownflask,addmethanoltoscale,andmix,keepindarkplace.Thissolutionisequivalentto10.0μgpermlgBHT.3,instrumentssteamdistillationapparatus.Glycerinebath.SPECTROphotometer.4,treatedthestepsanalyzed:weigh2g~5gsample(about0.40mgBHT)in100mLdistillationflask,add16.0gofanhydrouscalciumchloridepowderandwater10.0mL.whenGlycerinbathwhenthetemperaturereaches165°ctemperature.AlembicinGlycerinbath,connectthesteamgeneratorandcondenser.Condensertubebottomimmersedin200mLcontaining50mLalcoholbottle,distillation,distillationrate1.5perminutemL~2mL,50min~60mintocollectabout100mLdistillate(alongwiththeoriginalholdingabout150mLofmethanol,...cM1--samplesfordeterminationofBHTinquality,inmicrograms(μgg);M2--qualityofthesample,expressedingrams(g);TotalvolumeofsamplesafterV1--distillationunitsofmilliliters(mL);AbsorbthevolumeofsamplesfordeterminationofV2--.unitstomilliliters(mL)aresultmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina'smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis7\nManipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople'sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn'topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand1．沟槽开挖测量放线，确定开挖轮廓线及标高，人工配合机械开挖至设计标高。2.压顶施作采用C20混凝土现场立模现浇，厚度7cm。3．盖板安装盖板终凝后运至施工现场，吊装至压顶沟槽内，盖板钢筋骨架采用ɸ16钢筋加工，双层双向，间距12cm*12cm，井圈外围三角区采用ɸ10双筋加强，斜筋固定，骨架尺寸按按照下图(图4)工设计。骨架安装应与井口位置吻合，保证保护层厚度；骨架应牢固可靠，尺寸标准，混凝土浇筑时应确保盖板中心与检查井轴线重合。图4：4.水稳层施工水稳层采用4%水泥稳定碎石，摊铺碾压。5.水泥面层浇筑5minfilter:from200mLfiltrate,intoanother50mLBrowninavolumetricflask,Addhydrochloricacid(1+11)toscale,timedistributionandavoidlight.BHTstandardsolution:weighaccurately0.0500gBHT.withasmallamountofmethanoldissolved.movedintothe100mLBrownvolumetricflask.welldilutedtoscale.keepindarkplace.Permlofthissolutioncorrespondsto0.50mgBHT.BHTstandardliquid:whendrawing1.0mLBHTstandardsolution,placedin50mLBrownflask,addmethanoltoscale,andmix,keepindarkplace.Thissolutionisequivalentto10.0μgpermlgBHT.3,instrumentssteamdistillationapparatus.Glycerinebath.SPECTROphotometer.4,treatedthestepsanalyzed:weigh2g~5gsample(about0.40mgBHT)in100mLdistillationflask,add16.0gofanhydrouscalciumchloridepowderandwater10.0mL.whenGlycerinbathwhenthetemperaturereaches165°ctemperature.AlembicinGlycerinbath,connectthesteamgeneratorandcondenser.Condensertubebottomimmersedin200mLcontaining50mLalcoholbottle,distillation,distillationrate1.5perminutemL~2mL,50min~60mintocollectabout100mLdistillate(alongwiththeoriginalholdingabout150mLofmethanol,...cM1--samplesfordeterminationofBHTinquality,inmicrograms(μgg);M2--qualityofthesample,expressedingrams(g);TotalvolumeofsamplesafterV1--distillationunitsofmilliliters(mL);AbsorbthevolumeofsamplesfordeterminationofV2--.unitstomilliliters(mL)aresultmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina'smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis7\nManipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople'sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn'topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand用强度较高的垫块（如花砖、石块）在井框下起垫三个点，确保井盖中心与井口内径中心在一条垂线上，调整井框顶面标高至疏解道路路面标高，直接浇筑在混凝土面层中（对混凝土的整体性影响较小）。固定时只安装井框，易于调整；井盖连成一体的易造成井框偏移，井盖采用重型铸铁井盖，混凝土采用C30的水泥混凝土，混凝土各项指标应符合水泥混凝土路面的有关规定，坍落度不宜过大，混凝土必须振捣密实，抹压平整。7.养护采用洒水养护，养护时间不小于7天。编制：复核：签发：5minfilter:from200mLfiltrate,intoanother50mLBrowninavolumetricflask,Addhydrochloricacid(1+11)toscale,timedistributionandavoidlight.BHTstandardsolution:weighaccurately0.0500gBHT.withasmallamountofmethanoldissolved.movedintothe100mLBrownvolumetricflask.welldilutedtoscale.keepindarkplace.Permlofthissolutioncorrespondsto0.50mgBHT.BHTstandardliquid:whendrawing1.0mLBHTstandardsolution,placedin50mLBrownflask,addmethanoltoscale,andmix,keepindarkplace.Thissolutionisequivalentto10.0μgpermlgBHT.3,instrumentssteamdistillationapparatus.Glycerinebath.SPECTROphotometer.4,treatedthestepsanalyzed:weigh2g~5gsample(about0.40mgBHT)in100mLdistillationflask,add16.0gofanhydrouscalciumchloridepowderandwater10.0mL.whenGlycerinbathwhenthetemperaturereaches165°ctemperature.AlembicinGlycerinbath,connectthesteamgeneratorandcondenser.Condensertubebottomimmersedin200mLcontaining50mLalcoholbottle,distillation,distillationrate1.5perminutemL~2mL,50min~60mintocollectabout100mLdistillate(alongwiththeoriginalholdingabout150mLofmethanol,...cM1--samplesfordeterminationofBHTinquality,inmicrograms(μgg);M2--qualityofthesample,expressedingrams(g);TotalvolumeofsamplesafterV1--distillationunitsofmilliliters(mL);AbsorbthevolumeofsamplesfordeterminationofV2--.unitstomilliliters(mL)aresultmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina'smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis7