隧道三台阶七步开挖法施工技术交底Y 8页

老木岩隧道工程技术交底工程项目川黔铁路土建9标合同号单位工程名称老木岩隧道施工单位中建四局渝黔铁路土建9标项目部里程DK276+509.92交底日期2015年6月17日部位开挖交底内容：三台阶七步开挖法施工安全、技术交底一、工程概况本项目施工老木岩隧道全长398.8m，开挖方式:三台阶七步法，起止里程为DK276+900—DK277+298.835。二、施工所依据的施工规范和验收标准《铁路隧道工程施工质量验收标准》《铁路隧道施工规范》《铁路技术管理规程》《铁路工程测量规范》《客货共线铁路隧道工程施工技术指南》《老木岩隧道设计图》三、施工方法隧道三台阶七步开挖法(以下简称“三台阶七步开挖法”)是以弧形导坑开挖留核心土为基本模式，分上、中、下三个台阶七个开挖面，各部位的开挖与支护沿隧道纵向错开、平行推进的隧道施工方法。四、工艺流程施工操作流程:l上部弧形导坑环向开挖，施做拱部初期支护；2、下台阶左右错开开挖，施做墙部初期支护：3中心预留核心土开挖、隧底开挖，施做隧底初期支护。每部开挖后均应及时支护，隧底初期支护后应及时施做仰拱，尽早封闭成环。五、主要的施工工序及技术要求1、施工流程图attentiontoimprovingthequalityandefficiencyofdevelopmentandpaymoreattentiontosecurityandreformthepeople'slivelihood,morefocusonmaintainingsocialharmonyandstability,andpromotethedevelopmentoftownshipeconomyinabetterandfaster,createanewnormalXXdevelopmentandlayamoresolidfoundationforXXbuildawell-offsociety.Completedtasksthisyear,wemustalwayspayspecialattentiontotheprimarytaskofdevelopment.XXweakeconomicbase,lowlevelsofdevelopment,economicconstructionistheCenter,wehavetocreateconditionsforfastereconomicdevelopment,accumulatingmorewealth,betterpeople'slives.Effortshouldbemadetothisyear'seconomicgrowth,revenuegrowth,peoplehavemaintainedahighrateofincomegrowth,GDPgrowthofmorethan15percentrespectively.Alwaysgraspthefundamentalimpetusforreform.Wearenow"nosoldiersbehind"manyindicatorsrankedinthebottomofthecountyfromgettingbigger.Onlybygoingallouttohardwork,hardwork,innovation,reformdoesnotadapttoinstitutionalmechanisms,practices,itispossibletochangethefaceofXXpoor,intoawell-offsocietytogetherwithpeopleacrossthecountry.Wewanttobreaktheoldpatternsofthinking,methodsandorganizationofwork,bravelyandboldlyinto,makingfulluseofalltheadvantages,comprehensivereforms,tomakeallitsvitalityfordevelopmentimpulse,letfullplaytoallsourcesofwealthcreation.Shouldalwaysstability\n三台阶七步开挖法施工工艺流程图2、三台阶开挖法施工工序attentiontoimprovingthequalityandefficiencyofdevelopmentandpaymoreattentiontosecurityandreformthepeople'slivelihood,morefocusonmaintainingsocialharmonyandstability,andpromotethedevelopmentoftownshipeconomyinabetterandfaster,createanewnormalXXdevelopmentandlayamoresolidfoundationforXXbuildawell-offsociety.Completedtasksthisyear,wemustalwayspayspecialattentiontotheprimarytaskofdevelopment.XXweakeconomicbase,lowlevelsofdevelopment,economicconstructionistheCenter,wehavetocreateconditionsforfastereconomicdevelopment,accumulatingmorewealth,betterpeople'slives.Effortshouldbemadetothisyear'seconomicgrowth,revenuegrowth,peoplehavemaintainedahighrateofincomegrowth,GDPgrowthofmorethan15percentrespectively.Alwaysgraspthefundamentalimpetusforreform.Wearenow"nosoldiersbehind"manyindicatorsrankedinthebottomofthecountyfromgettingbigger.Onlybygoingallouttohardwork,hardwork,innovation,reformdoesnotadapttoinstitutionalmechanisms,practices,itispossibletochangethefaceofXXpoor,intoawell-offsocietytogetherwithpeopleacrossthecountry.Wewanttobreaktheoldpatternsofthinking,methodsandorganizationofwork,bravelyandboldlyinto,makingfulluseofalltheadvantages,comprehensivereforms,tomakeallitsvitalityfordevelopmentimpulse,letfullplaytoallsourcesofwealthcreation.Shouldalwaysstability\n三台阶七步开挖法施工工序图第一步是上台阶开挖。弧形开挖拱部，预留核心土。核心土顶部距拱顶1.6~1.8m，两侧距边墙3.0m，核心土顶部留有3.0~4.0m长的平台。根据地质情况每一次掘进1~2榀钢架间距，最长不得大于2榀钢架间距。开挖、修整至设计轮廓后立即初喷3~5cm混凝土，及时铺设钢筋网、架设拱脚以上50cm处，紧贴钢架两侧按斜向下倾角45°打设锁脚锚管，锁脚锚管于钢架采用U形钢筋牢固焊接，锚、喷至30cm厚度。第二、三步是中台阶开挖。应先开挖边墙一侧，再开挖边墙的另一侧，并错开2.0~3.0m的距离，避免上台阶的初期支护在同一位置是悬空。每侧每次开挖长度为1~2榀钢架间距，最长不得大于3榀钢架间距。开挖、修整至设计轮廓后立即初喷4cm混凝土，及时铺设钢筋网、架设钢架，在钢架墙腰以上50cm处，紧贴钢架两侧按斜向下倾角45°设锁脚锚管，锁脚锚管与钢架采用U形钢筋牢固焊接，锚、喷至30cm混凝土。第四、五步是下台阶开挖，同第二、三步中台阶开挖。第六步是开挖中部上、中、下台阶预留核心土。第七步是仰拱开挖。隧道仰拱初期支护长度4.0~6.0m，施工仰拱二衬和仰拱填充混凝土。上台阶掌子面30~40m，施做二次衬砌。3、三台阶开挖法施工要点（1）据隧道的水文地质条件，严格按设计要求做好超前支护，控制好超前支护外插角，严格按注浆工艺加固地层，防止围岩松弛，保证隧道开挖在超前支护的保护下施工，确保隧道施工安全。在断层、破碎带、浅埋段等自稳性较差或富水地层中，超前支护应按设计要求进行加强，以确保安全。attentiontoimprovingthequalityandefficiencyofdevelopmentandpaymoreattentiontosecurityandreformthepeople'slivelihood,morefocusonmaintainingsocialharmonyandstability,andpromotethedevelopmentoftownshipeconomyinabetterandfaster,createanewnormalXXdevelopmentandlayamoresolidfoundationforXXbuildawell-offsociety.Completedtasksthisyear,wemustalwayspayspecialattentiontotheprimarytaskofdevelopment.XXweakeconomicbase,lowlevelsofdevelopment,economicconstructionistheCenter,wehavetocreateconditionsforfastereconomicdevelopment,accumulatingmorewealth,betterpeople'slives.Effortshouldbemadetothisyear'seconomicgrowth,revenuegrowth,peoplehavemaintainedahighrateofincomegrowth,GDPgrowthofmorethan15percentrespectively.Alwaysgraspthefundamentalimpetusforreform.Wearenow"nosoldiersbehind"manyindicatorsrankedinthebottomofthecountyfromgettingbigger.Onlybygoingallouttohardwork,hardwork,innovation,reformdoesnotadapttoinstitutionalmechanisms,practices,itispossibletochangethefaceofXXpoor,intoawell-offsocietytogetherwithpeopleacrossthecountry.Wewanttobreaktheoldpatternsofthinking,methodsandorganizationofwork,bravelyandboldlyinto,makingfulluseofalltheadvantages,comprehensivereforms,tomakeallitsvitalityfordevelopmentimpulse,letfullplaytoallsourcesofwealthcreation.Shouldalwaysstability\n（2）导坑应沿开挖轮廓线环向开挖，预留核心土，以人工开挖为主，机械开挖为辅，人工配合挖掘机从台阶上向下刨土。开挖后应及时支护；其他各分部平行开挖，平行施作初期支护，各分部初期支护衔接紧密，及时封闭成环；临时仰拱紧跟下台阶，及时闭合构成稳固的支护体系。（3）过程通过变形监控量测，掌握围岩和支护的变形情况，及时指导调整支护参数和预留变形量，保证施工安全；（4）三台阶七步开挖法施工应做好工序衔接。工序安排应紧凑，尽量减少围岩暴露时间，避免因长时间暴露引起围岩失稳。（5）超前施作仰拱，仰拱距上台阶开挖工作面宜控制在40m左右。铺设防水板、二次衬砌等后续工作应及时进行。（6）衬砌距仰拱保持2倍以上衬砌循环作业长度，但不得大于40m。上部弧形导坑开挖，施作初期支护开挖上、中、下台阶预留的核心土左右错开开挖中台阶，施作初期支护左右错开开挖下台阶，施作初期支护超前支护测量放样施作砼仰拱施作仰拱填充围岩稳定性评判修正支护参数分段开挖隧底，施做临时仰拱断面检查满6（7）留足作业空间和台阶稳定的前提下，尽量缩短台阶长度，核心土长度应控制在3～5m，宽度为隧道开挖宽度的1/3～1/2。（8）三台阶七步开挖法施工应严格控制开挖长度，根据隧道围岩地质情况，合理确定循环进尺，每次开挖长度一般为0.6～0.8m；开挖后立即初喷3～5cm混凝土，以减少围岩暴露时间。（9）周边部位预留30cm人工开挖，其余部位采用机械开挖，中、下台阶左、右侧开挖应错开，严禁对开，左右侧错开距离宜为2～3m。attentiontoimprovingthequalityandefficiencyofdevelopmentandpaymoreattentiontosecurityandreformthepeople'slivelihood,morefocusonmaintainingsocialharmonyandstability,andpromotethedevelopmentoftownshipeconomyinabetterandfaster,createanewnormalXXdevelopmentandlayamoresolidfoundationforXXbuildawell-offsociety.Completedtasksthisyear,wemustalwayspayspecialattentiontotheprimarytaskofdevelopment.XXweakeconomicbase,lowlevelsofdevelopment,economicconstructionistheCenter,wehavetocreateconditionsforfastereconomicdevelopment,accumulatingmorewealth,betterpeople'slives.Effortshouldbemadetothisyear'seconomicgrowth,revenuegrowth,peoplehavemaintainedahighrateofincomegrowth,GDPgrowthofmorethan15percentrespectively.Alwaysgraspthefundamentalimpetusforreform.Wearenow"nosoldiersbehind"manyindicatorsrankedinthebottomofthecountyfromgettingbigger.Onlybygoingallouttohardwork,hardwork,innovation,reformdoesnotadapttoinstitutionalmechanisms,practices,itispossibletochangethefaceofXXpoor,intoawell-offsocietytogetherwithpeopleacrossthecountry.Wewanttobreaktheoldpatternsofthinking,methodsandorganizationofwork,bravelyandboldlyinto,makingfulluseofalltheadvantages,comprehensivereforms,tomakeallitsvitalityfordevelopmentimpulse,letfullplaytoallsourcesofwealthcreation.Shouldalwaysstability\n（10）严格按设计及规范要求加工制作和架设。钢架应架设在坚实基面上，并加垫槽钢，严禁拱（墙）脚悬空或采用虚土回填。钢架应与锁脚锚杆焊接牢固。（11）超挖部位必须回填密实，严禁初期支护背后存在空洞。必要时初期支护背后应进行充填注浆，保证初期支护与围岩密贴。（12）洞内临时排水应通畅，严禁积水浸泡拱（墙）脚及在施工现场漫流，防止基底承载力降低。当地层含水量大时，在上台阶开挖工作面附近开挖横向水沟，将水引至隧道两侧排水沟排出洞外。反坡施工时，设置集水坑将水集中抽排。六、质量保证措施1、严格施工质量管理，重点加强成孔质量、灌浆质量、挂网质量和喷射混凝土质量，实行当班作业人员自检、互检，设质检员负责专检。2、加强原材料质量检查，合格后方可使用。3、严格按有关施工规范和验收规程操作。4、施工时设专职安全员，严格执行有关安全法规和安全操作规程。5、对重点施工工序和重点部位，要由有经验的施工人员组成施工班组来完成，不得随意换人。6、按要求搞好养护、送检，对钢材、焊件、地材，按规范要求进行现场抽样检验，确保材料合格使用。七、安全环保措施1.建立安全管理体系，要加强对施工人员的安全意识教育，使每个职工牢固树立“安全第一”attentiontoimprovingthequalityandefficiencyofdevelopmentandpaymoreattentiontosecurityandreformthepeople'slivelihood,morefocusonmaintainingsocialharmonyandstability,andpromotethedevelopmentoftownshipeconomyinabetterandfaster,createanewnormalXXdevelopmentandlayamoresolidfoundationforXXbuildawell-offsociety.Completedtasksthisyear,wemustalwayspayspecialattentiontotheprimarytaskofdevelopment.XXweakeconomicbase,lowlevelsofdevelopment,economicconstructionistheCenter,wehavetocreateconditionsforfastereconomicdevelopment,accumulatingmorewealth,betterpeople'slives.Effortshouldbemadetothisyear'seconomicgrowth,revenuegrowth,peoplehavemaintainedahighrateofincomegrowth,GDPgrowthofmorethan15percentrespectively.Alwaysgraspthefundamentalimpetusforreform.Wearenow"nosoldiersbehind"manyindicatorsrankedinthebottomofthecountyfromgettingbigger.Onlybygoingallouttohardwork,hardwork,innovation,reformdoesnotadapttoinstitutionalmechanisms,practices,itispossibletochangethefaceofXXpoor,intoawell-offsocietytogetherwithpeopleacrossthecountry.Wewanttobreaktheoldpatternsofthinking,methodsandorganizationofwork,bravelyandboldlyinto,makingfulluseofalltheadvantages,comprehensivereforms,tomakeallitsvitalityfordevelopmentimpulse,letfullplaytoallsourcesofwealthcreation.Shouldalwaysstability\n的观念工人正确使用机械设备、各种工、器具、安全防护设施及个人防护用品负责。对设备、机具的安全防护设施齐全、有效负责，并经常检查设施运行情况，及时消除不安全隐患或采取临时措施。对新工人和调换岗位的职工负责安排专人负责其安全。设置安全员、负责现场安全施工，施工前对施工人员进行安全技术交底，施工中应进行定期和不定期安全检查。2.施工人员进入现场必须佩带安全帽，戴安全帽必须系带，穿好工作鞋、工作服，工作服必须三紧（袖口、领口、腰口）；高空作业（高度2米以上）人员必须穿防滑鞋、系好安全带，安全带必须挂在牢固的地方，应高挂低用。对需加强安全防护的地方设立安全标志。3.施工人员上岗必须穿戴整齐，妥善保管和正确使用各种劳动保护用品，严格遵守操作规程精心操作，严格执行工艺要求和操作纪律，并及时作好各项记录，交班者要为接班者创造良好的环境和各项规章制度，做到工完场清，做好文明生产工作。4.对电器系统专人负责，持证上岗，对施工现场所用机械必须严格执行安全用电制度，现场由专人负责各种机电设备，施工机械必须做到“一机一闸一漏电开关”。5.施工用电电缆严禁放在泥水中，过路电缆必须架离地面或挖沟埋设，埋设深度不得小于0.5米，电缆接头必须包扎好，剩余电缆应悬挂在支架或盘放在干燥的地面上。6.配电箱、开关箱必须有防风、防雨措施，严禁用铁丝、铜丝代替保险丝，配电箱必须有门，箱内严禁放任何东西。箱内外闸刀开关、按纽必须有名称标识。7.严格执行“三工制度”，做到工前交底，工中检查。8.设专职机械检修人员，对施工机械定期进行安全检查，发现问题及时整改，防患于未然。9.严禁非操作人员进入施工现场，并严格执行施工现场安全用电规范。10.注浆、喷射砼工人作业时，必须戴防护眼镜，以防因高压喷射造成的人身伤害。attentiontoimprovingthequalityandefficiencyofdevelopmentandpaymoreattentiontosecurityandreformthepeople'slivelihood,morefocusonmaintainingsocialharmonyandstability,andpromotethedevelopmentoftownshipeconomyinabetterandfaster,createanewnormalXXdevelopmentandlayamoresolidfoundationforXXbuildawell-offsociety.Completedtasksthisyear,wemustalwayspayspecialattentiontotheprimarytaskofdevelopment.XXweakeconomicbase,lowlevelsofdevelopment,economicconstructionistheCenter,wehavetocreateconditionsforfastereconomicdevelopment,accumulatingmorewealth,betterpeople'slives.Effortshouldbemadetothisyear'seconomicgrowth,revenuegrowth,peoplehavemaintainedahighrateofincomegrowth,GDPgrowthofmorethan15percentrespectively.Alwaysgraspthefundamentalimpetusforreform.Wearenow"nosoldiersbehind"manyindicatorsrankedinthebottomofthecountyfromgettingbigger.Onlybygoingallouttohardwork,hardwork,innovation,reformdoesnotadapttoinstitutionalmechanisms,practices,itispossibletochangethefaceofXXpoor,intoawell-offsocietytogetherwithpeopleacrossthecountry.Wewanttobreaktheoldpatternsofthinking,methodsandorganizationofwork,bravelyandboldlyinto,makingfulluseofalltheadvantages,comprehensivereforms,tomakeallitsvitalityfordevelopmentimpulse,letfullplaytoallsourcesofwealthcreation.Shouldalwaysstability\n11.在需要搭接脚手架的施工部位，脚手架应搭接牢靠、稳固，以防止倒塌伤人。12.开挖外排的弃砟必须排至设计给定的弃砟场，禁止乱排乱放。八、合理工效（工期）九、主要的质量记录表格及施工图纸交底接受人attentiontoimprovingthequalityandefficiencyofdevelopmentandpaymoreattentiontosecurityandreformthepeople'slivelihood,morefocusonmaintainingsocialharmonyandstability,andpromotethedevelopmentoftownshipeconomyinabetterandfaster,createanewnormalXXdevelopmentandlayamoresolidfoundationforXXbuildawell-offsociety.Completedtasksthisyear,wemustalwayspayspecialattentiontotheprimarytaskofdevelopment.XXweakeconomicbase,lowlevelsofdevelopment,economicconstructionistheCenter,wehavetocreateconditionsforfastereconomicdevelopment,accumulatingmorewealth,betterpeople'slives.Effortshouldbemadetothisyear'seconomicgrowth,revenuegrowth,peoplehavemaintainedahighrateofincomegrowth,GDPgrowthofmorethan15percentrespectively.Alwaysgraspthefundamentalimpetusforreform.Wearenow"nosoldiersbehind"manyindicatorsrankedinthebottomofthecountyfromgettingbigger.Onlybygoingallouttohardwork,hardwork,innovation,reformdoesnotadapttoinstitutionalmechanisms,practices,itispossibletochangethefaceofXXpoor,intoawell-offsocietytogetherwithpeopleacrossthecountry.Wewanttobreaktheoldpatternsofthinking,methodsandorganizationofwork,bravelyandboldlyinto,makingfulluseofalltheadvantages,comprehensivereforms,tomakeallitsvitalityfordevelopmentimpulse,letfullplaytoallsourcesofwealthcreation.Shouldalwaysstability\n交底人技术主管审核人工程部长批准人总工程师说明：1、技术交底要要根据批准的施工组织设计或专项方案编制、要细致全面，讲求实效，不能流于形式，要交到基层施工班组。2、施工技术交底后应形成技术交底纪要，并附必要的图表。参加技术交底人员应签字确认，技术交底要交到项目主管副经理、领工员、工班长、现场职工、协作队伍所有相关参与人员，并加盖项目技术部门公章后生效。3、施工技术交底纪要应累计留存编号，装订成册，由技术部门负责保存，工程竣工时纳入工程档案。4、当设计发生变更、方案重大改变时，需对施工技术交底等进行重新编制。5、当施工方案进行优化、调整时，需对相应技术交底进行重新编制或补充交底。6、当原施工技术交底在执行过程中，部分安全、质量、环保措施关键点得不到很好的执行，需对相应部分编制专项强调性补充交底进行再次交底。7、当原技术交底在执行过程中发现有漏项、部分表述不详细或现场约束条件改变使工序施工要点有所调整时，需进行补充交底或重新交底。8、本交底只作为参考，交底基本内容格式按此交底执行，在实际现场施工中交底内容可根据所属工程具体情况进行修改。attentiontoimprovingthequalityandefficiencyofdevelopmentandpaymoreattentiontosecurityandreformthepeople'slivelihood,morefocusonmaintainingsocialharmonyandstability,andpromotethedevelopmentoftownshipeconomyinabetterandfaster,createanewnormalXXdevelopmentandlayamoresolidfoundationforXXbuildawell-offsociety.Completedtasksthisyear,wemustalwayspayspecialattentiontotheprimarytaskofdevelopment.XXweakeconomicbase,lowlevelsofdevelopment,economicconstructionistheCenter,wehavetocreateconditionsforfastereconomicdevelopment,accumulatingmorewealth,betterpeople'slives.Effortshouldbemadetothisyear'seconomicgrowth,revenuegrowth,peoplehavemaintainedahighrateofincomegrowth,GDPgrowthofmorethan15percentrespectively.Alwaysgraspthefundamentalimpetusforreform.Wearenow"nosoldiersbehind"manyindicatorsrankedinthebottomofthecountyfromgettingbigger.Onlybygoingallouttohardwork,hardwork,innovation,reformdoesnotadapttoinstitutionalmechanisms,practices,itispossibletochangethefaceofXXpoor,intoawell-offsocietytogetherwithpeopleacrossthecountry.Wewanttobreaktheoldpatternsofthinking,methodsandorganizationofwork,bravelyandboldlyinto,makingfulluseofalltheadvantages,comprehensivereforms,tomakeallitsvitalityfordevelopmentimpulse,letfullplaytoallsourcesofwealthcreation.Shouldalwaysstability