第三版新视野大学英语读写教程1unit1-unit6答案全.docx 16页

'Unit11.选词填空explore(v.勘探，探测)transmit(v.传送，传递，传播)resource(n.资源)emerge(v.出现，为···所公认)yield(v.产生，出产，屈从，让步)pose(v.摆姿势，导致)assume(v.认为，假定，假设)confidence(n.信任信赖，自信心)inherit(v.沿袭，秉承，继承)comprehensive(a.综合的，多方面的)1.Giventhechancetoshowhisability,heregainedconfidenceandbegantosucceedinschool.2.Itissodifficulttoexplorethebottomoftheoceanbecausesomepartsareverydeep.3.Itwasabout30secondsbeforeAlexemergedfromthewater;wewerequitescared.4.Weoftenassumethatwhenotherpeopledothesamethingsaswedo,theydothemforthesamereasons;butthisassumptionisnotalwaysreasonable.5.Thereiswidespreadconcernthattherisingunemploymentmayposeathreattosocialstability.6.Aftera(n)comprehensivephysicalexam,mydoctorsaidIwasingoodconditionexceptthatmybloodpressurewasalittlehigh.7.ItiswellknownthatChinaisacountrywithrichnaturalresourcesandaverybigpopulation.8.Somepeoplebelievethattheearthcanyieldenoughfoodtosupportatleasttwiceitspresentpopulation.9.Saminheritedthegiftofimaginationfromhisfamily,buthelackedthedrivingpowertotakeaction.10.Abeethathasfoundhoneyisabletotransmittootherbeestheinformationtheyneedinordertocollectthehoney.2.15选10attain赢得，获得，得到fascinating迷人的，吸引人fulfill履行，执行pursue追求，致力于available可获得的可利用的qualify使合适，合格raise提升，增加passion强烈的爱好，热爱virtually实际上classify分类归类acquire获得，取得，学到fashionable流行的especially特别的sample样品，标本prosperous繁荣的Universitystudentscomefromdifferentpartsofthecountrywithvariouspurposes.However,acloserlookattheirreasonsforstudyingattheuniversitywillenableusto(1)classifythemroughlyintothreegroups:thosewhohavea(n)(2)passionforlearning,thosewhowishto(3)attainabrightfuture,andthosewholearnwithnodefinitepurpose.Firstly,therearemanystudentswholearnsimplybecausethey(4)pursuetheirgoaloflearning.SomereadawealthofBritishandAmericannovelsbecausetheyarekeenlyinterestedinliterature.Otherssitinfrontofthecomputerscreen,workingonanewprogram,(5)virtuallydayandnight,becausetheyfindsomecomputerprograms(6)fascinating,andtheydreamofbecominga"BillGates"oneday.Secondly,therearestudentswhoworkhardmainlyforabetterandmore(7)prosperousfuture.Itseemsthatthemajorityofstudentsfallintothisgroup.Afteradmissiontotheuniversity,theyreadbooksafterbooksto(8)acquireknowledgefromalloftheresourceswhichare(9)availabletothem,andfinally,tosucceedinthefuturejobmarket.Thirdly,therearestillsomestudentswholearnwithoutacleargoal.Theytakecourses,finishhomework,enjoylifeoncampus,butdon"twantto(10)sampleanythingnew16 orchallenging.Theyhavenoideawhattheywillbedoingaftercollege.Andtheymayendupwithnothingintheirlives.3.选词组openthedoorto给···以机会inadvance预先，提前allatonce同时，一下子reapthebenefits(of)得享（某事物）的好处makethemostof最大限度的利用某物overtime逐渐地，慢慢地getby过活，活的去standachance(of)有（做成某事）的希望remind...of使某人想起takepleasurein乐于做某事1.Myfamilygotbyonmyfather"sunemploymentbenefitafterhelosthisjob.2.Manysubwayridersreadbooksorlistentomusicinordertomakethemostoftheirtimeonthewaytowork.3.Inordertomakesurehewouldbeabletoattendthemeeting,Icalledhimuptwoweeksinadvance.4.Expertssayourcompanyisamazinginthatsaleshavebeenincreasingsteadilyovertime.5.Inordertoreapthebenefitsofthephysicalexercise,youhavetoexerciseregularly,andforatleasthalfanhoureachtime.6.Theyalltriedtotalkallatonce,butIcouldn"thearanythingtheysaid.7.Yellowflowersinthefieldalwaysremindmeofmychildhoodinthecountryside.8.Wehavebeenpracticingforsolongandsohardthatourteamshouldstandachanceofwinningthegame.9.Researchongeneswillopenthedoortoexcitingnewmedicaltreatments.10.EveryoneofyouhasmadeacontributionandItakepleasureinacknowledgingwhateachofyouhasdonetomakethisacademicconventionsuchasuccess.4.翻译Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals (基础) of modern Western philosophy. He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato. Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics. His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology (认识论) and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. His fame was widespread in his own time, and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect (宗派). 苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。他是一个谜16 一般的人物，人们主要通过后来的一些古典作家的叙述，尤其是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。苏格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法，即通过提问和回答来激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。他还在认识论和逻辑领域作出了重大而深远的贡献。他的思想和方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的坚实基础。苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。他在他那个时代已威名远扬。虽然他未曾建立什么哲学体系，未曾设立什么学派，也未曾创立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。  孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的"圣人"（sage）。他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》（TheAnalects）一书中。《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。在21世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。ConfuciuswasagreatthinkerandeducatorinChinesehistory.HewasthefounderofConfucianismandwasrespectfullyreferredtoasanancient"sage".HiswordsandlifestorywererecordedinTheAnalects.AnenduringclassicofancientChineseculture,TheAnalectshashadagreatinfluenceonthethinkers,writers,andstatesmenthatcameafterConfucius.Withoutstudyingthisbook,onecouldhardlytrulyunderstandthethousands-of-years"traditionalChineseculture.MuchofConfucius"thought,especiallyhisthoughtoneducation,hashadaprofoundinfluenceonChinesesociety.Inthe21stcentury,ConfucianthoughtnotonlyretainstheattentionoftheChinese,butitalsowinsanincreasingattentionfromtheinternationalcommunity.Unit21.选词填空embarrass（使尴尬，使窘迫）polish（擦光，擦亮，修改，上润光剂）emotional（情绪上的，情感上的）efficiency（效率，效能）curb（控制。抑制）await（等待）donation（捐助）dump（丢弃，扔掉）stuff（装满，填满）historical有关历史的1.Hehasaspecialfeelingforthebrilliantbirds,andeachspringheeagerlyawaitstheirreturn.2.Thankstotheefficiencyofairtransport,everyoneisfreetogoanywhereatanytime.3.Johnbelievesthatthedonationoffoodtothehungryismorehelpfulthangivingmoney.4.Marywasacarefulspeaker;everywordseemedtohavebeenpolishedbeforeitwasallowedtoescapethroughherlips.5.Whenshehearditwassnowinginthecitytheyweregoingto,shestuffedtwomoresweatersintoherbag.6.DuringourstayinEuropewevisitedmanyplacesofhistoricalinterest,includingseveralcastles.7.Theweddingceremonyofmysisterwasaveryemotionalexperienceforourfamily.8.Hewasembarrassdwhenhediscoveredthathedidn"thaveenoughmoneytopayfortheredwinehehadordered.9.Thelocalgovernmentispressedtofindnewplacestowaste.10.Thenewsystemdesignedtodumpharmfulemissions(排放物)fromfactorieswillbeputintousesoon.10.Thenewsystemdesignedtocurbharmfulemissions(排放物)fromfactorieswillbeputintousesoon.2.15选10emotional令人动情的，感情脆弱的romantic浪漫的多情的空想的16 ridiculous可笑的，荒谬的overwhelmed淹没压倒embarrassment窘迫，难堪appreciate感激欣赏增值curious好奇的awkwardness笨拙粗略难为情cultivate耕作种植reverse反转颠倒parental父母的亲本的therefore因此，所以reduce减少缩小beloved被热爱的，亲爱的otherwise否则另外Parentsandteenagershavedifferentorevenoppositethingstoworryabout.Forexample,whileamothermighthaveahardtimeunderstandingwhyherteenagers"roomisalwaysa(n)(1)embarrassmentofdirtystuff,theteenagersaremoreworriedabouttheirnextexamsandmaythinkitis(2)ridiculousfortheirmothertoinsistonkeepingacleanroom.Itisthereforeimportantforyouto(3)appreciatethedifferencesandlearntocommunicatewithyourteenagersproperly.(4)otherwise,yourteenagersmaysaynothingandshutyououtoftheirpersonallives.Theirrefusaltotalkwithyoumayevencreate(5)emotionalstressinyourlife.Learningeffectivewaystocommunicatecan(6)reversethesituationofadifficultrelationship,(7)reducethestressofyourlife,andleadtoafriendlyrelationshipwithyourteenagers.First,youshouldlearntodiscussseriousproblemsindailyconversations.So,importanttopics,suchasdrivingavehicleandbuildinga(n)(8)romanticrelationship,couldbedealtwiththroughdailyconversations.Second,learntobeanactivelistener.Manyparentsareso(9)overwhelmedwiththeirworkthattheycouldhardlytakesometimefortheir(10)belovedchildren.Spendyourtimelisteningcarefullytowhatyourchildrenliketotalkabout,andmakesureyourchildrenfeeltheyarebeingtakenseriously.Thiswillincreasethechancesofgoodcommunication.3.选词组makeit获得成功，准时到达withopenarms热烈地，欣然stripoff揭开去掉脱掉keepback抑制，控制，隐瞒freeof/from无···拜托了···的afterall毕竟终究straightenup直起身，把···弄整洁throwaway扔掉丢弃1.After10yearsoffull-timetraining,shehasfinallymakeitasaprofessionaldancer.2.Afterall,whatisthepointintakingpartinthecompetitiveeventiftheresultisonlytoprovehowincompetentyouare?3.Redecoratingthehouseisachallengingtask.It"snecessarytostripoffthewallpaperfirst.4.Ineverreallyhadanyproblemswithchange.Onthecontrary,Iwelcomechangewithopenarms.5.Alotofwhatwethrowawayismadefromrawmaterialswhicharenotrenewable.6.MeganandJohnrealizedthattheirhousewastoomessyforanewbaby,sotheydecidedtostraightenuptheirhousebeforethebabywasborn.7.Jennifercouldn"tkeepbackhertearswhenshesawthesickchildrenatanewbloodcancercenterinVirginia.8.Wewanttogiveallchildrenaworldfreeof/fromviolence.4.翻译Christmasisawidelyobservedculturalholiday,celebratedonDecember25bymillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Itcommemorates(纪念)thebirthofJesusChrist.Thefestivaldatedfromasearlyas336AD.Graduallyitevolvedintoareligiousaswellassecular(非宗教的)16 celebration,celebratedbyanincreasingnumberofnon-Christians.TodayChristmasisobservedasanimportantfestivalandpublicholidayaroundtheworld.Christmascustomsdifferindifferentcountries.PopularmoderncustomsoftheholidayincludeanexchangeofChristmascardsandgifts,Christmassinging,churchattendance,thedisplayofvariousChristmasdecorationsandtrees,familygatherings,andaspecialmealpreparation.Tosmallchildren,thefestivalisfulloffantasyandsurprise.Legend(传说)hasitthatSantaClauswillentereachhousethroughthechimneyandbringgiftstowell-behavedchildrenonChristmasEve.Becausegift-givingandmanyotheraspectsoftheChristmasfestivalheighteneconomicactivityamongbothChristiansandnon-Christians,theholidayhasalsobecomeasignificanteventandakeysalesperiodforbusinesses.圣诞节是一个被广泛庆祝的文化节日，全世界有许许多多的人在12月25日庆祝这一节日。它是为了纪念耶稣基督的诞辰。该节日最早可追溯到公元336年。渐渐地，这一节日演变为一个既是宗教又是非宗教的节日，越来越多的非基督徒也庆祝圣诞节。如今，圣诞节在全球被作为一个重大的节日和公共假日来庆祝。不同国家的圣诞节风俗也各不相同。现代流行的圣诞接风俗包括交换圣诞贺卡和圣诞礼物、唱圣诞歌曲、参加教堂活动、摆放各种圣诞装饰品和圣诞树、举行家庭聚会以及准备一顿特别的大餐。对小孩子们来说，这个节日充满了幻想和惊喜。据传说，圣诞老人会在圣诞夜从烟囱进入每户人家，给乖巧听话的孩子带来礼物。由于圣诞节送礼物以及许多其他方面推动了基督徒和非基督徒的经济活动，圣诞节也因此成为商家的一个重大活动和主要销售季。每年农历（Chineselunarcalendar）八月十五是我国的传统节日——中秋节（theMid-AutumnFestival）。这时是一年秋季的中期，所以被称为中秋。中秋节的一项重要活动是赏月。夜晚，人们赏明月、吃月饼，共庆中秋佳节。中秋节也是家庭团圆的时刻，远在他乡的游子，会借此寄托自己对故乡和亲人的思念之情。中秋节的习俗很多，都寄托着人们对美好生活的热爱和向往。自2008年起，中秋节成为中国的法定节假日。AccordingtotheChineselunarcalendar,August15ofeveryyearisatraditionalChinesefestival—theMid-AutumnFestival.Thisdayisthemiddleofautumn,soitiscalledMid-Autumn.OneoftheimportantMid-AutumnFestivalactivitiesistoenjoythemoon.Onthatnight,peoplegathertogethertocelebratetheMid-AutumnFestival,lookingupatthebrightmoonandeatingmooncakes.Thefestivalisalsoatimeforfamilyreunion.Peoplelivingfarawayfromhomewillexpresstheirfeelingsofmissingtheirhometownsandfamiliesatthisfestival.Therearemanycustomstocelebratethefestival,allexpressingpeople"sloveandhopeforahappylife.Since2008,theMid-AutumnFestivalhasbecomeanofficialnationalholidayinChina.Unit31.选词填空response反应，响应transform使改观，使变形focus焦点重点，集中于···analyze分析，剖析estimate估计，估算competitive竞争性强的，有竞争力的compensate补偿，弥补adopt采用采纳收养typical典型的有代表的regulate调整校准调节1.Tomakeourcompaniescompetitiveinthemarket,wehavetobemorecreativeandproductive.2.Peoplearebeginningtorealizethattotransformnatureatwillisthebiggestmistakethatmanhasevermade.16 3.Itisdifficulttoconcludewhata(n)typicalstudentdoesinhissparetimebecauseeverystudenthasdifferentinterests.4.AmonthagoIwrotetothestorecomplainingaboutitsbadservice,butIhaven"tgottena(n)responseyet.5.Someofyoursuggestionshavebeenadopted,butothershavebeenturneddownastheyarenotworkable.6.Allofasudden,helosthisinterestinengineering,andfocusedhisattentiononlearningaforeignlanguage.7.Ifacompanydecreaseshealthbenefitsforitsemployees,theyshouldincreasesalariestocompensatetheworkers.8.IfailedtopasstheexamalthoughIhadworkedveryhard.Ishouldanalyzethecausesofmyfailure.9.Whenyoudoyoga,trytoregulateyourbreathing.Don"tbreathetoofastandmakesureyoubreatheonlythroughyournose.10.Itwasdifficulttoestimatehowmanypeoplehadbeenwoundedintheearthquake.2.15选10complex复杂的access享用权，享用机会preferred提出，提升require要求undergraduate大学生大学的accountable可解释的可说明的acquire获得得到tranmits传输传送indispensable不可或缺的creativity创造性，创造力referred提及，针对seeks寻找，追求post邮件，张贴，快速行进connectivity连通性transform改变改观Therehavebeenincreaseddemandsforhighereducationtoprovidestudentswithbettercoursesandmoreopportunities.Todealwiththis(1)complexissue,collegesanduniversitiesareturningtotheInternetforquick(2)accesstoitsricheducationalresources.NowtheInternethasbeenacceptedasthe(3)preferredtechnologytomanyothermethodsincollegesanduniversities.Manyteachersnowroutinely(4)posttheirteachingmaterialsonline.Agrowingnumberofschoolsofferatleastsome(5)coursesovertheInternet.TherearetwodifferentmodelsofmakinguseoftheInternetforhighereducation.Thefirstmodel(6)undergraduatetoimproveexistingcoursesbyusingtheInternet.Thismodelprovideshigh-speedInternet(7)connectivitytoallstudents,faculty,andstaff.WhilethismodelusestheInternet,itdoesn"t(8)requiremanychanges,anditkeepsmostexistinginstitutionalstructuresunchanged.Adifferent,morerevolutionarymodelregardstheInternetas(9)indispensabletoanimportantchangeinhighereducation,foritisbelievedthattheInternetcan(10)transformteacher-centeredinstructionintostudent-centeredlearning.This,asaresult,willbringaboutbasicchangetoouruniversityeducation.3.选词组keepupwith保持，同步，和朋友保持联系setup建立设立创立fireoff开枪，匆忙发出takethelead树立榜样，带头addto增加，增添standout显眼，突出，出色inlargepart多半，在很大程度上visitwith叙谈闲谈accountfor占据，是···的原因，解释atadisadvantage处于不利地位的1.IfiredoffaletterofcomplainttothemanagerofthestoreassoonasIfoundthey16 hadsoldmeapairofmismatchedshoes.2.PeoplebrowsetheInternet,readnewspapersandwatchTVtokeepupwithwhatishappeningintheworld.3.Theuniversityhassetupanotherlargelaboratoryforstudentstodesignmorecomplicatedrobots.4.Ifinditverydifficulttoaccountforthefactthattwoofourbeststudentsfailedtheexam.5.Inthecurrenteconomy,withunemploymenthighandcompetitionforjobsfierce,yourresumeneedstostandoutforalltherightreasons.6.SheisgettingpopularsincesheappearedinaTVinterviewlastmonth.Hernewmoviewillnodoubtaddtohergrowingfame.7.Thedevelopedcountriesshouldtaketheleadinreducinggreenhousegasemissions(排放)andprovidesupportforthedevelopingnationstofollow.8.IfyourspokenEnglishisnotverygood,thenyoumaybeatadisadvantagewhenyouarelookingforajob.9.Theirsuccesswasdueinlargeparttotheirwell-conceived(周密策划的)plan.10.Hehasbeensooccupiedwithhisworkthesedaysthathebarelyhastimetovisitwithhisfriends.4.翻译The London Underground is a rapid transit (交通运输系统) system in the United Kingdom, serving a large part of Greater London. The underground system is also known as the Tube, due to the characteristic shape of the subway tunnels. It all started in the mid-1800s. The Tube was the world"s first underground train system, with the first section opening in 1863. Since then ithasgrowntoanundergroundmasterpiece(杰作)of12lines,275stations,andover250milesofrailtrack,45%ofwhichisunderground.Itisthefourthlargestmetrosystemintheworldintermsofroutemiles.Italsohasoneofthelargestnumbersofstations.AsanaffordableandeasywaytogetaroundLondon,theTuberemainsthefirstchoiceformillionsofcommuterseachday,aswellastouristsvisitingthecityonholidays.TheTubehasbeenaninternationaliconforLondon.TheLondonUndergroundcelebratedits150yearsofoperationin2013,withvariouseventsmarkingthemilestone(里程碑).伦敦地铁是英国的一个快速交通运输系统，服务于大伦敦的大部分地区。地铁系统因其地铁隧道的典型形状也被称为地下管道。伦敦地铁始建于19世纪中期，是世界上最早的地下铁路系统。它的第一段地铁于1863年开始运营。自此，伦敦地铁不断延伸，发展成为一个包括12条线路、275个车站、铁轨总长超过250英里的地铁杰作，其中有45%在地下运行。就路线长度而言，它是世界上第四大地铁系统，也是车站数量最多的地铁系统之一。作为一个走遍伦敦的经济便捷的途径，伦敦地铁一向是每天数百万通勤者以及在节假日游历伦敦的游客的首选。伦敦地铁已成为伦敦的一个国际标志。2013年伦敦举办了各种各样的活动，庆祝地铁运营150周年，纪念这一里程碑。中国航天业开创于1956年。几十年来，中国航天事业创造了一个又一个奇迹。1970年，中国成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为世界上第五个独立自主研制和发射人造地球卫星的国家。1992年，中国开始实施载人航天飞行工程（mannedspaceflight16 program）。2003年，中国成功发射了"神舟五号"载人飞船，使中国成为第三个发射载人飞船的国家。2007年发射了"嫦娥一号"，即第一颗绕月球飞行（lunar-orbiting）的人造卫星。2013年，第五艘载人飞船"神舟十号"发射成功，为中国空间站的建设打下了基础。China"sspaceindustrywaslaunchedin1956.Overthepastdecades,China"sspaceindustryhascreatedonemiracleafteranother.In1970Chinalauncheditsfirstman-madeearthsatellite,rankingChinathefifthcountryintheworldtoindependentlydevelopandlaunchman-madeearthsatellites.In1992Chinabegantocarryoutthemannedspaceflightprogram.In2003ChinalaunchedShenzhou-5,amannedspaceship.ThesuccessfullaunchmadeChinathethirdcountrytolaunchmannedspaceships.In2007Chang"e-1,thefirstlunar-orbitingman-madesatellite,wassenttospace.In2013Shenzhou-10,thefifthmannedspaceship,waslaunchedsuccessfully,layingthefoundationforbuildingtheChineseSpaceStation.Unit41.选词填空Subsequent后来的，随后的distinct明显的，清楚的Intense热烈的，强烈的respond回答，响应Advocate提倡，拥护involve包含，使参与Confine限制，局限于，禁制fulfill履行，执行Circumstance环境，境遇reconcile使和好1.Fortunately,theaccidentdidn"tinvolvemanypeople,fortherewaslittletrafficatthathour.2.Shefulfilledherambitionofbecomingafashiondesignerafteryearsofhardwork.3.Theykeptontryingtheirbesttodeveloptheirbusiness,butinsuchintensemarketcompetition,theyhadnoideaifsuccesswouldcomealongoneday.4.Asmusicplaysanimportantroleinourlife,manymusicteachersandeducatorsadvocatetakingupamusicalinstrumentatayoungage.5.Thisruleshouldbeentirelyclearinthemindsofeveryoneandshouldnotbemisunderstoodunderanycircumstances.6.Mydaughterwasshy;shewasafraidtoaskquestions,respondtoquestionsinclass,ortalkwithotherchildren.7.Igotfromhimonlyaletter,whichwasputonmyofficedesk;subsequenttothereceiptofthisletterIhaveneverheardfromhim.8.Thedutiestoprovideservicesforchildreninneedarenotconfinetothelocalsocialservicesdepartment.9.Wepraythatallnationsbereconciledandthatallpeoplearoundtheworldliveinpeace.10.Hesuggestedasmallbutdistinctimprovementonourformerplan;Ireallyappreciateit.2.15选10involve包含，使参与remarkable异常的，引人注目的focusing调焦，集中showered似雨般降落intense热情的applying应用，致力于pushed推，推动commitment承诺，许诺tragedy悲剧，惨剧advocate提倡，拥护hailed下冰雹tender纤弱的，温柔的16 fulfillment完成，实现InJanuary2011,DanielHernandezsavedcongresswomanGabrielleGiffords"lifeinamassshootinginTucson.Hekeptheraliveby(1)applyingpressuretoherwoundsandspeaking(2)tenderwordsofsympathyuntilmedicalpeoplearrived.Hewas(3)hailedasaherobythepublic.Althoughhisdevotiontopublicserviceis(4)remarkable,inhisbookTheyCallMeaHero:AMemoirofMyYouth,Hernandezinsiststhatheisnotahero.Hernandezsaidthatheinitiallyresistedtheideaofwritingabookabouthisexperienceonthatdayofenormous(5)tragedy."Ihadbeen(6)pushedbyafewpublishersaftertheincident,"hesaid."Ithoughtheroesshouldbepeoplewhomakealifetime(7)commitmenttohelpingothers."However,Hernandez,nowaschoolboardmember,hadcometorealizethathewouldbeinterestedinwritingabook(8)focusingonhispublicservice."Asayoungofficial,I"vefacedsomebigchallenges,andIwantyoungpeopletoknowthattheyneedtofacechallengesand(9)involvethemselvesintheircommunities."Whenaskedifhehadanyplanwithasecondbook,Hernandezsaidhismajorpurposeatpresentwastocontinuetoservehiscommunityandpursuehispassionasa(n)(10)advocateforeducation."ButI"mnotgoingtosayno,"hesaid.3.选词组insb."swords/inthewordsofsb.用某人的话来说counton依靠指望makesenseof理解，弄懂某事reservefor预留，保留shieldfrom使···免受callon呼吁，号召sumup概括总结relateto理解，认同inneed在困难时，在贫困之中be/getcaughtupin被卷入，陷入1.Sheheldherhandabovehereyestoshieldthemfromthesunsothatshecouldseemoreclearlythemaninfrontofher.2.Theboystudiedthesignsforoveranhour,butstillcouldnotmakesenseofthem,soheturnedtohisteacherforhelp.3.Theycalledonthedevelopedcountriestocommitmoremoneytoprotectingtheenvironment.4.Wewillcontinuetocareforthoseinneedandworktoestablishasocietythatisgenerousandprosperous.5.Manypeopleare/getcaughtupincareersandraisingkidssothattheyforgetthattheirmarriagesalsoneedtobetakengoodcareof.6.Mymostfavoriteprogramistheonethatdealswithscientificsubjectsthatordinarypeoplecanrelateto.7.Finally,Iwouldliketosumupbysayingthatithasbeenatremendouspleasuretoworkwithyouall.8.Heisapersonthatyoucanalwayscountonwhenyouneedhelp.9.Bettylovesreading.Inherwords,"Readingisthemostwonderfulthingintheworld."10.Thisrestaurantisverypopularbecauseithassomeseparate,smallerroomsreservedforfamilieswithsmallchildren.4.翻译AsoneofthefirstEuropeanstotravelacrossAsiathroughChina,MarcoPoloisperhapsthemostwell-knownforeignmerchantandvoyagertotheChinesepeople.Hetraveledextensively(广泛地)withhisfamily,journeyingfromEuropetoAsiafrom1271to1295.16 HeremainedinChinafor17ofthoseyears.HisbookTheTravelsofMarcoPolodepictshisjourneysthroughoutAsia,givingEuropeanstheirfirstcomprehensivelookintotheFarEast,includingChina,India,andJapan.FromhiswrittenaccountstheWesternerslearnedofporcelain,coal,gunpowder,printing,papermoney,andsilkforthefirsttime.ThewealthofnewgeographicinformationrecordedbyPolowaswidelyusedinthelate15thandthe16thcenturiesduringtheageoftheEuropeanvoyagesofdiscoveryandconquest(征服).Inthecenturiessincehisdeath,MarcoPolohasreceivedtherecognitionthatfailedtocomehiswayduringhislifetime.MarcoPolo"sstoryhasinspiredcountlessotheradventurerstosetoffandseetheworld.作为通过中国游历亚洲的首批欧洲人之一，马可·波罗可能是中国人最熟知的外国商人和航海家。从1271年到1295年，他和他的家人游历广泛，遍及欧洲和亚洲。期间，他在中国留居了17年。他的著作《马可·波罗游记》描述了他游历亚洲的旅程，让欧洲人首次全面领略了包括中国、印度和日本在内的远东地区的情况。从他的文字叙述中，西方人第一次了解到瓷器、煤炭、火药、印刷术、纸币以及丝绸。在15世纪末和16世纪欧洲发现与征服的大航海时代，马可·波罗所记录的大量新的地理信息得到了广泛使用。在他去世后的这几个世纪里，马可·波罗获得了他在有生之年未曾获得的赞誉。马可·波罗的故事鼓舞了其他无数的探险者去踏上征程，发现世界。郑和是中国历史上最著名的航海家（maritimeexplorer）。公元1405年，明朝的统治者为了稳固边防（borderdefense）和开展海上贸易，派郑和下西洋（theWesternSeas）。在此后的28年里，郑和带领船队七下西洋，前后出海的人员有10多万人，访问了30多个国家和地区。船队纵横南亚、西亚，一直到非洲大陆。郑和下西洋是世界航海（navigation）史上的壮举，它展现了郑和卓越的航海和组织才能，同时展现了明朝的国力和国威（nationalstrengthandprestige），加强了明朝和海外各国之间的关系。ZhengHewasthemostfamousmaritimeexplorerinChinesehistory.In1405AD,theruleroftheMingDynastysentZhengHeonavoyagetotheWesternSeasinordertostrengthenborderdefenseanddeveloptradebysea.Inthefollowing28years,ZhengHeledhisfleet,madesevenvoyagestotheWesternSeaswithover100,000crewmembersintotal,andvisitedmorethan30countriesandregions.ThefleettraveledfarintoSouthAsiaandWestAsia,andmadeallthewaytothecontinentofAfrica.ZhengHe"svoyagestotheWesternSeaswereagreatfeatintheworld"snavigationhistory.ItshowedZhengHe"soutstandingnavigationandorganizationtalents;meanwhile,itexhibitedthenationalstrengthandprestigeoftheMingDynasty,andstrengthenedtherelationshipsbetweentheMingDynastyandtheoverseascountries.Unit51.选词填空substantial大量的多的，物质的annual一年一度的，每年的amateur业余爱好者，业余爱好的assemble集合收集，组装装配react作出反应furnish提供，供应distinction优秀，差别，卓越contract契约，合同apparent表面的，可看见的magnificent宏伟的，壮观的，华丽的1.TheannualconferencewhichIattendeveryyearisgoingtobeheldinLondoninJanuarynextyear.2.Accordingtothetermsofyourcontract,youmustgivethreemonths"noticeifyouintendtoleavethiscompany.16 3.Wewerehonoredthatsomanypeopleofdistinctionandtalentwerepresenttodiscusstheissues.4.Thelocalgovernmenthasbeenprovidingsubstantialsupporttothem,withoutwhichtheycouldn"thavebeensosuccessful.5.Thesecretagentpromisedthattheinformationhefurnishedwasobtainedfromreliablesources.6.Whetheramateurorprofessional,AmericanfootballisperhapsthemostpopularsportintheUS.Itattractsatotalattendanceofover40millionandiswatchedbymanymoremillionsontelevisioneachyear.7.ShopstrytomeettheDIY(do-it-yourself)fashionbyofferingconsumerspartsandhardwarewhichtheycanassembleathome.8.IwonderhowshewillreacttothenewsifItellhersheisnotgoingtogetaraisethisyear.9.Itwasapparentthattheprofessor"slecturefailedtoimpressthestudentsassomeofthemhadleftbeforeitwasover.10.Wealladmittedthatthetripwasworthwhileafterwesawa(n)magnificentpalaceandafantasticmuseum.1.15选10Amateur业余爱好者，业余的endurance耐久持久，忍耐力Individual个人的，个人independent自主的，不相关联的Present现在的，目前的despite不管，尽管Developed先进的，发达的contests争夺竞争Remarkable异常的，引人注目的coined创造Insurance保险inherent固有的，内在的，天生Established已建立的contracts契约Separate分开分离Forseveralcenturies,cricket(板球)hasbeenaverypopularsportinEngland.Ithasbeenenjoyedbybothprofessionaland(1)(amateur)players.Thissuper-populargameisabat-and-ballgameplayedbetweentwoteamsof11players.Itcanprovideyouwithhealthbenefitslikebuilding(2)(endurance),balance,andphysicalfitness.Butforateamsport,cricketalsoplaces(3)(individual)playersunderunusualpressurebecauseeveryteamplayeris(4)(independent)ofeachother.Cricketmighthavestartedinearly16th-centuryEngland.Writtenrecords(5)(present)evidenceofagameknownascreagbeingplayedbyPrinceEdwardatNewenden,Kentin1301;anditispossible,(6)(despite)nohardevidence,thatthiswasaformofcricket.Bytheendofthe18thcentury,crickethad(7)(developed)intoanationalsportofEngland.ThegrowthoftheBritishEmpireledtocricketbeingplayedabroadandbythemid-19thcenturythefirstinternational(8)(contests)wereheld.Crickethashada(n)(9)(remarkable)impactonpopularcultureinEngland.IthashadaninfluenceonthevocabularyoftheEnglishlanguage,withsuchphrasesasthat"snotcricket(10)(coined)todescribeunfairbehavioringeneral.2.选词组regardlessof不管giveaway暴露fallill生病passaway去世upto达到，至多havenointentionofdoingsth.不打算做某事16 leavebehind把···抛在脑后忘记拿走might(just)aswell还不如inattendance出席tothisday直到现在1.Ifeltterriblysorrytolearnthathissister(passedaway)afterhavingfoughtagainstcancerforthreeyears.2.TheChineseswimmerwas(leftbehind)atthebeginningofthewomen"s100-meterfreestylefinal,butshedidn"tgiveupandfinallytookthelead.3.Therichmanthinksthathewilldieindisgraceifhedoesnot(giveaway)hismoneyforthepublicgood.4.They(hadnointentionof)lettinghimgoandwouldlikehimtostayonafterhispresentcontractexpires.5.(Upto)sevenmillionstudentsaregraduatingfromuniversitythisyear.Thiswillundoubtedlyaddtotheemploymentpressureinthejobmarket.6.Ifheisdeterminedtodosomething,hewilldoit(regardlessof)whatotherpeoplewillsay.7.Themoviewasacompletewasteoftime.I(might(just)aswell)havestayedathome.8.Theauthoritiespromisetointroduceaneffectivehealthservicesothatpeopledonotneedtospendtoomuchmoneywhenthey(fallill).9.Thousandsofpeoplewere(inattendance)atyesterday"sstrike,whichcausedgreatconfusion.10.Theygottoknoweachotherintheir20sand(tothisday)theyarestillinclosetouchwitheachother.1.翻译The first written records of the ancient Olympic Games date to 776 BC. The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during a religious festival honoring Zeus (宙斯). The first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. The Olympic symbolconsistsoffiveinterlacedringsofequaldimensions,representingtheunionofthefivecontinentsandthemeetingofathletesfromthroughouttheworldattheOlympicGames.TheOlympicstrulytookoffasaninternationalsportingeventafter1924,whenthe8thOlympicGameswereheldinParis.Some3,000athletesfrom44nationscompetedthatyear,andforthefirsttimetheGamesfeaturedaclosingceremony.TheWinterOlympicsdebuted(问世)thatyear,includingsucheventsasfigureskating,icehockey,bobsleddingandthebiathlon.Eightyyearslater,whenthe2004SummerOlympicsreturnedtoAthensforthefirsttimeinmorethanacentury,nearly11,000athletesfrom201countriescompeted,breakingthethenrecordofparticipatingcountries.16 有关古代奥林匹克运动会的最早文字记载可追溯至公元前776年。古代奥运会每4年举办一次，在8月6日与9月19日之间的一个纪念宙斯的宗教节日期间举行。第一届现代奥运会于1896年在希腊雅典举办。奥运会的标志由五个大小相同的套环组成，代表着五大洲的联合和来自世界各地运动员的大聚会。奥运会真正腾飞、成为一项国际体育盛会是在1924年之后，即第8届奥运会在巴黎举办之后。这一年，来自44个国家约3000名运动员同场竞技，并且第一次在奥运会上增加了闭幕式这一仪式。同年，冬季奥运会首次亮相，比赛项目包括花样滑冰、冰球、雪橇和冬季两项运动。80年后，2004年夏季奥运会在相隔一个多世纪后再次在雅典举办，来自201个国家的近11000名运动员展开竞技，创下参赛国数目之最太极拳（TaiChi）是一种武术（martialarts）项目，也是一种健身运动，在中国有着悠久的历史。太极拳动作缓慢而柔和，适合任何年龄、性别、体型的人练习。太极拳既可防身，又能强身健体，因而深受中国人的喜爱。太极拳在发展的过程中，借鉴并吸收了中国传统哲学、医术、武术的合理内容（element），成为特色鲜明的一项运动。作为中国特有的一种运动形式，太极拳也越来越受到众多外国朋友的喜爱。TaiChiisakindofmartialarts,andafitnessexerciseaswell.IthasalonghistoryinChina.Withslowandgentlemovements,TaiChiissuitableforpeopleofanyage,sex,orbodytypetopractice.Itcanbeusedtoprovideself-defenseaswellasbuildthebody.Therefore,ithasbecomeverypopularamongChinesepeople.Duringitsdevelopment,TaiChiborrowedandabsorbeddesirableelementsfromtraditionalChinesephilosophy,medicine,andmartialarts,andithasdevelopedintoasportwithuniquefeatures.AsauniquesportinChina,TaiChiisalsogainingincreasingpopularityamongmanyforeignfriends.Unit61.选词填空Controversial引起争论的，有争议的assess评价，评定resolve解决，下定决心decrease减少alter使变化abandon放弃，抛弃indicate表明，指示undermine逐渐削弱，逐渐损害compromise危及，损害。妥协和解conventional常例的，传统的1.Studies(indicate)thatchildrenwhooftentakepartincooperativeprogramsbenefitalotmorethanotherchildren.2.Theyaresucha(n)(conventional)family—theymusthavebeenshockedwhentheirsondyed(染)hishairpink.3.Testingstudentsbyexaminationshaslongbeenregardedasareliablewayto(assess)students"ability.4.Manypowerstationshavebeenmodernizedtogiveofflesspollution,ortheyweremovedfurtherawayfromthelivingareasinorderto(decrease)thedamage.5.Unemploymenthascomedownslightly,butthisdoesnot(alter)thefactthatitisstillamajorproblem.6.Mr.Smithisnotdoingwell;thedoctortoldusthatseveralcolds(hasundermined)hishealth.7.Thebestwaytodealwithproblemsathomeistotalkthingsoutcalmlyandhonestlyandtrytoreacha(n)(compromise).8.Darwin"stheoryofevolutionremains(controversial)partlybecauseitchallengesthereligiousbeliefthatGodcreatedman.9.Itwasreportedthepresidenthad(resolved)tofightifwarwasnecessary,evenifitmeantdestroyinghischancesofre-election.10.Ihadto(abandon)oneofmyemailaccountsasitwasfilledwithjunkmail.2.15选10Withdraw撤走拿走reliable可靠的，可信赖的16 Committing保证，承诺decline下降，辞谢，谢绝Opportunity机会contrasting对比对照Interfering干预妨碍schedules安排，时刻表进度表Consistent一致的，连续的burning燃烧的发热的Decrease减少，减小flexible灵活的，易弯曲的Compromising妥协，退让generate形成，造成，产生Circumstance环境，境遇Nowadayscollegeeducationcostisrisingsharply.Moreandmorecollegestudentshavetoworkinorderto(1)(generate)incometosupportthemselves.Buthowcanyoupreventworkingfrom(2)(interfering)withyourstudy?Firstly,planyourclassandwork(3)(schedules)asfaraheadaspossible.Arrangeyourclassesinawaysothatyouhaveoneortwodaysforwork.Secondly,usetimewellinsteadof(4)(burning)themidnightoil.Studyinglateuntilmidnightmaymakeyoutiredandtakea(n)(5)(consistent)tollonyourhealth.Usethose10minuteswaitingforthebustoreadafewmorepages.Ifyourjobhasalotofdowntime(自由支配时间),usethe(6)(opportunity)todoschoolassignments.Nevertrytocutcornersbycopyingassignmentsfromotherstudents.Thirdly,setagoalforyouracademicperformance.You"llprobablyhaveto(7)(decrease)yourworkhours,oreven,ifpossibleandnecessary,(8)(withdraw)fromtheworkforcetobesuccessfulinstudy.Afterall,itisnotagoodideatorisk(9)(compromising)yourstudentcareerwithpart-timejobs.Fourthly,informallyourprofessors,teachingassistantsandemployersaboutyoursituationsothattheycanbe(10)(flexible)aswell.Winningtheirsupportisthebestwaytokeepthemonyourside.1.选词组takeatollon对···产生不良影响inotherwords换言之，换句话说dropout退出，脱离辍学inturn相应地，依次地atrisk(of)处境危险，受到威胁interferewith妨碍阻止beaccustomedto习惯contributeto促成，造成cutbackon削减，缩减holdonto继续感到，仍然相信1.Thenewgovernmenthascommittedto(cuttingbackon)emissionsofgreenhousegases.2.Myparentsdonotobjecttomytakingpart-timejobs,buttheyremindmenottoletthem(interferewith)myschoolwork.3.Anger,worry,disappointment,thesenegativeemotions(takeatollon)yourheart,brainandbody.4.Ifapersonadoptsanunhealthylifestyle,hewillsurelybe(atriskof)developingdiseases.5.Mostpeoplewerereadytogiveuponhimwhenhe(droppedout)ofschool,butlaterhereturnedandearnedhisdegree.6.Drinkingtoomuchcanincreasetheriskofdevelopinghighbloodpressure,which(inturn)canleadtoheartattackorstroke.7.Low-costairlinesareemergingalloverAsia;thiswill(contributeto)thedevelopmentoftheworld"sair-travelmarketasawhole.8.Whenyoumovetoanewcountry,youmayfindthefoodtherestrangeandyoumaymissthefamiliarsmellsofthefoodyou(areaccustomedto)inyourowncountry.16 9.Althoughhekepttryingandfailing,Ialways(heldonto)thebeliefthathewouldsucceedoneday.10.Thetaxonlyaffectspeoplewithanannualincomeover$200,000—(inotherwords),itwillonlyaffecttheveryrich.1.翻译Gap year (间隔年) refers to a period of time —not necessarily a year — in which students take time off and do something other than schooling, such as travel or work. The year out is most commonly taken after high school and before going to university. During this time, a student might travel, engage in volunteer work or undertake (承担) a working holiday abroad. A new trend is to participate in international education programs that combine language study,homestays,culturalexchange,communityservice,andindependentstudy.ThepracticeoftakingayearoutdevelopedintheUnitedKingdominthe1960s.IthasgrownverypopularamongstudentsintheUK,Australia,NewZealand,andCanada.IntheUnitedStates,however,thepracticeoftakingayearoffremainstheexception(例外).Butinrecentyears,takingayearouthasbecomeslightlymorecommonforAmericans.Some40,000Americanstudentsparticipatedin2013ingapyearprograms,anincreaseofalmost20%since2006.UniversitiessuchasPrincetonUniversity,HarvardUniversity,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyhaveformalpoliciesallowingstudentstodefer(延期)admission.间隔年指的是学生休假不去上学而去旅行或工作等的一段时间，但不一定是一年。间隔年通常选在高中毕业和进入大学之前的一段时间。在这段时间里，学生可以旅行、参加志愿者工作或是在国外边打工边度假。一种新潮流是参加语言学习、住家、文化交流、社区服务和自主学习于一体的国际教育活动。间隔年的做法于20世纪60年代兴起于英国。它在英国、澳大利亚、新西兰和加拿大已经变得非常流行。但是在美国，间隔年的做法仍然只是个别现象。不过近年来，间隔年对美国人来说变得稍微普遍起来。2013年有大约四万美国学生参加了间隔年活动，比2006年增加了近20%。普林斯顿大学、哈佛大学、麻省理工学院等大学都有明文规定允许学生延迟入学。改革开放以来，中国的教育事业得到了快速发展，取得了引人瞩目的成就。中国政府把教育摆在优先发展的地位，坚持科教兴国（revitalizethecountry），全面提倡素质教育(quality-orientededucation)。同时，积极推进教育公平，保障人人有受教育的机会。中国的教育成就反映在两个不同的层面：一个是全面普及了九年义务教育（nine-yearcompulsoryeducation），另一个是实现了高等教育大众化（masshighereducation）。教育的发展为中国的经济发展和社会进步作出了重大贡献。近年来，为适应社会、经济发展的需要，中国政府不断加快培养各领域的急需人才。Sinceitseconomicreformandopening-uptotheworld,China"seducationhasgonethroughrapiddevelopmentandmaderemarkableachievements.TheChinesegovernmentgivestopprioritytothedevelopmentofeducation,persistsinrevitalizingthecountrybyscienceandeducation,andfullyadvocatesquality-orientededucation.Meanwhile,itactivelypromotesequalityineducationtoguaranteeeveryoneaccesstoeducation.China"sachievementsineducationcan16 bereflectedintwodifferentlayers:Oneisthepopularizationofthenine-yearcompulsoryeducation;theotheristherealizationofmasshighereducation.ThedevelopmentofeducationhasmadesignificantcontributionstoChina"seconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.Inrecentyears,tosatisfytheneedsofsocialandeconomicdevelopment,theChinesegovernmenthasspedupthetrainingofqualifiedpersonnelurgentlyneededinvariousfields.16'