《英美概况》试题(附答案).doc 101页

'《英美概况》I.MultipleChoices:Chooseonerightanswerfromthefourchoices:1.ThehighestmountaininBritainis____.A.ScafellB.BenNevisC.theCotswoldsD.theForth2.ThelongestriverinBritainis_____.A.theClydeB.theMerseyC.theSevernD.theThames3.ThelargestlakeinBritainis_____.A.theLoughNeageB.WindermereWaterC.ConistonWaterD.theLakeDistrict4.WhichpartofBritainisalwaysfighting?A.EnglandB.ScotlandC.WalesD.NorthemIreland5.TheimmigrantscomingtoBritainaremainlyfrom_____.A.EuropeB.theUnitedStatesC.AfricaD.theWestIndies,6.ThefirstinhabitantsinBritainwere_____.A.theNormansB.theCeltsC.theIberiansD.theAnglo-Saxons7.BritishRecordedhistorybeganwith_____.101 A.RomaninvasionB.theNormanConquestC.theVikingandDanishinvasionD.theAnglo-Saxonsinvasion8.In829,_____actuallybecametheoverlordofalltheEnglish.A.JohnB.JamesIC.EgbertD.HenryI9.ChristmasDay____,DukeWilliamwascrownedinWestminsterAbbey.A.1056B.1066C.1006D.106010.HenryIIwasthefirstkingofthe_____dynasty.A.WindsorB.TudorC.MalcolmD.Plantagenet11.In1265____summonedtheGreatCouncil,whichhasbeenseenastheearliestparliament.A.HenryIIIB.thePopeC.BaronsD.SimondeMontfort12.TheHundredYears’warstartedin____andendedin____,inwhichtheEnglishhadlostalltheterritoriesofFranceexcepttheFrenchportof____.A.1337,1453,FlandersB.1337,1453,CalaisC.1346,1453,ArgencourtD.1346,1453,Brest101 13.TheWarsofRoseslastedfor_____yearsandking_____wasreplacedbyking_____.A.30,RichardIII,HenryTudorB.50,RichardIII,HenryTudorB.C.30,RichardI,HenryTudorD.50,RichardI,HenryTudor14.TheRenaissancebeganin____intheearly____century.A.England,14B.England,15C.Italy,14D.Italy,1515.TheEnglishCivilWarisalsocalled_____.A.theGloriousRevolutionB.theBloodyRevolutionC.theCatholicRevolutionD.thePuritanRevolution16.In_____,asmallgroupofPuritanssailedfrom_____intheMayflowertobethefirstsettlersintheNorthAmerica.A.1620,LondonB.1620,PlymouthC.1720,LondonD.1720,Plymouth17.Inthe18thcentury,thereappeared____inEngland,whichowedagreatdealtotheinventionofmachines.A.theIndustrialRevolutionB.theBourgeoisRevolutionC.theWarsoftheRosesD.theReligiousReformation101 18.Englishcolonialexpansionbeganwiththecolonizationof_____in1583.A.CanadaB.AustraliaC.IndiaD.Newfoundland19._____wasfamousforhisabdicationbecauseofhismarriagewithadivorcedAmerican:A.EdwardVIIIB.EdwardVIIC.GeorgeVID.GeorgeVII20.InJanuary_____BritainbecameamemberoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunity.A.1957B.1967C.1973D.197921.soonafter_____,Britainnotonlygaveupitseconmichegemonybutalsosufferedadeeplossofitspositionofindustrialleadership.A.1900B.theFirstWorldWarC.theSecondWorldWarD.196022.Inthe1970samongthedevelopedcountries,Britainmaintainedthelowest_____rateandthehighest_____rate.A.inflation,growthB.growth,inflationC.growth,divorceD.growth,birth23.ThefollowingareallreasonsofBritishdeclineofcoalindustryexcept_____.101 A.theexhaustionofoldminesB.costlyextractionB.C.littlemoneybeinginvestedD.thelabourshortage24.Britain’sforeigntradeismainlywith_____.A.developingcountriesB.otherCommonwealthcountriesC.otherdevelopedcountriesD.EC25.TheHouseofLordsispresidedoverby_____.A.theLordChancellorB.theQueenC.theArchbishopofCanterburyD.thePrimeMinister26.AGeneralElectionisheldevery_____yearsandthereare_____membersofParliamentsareelected.A.five,600B.five,650C.five,651D.four,65127.ThePrimeMinisterisappointedby_____andheorshealwayssitsin_____.A.theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofCommonsB.theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofLordsC.theQueen,theHouseofCommonsD.theQueen,theHouseofLords101 28.Theultimateauthorityforlaw-makingresidesin_____.A.theQueenB.theCabinetC.theHouseofLordsD.theHouseofCommons29.ThesourcesofBritishlawinclude_____.A.statutes,commonlaw,equitylawandEuropeanCommunitylawB.statutes,commonlawandequitylawC.statutes,commonlawandEuropeanCommunitylawD.acompletecodeandstatutes30.Incriminaltrialsbyjury,_____passessentencedand_____decidetheissueofguiltorinnocence.A.thejudge,thejuryB.thejudge,thejudgeC.thejury,thejuryD.theLordChancellor,thejury31.____triesthemostseriousoffencessuchasmurderandrobbery.A.Magistrates’courtsB.YouthcourtsC.districtcourtsD.TheCrownCourt32.London’sMetropolitanPoliceForceisunderthecontrolof_____.A.theEnglandsecretariesB.theScottishSecretaries101 C.NorthernIrelandSecretariesD.theHomeSecretary33.TheNationalHealthServicewasestablishedintheUKin_____andbasedatfirston_____.A.1948,ActsofParliamentB.1958,ActsofParliamentC.1948,theBillofRightsD.1958,theBillofRights34.Thenon-contributorysocialsecuritybenefitsincludethefollowingexcept_____.A.warpensionB.childbenefitC.familycreditD.unemploymentbenefit35.Exceptthat_____maynotbeaRomanCatholic,publicofficesareopenwithoutdistinctiontomembersofallchurchsorofnone.A.thelordChancellorB.thePrimeMinisterC.theSpeakerD.theministersofalldepartments36.About90percentofthestatesecondaryschoolpopulationintheUKattend_____.A.independentschoolsB.juniorschoolsC.independentschoolsD.primaryschools37.Therearesome____universities,includingtheOpenUniversity.101 A.900B.290C.90D.5038.InBritain,childrenfromtheageof5to16can_____bylaw.A.receivecompletelyfreeeducationB.receiveparlyfreeeducationC.receivenofreeeducationiftheirfamiliesarerichD.receivenofreeeducationatall39.Withregardtoitssize,theUSAisthe_____countryintheworld.A.largestB.secondlargestC.thirdlargestD.fourthlargest40.Inthefollowingrivers,_____hasbeencalledtheAmericanRuhr.A.theMississippiB.theMissouriC.theHudsonD.theOhio41.Amongthefollowingrivers,_____formsanaturalboundarybetweenMexicoandtheU.S.A.thePotomacB.theColumbiaC.theRioGrandeRiverD.theColorado42.AllthefollowinguniversitiesandcollegesarelocatedinNewEngland,except_____.101 A.YaleB.HarvardC.OxfordD.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology43.Thenation’scapitalcityWashingtonD.C.andNewYorkarelocatedin_____.A.theAmericanWestB.theGreatPlainsC.theMidwestD.theMiddleAtlanticStates44.TheMidwestinAmerica’smostimportant_____area.A.agriculturalB.industrialC.manufacturingD.miningindustry45.InthecaseofBrownversusBoardofEducation,theSupremeCourtruledthat_____.A.separateeducationalfacilitieshadbeenillegalB.educationalfacilitieshadbeenseparatebutequalC.educationalfacilitieshadbeenequalD.separateeducationalfacilitieswereinherentlyunequal46.TheChineseExclusionActwaspassedin_____.A.1882B.1883C.1900D.192447.ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefrom____and____.101 A.Ireland/FranceB.England/ChinaC.Scotland/EnglandD.England/Netherland48.UncleTom’sCabinandRootsaretwonovelswhichgiveavividdescriptionofthemiserablelifeofthe_____.A.earlysettlersB.PuritansC.nativeIndiansD.blackslaves49.AccordingtoAmericanhistoriansandspecialistsindemography,thereare_____greatpopulationmovementinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five50.ManyearlyChineseimmigrantsworkedintheminingindustry,especiallyinthe_____.A.goldminesB.silverminesC.coalminesD.coppermines51.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedby_____.A.JamesMadisonB.ThomesJeffersonC.AlexanderHamiltonD.GeorgeWashington52.OnJuly4,1776,_____adoptedtheDeclarationofIndependerce.A.theFirstContinentalCongressB.theSecondContinentalCongress101 C.theThirdContinentalCongressD.theConstitutionalConvention53.Thevictoryof_____wastheturningpointoftheWarofIndependence.A.SaratogaB.GettysburgC.TrentonD.Yorktown54.TenamendmentsintroducedbyJamesMadisonin1789wereaddedtotheConstitution.Theyareknowsas_____.A.theArticlesofConfederationB.theBillofRightC.theCivilRightsD.FederalistPapers55.PresidentJeffersonbought_____fromFranceanddoubledthecountry’sterritory.A.NewMexicoB.theLouisianaTerritoryC.KansasD.Ohio56.TheDeclarationofIndependencecamefromthetheoryofBritishphilosopher_____.A.PaulRevereB.JohnLockeC.CornwallisD.FrederickDouglass57.DuringtheWWII,theAxispowersweremainlymadeupby__.A.Germany,FranceandJapanB.France,JapanandBritain101 C.Germany,ItalyandBritainD.German,ItalyandJapan58.TheProgressiveMovementisamovementdemandinggovernmentregulationofthe_____and_____conditions.A.economy/politicalB.social/politicalC.economy/socialD.political/cultural59.AsaresultofWWI,_____wasnotoneofthedefeatednations.A.GermanyB.Austro-HungaryC.OttomanD.Russia60.TheaimofPresidentRoosevelt’sNewDealwasto“saveAmerican_____.”A.economyB.politicsC.societyD.democracy答案I.MultipleChoices:Chooseonerightanswerfromthefourchoices.1.B2.C3.A4.D5.D6.C7.A8.C9.B10.D11.D12.B13.A14.C15.D16.B17.A18.D19.A20.C101 21.C22.B23.D24.C25.A26.C27.C28.D29.A30.A31.D32.D33.A34.D35.A36.D37.C38.A39.D40.D41.C42.C43.D44.A45.D46.A47.D48.D49.C50.A51.B52.B53.A54.B55.B56.B57.D58.C59.D60.D61.C62.B63.D64.C65.D66.D67.B68.C69.C70.D71.B72.B73.B74.D75.DII.Fillintheblanks:1.Ceographicallyspeaking,thenorthandwestofBritainare_______,whiletheeastandsouth-eastaremostly______.2.Welshislocatedinthe______ofGreatBritain.3.TheancestorsoftheEnglish______,whiletheScots,WelshandIrishthe______.4.Inthemid-5thcentury,threeTeuronictribes______,_____,and_____invadedBritain.Amongthem,the_____gavetheirnametoEnglishpeople.5.Thebattleof_______witnessedthedeathofHaroldinOctober,1066.6.UnderWilliam,the______systeminEnglandwascompletelyestablished.101 7.ThepropertyrecordinWilliam’stimeisknownas______,whichwascompiledin_____.8._____’sgravebecameaplaceofpilgrimageinandbeyondchaucer’stimeafterhewasmurdered.9.______wasthedeadlybubonicplague,whichreducedEngland’spopulationfromfourmillionto______millionbytheendofthe14thcentury.10.OneoftheconsequencesoftheUprisingof1381wastheemergenceofanewclassof______farmers.11.JamesIandhissonCharlesIbothbelievedfirmlyin______.12.DuringtheCivilWar,theCavalierssupported________,whiletheRoundheadssupported_______.13.AftertheCivilWar,OliverCromwelldeclaredEnglanda______,later,hebecame_________.14.In1707,theActof_______unitedEnglandand______.15.ThetwopartiesoriginatedwiththeGloriousRevolutionwere_____and_______.Theformerweretheforerunnersofthe______Party,thelatterwereofthe______party.101 16.In1765,theScottishinventor_____producedaveryefficient_____thatcouldbeappliedtotextileandothermachinery.17.AftertheIndustrialRevolution,Britainbecamethe“______”oftheworld.18.DuringtheSecondWorldWar________ledBritaintofinalvictoryin1945.19.In1974and1977,thetwo______shockcausedinflationtorisedramatically.20.Naturalgaswasdiscoveredin1965andoilin1970under_______.21._______hasEurope’slargestcollectionofforeignownedchipfactories.22.NewindustriesinBritaininclude______,______andotherhigh-techindustries.23.Thepartywhichwinsthesecondlargestnumberofseatsbecomestheofficial______,withitsownleaderand“______cabinet”.24.ThePrimeMinisterisappointedby______,andhis/herofficialresidenceis_____.101 25.TherearetwotiersoflocalgovernmentthroughoutEnglandandWales:_____and______.26.ThecriminallawinBritainpresumesthe_____oftheaccuseduntilhehasbeenprovedguiltybeyondreasonabledoubt.27.Thejuryusuallyconsistsof_______personsinEngland,WalesandNorthernIreland,and_____personsinScotland.28.TheultimatecourtofappealincivilcasesthroughouttheUKis_______.29.InBritainthewelfarestateappliesmainlyto_____,nationalinsuranceand______.30.ThetwoestablishedchurchesinBritainare____and_____.31.EducationintheUKiscompulsoryforallbetweentheagesof(______inNorthenIreland)and_____.32.InthepastchildreninBritainwereallocatedtodifferentsecondaryschoolsonthebasisofselectiontestsknownas_______,whichwasreplacedby______.33.Educationafter16intheUKisdividedinto_____and______.34.Themost-knownuniversitiesinBritainare_____and_____whichdatefromthe_____and_____centuries.101 35.In____,AlaskaandHavaiibecamethe49thand50thstates.36.IntheGreatLakes,only_____belongstoU.S.completelywhiletheotherfouraresharedwithGanada.37._______isseparatedfromthemainlandbyCanada.38.TheRockies,thebackboneoftheNorthAmericanContinent,isalsoknownas_____.39._____isthelargestcontinentalstateinareaintheU.S.40.TheWestcanbedividedintothreeparts:theGreatPlains,theRockyMountainsand_____.41.TheSouthistheheadquartersofalargesegmentofthe______and________industry.42.NewEnglandissometimescalledthe______ofAmerica.43._______isconsideredtobeoneofthecharacteristicsoftheAmericanpeoplesinceoneinfivemovestoanewhomeeveryyear.44.ThefirstblackswerebroughttonorthAmericaasslavesin_____.45.ThelargestgroupofAsian-Americansarethe______.II.Fillintheblanks:101 1.highlands,lowlands2.west3.Anglo-Saxons,Celts4.Jutes,Saxons,Angles,Angles5.Hastings6.feudal7.DomesdayBook,10868.ThomasBecket9.BlackDeath,two10.yeomen11.theDivineRightofKings12.theking,theParliament13.Commonwealth,LordProtector14.Union,Scotland15.WhigsToriesLiberalConservative16.JamesWattsteamengine17.workship18.WinstonChurchill19.oil20.theNorthSea21.Scotland22.microprocessorsandcomputer,biotechnology23.Opposition,shadow24.theQueen,No.10Downing25.countrycouncils,districtcouncils26.innocence27.12,1528.theHouseofLords29.theNationalHealthService,socialsecurity30.theChurchofEngland,theChurchofScotland31.5,4,1632.eleven-plus,comprehensiveschools33.furthereducation,higheducation34.Oxford,Cambridge,12th,13th35.195936.LakeMichigan37.Alaska38.theContinentalDivide39.Texas40.theIntermountainBasinandPlateau41.rocket/missile42.birthplace43.Mobility44.161945.Chinese-AmericansIII.Explainthefollowingterms.1.theHardian’sWall:2.AlfredtheGreat101 3.WilliamtheConqueror4.thebattleofHastings5.DomesdayBook6.theGreatCharter7.theHundredYears’War8.JoanofArc9.theBlackDeath10.theWarsofRoses11.BloodyMary12.ElizabethI13.OliverCromwell14.theBillofRights15.WhigsandTories16.JamesWatt17.WinstonChurchill18.Agribusiness101 19.theBritishConstitution20.QueenElizabethII21.theOpposition22.thePrivyCouncil23.commonlaw24.thejury25.theNHS26.comprehensiveschools27.publicschools28.theGreatLakes29.NewEngland30.babyboom31.theChineseExclusionAct32.theBillofRights33.theEmancipationProclamation34.theConstitutionalConvention101 35.theProgressiveMovement36.thePeaceConference37.theTrumanDoctrine:38.theMarshallPlan39.theNewFrontier40.checksandbalances:IV.Answerbrieflythefollowingquestions:1.WhatdoyouknowabouttheRomaninvasionofBritain?2.WhydidtheWilliamtheConquerorinvadeEnglandafterEdward’sdeath?3.WhatweretheconsequencesoftheNormanConquest?4.WhatwerethecontentsandthesignificanceoftheGreatCharter?5.WhatdoyouknowabouttheEnglishRenaissance?6.WhydidtheRestorationtakeplace?7.Howdidthe“GloriousRevolution”breakout?Whatwasthesignificanceofit?8.WhatisyourcommentonlandenclosuresinEngland?101 9.HowdidtheEnglishIndustrialRevolutionproceed?10.WhatdoyouknowabouttheChartistMovementandthePeople’sCharter?What’syourcommentonthem?11.HowdidtheLabourPartycomeintobeing?12.Whatisaconstitutionalmonarchy?WhendiditbegininBritain?13.WhatistheroleoftheMonarchyintheBritishgovernment?14.WhatarethemainfunctionsofParliament?15.Whydothecriminalconvictsliketobetriedfirstbeforethemagistrates’courts?16.Whatdoesthecivilcourtssystemdo?17.Whatismeantbytheterm“welfarestate”inBritain?18.WhatisthemostimportantestablishedChurchinBritain?HowisitrelatedtotheCrownandlinkedwiththeState?19.WhatdistinguishestheOpenUniversityfromallotherBritishUniversities?20.Saysomethingaboutthethreeimmigrationwaves.101 21.WhydidtheearlysettlerscometoAmerica?WhowerethePilgrims?WhowerethePuritans?WhatwerethefeaturesinthecolonialperiodwhichhadinfluenceonlaterAmericandevelopment?22.WhatwerethecausesoftheWarofIndependence?23.WhatwasunusualabouttheArticleofConfederation?WhatwasthestruggleattheConstitutionalConvention?Howwastheconflictsolved?24.WhydidtheCivilWarbreakout?Howdidthewarend?25.WhatwerethecontentsoftheNewDeal?26.WhatwastheimpactoftheVietnamWar-onAmericansociety?27.WhowasMcCarthyandwhatwasMcCarthyism?28.Whatiscounterculture?Whataresomeoftheformsofcounterculture?29.WhatarethefunctionsoftheCongress?30.WhataresomeofthecharacteristicsofAmericaneducation?III.Explainthefollowingterms.101 1.theHardian’sWall:ItwasoneofthetwogreatwallsbuiltbytheRomanstokeepthePictsoutoftheareatheyhadconquered.2.AlfredtheGreatAlfredwasastrongkingofthewisemen.ItwascreatedbytheAnglo-Saxonstoadvisetheking.It’sthebasisofthePrivyCouncilwhichstillexiststoday.3.WilliamtheConquerorWilliamwasDukeofNormandy.HelandedhisarmyinOct,1066anddefeatedkingHarold.ThenhewascrownedkingofEnglandonChristamsDaythesameyear.HeestablishedastrongNormangovernmentandthefeudalsysteminEngland.4.thebattleofHastingsIn1066,KingEdwarddiedwithnoheir,theWitanchoseHaroldasking.William,DukeofNormandy,invadedEngland.OnOctober14,thetwoarmiesmetnearHasting.Afteraday’sbattle,Haroldwaskilledandhisarmycompletelydefeated.SothisbattlewasveryimportantonthewayoftheRomanconquest.5.DomesdayBookUnderWilliam,thefeudalsystemwasestablished.WilliamsentofficialstocompileapropertyrecordknownasDomesdayBook,whichcompletedin1086.ItwastheresultofageneralsurveyofEnglandmadein1085.Itstatedtheextent,value,thepopulation,stateofcultivation,andownershipoftheland.ItseemedtotheEnglishliketheBookofdoomonJudgementDay.101 6.theGreatCharterKingJohn’sreigncausedmuchdiscontentamongthebarons.In1215,hewasforcedtosignadocument,knownasMangnaCara,ortheGreatCharter.Ithas63clauses.ThoughithaslongbeenregardedasthefoundationofEnglishliberities,itsspiritwasthelimitationoftheking’spowers,keepingthemwithintheboundsofthefeudallawoftheland.7.theHundredYears’WarItreferredtotheintermittentwarbetweenFranceandEnglandthatlastfrom1337to1453.Thecauseswerepartlyterritorialandpartlyeconomic.WhenEdwardIIIclaimedtheFrenchCrownbuttheFrenchrefusedtorecognize,thewarbrokeout.AtfirsttheEnglishweresuccessful,butintheend,theyweredefeatedandlostalmostalltheirpossessionsinFrance.TheexpellingoftheEnglishwasablessingforbothcountries.8.JoanofArcShewasanationalheroineofFranceduringtheHundredYears’War.ShesuccessfullyledtheFrenchtodrivetheEnglishoutofFrance.9.theBlackDeathItwasthedeadlybubonicplaguewhospreadthroughEuropeinthe14thcentury.ItsweptthroughEnglandwithoutwarningandanycure,andsparingnovictims.Itkilledbetweenhalfandone-thirdofthepopulationofEngland.Thus,muchlandwasleftuntendedandlabourwasshort.Itcausedfar-reachingeconomicconsequences.101 10.theWarsofRosesTheyreferredtothebattlesbetweentheHouseofLancasterandtheHouseofYorkbetween1455and1485.Theformerwassymbolizedbytheredrose,andthelatterbythewhiteone.Afterthewars,feudalismreceiveditsdeathblowandtheking’spowerbecamesupreme.ThdormonarchsruledEnglandandWalesforovertwohundredyears.11.BloodyMaryHenryVIII’sdaughterandadevoutCatholic.WhenshebecameQueen,shepersecutedandburntmanyProtestants.Soshewasgiventhenickname“BloodyMary”.MaryisalsorememberedasthemonarchwholosttheFrenchportofCalais.12.ElizabethIOneofthegreatestmonarchsinBritishhistory.ShereignedEngland,WalesandIrelandfor45yearsandremainedsingle.HerreignwasatimeofconfidentEnglishnationalismandofgreatachievementsinliteratureandotherarts,inexplorationandinbattle.13.OliverCromwellTheleaderduringtheCivilWarwholedtheNewModelArmytodefeatthekingandcondemnedhimtodeath.ThenhedeclaredEnglandaCommonwealthandmadehimselfLordofProtector.HeruledEnglandtilltherestorationofcharlesIIin1660.14.theBillofRightsIn1689,WilliamandMaryacceptedtheBillofRightstobecrownedjointly.ThebillexcludedanyRomanCatholicfromthesuccession,confirmedtheprincipleofparliamentary101 supremacyandguaranteedfreespeechwithinboththetwoHouses.Thustheageofconstitutionalmonarchybegan.15.WhigsandToriesItreferredtothetwopartynameswhichoriginatedwiththeGloriousRevolutionof1688.TheWhigswerethosewhoopposedabsolutemonarchyandsupportedtherighttoreligiousfreedomforNoncomformists.TheTorieswerethosewhosupportedhereditarymonarchyandwerereluctanttoremovekings.TheWhigsformedacoalitionwithdissidentToriesandbecametheLiberalParty.TheToriesweretheforerunnersoftheConservativeParty.16.JamesWattTheScottishinventorwhoproducedanefficientsteamenginewithrotarymotionthatcouldbeappliedtotextileandothermachinery.17.WinstonChurchillPrimeMinisterofBritainduringtheSecondWorldWar.HetookoverChamberlainin1940andreceivedmassivepopularsupport.Heledhiscountrytofinalvictoryin1945.Hewasdefeatedinthegeneralelectionof1945,butreturnedtopowerin1951.18.AgribusinessItreferstothenewfarminginBritain,becauseit’sequippedandmanagedlikeanindustrialbusinesswithasetofinputsintothefarmofprocesseswhichoccuronthefarm,andoutputsor101 productswhichleavethefarm.Theemphasisisuponintensivefarming,designestogivethemaximumoutputofcropsandanimals.19.theBritishConstitutionThereisnowrittenconstitutionintheUnitedKingdom.TheBritishConstitutionisnotsetoutinanysingledocument,butmadeupofstatutelaw,commonlawandconventions.TheJudiciarydeterminescommonlawandinterpretstatues.20.QueenElizabethIIThepresentSovereign,bornin1926,cametothethronein1952andwascrownedin1953.TheQueenisthesymbolofthewholenation,thecenterofmanynationalceremoniesandtheleaderofsociety.21.theOppositionIntheGeneralElection,thepartywhichwinsthesecondlargestnumberofseatsbecomestheoffcialOpposition,withitsownleaderand“shadowcabinet”.TheaimsoftheOppositionaretocontributetotheformulationofpolicyandlegislation,toopposegovernmentproposals,toseekamendmentstogovernmentbills,andtoputforwarditsownpoliciesinordertowinthenextgeneralelection.22.thePrivyCouncilFormerlythechiefsourceofexecutivepower.ItgavetheSovereignprivate(“privy”)adviceonthegovernmentofthecountry.Todayitsroleismainlyformal,advisingtheSovereignto101 approvecertaingovernmentdecreesandissuingroyalproclamation.Itsmembershipisabout400.23.commonlawAwrittenlawgatheredfromnumerousdecisionsofthecourtsandothersources.24.thejuryAlegalsystemestablishedinEnglandsincekingHenryII.Thejuryconsistsofordinary,independentcitizenssummonedbythecourt:12personsinEngland,WalesandNorthernIreland,and15personsinScotland.Incriminaltrialsbyjury,thejudgepassessentencebutthejurydecidetheissueofguiltorinnocence.25.theNHSTheNationalHealthServicewasestablishedintheUKin1948andbasedfirstonActsofParliament.ThisServiceprovidesforeveryresidentafullrangeofmedicalservices.Itisbasedupontheprinciplethatthereshouldbefullrangeofpubliclyprovidedservicesdesignedtohelptheindividualstayhealthy.Itisnowalargelyfreeservice.26.comprehensiveschoolsStatesecondaryschoolswhichtakepupilswithoutreferencetoabilityandprovideawide-rangingsecondaryeducationforallormostofthechildreninadistrict.About90percentofthestatesecondaryschoolpopulationinGBattendcomprehensiveschool.101 27.publicschoolsFee-payingsecondaryschoolswhicharelongestablishedandhavegainedareputationfortheirhighacademicstandards,aswellastheirexclusivenessandsnobbery.Theboys’publicschoolsincludesuchwell-knownschoolsasEtonandHarrow,andgirls’famousschoolsincludeRoedean.MostofthemembersoftheBritishEstablishmentwereeducatedatapublicschool.28.theGreatLakesTheGreatLakesarethemostimportantlakesintheUnitedStates.TheyareLakeSuperior,whichisthelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld,LakeMichigan——theonlyoneentirelyintheU.S.——LakeHuron,LakeErieandLakeOntario.TheyarealllocatedbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStatesexceptLakeMichigan.29.NewEnglandNewEnglandismadeupofsixstatesoftheNorth-East.TheyareMaine,NewHampshire,Vermont,Massachusetts,RhodeIsland,andConnecticut.ItissometimescalledthebirthplaceofAmerica.30.babyboom“babyboom”referstothegreatincreaseofbirthratebetween1946and1964.Peopleborninthisperiodarecalledbabybammers.31.theChineseExclusionActItwaspassedbytheU.S.Congressinmay,1882.ItstoppedChineseimmigrationfortenyears.101 32.theBillofRightsIn1789,JamesMadisonintroducedintheHouseofRepresentationsaseriesofamendmentswhichlaterweredraftedintotwelveproposedamendmentsandsenttothestatesforratification.Tenofthemwereratifiedin1791andbecamethefirsttenamendmentstotheConstitution——theBillofRights.33.theEmancipationProclamationDuringtheCivilwar,LincolnissuedtheEmancipationProclamationtogetmoresupportfortheUnionathomeandabroad.Itgrantedfreedomtoallslaves.34.theConstitutionalConventionIn1787,aconferencewasheldinPhiladelphiatoconsiderwhatshouldbedonetomaketheArticlesofConfederationadequate.AllthedelegatesagreedtorevisetheArticlesofConfederationanddrawupanewplanofgovernment.Afterstruggle,theConstitutionwasratifiedatlast.ThisconferenceiscalledtheConstitutionalConvertion.35.theProgressiveMovementTheProgressiveMovementisamovementdemandinggovernmentregulationoftheeconomyandsocialconditions.Itspreadquicklywiththesupportoflargenumbersofpeopleacrossthecountry.Itwasnotanorganizedcampaignwithclearlydefinedgoals.36.thePeaceConferenceThePeaceConferenceortheParisConference,beganonJanuary18,1919.TheconferencewasactuallyaconferenceofdivisionofcoloniesofGermany,Austro-Hungaryand101 theOttomanEmpireandthegrabbingofasmuchaspossiblefromthedefeatednations.ItwasdominatedbytheBigFour(theUnitedStates,Britain.France,andItaly)37.theTrumanDoctrine:OnMarch12,1949,PresidentTrumanputforwardtheTrumanDoctrineinaspeechtothejointsessionofCongress.TheTrumanDoctrinemeanttosaythattheU.S.governmentwouldsupportanycountrywhichsaiditwasfightingagainstCommunism.38.theMarshallPlanOnJune5,1947,theSecretaryofStateGeorgeMarshallannouncedtheMarshallPlan,whichmeantthatinordertoprotectWesternEuropefrompossibleSovietexpansion,theUnitedStatesdecidedtoofferWesternEuropeancountrieseconomicaid.39.theNewFrontierItwasthePresidentKennedy’sprogramwhichpromisedcivilrightsforblacks,federalaidtofarmersandtoeducation,medicalcareforallandtheabolitionofpoverty.40.checksandbalances:Thegovernmentisdividedintothreebranches,thelegislative,theexecutiveandthejudicial,eachhaspartofthepowersbutnotallthepower.Andeachbranchofgovernmentcancheck,orblock,theactionsoftheotherbranches.Thethreebranchesarethusinbalance.Thiscalled“checksandbalances”.IV.Answerbrieflythefollowingquestions.101 1.WhatdoyouknowabouttheRomaninvasionofBritain?——In55BCand54BC,JuliusCaesar,aRomangeneral,invadedBritaintwice.InAD43,theEmperorClaudiusinvadedBritainsuccessfully.Fornearly400yearsBritainwasundertheRomanoccupation,thoughitwasneveratotaloccupation.BritishrecordedhistorybeginswiththeRomaninvasion.2.WhydidtheWilliamtheConquerorinvadeEnglandafterEdward’sdeath?——ItwassaidthatkingEdwardhadpromisedtheEnglishthronetoWilliambuttheWitanchoseHaroldasking.SoWilliamledhisarmytoinvadeEngland.InOctober1066,duringtheimportantbattleofHastings,WilliamdefeatedHaroldandkilledhim.OnChristmasDay,WilliamwascrownedkingofEngland,thusbeginningtheNormanConquestofEngland.3.WhatweretheconsequencesoftheNormanConquest?——TheNormanConquestof1066isoneofthebestknowneventsinEnglishhistory.Itbroughtaboutmanyconsequences.WilliamconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.RelationswiththeContinentwereopened,andcivilizationandcommercewereextended.Norman-Frenchculture,language,manners,andarchitecturewerebeenintroduced.Thechurchwas101 broughtintocloserconnectionwithRome,andthechurchcourtswereseparatedfromthecivilcourts.4.WhatwerethecontentsandthesignificanceoftheGreatCharter?——TheGreatCharter,ortheMagnaCarta,wasdocumentsignedin1215betweenthebaronsandkingJohn.Ithadaltogether63clauses,ofwhichthemostimportantcontentswerethese:(1)notaxshouldbemadewithouttheapprovaloftheGrandCouncil;(2)nofreemanshouldbearrested,imprisoned,ordeprivedofhispropertyexceptbythelawoftheland;(3)thechurchshouldpossessallitsrightsandprivileges;(4)Londonandothertownsshouldretaintheirancientrightsandprivileges;(5)thereshouldbethesameweightsandmeasuresthroughoutthecountry.TheGreatCharterwasastatementofthefeudalandlegalrelationshipbetweentheCrownandthebarons,aguaranteeofthefreedomoftheChurchandalimitationofthepowersoftheking.ThespiritoftheGreatCharterwasthelimitationofthepowersoftheking,butithaslongbeenregardedasthefoundationofEnglishliberties.5.WhatdoyouknowabouttheEnglishRenaissance?——RenaissancewastherevivalofclassicalliteratureandartisticstylesinEuropeanhistory.ItbeganinItalyintheearly14thcenturyandspreadtoEnglandinthelate15thcentury.TheEnglishRenaissancehad5characteristics:(1)Englishculturewasrevitalizednotsomuch101 directlybytheclassicsasbycontemporaryEuropeansundertheinfluenceoftheclassics;(2)EnglandasaninsularcountryfollowedacourseofsocialandpoliticalhistorywhichwastoagreatextentindependentofthecourseofhistoryelsewhereinEurope;(3)Owningtothegreatgeniusofthe14thcenturypoetchaucer,thenativeliteraturewasvigorousenoughandexperiencedinassimilatingforeigninfluenceswithoutbeingsubjectedbythem;(4)EnglishRenaissanceliteratureischieflyartistic,ratherthanphilosophicalandscholarly;(5)theRenaissancecoincidedwiththeReformationinEngland.TheEnglishRenaissancewaslargelyliterary,andachieveditsfinestexpressionintheso-calledElizabethandrama.ItsfinestexponentswereChristopherMarlowe,BenJonson,andWilliamShakespeare.6.WhydidtheRestorationtakeplace?——WhenOliverCormwelldiedin1658andwassucceededbyhisson,Richard,theregimebegantocollapse.OneofCromwell’sgeneralsoccupiedLondonandarrangedfornewparliamentaryelections.TheParliamentthuswaselectedin1660,andtoresolvethecrisis,itaskedthelateking’ssontoreturnfromhisexileinFranceaskingCharlesII.ItwascalledtheRestoration.7.Howdidthe“GloriousRevolution”breakout?Whatwasthesignificanceofit?——In1685CharlesIIdiedandwassucceededby101 hisbrotherJamesII.James,whowasbroughtupinexileinEurope,wasaCatholic,Hehopedtorulewithoutgivinguphispersonalreligiousviews.ButEnglandwasnomoretolerantofaCatholickingin1688than40years.SotheEnglishpoliticiansrejectedJamesII,andappealedtoaProtestantking,WilliamofOrange,toinvadeandtaketheEnglishthrone.WilliamlandedinEnglandin1688.Thetakeoverwasrelativelysmooth,withnobloodshed,noanyexecutionoftheking.ThiswasknownastheGloriousRevolution.WilliamandhiswifeMarywerebothprotestantsandbecameco-monarchs.TheyacceptedtheBillofRights.It’sthebeginningoftheageofconstitutionalmonarchy.8.WhatisyourcommentonlandenclosuresinEngland?——Agriculturalenclosurebecamefrequentinthelate18thandearly19thcenturies.Ithasgoodaswellasbadresults:(1)Farmsbecamebiggerandbiggerunitsasthegreatboughtupthesmall;(2)morevegetables,moremilkandmoredairyproducewereconsumed,anddietbecamemorevaried;(3)enclosurewasadisasterforthetenantsevictedfromtheirlandsbytheenclosures.Theywereforcedtolookforworkintowns,whichrapidlybecamehopelesslyovercrowded.Italsoleadtomassemigration,particularlytotheNewWorld;(4)anewclasshostilitywasintroducedintoruralrelationships.Concentrationoflandinfewerhandsincreasedthepriceoflandanddashedthelabourers’101 hopesofevenowninghisownland.Manybecamewagelabourers,earninglowratesinspiteofagriculture’snewprosperity.9.HowdidtheEnglishIndustrialRevolutionproceed?——TheIndustrialRevolutionbeganwiththetextileindustry.It’scharacterizedbyaseriesofinventionsandimprovementsofmachines,suchasJohnRay’sflyingshuttle,JamesHargreaves’spinningJenny,RichardArkwright’swaterframeandSamuelCropton’smule.TheScottishinventorJamesWattproducedaveryefficientsteamenginein1765,whichcouldbeappliedtotextileandothermachinery.Themostimportantelementinspeedingindustrializationwasthebreakthroughinsmeltingironwithcokeinsteadofcharcoalin1709.Similardevelopmentsoccurredintheforgingsideoftheironindustrywhichenabledirontoreplacewoolandstoneinmanysectorsoftheeconomy.Improvedtransporationranparallelwithproduction.Asaresultoftheindustrialrevolution,Britainwasby1830the“workshopoftheworld”;noothercountrycouldcompetewithherinindustrialproduction.10.WhatdoyouknowabouttheChartistMovementandthePeople’sCharter?What’syourcommentonthem?——TheChartistMovementwasanindustrialworkingclassmovementthathappenedinEnglandfrom1836to1848.In1836agroupofskilledworkersandsmallshopkeepersformedtheLondonWorkingMen’s101 Association.Theydrewupacharterofpoliticaldemands(knownasthePeople’sCharter)in1838,whichhadsixpoints:(1)thevoteforalladultmales,(2)votingbysecretballot,(3)equalelectoraldistricts,(4)abolitionofpropertyqualificationsformembersofParliament,(5)paymentofmembersofParliament,and(6)annualParliament,withaGeneralElectioneveryJune.Supportforthesesixdemandswasloudlyvoicedalloverthecountry.OtherworkingmenformedChartistgroupsthroughoutthecountrytopressParliamenttoacceptthe6points.ButParliamentrejectedthemforthreetimes.Intheend,theChartistMovementfailed.Itfailedbecauseofitsweakanddividedleadership,anditslackofcoordinationwithtrade-unionism.Theworkingclasswasstillimmature.TheChartistMovement,however,thefirstnationwideworkingclassmovementanddrewattentiontoseriousproblems.The6pointswereachievedverygraduallyovertheperiodof1858-1918,althoughthesixthhasneverbeenpractical.11.HowdidtheLabourPartycomeintobeing?——Asthenewworkingclassbecameestablishedintheindustrialtownsinthelate18thcentury,theybecameawareofthepowerwhichtheycouldpossessiftheyactedtogetherinsteadofseparately.SovariousworkingclassorganizationswereformedwhichbroughtabouttheformationoftheLabourParty.TheLabourPartyhaditsoriginsinthe101 IndependentLabourParty,whichwasformedinJanuary,1893andLedbyKeirHardie,aScottishminer.Thefoundationofaneffectivepartyforlabourdependedonthetradeunions.In1900,representativesoftradeunions,theILP,andanumberofsmallsocietiessetuptheLabourRepresentationCommittee(LRC).TheLRCchangeditsnametobeLabourPartyintimeforthegeneralelectionwhichwascalledfor1906.TheLabourPartyremainsoneofthetwomajorpartiesinBritainuntiltoday.12.Whatisaconstitutionalmonarchy?WhendiditbegininBritain?——AconstitutionalmonarchyisagovernmentalsysteminwhichtheheadofStateisakingoraqueenwhoreignsbutdoesnotrule.ThecountryisnamelyreignedbytheSovereign,butvirtuallybyHisorHerMajesty’sGovernment——abodyofMinisterswhoaretheleadingmembersofwhicheverpoliticalpartytheelectoratehasvotedintooffice,andwhoareresponsibletoParliament.TheConstitutionalMonarchyinBritainbeganin1689,whenkingWilliamandQueenMaryjointlyacceptedtheBillofRights,whichguaranteedfreespeechwithinboththeHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommonsandconstitutionalmonarchy,ofamonarchywithpowerlimitedbyParliamentbegan.13.WhatistheroleoftheMonarchyintheBritishgovernment?——Thesovereignisthesymbolofthewholenation.Inlaw,he/she101 isheadoftheexecutive,anintegralpartofthelegislature,headofthejudiciary,thecommander-in-chiefofallthearmedforcesofthecrownandthe“supremegovernor”oftheestablishedchurchofEngland.14.WhatarethemainfunctionsofParliament?——ThemainfunctionsofParliamentare:(1)topasslaws;(2)toprovidethemeansofcarryingontheworkofgovernmentbyvotingfortaxation;(3)toexaminegovernmentpolicyandadministration,includingproposalsforexpenditure;(4)todebatethemajorissuesoftheday.15.Whydothecriminalconvictsliketobetriedfirstbeforethemagistrates’courts?——AMagistrates’courttriessummaryoffencesand“eitherway”offences.Itisopentothepublicandthemediaandusuallyconsistsofthreeunpaid“lay”magistrates.Amagistrates’courtsitswithoutajury.Thecriminallawpresumestheinnocenceoftheaccuseduntilhehasbeenprovedguiltybeyondreasonabledoubt;everypossiblestepistakentodenytotheprosecutionanyadvantageoverthedefence.Noaccusedpersonhastoanswerthequestionsofthepolicebeforetrials;heisnotcompelledtogiveevidenceortosubmittocross-examinationincourt.16.Whatdoesthecivilcourtssystemdo?——Thecivilcourtssystemdoesthefollowingjurisdiction:(1)actionsfoundeduponcontractandtort;(2)trustandmortgagescases;(3)actionsfortherecoveryofland;(4)casesinvolvingdisputesbetweenlandlordsand101 tenants;(5)admiraltycasesandpatentcases;and(7)divorcecasesandotherfamilymatters.17.Whatismeantbytheterm“welfarestate”inBritain?——Thewelfarestateisasystemofgovernmentbywhichthestateprovidestheeconomicandsocialsecurityofitscitizensthroughitsorganizationofhealthservices,pensionsandotherfacilities.Thesystemisfundedoutofnationalinsurancecontributionsandtaxation.InBritainthetermappliesmainlytoNationalHealthService(NHS),nationalinsuranceandsocialsecurity.18.WhatisthemostimportantestablishedChurchinBritain?HowisitrelatedtotheCrownandlinkedwiththeState?——ThemostimportantestablishedChurchinBritainistheChurchofEngland.ItisuniquelyrelatedtotheCrowninthattheSovereignmustbeamemberofthatchurchand,as“DefenderoftheFaith”,mustpromiseonhisorheraccessiontoupholdit.ChurchofEnglandarchbishops,bishopsanddeansofcathedralsareappointedbytheMonarchontheadviceofthePrimeMinister.TheChurchisalsolinkedwiththeStatethroughtheHouseofLords,inwhichthetwoarchbishops(ofCanterburyandYork),thebishopsofLondon,DurhamandWinchester,and21otherseniorbishopsofLondon,DurhamandWinchester,and21otherseniorbishopshaveseats101 19.WhatdistinguishestheOpenUniversityfromallotherBritishUniversities?——TheOpenUniversityisnon-residentialuniversitywhichis“open”toalltobecomestudents.ItoffersdegreeandothercoursesforadultstudentsofallagesinBritainandothermembercountriesoftheEU.Itwasfoundedin1969andbeganitsfirstcoursesin1970.Itwasacombinationofspeciallyproducedprintedtexts,correspondencetuition,televisionandradiobroadcastsandaudio/videocassettes.Forsomecourses,thereareresidentialschools.Thereisanetworkofstudycentersforcontactwithpart-timetutorsandcounselors,andwithfellowstudents.20.Saysomethingaboutthethreeimmigrationwaves.——Thefirstimmigrationwavebeganinthemid1810s,grewsteadilyduringthe1830sand40sandreachedthehighestpointin1845.Thesecondwavecoveredtheperiodbetween1860and1890.Thethirdwavewasthelargestofthethree.Ithappededbetween1890and1914.21.WhydidtheearlysettlerscometoAmerica?WhowerethePilgrims?WhowerethePuritans?WhatwerethefeaturesinthecolonialperiodwhichhadinfluenceonlaterAmericandevelopment?——TheearlysettlerscametoAmericaeitherfortheopportunitytorealizetheirdreamsandbettertheirlivesorforthefreedomfromreligiousandgovernmentalpersecution.ThePilgrimswerepersonswhosufferedreligiouspersecutioninEnglandandwent101 toHollandandlatermovedtoAmericain1620.ThePuritanswerethemembersofaProtestantgroupinEnglandwhowantedtopurifytheChurchofEngland.DissatisfiedandthreatenedinEngland,theysawAmericaasarefugeandmigratedtoAmericasince1630.TherewereanumberoffeaturesinthecolonialperiodwhichhadinfluenceonlaterAmericandevelopment.Theywere:representativeformofgovernment,ruleoflaw,respectofindividualrights,religioustoleranceandastrongspiritofindividualenterprise.22.WhatwerethecausesoftheWarofIndependence?——Theeconomyinthethirteencoloniesdevelopedveryfastandpeoplewantedmorepowertodeteminetheirownbusiness.ButthepolicyoftheBritishgovernmentwastobringthedevelopmentundercontrolandtocollectmoretaxesfromthecolonies.OnApril19,1775,ontheirwaytoConcordtoseizethemilitarysuppliesofthemilitiathere,theBritishsoldiersmetarmedmilitiamen.Theshotswerefired,theWarofIndependencebegan.23.WhatwasunusualabouttheArticleofConfederation?WhatwasthestruggleattheConstitutionalConvention?Howwastheconflictsolved?——TheArticleofConfederationwasunusualinmanyways.First,itprovidedfornoking.ThedraftersblamedthetroubleswithBritainonkingGeorgeIII.Sotheydecidednottohaveakingbuttohavearepublic.Thiswasrevolutionary.Second,whilethe101 ArticlescreatedacentralgovernmentintheformofaCongress,theemphasiswasstillonstatepowers.Third,theArticlesofConfederationwasawrittenconstitutionfortheUnitedStates.Noimportantcountryintheworldatthattime,includingBritain,hadawrittenconstitution.AttheConstitutionConvertionthedelegatesallagreeditwasimpossibletotrytopatchuptheArticlesofConfederation,anddecidedtoignorethemanddrawupanewplanofgovernment.Herecontradictionsemergedbetweenthebiggerstatesandsmallerstates,betweentheindustrialcommercialinterestsandlandedinterests,etc.Intheend,theconflictwasresolvedbythe“GreatCompromise”ofJuly16,givingeachstateandequalvoteintheSenatebutmakingrepresentationintheHousereflectthesizeofeachstate’spopulation.24.WhydidtheCivilWarbreakout?Howdidthewarend?——Intheearly1800s,theNorthernstatesturnedfromfarmingtomanufacturing.BlackslaverysoondisappearedintheNorth.ButthingsweredifferentintheSouth.TheSouthexpandedbothitsagricultureanditsslavery.Theproblemofslaverybecameaserouspoliticalissue.TheabolitioniststriedtoabolishslaverywhiletheSouthtriedtokeepit.WhenAbrahamLincolnwaselectedPresident,theSouthernstatesbrokeawayandformedanewnation.ThenLincolnwasdeterminedtomaintaintheUnionandthewarbrokeout101 onApril12,1861,LincolnrealizedthathecouldwinsupportfortheUnionathomeandabroadbymakingthewarajustwaragainstslavery.SoheissuedEmancipationProclamation.ThusEnglandandFrancestoodbytheUnion’sside.ManyblackslavesjoinedtheUnionArmy.Afteraseriesofbattles,RobertLeecouldnolongerholdRichmond.HesurrenderedonApril9,1865.TheCivilWarended.25.WhatwerethecontentsoftheNewDeal?——TheNewDealincludedthefollowingcontents;(1)establishmentandstrengtheningofgovernmentregulationandcontrolofbanking,creditandcurrencysystems,overcomingthefinancialcrisisandrestrictionofcertainextremepracticesoffinancialcapital;(2)federalgovernmentmanagementofreliefandestablishmentofsocialsecuritysystemsuchastheformationoftheCivilianConservationCropsandthesetting-upoftheTennesseeValleyAuthority;(3)stimulationoftherecoverofindustryandagriculture;(4)formulationandimplementationoffederallabourlawstoraisetheroleoflabourintherelationsofproduction;(5)improvementofthesituationofminoritiesandmembersofcertainreligiousgroups.26.WhatwastheimpactoftheVietnamWar-onAmericansociety?——TheVietnamWarhadagreatimpactonAmericansociety.(1)TheUnitedStateswasweakenedasaresultofthelongwar.(2)AmericansocietyhadneverbeensodividedsincetheCivil101 War.(3)Therewasseriousdisagreementwithintherulingcircle.(4)TheimageoftheUnitedStates,especiallytheimageoftheAmericanarmedforces,wasdiscredited.27.WhowasMcCarthyandwhatwasMcCarthyism?——JosephR.McCarthywasU.S.Senator.HestartedhiscampaignbysayingonFeb.9,1950thathehadthenamesofover200CommunistsintheStateDepartment.Hiscampaignofaccusationandanti-CommunisthysteriawascalledMcCarthyism.28.Whatiscounterculture?Whataresomeoftheformsofcounterculture?——Countercultureisamovementofrevoltagainstthemoralvalues,theaestheticstandards,thepersonalbehaviorandthesocialrelationsofconventionalsociety.Revolutionariesbecamemodelsforsomepeople.Manyyoungpeopleexperimentedwithdrugs.Music,especiallyrockmusic,becamethechiefvehicleforthecountercultureattackonthestatusquo.29.WhatarethefunctionsoftheCongress?——TheCongresshasmanyfunctions,butthemostcentralisthepassageoflaw.Oneofthemostimportantnon-legislativefunctionsoftheCongressisthepowertoinvestigate.AsecondimportantpoweristocompeltestimonyfromunwillingwitnessandtociteforcontemptofCongresswitnesswhorefusetotestify,andforperjurythosewhogivefalsetestimony.101 30.WhataresomeofthecharacteristicsofAmericaneducation?——(1)FormaleducationintheUnitedStatesconsistsofelementary,secondaryandhighereducation.(2)Publiceducationsisfreeandcompulsory.(3)DiversityisconsideredtobeanoutstandingcharacteristicofAmericaneducation.(4)Educationisafunctionofthestates,notthefederalgovernment.V.Writeabout150onthefollowingtopic.1.WhyandhowdidtheEnglishParliamentcomeintobeing?——AfterkingJohndiedin1216,hissonbecameHenryIII.Hefilledthemostimportantofficeswithforeigners,undertookanexpensivewarwhichendedinthelossofalargelandanddemandedmoremoneytoenablehissontobekingofSicily.Sothebaronsrebelled.UndertheleadershipofSimondeMontfort,theydefeatedthekingin1264.In1265,SimondeMontrortsummonedtheGreatCounciltomeetatWestminster,togetherwithtwoknightsfromeachcountryandtwocitizensfromeachtown.Thismeetinghasbeenconsideredastheearliestparliament.TheGreatCouncildevelopedlaterintotheLordsandtheCommonsknownasaparliament.BothHouseswerecalledtoagreetotaxation.TheCommonscouldpresentpetitionstothekingwhichwerethefirstparliamentarybills.ButParliamentonlymetbyroyalinvitation.Itsrolewastoofferadvice,nottomakedecisions.ThemostimportantpartofParliamentwastheHouseofLords.101 2.HowdidtheCivilWarsbreakout?WhatweretheconsequencesoftheCivilWars?——CharlesI,alsobelieved“theDivineRightofkings”.Hisprerogativerightsshouldnotbechallengedbyanyone.ItencouragedconfrontationwithParliament,whosemembershadbecomeincreasinglyPuritaninsympathy.HemanagedtoruleEnglandfor11yearswithoutParliament.Butin1640,CharlesneededmoneyandfearedtheinvasionoftheScotsandhadtocalltheLongParliament.ThenawholeseriesofmeasureswereintroducedbytheParliamentlimitingtheauthorityoftheCrownwhileincreasingitsown.Thus,by1642,thekingandthecommonswereateachother’sthroats,warwasinevitable.In1642,thefirstCivilWarbrokeout.Byautumn1646,ParliamentheldmostofEnglandandnextyearCharleswascapturedbutescaped.HemadeadealwiththeScotswhoinvadedEnglandbutweredefeatedbyCromwell.ThuswasthebeginningoftheSecondCivilWar.InNovember1648,thekingwascapturedagainandcondemnedtodeath.TheEnglishCivilWarshavebeenseenaconflictbetweenParliamentandtheking,butalsoasaconflictbetweentheeconomicinterestsoftheurbanmiddleclassesandthetraditionaleconomicinterestsoftheCrown.TheEnglishCivilWarsnotonlyoverthrewfeudalsysteminEnglandbutalsoshookthefoundationofthefeudalruleinEurope.Itisgenerallyregardedasthebeginningofmodernworldhistory.101 3.Tellbrieflythehistoryofthetwo-partysystemintheUnitedStates.WhatarethecharacteristicsofthetwomajorpartiesintheUnitedStatestoday?——PoliticalpartiesarethebasisoftheAmericanpoliticalsystem.Ingeneral,Americahasatwo-partysystem.Thismeansthattwomajorpoliticalparties-nowtheDemocratsandtheRepublicans-dominatepoliticsatthefederal,stateandlocallevels.TherehavebeenfourperiodsinthehistoryofpoliticalpartiesinAmerica.Thefirstperiodsofthepartysystembeganwiththefirsttwomajorpartiesorcamps——theFederalistsandtheAnti-FederalistsledbyAlexanderHamilton.MostoftheAnti-FederalistslateracceptedtheConstitutionwiththeBillofRights,andbegantocallthemselvesDemocratic-Republican.Afterthe1828electionofAndrewJackson,theDemocratic-RepublicanPartysplit.Themainfaction,ledbyAndrewJackson,calledthemselvestheDemocraticParty,whilethefactionopposedtoJacksonformedtheWhigPartyin1834.Asthestruggleoverslaveryintensified,themajorityoftheWhigParty,partofthedemocrats,andotheranti-slaveryelementsfoundedin1854theRepublicanParty.Thethirdphaseofthetwo-partysystemranfromthe1860stothe1920swiththeRepublicanPartydominatingthepoliticalsceneformostofthetime.ThefourthperiodbeganwithFranklinD.Roosevelt’scomingintopowerandlastedtillthe1980s.Inthisperiod,forabout50years,withshortinterruptions,theDemocraticPartywasdominant.The101 Twomajorpartiesarereallynotverydifferenttoday.Butthisdoesnotmeanthereisnotdifferencebetweenthem.Oneconomicissues,theDemocratstraditionallyfavourgovernmentinterventionwhiletheRepublicansstresstheroleofthemarketmore.OnsocialissuestheDemocratssupportastrongsocialsecuritysystemwhiletheRepublicansopposelargegovernmentsocialsecurityprograms.Inspiteofthesedifferences,thetwopartiesbothbelieveinindividualism,defendcapitalismandupholdprivateownershipofmeansofproduction.Intermsoforganizationthetwopartiesareactuallyloosepoliticalcoalitions.4.WhatwerethecausesandconsequencesoftheWarof1812?——Thecausesleadingtothewarwerethefollowing:(1)AwarbetweenBritainandFrancewasgoingoninEurope.FirsttheAmericangovernmentadoptedapolicyofnotallowingtradingwithbothcountries.LatertheU.S.governmentchangeditspolicybystatingthatifanyofthetwocountriesgaveupitsblockadeagainstAmericanshipping,theU.S.worldlifttheprohibition.In1811,theU.S.,ontheconditionthatFrancewoulddropitsblockadeagainstAmericanshipping,liftedtheban.ThisangeredtheBritish.(2)TheAmericansresentedtheBritishpracticeofimpressingorforciblyremovingseamenfromAmericanshipsonthegroundsthattheywereBritishsubjects.(3)TheU.S.wantedtotakeadvantageoftheWarin101 Europe,whenBritainandFrancehadnotimetolookaftertheirinterestsintheNewWorld,toexpandintoCanadaorSpanishFlorida.ThisharmedtheinterestsoftheBritish.——ThewarhadgreatimpactonthedevelopmentoftheUniteStates.Firstly,thewarmadepeoplerealizetheimportanceofastrongnationalgovernment.Secondly,thewarstrengthenedthefeelingofnationalunityandpatriotism.Thirdly,foralmost10yearsafterthewar,theAmericansturnedtheirattentiontothedevlopmentofthewesternpartofthecontinent.Fourthly,itmadebothBritainandtheUnitedStatesrealizetheirdisputesshouldbeslovethroughnegotiation.Ashakypeacein1814turnedintolasingpeacebetweenthetwocountries.5.Whatroledoesthecommunitycollegeplay?Whatfunctionsdoesitperform?WhatisitimportantinAmericanhighereducation?Whatistheguidingprincipleofsuchacollege?——ThecommunitycollegeasaninstitutionisoneofthemostimportantinnovationsinthehistoryofAmericanhighereducationmoreaccessibleandinmeetingtheneedsofeducatedadults,employeesoflocalbusiness,professionalrequiringcertificationaswellascommunityorganizations.Itperformsfivemainfunctions.First,itpreparesstudentsfortransferringtoaBAprogramatafour-yearinstitution.Second,itprovidesvocationaltrainingforpeoplewhoarealreadyworkingorexpecttobeworkinginthefuture.Third,itgives101 remedialinstructiontohigherschoolstudentswhoareunderpreparedforcollegeacademicallyandadultswhodidnotlearnbasicskillsinelementaryorsecondaryschool.Fourth,itoffersrecreational,culturalactivitiesforadultswhoarenotseekingregularvocationaloracademicskill.Fifth,itabsorbsstudentsinafour-yearprogramwhoarenotqualifiedintoalower-statusvocationalprogram.Theguidingprincipleofcommunitycollegeishighereducationforeveryoneandthephilosophythatequalitymustmeanequalopportunityforself-realizationandfortherecognitionofindividualdifferences.GeneralKnowledgeofBritainandAmericaTestOne　　　第一部分（客观题，共40分）　　I.Directions:Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsoruestionscarefully.ForeachunfinishedstatementorquestionfoursuggestedanswersA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheoneyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.Then,markyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheanswersheet.(25%)　　　　1.BritainisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthe_______andtheNorthSeaintheeast.101 　　A.east　　B.south　　C.west　　D.north　　　　2.ThefirstknownsettlersofBritainwere_______.　　A.theJutes　　B.theCelts　　C.theSaxons　　D.theIberians　　　　3.TheEnglishCivilWarisalsocalled______.　　A.thePuritanRevolution　　B.thesecondMagnaCarta　　C.theLongParliament　　D.theAnglicanWar　　　　4.TheToriesweretheforerunners0f_______,whichstillbearsthenicknametoday.　　A.theLabourParty　　B.theLiberalParty　　C.theSocialDemocraticParty　　D.theConservativeParty101 　　　　5.InBritainonly_______ofthepopulationarefarmersbuttheymanage7O%ofthelandarea.　　A.2%　　B.3%　　C.4%　　D.5%　　　　6.WhichofthefollowingStatementsisNOTtrueaboutthePrimeMinisterinBritain?　　A.HeisappointedbytheQueen.　　B.HeisMinisterfortheCivilService.　　C.HesitsintheHouseofCommons.　　D.Hereceives￡88,292ayear.　　　　7.London"sMetropolitanPoliceForceisdirectlyunderthecontrolof_______.　　A.theLordChancellorB.theHomeSecretary　　C.theAttorneyGeneral　　D.thePrimeMinister　　　　8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheNationalHealthService?101 　　A.ItProvidesforeveryresidentafullrangeofmedicalservices.　　B.Itisadministeredbythecentralgovernment.　　C.Itsemergencyambulancesareavailablefordoctors"urgentcalls.　　D.Ithassufferedfromunderfundinginrecentdecades.　　　　9.Therearesome_______universitiesintheUnitedKingdom,includingtheOpenUniversity.　　A.75　　B.80　　C.85　　D.9O　　　　10.Irelandisdividedintotwopoliticalparts:_______.　　A.NorthernIrelandandsouthernIreland　　B.SouthernIrelandandtheRepublicofIreland　　C.theRepublicofIrelandandNorthernIreland　　D.NorthernIrelandandBritain　　　　11.TheGrandCanyoninnorth-western_______isoneofnature"smostimpeessivesights.　　A.Utah　　B.Arizona101 　　C.Nevada　　D.Idaho　　　　12.ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefrom_______.　　A.EnglandandGermany　　B.EnglandandIreland　　C.EnglandandtheNetherlands　　D.EnglandandSpain　　　　13.TheUnitedStateswenttowarwith_______in1812,thelastwarfoughtbetweenthesetwocountries.　　A.Britain　　B.France　　C.Spain　　D.Mexico　　　　14.In1932,inthedepthofthedepression,theAmericanpeoplechose_______astheirnextpresidentwhopromiseda"newdeal"togetAmericaoutofdepression.　　A.Theodore　　B.FranklinD.Roosevelt101 　　C.WoodrowWilson　　D.HerbertHoover　　　　15.MartinLutherKing,Jr.,ayoungblackclergyman,becameanationalleaderofthe_______Movement.　　A.Boycott　　B.CivilRights　　C.Segregation　　D.Integration　　　　16.ThecultivatedlandintheU.S.makesup_______ofthetotalland,andpeoplewhoareengagedinfarmingmakeuponly2.7%ofthetotalpopulation.　　A.21%　　B.31%　　C.41%　　D.51%　　　　17.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesprovidesthat_______shallbePresidentoftheSenate.　　A.theSecretaryofState　　B.theChiefJustice　　C.thePresident101 　　D.theVicePresident　　　　18.ThetypicalorganizationalpatternforelementaryandsecondaryschoolsintheUnitedStatesisthatof_______.　　A.classifiedschools　　B.vocationalschools　　C.gradedschools　　D.publicschools　　　　19.Inthe1920s,BlackLiteraturedevelopedintoanupsurgewhichhascometobeknownas_______.　　A.theManhattanRenaissance　　B.theHarlemRenaissance　　C.theBlackRevival　　D.theAfrican-AmericanRebirth　　　　20.Ofallthesymbols,_______,whichareconsideredtorepresentfertilityandnewlife:arethosemostfrequentlyassociatedwithEaster.　　A.thepumpkinandtheturkeyB.thelambandthebeef　　C.thespringpeasandthepotatoes　　D.theeggandtherabbit　　101 　　21.CanadawasdividedIntoUpperCanada(Englishspeaking)andLowerCanada(Frenchspeaking)in_______andtheywereunitedagainin_______.　　A.1791/1840　　B.1775/1791　　C.1840/1867　　D.1775/1867　　　　22.Canada"searlyeconomicdevelopmentwasfoundedon_______.　　A.resourceindustries　　B.heavyindustries　　C.lightindustries　　D.manufacturingindustries　　　　23.WhatlawmadeFrenchtheofficallanguageinCanada"sQuebec?　　A.TheOfficialLanguageAct.　　B.TheCharteroftheFrenchLanguageinQuebec.　　C.TheMeechLakeAccord.　　D.ThenewCanadianConstitution.　　　　24.TheCanadianpopulationischieflycharacterizedby101 _______.　　A.itssize　　B.itsgrowth　　C.itslinguisticduality　　D.itsFrenchorigins　　　　25.Australiahasalwaysbeenacontinentwithfewpeoplemainlybecause_______.　　　　A.AustraliaistoofarawayframEurope　　B.Australiaistheleastmountainousandmostleveloftheworld"scontinents　　C.Australiaisseparatedfromtherestoftheworldbyseas　　D.mostofthecontinentishotanddry1，选择题（每小题1分，共25分。）1.B2.D3.A4.D5.B6.D7.B8.B9.D10.C11.B12.C13.A14.B15.B16.A17.D18.C19.B20.D21.A22.A23.B24.C25.D第二部分（主观题，共60分）　　III.Directions:Foreachofthefollowingblanks,onlyonewordissuitable.Writethewordinthecorrespondingspaceonyouranswersheet.(25%)101 　　●ThecapitaloftheRepublicofIrelandis(1)________,andthecapitalofNorthernIrelandis(2)________.　　●TheEnglishRenaissancewaslargely(3)________anditsfinestexponentswereChristopherMarlowe,BenJonsonandWilliam(4)________.　　●TheWhigsweretheforerunnersofthe(5)________PartywhiletheToriesweretheforerunnersofthe(6)________partyofEngland.　　●MostofBritain"soilreservesarethoughttobeunderthe(7)______(8)______.　　●BritishParliamentconsistsoftheSovereign,theHouseof(9)_____andtheHouseof(10)______.　　●TheUnitedKingdomisa(11)______monarchy,itbeganinthe(12)_______thcentury.　　●IntheUnitedKingdom,incriminaltrialsbyjury,the(13)______passessentencebutthe(14)_______decidestheissueofguiltorinnocence.　　●Britainisregardedasa(15)_______state.ThetermappliesmainlytotheNational(16)______Service,nationalinsuranceandsocialsecurity.　　●IntheUnitedKingdom,educationiscompulsoryforallbetweentheagesof(17)______and(18)________.101 　　●TheBritishnationalnewspaperscanbedividedintotwogroups:national(19)_____andnational(20)________.　　●ThemostimportantlakesintheUnitedStatesarethe(21)_____Lakes,theyarealllocatedbetween(22)______andtheUnitedStatesexceptLakeMichigan.　　●Inrespectofpopulation,(23)______(24)_______isthebiggestcityintheUnitedStates.　　●ThelargestoftheracialandethnicminoritiesintheU.S.isthe(25)_______,whowerefirstbroughttoNorthAmericaas(26)______in1619.　　●Counterculturein1960swasamovementof(27)________againstthemoralvalues,theaesthetic(28)_______andthepersonalbehavior.　　●Americangovernmentisdividedintothreebranches:thelegislative,the(29)______andthe(30)________,eachhaspartofthepowersbutnotallthepower.　　●FormaleducationintheUnitedStatesconsistsofelementary,(31)_________and(32)_______education.　　●ThefirstBritishsettlersinCanadawere(33)_______refugeeswhorefusedtofightagainsttheBritisharmyintheWarofAmericanIndependence.Theycalledthemselves(34)________.　　●ItisassumedthatthefirstEuropeanswhoreachedAustralia"sshoreswerethe(35)________andPortuguese,whomwerefollowed101 bythe(36)_______andthentheEnglish.　　●Inthe1950s,therewasaboominAustralia"seconomyandpeople"slivingstandardwashigh,soAustraliawascalled"the(37)_______(38)________"inthatperiod.　　●InWorldWarII,AustraliadeclaredwaronJapanimmediatelyafterJapanbombedtheU.S.navalbaseat(39)_______(40)_________.　　●ThemainfeatureofAustralia"stradeisthatithasalwaysinvolvedtheexchangeof(41)________materialsfor(42)________products.　　●ThebasicstructureofAustraliangovernmentisbasedonboththe(43)______and(44)_______models.●NewZealandhastwomainislands.Theyare(45)________Islandand(46)______Island.　　●NewZealandisasovereignindependentstatewithaparliamentary(47)________andaconstitutional(48)_______.　　●TheofficiallanguagesinNewZealandare(49)________and(50)_______.1，填空题(每小题0。5分，共25分。)1.Dublin2.Belfast3.literay4.Shakespeare5.Liberal6.Conservative7.North8.Sea9.Lords/Commons10.Commons/Lords11.constitutional12.913.judge14.jury15.welfare16.Health17.518.1619.dailies/Sundays20.101 Sundays/dailies21.Great22.Canada23.New24.York25.blacks26.slaves27.revolt28.standards29.executive30.judicial31.secondary32.higher33.Amercian34.Loyalists35.Spanish36.Dutch37.lucky38.country39.Pearl40.Harbour41.raw42.finished43.British/Amercian44.Amercian/British45.North/South46.South/North47.govement48.monarchy49.English/Maori50.Maori/EnglishPartIIHistoryI.MultipleChoice1.ThehistoryoftheU.S.isgenerallyagreedtohavebegunin_____.A.1620B.1607C.17762.Thefollowingstatesareamongthefirstthirteencoloniesexcept_____.A.MarylandB.SouthCarolinaC.DelawareD.Colorado3._____wasthefirstmanwhosailedaroundtheearth.A.JohnCabotB.MagellanC.BalboaD.Cartier4.Thecoloniallifecanbedescribedasthefollowingexcept_____.A.simpleB.easyC.roughD.hard5.TheStampActwaspassedin_____andwasrepealedin_____.A.1765,1766B.1764,1765C.1763,17646.TheFirstContinentalCongresswasheldin_____inSeptember,1774.101 A.PhiladelphiaB.BostonC.NewYork7.TheAmericanWarofIndependencestartedin_____andendedin_____.A.1776,1784B.1775,1783C.1706,17148.WashingtonwonthegreatvictoryonDecember26,1776in_____.A.GettysburgB.PittsburghC.Trenton9.Thebattleof_____markedtheturningpointoftheWarofIndependence.A.NewYorkB.SaratogaC.BunkerHill10.OnOctober19th,1781,theBritishGeneralCornwallisandhis7,000mensurrenderedat_____.A.YorktownB.BostonC.Charleston11.TheConstitutionalConventionwasheldin1787torevise_____.A.TheArticlesoftheConfederationB.BillofRightsC.CivilRights12.Thefirsttenamendments,knownas_____,wereaddedtotheConstitutionin1791.A.theBillofRightsB.theArticlesC.CivilRights13.AftertheFederalGovernmentwasestablished,thecity_____waschosenasthecapitalforthetimebeing.A.WashingtonB.NewYorkC.Philadelphia14.Thepamphlet“CommonSense”waswrittenby_____.A.ThomasEdisonB.ThomasPaineC.ThomasJefferson101 15.TheSecondPresidentJohnAdamsadoptedahigh-handedpolicywhichwascalled_____.A.the“IntolerableActs”B.Un-AmericanActivitiesC.theSeditionAct16.ThegreatestcontributionmadebyPresidentThomasJeffersonwashis_____.A.abolishingtheSeditionActB.reducingtaxesC.purchasingLouisianafromFrance17.TheSecondAnti-EnglishWarbrokeoutin_____andendedin_____.TheU.S.wonthewar.A.1812,1814B.1813,1815C.1814,181618.AstheresultoftheU.S.-MexicanWar,nearly_____oftheentireterritoryofMexicowaslost. A.1/4B.1/2C.1/319.In1844theU.S.forcedtheChineseGovernmenttosignthefirstunequaltreatyof_____.A.WangxiaB.NanjingC.Tianjin20.TheArticlesofConfederationwasacceptedbyallthe_____statesin_____.A.50,1781B.13,1781C.13,178721._____waschosenasthecapitalforthetimebeinginWashington’sadministration.101 A.NewYorkB.ChicagoC.Boston22.Itwas_____whoadvancedfourplanswhichmetbittercriticismsfrommanypeople.A.AlexanderHamiltonB.ThomasJeffersonC.GeorgeWashington23._____wasthefirstAmericanPresidentwhowasinauguratedinthecityofWashington.A.JohnAdamsB.ThomasJeffersonC.JamesMadison24.TheWarwithEnglandbetween1812and1814happenedduringtheadministrationofPresident_____.A.JamesMadisonB.JamesMonroeC.JohnAdams25.The_____stoppedtheHolyAlliance’sprogram,andpreventedtheEuropeancountriesfromextendingtheirinfluence.A.MonroeDoctrineB.SeditionActC.HolyAlliance26._____wasthefirstpresidentwhodevelopedthepowerofvetointooneofthemeansofmakinglaws.A.JohnAdamsB.AndrewJacksonC.AndrewJohnson27._____madeslaverypossibleinthenewterritoriessuchasinKentuckyandNebraska.A.DouglasBillB.MonroeDoctrineC.SeditionAct28.DuringtheCivilWarLincolnissuedthe_____,whichdeclaredtheabolitionofslavery.A.HomesteadBillB.EmancipationProclamation101 C.BothAandB29.TheBattleof_____wastheturningpointoftheAmericanCivilWar.A.BullRunB.GettysburgC.Richmond30.ThefirstimperialistwartookplacebetweentheU.S.and_____in1898.A.BritainB.FranceC.Spain31.ThefirstAmericanPresidentfromtheRepublicPartyis_____.A.AbrahamLincolnB.AndrewJohnsonC.ThomasJeffersonD.GeorgeWashington32.In1918President_____issuedthe“FourteenPoints”.A.WoodrowWilsonB.WilliamH.TaftC.TheodoreRooseveltD.WarrenG.Harding33.HaymarketMassacretookplacein_____inMay1886.A.NewYorkB.ChicagoC.Washington34.In1894,theAmericanindustrialproductionheldthe_____placeintheworld.A.firstB.secondC.third35.McCarthywasnotoriousforhisharsh_____persecutionoftheprogressivepeople.A.religiousB.spiritualC.political36.TheKuKluxKlanwasthemostnotoriousterroristsocietywhichpersecutedthe_____.101 A.blacksB.IndiansC.progressivepeople37.OnAugust14,1914,theU.S.andBritainissuedajointcommuniquécalled_____.A.theTeheranDeclarationB.theAtlanticCharterC.theWashingtonProclamation38.InSino-AmericanrelationsTheodoreRooseveltexercisedtheso-called“_____”,invadingChinabymeansofbothforceandculture.A.OpenDoorPolicyB.BigStickC.DouglasBill39.TheFirstWorldWarbrokeoutonJuly28th,_____andendedonNovember11th,_____,lastingforaboutfouryears.A.1913,1917B.1914,1918C.1915,191940.ThetwomilitaryalliancesduringWWIwerethe_____andthe_____.A.Axis,AlliesB.HolyAlliance,AxisC.CentralPowers,Allies41.Theassassinationofa(n)_____prince,ArchDukeFedinand,servedasthedirectfusefortheoutbreakofWWI.A.AustraliaB.BelgiumC.Austria42.Altogether_____countriesbecameinvolvedinorweredraggedintoWWI.A.33B.38C.3943.ThefrequentemergenceoftheeconomiccrisisintheU.S.A.ledtothefollowingdisastrouseffectsexcept_____.101 A.inflationB.theriseofpricesC.thedecreaseofpopulationD.thedecreaseofthepurchasingcapacity44.InApril1945aconferencewasheldat_____toorganizetheUnitedNations.A.SanFranciscoB.NewYorkC.Philadelphia45._____countriesattendedtheconferenceofthefoundlingoftheUN.A.48B.47C.4546.Atthe_____Conference,theheadsoftheSovietUnion,theU.S.andBritaindiscussedtheproblemofopeningthesecondbattlefieldinEurope.A.YaltaB.TeheranC.Casablanca47.InJuly1945,Britain,theU.S.andtheSovietUnionmetatPotsdamtoformulateanoccupationpolicyandsetupaprogramforthefutureofGermany.Themeetingwasthefamous_____Conference.A.CairoB.TeheranC.PotsdamD.Quebec48.ThetwofightingsidesinWWIIwere_____.A.theAlliesandtheAxis(powers)B.theAxisandHolyAllianceC.theCentralPowersandtheAllies49.The_____wasthetreatysignedatVersailles,nearParisinFrancein1919.A.ParisTreatyB.VersaillsTreatyC.TeheranTreaty101 50.ThemeetingwasheldatYaltaintheCrimeaoftheSovietUnioninFeb,1945.Atthemeetingmanymatterswerediscussed,includingthefinaldefeatofGermany,thedemilitarizationofGermany,thefoundingoftheU.N.etc.,thiswasthefamous_____Conference.A.YaltaB.TeheranC.Potsdam51.TheCommunistPartyoftheUSwasfoundedin_____.A.1920B.1918C.191952.TheU.S.CommunistPartywasre-establishedin1945with_____asitsgeneralsecretary.A.LevestoneB.WilliamFosterC.EarlBrowder53.TheGreatDepressionof_____toshooktheUSandthewholecapitalistworldtoitsfoundations.A.1929,1933B.1933,1937C.1924,192954.Theprogrammeof1947thatAmericawouldofferitsmoneysuppliesandmachinerytoanyEuropeannationthatwishedtoparticipateinwascalled_____.A.EisenhowerDoctrineB.MarshallPlanC.TrumanDoctrine55.The_____brokeoutinJune1950andendedinthesummerof1953.A.VietnamWarB.ColdWarC.KoreanWar56.InApril1949twelvenationsestablishedtheNATOtocoordinatethemilitaryactionsofmembernationsagainstthe_____.101 A.GermanyB.JapanC.SovietUnion57.TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutinSeptember,_____andendedinAugust_____.A.1939,1945B.1937,1943C.1938,194558.AfterWWIIthereemergedanewbalanceofpowerbetween_____and_____.A.theAllies,theAxisPowersB.theUSSR,theUSAC.theoldcapitalistcountries,thenewones59.Thereoccurred_____economiccrisesfromtheendofWWIItothemiddleofthe1970’s.A.sixB.fiveC.seven60.ThePresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltproposedapolicycalled_____tosavetheeconomicsituation.A.GoodNeighbourB.theOpenDoorPolicyC.theNewDeal61.TheBattleof_____tookplacein1942anditwastheturningpointofthePacificarea.A.MidwayIslandB.BritainC.Normandy62.InFeb._____camePresidentNixon’shistoricvisittoChina.A.1979B.1972C.197363.In1953,_____endedinthefailureoftheU.S.A.theKoreanWarB.theVietnamWarC.theUS-SpanishWar64.OnDecember7th,1941,thebaseoftheAmericanPacificFleet,101 PearlHarbour,wassuddenlyattackedbythe_____airforceandnavy.A.SpanishB.FrenchC.Japanese65.TheoriginalUnionconsistsof_____atthetimeofitsindependence.A.13B.50C.4866.ThefirstthirteenstatesoftheUSmainlylocated_____seaboard.A.theeasternB.thewesternC.thenorthern67._____appointedmanyofthecolonialgovernors.A.TheEnglishKingB.thelocalgovernmentC.thelocalpeople68.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedbyacommitteeincluding_____ashead.A.GeorgeWashingtonB.ThomasJeffersonC.bothAandB69._____wastheBritishkingwhencolonialAmericansdeclaredtheirindependence.A.KingGeorgeIB.KingGeorgeIIIC.KingGeorgeII70.In1945aconferencewasheldin_____tofoundtheUnitedNations.A.SanFranciscoB.ChicagoC.NewYork71.PresidentNixonvisitedChinain_____.A.1973B.1974C.1972101 72._____wastheonlyAmericanpresidentwhowasre-electedthreetimesinsuccession.A.TheodoreRooseveltB.GeorgeWashingtonC.FranklinD.RooseveltD.ThomasJefferson73.Thecity’sname“Philadelphia”means_____.A.brotherlyloveB.fishingpitC.philosophy1.Itwas_____whofirstdiscoveredtheAmericain1492.2.TheNewWorldwasnamedafter_____Vespucci.3._____wasthefirstmanwhosailedaroundtheearth.4.TheIndianslivinginAmericaareall_____skinnedanddark-haired.5.TheWarof_____brokeoutin1775andendedin1783.6.TheFirstWorldWarbrokeoutonJuly28thin_____.7.In1620someEnglishPuritanssailedtoPlymouthonashipcalled_____.8.OnJuly4th,1776,thedocumentcalledtheDeclarationof_____wasacceptedbytheAmericanCongress.9.ThefirstEnglishcolonywas_____.10.LexingtonFirewasthe_____oftheWarofIndependence.11.In1803theUnitedStatespurchasedLouisianafrom_____.12.TheU.S.-_____Warbrokeoutin1898.13.TheGreatDepressionof1929-_____shooktheUnitedStatesandthewholecapitalistworldtoitsfoundation.101 14.The__________policywentintoeffectbythespringof1947whenTrumanDoctrinecameforth.15.TheConfederateUnionofAmericaconsistedof_____southernstates.16.DuringtheCivilWarLincolntooktwoimportantmeasures,onewasthe__________,theotherwasthe__________.17.Bytheendof_____century,theU.S.hadbecomethemostpowerfulcountryintheworld.18.TheU.S.boughttheareaofAlaskafrom_____in1867.19.TheConstitutionConventionlasted_____weeksfromMaytoSeptember,_____.20.TheConstitutiondrawnupattheendofIndependenceWariscalledthe_____oftheConfederation.21.TheConstitutionof_____establishedthedictatorshipoftheAmericabourgeoisiebigcapitalistsandbigslaveowners.22.ThebourgeoisdemocraticpersonagesheadedbyThomasJefferson,wereopposedtotheConstitution.Theywerecalled_____.23.Thepeople,headedbyJohnHamilton,whosupportedtheConstitutionof1787,werecalled_____.24.DuringWashington’sadministrationThomasJeffersonwasappointed_____of_____.25.ThewarwithEnglandbetween1812-1814wascalledtheSecond_____of_____.101 26.PresidentJohnQ.Adamswasthesonofthe_____president,JohnAdams.27.Theformingofthe_____AlliancewastosuppresstheSouthAmericanrevolution.28.AndrewJacksonwasthefirstpresidentwhodevelopedthepowerof_____intooneofthemeansofmakinglaws.29.Thefirstgreattidefrom1840to1860inAmericawasthe_____movement.30.Thefamousnovel“_______________”byMrsStowearousedagreatanduniversalhatredforslavery.31.Amannamed__________beganarisingwhichaimedatsolvingtheslaverytroublebyforce.32.In_____thefirstgroupofEnglishcolonistscametoAmerica.33.From1863to1867_____Reconstructiondominatedthereconstructionofthesouth.34.WiththepassageofthemilitaryReconstructionActinMarch1867thepowerofReconstructionofthesouthpassedfrompresidenttothe_____.35.Themostnotorioussocietywhichmainlypersecutedtheblackswas_______________.36.The__________Conferencein1919wasinfactameetingtodividethespoilsandredividetheoldcolonies.37.The_____ConferencewastheconstitutionoftheParisPeace101 Conference.38.The_____post-wareconomiccrisisoccurredfrom1973to1975wasthemostseriouscrisis.39.TheCommunistPartyofChinasent_______________toattendtheConferenceofthefoundingofU.N.andsignedthecharter.40.The_____DeclarationwaspublishedattheCairoConference.41.ThemainforceoftheJapaneseUnitedFleetwasdestroyedbyAmericainthe__________Battle.42.The_____WorldWarwasadestructivewarandananti-fascistwar.43.The_____Programmewassuccessfullycarriedoutin1969andtwoAmericanastronautslandedonthemoon.44.AfterWWIIthe__________emergedonthesceneandcontainmentofCommunismbecamethebasisoftheAmericanforeignpolicy.45.ThesourceofWWIIinEuropecamefrom_____.46.ThedirectcausethattheU.S.enteredWWIIwastheJapanesesuddenraidoftheUS’snavalbaseat__________.47.In1939Germanyfirstlaunchedthelighteningattackon_____andEnglandand_____thendeclaredwaronGermany.48.ThedroppingofthetwoatombombsbyAmericaforced_____tosurrenderunconditionally.49.Thesecondpost-warcrisisoccurredduring1953and1954was101 causedbythe_____War.50.Itwaspresident_____whomovedtowardimprovingrelationswithChina.51.AmericaparticipatedintheSecondWorldWarintheyear_____.52.In_____ChinaandU.S.A.normalizedtheirrelationship.53.TheoutstandingleaderoftheCivilRightsMovementwas_______________.54.__________uprisingin1859helpedtheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.55.“Iknownotwhatcourseothersmaytake,butforme,givemelibertyorgivemedeath.”Thiswassaidby__________.PartIII.BDBBAABCBAAABBCCABABAABAABABBCAABACABABCCBCAABCABACBABCCABACABACAAABBACCAII.1.ColumbusAmerigoMagellanredIndependence1914MayflowerIndependenceVirginiapreludeFranceSpanish1933ColdWar11HomesteadBill,EmancipationProclamation19thRussia13,1787Articles1787anti-federalistFederalistsSecretary,StateWar,IndependencesecondHolyvetoWestwardUncleTom’sCabinJohnBrown1607Presidental101 CongressKuKluxKlanParisPeaceWashingtonsixthdeputyDongBiwuCairoMidwayIslandSecondApolloCommunistPartyGermanyPearlHarbourPolandJapanKoreanNixon19411979MartinLutherKingJohnBrownPatrickHenryAmericanSurveyTest 地理1.The_____partofAmericaconsistsofhighplateausandmountainsformedbytheGreatCordilleraRange.A.easternB.westernC.northeastern2.Ineastern_____liesDeathValley,85metresbelowsealevel.A.CaliforniaB.UtahC.Arizona3.Inthewestofthe_____lietheColoradoPlateausandtheColumbiaPlateaus.A.RockyMountainB.CoastRangeC.CascadesMountains4.The_____liesbetweentheColoradoPlateausandColumbiaPlateausA.GreatBasinB.ColoradoValleyC.GreatPlains5.ThefamousYellowstoneNationalParkissituatedinnorthwesternpartof_____.101 A.CaliforniaB.ArizonaC.Wyoming6.Theworld-knownColoradoValleyliesinnorthern_____,whichiscutbytheColoradoRiver.A.ArizonaB.UtahC.Montana7.AmongthefiveGreatLakes,only_____iswhollywithintheUnitedStates.A.ErieB.SuperiorC.Michigan8.Onlytheclimateinthesouthernpartof_____istropical.A.FloridaB.GeorgiaC.Virginia9.Washington,thecapitaloftheUS,isonthe_____river.A.PotomacB.DelawareC.St.Laurence10.ThewidthoftheNiagaraFallisabout_____metresandthedropaverage_____metres.A.1650,50B.1240,49C.1540,4911._____partisthemostdenselypopulatedregioninAmerica.A.ThesouthernB.ThenortheasternC.Thewestern12.TheGreatSaltLakeliesinnorthern_____.A.IdahoB.ArizonaC.NevadaD.Utah13._____hasbeencalledthe“cradleofAmericanLiberty”.A.PhiladelphiaB.PlymouthC.Boston14.About_____oftheworld’sannualagriculturalproductscomefromtheUnitedStates.A.halfB.onethirdC.twothirds101 15.ThehighestmountainintheU.S.isMount_____.A.AppalachianB.MekinleyC.Rocky16.MountMekinleyliesinthe_____Range.A.SierraNevadaB.CascadesC.Alaska17.ThetwolargestChinatownsarelocatedinthefollowingcitiesexcept_____.A.NewYorkB.SanFranciscoC.Miami18.Theworld’slargestfreshwaterlakeisLake_____.A.SuperiorB.OntarioC.Victoria19.Theworld-famousNiagaraFallsliebetweenlakesof_____.A.ErieandMichiganB.ErieandOntarioC.SuperiorandHaron20._____oftheAmerica’sterritoryiscoveredwithforests.A.1/4B.1/5C.1/321.Texas,havingbelongedto_____,wasannexedbytheU.S.in1845.A.FranceB.RussiaC.Mexico22.Hawaiiisinthe_____Ocean.A.AtlanticB.IndianC.Pacific23.TheAmericanblackpopulationconsistsof_____ofthetotalpopulation.A.1/10B.1/5C.1/924._____isthelargeststateinareaintheU.S.A.A.FloridaB.LouisianaC.Alaska101 25.TheUnitedStatestodayisthe_____largestcountryinsizeintheworld.A.thirdB.fifthC.fourth26.Abouthalfofthetotalpopulationisconcentratedinthefollowingareasexcept_____.A.AtlanticCoastB.PacificCoastC.NorthwestD.aroundtheGreatLakesE.GulfofMexico27.Thereare_____riversystemsintheU.S.A.A.8B.3C.628.Detroitisfamousfortheproductionof_____.A.automobileB.timberC.bamboo29.TheCitySt.LouisinAmericaiscalledthegatewaytowardsthe_____.A.EastB.WestC.NortheastD.Southwest30.Thecity_____isgiventhenickname“SpaceCityofU.S.A.”.A.BostonB.HoustonC.SanFrancisco31.The_____weretheoriginalinhabitantsinAmerica.A.blacksB.IndiansC.PuertoRicans32.Thesteelandironindustriesaremainlydistributedaroundthecityof_____,providing_____percentofthetotaloutputeachyear.A.Pittsburgh,60B.Chicago,50C.NewYork,6033.ThelargestindustrialcityinAmericais_____.A.ChicagoB.BostonC.Houston101 34.OnlytheclimateinthesouthwesternpartofFloridabelongsto_____.A.subtropicalB.continentalC.tropical35.¬_____isfamousformanystoresandshops.A.WallStreetB.BroadwayC.FifthAvenue36.In_____peoplecanfindthehistoricalspot,theIndependenceNationalHistoricalPark.A.PhiladelphiaB.St.LouisC.SanFrancisco37.BostonissituatedinBostonBay,_____.A.MaineB.MassachusettsC.Connecticut38.TheColumbiaRiverandtheColoradoRiverbelongtothesystemof_____.A.theGulfB.theAtlanticC.thePacificI.Fillintheblanks1.TheUnitedStatesissituatedinthe_____partof_____America.2.TheU.S.isboundedby_____onthenorthandby_____andtheGulfofMexicoonthesouth.3.TothewestofAmericaliesthe_____Ocean.4.TotheeastofAmericaliesthe_____Ocean.5.TheseatoftheAmericanFederalGovernmentistheDistrictof_____.6.The_____partismadeupofthehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange.101 7.Thefamous_____NationalParkislocatedinthenorthwesternpartofWyoming.8.Thewesternpartofthecentralplainisalsocalledthe“__________”.9.TheMississippiRiverflowsfromthe_____lakestotheGulfof_____.10.ThelowestpointinthewholeofNorthAmericais__________.11.Theworld-known__________liesinnorthernArizona,whichiscutbytheColoradoRiver.12.ThelargestislandsaltlakeinNorthAmericaisthe__________Lake.13.TheUnitedStatesincludes_____statesanda_____district,theDistrictofColumbia.14.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasfirstreadonJuly4th,_____.15.Thetwomaintributariesofthe_____RiveraretheMissouriRiverandtheOhioRiver.16.ThefiveGreatLakesliebetweentheboundaryof_____andtheUnitedStates.17.Throughthemiddleofthecountry,northandsouth,runsalinewhichisknownasthe____________________.18.TheSouthregioninAmericahasingeneral,awarmclimate.Peopleoftencallitthe“__________”.101 19.Thelargeststate,_____,isfamousforitsglacier,waterfallandripples.20.Thererisesthetendencyofshiftingthecentreofindustriesfromthe_____tothe_____.21.Thefamous__________isknownasthefinancialcentre,thesymboloftheAmericanmonopolycapitalism.22._____isthecentreoftheatresinAmerica.23.ThenicknameofPittsburghisthe_____and_____City.24._____isthesecondlargestinpopulationintheU.S.25.Thetwoyoungeststatesare_____inthenortheasternpartofAmericaand_____inthecentralPacific.26.MostoftheinhabitantsintheU.S.areof_____origin.27.NegroslaveswerefirstbroughttoAmericaatthebeginningofthe_____century.28.TheDeathValleyis_____metresbelowsealevel.29.ThepopulationoftheUnitedStatesisabout_____million.30.TheStatueofLibertyIslandin__________harbour.31.__________isthebaseofthePacificFleetoftheU.S.A.32.__________isthesmalleststateinsizeandthemostdenselypopulatedstateoftheU.S.A.33.Fromageographicalpointofview,thefiftystatesaregroupedinto_____regions.34.ThenicknameofHoustonCityis__________.101 35._____becamethefiftiethstateoftheUnitedStatesin1959.36.__________isthelongestandthemostimportantriverinthesystemofGulf.37.TheLibraryofCongressisinthecityof_____.38.NewEnglandislocatedinthe_____cornerofthecountry.39.TheareaofthePacificcoastisknownforitsgrowthoffruits,vegetablesandwheat,especiallyin_____.40.TheMiddleAtlanticRegionismarkedbyitsindustry.Itisoftencalledthe_____Northeast.II.ExplaintheFollowingTerms1.“Thebackboneofthecontinent”2.meltingpot美国地理部分答案： PartII.BAAACACAABBDAABCCABACCACCCBABBBAACCABCII.1.central,northCanada,MexicoPacificAtlanticColumbiaeasternYellowstoneGreatPlainsGreat,MexicoDeathValleyColoradoValleyGreatSalt50,federal1776MississippiCanada50centimetreRainfallLineSunnySouthAlaskaSouthwestWallStreetBroadwayIron,SteelChicagoAlaska,Hawaii101 European17th85240/256NewYorkPearlHarbourRhodeIsland8SpaceCityHawaiiMississippiRiverWashingtonnortheasternCaliforniaIndustrial英国的起源1.ThefirstknownsettersofBritainweretheIberians.伊比例亚人2.TheCeltsbegantoarriveabout700BCandkeptcominguntilthearrivaloftheRomans.凯尔特人3.JuliusCaesar,thegreatromangeneral,invadedBritainforthefirsttimein55BC.Fornearly400years,Britainwasunderromanoccupation.罗马统治4.Inthemid-5thcenturyanewwaveofinvaders,Jutes,Saxons,andAnglescametoBritain,theywerethreeTeutonictribes.5.TheNormanconquestofEnglandisperhapsthebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.UnderWilliam,thefeudalsysteminEnglandwascompletelyestablished.101 BBBADDACAC1.TheNormanConquesthappenedin____A.55BCB.1066C.700D.9662.Inthelate16thcentury,_____ruledEngland.A.HenryVB.ElizabethICQueenMarryDElizabethII3.ThelargestriverinIrelandis____A.theDodderRiverBtheShannonRiverCtheSt.GeorgeRiverDtheThamesRiver4.TheAmericanConstitutionwasdrawnupin____A1787B1790C1783D17895.DickensandThackeray,whoaremostfamousfortheirnovel,livedintheperiodof____AQueenElizabethIBHenryVIIICCharlesIIDQueenVictoria6.____iswrittenbyAlanPoe.101 ATwice-ToldTalesBTheScarletLetterCTheHouseoftheSevenGablesDTheFalloftheHouseofUsher7.RipVanWinkleiswrittenby_____A.WashingtonIrvingBHenryDavidThoreauCRalphWaldoEmersonDJamesFenimoreCooper8.____isnotavowelglideA[th]B[oi]C[ei]D[au]9.Theinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformedarethesubjectsof____AmorphologyBpragmaticsCanthropologyDpsychology10.Forthefollowingconversation:A:DoyouknowwhereXiaoWangis?B:I’mbusy____istheconversationimplicature.A.BisbusyB.BdoesnoknowwhereXiaoWangis.C.BdoesnotwanttoanswerA’squestions.D.Biscorrect101 101 美国概况练习题：101 1Theworld-famousHavardUniversityisin_____.AMassachusettsBNewYorkCWashingtonD.C.DMaine2WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAmericaneducationiswrong?AElementaryandsecondaryeducationinAmericaisfreeandcompulsoryBPrivateschoolsarefinanciallysupportedbyreligiousornonreligiousprivateorganizationsorindividuals.CTherearemorepubliccollegesanduniversitiesthantheprivateonesDCreditstakenatcommunitycollegesarenormallyapplicabletorequirementforafour-yearbachelor’sdegree.3_____isasymbolofAmericantheatreandworld-classentertainment.ABroadwayBWallStreetCTheFifthAvenueDTimesSquare4____isnotatouristattractionintheUnitedStates.AYellowstoneNationalParkBGrandCanyonCSt.Patrick’sCathedralDStonehenge5____wasanactorbeforehebecamethePresident.ARonaldReaganBAbrahamLincolnCHerbertHooverDJimmyCarter6NewEnglanderswereoriginallyknownas_____,whichcometostandforall101 Americans.AHippiesBYankeesCUncleSamDBrotherJonathan7Onthe30thofApril1789,GeorgeWashingtontooktheoathofofficein_____,whichhousedthegovernmentthen.ANewYorkBWashingtonD.C.CPhiladelphiaDBoston8WhichofthefollowingpeoplewasnotanAmericanPresident?AJohnHancockBJohnAdamsCJohnQ.AdamsDJimmyCarter9HenryFondwasthefirstmanto_____.AdesignaplaneBflyanaeroplaneCmass-producitonDdesignandmakeacar10“Thatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,…”werethewordsby_____.AThomasJeffersonBAbrahamLincolnCAndrewJohnsonDTheodoreRoosevelt练习题答案及题解:1A,哈佛大学位于马萨诸塞州的剑桥(Cambridge)镇。2C,在美国，私立高等教育机构要多于公立的。象麻省理工，耶鲁大学，哈佛大学都是私立的。3A,百老汇是一条由南向北贯穿曼哈顿全岛的大道，其中心地带是在第42借“时代广场”附近，周围云集了几十家剧院，上演被称为现代歌舞剧的剧目。4D,Stonehenge在英国，是古代城池的遗迹。101 5A,里根从政前曾经在好莱坞闯荡20多年，参与演出了50多部电影。6B,Yankees一词具有丰富的含义。现在用于代表美国人，俗称美国佬。在美国南部，Yankee是指美国北部各州的居民，即北方佬；而对多数美国人来说，Yankee意味着新英格兰人。7A,1789年GeorgeWashington在纽约宣誓就职，1790年首都迁往费城。1800年以后定都华盛顿。8A,JohnHancock，因其当时在《独立宣言》上的签名很大，他的名字在美语里变成了签名的代名词。9C,HenryFord早期是一名技师，虽然没有发明汽车，但他是第一位批量生产汽车的人。10B,这是AbrahamLincoln于1863年11月19日在葛底斯堡阵亡将士墓举行落成仪式上发表的著名的《葛底斯堡演说》的片语。。BCAAACACAB1.St.LawrenceandRiverColumbiaaresharedbyboth____AAmericaandMexicoBAmericaandCanadaCAmericaandCubaDAmericaandBrazil101 2.EuropeansettlementofAustraliabeganinthelatepartof____whenaBritishpenalcolonywasestablishedontheeastcoastofthecontinent.Athe16thcenturyBthe17thcenturyCthe18thcenturyDthe19thcentury3.WhichsportissupposedtobeAmerica’snationalsportandusedtobecall“American’sfavorablepastime”?AbaseballBbasketballCrugbyDcricket4.ThelargestcityinNewZealandis____AAucklandBWellingtonCChristchurchDDunedin5.AfterAdamBede,____wroteTheMillontheFlossandSilasMarnerinwhichmoralproblemsarediscussedandpsychologicalanalysisofcharactersareemphasized.AGeorgeEliotBJaneAustinCGeorgeDickensDCharlotteBronte6.AllofthefollowingodesarewrittenbyJohnKeatsEXCEPT____AOdetoAutumnBOdetoaNightingaleCOdetoaSkylarkDOdeonMelancholy7.Of____’sfourfamouscomedies,thebestknownisLadyWindermere’sFan.AOscarWildeBRichardSheridanCBernardShawDSomersetMaugham101 8.Iftheairstreammeetswithnoobstructionwhenasoundispronounced,itisa(n)____AvoicedconsonantBvoicelessconsonantCvowelDexplosive9.Theinternationallyacceptedsystemofphonetictranscriptionis____AI.P.ABI.A.P.SCI.S.SDS.S.I.P10.Withthe____,LatinwordswereaddedintothevocabularyofthelanguagespokeninBritain.AinvasionoftheRomansBChristianizationofBritainCScandinavianinvasionDNormanConquest美国人口构成ACCBBDBBAA1.ThepopulationoftheUnitedStatesisabitmorethan272million,about13%ofwhichareBlack,12%areHispanic(讲西班牙语的人)，4%areAsianandtherestareWhiteAmericans.101 2.ItisthethirdmostpopulouscountryintheworldafterChinaandIndia.3.ThemostpopulousstatesareCalifornia,Texas,NewYork,FloridaandIllinois.4.Morethan80%ofAmericansliveinurbanareas.巩固：按照人口数量排列，美国在世界排在第几位；按照面积排，美国又是排第几位呢？1.Christmasisusuallyconnectedto____AthereunionofalargefamilyBtheeatingofEastereggsCtheresurrectionofChristDtheforgivingofother’ssins2.ThelargestoftheethnicminoritiesinAmericais____AtheblacksBtheMexico-AmericansCtheSpanish-AmericansDtheChinese3.TheBritishestablish____coloniesalongtheeastcoastofNorthAmericanbetween16.7and1733.A.11B12C13D14101 4.ThelargestuniversityinCanadais____ALavalUniversityBTheUniversityofTorontoCMcGillUniversityDSimonFraserUniversity5.RobinsonCrusoeiswrittenby____AHenryFieldingBDanielDefoeCSamuelRichardsonDJonathanSwift6.____iswrittenbyWaltWhitman.ARepresentativeMenBEnglishTraitsCNatureDLeavesofGrass7.____isnotanovelist.AHenryJamesBEmilyDickinsonCWilliamDeanHowellsDMarkTwain8.____isnotoneofthecorebranchesoflinguistics.APhonologyBPsycho-linguisticsCSyntaxDSemantics9.____isthecommonfactorofthethreesounds:[p],[t],[k]AvoicelessBspreadCvoicedDnasal10.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintostops,fricatives,nasals,etc,intermsof101 ____AmannerofarticulationBopennessofmouthCplaceofarticulationDvoicing新西兰，由于新西兰整个国家非常狭窄，所以新西兰的任何地方距离海洋都不超过110公里，全国只有一个时区。新西兰正好位于国际日期变更线以西的第一个时区，所以它是第一个迎接新一天的国家。BBACBAADAB1.Itwasduring____reignthatthenameGreatBritaincameintobeing.AMary"sBAnne"sCJameII"sDOliverCromwell2.WhereisEdinburgh?AInWalesBInScotlandCInNorthernIrelandDInIreland3.OneofthemostfamousnationalparksintheU.S.isthe____AYellowstoneNationalParkBHydeParkCKakaduNationalParkDAmericanFishingCenter101 4.NewZealandisjustwestoftheInternationalDateLine,soitisthefirstcountrytoget____AfrozenBwetCthenewdayDunited5.Mr.Darcyisacharacterin____ATessoftheD"UrbervillesBPrideandPrejudiceCHappyPrinceDTheMillontheFloss6.LyricalBalladsisthejointworkbetweenWordsworthandhisfriend____AColeridgeBBryonCKeatsDShelly7.____istherepresentativeworkoftheJazzAgeATheGreatGatsbyBOntheRoadCLookBackinAngerDTheSunAlsoRises8.Thedistinctionoflangueandparoleismadeby____AHallBSapirCChomskyDSaussure9.____examineshowmeaningisencodedinalanguage.ASemanticsBSyntaxCPragmaticsDMorphology10.Thesentence“Iapologize!”belongstothecategoryof____accordingtothespeechact101 theory.A.expressiveBperformativeCrepresentativeDconstative101'