聚乙烯pe压力污水管道施工工法(含施工图) 13页

'聚乙烯(PE)压力污水管道施工工法1、前言目前聚乙烯（PE）塑料管材在污水管道工程中已逐步代替了传统的铸铁管和水泥管，聚乙烯(PE)压力管（以下简称PE管）管材连接更容易、安装更迅捷、受地震影响更小，具有耐高压、耐久性好、抗腐蚀性好等优点，适用于各种污水管道工程。通过对绍兴县杨江公路等市政工程上使用PE100压力污水管道施工的实践，经对管道的安装、连接等工艺进行系统分析，我公司总结出一套施工速度快、质量好的施工技术，取得了较好的社会效益与经济效益，特整理为工法进行推广应用。2、特点2.0.1本工法施工便捷、快速，比普通钢管可提高施工效益30%～50%；耐氧化、耐腐蚀，使用寿命长。2.0.2材料物理性能稳定，具有良好的耐腐蚀性，不开裂性，柔韧性好，具有耐扭曲，抗地震、耐磨损，抗冲击等性能。2.0.3流量大，内壁光滑，摩擦系数小，能提高介质流速，与相同直径的金属管道相比，输送流量增大30%。2.0.4连接安全可靠，热熔对接和电熔连接，接口强度高于管材本体。3、适用范围主要适用于管径在110mm～450mm城市污水排放、工业污水排放、污水处理、远距离压力送水等污水管道工程。4、工艺原理PE管是以专用聚乙烯为原材料经塑料挤出机一次挤塑成型。管材壁因材质均匀、同性，具有很好的耐压能力。管材热熔焊接工艺原理是利用加热工具将管道或管件端面加热到210OC左右，在可控压力下持续一定时间，使两端面熔合为一体，形成符合质量要求的管道焊接接头。压力污水管铺设与应用原理是通过在敷设路线上开挖沟道，铺设垫层后，敷设聚乙烯管材，周边用级配砂石回填，管线接口与相应的压力泵连接，从而满足各类污水高压远距离运送至污水处理设施，使污水经有效处理后，达到排放标准或合理利用中水，以减小环境污染和合理利用资源的目的。5、施工工艺流程及操作要点5.1工艺流程5.1.1工艺流程如图5.1.1WithanexternalintelligentvideoanalysisequipmentsuchasSAVIA,canreachtheborderdetection,intrusion,retrograde,count,spraying,intelligentvideoanalysisfunctionssuchasocclusionalarmwiththevideocamera.NetworkvideocodectechnologyofthesysteminaccordancewiththenationalstandardofSVACtechnologyrequiredtoimplementdatacollectionandExchange.Videobitratecanbeadjustedaccordingtotheimagequalitybetween2Mbps-16Mbps,tomeettheapplicationrequirementsmonitoringprocesstotransferimages.Thisreservationandmunicipalpublicsecuritysystem,CityEmergencyOfficeofnetworkinterfaces.Rehabilitationcentresformonitoringsystemmonitoredbythefollowingareas:keymanagementareasofoperatingroomnursingunitarea;Healthcarecorridorareas;crowdedpublicplaces,toll,pharmacyWindows,medicalequipment,warehouseandimportantprotectedareas;buildingaccessentrancekeyareas;Officearea,importantseparation;room,equipmentroomandotherimportantmachines,instruments/canteen,restaurantmanagementsites;carparkmanagementareassupervisoryareas.Systemequipmentarenetworkcameras,powermodules,switches,controlcenterequipmentmainlytomonitordigitalworkstation,storagedevices,alarm,alarmunits,UPS,LCDmonitorsandsoon.Injuryrecovery,1,2ndflooroftheusednetworktransmissionofvideosignaltransmissionmodetouploadtothemedicalfloorofthesecuritymonitoringroom.Transmissionfiberontherehabilitationfloor...Control.Localmonitoringcentercanview/controlcamerasaswellasdistributionofanyremote-controlcenterofthecamera.Localcontrol13 5.2施工准备5.2.1熟悉施工图并到施工现场了解情况，请设计单位、监理单位做设计交底。5.2.2根据施工工艺要求，准备相应的施工机具。5.2.3正式施工前应对操作工进行专门的培训。5.2.4采购管材、管件。5.2.5材料的验收1、应检查有无产品出厂合格证，出厂检验报告。2、进行外观及几何尺寸检查。3、管材应为黑色，管上必须有醒目的蓝色条统（给排水管材为蓝色或本色，国家标准为蓝色)。同时管材上应有连续的、间距不超过2m的永久性标志。4、检查管径及壁厚是否符合标准要求。5.2.6管材、管件运输与保管在聚乙烯产品的运输和保管中，应按下述方法进行：1、应用非金属绳捆扎和吊装。2、不得抛摔和受剧烈撞击，也不得拖拽。3、不得暴晒、雨淋，也不得与油类、酸、碱、盐、活性剂等化学物质接触。4、管材、管件应存放在通风良好，温度不超过40℃的库房内。在施工现场临时堆放时应有遮盖物。5、在运输和存放过程中，小管可以套在大管中。6、运输和贮存时应水平放置在平整的地面或车厢内，当其不平时应设平整的支撑物，其支撑物的间距以1—1．5米为宜。管子堆放高度不宜超过1.5米。WithanexternalintelligentvideoanalysisequipmentsuchasSAVIA,canreachtheborderdetection,intrusion,retrograde,count,spraying,intelligentvideoanalysisfunctionssuchasocclusionalarmwiththevideocamera.NetworkvideocodectechnologyofthesysteminaccordancewiththenationalstandardofSVACtechnologyrequiredtoimplementdatacollectionandExchange.Videobitratecanbeadjustedaccordingtotheimagequalitybetween2Mbps-16Mbps,tomeettheapplicationrequirementsmonitoringprocesstotransferimages.Thisreservationandmunicipalpublicsecuritysystem,CityEmergencyOfficeofnetworkinterfaces.Rehabilitationcentresformonitoringsystemmonitoredbythefollowingareas:keymanagementareasofoperatingroomnursingunitarea;Healthcarecorridorareas;crowdedpublicplaces,toll,pharmacyWindows,medicalequipment,warehouseandimportantprotectedareas;buildingaccessentrancekeyareas;Officearea,importantseparation;room,equipmentroomandotherimportantmachines,instruments/canteen,restaurantmanagementsites;carparkmanagementareassupervisoryareas.Systemequipmentarenetworkcameras,powermodules,switches,controlcenterequipmentmainlytomonitordigitalworkstation,storagedevices,alarm,alarmunits,UPS,LCDmonitorsandsoon.Injuryrecovery,1,2ndflooroftheusednetworktransmissionofvideosignaltransmissionmodetouploadtothemedicalfloorofthesecuritymonitoringroom.Transmissionfiberontherehabilitationfloor...Control.Localmonitoringcentercanview/controlcamerasaswellasdistributionofanyremote-controlcenterofthecamera.Localcontrol13 7、产品从生产到使用之间的存放期以不超过一年为宜。发料时要坚持先进先出的原则。5.3施工操作要点5.3.1管沟开挖管沟开挖应严格按照设计图施工，PE管的柔性好、重量轻，可以在地面上预制较长管线，当地形条件允许时，管线的地面焊接可使管沟的开挖宽度减小。PE管埋设管顶覆土厚度为:车行道下≥0.9m；人行道下≥0.75m；绿化带下或居住区≥0.6m；永久性冻土或季节性冻土层，管顶埋深应在冰冻线以下。在结实、稳固的沟底，管沟的宽度由施工所需的操作空间决定。表5.3.1为宽度的最小值。表5.3.1最小管沟宽度值管道公称直径（mm）最小管沟宽度（m）75～400D+0.3大于400D+0.5当在地面连接时，沟宽为D+0.3m；当在沟内安装或开沟回填有困难时开沟宽度为D+0.5m，且总宽度不小于0.7m。在沙土或淤泥的管沟中，可以采取放坡开挖。5.3.2管沟底面的处理如果管沟底部平整且土壤中基本没有大石块或底部土层没有扰动，就无需平整；如果底部土层被扰动，则采用直径20～50mm级配碎石混合沙土和粘土后垫平，垫层厚度为150mm，压实度应大于90%。尽可能避免管道表面划伤。5.3.3管道热熔焊接施工流程5.3.3.1焊接准备焊接准备主要是检查焊机状况是否满足工作要求。如检查机具各个部位的紧固件有无脱落或松动；检查机电线路连接是否正确、可靠；检查液压箱内液压油是否充足；确认电源与机具输入要求是否相匹配；加热板是否符合要求(涂层是否损伤)；铣刀和油泵开关等的运行情况等。5.3.3.2管道焊接工艺1、用净布清除两对接管口的污物。将管材置于机架卡瓦内，两端管口向内伸出的长度应基本相等(在满足铣削和加热要求的前提下应尽可能缩短，通常为25～30mmWithanexternalintelligentvideoanalysisequipmentsuchasSAVIA,canreachtheborderdetection,intrusion,retrograde,count,spraying,intelligentvideoanalysisfunctionssuchasocclusionalarmwiththevideocamera.NetworkvideocodectechnologyofthesysteminaccordancewiththenationalstandardofSVACtechnologyrequiredtoimplementdatacollectionandExchange.Videobitratecanbeadjustedaccordingtotheimagequalitybetween2Mbps-16Mbps,tomeettheapplicationrequirementsmonitoringprocesstotransferimages.Thisreservationandmunicipalpublicsecuritysystem,CityEmergencyOfficeofnetworkinterfaces.Rehabilitationcentresformonitoringsystemmonitoredbythefollowingareas:keymanagementareasofoperatingroomnursingunitarea;Healthcarecorridorareas;crowdedpublicplaces,toll,pharmacyWindows,medicalequipment,warehouseandimportantprotectedareas;buildingaccessentrancekeyareas;Officearea,importantseparation;room,equipmentroomandotherimportantmachines,instruments/canteen,restaurantmanagementsites;carparkmanagementareassupervisoryareas.Systemequipmentarenetworkcameras,powermodules,switches,controlcenterequipmentmainlytomonitordigitalworkstation,storagedevices,alarm,alarmunits,UPS,LCDmonitorsandsoon.Injuryrecovery,1,2ndflooroftheusednetworktransmissionofvideosignaltransmissionmodetouploadtothemedicalfloorofthesecuritymonitoringroom.Transmissionfiberontherehabilitationfloor...Control.Localmonitoringcentercanview/controlcamerasaswellasdistributionofanyremote-controlcenterofthecamera.Localcontrol13 )。若伸出管材机架外的管道部分较长，应用支撑架托起外伸部位，使管材轴线与机架中心线处于同一高度，调整管道对接的同轴度，然后用卡瓦紧固好。如5.3.3.2-1图：图5.3.3.2-12、置入铣刀，开启铣刀电源，然后缓慢合拢两管材对接端，并加以适当的压力，直到两端面均有连续的切屑出现，方可解除压力，稍后即可退出活动架，关掉铣刀电源。切削过程中应通过调节铣刀片的高度控制切屑厚度，切屑厚度一般控制在0.5～1.0mm为宜。图5.3.3.2-2图5.3.3.2-33、取出铣刀，合拢两对接管口，检查管口对齐情况。其错位量应不超过管壁厚度的10%或1mm中的较小值，通过调整管材直线度和松紧卡瓦可在一定程度上改善管口的对位偏差；管口合拢后其接触面间应无明显缝隙，缝隙宽度不能超过0.3mm(D≤225mm)、0.5mm(225mm＜D≤400mm)或1.0mm(D＞400mm)。如不满足上述要求应重新铣削，直到满足要求为止。5.3.3.3确定机架拖拉管道拉力的大小(移动夹具的摩擦阻力)。由于在管道对接过程中，所连接管道长短不一，因而机架带动管道移动所需克服的阻力不一致，在实际控制中，这个阻力应叠加到工艺参数压力上，得到实际使用压力。WithanexternalintelligentvideoanalysisequipmentsuchasSAVIA,canreachtheborderdetection,intrusion,retrograde,count,spraying,intelligentvideoanalysisfunctionssuchasocclusionalarmwiththevideocamera.NetworkvideocodectechnologyofthesysteminaccordancewiththenationalstandardofSVACtechnologyrequiredtoimplementdatacollectionandExchange.Videobitratecanbeadjustedaccordingtotheimagequalitybetween2Mbps-16Mbps,tomeettheapplicationrequirementsmonitoringprocesstotransferimages.Thisreservationandmunicipalpublicsecuritysystem,CityEmergencyOfficeofnetworkinterfaces.Rehabilitationcentresformonitoringsystemmonitoredbythefollowingareas:keymanagementareasofoperatingroomnursingunitarea;Healthcarecorridorareas;crowdedpublicplaces,toll,pharmacyWindows,medicalequipment,warehouseandimportantprotectedareas;buildingaccessentrancekeyareas;Officearea,importantseparation;room,equipmentroomandotherimportantmachines,instruments/canteen,restaurantmanagementsites;carparkmanagementareassupervisoryareas.Systemequipmentarenetworkcameras,powermodules,switches,controlcenterequipmentmainlytomonitordigitalworkstation,storagedevices,alarm,alarmunits,UPS,LCDmonitorsandsoon.Injuryrecovery,1,2ndflooroftheusednetworktransmissionofvideosignaltransmissionmodetouploadtothemedicalfloorofthesecuritymonitoringroom.Transmissionfiberontherehabilitationfloor...Control.Localmonitoringcentercanview/controlcamerasaswellasdistributionofanyremote-controlcenterofthecamera.Localcontrol13 5.3.3.4在可控压力下焊接加热板温度达到设定值后，放入机架，施加规定的压力，直到两边最小卷边达到规定宽度时压力减小到规定值(使管口端面与加热板之间刚好保持接触)，以便吸热。图5.3.3.4-1当达到焊接规定时间后，退开活动架，迅速取出加热板，然后合拢两管端，切换时间应尽可能短，不能超过规定值。冷却到规定的时间后，卸压，松开卡瓦，取出对接好的管材。图5.3.3.4-2图5.3.3.4-3该焊接工艺主要工艺技术参数如图5.3.3.4-4：WithanexternalintelligentvideoanalysisequipmentsuchasSAVIA,canreachtheborderdetection,intrusion,retrograde,count,spraying,intelligentvideoanalysisfunctionssuchasocclusionalarmwiththevideocamera.NetworkvideocodectechnologyofthesysteminaccordancewiththenationalstandardofSVACtechnologyrequiredtoimplementdatacollectionandExchange.Videobitratecanbeadjustedaccordingtotheimagequalitybetween2Mbps-16Mbps,tomeettheapplicationrequirementsmonitoringprocesstotransferimages.Thisreservationandmunicipalpublicsecuritysystem,CityEmergencyOfficeofnetworkinterfaces.Rehabilitationcentresformonitoringsystemmonitoredbythefollowingareas:keymanagementareasofoperatingroomnursingunitarea;Healthcarecorridorareas;crowdedpublicplaces,toll,pharmacyWindows,medicalequipment,warehouseandimportantprotectedareas;buildingaccessentrancekeyareas;Officearea,importantseparation;room,equipmentroomandotherimportantmachines,instruments/canteen,restaurantmanagementsites;carparkmanagementareassupervisoryareas.Systemequipmentarenetworkcameras,powermodules,switches,controlcenterequipmentmainlytomonitordigitalworkstation,storagedevices,alarm,alarmunits,UPS,LCDmonitorsandsoon.Injuryrecovery,1,2ndflooroftheusednetworktransmissionofvideosignaltransmissionmodetouploadtothemedicalfloorofthesecuritymonitoringroom.Transmissionfiberontherehabilitationfloor...Control.Localmonitoringcentercanview/controlcamerasaswellasdistributionofanyremote-controlcenterofthecamera.Localcontrol13 图5.3.3.4-4pa1－加热压力，加热周期内加热工具作用在PE管壁上的压应力；pa2－吸热压力；pf1－熔接压力；pf2－冷却压力；ta1－加热时间；ta2－吸热时间；ta－总吸热时间；tu－切换时间，加热结束至对接开始的一段时间，包括加热工具的撤出时间；tf1－增压时间；tf2－冷却时间；tf－总熔接时间；t－焊接温度，指加热盘面的温度，通过热电偶（加热板内置）测量。表2PE管道焊接主要工艺控制参数表壁厚e(mm)加热时的卷边高度h（mm）吸热时间ta2（s）允许最大切换时间tu(s)增压时间tf1(s)焊缝在保压状态下的冷却时间tf2（min）温度T：(210±10)oC吸热压力pa1：0.15MPata2＝10×e温度T：(210±10)oC吸热压力pa2：0.02MPapf1=pf2=0.15Mpa＜4.50.5455564.5～71.045～705～65～66～107～121.570～1206～86～810～1612～192.0120～1908～108～1116～2419～262.5190～26010～1211～1424～3226～373.0260～37012～1614～1932～4537～503.5370～50016～2019～2545～6050～704.0500～70020～2525～3560～805.3.4管道敷设管道一般在地面预先焊接好(管径≤110mm的管道应采用电熔焊焊接；管径110mm的管道可采用热熔焊或电熔焊焊接)。在管道放入管沟之前，应对管道进行全面检查，在没有发现任何缺陷的情况下，采取吊入或滚入法下管。5.3.4.1保证设计的埋深及与其它管线的间距。5.3.4.2蛇行敷设WithanexternalintelligentvideoanalysisequipmentsuchasSAVIA,canreachtheborderdetection,intrusion,retrograde,count,spraying,intelligentvideoanalysisfunctionssuchasocclusionalarmwiththevideocamera.NetworkvideocodectechnologyofthesysteminaccordancewiththenationalstandardofSVACtechnologyrequiredtoimplementdatacollectionandExchange.Videobitratecanbeadjustedaccordingtotheimagequalitybetween2Mbps-16Mbps,tomeettheapplicationrequirementsmonitoringprocesstotransferimages.Thisreservationandmunicipalpublicsecuritysystem,CityEmergencyOfficeofnetworkinterfaces.Rehabilitationcentresformonitoringsystemmonitoredbythefollowingareas:keymanagementareasofoperatingroomnursingunitarea;Healthcarecorridorareas;crowdedpublicplaces,toll,pharmacyWindows,medicalequipment,warehouseandimportantprotectedareas;buildingaccessentrancekeyareas;Officearea,importantseparation;room,equipmentroomandotherimportantmachines,instruments/canteen,restaurantmanagementsites;carparkmanagementareassupervisoryareas.Systemequipmentarenetworkcameras,powermodules,switches,controlcenterequipmentmainlytomonitordigitalworkstation,storagedevices,alarm,alarmunits,UPS,LCDmonitorsandsoon.Injuryrecovery,1,2ndflooroftheusednetworktransmissionofvideosignaltransmissionmodetouploadtothemedicalfloorofthesecuritymonitoringroom.Transmissionfiberontherehabilitationfloor...Control.Localmonitoringcentercanview/controlcamerasaswellasdistributionofanyremote-controlcenterofthecamera.Localcontrol13 由于聚乙烯管的线膨胀系数比金属管高十余倍，所以对温度变化较敏感，因此，可根据PE管的柔性，蜿蜒敷设和随地形弯曲敷设，但弯曲半径应满足要求。图5.3.4.25.3.4.3警示带为保护管线在日后运行，不受人为的意外损坏，应在管线的上方，距管顶不小于300mm处敷设一条警示带，该警示带应与管线一样，具有不低于五十年的寿命。警示带上应标出醒目的提示字样，例如：危险！下有管道危险！XX公司抢修电话XXX。5.3.4.4特殊地段的施工特殊地段系指穿越铁路、河流、桥梁和重要道路等地段。在特殊地段敷设时应注意以下几点：1、在这些地段敷设PE管道首先要征得有关管理部门的同意。2、由于聚乙烯管道相对钢管而言较易遭受人为破坏，原则上在这些地段不宜使用聚乙烯管材。3、若一定要使用聚乙烯管材时，则应增加套管或采取其它防护措施。图5.3.4.4-1PE管穿越马路地埋敷设示意图WithanexternalintelligentvideoanalysisequipmentsuchasSAVIA,canreachtheborderdetection,intrusion,retrograde,count,spraying,intelligentvideoanalysisfunctionssuchasocclusionalarmwiththevideocamera.NetworkvideocodectechnologyofthesysteminaccordancewiththenationalstandardofSVACtechnologyrequiredtoimplementdatacollectionandExchange.Videobitratecanbeadjustedaccordingtotheimagequalitybetween2Mbps-16Mbps,tomeettheapplicationrequirementsmonitoringprocesstotransferimages.Thisreservationandmunicipalpublicsecuritysystem,CityEmergencyOfficeofnetworkinterfaces.Rehabilitationcentresformonitoringsystemmonitoredbythefollowingareas:keymanagementareasofoperatingroomnursingunitarea;Healthcarecorridorareas;crowdedpublicplaces,toll,pharmacyWindows,medicalequipment,warehouseandimportantprotectedareas;buildingaccessentrancekeyareas;Officearea,importantseparation;room,equipmentroomandotherimportantmachines,instruments/canteen,restaurantmanagementsites;carparkmanagementareassupervisoryareas.Systemequipmentarenetworkcameras,powermodules,switches,controlcenterequipmentmainlytomonitordigitalworkstation,storagedevices,alarm,alarmunits,UPS,LCDmonitorsandsoon.Injuryrecovery,1,2ndflooroftheusednetworktransmissionofvideosignaltransmissionmodetouploadtothemedicalfloorofthesecuritymonitoringroom.Transmissionfiberontherehabilitationfloor...Control.Localmonitoringcentercanview/controlcamerasaswellasdistributionofanyremote-controlcenterofthecamera.Localcontrol13 PE管在穿越河道地埋敷设施工时，应采用特制预应力高标号预制混凝土管保护通过。在穿越的同时，也应对较宽河道进行围堰施工，长距离进行分段围堰。如图5.3.4.4-2图5.3.4.4-2PE管穿越河道地埋敷设示意图PE管在穿越桥梁地埋敷设施工时，应在道路边人行道下增设埋管通道通过。如图5.3.4.4-3图5.3.4.4-3PE管穿越桥梁地埋敷设示意图PE管在穿越农田地埋敷设施工时，埋深应＞1m，并作标记。如：危险！下有管道危险！XX公司抢修电话XXX！在PE管上也应增设一道50mm厚预应力高标号预制混凝土圆形板作相应保护。如图5.3.4.4-4图5.3.4.4-4PE管穿越农田地埋敷设示意图WithanexternalintelligentvideoanalysisequipmentsuchasSAVIA,canreachtheborderdetection,intrusion,retrograde,count,spraying,intelligentvideoanalysisfunctionssuchasocclusionalarmwiththevideocamera.NetworkvideocodectechnologyofthesysteminaccordancewiththenationalstandardofSVACtechnologyrequiredtoimplementdatacollectionandExchange.Videobitratecanbeadjustedaccordingtotheimagequalitybetween2Mbps-16Mbps,tomeettheapplicationrequirementsmonitoringprocesstotransferimages.Thisreservationandmunicipalpublicsecuritysystem,CityEmergencyOfficeofnetworkinterfaces.Rehabilitationcentresformonitoringsystemmonitoredbythefollowingareas:keymanagementareasofoperatingroomnursingunitarea;Healthcarecorridorareas;crowdedpublicplaces,toll,pharmacyWindows,medicalequipment,warehouseandimportantprotectedareas;buildingaccessentrancekeyareas;Officearea,importantseparation;room,equipmentroomandotherimportantmachines,instruments/canteen,restaurantmanagementsites;carparkmanagementareassupervisoryareas.Systemequipmentarenetworkcameras,powermodules,switches,controlcenterequipmentmainlytomonitordigitalworkstation,storagedevices,alarm,alarmunits,UPS,LCDmonitorsandsoon.Injuryrecovery,1,2ndflooroftheusednetworktransmissionofvideosignaltransmissionmodetouploadtothemedicalfloorofthesecuritymonitoringroom.Transmissionfiberontherehabilitationfloor...Control.Localmonitoringcentercanview/controlcamerasaswellasdistributionofanyremote-controlcenterofthecamera.Localcontrol13 地质上的断裂带、明显存在非均匀性沉降的地段、管基处理耗资巨大等地段也应视为特殊地段。由于PE管的断裂伸长率是钢管的15～30倍，因此在这些地段之中，0.1MPa以下的排污管道采用PE管材具有特殊意义，对该处管线只要注意观察地面不均匀沉降情况即可。一般的沉降不会产生断裂酿成事故（日本圾神大地震未造成PE管断裂即是证明）。当沉降达到一定程度后，可进行有计划的更换，既保证安全又能掌握运行的主动权。5.3.4.5内插敷设插入管铺设是PE管材的一种特殊敷设形式。传统的管线多为铸铁管或钢管，由于气质的改变、压力的提高和腐蚀严重等均会产生泄漏，此时需更换新管线。在城市中沿道路敷设的排污管线中，要全面开挖取出报废的旧管线再埋人新管线不仅耗资巨大，且对城市交通及环境将带来不利影响。PE轻质柔性管材的出现，使得这种更新产生了重大的变革。目前国外较多采用的方法是：沿原有金属管线每隔一定距离挖掘一个工作坑，将旧管线割断，并对其内部进行清扫，然后将PE管插入其中，非常简单的工作即可完成更新。5.3.5管道吹扫管道吹扫与一般管道吹扫相同，主要采用爆破式吹扫，可以分段进行，介质为无油压缩空气，压力不应超过管道的工作压力。5.3.6试压PE压力污水管道系统在投入运行之前应进行压力试验。压力试验包括强度试验和气密性试验。测试时一般采用水作为试验介质。强度试验:在排除待测试管道内的空气后，以稳定的升压速度将压力提高到要求的压力值。压力表尽可能设置在该管道的最低处。试验初始，应将压力上升到工作压力并停留足够的时间保证管道充分膨胀，这一过程需2～3小时，当压力稳定后，将压力升到工作压力的1.5倍，稳压1小时，仔细观察压力表，并沿线检查，如果在测试过程中并无肉眼可见的泄漏或发生明显的压降，则管道通过压力试验(由于管道膨胀，有一定的压降属正常变化)。气密性试验:气密性试验的压力不应超过工作压力的1.15倍，当管道压力达到试验压力后，应保持一定的时间使管道内试验介质温度与管道环境温度达到一致，待温度、压力均稳定后，开始计时，一般情况下，气密性试验应稳压24小时，如果没有明显的泄漏或压降则通过气密性试验。6、材料与设备6.1材料6.1.1管材尺寸规格：规格φ110φ160φ200φ250φ315φ355φ400φ450外径110160200250315355400450壁厚8.111.814.718.423.226.129.433.16.1.2管材长度：长度一般为12米/根（标准规定为6、9、12米/根），小口径管可盘卷。WithanexternalintelligentvideoanalysisequipmentsuchasSAVIA,canreachtheborderdetection,intrusion,retrograde,count,spraying,intelligentvideoanalysisfunctionssuchasocclusionalarmwiththevideocamera.NetworkvideocodectechnologyofthesysteminaccordancewiththenationalstandardofSVACtechnologyrequiredtoimplementdatacollectionandExchange.Videobitratecanbeadjustedaccordingtotheimagequalitybetween2Mbps-16Mbps,tomeettheapplicationrequirementsmonitoringprocesstotransferimages.Thisreservationandmunicipalpublicsecuritysystem,CityEmergencyOfficeofnetworkinterfaces.Rehabilitationcentresformonitoringsystemmonitoredbythefollowingareas:keymanagementareasofoperatingroomnursingunitarea;Healthcarecorridorareas;crowdedpublicplaces,toll,pharmacyWindows,medicalequipment,warehouseandimportantprotectedareas;buildingaccessentrancekeyareas;Officearea,importantseparation;room,equipmentroomandotherimportantmachines,instruments/canteen,restaurantmanagementsites;carparkmanagementareassupervisoryareas.Systemequipmentarenetworkcameras,powermodules,switches,controlcenterequipmentmainlytomonitordigitalworkstation,storagedevices,alarm,alarmunits,UPS,LCDmonitorsandsoon.Injuryrecovery,1,2ndflooroftheusednetworktransmissionofvideosignaltransmissionmodetouploadtothemedicalfloorofthesecuritymonitoringroom.Transmissionfiberontherehabilitationfloor...Control.Localmonitoringcentercanview/controlcamerasaswellasdistributionofanyremote-controlcenterofthecamera.Localcontrol13 6.1.3性能指标序号项目性能指标1短期静液压强度在20℃、环向应力9MPa下，韧性破坏时间应大于100小时在80℃、环向应力4.6MPa下，脆性破坏时间应大于165小时2热稳定性在200℃下，应大于20分钟3耐应力开裂在80℃、环向应力4MPa下，应不小于170小时压缩复原在80℃、环向应力4MPa下，应大于170小时4纵向回缩率在110℃下，应不大于3％5断裂延伸率应大于350％6.1.4压力等级对于水管道，ISO4427中是按原材料的不同等级(PElOO、PE80、PE63等)、标准尺寸比(SDR)给出的。对于不同的使用温度，在保证50年的使用寿命的前提下又给出了压力折减系数。EN1555给出的工作压力根据以下公式确定：MOP＝2×MRS／(C×(SDR—1))式中MOP：最大允许工作压力MRS：材料的最小要求强度SDR：标准尺寸比C：设计使用系数：水C≥1.256.2PE管施工的设备按照本工法进行PE管施工的主要设备见表6.2：表6.2序号设备名称规格单位数量备注1直管热熔对焊机SHD台1PE管焊接2小型柴油发电机40KW台1用于野外施工3空压机3m3/min台1试压用4手提葫芦2t台2吊装5电锯1.5kW台1用于切割PE管6挖土机SK120-5台1用于挖土7推土机T80台1用于推土8潜水泵WH-20台1用于管沟排水9翻斗车/辆2运输WithanexternalintelligentvideoanalysisequipmentsuchasSAVIA,canreachtheborderdetection,intrusion,retrograde,count,spraying,intelligentvideoanalysisfunctionssuchasocclusionalarmwiththevideocamera.NetworkvideocodectechnologyofthesysteminaccordancewiththenationalstandardofSVACtechnologyrequiredtoimplementdatacollectionandExchange.Videobitratecanbeadjustedaccordingtotheimagequalitybetween2Mbps-16Mbps,tomeettheapplicationrequirementsmonitoringprocesstotransferimages.Thisreservationandmunicipalpublicsecuritysystem,CityEmergencyOfficeofnetworkinterfaces.Rehabilitationcentresformonitoringsystemmonitoredbythefollowingareas:keymanagementareasofoperatingroomnursingunitarea;Healthcarecorridorareas;crowdedpublicplaces,toll,pharmacyWindows,medicalequipment,warehouseandimportantprotectedareas;buildingaccessentrancekeyareas;Officearea,importantseparation;room,equipmentroomandotherimportantmachines,instruments/canteen,restaurantmanagementsites;carparkmanagementareassupervisoryareas.Systemequipmentarenetworkcameras,powermodules,switches,controlcenterequipmentmainlytomonitordigitalworkstation,storagedevices,alarm,alarmunits,UPS,LCDmonitorsandsoon.Injuryrecovery,1,2ndflooroftheusednetworktransmissionofvideosignaltransmissionmodetouploadtothemedicalfloorofthesecuritymonitoringroom.Transmissionfiberontherehabilitationfloor...Control.Localmonitoringcentercanview/controlcamerasaswellasdistributionofanyremote-controlcenterofthecamera.Localcontrol13 7、质量控制7.1一般要求7.1.1检查管材生产厂家、合格证、质保单、监测应用证书、管材规格、型号等。7.1.2检查管材外观、尺寸、壁厚、压力等级、检验日期等。7.2主控项目7.2.1进行外观及几何尺寸检查。检查管子内外表面是否清洁光滑，是否有裂缝、孔洞、沟槽、划伤、凹陷、杂质和颜色不均等。7.2.2检查长度，定尺管的长度应均匀一致，误差不应超过20mm。注意检查管口端面是否与管子的轴线垂直，是否存在气孔。7.2.3检查不圆度，其值应不大于5％。7.2.4接口处必须顺直，接口搭接平整，焊接卷边一致，并满足相应规格的卷边宽度要求。7.2.5试压验收不得有渗漏、爆管等现象。7.3一般项目PE管安装允许偏差表项目允许偏差项目允许偏差管长±50mm平直度±5mm转弯弧度≤5％R接口错位±2mm埋置坡度±0.2％卷边宽度±1mm埋置深度±50mm8、安全措施8.0.1建立、健全各级安全生产责任制，责任落实到人。贯彻和落实“安全第一，预防为主”的思想，端正对安全生产的态度，加强安全教育和全面的针对性的安全技术交底，严格执行安全操作规程。各项经济承包有明确的安全指标和包括奖惩办法在内的保证措施。特种作业人员必须经培训考试合格后持证上岗。新职工必须进行公司、施工队和班组三级教育。建立定期安全检查制度，查出隐患必须及时整改。进入施工现场必须遵章守纪，佩戴安全帽。施工现场按规定悬挂“七牌二图”与安全标牌。施工现场设置醒目的安全标志，施工区域设置彩钢板隔离，彩钢板隔离上设置提醒、警示标语，施工区域夜间应设红灯警示。8.0.2安全用电施工用电照明、配电箱、架空线、接地接零等部分必须严格按规程操作、布置。电工必须持证上岗，应编制用电施工组织设计，实行定期检查制度。配电箱、开关箱：应使用BDWithanexternalintelligentvideoanalysisequipmentsuchasSAVIA,canreachtheborderdetection,intrusion,retrograde,count,spraying,intelligentvideoanalysisfunctionssuchasocclusionalarmwiththevideocamera.NetworkvideocodectechnologyofthesysteminaccordancewiththenationalstandardofSVACtechnologyrequiredtoimplementdatacollectionandExchange.Videobitratecanbeadjustedaccordingtotheimagequalitybetween2Mbps-16Mbps,tomeettheapplicationrequirementsmonitoringprocesstotransferimages.Thisreservationandmunicipalpublicsecuritysystem,CityEmergencyOfficeofnetworkinterfaces.Rehabilitationcentresformonitoringsystemmonitoredbythefollowingareas:keymanagementareasofoperatingroomnursingunitarea;Healthcarecorridorareas;crowdedpublicplaces,toll,pharmacyWindows,medicalequipment,warehouseandimportantprotectedareas;buildingaccessentrancekeyareas;Officearea,importantseparation;room,equipmentroomandotherimportantmachines,instruments/canteen,restaurantmanagementsites;carparkmanagementareassupervisoryareas.Systemequipmentarenetworkcameras,powermodules,switches,controlcenterequipmentmainlytomonitordigitalworkstation,storagedevices,alarm,alarmunits,UPS,LCDmonitorsandsoon.Injuryrecovery,1,2ndflooroftheusednetworktransmissionofvideosignaltransmissionmodetouploadtothemedicalfloorofthesecuritymonitoringroom.Transmissionfiberontherehabilitationfloor...Control.Localmonitoringcentercanview/controlcamerasaswellasdistributionofanyremote-controlcenterofthecamera.Localcontrol13 型标准箱，电箱内开关电器必须完整无损，接线正确，电箱内应设置漏电保护器，先用合理的额定漏电动作电流进行分级匹配。配电箱应设总熔丝、分开关，接地接零齐全，动力和照明用电设备分别设置。金属外壳电箱应作接地或接零保护。开关箱与用电设备实行一机一闸保险。同一移动开关箱严禁有380V和220V两种电压等级。接地接零：接地体采用角钢、圆钢或钢管，其截面不小于48平方毫米，一组二根接地体之间间距不小于2.5米，入土深度不小于2.5米，接地电阻应符合规定，电杆转角杆，终端杆及总箱，分配电箱必须有重复接地。用电管理：安装、维修或拆除临时用电工程，必须由电工完成，电工必须持证上岗，实行定期制度，并做好检查记录。8.0.3机械设备安全大型机械的保险、限位、防护、指示器等必须齐全可靠，驾驶、指挥人员必须持有效证件上岗，必须按规程要求进行操作。管道焊接热熔机、挖土机、推土机、限位装置等必须齐全有效。各类安全（包括制动）装置的防护罩、盖齐全可靠。驾驶、指挥人员必须持有效证上岗，驾驶员应做好行车记录。机械与输电线路（垂直、水平方向）应按规定保持距离。作业时，机械停放应尽可能稳固，臂杆幅度指示器应灵敏可靠。必须严格执行定期保养制度，做好操作前、操作中和操作后设备的清洁润滑、紧固、调整和防腐工作，严禁机械设备超负荷使用，带病运转和作业运转中进行维修。机械设备夜间作业必须有充足的照明。9、环保措施9.0.1加强施工道路冲洗。即施工主干道每天洒水两次以上，其它便道每天洒水一次，遇有四级以上大风天气或发布空气质量预警时，增加洒水次数。雨后必须尽快用水冲洗路面。加强道路清扫工作。9.0.2运输土方等易产生粉尘污染物的车辆须实行密闭或加篷遮盖措施。9.0.3对施工道路上的积土，要及时清运，防治道路积土扬尘。9.0.4及时清理回填场的多余积土。9.0.5开挖时多余土方及安装多余PE管、残渣，严禁沿路堆弃，应统一收集清理，集中堆放，在指定地点安放。及时做好落手清工作。9.0.6雨季施工时，应对出入车辆进行冲洗，严禁把粘在运输车辆上的土带出施工区。9.0.7施工中应采取有效措施控制施工现场的噪声、振动等对环境造成的污染和危害。10、效益分析10.0.1采用本工法施工，由于操作简单，经培训后即可上岗。10.0.2由于管材较轻，基本不使用机械吊装，节约费用，缩短施工工期。10.0.3施工设备少，机动灵活，降低工人劳动强度，适于野外作业，同时设备购置成本低，利用率高，经济效益明显。WithanexternalintelligentvideoanalysisequipmentsuchasSAVIA,canreachtheborderdetection,intrusion,retrograde,count,spraying,intelligentvideoanalysisfunctionssuchasocclusionalarmwiththevideocamera.NetworkvideocodectechnologyofthesysteminaccordancewiththenationalstandardofSVACtechnologyrequiredtoimplementdatacollectionandExchange.Videobitratecanbeadjustedaccordingtotheimagequalitybetween2Mbps-16Mbps,tomeettheapplicationrequirementsmonitoringprocesstotransferimages.Thisreservationandmunicipalpublicsecuritysystem,CityEmergencyOfficeofnetworkinterfaces.Rehabilitationcentresformonitoringsystemmonitoredbythefollowingareas:keymanagementareasofoperatingroomnursingunitarea;Healthcarecorridorareas;crowdedpublicplaces,toll,pharmacyWindows,medicalequipment,warehouseandimportantprotectedareas;buildingaccessentrancekeyareas;Officearea,importantseparation;room,equipmentroomandotherimportantmachines,instruments/canteen,restaurantmanagementsites;carparkmanagementareassupervisoryareas.Systemequipmentarenetworkcameras,powermodules,switches,controlcenterequipmentmainlytomonitordigitalworkstation,storagedevices,alarm,alarmunits,UPS,LCDmonitorsandsoon.Injuryrecovery,1,2ndflooroftheusednetworktransmissionofvideosignaltransmissionmodetouploadtothemedicalfloorofthesecuritymonitoringroom.Transmissionfiberontherehabilitationfloor...Control.Localmonitoringcentercanview/controlcamerasaswellasdistributionofanyremote-controlcenterofthecamera.Localcontrol13 PE压力污水管施工与普通钢管施工效益分析见表10.0.3-1序号项目PE压力污水管施工普通钢管施工1环保安全使用寿命(1)施工过程中管材、管件材质内壁没有损伤，可保证使用过程中水质不污染泄漏，使用寿命长。(2)施工过程中清洁、环保、安全，不会污染环境，无火灾隐患。(3)施工过程中没有噪声产生，不会扰民。(1)在施工过程中管材、管件经加热处理，焊缝区金相组织发生改变，耐腐蚀性不到304材质的标准，易生锈，使用寿命相对缩短。(2)施工时有烟雾、明火，对人体健康有一定的影响，并有火灾危险。(3)施工过程中一直有噪音产生。2节能PE管焊接施工时，电能消耗较少。在焊接施工过程中，需不断地消耗电能和其它辅助材料。3质量操作简单、便利，施工质量易控制，不受施工条件和操作人员技术水平的影响，可保证施工质量一次性合格。施工质量主要由操作人员技术水平和手工作业控制，易产生质量隐患，不能保证一次性验收合格。表10.0.3-1PE压力污水管与普通钢管施工用工及费用分析对照见表10.0.3-2（管径：φ400）序号项目PE压力污水管普通钢管PE压力污水管与普通钢管比较结果1每工日施工(m)50-60m/人工日25-30m/人工日提高工效一倍以上2综合费用(含材料人工机械费)350-380元/m400-500元/m节约20-50元/m表10.0.3-2WithanexternalintelligentvideoanalysisequipmentsuchasSAVIA,canreachtheborderdetection,intrusion,retrograde,count,spraying,intelligentvideoanalysisfunctionssuchasocclusionalarmwiththevideocamera.NetworkvideocodectechnologyofthesysteminaccordancewiththenationalstandardofSVACtechnologyrequiredtoimplementdatacollectionandExchange.Videobitratecanbeadjustedaccordingtotheimagequalitybetween2Mbps-16Mbps,tomeettheapplicationrequirementsmonitoringprocesstotransferimages.Thisreservationandmunicipalpublicsecuritysystem,CityEmergencyOfficeofnetworkinterfaces.Rehabilitationcentresformonitoringsystemmonitoredbythefollowingareas:keymanagementareasofoperatingroomnursingunitarea;Healthcarecorridorareas;crowdedpublicplaces,toll,pharmacyWindows,medicalequipment,warehouseandimportantprotectedareas;buildingaccessentrancekeyareas;Officearea,importantseparation;room,equipmentroomandotherimportantmachines,instruments/canteen,restaurantmanagementsites;carparkmanagementareassupervisoryareas.Systemequipmentarenetworkcameras,powermodules,switches,controlcenterequipmentmainlytomonitordigitalworkstation,storagedevices,alarm,alarmunits,UPS,LCDmonitorsandsoon.Injuryrecovery,1,2ndflooroftheusednetworktransmissionofvideosignaltransmissionmodetouploadtothemedicalfloorofthesecuritymonitoringroom.Transmissionfiberontherehabilitationfloor...Control.Localmonitoringcentercanview/controlcamerasaswellasdistributionofanyremote-controlcenterofthecamera.Localcontrol13'