method_statements国外水厂施工组织设计 67页

'METHODSTATEMENTS1.projectcontent21.1Projectoverview21.2Generaldescriptionofworks31.3Masterconstructionschedule31.4PersonnelInstallationPlan31.5Constructionsitelayout41.7Comprehensiveplanmanagement51.8Constructiontechnicalschemeoptimization52.Constructionprocess52.1Foundation52.2ElevationControlNetwork62.3Pilefoundationconstruction62.3.4DrillingPore-forming62.3.5Qualitycontrolmeasures72.3.6EnvironmentProtection73.Watertowerconstructionmethods73.1MeasuringandLofting73.2Formwork93.3Reinforcementwork133.4ConcreteWork153.5QualityControlMeasures184.Poolconstructionplan194.1Machineinstalling194.2Equipmentunpackingandchecking194.3Equipmentinstalling194.4Installationofelectricalequipment214.5Themainprocessofconstructionmethod224.6Steelworks234.7.FormworkEngineering244.8.Concreteworks254.9.Appurtenantwork284.10.Externalscaffold294.11.Earthbackfilling294.12.Qualitycontrolmeasures304.13.Embeddedpartsandpreformedholes325.ConcreteStructureWorks335.1Concrete335.2Reinforcement366.FinishesWorks416.1Plastering416.2DryWallPartition426.3Ceiling45 6.3.1CementBoard/GypsumBoardCeiling456.3.2AcousticRockwoolCeilingPanels466.3.3FloorFinish476.4WallFinish496.5Painting506.6WaterProofing526.6.1CementiousWaterProofing526.6.2DoorsandWindows537.MechanicalandElectricalWorks547.1PlumbingandWaterSupplyWork547.2PowerSupplyWork558.DrainageSystem608.1General608.2ConstructionProcessofPermanentDrainageSystem608.3ConstructionMethodofDrainageSystem61 METHODSTATEMENTS1.PROJECTCONTENT1.1ProjectoverviewBangladeshisagreatdeltaformedbyalluvialdepositsofthethreemightyrivers;theGanges,theBrahmaputra(Jamuna)andtheMeghna.ThemajorriverscarryhugeamountofsedimentsannuallyintoBangladeshfromoutsidecatchments.Everyyearthecountrysuffersvarioustypesofnaturaldisasterslike;flood,riverbankerosion,sedimentation,draught,salinityintrusionetc.RiverbankerosionandwideningoftheriversareverymuchpronouncedinthemajorriversofBangladesh.ThemostoftheareaisintheSubtropicalmonsoonclimateandtheoffshoreareaisinmonsoontropicalsavannaclimate.Thehighestaveragetemperatureis40.5℃，rainfallsprogressivelyincreasefromtheWesttotheEast,theyearrainfallisbetween1300mmand2500mm..TherainingseasonisinJunetoOctoberandtherainfallinthisseasontakes80%ofthewholeyearoneandthetropicalhurricaneappearfrequently.1.2GeneraldescriptionofworksTheworkshallincludeof:ImpoundingReservoirandSurfaceWaterTreatmentPlant.ImpoundingReservoir:Capacity-775,200m3SurfaceWaterTreatmentPlant:Capacity110,000m3/day(16hrs.inaday)TheSurfaceWaterTreatmentPlantisdesignedtoproduce110,000m3/day.Itconsistsofthefollowingunitprocesses:(1)MixingChamber(tomixRiverWaterandImpoundingReservoirWater)(2)Flashmixing(3)Hydraulicflocculationtanks(4)Gravitysedimentationtanks(5)Self-backwashingfilters(6)ClearWaterReservoir·(7)ClearWaterPumpingStation ·(8)FilterBackwashWaterandAlumSludgeequalizingbasinandpumpstation·(9)ChemicalStorageandFeedBuilding·(10)AdministrationBuilding·(11)StandbyPowerBuilding·(12)ElectricalBuilding·(13)ModernwaterqualityTestingLaboratory1.3MasterconstructionscheduleConstructionprogresschartasshowninthetableconstructionschedule1.4PersonnelInstallationPlanTheworkersofthisprojectwillbehiredlocally,theotheradministrativestaffandforemanwillbehiredinChina.AlthoughLocalLaborabundant,butthequalityisgenerallylowskilled,sowewilladoptthecombinationofrecruitmentandtrainingwaytosolvetheproblem.WewillarrangedifferentspecialtiesChineseengineersandtechniciansteachlocalworkers,andallocatethemintodifferentworkgroup1.5ConstructionsitelayoutContainsthefollowingfacilitiesconstructionoflivingarea:(a)Temporarystores(includinggodownsforcementandotherperishablematerials),warehouseandworkshop;Temporarybuildingsforofficeaccommodationforhisstaff;(b)Livingaccommodationforhisstaff;(c)Fencing,lightingandguarding;(d)Craneorothermeansofoff-loadingplantandequipment,placingintemporarystorageandmovingfromstoragetoequipmentlocations;(e)Sitetransportforhisstaff;(f)Electricsupplyfortemporarybuildingsandtools;(g)Installationofdeep-tubewell(withtreatmentandfilteringarrangement)andshallow-tubewellforsiteworksandprovisionofadequatepotablewater.(h)EstablishmentofSiteLaboratory Constructionsitelayout1.6ChooseefficientconstructionteamapproachstartsasscheduledassoonaspossibleOrganizeefficientconstructionandmachineryrelatedtotheconstructionteamtocomesiteearly,assoonaspossibletospeeduptheconstructionprogress.Afterthebidmakeallpreparationworkbeforeconstruction.Simultaneouslystarttemporaryfacilitiesconstruction,organizationestablishment,surveycontrolnetwork,befamiliarwiththedesigndocumentsandanswertechnicalquestions.Shortentheconstructionpreparingtime,organizemanpower,equipmenttoensureimplementofkeyengineeringstartsasearlyaspossible.1.7ComprehensiveplanmanagementUsecomputertechnologyandmodernmanagementsuchasobjectivesmanagement,networkplanningtechnique,comprehensiveplanmanagement,controlprojectprogress,establishingmainimageprogresscontrolpoints,usingnetworkplantrackingtechnologyanddynamicmanagementtomakesurethetotalschedule.1.8ConstructiontechnicalschemeoptimizationPracticalconstructiontechnologyschemewillbeusedaccordingtotheconstruction,usingcontinuouslyupdatedtomakesuremorereasonableandcarefuloptimization.Particularlyaffectedbytheairportoperations, constructionperiodshallbecompressedasmuchaspossible.2.CONSTRUCTIONPROCESSPositioning&linelaying—>foundationconstruction—>mainconstruction(poolwatertowerandrelatedfacilities)—>roofingconstruction—>decorationengineering—>oddworks2.1FoundationFoundationconstructionprocess:earthworkconstruction—>geosynclineacceptance—>foundation—>below±0.0construction.Earthworkoffoundationpitswillbemechanicallydugonthetopofpits.Dugearthworkistobetransportedoutsideordepositedatanunchangedplace.Foundationpitisequippedwithdischargeditchandcatchment.Divingpumpswilldrainseeperinthepitout.2.2ElevationControlNetworkElevationControl:markouttheelevationsattheplace+50cmonthecolumnsofeachflooraspertherequirementsofConstructionandtakethemastheelevationcontroloneachaftertheirverification.2.3Pilefoundationconstruction2.3.1SettingoutofthepilepositionUsethetotalstationtosetoutthepileposition.Putareinforcedbarinthecentreofthepilepositionandroundthecentredrivefourcontrolpileswhichtobefixedwithmortar.Afterdoublecheckingtomakesureallarecorrectandthenmovetothenextprocess.2.3.2ProtectingTubeSteelprotectingtubewhosediameteris0.3mbiggerthanthepilediametershouldbeputintotheground1.8mdeepandkept0.3mabovethegroundlevel.Fillwithclayaroundthetubeandthencompact.2.3.3SettinguptheDrillRigCheckupallthepreparationworksincludingthemainmachinechecking andmaintenancemakingsurethesleeperarefixedsecurelysothattherigcanmovesteadily.Thecentersofoverheadtravellingcrane,turntableandboringholeshouldbeallinalignmentperpendicularly.Aftertherigpositionedtherearbaseandthetopoftherigshouldbebalancedsothatnoanydisplacementandsettlementtakeplace.2.3.4DrillingPore-formingUseyellowclaymudfordrillingandthemudformulationmustmeetconstructionqualityrequirementsandtechnicalspecificationsrequirementsinthetenderdocument.Theheightofthewaterintheholemustbekeptat2-4m.Fallingofspanner,pipewrenchandanyothermetalarticlesintotheholeisnotallowedsothattoavoidthedrillingbitdamage.Drillingmustcontinuouslyproceed.Connectandremovethedrillrodasquicklyaspossible.Theworkersmuststrictlyfollowtheoperationrulesandconstructioncriteriaandmakeworklogatalltimeandreportdetailstothenextshiftworkers.Thedrillingdepthoftheholemustmeetdesignstandardandcoderequirement.2.3.5QualitycontrolmeasuresDuringtheconstructionprocess,itmustbeinstrictaccordancewiththetechnicalspecificationsofthetenderdocumentrequirementstodoagoodqualitycontrolwork.Developqualitycontrolmeasures,earnestlyimplementthequalityinspectionregulations,andmakeconstructionrecords,adherefirmlytoreworksubstandardproductssothattoensurethequalityofpileconstruction.2.3.6EnvironmentProtectionThewasteofconstructionmustbetimelyclearedandtransported,andtheymustbewateredbeforetheclearingandtransportationsothattodiminishthedustflyingup.Thefineparticlematerialsandothereasyflythingshadbetterbestoredinsidethestorage,ifstoredintheopenairplaceandduringthetransportation,theymustbecovercloselywithtarpaulin.Therulesto wateranddiminishthedustshouldbedevelopedandthereshallbedesignatedpersonstocarryoutthoseruleswithspecialequipmentsonthesite.Thewastewatersuchasthewaterusedtoflushthepumpvehiclesmustfirstlybedischargedintothesettlingpotandonlywhentheyreachthedischargestandardcanbedischargedintothemunicipalwastewatersystemorbeusedtodiminishingthedustraising.Untreatedmuddywaterisstrictlynotallowedtodischargedirectlyintothedrainage.3.WATERTOWERCONSTRUCTIONMETHODS3.1MeasuringandLofting3.1.1HorizontalcontrolCarefullylocateandre-checkthecentrepointandfourdirectionsinbearingplatformconstruction.Theaxisshouldbeledoutsidethereservoirformeasurementbytheodolite.Meanwhiletheformworksidelinesinsideandoutsidethesupportshouldbemarkedonconcretebearingplatform.3.1.2VerticalcontrolUsingtotal-stationtomeasuretilltheconstructionsitebasedonthedatumpointanddatabaseprovidedbytheowner,andsteadilylaid2verticalcontroldatumpointforconstructionafterrelativelyclosedcheck.Verticalcontroldatumpointshouldbesetonstablenon-sedimentationbasementoutsidebuildingsandembedironaccessoriesasmarks.3.1.3EarthworkWorkingprocessesasfollows:Measurementandsettingout→machinedigging→Artificialexcavationofreservedlayerinbasetrenchbottom→Artificiallevelingofbasetrenchbottom→Reportingtoowner,supervisoranddesigninstituteforexamination→Pilework a.Usingexcavatortodiganddumptrucktotransittheearthtoownerdeliveryplace.Artificialcleaningofearthshouldbeappliedwithmachinery.Whenmachinedigsclosetothetrenchbottom,controltheelevationbylevelinstrumenttoleave20~30cmearthlayerforartificialexcavationincaseofdiggingexcessivelyorremoldingthesubsoil.b.Measureandset50cmlevelmarklinetotrenchbottomwhendiggingtolessthe50cmfromthebottom,whichwillbeusedforlevelcontrolwhencleanupthebottomearthlayer.Checkthefoundationtrenchsize,levelandtrimthesidelopeandbasementinaccordancewithaxisandfoundationoutline.c.Afterearthexcavationloadingstrengthtestshouldbetakenplaceasrequired.3.2Formwork3.2.1FoundationformworkFoundationformofthisprojectisreinforcementconcretestructureusingsteelformwork,whichis15mmthickand1.22x2.44mminsize.Theformworkuses40x60mmsquaretimbertoreinforcethekeelwithsteeltube,andrimweldingscrewconnectedwithfoundationsteelbar. 3.2.2SupportandmouldWorkingprocedurestartfromtoptobottomaccordingtothestructureofsupport,every3metersalayer,framepillarandbeamsidemouldequippedwithsteelmouldofonelayerappliedinturnover.Steelmouldwillbeusedinbeambottom,staircaseterrace,andthejointbetweenterraceandframe.Mouldsupportframecouldusebowlsupportorfullhallsteelscaffoldwithfasteners.Verticalbarspacingis800mm,withhorizontalbarspacing1500mmandtophorizontalbar@≤500mmwithverticalcrossbracesetoutside,andanotherhorizontalcrossbracesetatthejointofverticalcrossbraceandbarinthecorner.Thecrossbracesshouldbefullybracedandsealed.Thefullhallscaffoldshouldberigidconnectedwithfinishedsupportformwork,connect1leveleverytwosteps. Columnmouldusesbolttoconnectandinthemiddlepartstrengthenthetensioningscrew,.Threesteeltubebuckleinupper,middleandunderplaceconnecttofullhallscaffoldwith2diagonalbracetowards4directionsinupperandmiddleplace.Horizontalbarinbottomofbeamformworkconnectwithfullhallscaffoldandalsoconnectedtocolumnplateboltontwosides.Strengthenthetensioningscrewinmiddlepartandaddsteeltubeunderthebeamtosupport,inwhichspacingwillbe800mm.3.2.3WatertankformworkWatertankconstructionusessteelformworkandwillbedividedinfivetimesofwork:one-timepouringofbottomgirderandplate,one-timepouringofinvertedcone,two-timepouringofcylinderandone-timepouringoftopshell.3.2.4Bottomgirderandslab15mmthinksteelslabcanbeusedwhichiseasytocutandinstall.Mainkeelusesφ48×3.5mmsteeltubewhilesubkeeluses40×60mm@200mmsquaretimber.Tileallthesteelslabsoftopplateinsamedirectionandsameorder,andensurethekeelundertheseam,tightlyseamedandnofaultingof slabendsonthesurface.Allsupportsuseadjustablejacking.Fullhallscaffold→Layingatbottomofgirder→Beamsideform(Sealonesidefirstandreservetheother)→Beamsteelassembling→Topslabmouldassembly→Mouldadjustmentandacceptance.3.2.5InvertedconeInvertedconecouldusessteelmouldswhilebeamandstairterracecouldusesteelmould.Fullhallscaffold→Wallsteelassembling→Wallsidemould→Mouldadjustmentandacceptance.Sinceinvertedconeisinclinedwall,mouldreinforcingshouldtakeriseandinclineintoconsideration,andthemouldcouldbereinforcedbyweldingbolttogetherwithwallsteelbars.3.2.6CylinderApply50%steelmouldandremoveafterthelowerpartconstructionfinishesforturnover.Fullhallscaffold→Wallsteelassembling→Wallsidemould→Mouldadjustmentandacceptance.Theverticalityandflatnessofmouldshouldbeadjustedafterthemouldsareinstalled.Usefullhallscaffoldtostabilizethesupportmoulds,diagonalbracingortopbracingsteelmouldincaseofleaninginwards.Usesteelwireropeforopposite-fullincaseofleaningoutwards.3.2.7TopshellFullyprecaststeelmould,andnamethematchingboardonebyoneinordertoinstallcorresreservoiringlytoensuretheoverallradianofthetopshell.Fullhallscaffold→Topslabmouldinstallation→Mouldadjustmentandacceptance.NotificationofformworkconstructionMouldFabricationmustfulfillthesectionsize,twodiagonaltolerancelessthan1mm,andoversizedmouldsmustbeadjustedorreplacedotherwiseputoutofuse.Thekeelsshouldbedouble-sidedpolishingandthebendedor deformedshouldnotbeusedaskeels.Seamofmouldshouldbetight,andnofaultingofslabendsonthesurface.Pastespongebarsandpayattentiontotheinstallationqualificationofcrossingbolt.Preparetoinstallthemouldsafteracceptationofconcealedworklikesteelbarsandjointtreatment.Cleanupsundries,weldortrimthelocatingembeddedaccessoriesofmoulds,carefullysurveyandsetout,andplasterlevelingmortarunderthemouldsbeforeinstallation.Columnandbeamsidemouldscanonlyberemovedafterconcretesetundercircumstancesofthesurfaceedgesandcornerswillnotbedamagedbecauseoftheremovalofmoulds.Whenconcreteintensityofsameconditioncuredsamplereaches1.0MPa,loosethebolttomakethemouldseparatefromthewall.Ifitisdifficulttoseparate,crowbarcouldbeusedtopryatthebottomofmouldswhilstpryingonthetoppart,shakingorusinghammertohitthemouldsarestrictlyprohibited.Theresidueofremovedmouldsshouldbecleaneduptimely.Beambottommouldscouldberemovedwhentheintensityofconcretesampleundersameconditionreachabove75%.Topslabmouldsshouldberemovedfromoneendtopreventmanorobjectsfallingcausingqualityaccident.Topslabmouldsshouldbeprotectedwhileremoving.Removedmoulds,keelandbowl-fastenerscaffoldorsteeltubesshouldbeplacedneatlyincategoryandavoidstockingmaterialscentrally.Removednailsshouldberecycled,andtheworkingplaneshouldbecleanedupincaseofinjuring.ApplyreleasingagentRemovedmouldsshouldbecleaned,repairedandappliedreleasingagenttimely.Mortaronbothsidesincludingrimofmouldsshouldbecleanedupfirstbyusingcleaningtoolssuchasflatspade,abrasivepaper,anglegrinder,rollingbrushandwipingcloth.TechnicalrequirementsofmouldsinstallationMouldsinstallationfulfillsthetechnicalrequirementsinbidding documents.3.3Reinforcementwork3.3.1ReinforcementprocessingSteelbarsshouldbeprocessedincludingrustremoval,aligning,cuttingandbendingformingbeforeshapingasdesign.Allsemi-finishedproductionofreinforcementshouldbeprocessedinsitereinforcementworkshop.Productionshouldstartwithsamplingaccordingtobillofmaterialandthenputintobatchproductionaftertrialproductionqualified.Toensuretheprecisionofgeometricdimensioninprocessing,operatingpersonnelofsamegroupofmaterialshouldnotbechangedexceptspecialcircumstances,especiallyforsteelhoopandsteelbarbendupwhichrequirehighprecisioninshape.Processedsemi-finishedproductsshouldbestockedandclassifiedaccordingtospecificationandquantity.Specialpersonnelshouldbesettolabel,registerandissuetheprocessedsemi-finishedproducts,properlyarrangedtherequisitionformsbeforeblankingandreducewaste.Processingqualitystandardshouldmeetthedesignedrequirement.3.3.2ReinforcementinstallationFoundationreinforcementshouldbelaidtransverselyfirst,jointlocatesin1/3pointandstaggeredby50%.Crosswisereinforcementshouldbevertical andalljointsneedtobestrappedusingwrapbuttonandbuttontowardsinside.Circumferentialandlengthwaysreinforcementshouldbestrappedpointwiselyorspotwelding.Protectionlayerofreinforcementusesprecastconcreteorplasticmatspacing1m.3.Notificationofreinforcementworka)Sectionchiefshouldsuccessfullyfinishthetechnicaldisclosureinordertomakeallpersonnelawareoftheirobligationsandqualitystandards,andallworkingunitsshouldalsocompletethetechnicaldisclosureandselfcheck.b)Nopersonnelofconstructioncouldchangeorreplacedrawingsatwill.Ifthedrawingsmismatchreality,informthetechnicaldirectortimelyfordealingwith.Necessarychangeofreinforcementshouldbeinproposedinwrittenformafterdesignedandunified.c)Theconstructionteamshouldbecarefulwiththesizeofelements,specification,type,amount,locationandjointconstructionofreinforcement.Prearrangeandfixlineforthereinforcementinordertomakebindingaccordingline,upperandlowercrosspointsproperlyarranged.Bindingwireshouldbeinwardsandnotexposed.d)Carefullycheckthefasteninglength,lapjointlengthandlapjointmisplacement.Avoidrework.Properlyarrangetheprotectionlayermatandensurethelayersizeiseffective.e)Allreinforcemententersiteshouldbeusedwithqualitycertificate,testreportandafterfieldsamplinginspectionqualified.Reinforcementshouldbestockedandproperlyplacedaccordingtospecification,typeandclassification.f)Inprocessingsemi-finishedreinforcement,massivemanufactureshouldbestartedafterfirstlymadetemplatesaresampletestedqualifiedbyqualityinspector.Bindtemplatesbeforebindingreinforcements,andalsostartmassivebindingaftertestedqualified.g)Allweldedjointsshouldbeexaminedbeforebindingwallandcolumnstirrup.Afterbindingfoundationreinforcement,fixingmatandcheckedqualifiedbyheadmanandspecialqualityinspector,reporttosupervisor divisionforinspection.h)Thesurfaceofreinforcementshouldkeepclean.Whileplasteringthereleaseagentdonotpollutethereinforcement.Reinforcementwithgranularandflakyrustaswellasonesremainsmottlingafterrustremoval.3.4ConcreteWork3.4.1Thein-situconcretemixingwillbeusedduringconcreteworka、MaterialrequirementsRequiredmaterialsforconcretemixing,suchassand,stones,cementandadmixture,mustmeettechnicalrequirementspecificationsinbiddingdocuments.b、MixingrequirementsBeforemixing,addsomewaterandidleforseveralminutes,thenpourawaythewater,letthemixerfullywet.Duringthefirstmixing,duetothemortarlossonthebarrel,dosageofstonesshouldhalvedasrequired.Mixedconcretemustbefullydischarged,mixescannotbeloadedbeforedischargeisaccomplished,loadingduringdischargeiscertainlyforbidden.Watercementratioandslumpmustbestrictcontrolled,waterconsumptioncannotbeadjustedwithoutpermitionofengineer.c、ConcreteMixingMixingandloadingshouldfollowtheprincipleof‘stone-cement-sand’.Theamountofeachloadingcannotexceed10%oftotalvolumeofmixer.Duringfirstmixing,firstlystartingupandidling,thenloadandmixwhilethemachinefunctionedwell,thenaddingextra10%cement,waterandaggregateaccordingtomixportion.Letredundantmortarstainedontheinwallandblade,preventingthelackofmortarforthefirsttank.D、IndwellingPositionofConstructionJointConstructionjointwillnotbereservedonbaseboards;horizontalconstructionjointswillbereservedforevery3monsupports;ditto,horizontal constructionjointswillbereservedforeachbaseplateofcistern,junctionbetweencentrumandcolumn,middleofcolumn,topofcolumn.Andverticalconstructionjointswillnotbeadopted.3.4.2PouringofConcreteBlindingconcretewillbeloadedandpouredbyagitatortruck,conductingplatevibratorforvibration,smoothingandcalendaringthesurface.Continuousconcretinginliftsbyhorizontalpumpwillbeconductedduringbaseplateconcretepouring.Beforepouring,sundriesinformworksanddirtonsteelsmustbecleanedup.Pillarsandbeampouringwillusehorizontalpump,pillarspouringwillconductcontinuousconcretinginlifts,highofeachlayeris500mm,andbeamwillbecompletedbyonetime.Concretebaseplatesandbeamsforwatertankwillbepouredbyhorizontalpump,pouringbeamsfirst,thenbaseplates,alloftheseprocedureswillbeaccomplishedbyonetime.Invertedconesandcylindersforwatertankwillbepouredbyhorizontalpump,500mmhighforeachlayer,andsymmetricalpouringonbothsides.Whilepouringconcreteshellonthetopofwatertank,conductsymmetricalpouringonbothsidesfromlowertoupperbyusingtrailerpump.Firstly,slumpmustbeundercontrol,whosevaluecannotbeoversize;Secondly,pouringspeedmustbeundercontrol,whichcannotbeexcessivelyfast;Thirdly，elevationmustbeundercontrol,thicknessandradianmustbeensured,smoothingbyarc-shapeddabyslicker.Formworkbelookedafterbyspecially-assignedpersonduringpouring,conditionsofformwork,support,reinforcedsteel,embeddedpipemustbeobserved.Stoppingpouringwhenanydeformationhasemerged,andfixitbeforeinitialsetting.3.4.3ConcreteVibrationUsingcontinuousconcretinginlifts,minimizequenchtimeifitisrequired,completeupperlayerofconcretepouringbeforetheinitialsettingoflower layerofconcrete.Fastinsertingandslowlypullingoutwhileusinginternalconcretevibrator,insertpositionshouldbearrangedbyquincunx,theprocedureofvibrationmustbedoneasordered,separationdistancemustnotexceed50cm.Insertintolowerlayerfor5cmwhilevibratingupperlayer,inordertoeliminatejointsbetweentwolayers.Separationdistanceofplatevibratormustensurethattheplateofvibratorcancovertheborderofvibratedpart.Thetimeofvibrationshouldensurethatanylaitanceorbobblesorsinkingcannotbeemergedontheconcretesurface.3.4.4ConcreteClearingDustanddirtconcreteonproductsmustbeclearedbyspecially-assignedpersonduringorafterpouring.3.4.5ConcreteCuringBaseplateandapicalplatemustbecoveredbyplasticfilmandwateredinnomorethan12hoursafterpouring,keepingthemwetandcuringfor7days.Beforetheconcretestrengthisnotexceed1.2Mpa(confirmedbyexperimentsunderthesamecondition),steppingonitforotherworkisforbidden.Afterformremovalofcolumn,beam,wall,waterthosestructureandkeepsurfacewetfora7-daycuring.3.5QualityControlMeasuresLocationsurveying:Setupconstructionaxes,elevations,controllingpoints,protectthembyusingconcrete,thenmakeidentificationsofsurveyresults.Theworkofpayingoffonfixedpointmustbeseriouslychecked,preventingaxesexcursionormeasurementerror.Reinforcingbarengineering:qualityguaranteeorcertificatemustbeprovidedforeverysite’sreinforcingbar,samplingandinspectingasrequired,replenishingdataafterusingisforbidden.Formworkengineering:formworksandtheirsupportsmustbeconfirmed bycalculation,ensurethattheyhaveenoughstrength,inflexibilityandstability.Concreteengineering:Makingconcreteplanmuststrictlyfollowtheinstructionofstrengthgradeofeachpanelpointasshownondrawings.Beforepouring,wettheformworkbywater,duringtheprocedure,vibrateasrequired,preventinglackofvibration.Afterwaterproofandsubprojectareaccomplished,makesurepreventingworkisdone,dopoorlydoneworkoveragain.Settinguphorizontalmarkingusingtherateof300mm,whichistheaccordanceofcontrollingelevation,pullingmainrulerbyevery5,10,20,30meter,inordertoeliminateerrors.Conductingsubsideobservationasrequired(subsideobservationpointshouldbesetupat+0.50ofsidefaceofcolumn,A,B,C,D)4.POOLCONSTRUCTIONPLAN4.1MachineinstallingInstallingmustfollowprojectdrawings,equipmenttechnicaldocuments(includingtranslatedversion),instructionbooks(includingtranslatedversion),andassemblydrawings.Duringinstalling,recommendationsandsuggestionsmustbeproposedintimeoncethatengineerhavefondtheunreasonableparts.Afteraseminarbetweenengineerofsiteheadquarteranddesignorganization,amodifieddesignwillbeputforward,thenexecutethemodifieddesign.Duringinstalling,operateverycarefully,preventequipmentfromdamage.Measuresofinstallingareshownininstructionbooksandassociatedspecifications.Ifthereisanyconflictemergedbetweenspecificationsandinstructionbooks,followspecifications.4.2Equipmentunpackingandchecking Unpackingandcheckingmustbeprocessedbeforeinstalling,avoidunpackingbeforesecondarytransportation,inordertopreventingequipmentfromdamageorcomponentlost.Afterchecking,anacceptancecheckmustbe conductedbybothmanufacturerandengineer,thenrecord.Ascertainequipmentmodelandcasenumber,avoidopeningthewrongcase.Unpackingusuallystartattopboard,afterunpacktopboardandchecked,unpackotherboardswithsuitableways.Ifitisinfeasiblethatstartingattopboard，unpackfewsideboardsatsuitableposition,thencheckthesituationanddetermineafeasiblemeasure,thencontinue.4.3Equipmentinstalling4.3.1Takingplace,alignment,leveloutQualityrequirementsofequipmentfoundation’ssizeorpositionmustconformtothetechnicalrequirementsofbiddingdocuments.Beforeequipmentistakenplace,cleanupgreasydirtorsoilonthedirtinfoundationboltpreformedhole,foundationofgroutingmustbechiseledintogneiss,clearupconcretewithgreasydirt,ensurethequalityofgrouting.Conformingtothetechnicalspecifications,setupmeasurepointofalignmentandlevelout,accuratemeasuringandinstallingequipment.4.3.2hoistingHoistingafterstrappingtheequipmentshellbyusingsteelwireropeorswingingringontheequipment,connectingpipeontheshellormanholecannotbeused.Testinghoistingbeforeofficiallyhoisting,preventingshakingandwobblingduringtesting.Hoistingmustbedonebyfollowingprovisionaldirectionandangle,ensurethatremarkablepositionalterationoccurredaftercarryingandtakingplaceintothebuilding.Preventinginstallationequipment,foundation,foundationboltaroundmachinefromdamage.4.3.3InstallingDuringinstalling，jointplateandblindplatecannotbedismantled,inordertopreventingsundriesfromfallingintothemachine.Whiledecomposingequipment,sidewardcomponentsshouldshelvedtransiently,andarrangedappropriately,preventingfromcollapseorotherdamage,thesamekindofcomponentshouldbeputtogether,incaseofconfusionorlost. Duringinstalling,verticalityoffoundationbotshouldnotbeexceed10/100;Theconnectionbetweenbolt,gasketandequipmentbasemustbefine;Aftertighteningbolt,theremustbeadistanceof1.5to5threadpitchawayfromnut.Onesetofmatironmustbesetupneartoeachfoundationboltiftheequipmentloadistakenbymatirongroup;matirongroupshouldneartofoundationboltasmuchaspossiblewhilematirongroupcanbesetsteadilyandgroutingwillnotbeaffected;Thedistancebetweentwocontiguousmatirongroupisusuallyabout500-1000mm;Theacreageofeachmatirongroupshouldbeabletosustaintheequipmentload.Theamountofmatironshouldbeminimizedforeachgroup,andeachgroupshouldbecomposedbylessthanthreepieces,usethinmatironaswall.Whileplacing,putthethickestatbottom,andthinnestinthemiddle.4.4Installationofelectricalequipment4.4.1ConstructionsequenceGiveprioritytogeneralplaneembeddedpipelineconstructiontominimizefutureexcavation,backfillingearthworkandotherwork.Embeddedparts,preparedhole,andtheholeworkshouldworkcloselywiththecivilstructureconstructionprogressinordertoavoidandreducetheworkofbreakingthewallandpunching.Paycloselyattentiontohiddenworks’records,coordinateallkindsofconstructioncraftsaswellastheworkofcountersignature.Themanagementofconstructioncraftsisthatpipelinesworkisfirstandelectricalworkandinstrumentworkafterit.Greatercoordinationisneededintheworkofcivilengineeringanddifferentconstructioncrafts.4.4.2InstallationofprotectiontubeElectricallineswithvariousmetalcomponents,ironcomponentsandpipingshouldbetreatedwithantisepticpreservatives.Allthenon-conductiveportionoftheironcomponents,likeirontubewiring,metalthoughwiring,enclosedbusbars,cablewiringandotherwiring,shouldbeconnectedtoeach otherorbypass,makingitacontinuousconductor,thenletitlinkwiththeground.Darklinesshallbelaidalongtheclosestrouteandtrytominimizebending,thenetdistancebetweenthetubesburiedinthewallsandthegroundsurfacearenotlessthan15mm.Thereshouldbenoperforatedholes,cracks,obviousunevenconditionandseriousrust,etc.Thereshouldbenocracksandconcave-convexphenomenaafterthetubebending,generallythedegreeofdeflectionisnotgreaterthan10%ofthepipediameter,pipebellmouthshallbemadeorpolishedattheendofthepipe.Thelocationofthenozzleoftheintroducingtubeshouldbeeasytoconnectwiththedevice,andthepositiondoesnotpreventthedevice’sdismountingandaccess,portofparallellayingpipeofcableshouldbearrangedinneatrows,whenusingcableductsforconnectingwiththegroundingwire,thegroundwireshouldbeweldedfirst,andthenlaythecable,thedrainageslopeshouldbenotlessthan0.1%.4.5Themainprocessofconstructionmethod4.5.1.Surveyandstaking-outAccordingtoelevationreferencepointsupplybyPartyJIA,usingthetotalstationmeasureandconstruct,surveyingoperationsshouldmeetthetechnicalspecifications 4.5.2.EarthworkAccordingtothesite,largeexcavationshouldusemechanicalequipment,withthelabortoremovethesoilsubstratereserved.Specificstepsareasfollows:Line-laying,lineinspection→mechanicalexcavators→putthebaseedgeline→checkoffoundationsubsoil→bottomlevelingdressing4.5.3CushionconstructionAfterthepilefoundation’checkandaccept,cushionconstructioncanbegin,beforepouringcushionlayer,thebasetanktopsoilshouldbecleaned,usingtotalstationsandtemporaryelevationcontrolpointstocontrolcushionelevation.Usingvibratorsmaketheconcretingcushionconcreteandsmooththesurface.4.6Steelworks1)ReinforcedProjectOverviewMainlyincludefloor,wall,diversionwalls,beams,roof,manholes,ventsetc.2)Steelprocessingsteelareremovedrust,straightenedandmoldedintheprocessingsite.3)PlatesteelbindingProcess:checkthepositionoffloor,poolwall,guidingwallandnodesSub-fileflagpaintedsteelplateandelasticline4)Poolwall,wallandbeamssteelProcess:removethepluggingsteel’spositioningsteelorpipesteel→buildingverticalreinforcementspacers→Bindhorizontalsteelsandverticalsteelsconnected→bindingotherhorizontalsteelsandverticalsteels→Protectivelayer5)RoofsteelbandingProcess:Cleanupdebrisonthetemplate→Paintingthelowerreinforcementintervalline→Placedlowersteel→bindlowersteel→Installroof horsestool→binduppersteel.setofcushionblock→Handledimplicitlyrecognizedinspectionandqualityassessmentproceduresforsigning.4.7.FormworkEngineering1)TemplateDesigna、CushionTemplateCushionthicknessis75mm,cushiontemplateusing40×60mmsquaretimber,squaretimberissetalongtheedgecushion,squarewoodensupportinthepitwall,notinthepitedgereinforcedwithshortfixed.b、BasetemplateBasetemplatethicknessis850mm,allsidemoldingusewith15mmthickplywood,backfluteuse40×60mmsquaretimber,outsideuseφ48×3.5mmsteelreinforcement.c、poolwallandwalltemplateUsing15mmthickplywood,using40×60mmsquarewoodenasverticalflute,usingφ48×3.5mmsteelfortransverseflute,poolwallusesφ14mm@500mmpullsealingscrew,guidingwallusingordinaryscrew.ALLarereinforcedbysteelwithobliquesupport.YinandYangangletemplateisformedatthesite,Yinangletemplateisseamedata45°angle,Yangangletemplateisdirectlyconnectedheadto head,inwhichthekeelwithafixedangle,punchholesintheangleoneachsidewithtwowoodscrewsinthesquaretimberon.Templatestitchingposition’skeelisfixedwithboltofM8@500topreventrubbingtemplatesets.Inordertoensuretheoverallwall,poolwall’sstiffnessandstabilityofthetemplate,settingbracingalongtheheightdirection,thusformingacompleteformworksystem.15mmthinksteelslabcanbeusedwhichiseasytocutandinstall.Mainkeelusesφ48×3.5mmsteeltubewhilesubkeeluses40×60mm@200mmsquaretimber.Tileallthesteelslabsoftopplateinsamedirectionandsameorder,andensurethekeelundertheseam,tightlyseamedandnofaultingofslabendsonthesurface.Topslabsupportingsystemshouldbebowlsupportorfullhallsteelscaffoldwithfasteners,withuptightbarspacing1000mmandcrossbarspacing1500mm.Allsupportscoulduseadjustablejacking.2)TemplateinstallationAftersteelandotherconcealedworkcompletedandtheconstructionjointcleaned,thepreparationofinstallationtemplatecanbegin.BeforeMountingtemplate,thedebrisshouldbetocleared,weldingortrimmingtemplatepositioningembeddedparts,dosurveyingandlay-lineworkwell.Rooftemplateinstallationsequence:fullhouseframe→mainkeel→secondarykeel→roofTemplatesinstallation→rooftopontheside300mmtemplates→templatesadjustmentandacceptance→makingthenextprocess(roofsteelbinding).3)RemovalofthetemplateOnthepremiseoftheconcretestrengthreaching1.2Mpaandensuringitssurfaceedgesnotdamagedduetoremovalofthetemplate,theremovalworkcanbegin.Inthesameconditions,whenthespecimenofconcretestrengthreaches1.0MPa,firstloosentheboltthroughthewall,makethetemplatewiththewallapart,ifencounteringdifficulties,usingtheavailablecrowbarprythebottomofthetemplate,itisprohibitedpryingatthetemplatetop,shakingor usingasledgehammersmashingtemplates.Timelycleantemplate’sresidue.4)TechnicalrequirementsoftemplateinstallationTemplatesareinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewithtechnicalspecifications,ensuringthequalityofconcreteconstructionofpools.4.8.Concreteworks4.8.1OverallarrangementInthisproject,concreteissendedintothepouringpositionbyalyingpumpofcar.Accordingtotheconstructionprocessandschedulearrangements,concretepouringworktrytoarrangeduringtheday,butduetothelargeamountofconcretepouring,pouringmustbecontinuous,on-sitemanagementstaffisdividedintotwoshiftsof12hours,theleadershipandtheprofessionalconstructionpersonnelshouldfollowthisprocess,beresponsibleforthemanagement,andcoordinatedifferentaspects’work .4.8.2ConstructionmethodReady-mixedconcreteistransportedbyusingtankerandmakesurethatconcretemustmeettherequirementsofconcreteslumpdegree.Atthesite,concretehoppercarrearaccesswithasmallconcreteslumpwasmeasured,andmakerecords.Makesuretheconcretedoesnotproducesignificantsegregationwhentransportingtothesite.4.8.3UsinghorizontalpumpdelivertheconcreteBackplanedoesnotleaveconstructionjoints;thewallofhorizontalconstructionjointsabovethebackplanesurfaceissetat300mm,centerandroof,andplacelongpasswaterpipeinside,thewalldoesnotleaveanyverticalconstructionjoints;roofandbeamsdonotsetconstructionjoints.Cushionconcreteuseshorizontalpumptopour,usinghorizontalplatevibratorsvibrateandsmoothsurface.Backplaneconcreteusehorizontalpumpstopourcontinuously.Beforepouring,thedebrisonthetemplateandtheoilonthesteelshouldbecleaned;cracksandholesinthetemplateshouldbeblockedstrictly.Thewallofpooluseshorizontalpumpstopour,withclothrodpouringcircularlyalongthedirectionofwall,thethicknessofpouringis40cm(with50vibrators),ashthicknessusesfootlevertomeasure,controllingwithhandlelight.Applyplug-invibratorstovibratethepouringposition,whenconstructing,vibratorsinterpolationpointwasplum-typearrangement,arrangeitwithorder anddonotneglect.Whenvibratorsvibratetheupperlayer,itshouldbeinsertedthebelowlayeratthedistanceof5cminordertoeliminatetheseambetweenthetwolayers.Movementoftheplatevibratorshouldensurethevibrator’splatetocovertheedgeofthepartofhavingbeenvibrated.Vibrationprocessisachievedwhenthesurfaceofconcreteappearsfloatinglaitanceandbubbledoesnotappear,concretesinksappropriate.4.8.4ThepouringofcushionconcreteAfterthepilefoundationchecksandaccept,usepumpcartopouringtheconcrete.Useplaneconcretevibratorsvibrate,compactingtheconcrete,afterit,usetheelevationmarkedinthesteelrodandhorizontalelevationmeasuredbysmallcottonlinetochecktheevenness,makeitevenifitisnoteven.4.8.5ThepouringofbackplaneconcreteBackplaneconcreterequirestwoswiftspouringconcretesimultaneouslytoensuretheunionofthebackplane,pouringworkshouldcompletedonlyonce,leavingnoverticalconstructionjoints;the30cmheightpartofthepool’sbottomarepouredwiththebackplaneatthesametime.(setbythecarpenter).4.8.6ThepouringofpoolwallandwallconcreteBeforepouring,fillthewallwiththesameproportion’smortarwithoutthestone,withthethicknessof30to50mm,Concretearepouringandvibratedlayered,thethicknessofpouringis50cm(with50vibrators),thepouringthicknessusesfootlevertomeasure,controllingwithhandlelight.Thevibratorshouldnottouchthesteelandembeddedpipefittings,inaddition,peopleshouldbemanagedtobeatthetemplatetocheckifitleaks.Putvibratorevery6meters,donotmovethembackandforth,Inthehorizontalconstructionjoints,beforepouringalayerofconcrete,theedgeoftheconstructionjointsshouldbetrimmedbytoothlesssawtoensuretheconstructionjointsstraight.Whentrimming,thetrimmingdepthshouldbecontrolledstrictlyanddonottouchthesteel.4.8.7Thepouringofroofconcrete Roofconcreterequirestwoswiftspouringconcretesimultaneouslytoensuretheunionofthebackplane,pouringworkshouldcompletedonlyonce,leavingnoverticalconstructionjoints;aroundthepoolwallandtheconnectionpartoftheplane,usevibratorvibrate,makingitcompacting,donottouchthestreel,andaddmorerod.Afterit,scrapeituse2meterscrapingbarwithawoodentrowelmakingitsmooth,thenusepolishingmachinepolishit,finally,checktheplane’selevation,controltheevennessstrictly.4.8.8ConcretecuringPouredbottomslabandtopslabconcreteshouldbecoveredbyplasticfilmandwateredin12hours.Theconcreteshouldremaindampandbeingcuredfor7days.Beforetheintensityofpouredconcrete≤1.2Mpa(confirmedbysameconditiontest),noworkorhumanactivitiesshouldconductedonit.Waterafterthemouldsofpoolwallremoved,keepthesurfaceofconcretedampandcurefor7days.4.9.AppurtenantworkTheappurtenantworkincludesoutdoorstaircase,airventilator,manholeandladderstand.Constructionshouldbeconductedinaccordancewithdrawingsandspecificationrequirementsinbiddingdocuments,andthoroughlyconductedqualitycontrolwork.4.10.ExternalscaffoldSetupgrounddouble-rowscaffold,7.2minheight,uprightbarspacing1.5m,horizontalinterval1.8m,rawinterval0.8m,0.4mtothewall,setup2horizontalcrossbarand2horizontalbracingpieceatbottomeverystep.Fullylay3layersofbambooframeboardorbamboopieceandtiedupbyironwire.Setupabracingevery3spans.Trimthebottomofuprightbarandplacematunderneathwithoutwaterlogging.Thesecondstepandoverusefinemeshsafetyverticalnetforclosedenclosure. 4.11.EarthbackfillingTheearthshouldbebackfilledtimelyafterworkscompletedinordertopreventthebasementfromdamaging,meanwhilethepipelinesembeddedworkshouldbefinishedbeforebackfilling.1).WorkingconditionsBasementworkshouldbecheckedandacceptedasqualifiedbeforebackfilling.Thesourceofbackfillshouldbeconsolidated,kneadcohesivesoilbyhandanddroptoground,scatteredwillbequalified.Thisisbecauseifthebackfillearthistoodryitwillbedifficulttotamping,andiftoodampwillturntoelasticclay.Nowaterlogginginthefoundationpit(waterandorganicobjectssuchasmoulds,paperbagsshouldbecleanedup).Properlyarrangedrainageworksaroundthepittostopthewateroutsidefromcomingin.2).ConstructionmethodsBackfillingwillstartfromthelowestplaceonconstructionsite,andfilllayerbylayerfromoneendtotheother.Virtualpavedepthshouldnotexcess30cmwhentampedbytampingmachine.Usedumptrucktotransitbackfillingearthandfillbackartificially. Testthequalityofeachlayerofbackfillaftertampingorcompacting,andtestthecompactnessofsoilbycuttingringsamplingmethod.4.12.Qualitycontrolmeasures1.Dividethewholeprojectintodifferentconstructionsection,defineparagraphboundariesclearlytoconfirmthepositionofconstructionjoints,asbasisofreinforcementloftingandprocessing,formworkmanufacturing,makesureofthetimesoncastingandvibrating,calculatingthequantityofconcreteandmaterials.2.TodoagoodjobofmeasuringworkAccordingtothemeasuringpointstoderivedifferentconsequencesasfollows:axes,centerlineandsidelineofcolumns,walls,beamsandplates,controlline,relevantelevation,positionline.Allthedifferentlinesshouldbemarkedonthesurfaceofsubgrade,andthentransfertotheconstructors.Thecorners,crossandotheridentificationsshouldalsobemarkedclearly.3.Theelevationofthesubgrade,centerline,sideline,andsectionsizeofcolumns,walls,beamsandplatesshouldcomplywiththedesignrequirement.Theerrorshouldbewithinthelimitsofspecifications.Toguaranteetheaccuracyofthereinforcedlocation,strengthenshapersbeforeconcreting,andensurethestrengtheningwirenotlessthantwo.Surfaceoftheconcreteonconstructionjointsshouldbecleanandrough,eliminateconcretelaitanceandothersundries. 4.EarthworkExcavationoffoundationaccordingtotherequirementsofdesigndrawings,toavoidlandslideafterdeformationcausedbylossoffoundationtrenchwallsoilwater,doslopeprotectionprocessingintime.Foundationshouldbeexcavatedbymachineseparately,leave200mmsoilabovethefoundationnottoexcavatefirst,thenfinishitbymanualworkbeforeconcretecushionconstruction.Assoonasfinishingconcretecushionwork,arrangeengineertoexamineinordernottoexposureandrainfall.Thebackfillworkisalsosame.Thebackfillworkoffoundationtrenchshouldbesymmetry.5.SteelworkReinforcedjointsinthesamemembershouldbestaggeredaccordingtothespecificationrequirements,steelbindingshouldbebindingfirmly,ensuretheskeletonsectionsizeandspacingtobeproper,Thebeam-reinforcementatjoinpointofbeam&columnshouldbeinwardlyofthecolumn,thebeam-reinforcementisbeyondthemainbeam-reinforcement.Whenwelding,shouldbestrictcomplyqualitystandards,toensuretheconstructionquality,speeduptheworkefficiencyandmeettherequirement.6.FormworkDimensionaccuracy,surfacesmoothness.Ifsurfacerough,levelingwithputty,polishingandlubricating,surfaceoftheformworkandskeletonstructureshouldbebindfirmlytomakesuretheperformancebegood.Whenformworkprocessingcompletely,thequalityinspectorwillcheckthematerial.Ifdisqualification,theformworkwouldnotbeused.Duringformworkinstallation,ensuretherightposition,plugthecrackswithspongeinordertoavoidleakslurry.Afterinstallation,thesurveyorwillrevisetheverticalheightbytheodolitemachine.Afterelevationandaxescheckedbytechnicalsection,thencancastconcrete. 4.13.Embeddedpartsandpreformedholesa.Beforework,theengineershouldcheckdrawingscarefullyfirst,fullyunderstandthedesignintent.Ifanyproblems,theengineershouldinformsiteengineersanddesigners.Beforeconstructionateverysyntagme,calculatealltheembeddedpartsandpreformedholes,andmakedrawingsandtableillustrate.Atlast,theengineershouldexplaintositetechnicianandforemanthedetails.Thetechnicalplanmustbecheckedbytheotherperson.b.Controlelevationandcenterlineoftheembeddedpartsandpreformedholesstrictly,ifnecessary,markontheformworkorreinforcedframewithpaint.c.Thesizeofpreformedholesmodelshouldbecomplywithspecifications.Thematerialofmakingembeddedpartsshouldbepickedcarefully,ifneededwaterresistant,notonlysetupflashing,butalsosealringinwallboltsandbushing.d.Beforecastingconcrete,theengineerinchargeandqualityinspectorwillcheckthepositionofembeddedpartsandpreformedholes.Afterpassingtheinspection,theinspectionreportshouldsignedbysupervisingengineerbeforenextprocedure.Duringconcretecasting,setupseveralobservationpointsaroundpreformedholesmodel,ifdeformationexceedtolerancerange,ceasetheworkatonce.Keeponcastingafterfirmtheformwork.e.Demolishformworkcarefully,repairitiftheerroroforificesizeandholepullverticalityexceedthesizerequirementstipulated.Covertheperformedholewithsteelboardatothertimesincaseofworksinadvertentlydropped.Setupbarriersaroundgroundkits,markitwithotherovergroundpartsofembeddedthings.f.Theweldareaofembeddedpartsshouldbeweldedwell,rustremovalbeforeembedded.Whenembedding,fixedsolidlyandstrengthenvibratingtotheconcretearoundtheembeddedparts.Afterfinished,protectcarefully. 5.CONCRETESTRUCTUREWORKS5.1Concrete5.1.1ConcreteMixDesignConcretemixdesignwillbeinaccordancewiththeSpecificationsandtotheapprovaloftheEngineer.AfterthecalibrationoftheBatchingPlantbyqualifiedinstitutewhichisapprovedbytheEngineer,planttrialswillbeperformedunderthesupervisionoftheEngineerinaccordancewiththeSpecifications.5.1.2MaterialsUsedforConcreteAllmaterialsusedforconcrete,includingcement,aggregate,sand,waterandadmixturewillbetestedtotheapprovaloftheEngineerwithfrequencyrequiredintheSpecifications.Samplingandtestingwillfollowtherelevantstandards.Thematerialswillbestoredseparatelytomaintaingoodconditionwithclearsignstoidentifyproduct,deliveryandproperties,inaccordancewithmanufacturer’srequirements.5.1.3PreparationbeforeConcretingBeforeconcretemixed,formwork,reinforcement,embeddeditemsshallbeinspectedfortheapprovaloftheEngineer.Allnecessarytools,includingvibrators,covering,andfinishtoolsshallbecheckedandreadyatsiteingoodcondition.Electricityandwatersuppliesshallbeensured.5.1.4ConcreteMixingConcretemixtureshallbethoroughlymixedinbatchingplantforaminimumof2minutestoachieveuniformconsistency.Inordertocontrolhydrationheatgeneratedintheconcrete,ifthetemperatureistoohigh,necessarymeasuresshallbetaken,forexamplecoolingofmaterialstobeused,toensuretemperatureofconcreteduringdifferentstagesshallbeinaccordancewiththeSpecifications.5.1.5ConcretePlacingTopreventsegregationduringpouring,freefallheightshouldbenomore than1.5m.Concreteshallbewellcompactedbyconcretevibratorinlayersnotexceeding300mmindepthandshallnotbecausedtoflowintopositionbyvibration.Themarkofgoodcompactionisthatnomorebubbling.Thevibratorshouldbeinsertedquicklyandretractedslowly.Slumptestshallbeperformedtoassuregoodworkabilityandstrength.ConcretesamplecubesshallbemadeinaccordancewiththeSpecifications.Noaddingwateraftermixerarrivedatpouringsiteisallowed.Theconcretepouringshouldbecontinuous.Ifthisprogressisinterruptedbyaccident,thetimeofinterruptionshouldbelessthantheinitialsettingtimeoffreshconcretelayer.Necessarymeasuresshallbetakenorconstructionjointshallbearrangedifthetimeprolongedmorethanallowedlength.Duringconcretecasting,reinforcementfixerandformworkcarpentershallbeatsitetocheckandmaintainthereinforcementandformworkinplaceandmakenecessaryadjustmentorfixingifrequired.ConcreteCasting5.1.6ConcreteCuringAllconcretesurfacesshallbecuredforatleast10daysoruntilthemeanstrengthoftemperaturematchedcubeshavereachedhalfoftheconcretecharacteristicstrength,whicheverislonger.Covershallbeprovidedtoprotecttheconcretefromharmfuleffectsofweather.Continuouswateringbysprinklingshouldbeperformedtokeepthe concretesurfacemoisturetoavoidcracksduetodryingshrinkageandreducethehydrationheat.5.1.7Inspection&Test1)Beforemixingofconcrete,reinforcementandformworkshouldbeinspectedtotheapprovaloftheEngineer.2)Slumptestwillbecarriedouttomonitortheworkability,withthetoleranceof±25mmor±1/3oftheoptimumvalue.3)150mmconcretetestcubewillbesampledattherateof1set/30m3,with3noscubestestedat7daysand3nosat28days.Theaverageofthethreecubesstrengthshallbetakenasthetestresult.4)Temperatureofconcreteshallbemonitoredandcontrolledduringtheconcreteplacingandcuringstages.Concretewhendepositedshallhaveatemperaturenomorethan32℃。Maximumhydrationtemperatureofconcreteshallnotexceed70℃.Notemperaturegradientwithintheconcreteshallbeallowedtoexceed15℃inadistanceof1mandmaximumtemperaturedifferencebetweentwopartsofthesamepourshallnotbeallowedtoexceed20℃.5)Afterremovalofformwork,concretesurfaceinspectionwillbeperformed.Defectiveconcreteshallberectifiedaccordingly.5.2Reinforcement5.2.1TestingofMaterialsReinforcementBarsshouldarriveatthesitewithtestreportsandcertificate.Allmaterialswillbeplacedseparatelybydifferenttypesanddiameteralongwiththesignboard.SampleswillbetakenunderthesupervisionoftheEngineer,thenumbersinaccordancewiththerequirementoftheSpecificationsasstatedbelow.TestspecimensperbatchDescriptionSizeofbatchTensileBendRebendBar0-60tonnes311 reinforcementnominalsize6mm-16mmEachadditional60torpartof60t1NilNilBarreinforcementnominalsize20mm-32mm0-80tonnes311Eachadditional80torpartof80t1NilNilBarreinforcementnominalsizeexceeding32mm0-100tonnes311Eachadditional100torpartof100t1NilNilEachspecimenofbarreinforcementshallbe1mlong.Tensiletest,bendtestandre-bendtestshallbeperformedaccordingtothepertinentstandards(BSEN1002-1:2001,SLS375:2009,SLS26:1993).ApprovalfromtheEngineershallbeobtainedbeforeusebysubmittingthetestreports.5.2.2StorageAllreinforcementwillbestoredoffthegroundonlevelsupportsandinamannerwhichwillnotresultindamageordeformationtothereinforcementorincontaminationofthereinforcement.Reinforcementbarshallbestoredinsuitableracks.Reinforcementshallbekeptinacleanconditionuntilitisrequiredtobeused.5.2.3BarBendingSchedulesBarBendingScheduleswillbepreparedandsubmittedtotheEngineerforcommentpriortocommencingcuttingandbendingbarsshownonthoseschedules.5.2.4CuttingandBendingBarsshallbecutandbenttothedimensionsshownonthebarbendingschedule.Allbarsshallbecoldbentbythegradualanduniformapplicationofpressure. 5.2.5FixingThesize,form,spacingandlocationofallreinforcementwillbeinaccordancewiththedrawings,withinatoleranceof±5mmofthecorrectposition.Andconcretecoverwillbeprovidedaccordingly.Covershallbemaintainedwithinatoleranceof+5.0mm/-2.0mm.Barchairs,spacerbars,etc.willbefixedtomaintainreinforcementincorrectpositionbeforeandduringconcreting.Starterbarsforcolumnswillbefixedaccordingtothedrawing,andprotectedagainsterosion.Laplengthwillbeinaccordancewiththedrawings.5.2.6Inspection&Test1)Afterreinforcementdeliveredtosite,thoroughcheckingshallbecarriedouttoensurethatallsteelforconcretereinforcementbeentirelyfreefrommillscale,excessivesurfacerust,pitting,oil,grease,paintandotherdeleteriousmatterbeforebeingusedinreinforcedconcretework.2)Testreportprovidebythemanufacturerwillbechecked,samplingandtestingwillbecarriedout.Afterfixingofreinforcement,selfcheckingwillbecarriedouttoensurereinforcementintherightposition,withcorrectnumber, sufficientlappinglength,andcleansurfacewithoutcontaminationofoilorrust.ConcreteplacingwillnotstartuntilapprovalfromtheEngineerisgivenafterinspection.5.3Formworks5.3.1FormworkMaterialPlywoodandtimberwillbeusedforformwork.Whileinstorage,formworkwillbestoredoffthegroundonlevelsupports,suchastimberlogs,anddamageordeformationshallbeavoided.Formworkwillbecheckedandcleanedbeforeusetoensuresuitabilitytoproducerequiredfinish.5.3.2FixingFormworkwillbedesignedandconstructedinaccordancewithBS5975:1982towithstandwithadequatesafetyfactorstheworstcombinationofselfweight,reinforcementweight,wetconcreteweight,etc.,togetherwithallincidentaldynamiceffectcausedbyplacing,vibratingandcompactingconcrete,inordertomaintainthepositionandshapeoftheformwork.Thebearingcapacity,rigidityandstabilityoftheformworksystemshouldbesufficienttobeartheloadgeneratedduringconcretepouring.Settingoutshallbecarriedouttoensurethecorrectpositionforformwork.Lineswillbemarkedclearlyonthescreedlayerforformworkerecting.Theshape,sizeandaccuracyofeachpartofconcretemembershallbeassuredNoleakingwillbeallowedduringconcreting.ReleaseagentwhichisapprovedbytheEngineerwillbeappliedbeforefixingandcontaminationtothereinforcementshallbeavoided.1)ColumnFormwork.FoursidesofplywoodformworkwithtimberlogstrengthenerwillbefixedandstabilizedusingGIpipesandclamps.2)FootingFormwork.Sideformworkofplywoodpanelswillbefixedandsupportedby50x100timberlogs.3)BeamFormwork.SupportedwithsideandtopbracingusingGIpipesandclampsandtie-bolts. FormworkFixingScaffoldings5.3.3Inspection&TestSelfcheckingandinspectionbytheEngineershallbeperformedbeforeconcreting.1)Wasteorwatershallbecleanedandremovedfrominsidetheformwork.2)Cleansurfaceofformworkwithapplicationofreleaseagentshallbeassured.3)Formworksupportingandbracingsystemcheckedtoprovidesufficientstrength. 1)Position,dimensionandalignmentwillbecheckedandmeasuredinaccordancewiththedrawing,withtoleranceof±6mmaccordingtotheSpecifications.2)Reinforcementcoverblocksshallbecheckedtoprovidesufficientprotection.5.3.4RemovalofFormworkFormworkshallnotberemoveduntilsufficientstrengthofconcreteisdeveloped.Forverticalnon-profiledformwork,asmostofthefoundationformwork,theminimumtimeforlooseningandremovingformworkwillbe12hoursasrequiredintheSpecifications.6.FINISHESWORKS6.1Plastering1).Thesubstratesurfacemustbecleanedbeforeplastering.Waterthewallsurfacetowashawaythedustinbrickjoints.2).Makesurethatifthereisanywaterdrippinghole,treatmentshouldbecarriedoutatthepositionofplastering3).Suspendverticallineandmakesuretheconcavesideperpendiculartotheconvexsideattheentranceofdoorsandwalls.4).Plasterblock:First,makeastandardplasterblockatthetopcornerofthewall’sbothsides(itsthicknessisthesamewithplasteringthickness).Second,maketwostandardplasterblocksatthebottomcornerofthewall.Third,nailtothenearbywallgap,fastenthesmallline,hangthrough-outline.Finally,makestandardplasterblocksevery1.5maccordingtothesmallline’sposition.5).Layeredplastering,sprinklecuringfor3daysafterfinalsettingofsurface.Thecuringdependsontemperature,butforoncetotwiceeveryday.6).Theplasteringatwallandinternal&externalcornerofdooropeningsshouldbestraightandsquare;Plasteringshouldbeneatwithoutcrack,bubblesorunevenness. 1).Plasteringprocessingshouldbeadoptedintheprincipleof"fromtoptobottomsoastoreducepollutionandprotectfinishedproducts.2).Steelwirescreenshouldbeinstalledonbasesurfaceatconnectionsofconcretestructureandmasonry.Plasteringcanbedoneafterfirmfixationandrougheningtreatment;Lappingwidthbetweensteelscreenanddifferentbasesshouldnotbelessthan100mm.3).Makesureplasteringlayerisnottoothick,whichmaynotbesuitableforadhesionandlikelytocausehollowing.Weshouldassuretheambienttemperatureandhumidityduringplasteringtoavoidhollowingandcrack.Afterplastering,spongewillbeusedtoabsorbthesurfacewater.Andemulsioncanbepainteddirectlyafterdrying.4).Onceplasteringworkisfinished,wastethatstickingtowallsurfaceandfallingonfloorshouldbecleanedintime.6.2DryWallPartitionThepartitionsequenceshallbeasfollows:Settingout→FixingoftopandbottomhorizontalUchannel→Fixingofverticalframechannel→Installationofverticalstuds→Strengtheningfordoorandwindowstuds→Installationofhorizontalstuds→Installationofgypsumcoverboard(oneside)→Electricityandpipingsystem→Soundabsorptionmaterialfilling→Installationofgypsumcoverboard(theotherside)→Treatmentforjointsandanglebead.1)Settingout:CarryouttheconstructionlinesforUchannelandframestudsonconcreteslab.2)FixingofUchannel:Straightenthestudalongthesettingout,fixwithM8*80mmexpansionbolts.Thespacingbetweenfixedpointsshouldnotbemorethan600mm.Buttjointbetweenstudsshouldkeepstraight. TypicalDetailsofPartitionWall1)Fixingofframestuds:Fixingtheframestudsaspersettingout.Thesidelineofstudsshouldcoincidewiththesettingout.EndsofstudsshouldbefirmlyfixedbyM8*80mmexpansionbolts,andthespacingbetweenfixedpiontsshouldnotbemorethan1m.2)Installationofverticalstuds:Theinstallationofverticalstudshouldbestraight.Andthespacingbetweenstudsis400mm.3)Strengtheningfordoorandwindowstuds:UchannelandC-shapedgalvanizedstudwillbeaddedforstrengthening.Onehorizontalstudshouldbeincreasedatthelintel.Rivetswillbeusedforfixingbetweenverticalstudsandhorizontalstudafterbending.4)Installationofhorizontalthroughstuds:Forpartitionslowerthan4m,installonehorizontalstud;forpartitionsbetween4mto6m,installtwohorizontalstuds;forpartitionshigherthan5m,installthreehorizontalstuds.5)InstallationofgypsumboardCheckthefirmdegreeoflightsteelstudframebeforeinstallation. Installationshouldbeginfromcentertothearound.Foronesidegypsumboardinstallation,itshouldbeginfromthedoorway.Forwallswithoutdooropening,itshouldbeginfromtheendofwall.Thefixingbetweengypsumboardandstudswillbedonewithself-drillingscrews.Thescrewheadsshouldbeembeddedintotheboard,withoutdamagingtheboardsurface.Thespacingofscrewsatthefoursidesis250mm.Whenatthecenter,thespacingshouldbe300mm.1)Installationofwireconduit,junctionbox,electricalcabinet,etc.2)Installrockwoolinsidethewall.3)Installthegypsumboardontheothersideofthewall.Buttjointsofgypsumboardshouldbestaggered.Forthebothsidespanelsofpartition,thehorizontalbuttjointsshouldalsobestaggered.Thebuttjointsforbothsidesofwallshouldnotbeonthesamestud.4)Treatmentforjointsandanglebead:Metalanglebeadshouldbeusedforexternalcornerbeforedecorationsofwallsurface.Anti-rusttreatmentshouldbedonefornailhead.Afterthis,otherdecorationcanbedone.5)Awallsampleshouldbedonefirst,andthenconstructionforlargeareacanbecarriedoutafteracceptance.DryWallFrames 6.3Ceiling6.3.1CementBoard/GypsumBoardCeiling1)Settingout:Controllinefortheceilinglevelshouldbesnappedonthecolumnsandwallsurfaceasperceilingdesign.2)Installationofsteelhanger:Asperconstructiondrawingsinconjunctionwithactualsitesituation,determinethelocationofsteelhanger-galvanizedM8full-threadedscrewandinstallhangerbolts.Forspacingthatexceeds1000mm,hangerrodsarerequiredforreinforcement.3)MainChannelInstallation:Galvanized60U-shapedmainchannelsarechosenasthemainchannels.Inthecourseofinstallingceilingmainchannelswithaspacingof800~1200mm,connecthangertothemainchannels,tightenscrewsandcheckflatnessofchannels.4)Secondarystudinstallation:Secondarystuds(includinghorizontalstuds)shouldbeinstalledcloselyalongthemainchannels,withaspacingof400/600mmbetweensecondarystuds.5)Edgechannelinstallation:Asperthecontrollinemarkedonthewallsurfaceorcolumns,fixtheedgechannelonthewallorcolumnswithexpansionscrews.6)CoverPanelInstallation:Beforethecommencementofcoverpanelinstallation,bothacceptancetestforallpipelinesintheceilingandpressuretestarerequired.Installthegypsumboardonthesecondarystudwith2.5*2.5mmself-drillingscrews.7)Accesspanelinstallation:Refertothedetaileddrawingsforconstruction.8)MEPinstallation:Asperthepipelinelayoutintheceiling,pre-boringisrequiredwhengypsumboardinstallationproceeds.Afterinstallation,openingcanbedoneasperthespecificsizegivenbyMEP. GypsumBoardCeiling6.3.2AcousticRockwoolCeilingPanels1)Settingout:Setouttheinternalceilingelevationlineasperdrawingrequirementsandreferencelineatthesite.2)Installationofsteelhanger:Confirmthesteelhangerpositionaccordingtotheactualinstallationconditionatsiteandrequirementsofshopdrawing.Theninstallthesteelhangerbolt.Galvanizedfull-threadscrewrod(M8orM6)willbeusedforsteelhanger.Whenthespacingexceeds1000mm,suspenderwillbeaddedtobothsides.3)Installationofmainchannel:Correspondingstudswillbeusedasperspecification.Inthisproject,themainchannelsare38#,50#and60#.Thespacingis800~1200mm.Duringinstallation,connectthehangertothemainchannel,fastenthescrewandchecktheflatness.4)Installationofsecondarystuds:Bakingfinishstudsandmatchedgalvanizedstudswillbechosenasmatchedsecondarystuds.Thespacingisthesamewiththeboardhorizontalspecification.Andthesecondarystudswillbehungonthemainchannelthroughhangers.5)Installationofsidestuds:Lshapedsidestudswillbeused.Fixwithself-drillingscrewstothewall.Thespacingis300~500mm.6)Installationofcoverplate:Thecoverplatewillbelappeddirectlyonthe matchedstuds.Forexample,Tshapedmineralwoolboard.AcousticRockwoolCeiling6.3.3FloorFinish1)ProcessMaterialpreparation→Markthecontrollineforfloorlevel→Basecoursetreatment→Markthereferenceline→Pavementforreferencemarkingscreed→Pavementforsurfacecourse→Pavementfortheskirtingboard→Curingandprotection2)SequenceofTiltingTilingforsegmentsinsequencecanbeadoptedforlargeareaofconstruction.Fortheoverallfloors,tilingshouldbestartedfromtheindividualroomstopassagewayorcorridor.Forgeneralrooms,tilingshouldbestartedfromthemiddletobothsides;forhallwithindividualcolumns,tilingshouldbestartedfromthefloorbetweencolumnstobothsides.Foralltherooms,completedtilesshouldbefirstpaved,anduncompletedtilesatlast.Tilingforskirtingboardcanbestarteduponthecompletionoffloortiling.3)TilelayingMethodOnthebasisofpreviouslyready-mademarkingscreed,hanginglinesfor bothsidesisrequiredforpavementofthe1strow,thenhanglineforonesideoncompletionofthe1strowtiling.Combinedlayerandtilesurfacesourceshouldbesimultaneouslypavedinsegments.Trialpavementisfirstcarriedout.Spreadthedryhardcementmortarontherequiredposition,smoothittoproperthickness,laythetilesondryhardcementmortar,slightlytaptilesurfacewithrubbermallettoensureadensecombinedlayerandadjustthetilesurface2-5mmlowerthanfloorlevelcontrolline.Ifthetrialpavementprovesproper,liftthetile,spreadalayerofdrycementpowderonthedense,dryandhardcementmortarcombinedlayer,spraywaterorpouralayerofcementmortar,thenputthetileagainattheoriginalplace.Whenreplaced,fourcornersofthetileshouldbestablydroppedatthesametime,thentapitssurfacetoensureevennessandclose,firmcombination.Atilepavementistobecompletedbytallyingtilesurfacewithfloorlevelcontrolline,andthestartthenexttilelayinginturn.Inthecourseofpaving,trytomakelevelandstraightatalltimestoensuresmoothtilingandalignedjoints.TileLaying1)QualityRequirementCeramicTilea.Ceramictilesshouldnotonlyhaveacleansurfacewithclearpattern anduniformcolorfreefromcrack,edgefailureandshortcornerbutalsobeproperlytiledwithsmoothjointsandstraightedges.a.Trimmingmaterialsadjacenttosurfacecourseandsizeshouldconformtodesigner’srequirementswithneat,smoothedgesandcorners.b.Jointwidthbetweentiles:within1.2mm.c.Makesuretilingforskirtingboardiscleanandfirmlycombinedwithuniformheightandthesamethicknesswithwall.d.Floorslopeshouldmeetdesigner’srequirementsfreefromwaterbackflowandponderedwater.Ensuretheconnectionbetweenfloordrainandpipesfirm,tightandnoleakage.1)ProductProtectionLeavethewellpavedfloorintactfor3days.Thenewlypavedroomsshouldbetemporarilyclosedandprepareaplankforoperatorandinspectortotreadon.Whenfloorpavementiscompleted,theroomsshouldbeclosed.Othertypesofworkscanbedoneaftertilinghasreachedrequiredstrengthandaboardneedstobecoveredforprotection.Planksarerequiredatwallcorners,doorsandwindowsincaseofcollision.6.4WallFinishWallTileSequenceshallbe;Setting-out→Tilepaving→TilePasting→CleaningSetting-out:Aspertheindoor50controlline,markouttheverticalandlevelcontrollinesonthewallplasteringcourse(levelingcourse).Tilepaving:Makeapreliminarytilearrangementaccordingtotilespecificationanddimensionsofwall&dooropening.Trytokeepsymmetricalforbothsidesofdoorandwindowaswellastheoverallwall.Tilepastingi.Cementmortarpreparation:Making1:2cementmortarwithhardand cleanmediumsandfreefromclay,grassrootandsiftedwithΦ5mmsievepore.i.Tilespastingstartsfromthefloortothewall,whichrequirestobeingoodorderwithjointPasting:Asperthetilelayoutline,starttilingfromthebottomandpullthelevelcontrollineforpasting.Forpasting,thebacksideoftilesshouldbefullyplasteredwithcementmortar,pastethetilesonthewallwithforce,slightlytaptileswithrubbermalletuntilmortarcomingoutfromtheperimeter,andremovethemortarwithscraper.Measurethelevelandverticalityoftilejointwithlevelinginstrumentandcheckthetilesmoothnesswithrunningruleatanytime.Jointscleaning:Aftertilesarefirmlypasted(generally24h),removetheremainingmortar,wipeforciblyalongthejointswithcleancottonsilksoakedwithwhitecementplasterandcleanthetilesurfacewithclean,wetcottonsilk.WallTiles6.5Painting1)CleaningWallSurfaceRemovethepeelingandloosepartsfromwallsurfaceandrefillwith cementmortar;clearawaytheremainingashresidueandsweepthewallsurfacetokeepitclean2)RepairtheWallSurfaceMakelevelingwithputtyforthesepartswheretherearebumps,potholesandgapsonthewallsurface;afteritdries,rubthebulgewithsandpaperandcleartheflydustaway.3)ApplyWallPuttyTimesofapplyingputtydependonevennessofwallsurface,generallyfor3times.Puttybelongstofinishedmaterial,whichrequiresnoartificialpreparation.Forthe1sttime,applyputtyalongthehorizontaldirectiontothefullbyscraperblade;applyonescraperbyanotherscraper,leavingnopeatatconnectingplace;everyminutewhenascraperends,itmustbeneatlydone.Whenitdries,rubthefloatedputtyandmarkingsawaywithsandpaperandcleanthewallsurface.Forthe2ndtime,applywithrubberscrapperalongtheverticaldirectiontothefull;allusedmaterialandmethodarethesamewiththe1sttime;whenitdries,rubwithsandpaperandclearaway.Forthe3rdtime,makeupputtywithscraperandmakewallsurfaceevenandsmooth;whenitdries,rubevenlyandsmoothlywithfinesandpaperincaseofskippingorwearingtheputtythrough.4）BrushEmulsionPaintfortheFirstTimeApplyinasequencefromtopboardtowallsurface,andfromuptodownforwallsurface.Firstcleanthewallsurfaceandsweepthedustawayfromwallsurfacewithapieceofcloth.Brushemulsionpaintwithwhitewashingbrush.Whenusingawhitewashingbrush,removethefloatedfurandunstablefur.Priortoapplication,emulsionpaintshouldbewellmixedandproperlydilutedbyaddingwaterincasethatit’stoostickytobebrushed.Afterdrying,puttyshouldbeappliedagainandthenrubsmoothlywithsandpaperwhenputtygoesdryagain.Dotheclearanceatlast.5）BrushEmulsionPaintfortheSecondTimeOperationrequirementsarethesamewiththe1sttime.Itshouldbewell mixed,ifnotverysticky,it’snotpropertoaddwaterforpreventionofpenetrationtotheunderlyinglayer.Whenpaintfilmdries,rubthesmalllumpsandbrushfurawayfromwallsurfacewithfinesandpapertobesmoothanddoclearance.6）BrushEmulsionPaintfortheThirdTimeMethodsofthisprocessarethesamewiththe2ndtime.Sincepaintfilmdriesquickly,operationshouldbetakencontinuouslyandrapidly.Brushfromoneendtoanotherandfromuptodown.Makesurethelatterbrushingiscloselyconnectedwiththeformeroneforpreventionofdryjoints.Painting6.6WaterProofing6.6.1CementiousWaterProofingAllvoidscreatedforinstallationofpipes,etcmustbefilledwithnonshrinkageconstructiongrout.Theproductisapplieddirectlyonstructuralconcrete.Thereforeanycementmortaretc,onthesurfacemustberemoved.Thesurfaceistheninspectedtoascertainifthereisforeignobjects/honeycombinginthesurface.Theseareaswillbehackedandpatchedpriortowaterproofingapplication.Forverticalbrick,itmustbeplasteredsemiroughwitha10mmthick plaster,toaheightof300mmfromthefinishedfloorlevel.Allplumbingmustbecompletedandpressuretestedpriortocommencementofthewaterproofing.Allvoidscreatedforinstallationofpipes,fittingsetcmustbefilledwith1:3cementmortar.Inareaswhereverticalsectionsmeethorizontalsectionsbrickwalljoints,a25mmX25mmfilletwillbeformedatthisintersectionpointinordertoeliminatethesharpedgecracking.Toanyverticalandhorizontalhomogenousconcreteedgesafiletwillnotbelaid.Thesurfaceisthenthoroughlycleaned.Oncethesurfacepreparationiscompleted,thesurfaceiswettedpriortoapplicationofthewaterproofing.Thisistopromotecapillaryactionofproductintosubstrate.Thefirstcoatwillbeappliedontheconcretesubstrate.Oncompletionofthefirstcoat,anintermediatecoatwillbeappliedalongwitha150mmwidthnettoallconstructionjoints,brickwallslabjoints.Oncompletionoftheintermediatelayerthefinalcoatwillbeapplied.Waterproofingapplicationwillbeextended50mmfromthewaterproofingfloortothepipeswhicharepenetratingtheconcreteslab.Forthepipeswhichareflushingtotheconcretesurface,thewaterproofingapplicationwillbeextended50mmintothepipes.Thetimedifferencebetweeneachcoatshouldbethepreviouscoattobetouchdryordrypriortothenextapplication.Leavetheapplicationtocureforaminimumof48hoursandthestructurewillbepondtestedforaminimumof48hours.OnCompletionofthepondtest,acementsandprotectionlayerwillbelaidoverthewaterproofinglayer.6.6.2DoorsandWindowsTherearevariousdoorsandwindowsintheproject.Theyshallbemanufacturedaspertherequirementsandproductsandsemi-productsshallbestoredseparately.Doorsandwindowsofdifferentkindsshallbecarefullycheckedbeforeinstallation.Theinstallationofthedoorsandwindowsforthisprojectshallbedonewiththemethodoffit-in.Thewindowframesareforbiddentobefixedbyfasteningbullets.Beforeinstallationfabricateconcreteblockssimilartothebricksandfixthemproperlywhenlayingthebricks.The steelplateembedintheblockisusedtoconnectthewindowframes.Theinstallationofthedoorframesistoconnectthewoodenblocksembedinthewalls.Theframesofthedoorandwindowworkisexecutedwiththewallwork.Soaftertheinstallationoftheframestheotherworkisstillgoingonatsite.Workershavetotakemeasurestoprotectthedoorandwindowframesalreadyfixedandnodamageswillhappentothesame.Thepartofthedoorandwindowframeswhichtouchthewallshallbeappliedwithanti-corrosivematerial.Thegapsbetweenthewindowframesandthewallshallbefilledwithvesicant.Theinnerandoutsidegapsaroundtheframeedgesshallbeappliedmasticgrease.Themembraneisfixedontheframesduringfixationanditwillberemovewheninstallingthewindowleaves.7.MECHANICALANDELECTRICALWORKS7.1PlumbingandWaterSupplyWork1)OverViewTheindoorandoutdoorplumbingworkprimarilyincludesdomesticwatersupply,sewage,wastewater,chilledwater,condensatewater,hydrantandfire-fightingspraying.ThedomesticwatersupplyandreturnadoptsPVCpipe,theseamlesssteelpipewithweldedconnectionisadoptedforover100mmchilledwater,theUPVCpipewillbeadoptedforbelow100mm,thegalvanizedsteelpipeisadoptedforcondensatewater,andhydrantpipeadoptsgalvanizedsteelpipe.Thepipeinsulationadoptsrubberandplasticspongeproduct.2)SanitaryWareInstallationa).Getthesamplesofsanitarywaresandsubmittotheclienttomakeapproval.b).Theinstallationofsanitarywaresshalladoptembeddedboltorexpansionbolt.c).Theinstallationofdraw-offvalveandfloordrainshallbestraight,evenandreliable,lowerthanthedrainagefaceandthereisnoleakageonthecircle. Thefloordrainwatersealheightcan"tbelessthan50mm.a).Thelinedbathtubshallbeprovidedwithanaccessdoortothebathtubdrainageoutlet.b).Thesupportandbracketofsanitarywaresmusthavefineanti-corrosionandreliableinstallation,andthesupportandbracketshallbecontactwiththesanitarywaretightlyandstably.7.2PowerSupplyWork1)GeneralflowofPowersupplyconstructionIntheelectricalconstructionprincipleofundergroundfirstandthenground;indoorfirstandthenoutdoor,embeddingfirstandtheninstallation,graduallydevelopvariousworkstobecompletedaccordingtoconstructionperiodandpositioncombiningthecivilworkconstructionschedule,andensureprojectiscompletedfinely.2)ReservedandembeddedstageUnderthepre-conditionofensuringconstructionscheduleandexcellentproject,performtheworksynchronouslywiththecivilworkandperformthereservedandembeddedworkwell.Thestaffofelectricaldisciplinemustperformtheembeddingworkwellaccordingtothecivilworkconstructionprogress.Whenthemainbodyofconstructionandsecondarywallisbuilt,hiddentubingwillbeperformedsynchronouslywiththecivilworkconstructionaccordingtothedesignrequirement.Enhanceinspectionanddon"tomit,whentheconcreteispoured,specialstaffshallbearrangedtowatch.Ifthefasteningsteelcasingisadopted,theearthwireweldingprocesscanbeomitted.Reservationofholeandtrench:whentheholeisreservedonthecast-in-placeconcretefloorslab,preparethewoodenboxinadvance,andfixthewoodenboxontheformworkreliablyaccordingtothespecificationandpositionspecifiedbythedrawingbeforesteelbarisbound.Duringtheconstruction,thestaffofelectricaldisciplinemustmakereservationatthe positionssuchascabletrench,bridgeframewirecasing,panelandboxembeddedtypemountingpositionaccordingtothedrawingcombiningthecivilworkconstructionprogress,enhanceinspectionanddon"tomit,whentheconcreteispoured,specialstaffshallbearrangedtowatch.1)ConduitlayingConstructionrequirement:thetubingbendingradiusshallnotbelessthan6timesofoutsidediameteroftubing.Ifthereisoneturn,thebendingradiusshallnotbelessthan4timesoftheoutsidediameteroftubing.Whenthebrickwall,concretewallandhollowbrickwallcooperatewiththewallingverticalpipe,thispipeshallbeplacedatthecenterofwall;ifthepipeorificeisupward,itshallbeplugged.2)Cabletraylayinga).ProcessflowSnaplineforpositioningHolereservationEmbedhangerrodandhangerInstallationofmetalexpansionboltEmbeddedironSteelstructureGroundwirecasingFixationofboltsupportandhangerFixationofweldingsupportandhangerCabletrayinstallationLiftcabletrayInstallationofprotectiveearthwireCableTrayLayingFlowChart a).Constructionrequirement:Thecabletraybendingradiusofcableisthe10timesofthecablewithmaximumouterdiameter.Theboltofcabletrayandwirecasingconnectingplateshallbefastened,thenutshallbeattheoutersideofcabletrayandwirecasing;theneutralmetalcaseshallbeintegratedreliablyandgroundedwelltoensurethetotalwireisafineelectricalcircuit.Ifthewirecasingislaidvertically,itshallbefixedeveryother3m.Whenthecabletraycrossesthefirewallandfire-prooffloorslab,thefirepreventionmeasuresshallbeadopted,topreventthefireburningalongtheline.SchematicDiagramofWirecasingCrossingFirewall1)WiringSelectwireInsertstrip-lineCleanpipeReleaselineandbrokenlineBindingofwireandstrip-lineProvideflareInsertwireWireconnectorConnectorbindingWireinspectionandmeasureinsulationviatrameggerFlowofInsertingWireinthePipeForthepipeadoptinghiddenlayingintheadvancedpouredconcrete,thepipeshallbecleanedwhentheformworkisdisassembled;forthebrickconcretestructurewall,thepipeshallbecleanedbeforeplastering,thecleanedpipeshallbeinsertedwithstrip-linetimely.Whenthelineisinserted,twoworkersshallcooperatemutually,andthewireshallbereservedwith properlengthforthenextoneprocess.Afterthelineisinserted,the1000Vtrameggershallbeusedtomeasuretheinsulationresistancevalueisn"tlessthan0.5MΩ,andmakerecord.1)Cablelayinga).ProcessFlowPreparationworkCableislaidalongthecabletraywirecasingHorizontallayingCableislaidalongthecabletrenchVerticallayingLabelplateCableLayingFlowb).ConstructionRequirementFirstly,checkwhetherthecablemodel,specificationconformtothedesignvalue.Measuretheinsulationwithtrameggerorperformwithstandvoltagetestbeforecablelaying,theinsulationresistancebetweenlinesandgroundingshallnotbelessthan10MΩ.Whenthecableislaidalongthebridgeframeortray,itshallbelaidwithsinglelayerandarrangedintidy,andthecablecan"tbecrossed,andtheturnshallbebasedontheallowablebendingradiusofpeakcross-sectioncable.Laythecablealongthebridgeframewirecasing,thesignboardshallbehungatbothends,turnandcross,andsignboardshallbeincreasedproperlyatthestraightsection.2)PanelandcabinetinstallationThecabinet(panel)shallbeinstalledonthefoundationsteelbarinturnaccordingtothelayoutofconstructiondrawing.Theunitcabinet(panel)onlyalignstheverticalityofcabinetfaceandside.Afterthedisplaycabinets(panel)areinposition,alignthecabinetsatbothends,andstretchalinetightatthepositionoftwothirdsofheightfrombottomofcabinet,andthenalignthecabinetsonebyone.Whenthebusisconnectedviabolt,placetheconnectingboltofbus horizontallyandinsertitfromdowntoup,inotherconditions,thenutwillbeplacedatthemaintenanceside,andscrewthreadwillprotrudethenutby2～3threadsaftertheboltisfastened.Thecurrentcircuitwireinthecabinetshalladoptthecopper-coreinsulatedwirewithvoltagenotlessthan1000V,andthesectionshallnotbelessthan2.5mm2.Othercircuitsectionshallnotbelessthan1.5mm2.Theunitcabinet(panel)onlyalignstheverticalityofcabinetfaceandside.Afterthedisplaycabinets(panel)areinposition,alignthecabinetsatbothends,andstretchalinetightatthepositionoftwothirdsofheightfrombottomofcabinet,ifthecabinetisn’tstandard,thecabinetfacewillbefinal.Afteralltheelectricappliancesofdistributionbox(panel)areinstalled,measuretheinsulationoflinevia500Vmegohmmeter.PElineshallbeinstalledreliably,andthewireisselectedasfollows:1)LightfixtureinstallationChecklightfixtureAssemblelightfixtureLightfixtureinsulationcheckLightfixtureinstallationConstructionSequenceConstructionrequirement:specificinstallationmodeandconnectionmodeshallbeperformedaccordingtotheproductdescription,rulesandspecification.Forthelightfixtureinthesuspendedceilingorthelightfixturewithweightover3Kilograms,thetopplatemustbeinstalledwithindependenthangerrodorembeddedpart,tobearthetotalweightoflightfixture,theceilingjoistcan"tbeartheloadoflightfixture.Iftheinstallationheightabovegroundoflightfixtureislowerthanorequalto2.5M,themetalshellmustbeconnectedwithprotectiongroundingwire.Switchsocketinstallation:specificinstallationmodeandconnectionmodeofswitchsocketshallbeperformedaccordingtotheproductdescription,rulesandspecification.Reserve15cmwirefromthebox,cutthewirecoreanddon"tdamagethewirecore,windthewireonthecorrespondingwiringterminalof switchandsocketaccordingtoclockwisedirection,andthenfastenthepressurehead,andpushtheswitchorsocketpanelintothebox(iftheboxdepthisbigmorethan2.5cm,thesleeveboxshallbeinstalled),alignthescrewholeofconnectionbox,fixreliablywithmachinebolt,whenit"sfixed,thepanelshallbealignedandflushwiththewallsurface.8.DRAINAGESYSTEM8.1GeneralPermanentdrainagesysteminthisprojectincludessurfacedrainageandundergrounddrainageaswellasslopedrainage,comprisingstructuralformssuchasbrickopenditches,smallprefabricatedditches,culverts,pipeculverts,boxculverts,coveredculverts,etc.Eachconstructionsectionisscheduledtobestartedaftertheearthworkbackfillingiscompleted;intheconstructionprocess,temporarydrainagefacilitieswillbebuilttodrainwater;andthepermanentdrainagefacilitieswillbeputintouseafterallworksarecompleted.8.2ConstructionProcessofPermanentDrainageSystemConstructionprocessofbrickopenditches:Surveyandsetting-out—>trenchexcavation—>cushionlayerconstruction—>brickmasonryofdrainageditch—>backfillingandcompacting—>siteclearanceConstructionprocessofculvertsConstructionpreparation—>surveyandsetting-out—>foundationtrenchexcavation—>foundationconstruction—>concretecuring(concreteplacing,pipeinstallationandculvertwalls)—>backfilling—>siteclearanceConstructionprocessofundergrounddrainageditchesSurveyandsetting-out—>trenchexcavation—>foundationtreatment—>cushionlayerconstruction—>pipeinstallationandconnection—>backfilling—>siteclearance 8.3ConstructionMethodofDrainageSystemSurfaceDrainageOpenDitch1)SurveyandSettingOutSurveyorsandrelatedpersonnelwillbearrangedtoconductsurveyandsettingouttomeasurethelocationandelevationofdrainageditches.2)TrenchExcavationi).Excavationshouldbecarriedoutbysectionsandbylayersfromtoptobottom.Thebottomwidthofexcavationshouldbedeterminebytrialexcavationofthetrench,theslopeofthetrapezoidalsectionwillconformtothedesignslope(1:1,1:2)andtheslopeofrectangularsectionwillbe1:0.5.Theslopewillalsobedeterminedaccordingtothepropertyoftheexcavatedsoil.Thewastesoilshouldbetimelyremovedtoreducetheoccupancyofconstructionsitethatmayinfluencetheconstruction.ii).Inordertoprotectthetrenchagainstrainwashing,temporarydrainageditchesshouldbesetonbothsidesoftheexcavatedtrenchduringtheconstructionperiodofpipelines.iii).Thebottomelevationoftrenchshouldbestrictlycontrolledtopreventover-excavation.Excavationwithmachinesshouldreserve20cmthicksoillayertobecorrectedtodesignelevationbymanualwork.iv).Thecompactnessofthefoundationtrenchshouldmeetthespecificationsandrelatedrequirements.Reservedbottomelevationofcompactedtrenchshouldbetakenintoaccount.v).Afterthetrenchisexcavatedandshapedup,theelevation,centerline,trenchslopeofthebottomoftrenchshouldbetestedandbetimelysubmittedtotheEngineersforapprovalpriortoexecutingthenextprocess.3)CushionLayerConstructioni).Thecushionlayershouldbelaidoncompactedfoundation;thecompactnessshouldmeettherequirementsstatedindesignandspecifications,andthefoundationsurfaceshouldbecleanandfreeofdebris. i).Thencushionlayershouldbecarriedoutonacceptedfoundation;thecushionlayerofthisprojectwillincludeconcretemortarcushionlayerandbrickpavingcushionlayer.4)DrainageDitchesi).Afterthecushionlayerconstructioniscomplete,theexcavationoftrenchwillbestarted,mainlyincludingbricklayingdrainageditchesandprefabricatedditches.Bricklayingdrainageditchesareoftrapezoidalsectionandrectangularstructure,andsmallprefabricatedditchesareU-shaped.ii).Thebrickswillbelaidbyplacingmortaratthetopfaceofthebrick,butfillingmortarintothebricksisstrictlyprohibited.Smallditchesmaybetransferredandinstalledwhenmeeting75%ofthedesignstrength.iii).Duringtheconstructionprocess,thecompactnessoffoundationmustmeetthespecifications,andthepartfailingtomeettherequirementsshouldbere-compacteduntilachievingthespecificationrequirements.iv).Temporarydrainagewillbecarriedoutduringtheconstructionperiodtopreventtherainwaterenteringintothepermanentdrainagestructures.5)BackfillingAndCompactionBackfillingonbothsidesofopenditcheswillbeexecutedbylayersandsymmetricallyonbothsidesofthetrench;theelevationdifferenceonbothsidescannotexceed60cm.Thecompactionofbackfillofthetrenchwilladoptmethodofmanualcompactionormechanicalcompaction.Thecompactionshouldalsobecarriedoutsymmetrically.6)SiteClearanceAfterthisworkiscompleted,theremainedsoilandotherdebrisonthesiteshouldberemovedtomaintainandrestoreacleanconstructionenvironment.7)Constructionsurvey&FoundationTrenchExcavationi).Surveyandsettingoutwillbebasedondesigndrawings.Axisandelevationofculvertswillbesetoutonsite.ii).Temporarydrainageditchesshouldbecompletedbeforeexcavatingthefoundationpit(1mawayfromthetopsurfaceofthefoundationpit)to preventsurfacewaterflowingintothepit,andgullysetontheborderofthefoundationpitisrequiredfordewatering.i).Slopeoffoundationpitis1:0.75,adjustedaccordingtoactualsituationofexcavation.ii).Duringtheexcavationoffoundationpit,thebottomelevationwillbecontrolledtoavoidover-excavation.Afterbeingexcavatedtotherequiredlevel,thefoundationwillbeinspectedtimelyforitisnotsuitableforlong-timeexposure,disturbanceorsoakinginwater.Ifaccepted,foundationworkswillbeconstructedpromptly.8)FoundationThecompactnessoffoundationofculvertsshouldmeettherequirements,andthosefailingtomeettherequirementsshouldberammedandcompactedbymanualwork.9)ReinforcementbarsUsedfortheFoundationi).Priortoprocessingandusing,thereinforcementbarswillbealignedandcleanedtomakethesurfacefreeofoilstain,patentleather,etcii).ReinforcementbarfixingonsiteTheironwireatintersectionmustbefirm,orwillbeweldedbyelectricweldingwhennecessary;ironwireforfixingshouldbebentinward,butnotreachingintotheprotectivelayer.iii).Thereinforcementbarjointwillbewelded;thejointposition,lengthandsectionshouldmeetthespecificationrequirements.iv).Frameworkofsteelreinforcementmusthavesufficientstiffnessandstabilitytopreventloosing,displacementanddeformationduringtheprocessoftransportation,liftingandconcreteplacing.Reinforcedbarwillbeadedifnecessary.10)ConcretePlacingi).Formworkinstallationwillbecarriedoutafterreinforcementbarfixingatthebottomofculvertiscompletedandaccepted.ii).Woodformworkwillbeused. i).Formworksizeshouldbecarefullyexaminedbeforeconcreteplacing.ii).Whenplacingtheconcrete,internalvibratorwillbeusedforcompaction.Duringtheprocessofconcreteplacing,thethicknessofeachlayerofconcretewillbenomorethan30cm.Thevibrationmethodisquickinsertingandslowpulling,notrelyingonorclosetotheformwork.Vibrationpointswillbeuniformandinordertopreventincompletevibration.Theconcreteplacingprocessshouldbecontinuous.11)ConstructionofWallsandRoofi).Theconstructionofculvertwalls,coverplatewillbestartedimmediatelyafterthecompletionoffoundation.ii).Innerformworkandformworkofcoverplateofculvertwillbesetupbasedonthesidelineofculvertwallwhichisdeterminedbysurveyandsettingout.iii).Reinforcementbarfixingwillbecarriedoutbeforetheinstallationofouterformwork.iv).Steelpipesupportswillbeusedininnerformworkandthesteelpipediameteris48mm.Thespacebetweensupportsis80cmalongaxialdirectionand60cminhorizontaldirection.Thepaceofcrossbarwillbenomorethan80cm.Toensurethewholenessofthesupport,diagonalbracingwillbesetupbyconnecting3~4piecesofuprightrodswith45~65°angletotheground.Allrodsshouldintersectandstretchouttheendswithalengthmorethan10cm,toavoidrodsliding.v).Aftertheinnerformworkiscompleted,inspectedandaccepted,reinforcementbarfixingwillbestarted(sameasabove).vi).ConcretePlacing(sameasabove-mentioned).12)Backfillingi).Backfillingwillbestartedwhentheconcretestrengthofculvertreaching75%thedesignstrength.Backfillingwillbecarriedoutsymmetricallyonbothsidesoftheculvert.Backfillmaterialshouldmeettherequirementsofspecifications. i).Thebackfillwillbefilledandcompactedbylayers,andbackfillingthicknessandcompactnessshouldmeettherequirementsofspecifications.ii).Heavycompactionshouldalsobesymmetricalonbothsides.13)PrefabricationofCoverPlatei).Strengthgradeofconcreteandtype,gradeandspecificationsofreinforcementbarshouldmeetthedesignrequirements.ii).Theprefabricationofcoverplateswillbeexecutedonalevel,solidandcleanarea,usingturn-overformsandhardconcreteforconcreteplacing.iii).Priortoconcreteplacing,theformworkwillbecleanedandcheckedwhethertheshapeandsizemeettherequirementsofdesignspecifications.iv).Checkthenumber,diameter,spacingofreinforcementbarsandthethicknessofprotectivelayer.v).Whenvibrating,thesurfacewillbeproperlyloadedandthetimeofvibratingwillalsobeappropriatelyincreased.Cornersshouldbevibratedandcompactedwell.vi).Eachprecastmembershouldbecompletedinone-timepouring,withoutinterruption,andtimelycoveredandwateredforcuring.14)Coverplatetransportationandstackingi).Whentransportingthecoverplates,theconcretestrengthshouldbenotlessthan75%ofthedesignstrength.ii).Stackingareashouldbelevel,solid,andfreeofwateriii).Itcannotbestackedtoohighsoastoavoidthelowercoverplatesoverloadingandtomaintainthestabilityofthecoverplates.15)CoverPlateInstallationi).Thecoverplatewillbeinstalledbycrane.ii).Cementmortarof2cmorsowillbefirstlybeddedatthesupportofcoverplatetopreventtiltingaftercoverplateisinstalled.Afterthecoverplateisinstalled,thegapbetweencoverplatesandthecoverplateendswillbetampedandsealedbycementmortar.16)Siteclearance Afterculvertconstructioniscompleted,theremainedsoilandotherdebrisonthesitewillbeclearedandremoved.1)UnderGroundDrainagea).Constructionpreparation:itisplannedtopurchasereinforcedconcretepipes,PVCpipes,HDPpipeslocally.b).Aftersurveyandsettingouttheexcavationwillbeexecutedbyexcavators,inslopeof1：0.5.Whenexcavatingto20cmfromthedesignlevel,manualexcavationwillbecarriedout.Meanwhile,a20cmwidedrainageditchwillbeexcavatedonbothsidesofthetrench;andgullywillbesetateachsectionoftrenchfordewateringbywaterpump.c).CushionlayerconstructionAftertrenchexcavationiscompleted,thecompactnessofsoilfoundationwillbeinspected.Onlyifitmeetsthestandardrequirements,thenextprocessofconstructioncanbecarriedout;ifnotmeetingtherequirements,timelytreatmentsarenecessarytobedone.Checkthepositionofthetrench,andthebottomelevationmustmeettherequirementsshownintheConstructiondrawings.d).InstallationofPipelinesCranewillbeusedtolaydrainagepipesoncushionlayersandchainblockwillalsobeusedtoadjustthepositionmanually.Aftereachsectionofpipeisinstalled,thepipepositionandelevationshouldbechecked,andifmeetingtherequirementsofdesignandspecification,thepipebodywillbefixedimmediately.e).BackfillingInthedurationoftrenchbackfilling,thesafetyofstructureshouldbeensuredandthepipelineshouldbekeptstable.Aswell,thepipelinejointsshouldbeprotectedwell.Beforefilling,thetrenchshouldbecleared,freeofwater,humicmatter andotherdebris.Backfillingshouldbecarriedoutsymmetricallyonbothsidesofthetrench.Itisrequiredtobebackfilledandcompactedbylayers.a).SiteclearanceAfterconstructioniscompleted,theremainedsoilandotherdebrisonthesiteshouldbeclearedandremoved.'