英语国家概况_习题集(含答案).doc 18页

'《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有习题【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。一、单选题1.Celtsweredifferentgroupsofancientpeoplewhocameoriginallyfrom________A.FranceB.DenmarkC.IrelandD.Germany2.WhoinvadedandconqueredBritainforthefirsttimein55BC?A.EmperorClaudiusB.JuliusCaesarC.KingAlfredD.KingEthelred3.WhoistheauthorofMurderintheCathedral?A.ChristopherMarloweB.T.S.EliotC.BenJohnsonD.ThomasBecket4.WhenOliverCromwelldiedin1658,andwassucceededbyhisson,______,theregimebeganimmediatelytocollapse.A.HenryB.HamiltonC.RichardD.Charles5.The18thcenturysawselectivebreedingofcattle,sheepandhousesby_________.A.JethroTullB.ThomasCokeC.GeorgeIIID.RobertBakewell6.WhichofthefollowingisnotoneofthemembersoftheLordsTemporal?A.allhereditarypeersandpeeressesoftheEngland,Scotland,GreatBritainandtheUnitedKingdom(butnotpeersofIreland)B.lirepeerscreatedtoassisttheHouseinitsjudicialdutiesC.seniorbishopsoftheChurchofEnglandD.allotherlifepeers7.TwoyearsaftertheendingoftheHundredYears’WarwithFrance,Englandwasthrownintoanotherseriesofcivilwars,________.A.theWaroftheCelts第18页共18页 B.NormanConquestC.theWaroftheRosesD.BattleofHastings8.AppealsincriminalcasesinEnglandandWalesmayNOTbeheardby_________.A.theMagistrates"CourtB.theCourtofAppealC.theHighCourtD.theCrownCourt9.EstablishedChurchesinBritainare___________.A.ChurchofEnglandandChurchesinWalesB.ChurchinWalesChurchofScotlandC.TheAnglicanChurchesD.ChurchofEnglandandChurchofScotland10.ApartfromabreakduringtheSecondWorldWar,theBBChasbeenprovidingregulartelevisionbroadcastssince___________.A.1935B.1936C.1937D.193811.ThelargestriverinIrelandis____________.A.theShannonRiverB.LiffeyRiverC.Macgillicuddy"sReekD.Carrantuohill12.ThefollowingfarmingactivitiesareengagedbyfarmersinthevalleysofNovaScotiaexcept__________.A.dairyingB.raisinganimalsC.applegrowingD.potatogrowing13.ThePacificnorthwestisfavoredwitha_______climatelikethatofBritain.A.MediterraneanB.maritimeC.continentalD.subtropical14.ThefirstblackswerebroughttoNorthAmericaas________in1619.A.adventurersB.slavesC.servantsD.explorers15.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasadoptedbythe___ContinentalCongressonJuly4,___.AFirst/1774B.First/1776C.Second/1774D.Second/177616.TheGreatDepressionwasinducedbyallthefollowingcausesbut________.A.stockmarketspeculationB.creditover-expansionC.governmentinvolvementD.lackofcontroloverthebankingsystem17.TheNormanConquestof_______isperhapsthebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.A.1063B.1064C.1065D.106618.______ranksthefirstintheproductionofapplesintheUS.A.WashingtonB.KansasC.MichiganD.Wisconsin19.TheheadsofthevariousexecutivedepartmentsformacouncilofadvisersgenerallyknownasthePresident"s__________.A.AdvisoryGroupB.ExecutiveOfficeC.SpecialCommissionD.Cabinet20.Themaster"sdegreecannormallybeearnedin______yearbystudentsholdingabachelor"s第18页共18页 degreeinthefieldofstudy.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four21.Thereare______politicaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four22.MagnaCartahadaltogether63clausesofwhichthemostimportantmatterscouldbeseeninthreeofthefollowingexcept_______.A.notaxshouldbemadewithouttheapprovaloftheGrandCouncil;B.noserfshouldbearrested,imprisonedordeprivedofhispropertyexceptbythelawofthelandC.LondonandothertownsshouldretaintheirancientrightsandprivilegesD.Thereshouldbethesameweightsandmeasuresthrough-outthecountry.23.ThefirststeamenginewasdevisedbyThomasNewcomerattheendofthe17thcentury,andtheScottishinventor________modifiedandimprovedthedesignin1765.A.AbrahamDarbyB.JamesWattC.JohnKayD.RichardArkwright24.Insomeareasfactoryfarmingmethodsareused,particularlyfor________.A.growingcropB.producingmilkC.catchingfishD.rearingpoultry25.Bytradition,theleaderofthemajoritypartyisappointed______bytheSovereignintheUnitedKingdom.A.PrimeMinisterB.MemberofParliamentC.LordofAppealD.SpeakeroftheHouse26.UndertheAnglo-IrishTreaty,Britainestablished_______withdominionstatusinIrelandin1921.A.theAnglicanChurchofIrelandB.theIrishFreeStateC.theIrishRepublicanArmyD.theAnglo-IrishIntergovernmentalCouncil27.Irishbroadcastingbeganin______inasmallstudiocalledDublinBroadcastingStation.A.1906B.1916C.1926D.193628._______realizedthathecouldwinsupportfortheUnionathomeandabroadbymakingthewarajustwaragainstslavery.A.FrederickDouglassB.GeorgeWashingtonC.JohnAdamsD.AbrahamLincoln29.Butevenaftertheabolitionofslavery,organizedorindividualdiscriminationwaspracticedagainst______.A.Chinese-AmericansB.AmericanIndiansC.Japanese-AmericansD.blackAmericans30.From1948to1966averageyearlygrowthinrealspendableearningswas______percentintheUnitedStates.A.1.1B.2.1C.3.1D.4.1第18页共18页 31.Afteraperiodofprosperity(1920~1929),governmentinvolvementintheeconomyincreased_________.A.duringtheGreatDepressionB.aftertheWWIC.aftertheWWIID.duringtheColdWar32.TheUnitedStatesgrowsnearly_____oftheworld"sgrainandsuppliesahalfofalltheexportsofgrainintheworld.A.onethirdB.onefourthC.onesixthD.oneseventh33.ThroughtheDepartmentof_____,thePresidentisresponsiblefortheprotectionofAmericansabroadandofforeignnationalsintheUnitedStates.A.StateB.JusticeC.LaborD.Defense34.Thecommunitycollegeembodies________beliefthataneducationshouldbepracticalaswellasliberal.A.GeorgeWashington"sB.ThomasJefferson"sC.AbrahamLincoln"sD.FranklinRoosevelt"s35.Theexploratoryvoyagemadeby______broughttoaclosetoaneraofEuropeandiscoveryofAustraliathathadlastednearlytwohundredyears.A.ArthurPhilipB.MathewFlindersC.PortJacksonD.PeterLalor36.AftertheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWar,AustraliafollowedBritain"sleadanddeclaredwaron________.A.JapanB.TurkeyC.ItalyD.Germany37.TheEuropeandiscoveryofCanadacanbetracedbacktotheendofthe______century.A.14thB.15thC.16thD.17th38.Northernprovincesandterritoriestaleup_____ofCanada.A.halfB.twothirdsC.onethirdD.fourfifths39.InNewZealand,hydroelectricityfromriversanddamssupplies________oftotalenergy.A.15%B.16%C.17%D.18%40.IntheUnitedStates,Halloweenisnight-time______holiday.A.children"sB.men"sC.women"sD.oldmen"s41.Soonafter_____,Britainnotonlygaveupitseconomichegemonybutalsosufferedadeeplossofitspositionofindustrialleadership. A.1900                                                        B.theFirstWorldWar C.theSecondWorldWar                             D.196042.Inthe1970samongthedevelopedcountries,Britainmaintainedthelowest_____rateandthehighest_____rate.A.inflation,growth                                      B.growth,inflationC.growth,divorce                                        D.growth,birth43.ThefollowingareallreasonsofBritishdeclineofcoalindustryexcept_____.A.theexhaustionofoldmines                    B.costlyextractionC.littlemoneybeinginvested                     D.thelabourshortage第18页共18页 44.Britain’sforeigntradeismainlywith_____.A.developingcountries                            B.otherCommonwealthcountriesC.otherdevelopedcountries                  D.EC45.TheHouseofLordsispresidedoverby_____.A.theLordChancellor                               B.theQueenC.theArchbishopofCanterbury             D.thePrimeMinister46.AGeneralElectionisheldevery__yearsandthereare___membersofParliamentsareelected. A.five,600          B.five,650C.five,651     D.four,65147.ThePrimeMinisterisappointedby_____andheorshealwayssitsin_____.A. theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofCommonsB. theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofLordsC.theQueen,theHouseofCommonsD.theQueen,theHouseofLords48.Theultimateauthorityforlaw-makingresidesin_____.A.theQueen                                                  B.theCabinetC.theHouseofLords                                   D.theHouseofCommons49.ThesourcesofBritishlawinclude_____.A. statutes,commonlaw,equitylawandEuropeanCommunitylawB.  statutes,commonlawandequitylawC.  statutes,commonlawandEuropeanCommunitylawD.  acompletecodeandstatutes50.Incriminaltrialsbyjury,_____passessentencedand_____decidetheissueofguiltorinnocence.A. thejudge,thejury                                     B.thejudge,thejudgeC.thejury,thejury                                         D.theLordChancellor,thejury51.____triesthemostseriousoffencessuchasmurderandrobbery.A.Magistrates’courts                                    B.YouthcourtsC.districtcourts                                              D.TheCrownCourt52.London’sMetropolitanPoliceForceisunderthecontrolof_____.A.theEnglandsecretaries                              B.theScottishSecretariesC.NorthernIrelandSecretaries                      D.theHomeSecretary53.TheNationalHealthServicewasestablishedintheUKin_____andbasedatfirston_____.A.1948,ActsofParliament                          B.1958,ActsofParliamentC.1948,theBillofRights                            D.1958,theBillofRights54.Thenon-contributorysocialsecuritybenefitsincludethefollowingexcept_____.A.warpension                                                B.childbenefitC.familycredit                                               D.unemploymentbenefit第18页共18页 55.Exceptthat_____maynotbeaRomanCatholic,publicofficesareopenwithoutdistinctiontomembersofallchurchesorofnone.A.thelordChancellor                              B.thePrimeMinisterC.theSpeaker                                        D.theministersofalldepartments56.About90percentofthestatesecondaryschoolpopulationintheUKattend_____.A.independentschools                                  B.juniorschoolsC.independentschools                                 D.primaryschools57.Therearesome____universities,includingtheOpenUniversityinU.k..A.900               B.290  C.90     D.5058.InBritain,childrenfromtheageof5to16can_____bylaw.A.   receivecompletelyfreeeducationB.  receiveparlyfreeeducationC.   receivenofreeeducationiftheirfamiliesarerichD.   receivenofreeeducationatall59.Withregardtoitssize,theUSAisthe_____countryintheworld.A.largest       B.secondlargest  C.thirdlargest                        D.fourthlargest60.Inthefollowingrivers,_____hasbeencalledtheAmericanRuhr.A.theMississippi                                         B.theMissouriC.theHudson                                               D.theOhio61.Amongthefollowingrivers,_____formsanaturalboundarybetweenMexicoandtheU.S.A.thePotomac                                                B.theColumbiaC.theRioGrandeRiver                                 D.theColorado62.AllthefollowinguniversitiesandcollegesarelocatedinNewEngland,except_____.A.Yale                                    B.HarvardC.Oxford                                D.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology63.Thenation’scapitalcityWashingtonD.C.andNewYorkarelocatedin_____.A.theAmericanWest                                      B.theGreatPlainsC.theMidwest                                                 D.theMiddleAtlanticStates64.TheMidwestinAmerica’smostimportant_____area.A.agricultural                                                   B.industrialC.manufacturing                                               D.miningindustry65.InthecaseofBrownversusBoardofEducation,theSupremeCourtruledthat_____.A.   separateeducationalfacilitieshadbeenillegalB.    educationalfacilitieshadbeenseparatebutequalC.   educationalfacilitieshadbeenequalD.   separateeducationalfacilitieswereinherentlyunequal66.TheChineseExclusionActwaspassedin_____.  A.1882                 B.1883C.1900                   D.192467.ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefrom____and____.第18页共18页 A.Ireland/France    B.England/ChinaC.Scotland/England     D.England/Netherlands68.UncleTom’sCabinandRootsaretwonovelswhichgiveavividdescriptionofthemiserablelifeofthe_____.A.earlysettlers  B.PuritansC.nativeIndians             D.blackslaves69.AccordingtoAmericanhistoriansandspecialistsindemography,thereare_____greatpopulationmovementinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.A.two                      B.threeC.four                       D.five70.ManyearlyChineseimmigrantsworkedintheminingindustry,especiallyinthe_____.A.goldmines      B.silvermines  C.coalmines                 D.coppermines71.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedby_____.A.JamesMadison                                       B.ThomasJeffersonC.AlexanderHamilton                                D.GeorgeWashington72.OnJuly4,1776,_____adoptedtheDeclarationofIndependence.A. theFirstContinentalCongressB. theSecondContinentalCongressC. theThirdContinentalCongressD. theConstitutionalConvention73.Thevictoryof_____wastheturningpointoftheWarofIndependence.A.Saratoga       B.Gettysburg  C.Trenton                   D.Yorktown74.TenamendmentsintroducedbyJamesMadisonin1789wereaddedtotheConstitution.Theyareknowsas_____.A.theArticlesofConfederation                         B.theBillofRightC.theCivilRights                                              D.FederalistPapers75.PresidentJeffersonbought_____fromFranceanddoubledthecountry’sterritory.A.NewMexico                                                  B.theLouisianaTerritoryC.Kansas                                                          D.Ohio76.TheDeclarationofIndependencecamefromthetheoryofBritishphilosopher_____.A.PaulRevere                                                    B.JohnLockeC.Cornwallis                                                      D.FrederickDouglass77.DuringtheWWII,theAxispowersweremainlymadeupby__.A.Germany,FranceandJapan                            B.France,JapanandBritainC.Germany,ItalyandBritain                              D.German,ItalyandJapan78.TheProgressiveMovementisamovementdemandinggovernmentregulationofthe_____and_____conditions.A.economy/political                                            B.social/politicalC.economy/social                                              D.political/cultural79.AsaresultofWWI,_____wasnotoneofthedefeatednations.A.Germany                                                        B.Austro-HungaryC.Ottoman                                                        D.Russia80.TheaimofPresidentRoosevelt’sNewDealwasto“saveAmerican_____.”A.economy               B.politics  C.society               D.democracy第18页共18页 81.ThehighestmountaininBritainis____.A.Scafell                   B.BenNevisC.theCotswolds            D.theForth82.ThelongestriverinBritainis_____.A.theClyde               B.theMerseyC.theSevern                     D.theThames83.ThelargestlakeinBritainis_____.A.theLoughNeage   B.WindermereWaterC.ConistonWater            D.theLakeDistrict84.WhichpartofBritainisalwaysfighting?A.England                 B.ScotlandC.Wales                          D.NorthemIreland85.TheimmigrantscomingtoBritainaremainlyfrom_____.A.Europe                                    B.theUnitedStatesC.Africa                                      D.theWestIndies,IndiesandPakistan86.ThefirstinhabitantsinBritainwere_____.A.theNormans        B.theCeltsC.theIberians             D.theAnglo-Saxons87.BritishRecordedhistorybeganwith_____.A.Romaninvasion                                              B.theNormanConquestC.theVikingandDanishinvasion                      D.theAnglo-Saxonsinvasion88.In829,_____actuallybecametheoverlordofalltheEnglish.A.John                     B.JamesI           C.Egbert                     D.HenryI89.ChristmasDay____,DukeWilliamwascrownedinWestminsterAbbey.A.1056                     B.1066C.1006         D.106090.HenryIIwasthefirstkingofthe_____dynasty.A.Windsor            B.TudorC.Malcolm               D.Plantagenet91.In1265____summonedtheGreatCouncil,whichhasbeenseenastheearliestparliament.A.HenryIII           B.thePope  C.Barons             D.SimondeMontfort92.TheHundredYears’warstatedin____andwasendedin____,inwhichtheEnglishhadlostalltheterritoriesofFranceexcepttheFrenchportof____.A.1337,1453,Flanders                                  B.1337,1453,CalaisC.1346,1453,Argencourt                              D.1346,1453,Brest93.TheWarsofRoseslastedfor_____yearsandking_____wasreplacedbyking_____.A.30,RichardIII,HenryTudor                        B.50,RichardIII,HenryTudorC.30,RichardI,HenryTudor                          D.50,RichardI,HenryTudor94.TheRenaissancebeganin____intheearly____century.A.England,14            B.England,15C.Italy,14                D.Italy,1595.TheEnglishCivilWarisalsocalled_____.A.theGloriousRevolution                                B.theBloodyRevolutionC.theCatholicRevolution                                D.thePuritanRevolution96.In_____,asmallgroupofPuritanssailedfrom_____intheMayflowertobethefirstsettlersintheNewLand.A.1620,London        B.1620,Plymouth  C.1720,London            D.1720,Plymouth第18页共18页 97.Inthe18thcentury,thereappeared____inEngland,whichowedagreatdealtotheinventionofmachines.A.theIndustrialRevolution                              B.theBourgeoisRevolutionC.theWarsoftheRoses                                  D.theReligiousReformation98.Englishcolonialexpansionbeganwiththecolonizationof_____in1583.A.Canada                  B.AustraliaC.India                           D.Newfoundland99._____wasfamousforhisabdicationbecauseofhismarriagewithadivorcedAmerican:A.EdwardVIII          B.EdwardVII  C.GeorgeVI                  D.GeorgeVII100.InJanuary_____BritainbecameamemberoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunity.A.1957                      B.1967  C.1973                   D.1979二、名词解释题101.theChurchofEngland102.theLaborParty103.theHundredYears’War104.publicschool105.WilliamtheConqueror106.WhigsandTories107.theGreatCharter108.OliverCromwell109.Puritans110.RomanInvasion111.separationofpowers112.theSecondContinentalCongress113.NewEngland114.theConfederateStatesofAmerica115.WASPs116.comprehensivehighschool117.the“SecondAmericanWarofIndependence”118.LouisianaPurchase119.theNationalSecurityCouncil120.theMississippiRiver三、填空题2121.BritainisseparatedfromtheEuropeancontinentby_____,NorthSeaand_____.第18页共18页 122.ThechiefrangesinEnglandarethe_____,andthe______.123.SomeofthelargefishingportsinBritainare____,Grimsbyand____.124.ParliamentisthesupremelegislativeauthorityinBritainandconsistsoftheHouseof___,andtheHouseof____.125.TheearlysettlersontheBritishIsleswerethe___and____.126.In1381,thepeasantsin___rebelled.Theyweredeterminedtoabolish___.127.TheAmericanIndustrialRevolutionbeganintheyearof___withits___industry.128.Americaneducationismainlyclassifiedinto_____,____andhigher.129.TheEnlightenmentinAmericaprovidedthecolonistswitha___and___weaponagainsttheBritishrule.130.PresidentNixonvisitedChinainFeb,19____.Intheyearof___theUSestablisheddiplomaticrelationswithChina.131.ThepresentsovereignofBritainis______,andPrince____istheheirtothethrone.132.TheCabinetiscomposedofthemost____ministerswhomeetregularlyunderthe___ofthePrimeMinister.133.Fromthemiddleofthe5thcenturythreeTeutonicgroups,Anglos,Saxonsand____begantomigratefromtheregionof____.134.The15thand16thcenturiesweremarkedbythe___offeudalismandthe___ofcapitalisminEnglishhistory.135.TheBritishEmpirebeganwiththefoundingof___in1583,andfellafterthe___WorldWar.136.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesfollowstwoprinciples:the__systemandthe__ofpowers.137.InlegislationthePresidentofU.S.hasa___poweroverbillspassedby___.138.Bythemid-19thcentury,theterritoryoftheUShadreachedover___millionsquarekilometers,about___timesthesizeofthetotalareaoftheoriginalthirteenstates.139.TheConservativePartydevelopedoutofthe___Party,whiletheLiberalpartydevelopedoutofthe____.140.TheancestorsoftheEnglish______,whiletheScots,WelshandIrishthe______.141.TheCentralLowlandsofScotlandincludethevalleysofthe_____,_____andForthrivers.142.TheBritishdidnotadoptrationalreformssuchas____systemuntil1975,andthe____systemuntil1971.143.TheHundredYear’sWarwasawaragainst___fortheFrenchcrownandfortheindustrialcityof___.144.Geographicallyspeaking,thenorthandwestofBritainare_______,whiletheeastandsouth-eastaremostly______.145.TheEnglishBourgeoisRevolutionexertedgreatinfluenceon___andthe____revolutionsinthe18thcentury.第18页共18页 146.TheSouth"slendingindustriesarethosethatmakeuseofthe_______supplyofnaturalresourcesand_____materials.147.Congressconsistsofthe____andtheHouseof_____.148.Intermsoftheirpoliticaladministration,thethirteenBritishcoloniescanbedividedintothreetypes:the____colonies,thecentralcoloniesandthe____colonies.149.Thethreekindsoflocalgovernmentsunderastategovernmentare____governments,city,town,or____governmentsandlocalgovernmentsofdistrictssetupforspecialpurposes.150.TheSenateservesatermof_____years,andeverytwoyears,_______oftheSenatorsstandsforre-election.151.ThefarmlandintheeasternhalfofBritainisusedforraising___.Itschiefagriculturalproductsarewheat,_____,oatsandpotatoes.152.Theso-called“GloriousRevolution”wasactuallyabloodless___bythebourgeoisieintheyearof___.153.The___conflictbetweenthebourgeoisieandtheMonarchyandthepersecutionof___constitutedtwoofthemajorcausesofthebourgeoisrevolution.154.TheIndustrialRevolutionwasarevolutioninboththe___ofproductionandtherelationsofproduction.Itbeganinthe___industryinthe1760sandlasteduntil1830.155.TheOpenUniversityissocalledbecauseitis___topeopleof___ages.156.Inthe____centuryalargenumberofChinesewereshippedtoAmericaas“____”157.TheearliestinhabitantsinAmericawere___,whohadcomeoverfromAsiabycrossingthelandbridgeacrossthepresent___Strait.158.TheFrenchandIndianWarwasfoughtbetweenthe___andtheFrench,whowerecontendingforthe___Valley.159.InFebruary1861,sixoftheslavestatesthathadsecededfromtheUnionformedthe____andelected___astheirpresident.160.SecondaryeducationintheUStakesplaceinavarietyofjuniorandseniorhighschools,whichcanbedistinguishedasvocationalhighschool,___and____.161.___whogetsthemajorityofthe___votesiselectedPresidentoftheUS.162.ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorldintheyearof___.HecalledthenativeIndiansbecausehebelievedtheislandstowhichhehadcomewereoffthecoastof___.163.OxfordandCambridgeweretheonlyuniversitiesin___untilthe___century.164.In_____,theEnglishCivilWarbrokeout.TheCavalierssupportedtheking,whiletheRoundheadssupported_______.165.ThehighestpointinWalesis____inthe____MountainRange.166.Attheprimarystageofthegeneralelection,thevoterselect___tothenational___ofthetwopartiesineachstate.167.InthefirsttwodecadesafterWorldWarIItheUSgovernmentadoptedapolicyofColdWarand___initsrelationshipwiththeSovietUnion.Thispolicywaslaterreplacedbythepolicyof___forworldhegemony.第18页共18页 168.Accordingtotheiryearofstudy,undergraduatestudentsarecalledfreshman,____,juniorand____respectively.169.AftertheCivilWar,OliverCromwelldeclaredEnglanda______,later,hebecame_________.170.Canada"searlyeconomicdevelopmentwasfoundedonanumberofresource-based______:fishing,forestry,_______andmining.四、简答题（略）……答案一、单选题1.D2.B3.B4.C5.D6.C7.C8.A9.D10.B11.A12.D13.B14.B15.D16.C17.D18.D19.D第18页共18页 20.A21.C22.B23.B24.D25.A26.B27.C28.D29.D30.B31.A32.B33.A34.B35.B36.D37.B38.D39.C40.A41.C42.B43.D44.C45.A46.C47.C48.D49.A50.A51.D52.D53.A54.D55.A56.D57.C58.A第18页共18页 59.D60.D61.C62.C63.D64.A65.D66.A67.D68.D69.C70.A 71.B72.B73.A74.B75.B76.B77.D78.C79.D80.D81.B82.C83.A84.D85.D86.C87.A88.C89.B90.D91.D92.B93.A94.C95.D96.B97.A第18页共18页 98.D99.A100.C二、名词解释题101.TheChurchofEnglandhasacontinuoushistorygoingbackbeforetheReformationtotheearliestdaysofEnglishChristianity.HenryVIIIdeclaredhimselfheadoftheEnglishChurchin1534.LatertheinfluenceoftheReformationledtheEnglishChurchtogoitsownwayinformsofworshipandindoctrine.WithElizabethItheChurchofEnglandwasestablishedonamoderateProtestantbasis.102.TheLaborPartywasfoundedin1900byaunionbetweentheTradeUnion,theIndependentLaborPartyandtheFabianSociety.ItbecamethemainoppositionpartyaftertheFirstWorldWarandwonamajorityintheHouseofCommonsin1945.Itpracticessocialdemocracyorbourgeoisreformism.103.Inthe13thcentury,theEnglishpossessionsontheEuropeanContinentweregreatlyreduced.Forthemorepoliticalandeconomicpower,KingEdwardstartedawaragainstFrenchin1337fortheFrenchcrown.Thiswarlastedforoveronehundredyears.Bythetimethewarwasended,theEnglishhadlostalltheterritoriestheyhadgainedduringthewar,excepttheFrenchportofCalais.104.PublicschoolisakindofindependentschoolsinBritain.Theyareprivatelyrunandusuallyfee-paying.Publicschoolsareknownfortheirgoodfacilitiesandprestige.105.WilliamwasDukeofNormandy.HelandedhisarmyinOct,1066anddefeatedkingHarold.ThenhewascrownedkingofEnglandonChristmasDaythesameyear.HeestablishedastrongNormangovernmentandthefeudalsysteminEngland.106.ItreferredtothetwopartynameswhichoriginatedwiththeGloriousRevolutionof1688.TheWhigswerethosewhoopposedabsolutemonarchyandsupportedtherighttoreligiousfreedomforNonconformists.TheTorieswerethosewhosupportedhereditarymonarchyandwerereluctanttoremovekings.TheWhigsformedacoalitionwithdissidentToriesandbecametheLiberalParty.TheToriesweretheforerunnersoftheConservativeParty.107.KingJohn’sreigncausedmuchdiscontentamongthebarons.In1215,hewasforcedtosignadocument,knownasMangnaCara,ortheGreatCharter.Ithas63clauses.ThoughithaslongbeenregardedasthefoundationofEnglishliberties,itsspiritwasthelimitationoftheking’spowers,keepingthemwithintheboundsofthefeudallawoftheland.108.TheleaderduringtheCivilWarwholedtheNewModelArmytodefeatthekingandcondemnedhimtodeath.ThenhedeclaredEnglandaCommonwealthandmadehimselfLordofProtector.HeruledEnglandtilltherestorationofCharlesIIin1660.109.AftertheestablishmentoftheChurchofEnglandinEngland,thepeoplewhobelievein第18页共18页 theChurchofEnglandarecalledPuritans,whothinktheyarethedevotedworshipersofdivineGod,andtheyarepurified.110.In55and54B.C.BritainwastwiceinvadedbyRomantroopsunderJuliusCaesar,butitwasconqueredbytheRomanin43A.D.BritainthenbecameaRomanprovinceandsoitremaineduntilthebeginningofthe5thcentury.111.Thereisadivisionofpowersamongthethreebranchesofthefederalgovernment:thelegislativebranch,theexecutivebranchandthejudicialbranch.Theyaresupposedtobeindependentofeachotherbuteachcheckstheothertwosothatnoonecangetallthepower.112.AftertheconflictsatLexington,theSecondContinentalCongresswascalledinMay1775.RepresentativesfromallthethirteencoloniesmetinPhiladelphiatodiscussthesituation.Oneofthefirstdecisionsitmadewastoestablisharegulararmy,withGeorgeWashingtonascommander-in-chief.OnJuly4,1776,theSecondContinentalCongressadoptedtheDeclarationofIndependence.113.NewEnglandregionincludeMassachusetts,NewHampshire,ConnecticutandRhodeIsland.Itbecameacenterforlumbering,shippingandfishing.Fromthemiddleofthe17thcenturyonward,itgrewprosperousandBostonbecameoneofAmerica’sgreatestports.114.Elevendaysaftertheelectionof1860,SouthCarolinasecededfromtheUnion,andtenotherslavestatesfollowedsuit.InFebruary1861,sixoftheslavestatesthathadsecededfromtheUnionformedtheConfederateStatesofAmericaandelectedJeffersonDavisPresidentsoftheConfederacy.115.WASPsrefertothefirstcolonialpeople,whowereWhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestantsfromEngland,NorthernandWesternEurope.TheycametotheNewfoundlandforafreerreligiousandlivingenvironment.116.ThemajorityofAmericanhighschoolsarecalledcomprehensivehighschoolsbecausetheyoffersecondaryeducationforalmostallhighschoolagechildrenandareresponsibleforprovidinggoodandappropriateeducation,bothacademicandvocational,forallyoungpeople.117.ItwasawarfoughtbetweentheUnitedStatesandEnglandfrom1812to1814,inwhichtheEnglishtookoverthecapitalcityWashingtonandburneddownmanyofitspublicbuildings,includingtheWhiteHouse.118.In1803,PresidentJefferson,bytakingadvantageofthewarinEurope,madeNapoleonIagreetosellLouisianaTerritoryfor$15million.Thiswasavastregionofmorethan2.6millionsquarekilometers.TheLouisianaPurchasedoubledtheterritoryofthenewnation.119.TheNationalSecurityCouncilwassetupin1947toadvisethePresidentonallmatterrelatedtonationalsecurity.Itdoesnotmakedecisions;itmakessuggestionstothePresident.120.TheMississippiRiverisoneoftheworld’sgreatrivers;itwasknowntoAmericanIndiansasthe“fatherofwaters.”Waterfromthesourceofitsmainbranch,theMissouriRiver,flowsabut6,400kilometersfromthenorthernRockyMountains,tothemouthoftheMississippiintheGulfofMexico.第18页共18页 三、填空题2121.EnglishChannel,StraitofDover122.thePennines,theCumbrian123.Hull,Aberdeen124.Lords,Commons125.Iberians,Celts126.Essex,serfdom127.1807,textile128.elementary,secondary129.theoretical,philosophical130.1972,1973131.QueenElizabethII,Charles132.important,leadership133.Jutes,DemarkandLowCountries134.decline,rise135.Newfoundland,Second136.federal,separation137.veto,Congress138.nine,ten139.Tory,Whig140.Anglo-Saxons,Celts141.theClyde,Tay142.metric,money143.France,Flanders144.highlands,lowlands145.French,American146.abundant,raw147.Senate,Representatives148.NewEngland,Southern149.county,village150.one,onethird151.crops,barley152.revolution,1688153.economic,Puritans154.method,textile155.open,all156.19th,Coolies157.AmericanIndians,Bering第18页共18页 158.English,Ohio159.ConfederateStatesofAmerica,JeffersonDavis160.academichighschool,comprehensivehighschool161.ThePresidentialcandidate,electoral162.1492,India163.England,19th164.1642,theParliament165.Snowdon,Cambrian166.electors,conventions167.Containment,contention168.sophomore,senior169.Commonwealth,LordProtector170.Industry,agriculture四、简答题（略）……第18页共18页'