大学英语六级试卷和答案-《大学英语(高起本)3》练习题.doc 58页

'《大学英语（高起本）3》练习题第一部分PartI.ReadingComprehensionDirections:Therearesomepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestions.ForeachquestiontherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PARTONEPassage1MostofthebigtownsinEasternEuropehaveseenalargeincreaseinpopulationoverthelast30years.Thishascausedextremehousingshortages,andthevastmajorityofpeoplelivingintownsrentflats.Bywesternstandards,theflatsarerathersmall,withafamilyoffourlivingintwo-orthree-roomflatwithkitchenorbathroom.ButcomparedwithWesternEurope,therentsareextremelylow.AnEasternEuropeanspendsonaverageabout5percentofhisincomeonrentandabout15percentontotalhousingcosts,includingfuelandfurniture.InWesternEurope,theaverageworkerspendsatleast20percentofhisincomeonrentandheatingcost.Ontheotherhand,theEasternEuropeanspendsahigherpercentageofhisincomeonfood.Whereasbasicitemssuchasbreadareverycheap,otherthingslikemeatandcoffeeareextremelyexpensive.CaringforpeopleisoneareawherethestatesofEasternEuropearefarinadvanceofotherpartsoftheworld.Mostmedicalandsocialservicesareprovidedfree,andinsomecountriesworkersdonotevenhavetomakecontributionstothehealthandinsurancefunds,sincethesecontributionsaremadebytheemployer.ThefactoryinEasternEuropeprovidesmanyfacilitiesandserviceswhicharenotsuppliedinWesternEurope.Moreover,EasternEuropedoesnotsufferfromoneofthemajorproblemsofWesternEurope’seconomy—unemployment.Alltheconstitutionsoftheindividualcountriesstatethateverycitizenhasarightanddutytowork.1.TheserioushousingshortageinbigtownsofEasternEuropehavebeencausedmainlyby________.A.smallflatsB.extremelylowrentsB.anincreaseinpopulationD.two-orthree-roomflatswithkitchenorbathroom2.Accordingtothepassage,therentsinWesternEurope____.A.areratherhighB.areextremelylowC.arealmostthesameasthoseinEasternEuropeD.arecomparativelylower.3.TheaverageworkerinEasternEuropespends_______.A.amuchhigherpercentageofhisincomeontotalhousingcosts A.20percentofhisincomeonrentandtotalhousingcosts.B.alargepartofhisincomeonfood.C.onlyasmallpartofhisincomeonmeatandcoffee.4.TheworkerinsomeEasternEuropeanstatesenjoybettermedicalandsocialservicesbecause_____.A.theydon’thavetopayverymuchforhealthandinsurancefunds.B.itistheiremployerswhopayfortheirhealthandinsurancefunds.C.theyneedtopayonlyalittleforhealthandinsurancefunds.D.theyareprovidedwithmanyfacilitiesandservices.5.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.EasternEuropeisfreefromunemployment.B.AlltheconstitutionsofEasternEuropestatethatallcitizenshavearightandadutytowork.C.UnemploymentisoneofthemajorproblemsinWesternEurope.D.WesternEuropedoesnotsufferfromoneoftheseriousproblemsofEasternEurope’seconomy.Passage2Psychologistsnowbelievethatnoisehasaconsiderableeffectonpeople’sattitudesandbehavior.Experimentshaveprovedthatinnoisysituations(eventemporaryones),peoplebehavemoreirritablyandlesscooperatively;inmorepermanentnoisysituations,manypeoplecannotworkhard,andtheysufferfromsevereanxietyaswellasotherpsychologicalproblems.However,psychologistsdistinguishbetween“sound”and“noise”.“Sound”ismeasuredphysicallyindecibels.“Noise”cannotbemeasuredinthesamewaybecauseitreferstothepsychologicaleffectofsoundanditslevelof“intensity”dependsonthesituation.Thus,forpassengersatanairportwhoexpecttohearaeroplanestakingoffandlanding,theremaybealotofsound,butnotmuchnoise(thatis,theyarenotbotheredbythenoise).Bycontrast,ifyouareataconcertandtwopeoplebehindyouarewhispering,youfeeltheyaretalkingnoisilyevenifthereisnotmuchsound.Younoticethenoisebecauseitaffectsyoupsychologically.Bothsoundandnoisecanhavenegativeeffects,butwhatismostimportantisifthepersonhascontroloverthesound.Peoplewalkingdownthestreetwithearphones,listeningtomusicthattheyenjoy,arereceivingalotofdecibelsofsound,buttheyareprobablyhappyhearingsoundswhichtheycontrol.Ontheotherhand,peopleinthestreetwithoutearphonesmusttoleratealotofnoisewhichtheyhavenocontrolover.Itisnoisepollutionthatweneedtocontrolinordertohelppeoplelivemorehappily.6.Accordingtotheselection,people_______.A.cannotworkbetterinanoisysituationB.willsufferfromcompletedeafnessbecauseofnoisepollution.C.canbepsychologicallyaffectedbyworkinginverynoisyfactories.D.maycooperatewellinanoisysurrounding.7.“Sound”,asdefinedbypsychologists,______. A.canbemeasuredinthesamewaythat“noise”ismeasuredB.maybeextremelyharmfultohealthC.isnotatalldifferentfrom“noise’.D.canbemeasuredbymachines.8.Peoplewaitingatanairport______.A.enjoyhearingaeroplanestakingoffandlanding.B.areusuallynottroubledbythenoise.C.caneasilytellsoundfromnoiseD.areoftenphysicallyaffectedbythenoise.9.Peopleenjoylisteningtomusic_______.A.though,infact,theyarereceivingalotofdecibelsofsound.B.becauseitdoesnothaveanynegativeeffect.C.becausetheydonothavetotoleratethenoisearoundthem.D.eventhoughitissometimesunpleasanthearingstrangesounds.10.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethatweneedtocontrolnoisepollutionif_____.A.wewanttostaybothpsychologicallyandphysicallyhealthy.B.wedon’twanttobephysicallydeaf.C.wewanttocooperatewell.D.wedon’twanttobeanxious.Passage3EversinceWilliamHarveydefinedananimal’sheartas“thesovereignofeverythingwithinthem,thesumoftheirmicrocosm,”inDeMotuCordisin1628,thehearthasbeenoneofthemostwidelystudiedorgansofthebody¾andfortunatelyso,giventhatheartdiseaseistheworld’sleadingcauseofdeath.Eachyear,around8millionpeoplediefromheartattacksandmanymillionsmoresufferfrom,andeventuallysuccumbto,heartdiseasessuchascongestiveheartfailureandarrhythmia(心律不齐).Globalfiguresarerising,yetcalculationssuggestthatthisnumbercouldbeslashedbyaround50percentifsmokingwereremovedfromtheequation.However,decreaseswouldbeoffsettosomedegreeastheworld’spopulationages,dietsbecomemorefat-ladenandlifestylesmoresedentary(久坐的),asallthesefactorsareharmfultoahealthyheart.Althoughscientificstudyoftheheartbeganfourcenturiesago,thepastfewdecadeshaveseenaparadigm(范例)shiftinresearch.Wearenowabletomonitortheprocessofcontractionandrelaxationthatunderliesthegrossfunctionoftheheartatclosequartersbytrackingthemovementofcalcium(钙)andotherions(离子)withinmyocytes(肌细胞).Andgeneticinformationisusedintrialheartgenetherapy.Aswithalldiseases,understandingtheprocessesinvolvedatthemolecularandgeneticlevelisenablingustomakeinroadsinpreventingandtreatingheartdisease.11.Ifthereisnoonesmoking,peoplesufferingfromheartdiseasescanbereduced_________.A.byaboutonefourthB.byaboutonethirdsC.byabouthalfD.tonone 12.Accordingtothepassage,_________isharmfultoourhearts.A.drinkingcoffeeB.long-timesittingC.livingamobilelifeD.noteatingregularmeals13.Scientificstudyoftheheart_________.A.beganafewdecadesagoB.beganbeforeHarvey’stimeC.isdifferentfromwhatitusedtobeD.focusesontheageingproblemofthesociety14.Atthemolecularlevel,researchersstudytheheart_________.A.bytrackingthemovementofcalciumandotherionswithinmyocytesB.bymonitoringtheprocessofcontractionandrelaxationoftheheartC.bydoingtrialheartgenetherapyD.byobservingtheheartbeatofthesubjects15.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Smokingusedtobetheonlyfactorcontributingtoheartdiseases.B.Eatingtoomuchfatisnotgoodforyourheart.C.Heartisoneofthemostwidelystudiedorgansofthebody.D.Heartdiseasehascausedmanydeaths.PARTTWOPassage1AniniholdsthesingulardistinctioninIndiaofbeingtheonlydistrictcapitalwithoutanall-weatherroadprovidingbasictransportation.Now,inwhatisbelievedtobethemostremotecybercenterinallofIndia,anewstate-of-the-artcomputercenterhasputAninionthe“informationsuperhighway.”Thefacilityisoneof487freecommunityinformationcentersthattheGovernmentofIndiahasbeeninstallingthroughoutnortheasternIndia.TheUS$75millionproject,whichhaswidepoliticalsupport,ispartofaplanbytheMinistryofInformationTechnologytobridgethedigitaldivideinisolatedcornersofthisvastnation,whichisaboutathirdaslargeastheUnitedStatesandhasslightlymorethanabillionpeople,apopulationsecondonlytoChina’s.Peopleintheregionhailthecomputercenterasthefirststepinwhattheyhopewillbeapermanentroadlinkingthemwiththeoutsideworld.Untilrecently,therewasnoroadatallleadinginandoutofAnini.ThesixPentiumcomputersandaccessoriesprovidedforthenewcommunityinformationcenterhadtobetransportedonelephantback.Aboutayearago,thefederalgovernment’sBorderRoadsOrganizationopenedpartofa228-kilometer(141-mile)roadthat,whenfinished,willextendfromAninitothenearestroadlink,atRoeing.Muchasit’sneeded,thenewunpavedroadisonlyastart.1.WhichdescriptionofAniniistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.ItistheonlydistrictcapitalinIndia.B.Itboaststhebestcomputercenterintheworld.C.IthasthelargestpopulationinIndia. D.Ithasverybadtransportationconditions.2.Aninigotitsnewcomputercenter_________.A.becauseofitsimportantgeographicsituationB.thankstopoliticalsupportC.becauseofitspoorconditionsD.tofacilitatethenationalelection3.Thenewcomputercenter_________.A.iswarmlywelcomedbythelocalsB.istheonlyoneinnortheasternIndiaC.helpssolvetheproblemoftransportationinAniniD.willbefinishedsoon4.Thecomputersandaccessories_________.A.werecarriedtoAninibyelephantsB.aresecond-handedonesC.weretransportedtoAninibycamelD.aredenotedbytheU.S.5.The141-mileroad_________.A.hasnotbeenfinishedB.makesitconvenienttotransportthecomputersandaccessoriesC.willbethefirstroadinAniniD.issponsoredbytheMinistryofInformationTechnologyPassage2It’sverynecessaryforCanadatosetupeffectivetransportationsystembecauseofitsenormoussizewithitssparselypopulateddistribution.Itisalsoverydifficulttomaketransportationconstructiononthesurfaceofthecountryduetoitsharshlongwinteranditsmountainousterrain.It’sreallyamazingforthiscountrytosetupatranscontinentalrailroadsincelastcentury.Until1990,theroutelengthwasmorethan86,880kilometers.Mostofthecountry’sfreightaretransportedbyCanadianNationalRailwayandCanadianPacificRailway.Butnowadaysfewerandfewerpeopletravelbytrain.Watertransportationwasveryimportantbeforerailwayconstruction.Althoughpassengertravelbywaterislessimportantthanbefore,waterwaysremainimportantforcargotransporting.Waterwaysincludelakes,riversandseacoastlines.OneofthemostsignificantwatertransportationsystemisSt.LawrenceseawayfromtheAtlanticOceantothewestofLakeSuperior.Becauseoftheincreasingnumberofautomobiles,Canada’sroadtransportationdevelopsveryquickly.In1991,roadlengthhasbeenmorethan849,400kilometers.Roadsystemisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.TruckscarrynearlyhalfofthetotalfreighttransportedinCanada.Earlyin1962,CanadahadTrans-CanadaHighwaywiththelengthofmorethan7.7kilometers,extendingfromSt.Johns,NewBrunswicktoVictoria,BritishColumbia.Withthedevelopmentoftransportation,airplanesbecameanothernecessaryvehiclessinceaeroplanescouldbetheonlyaccesstosomeareasofthefarnorthern region.Canadiantransportationsystemdevelopsveryquicklywiththeincreasinglyadvancedscienceandtechnology.Theaimofthetransportationistousesubstitutefuelsandtoproducemoreefficienttransportationfacilities.6.Despiteits_________,Canadanowboastsatranscontinentalrailroad.A.sparselypopulatedareasB.abundantnaturalresourcesC.largeacreofdesertD.harshlongwinter7.Nowadays,theCanadianrailwayismainlyusedto_________.A.transportfreightB.carrypassengersC.carrytouristsD.transportsoldiers8.Nearly50%ofthetotalfreighttransportedinCanadaisaccomplishedby_________.A.trainsB.carsC.trucksD.ships9.AirplanesareimportantintransportationinCanada_________.A.becausetheycanflyveryhighB.becausetheycancarrylargerfreighttothedestinationwithinshortertimeC.becausetheyarethenewestformoftransportD.becausetheycangotosomeareasthatcannotbereachedbyothertransports10.Thepassageismainlyabout_________.A.thehistoryofCanadiantransportationB.thedifferentformsoftransportinCanadaC.theconditionoftransportationinCanadaD.theadvancementofCanadiantransportationPassage3Studentsgraduatingfromcollegestodayarenotfullypreparedtodealwiththe“realworld”.Itismybeliefthatcollegestudentsneedtobetaughtmoreskillsandinformationtoenablethemtomeetthechallengesthatfaceeveryoneindailylife.Theareasinwhichstudentsneedtrainingareplayingthecreditgame,planningtheirpersonalfinancialstrategy,andconsumerawareness.Learninghowtoobtainandusecreditisprobablythemostvaluableknowledgeayoungpersoncanhave.Creditisadangeroustoolthatcanbeoftremendoushelpifitishandedwithcaution.Havingcreditcanenablepeopletoobtainmaterialnecessitiesbeforetheyhavethemoneytopurchasethemoutright.Butunfortunately,many,manyyoungpeoplegetcarriedawaywiththeirhandyplasticcreditcardsandawakeonedaytofindtheyareinseriousfinancialdebt.Learninghowtousecreditproperlycanbeaverydifficultandpainfullessonindeed.Ofequalimportanceislearninghowtoplanapersonalbudget.Peoplehavetoknowhowtocontrolmoney;otherwise,itcancontrolthem.Studentsshouldleavecollegeknowinghowtoallocatetheirmoneyforlivingexpenses,insurance,savings,andsoforthinordertoavoidthe“Oh,no!I’mflatbrokeandIdon’tgetpaidagainfortwoweeks!”anxietysyndrome.Alongwithlearningaboutcreditandpersonalfinancialplanning,graduating collegestudentsshouldbetrainedasconsumers.Theconsumermarkettodayisfloodedwithavarietyofproductsandservicesofvaryingqualityandprices.Ayoungpersonenteringthe“realworld”issuddenlyfacedwithdifficultdecisionsaboutwhichproducttobuyorwhoseservicestoengage.Heisusuallyunawareofsuchthingsasreturnpolicies,guarantees,orrepairprocedures.Informationofthissortisvitalknowledgetoeverydayliving.Foranewlygraduatedcollegestudent,the“realworld”canbeascaryplacetobewhenheorsheisfacedwithsuchissuesashandlingcredit,planningabudget,orknowingwhattolookforwhenmakingapurchaseandwhomtopurchaseitfrom.Enteringthis“realworld”couldbemadelesspainfulifpersonwereeducatedindealingwiththeseareasofdailylife.Whatbetterplacetoaccomplishthisthanincollege?11.Accordingtothewriter,graduatingstudents____________.A.willfindithardtogetajobwithonlyknowledgegainedfromcollegeB.haveinsufficientskillsandknowledgeanddonotdeserveacollegediplomaC.willnotbeabletoearnenoughmoneytosupportthemselves.D.donothavethenecessaryknowledgeandskillstodealwiththerealitiesoflife.12.Thewriterpointsoutthatmanyyoungpeople_____.A.fallintodebtduetoill-adviseduseofcreditcardsB.havetodependoncredittopurchasesomematerialnecessitiesC.donotknowthepowerofcreditandeasilyrunintoseriousfinancialdebtD.startbuyingtoomuchoncreditbeforetheygetapaidjob13.Studentssufferfromananxietysyndromebecause____________.A.theydonothavetheirparents’financialsupportB.theyareworriedthattheydon’tgetpaidontimeC.theyrunoutofmoneyandcan’tcovertheirlivingexpensesD.theycan’taffordtobuyinsuranceforthemselves14.To“trainstudentsasconsumers”meanstoenablethemto______.A.handletheircreditwithcautionB.plantheirspendingcarefullysothattheydon’tgobrokeC.makewisepurchasingdecisionsandbeinformedaboutconsumerservicesD.copewithseriousfinancialproblems15.Byasking“Whatbetterplacetoaccomplishthisthanincollege?”thewritermeansthat_______.A.thebestplacetotrainstudentstodealwithpersonalfinancialissuesisincollegeB.studentsshouldbetrainedtoentertherealworldaftertheygraduatefromcollegeC.studentscanbestbetrainedinbusinessandeconomicsincollegeD.studentsshouldbetaughttocopewiththedifficultproblemstheywillbefacingaftergraduation PARTTHREEPassage1Therearemanywaysofputtingoutafire.Youmayhaveseenpeopleputoutburningcigarettesbysteppingonthem.Steppingonaburningcigaretteshutsofftheairandputsoutthefire.Manyfiresareputoutwithwater.Watercoolsthematerialthatisburning.Ithelpssmotherafire,too.Someofthewaterischangedintosteamwhenitstrikesthehotfire.Thestemshutsoffairfromthefireandhelpsputitout.Somefirescannotbeputoutwithwater.Theyhavetobesmotheredwithsandorwithchemicalsofsomekind,suchasthoseusedinsomefireextinguishers.Supposeatankfullofgasolineisonfire.Gasolineislighterthanwater.Ifyoupouredwaterintothetankofgasoline,thewaterwouldsinktothebottomofthetank.Thegasolinewouldfloatontopofthewaterandwouldprobablykeeponburning.Ifyoukeeponputtingwateronthefire,thegasolinewouldflowovertheedgeofthetank.Thenthefirewouldspread.1.Whatarethemajorwaysofputtingoutfiresasmentionedinthepassage?A.Withwaterandwithsandandchemicals.B.Withwaterandwithsandandsteam.C.WithwaterandwithsteamD.Withwaterandmaterialsandchemicals.2.Watercanputoutafirebecause_______________.A.wateriscoldandcool.B.wateristheonlywaytoputoutafire.C.watercoolsthematerialonfireandthesteamshutsoffair.D.watercanbechangedintosteam.3.Gasolinefirescannotbeputoutwith________________.A.sandBwaterC.chemicalsD.extinguishers4.Ifyouputwaterintothetankofgasoline,______.A.gasolinewouldsinktothebottomofthetank.B.gasolinewouldbemixedwithwaterC.waterwouldfloatonthetopofgasoline.D.waterwouldnotbemixedwithgasoline.5.Thebesttitleofthepassagewouldbe______________.A.Water,SandandChemicalsB.HowtoPutOutaFirewithWaterC.HowtoPutOutaFire.D.Don’tUseWatertoPutGasolineFires.Passage2Itisnotnecessarytowriteinordertosendmessages.Intheolddays,peoplewhocouldnotwriteusedtosendmessagestooneanotherinmanydifferentways.TheIndiansusedsmoketosendsignals.Theymadeafireandputwetgrassonit.Thentheycoveredthefirewithawetblanket.Afterafewmoments,theytooktheblanketawayagain.Thismadeacloudofsmoke.Theycouldsendsimplemessagesin thisway.Onecloudofsmokemeant,“Danger”.Twocloudsmeant,“Everythingisallright.”Threecloudsmeant,“Help”.InthethickforestofAfrica,itusedtobedifficulttotravelfromvillagetovillage.Butdrumscouldbeheardfrommanymilesaway.Peopleinthispartoftheworlddiscoveredthattheycouldusetheirdrumsforsendingmessages.TheydidnotuseaspecialcodeliketheMorseCode.Theymadetheirdrums“speak”likepeople.Theydidthisbyplayingtunesthatsoundedlikesimplesentencesintheirlanguages.TheIncasofSouthAmericaneverdevelopedawayofwritingtheirlanguage,buttheyusedtosendmessagesbytryingknotsinrope.MenusedtorunwithsuchknottedropesfromtowntotownalongtheIncaroads.Manyoftheseropemessageshavebeenfound,butnobodycanunderstandwhattheymean.6.Intheolddays,people____________.a.couldn’twriteb.wroteinordertosendmessagesc.useddifferentwaystosendmessagesd.couldn’tsendmessages7.WhichofthefollowingtookplacefirstwhenIndiansusedsmoketosendmessages?a.Theyputawetblanketonthefire.b.Theycoveredthefirewithwetgrass.c.Theyremovedtheblanketd.Theyusedsmoketosendmessages8.________usedtosendmessagesbyplayingtunesondrums.a.Africansb.Indiansc.Incasd.Peopleintheolddays9.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?a.PeopleinforestsofAfricauseddifferentwaystosendmessages.b.TheIndiansuseddrumstosendmessages.c.TheIncasofSouthAmericaonlydevelopedawayofsendingmessageswithdrums.d.NobodynowcanunderstandwhattheIncasmeantbytryingknotsinrope.10.Thebesttitleofthepassagewouldbe__.a.DifferentPeoplesb.Differentwaysc.Smoke,DrumsandRopesd.SendingMessages.Passage3Areyouawarethatyouactuallypossesssixsenses?Thesixthisamuscularsenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligently---totheexactextentnecessaryforeachactionyouperform.Forexample,whenyoureachforanobject,thesensorynerveslinkingthemusclestothebrainstopyourhandatehcorrectspot.Thisautomaticperceptionofthepositionofyourmusclesonrelationtotheobjectisyourmuscularsenseinaction.Musclesarestringybundlesoffibersvaryingfromonefive-thousandthofaninchtoaboutthreeinches.Theyhavethreeuniquecharacteristics:theycanbecomeshorterandthicker;theycanstretch;andtheycanretracttotheiroriginalpositions.Underahigh-poweredmicroscope,muscletissueisseenaslong,slendercellswithagrainytexturelikewood.Morethanhalfaperson’sbodyiscomposedofmusclefibers,mostofwhichareinvoluntary—inotherwords,workwithoutconsciousdirection.Thevoluntarymuscles, thosethatwemoveconsciouslytoperformparticularactions,numbermorethanfivehundred.Womenhaveonly60to70percentasmuchmuscleasmenfortheirbodymass.Thatiswhyanaveragewomancan’tliftasmuch,throwasfar,orhitashardasanaverageman.11.Accordingtotheselection,themuscularsenseisresponsiblefor____.A.theefficiencyofourmusclesB.thenormalbreathingfunctionB.directingourmusclesintelligentlyD.theworkofonlyourinvoluntarymuscles.12.Intelligentuseofthemusclesmeansthat____.A.onealwaysknowswhathismusclesaredoing.B.oneperformssimpleactionswithoutworkingC.one’smusclesareusedonlytotheextentnecessaryforeachactiontheyperform.D.oneimprovesmuscularactionconsciously13.Musclesareuniquefibersinthattheycan____A.contractB.stretchC.retractD.alloftheabove14.Accordingtotheselection,morethanhalfofaperson’sbodyiscomposedof____.A.voluntarymusclesB.involuntarymusclesC.musclefibersD.sensorynerves15.Anaveragewomanisweakerthananaveragemanbecauseshehas____.A.morevoluntarymusclesthananaveragemanB.only60to70percentasmuchmuscleasamanforherbodymassC.60to70percentlessmuscleforherbodymassD.lessmusclefiberforherbodyweightPARTFOURPassage1ItwasyearssinceIhadvisitedmyhometownandIwasdeterminedtoenjoymystay.Iwenttoseemyoldfriend,TomClark,who,amongotherthings,wasamemberoftheLocalCouncil.AtthetimeTomwasbusymakingarrangementsforadistinguishedwritertogiveatalkonmodernliteratureatthetownlibrary.Asthesubjectinterestedmeagreatdeal,IgladlyacceptedTom’sinvitationtogowithhim.Tomwasgoingtointroducetheguestspeakerandthateveningwewenttothelibrarytomeethim.Sincehehadnotyetarrived,IleftTomandwenttotheReadingRoomwherealargeaudiencehadalreadygathered.IwasdisappointedtofindthatIdidnotknowasinglepersonthere.Justbeforethetalkwasduetobegin,IsawTomwavingtomefromthedoorway.Iwenttohimimmediately,ashelookedveryworried.Heexplainedthathehadjustreceivedatelephonemessagefromthewriter’ssecretary.Ourguesthadmissedthetrainandwouldbeunabletocome!Whilewewerethinkingabouttheproblem,TomsuddenlyaskedmeifIwouldmindactingasaspeaker.IhardlyhadtimetothinkaboutthematterwhenIfoundIwasbeingledinto theReadingRomtoaddressthewaitingaudience!1.Theauthor’soldfriend,TomClark,was____A.amemberofaclubnamedLocalCouncilB.asecretaryofthelocalgovernmentC.adistinguishedwriterD.alocalcouncilor2.WhowassupposedtobetheguestspeakerbyTom’sarrangement?A.ThewriterofthispassageB.AnoutstandingwriterC.Thewriter’ssecretaryD.Tom’ssecretary3.WhathappenedtothewriterofthispassagewhenheleftTomandwentintotheReadingRoom?A.HewasgreetedbyalargeaudienceB.HesawmanyoldfriendsthereC.HefeltsorrybecausehewasastrangerthereD.Hefoundmanyunfamiliarcouplesexceptonemanwhowassingle4.Justbeforethetalkwasduetobegin,Tomlookedveryworriedbecause____.A.thewriterofthepassagewasdisappointedB.hecouldn’tfindthewriterofthepassageC.hefailedtomakeatelephonecalltohissecretaryD.theguestspeakerwasabsent5.Thelastsentenceofthispassageimpliesthat____A.theauthorofthepassagehadtomakeaspeechwithoutpreparationB.herefusedtosayanythingbeforetheaudienceC.TomhadaverydifficulttimeexplainingthesituationsD.thewaitingaudiencewouldn’tlistentohimbecausetheyknewhewasnottherightpersontoaddressthem.Passage2Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas‘Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea.’Beforethenineteenthcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings.Buthewasreluctanttogotoseatofurtherhiswork.Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlaybeneaththesurface.Thefirsttimethatthequestion‘Whatisatthebottomoftheoceans?’hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineershadtoknowthedepthprofileoftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsiblefor encouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingsweretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition,whichlastedforfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-volumereport,thelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.6.TheproposaltolayatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericamadeoceanographicstudiestakeon_____.A.anacademicaspectB.amilitaryaspectC.abusinessaspectD.aninternationalaspect7.Itwas_____thataskedMauryforhelpinoceanographicstudies.A.theAmericanNavyB.someearlyintercontinentaltravelersC.thosewhoearnedalivingfromtheseaD.thecompanywhichproposedtolayanunderseacable8.TheaimofthevoyagesMaurywasresponsibleforinthe1840swas_____.A.tomakesomesoundingexperimentsintheoceansB.tocollectsamplesofseaplantsandanimalsC.toestimatethelengthofcablethatwasneededD.tomeasurethedepthsofthetwooceans9.‘Defied’inthe5thparagraphprobablymeans___.A.‘doubted’B.‘gaveproofto’C.‘challenged’D.‘agreedto’10.Thispassageismainlyabout___A.thebeginningsofoceanographyB.thelayingofthefirstunderseacableC.theinvestigationofoceandepthsD.theearlyintercontinentalcommunicationsPassage3PeopleontheMoveThehistoryoftheAmericanpeopleis,inpart,thehistoryofthemovementoftheAmericanpeople.TheymovedfromthecoloniesoftheEastCoasttotheopenspacesoftheWest.Theymovedfromthecountryandthefarmtothecity.Morerecently,Americanshavebeenmovingfromthecitiestothesuburbs. OpenSpace:TheMoveWestPioneerAmericansbeganmovingfromtheEastCoasttotheWest250yearsago.Theymovedwestformanyreasons.Onereasonwastheavailabilityofunlimitedopenspaceandlandforfarming.Americanslikedlargeopenspaces,andtheyalsolikedthefreedomandindependencetodevelopthelandintheirownway.Someofthelandbecamefarms.Importantmineralswerediscoveredinsomeareas,sosomeofthelandbecamemines.Otherlargeareasbecamecattleranches.Thereseemedtobeenoughlandforeverybody.Butitwasadifficultlife----alifeofendlessworkandhardship.TheCitiesAfter1860,theIndustrialRevolutionchangedtheUnitedStates.Americanslearnedhowtomanufacturesteel.Theybegantoproducepetroleum.Theautomobilewasinvented.Factoriesofallkindsbegantoappear,andcitiesbegantogrowuparoundthefactories.Farmersandothercountrypeoplemovedtothegrowingcitiesinordertofindjobsandaneasierlife.Intheearly1900s,thecitieswerebusy,excitingplaces.However,therewasalsoalotofpovertyandhardship.Thecitiesgrewup----thebuildingsgottaller---andthecitiesgrewout----theyspreadoutfromthecenter.Privatehouseswithyardsandporchesdisappeared.Apartmentbuildings,eachonetallerthanthenext,tooktheirplace.Moreandmorepeoplemovedtothecities,andthecitiesgotbiggerandbigger.Somecitiescouldnotspreadoutbecausetherewasnoroomtodoso.Thesecities,ofwhichNewYorkisthebestexample,becamemoreandmorecrowded.Morepeoplemeantmorecars,trucks,andbuses,morenoise,morepollution,andmorecrime.Manycitiesbecameuglyanddirty.Somepeopleandsomebusinessesbegantoleavethecitiesandmoretothesuburbsoutsidethecities.TheSuburbsThemovetothesuburbsisstillhappening.Americansarelookingforasmallpieceoflandthattheycancalltheirown.Theywantahousewithayard.However,theydonotwanttogiveupthegoodjobstheyhaveinthecity.Inmanycases,companiesinthesuburbsgivethemjobs.Inothercases,Americanstendtocommutetoandfromthecitieswheretheirjobsare.Inrecentyears,moreandmorebusinessesaremovingtothesuburbs.Theyareattractingmanypeopleandthesuburbsarebecomingcrowded.WhatNext?Americanshavewatchedtheirbigcitiesfallslowlyintodisrepairanddie.Manymiddle-classpeoplehaveleftthecities,andonlytheveryrichandtheverypoorarestayingbehind.ConcernedAmericansaretryingtosolvetheproblemsofnoise,dirt,crime,andpollutioninthebigcities.Theyaretryingtorebuildbadsectionsofthecitiesinordertoattractandkeepbusinesspeople.Theyaretryingtomaketheircitiesbeautiful.NowmanyAmericansarethinkingofmovingbacktothecities.OtherAmericansarefindingthateventhesuburbshavebecometoocrowded.Theyarelookingforunpollutedopenspacesandforanindependentwayoflife.Theyarereadytomovefromthesuburbstothecountry. PerhapsAmericanswillalwaysbeonthemove.11.WelearnfromthepassagethatAmericansfirst_____________.A.movedfromtheEasttotheWest,thenthecountrypeoplemovedtothecityandlatercitypeoplemovedtothesuburbs.B.movedfromtheEasttotheWest,thenthecountrypeoplemovedtothecityandlaterpeopleintheWestmovedbacktotheEast.C.movedfromthecrowdedcitiesintheEasttotheopenspacesintheWest,andlaterpeopleintheWestmovedbacktotheEast.D.flockedtothecityandlaterthecitypeoplemovedtothesuburbsortotheopenspacesintheWest.12.Accordingtothepassage,AmericansmovedtotheWestbecause_____________.A.movingwestrepresentedandadventurousspiritthatAmericanscherish.B.lifetherewastougherbutmoreattractive.C.therewasmorelandavailableintheWest.D.goldmineswerediscoveredintheWest.13.Privatehouseswithyardsandporchesinthecity____A.disappearedbecauselivinginthecitywasnolongerconvenientforttheirowners.B.tookuptoomuchspaceandhadtomakewayforhigh-risingbuildings.C.wereleftemptybecausetheirownerswantedtoavoidthecrimesinthecity.D.weretorndownbecausetheybecametoouglyanddirtyfortheirownerstolivein14.Nowadays,inthesuburbsofAmericancities,______________.A.crimeisontheincreaseB.peoplefindithardtogetajob.C.thereisanincreaseofpeopleandbusinesses.D.anewcommutingsystemhasbeenputintouse.15.ManyAmericansnowadays__.A.arethinkingofmovingbacktothecity.B.prefertoliveinthesuburbsC.avoidlivinginthecitybecauseofthehighcrimeratethere.D.believetheyshouldmovetothecountryPARTFIVEPassage1TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethattheGovernmentwillbeabletoholdthings backforlong.AsoneNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek:“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogramofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogramhashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandhealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofitbecauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.1.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto________________A.providemorejobsforforeignworkersB.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopmentC.selltheoilitisproducingabroadD.developmorequicklythanatpresent2.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto______A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsourcesB.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorwayC.helptheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblemD.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize.3.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadinnorthernNorwayto___________.A.thedevelopmentofindustryB.agrowthinpopulationC.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramD.thedevelopmentofnewtowns4.Inthesouth,oneeffectofthedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe____A.alargereductioninunemploymentB.agrowthinthetouristindustryC.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustriesD.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries5.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause_______.A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegiansocietyB.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianidealC.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety D.theyregardoilasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflifePassage2Underproperconditions,soundwaveswillbereflectedfromahillsideorothersuchobstruction.Soundtravelsattherateofaboutone-fifthofamilepersecond.Ifthehilliselevenhundredfeetaway,ittakestwosecondsforthesoundtotraveltothehillandback.Thus,bytimingtheintervalbetweenasoundanditsreflection(theecho),youvanestimatethedistancetoanobstruction.DuringWorldWarIItheBritishusedapracticalapplicationofthisprincipletodetectGermanplanesontheirwaytobombLondonlongbeforetheenemywasnearthetarget.Theyusedradiowavesinsteadofsoundwaves,sinceradiowavescanpenetratefogandclouds.TheoutnumberedRoyalAirForce(RAF)alwaysseemedtothepuzzledGermanstobelyinginwaitattherighttimeandnevertobesurprised.ItwasradioechoesmorethananythingelsethatwontheBattleofBritain.SincetheradioweaveswereusedtotellthedirectioninwhichtosendtheRAFplanesandthedistancetosendthem(theirrangeofflight,inotherwords),thedevicewascalledradiodetectingandranging,andfromtheinitialsthewordradarwascoined.6.Soundwavesreflectedfromahillcanbeusedtoestimatethe_______.A.intensityofsoundB.distancetothehillC.speedofsoundD.heightofthehill7.Whichofthefollowingcanberesultedfrombypracticalapplicationofthisprinciple?A.aradiodirectingandrangingdevice.B.anelectronicdetectingdeviceC.newelectronicinstrumentsforplanesD.newradiosetsforRAFbombers8.RadarenabledtheEnglishto_____A.confuseGermanbomberpilotsB.directtheoutnumberedRAFplaneseffectivelyC.detectGermanplanesontheirwaytoLondon.D.bothAandB9.WhydidtheBritishuseradiowaves?A.Becausetheyweremoreexactthansoundwaves.B.Becausetheycouldnotbedetected.C.Becausetheywereeasiertousethansoundwaves.D.Becausetheycouldpenetratefogandclouds.10.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A.Radarwasapracticalapplicationofawell-knownprinciple.B.Lightwavescouldbeusedinadevicesimilartoradar.C.RadargreatlyincreasedtheeffectivenessoftheREAF.D.Soundwavesarereflectedfromahillsideunderallconditions.Passage3 ThefirstpostalserviceinNorthAmericabeganinNewEnglandinthe17thCentury.AllmailarrivinginMassachusettscolonywassenttothehomeofanappointedofficialinBoston.Inturn,hewoulddeliverthemailfromBostononhorsebacktoitsdestination,receivingonepennyforeachgoodarticleofmail.LaterinthecenturypostalserviceswereestablishedbetweenPhiladephiaandDelaware.In1691,theBritishcrownappointedthefirstpostmastergeneraltohavechargeofthemailforallthecoloniesinNorthAmerica.Later,BenjaminFranklinservedasthepostmasterbythenewlyformedUnitedStatesgovernment.FranklinwasresponsibleforestablishingtheUniteStatespostalsystemonapermanentbasis.Heincreasedthenumberofpostoffices,introducedtheuseofstagecoachestocarrymail,andstartedapackageservicesystem.Laterinthe19thcentury,asrailroadandsteamboatsappeared,theywereusedtocarrymailintothetowns.Somecommunities,especiallythoseoutwest,werefarfromtheservicesoftransportation.Toservethem,thepostofficesdevelopedasystemcalled“starroutes”.Privatecontractorswerepaidtodelivermailtothecommunitiesfromhorseandwagon.Thepostalservice,whichstartedoverthreecenturiesago,haddevelopedintoanextensivegovernmentservicewithpostofficesineverycity,town,andvillagesintheUnitedStates.11.Whatisthesubjectofthepassage?A.TheU.S.postalsystem.B.ThehistoryoftheU.SmailC.AhistoryofBenjaminFranklin.D.Letterwriting12.WhenwasthefirstNorthAmericanpostalservicestarted?A.TwocenturiesagoB.Over300yearsagoC.In1691D.Inthe16thcentury13.ForwhatdidBenjaminFranklindeservecredit?A.HewasthefirstpostmastergeneralinNorthAmerica.B.HeestablishedagovernmentpostalserviceforBritain.C.HeservedbothBritishandAmericangovernment.D.HegovernsthepostalsystemintheU.S14.Whywere“starroutes”started?A.Becausethehorseandwagonwereslowincarryingmails.B.Becausethetrainsweretoofast.C.Becausetransportationwasdifficultforsometowns.D.Becausethecommunitiesdidn’tlikeordinarypostoffices.15.Whateventuallyhappenedtothepostalservice?A.Itfailedtoservethepeopleinremoteplaces.B.ItdevelopedatransportsystemC.Itremainedthesameasitstartedmanyyearsbefore.D.Itdevelopedalloverthecountry. PartII.VocabularyandStructureDirections:Inthissectionthereare15incompletesentences.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence,ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PARTONE16.Canyoutellushowmanyingredientsthiscompound___?A.consistsofB.constrainstoC.consistsinD.consultswith17.Inconductingforeignaffairsweshouldseekcommongroundonmajorissueswhile_____differencesonminorones.A.reservingB.requiringC.resolvingD.resisting18.Pleaseallowmetoexpresswarmwelcometoour____friends.A.respectB.respectfulC.respectedD.respective19.Couldyouhavethebirthdaycakereadyby,___,the20th?A.thatisB.sayC.forexampleD.sotospeak20.Theteacheraskedthestudentsto____theircompositionsbeforehandingthemin.A.readonB.readoutC.readthroughD.readover21.Asaprecautiontheworkers___alltheweaponsfromthefactorytoasecretplaceinthecountry.A.changedB.consumedC.putD.transferred22.Ifoundthegirlwasso____readingLeiFeng’sstoriesthatshealmostforgotherdinner.A.absorbedinB.acceptedbyC.accustomedtoD.adaptedto23.Pleaseletmesitdown;I’m___.A.worndownB.wornoffC.wornoutD.wornaway24.Idon’twantthisbread;it’s_____.A.barrenB.staleC.witheredD.rusty25.Televisionhasa_____notonlytoentertainpeoplebutalsotoinformthem.A.necessityB.respect C.dutyD.discipline26.Welook____toreceivingapromptreplytoourletter.A.roundB.throughC.afterD.forward27.Theroadbuilders’claimfora10percentpayrisehasbeenunder____bythegovernment.A.considerationB.inquiryC.regardD.application28.Peteris_____adifficultperiodinhislife.A.goingintoB.goingoverC.goingoutofD.goingthrough29.ThemainroadthroughHangzhouwasblockedforthreehourstodayafteranaccident______twotrucks.A.containingB.connectingC.involvingD.including30.Acompletelynewsituationislikelyto___whentheschoolleavingageisraisedto16.A.affectB.riseC.ariseD.happenPARTTWO16.Theboy,wantingtobeindependent,____hisfather’sofferofhelp.A.turnedawayB.turnedagainstC.turneddownD.turnedup17.Can’tyou____ourchieftoletyouhaveaholiday?A.overcomeB.makeC.succeedD.persuade18.Robertdidn’thearthebellbecausehewascompletely____inhisreadingA.disguisedB.suspendedC.absorbedD.observed19.Keysshouldneverbehiddenaroundhousesincethieves___knowwheretolook.A.virtuallyB.variouslyC.reliablyD.invariably20.Itissometimesdifficult_____youhavejustmet.A.tomakepleasureconversationamongpeople.B.makingpleasureconversationtopeopleC.makingpleasureconversationforpeople.D.tomakepleasureconversationwithpeople.21.Thistest____anumberofmultiple-choicequestions.A.composedofB.composesinC.consistsofD.consistsin22.Nooneimaginedthattheapparently____businessmanwasreallyacriminal. A.respectfulB.respectiveC.respectableD.respect23.I’mafraidyou’vebeen____.Thisbanknoteisaforgery.A.takeninB.takenupC.takendownD.takenout24.Veryfewscientists____withcompletelynewanswerstotheworld’sproblems.A.cometoB.comeupC.comeinD.comeon25.Hequickly_____himselfasapowerfulmemberofthenewcompany.A.madeB.transferredC.preservedD.established26.Theoffice____fromChicagotoLosAngeles.A.waschangedB.wastransferredC.changedD.transferred27.TheAncientEgyptiansknewhow____deadbodiesfromdecay.A.topreserveB.topreventC.preservingD.preventing28.Seeingthattheywereverybusythen,wetookoutleavequicklylestweshouldbe____.A.onthewayB.bythewayC.inthiswayD.intheway29.Theoldlady____hersackandrestedforafewminutes.A.pickedupB.putdownC.tiedupD.leftover30.Agooddictionaryis____tothestudyofaforeignlanguage.A.relevantB.respectableC.inseparableD.indispensablePARTTHREE16.____theexpressiononhisface,heseemedtobedispleased.Whichofthefollowingcan’tbeusedintheabovesentence?A.AstoB.ByC.AccordingtoD.Judgingby17.Theotherstudentsmade___hiscalligraphy.A.bigfussoverB.agreatfussoverC.greatfussofD.greatfussesover18.Hewaselectedbyamajorityof20votes___5.A.overB.thanC.aboveD.against19.Goldissimilar___brass___color.A.on…toB.to…onC.to…inD.with…in20.HespokeEnglishsowellthat___.Whichofthefollowingisnotcorrect?A.ItookforgrantedthathewasanEnglishman B.hewastakenforgrantedasanEnglishmanC.ItookitforgrantedthathewasanEnglishmanD.itwastakenforgrantedthathewasanEnglishman.21.______.Wouldyouhelpmetofixit?Whichofthefollowingisnotcorrect?A.SomethinghasgonewrongwithmyTVset.B.SomethingiswrongwithmyTVset.C.There’ssomethingwrongwithmyTVset.D.Theresomething’sgonewrongwithmyTVset22.Thatstudent___today.A.caughtcheatingB.caughtincheatingC.wascaughtcheatingD.wascaughtatcheating23.Whichofthefollowingisright?A.Whichrefrigeratordoyouguesstheywillbuy?B.Whichrefrigeratoryouguesswilltheybuy?C.Whichrefrigeratoryouguesstheywillbuy?D.Doyouguesswhichrefrigeratorwilltheybuy?24.Whichteacherdoyouknow__theexaminationpaper?A.madeupB.wasmadeupofC.madeforD.madeinto25.____,ifyoutryyourbest,you’llearn300yuaninthatfactory.Whichofthefollowingisnotcorrect?A.InmyviewB.InmyopinionC.BymyestimateD.Inmyestimate26.Ifyouaskmetosolvesomethingintricate,I’llprovemyselfanidiot.Whichofthefollowingcan’treplacetheword“intricate”here?_______.A.sophisticatedB.complexC.complicatedD.frequent27.Hesaidhewouldpayforthedamage;hedidn’t,though.Theword“though”canbestbereplacedby____.A.althoughB.eventhoughC.eitherD.however28.Heworked___moreslowlytodaythanhedidyesterday.Whichofthefollowingcan’tbeusedintheabove?A.farB.alotC.alittleD.agoodmany29.Icannotsay___surewhenthefilmwillbegin.A.inB.aboutC.forD.with30.Thetape-recorder,___myestimate,mustbemadeinJapan.A.inB.fromC.ofD.byPARTFOUR16.Thecustomercomplained____themanager____thediscourtesy(粗鲁行为)ofanassistant.A.about…ofB.of…to C.to…ofD.against…of17.Whentheclasswasover,wewentbacktoour___dormitories.A.complacentB.respectableC.respectiveD.respectful18.Wehadahardclimbbutwe___asplendidviewatthetopofthehill.A.wereawardedwithB.wererewardedwithC.wereawardedD.rewardedwith19.Ifyoupracticehard,youwill___agoodnovelist.Whichofthefollowingcan’tbeusedhere?A.makeB.developintoC.turnouttobeD.bringup20.Theroommustbe___cleanbeforetheoperationisperformed.Whichofthefollowingcan’tbeusedhere?A.thoroughlyB.completelyC.particularlyD.offensively21.BeforeyouleavehomeforAustralia,youshould__theEnglishlanguage.A.befamiliartoB.familiarwithC.makeyourselffamiliartoD.befamiliarwith22.You’llgetmoreskillfulatthisjobasyou______.A.godownB.goupC.goalongD.goover23.Thenoisewasfoundtobejustthedogscratchingthedoor.“Wasfoundtobe”canbestbereplacedby_____.A.discoveredB.turnedintoC.turnedagainstD.turnedouttobe24.Thedriver______speedingA.chargedwithB.wasaccusedwithC.waschargedforD.wasaccusedof25.Thepolitician___manyfactsandfigureswhenhewentforthepressconference.A.armedwithB.wasarmedawayC.wasarmedwithD.puton26._____anotherchance,I’msuretowinthefirstaward.Whichofthefollowingcan’tbeusedhere?A.GivenmeB.IfgivenC.GivenD.IfIamgiven27.We_____betterifwe___morefavorableconditions.A.woulddo…hadbeengivenB.wouldhavedone…weregivenC.wouldhavedone…hadbeengivenD.woulddo…aregiven28.Inmost___,suchpatientscanrecoverinabouttwoweeks.Butinno___musttheyleavethehospitalbeforetheyrecover.A.cases…situation B.states…casesC.conditions…circumstancesD.cases…circumstances29.Hetriedtoputbyacoupleofdollarseachweektogoonajourneyinthefollowingvacationbutfailed.“Putby”can’tbereplacedby____.A.setasideB.saveupC.putasideD.setup30.Hehasalreadyhadone____withthelaw.A.brushB.connectC.fightD.relationPARTFIVE16.Wetried_____boththefrontdoorandthebackdoor,butnooneanswered.A.knockingatB.toknockatC.knockonD.knocking17.WerecommendedthatMother___herjobsinceshewasinsuchapoorhealth.A.quitsB.quittedC.quittingD.quit18.Herecoveredhishealth____sea-airandsea-bathing.A.ameansofB.byanymeansC.bymeansofD.byallmeans19.Withtheriseofthepeople’slivingstandard,TVsetsandrefrigeratorsare____necessitiesoflife.A.regardedB.viewedasC.seenD.dealtas20.Afterwritingacomposition,wemust___itseveraltimesandreviseitcarefully.A.goonB.gooutC.gooverD.gobeyond21.Ourexpenditure____alittleshortofthethreehundredyuaneverymonth.A.amountstoB.addstoC.reachestoD.spends22.Advicefromherteacherwillhaveagreat___onmydaughter.A.effortB.effectC.affectD.effective23.Thesewisedecisions____thedefeatofthefascistaggressors.A.helpedtoB.promotedtoC.improvedtoD.contributedto24.ShesuggestedthatRobert____NewYorkandtryhisluckthere.A.wenttoB.goestoC.gotoD.wouldgoto25.Asheisgood-tempered,hegetsalongwell___everybodyelseinhisoffice.A.toB.atC.withD.over26.Theboysare____theirphysicaltraininginhighspirits. A.goingaboutB.goingonC.goingbeyondD.goingahead27.Nothingwill____thefriendshipbetweenourtwoneighboringcountries.A.investigateB.interferewithC.interpretD.intervene28.Youarenotashonestandreliable___youthinkyouare.A.toB.likeC.asD.at29.Atlastherdreamsofbeinganastronaut_____.A.cametoB.cametrueC.cameoutD.cameup30.Ifyouarepatient,I’lltellyouthewhole____indetail.A.conditionB.memoryC.partD.storyPartIII.ClozeDirection:Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheOneanswerthatbestcompletesthepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PARTONETheU.SboughtAlaskafromRussiaaboutahundredyearsago.TheU.Spaidless31twocantsanacre.OneAlaskanIslandisonlytwomilesaway32aRussianIsland.TheneareststateisWashington,500miles33.AlaskaismorethantwiceasbigasTexas.Ithasmanydifferentkindsof34.Insomeareasthetemperaturecangoaslowas57belowzero.Itcanalsogoas35as38abovezero.Alaskahasalongercoastlinethanallotherstatestogether.Theoceanbottomisfullofsealife.36fishcatchisoneofthebiggestofallstates.Mostofthelandthereisstill37bytheU.Sgovernment---notbypeopleorbusinesses.Alaskaisthebiggeststate,butithasthefewestpeople.Townsarefarapart.Longroadscostalottobuildin38wildcountry.Sotherearenotverymanyroads.Manypeopleuseplanestotravelinthestate.Otherstravelinboatsalongthecoast.Riversfreezeinwinter,butboatstravelonthemwhensummercomes.Manypeoplegoto39bigandsmallanimals.Fishermenandskiersandpeoplewho40beautifulcountryvisitthestatetoo.31.A.asB.fromC.thanD.by32.A.fromB.onC.intoD.down33.A.awayB.nearC.longD.farther34.A.weatherB.airC.skyD.atmosphere35.A.tallB.highC.hotD.boiling36.A.AlaskaB.Alaska’sC.Alaskan’sD.Alaskan37.A.owedB.earnedC.broughtD.owned 38.A.soB.suchC.justD.thus39.A.searchB.exploreC.findD.hunt40.A.likeB.approachC.welcomeD.seePARTTWOLonelinesslastingbetweenafewminutesandafewhoursisnotserious,asmostpeoplefeellonelysometimes.Butsomepeoplekeepfeelingforyears,why?It’ssaidthattherearethreedifferent31ofloneliness.Thefirstkindoflonelinessistemporary,whichisthemost32type.Thesecondkindissituationalloneliness,whichisanatural33ofaparticularsituation.Physicalproblems34itcancause,itdoeslastlessthanayear.Thethirdischronicloneliness,themost35ofall.Thereasonwhytosaysois36thiskindoflonelinesslastsmorethantwoyearswithoutanyspecificcause.Thankstosocializingdifficulty,thechronicallylonelypeoplemaythink37hopelesstoimprovetheircondition.Wedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasons.38socialcontactsmakespeoplelonely;aspsychologistshavefound.Butthosewhohavealreadyhadmanysocialcontactstooare39formore.Theywondertheirpopularity.Whiletemporaryandsituationallonelinesscanbea40andhealthypartoflife,psychologistsaretryingtofindwaystohelphabituallylonelypeoplewhoarefacingthedangerofseriousillness.31.A.mannersB.methodsC.stylesD.types32.A.commonB.routineC.averageD.regular33.A.resultB.appearanceC.judgmentD.experience34.A.althoughB.sinceC.asD.becauseof35.A.efficientB.importantC.essentialD.severe36.A.becauseB.thatC.whatD.which37.A.thatB.whichC.thisD.it38.A.OfferingB.LackingC.EnjoyingD.Grasping39.A.increasingB.requiringC.grantingD.longing40.A.capableB.normalC.superiorD.favoritePARTTHREEMorethanfortythousandreaderstolduswhattheylookedforinclosefriendships,whattheyexpected31friends,whattheywerewillingtogivein32,andhowsatisfiedtheywere33thequalityoftheirfriendships.The34givelittlecomforttosocialcritics.Friendship35tobeauniqueformof36bonding.Unlikemarriageorthetiesthat37parentsandchildren,itisnotdefinedorregulatedby38.Unlikeothersocialrolesthatweareexpectedto39ascitizens,employees,membersofprofessionalsocietiesand40organizations—ithasitsownprinciple,whichistopromotefeelingsofwarmth,trust,love,andaffectionbetweentwopeople.31.A.onB.ofC.toD.for32.A.additionB.replyC.turnD.return33.A.aboutB.ofC.withD.by34.A.resultsB.effectsC.expectationsD.consequences35.A.feelsB.leadsC.soundsD.appears 36.A.humanB.mankindC.individualD.civil37.A.bindB.attachC.controlD.attract38.A.disciplineB.lawC.ruleD.regulation39.A.keepB.doC.showD.play40.A.allB.anyC.otherD.thosePARTFOURAlandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources,andlaborsupply---alltheseimportant31inhelpingEnglandtobecomethecenterfortheIndustrialRevolution.32theywerenotenough.Something33wasneededtostarttheindustrialprocess.That“somethingspecial”wasmen---34individualswhocouldinventmachines,findnew35ofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationstoreshapesociety.Themenwho36themachinesoftheIndustrialRevolution37frommanybackgroundsandmanyoccupations.Manyofthemwere38inventorsthanscientists.Amanwhoisa39scientistisprimarilyinterestedindoinghisresearch40.Heisnotnecessarilyworkingsothathisfindingscanbeused.31.A.casesB.reasonsC.factorsD.situations32.A.ButB.AndC.BesidesD.Even33.A.elseB.nearC.extraD.similar34.A.generatingB.effectiveC.motivationD.creative35.A.originsB.sourcesC.basesD.discoveries36.A.employedB.createdC.operatedD.controlled37.A.cameB.arrivedC.stemmedD.appeared38.A.lessB.betterC.moreD.worse39.A.genuineB.practicalC.pureD.clever40.A.happilyB.occasionallyC.reluctantlyD.accuratelyPARTFIVELifeisfullofdangersandsurprises.Yourhousemayburndown.Youmay_31___thewindowandbreakyourneck.Miceandbeetlesmayeatyourfloor___32_youdropintotheflat__33__foranuninvitedcupoftea.Anythingmayhappen,youneverknow.Youcannotalwayspreventdisasters,butyoucan__34__againstthem.Mostformsofinsuranceare__35__itisuptoyouwhetheryoutakeout_36__ornot.Butsomeformsare_37__.Ifyoudriveacar,forexample,youmust__38_athirdpartyinsurancepolicy.The“parties”toanagreement,orcontract,aretheindividualsorgroups_39__.Withthird-partymotorinsurance,thethree_40__are(i)youyourself,(ii)youinsurancecompany,and(iii)anybodyelseforexample,themanwhoseJaguarhasjustsmashedupyourMini.Third-partyinsurancedoesnotcoverfire,theftoranythingelse.Itisintendedonlytoprotectroadusersfromeachother.Ifyouwanttoinsureagainstalltheotherterriblethingsthatmighthappentoyouoryourcar,youcantakeoutacomprehensivepolicy.31.A.falldownB.fallback C.falloutofD.fallout32.A.sothatB.inorderthatC.forfearthatD.Inthat33.A.aboveB.belowC.overD.upside34.A.assureB.ensureC.guaranteeD.insure35.A.compulsoryB.voluntaryC.involuntaryD.unwilling36.A.noteB.cardC.slipD.policy37.A.compulsoryB.optionalC.voluntaryD.willing38.A.takeupB.takeinC.takeoutDtakeover39.A.concerningB.concernedC.beingconcernedD.tobeconcerned40.A.partiesB.groupsC.individualsD.departmentsPartIV.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese.Direction:Thereare3sentencesinthispart.ForeachsentenceyoushouldtranslateitintostandardChinese.PARTONE1，However,threedayslateraletterarrived,askingmetogoforaninterview.2，Thewallsweredirtywithinkmarks.3，She"stheonewhoreallyrunsthisschool.PARTTWO1，Whatwouldmysalarybe?2，Ishouldhavetoteachallsubjectsexceptart.3，Itwasclearlytheheadmasterhimselfthatopenedthedoor.PARTTHREE1，Iattendedalotofdifferentkindsofclassesincollege.2，Hundredsofstudentssendmeemaileachyearaskingforadviceabouteducation. 3，Theywanttoknowwhattostudy.PARTFOUR1，Collegeisn"ttheonlyplacewhereinformationexists.2，collegeoffersyouthebestchancetolearnbroadly.3，Mybasicadviceissimpleandheartfelt.PARTFIVE1，Ifyouwantsomething,workforit!2，Hislifewouldneverbethesameagain.3，Onlythistimeheknewhewasn"tdreaming.PartV.WritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowedtowriteacomposition.Youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow.Setthetopicbyyourself.PARTONE给你的某位朋友写一封E-MAIL。内容包括：1．了解对方最近的情况，尤其是学习情况。2．你的学习情况。PARTTWO假设你叫李明，请写一个自我介绍。包括：1.自然情况2.受教育经历和工作经历3.自我评价PARTTHREE1.有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为……2.有些人喜欢经常更换工作，因为……3.我的看法PARTFOUR1.有人认为人的相貌是很重要的2.有人认为相貌并不是特别的重要3.你的看法 PARTFIVE1.有人认为大学应当多人一个寝室(dormitoryroom)2.有人认为自己一个人一个寝室更好3.你的看法第二部分PartI.ReadingComprehensionDirections:Therearesomepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestions.ForeachquestiontherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PARTONEPassage1WhentheChinesebegantodeveloptheirpublichealthservicesin1949theydecidedtheirmainaimwouldbetopreventdiseasefromoccurring.Onepartoftheirpublichealthprogramwastoteachthepeoplesimplehygienesuchastheimportanceofdrinkingpurewaterandofgettingridofhouseholdrubbish.Asaresultitisnowpossibletocontrolsomeinfectiousdiseases.Chinahasafairlyorganizedmedicalservicesystem.Forexample;commoncasesaretreatedinfactory,schoolorcommuneclinics;onlythedifficultcasesfindtheirwaytothelocalhospitalsandevenfewerarepassedontothespecialisthospitalsfortreatment.RecentvisitorstoChinahaveallagreedthatherhealthstandardsaregood:fewchildrendieofdiseasethatcanbecuredandmanyofthekillerdiseasearewellundercontrol.1.PartoftheChinesemedicalprogramwasintendedto_________.A.teachpeoplehowtoprotectthemselvesagainstthespreadofinfectiousdiseases.B.increasethespecialisthospitalsC.increasethehighly-traineddoctors.D.promotetraditionalChinesemedicine.2.ManyinfectiousdiseasesarenowundercontrolinChinabecause_______.A.manydoctorsworkinclinicsatthesametime.B.manymedicalstudentsaretrainedeveryyear. C.alotofnursesworkasdoctorsD.Chinaorganizeshermedicalservicesinaneffectiveway.1.TheauthorthinksthattheChinesemedicalsystem___.A.couldbeeasilyimprovedB.isnobetterthanthatofsomecountriesC.isworkingfairlywellD.shouldtrytotrainmorespecialists4.Accordingtothispassage,aseriouslyillperson_____.A.isoftentreatedathomeB.isoftentreatedinaspecialhospitalC.isoftentreatedinaclinicD.isoftentreatedinalocalhospital5.Thebesttitleforthisarticlewouldprobablybe_____.A.HowtodealwiththeinfectiousdiseasesB.CommuneclinicsC.PublichealthservicesinChinaD.SpecialhospitalsPassage2Everyyeartherearechangesinclimateindifferentpartsoftheworld.Someofthesechangesareduetonaturalcauses.However,someclimatechangesarecausedbyairpollutionandthesechangesmayincrease.Ifthepollutionaffectsthelevelofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,theresultsarelikelytobeserious.Carbondioxideconstitutesonlyasmallpartoftheatmosphere.ButithasanimportantfunctioninmaintainingthebalancebetweenradiationfromthesunenteringtheatmosphereandradiationleavingtheEarth.SomeoftheradiationisabsorbedbytheEarthandsomeisradiatedbackintotheatmosphere.Thecarbondioxideintheatmospherepreventssomeoftheradiationfromleavingtheatmosphere.ThustheheatremainsintheatmosphereandcarbondioxidehelpstopreventthetemperatureoftheEarthfromfalling.Iftheproportionofcarbondioxideintheatmosphereisincreasedasresultofairpollution,thetemperatureoftheatmospheremayrise.ThismighteventuallycausetheiceintheNorthandSouthPolestomelt.Ifthishappened,thesealevelcoldriseandpartsoftheEarthcouldbeflooded.Thelikelihoodofthishappeningisremote,butthepossibilityexists.Thereisalsoafairlystrongpossibilitythatthedustlevelintheatmospherewillriseasaresultofindustrialpollution.Thisdustpollutionwillreflectsunlightbackintospace.IfthishappenslesssunlightwillreachtheEarthandthetemperaturewillfall.Anotherdangercomesfromthedestructionoftheearth’svegetationsuchastheforestofBrazil,whicharebeingclearedawayforfarmlandandcities.Treesusecarbondioxideandtheirdestructionmayupsetthebalanceofcarbondioxideinthe atmosphere.6.Themainpurposeofthispassageistotellusthat_______.A.theclimateoftheworldisalwayschanging.B.airpollutionhasgreatlyaffectedtheclimateoftheworld.C.climatechangesareduetocarbondioxide.D.theclimateoftheworldissubjectedtodangersfromairpollution.7.Fromthispassagewelearnthatcarbondioxide____A.preventsthetemperatureoftheEarthfromrising.B.keepsthesun’sradiationfromenteringtheatmosphere.C.playsanimportantpartinmaintainingthebalanceofthetemperatureoftheEarthD.isanaturalcausesofclimatechanges8.Judgingfromthispassage,ifthelevelofcarbondioxideintheatmospheredecreased,thetemperatureoftheEarthwould___.A.becomehigherB.becomelowerC.neitherrisenorfallD.eitherfallorrise9.Whichofthefollowingisnotthepossibleseriousoutcomesofairpollutionrelatedtoclimatechanges?A.PartsoftheEarthwouldbefloodedsomeday.B.lesssunlightwouldreachtheEarth.C.thetemperatureoftheearthmightrise.D.theearth’svegetationmightbedestroyed.10.Itisclearthewriterofthepassage____a)isfortheopinionthattheclimatechangedareduetonaturalcauses.b)isafraidthatairpollutionwillgreatlychangetheclimateoftheworld.c)supposethatmorestudiesshouldbemadeontheworld’sclimated)hopesthatstepsshouldbetakentostopthedestructionoftheearth’svegetationPassage3Socialcustomsandwaysofbehavingchange.Thingswhichwereconsideredimpolitemanyyearsagoarenowacceptable.Justafewyearsago,itwasconsideredimpolitebehaviorforamantosmokeinthestreet.Nomanwhothoughthimselfasbeingagentlemanwouldmakeafoolofhimselfbysmokingwhenaladywasinaroom.Customsalsodifferfromcountrytocountry.Doesamanwalkontheleftortherightofawomaninyourcountry?Ordoesn’titmatter?Whatabouttablemanners?Shouldyouusebothhandswhenyouareeating?Shouldyouleaveoneinyoulap,oronthetable?TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalsosharea largenumberofsocialcustoms.Forexample,inbothAmericaandEnglandpeopleshakehandswhentheymeeteachotherforthefirsttime.Also,mostEnglishmenwillopenadoorforawomanoroffertheirseattoawoman,andsowillmostAmericans.PromptnessisimportantbothinEnglandandinAmerica,Thatis,ifadinnerinvitationisfor7o’clock,thedinnerguesteitherarrivesclosetothattimeorcallsuptoexplainhisdelay.Theimportantthingtorememberaboutsocialcustomsisnottodoanythingthatmightmakeotherpeoplefeeluncomfortable---especiallyiftheyareyourguests.Thereisanoldstoryaboutamanwhogaveaformaldinnerparty.Whenthefoodwasserved,oneoftheguestsstartedtoeathispeaswithaknife.Theotherguestswereamusedorshocked,butthehostcalmlypickeduphisknifeandbeganeatinginthesameway.Itwouldhavebeenbadmannerstomakehisguestfeelfoolishoruncomfortable.11.Ifonehasacceptedadinnerinvitation,whatshouldhedoifheistobelateforthedinner?A.Heshouldfindanexcuse.B.HeshouldaskforexcuseC.Heshouldsay“Sorry”.D.Heshouldtelephonetoexplainhisbeinglate12.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,“Badmanners”probablymeans______.A.uglyB.dishonestC.impoliteD.shameful13.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.SocialCustomsandBehaviorB.SociallifeC.AmericanandBritishCustoms.D.PromptnessIsImportant14.Accordingtothepassage,thebesthost______.A.trieshisbesttomakehisguestsfeelcomfortable.B.makeshisguestsfeelexcited.C.triestoavoidbeingnaughtytohisguestsD.triestoavoidbeingstupid.15.Theauthorofthisarticlemayagreewithwhichofthefollowing?A.Theguestwhoatehispeaswithaknife.B.Theotherguestswhowereamusedorshocked.C.Thehostwhopickeduphisknifeandbeganeatinginthesameway.D.Noneoftheabove.PARTTWOPassage1Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.Descriptionslike‘PalaeolithicMan’,‘NeolithicMan’,etc.,neatlysumupwholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel‘LeglessMan’.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:‘inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtouse theirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailways,ski-liftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks.’Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’s-eyeviewoftheworld–orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardrivers,inparticular,areforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.Isitthelureofthegreatmotorways,orwhat?Andasforseatravel,ithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:‘Ijoinedthenavytoseetheworld,andwhatdidIsee?Isawthesea.’Thetypicaltwentieth-centurytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssays‘I’vebeenthere.’Youmentiontheremotest,mostevocativeplace-namesintheworldlikeElDorado,Kabul,Irkutskandsomeoneisboundtosay‘I’vebeenthere’–meaning,‘Idrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse.’Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrival,whenitisachieved,ismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethis,yoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers.1、Anthropologistslabelnowaday’smen‘Legless’becauseApeopleforgethowtousehislegs.Bpeopleprefercars,busesandtrains.Cliftsandescalatorspreventpeoplefromwalking.Dtherearealotoftransportationdevices.2、TravelingathighspeedmeansApeople’sfocusonthefuture.Bapleasure.Csatisfyingdrivers’greatthrill.Danecessityoflife.3、Whydoestheauthorsay‘wearedeprivedoftheuseofoureyes’?APeoplewon’tusetheireyes.BIntravelingathighspeed,eyesbecomeuseless.CPeoplecan’tseeanythingonhiswayoftravel.DPeoplewanttosleepduringtravelling.4、Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?ALegsbecomeweaker.BModernmeansoftransportationmaketheworldasmallplace.CThereisnoneedtouseeyes.DThebestwaytotravelisonfoot.5.Whatdoes‘abird’s-eyeview’mean?ASeeviewwithbird’seyes.BAbirdlooksatabeautifulview.CItisageneralviewfromahighpositionlookingdown.DAscenicplace.Passage2Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,it’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughter thatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.Butareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustified?Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Whydoboxingmatches,forinstance,attractsuchuniversalinterest?Don’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolence?Humanbeingsremainsasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungeylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalive,wefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongage;sportswhicharequiteasbarbarousas,say,publichangingsorbearbaiting.Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbull-fighting,thatweshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattereachothertopulpinaboxingring,thatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkof‘thesportingspirit’issheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportsbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatch,forinstance,isfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteen.Theyfeeldisappointmentbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.Whyshouldwebanviolentsportsifpeopleenjoythemsomuch?Youmaywellask.Theanswerissimple:theyareuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally–admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightmadmencoopedupincages,orpublicfloggingsofanyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimproved,butbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.6.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sopinionofnowadays’humanbeingsisA.notveryhigh.B.high.C.contemptuous.D.critical.7.ThemainideaofthispassageisA.viciousanddangeroussportsshouldbebannedbylaw.B.peoplearewillingtopayvastsumsmoneytoseeviolence.C.tocomparetwodifferentattitudestowardsdangeroussports.D.peoplearebloodthirstyinsports.8.ThattheauthormentionstheoldRomansisA.TocomparetheoldRomanswithtoday’speople.B.togiveanexample.C.toshowhumanbeingsinthepastknownothingbetter.D.toindicatehumanbeingsareusedtobloodthirsty.9.Howmanydangeroussportsdoestheauthormentioninthispassage?A.Three.B.Five.C.Six.D.Seven.10.ThepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageisA.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wehumanbeingscanimproveourselves.B.that,bybanningthedangeroussports,wecanimprovethelaw.C.thatwemusttakepositivestepstoimprovesocialwelfaresystem.D.toshowlawisthemaininstrumentofsocialchange.Passage3Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginfor criticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.‘It’siniquitous,’theysay,‘thatthisentirelyunproductiveindustry(ifwecancallitthat)shouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it’stheconsumerwhopays…’Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachine,itismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformance,price,etc.,fromanadvertisement.Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenare,too!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.Wouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybyelawswhilewaitingforatrain?Wouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaper?Acheerful,wittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities.Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammesisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice!Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthe‘smallads.’whichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstance,youcanfindajob,buyorsellahouse,announceabirth,marriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe‘hatch,matchanddispatch’columnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonalor‘agony’column.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis!6.Whatismainideaofthispassage?A.Advertisement.B.Thebenefitsofadvertisement.C.Advertisersperformausefulservicetocommunities.D.Thecostsofadvertisement.7.TheattitudeoftheauthortowardadvertisersisA.appreciative.B.trustworthy.C.critical.D.dissatisfactory.8.Whydothecriticscriticizeadvertisers?A.Becauseadvertisersoftenbrag.B.Becausecriticsthinkadvertisementisa“wasteofmoney”.C.Becausecustomersareencouragedtobuymorethannecessary.D.Becausecustomerspaymore.9.WhichofthefollowingisNotTrue?A.Advertisementmakescontributiontoourpocketsandwemayknoweverything.B.Wecanbuywhatwewant.C.Goodqualityproductsdon’tneedtobeadvertised.D.Advertisementmakesourlifecolorful.10.ThepassageisA.Narration.B.Description.C. Criticism.D.Argumentation.PARTTHREEPassage1Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,or–independentlyofanycourse–simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarformbeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.1.Accordingtothepassage,‘scientificsubculture’means[A]culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientists.[B]peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited.[C]thescientificcommunity.[D]peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience.2.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause[A]itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists.[B]Scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife.[C]Scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture.[D]Itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience.3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho[A]areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience.[B]aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets.[C]workinastorehouseofdriedfacts.[D]wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience.4.Accordingtothispassage,[A]Englishisasexistlanguage.[B]onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasing rapidly.[C]womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage.[D]malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists.1.Thispassagemostprobablyis[A]abookreview.[B]theprefaceofabook.[C]thepostscriptofabook.[D]theconcludingpartofabook.Passage2Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.MysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisnoexception.Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.Buttheinsightgainedfrommysticcommunicationwithspiritsofwisekingshasalsohelpedboosttheprofitsofhisfivecompanies.Mysticismandprofitshavecometogethersincethe13thcenturyintroductionofIslamtoIndonesiabyIndianMoslemmerchants.Thosedevouttraders,called‘WaliUllah’or‘thoseclosetoGod,’energeticallyspreadbothtradeandreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.LegendsattributemagicpowerofforeknowledgetotheWaliUllah.Thesepowerswerebelievedtobegainedthroughmeditationandfasting.BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.‘Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.Ormaybethespiritswilltellusheshouldbehired.’Hadizikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.‘Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition.Thenyouhavetoapplythatintuitiontotheinformationyouhaveandworkhardtobesuccessful.’Mysticmeditationhelpedreverseabusinessslidehiscompaniesexperiencedinthemid-1980.Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,helostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.Puttingtherightpersonsintherightjobsandgainingconfidenceinhisbusinessdecisionswerethekeystoaturningaroundthathasbroughtexpansionandprofitability.ThemysticisminHandspike’sboardroomispartofagrowingmovementinIndonesiacalledKebatinan–the‘searchfortheinnerself.’Oneofhismanagers,YusufSoemado,whostudiedbusinessadministrationatHarvardUniversity,comparedtheideaofmysticmanagementtowesternsystemofpositivethinking.‘Willpowerandsubconsciousmindarerecognizedasimportantfactorsinbusiness.Suchapproachesaspsycho-cybernetics,Carnegie’sthinkandgrowthrates,orthepowerofpositivethinkingarewesternattemptstotapthesamehigherintelligencethatwecontactthroughmeditation,’hesaid.2.Whatisthemostimportantfactorintheirdoingbusiness?[A]Mysticism.[B]Religion.[C]Meditation.[D]Investment.3.Whomdotheyconsult?[A]ThespiritsofancientJavanesekings.[B]WaliUllah.[C]OldKings.[D]Carnegie.4.WhydidHadisikehastentoadd‘hiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnel managementsystems…’?[A]HethoughtMysticismwasnotsogoodasexpected.[B]Toshowtheytoofocusedonqualifications.[C]Toshowtheyhiredqualifiedpersons.[D]Toshowthepossibilityofcombinationofthescientificmanagementwithreligion.1.Accordingtothepassage,thefunctionofthemeditationis[A]togainprofitfromthegod.[B]togainpeaceofmindtomakedecision.[C]togainforeknowledge.[D]togainobjectiveconclusion.2.Whatdoes‘operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures’referto?[A]Adoptingthewesternwayofdoingbusiness.[B]Ordinarywayofdoingbusinesswithoutmeditationandfasting.[C]ContactwithGod.[D]Puttingrightpersonsintherightjobs.Passage3EducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent,andinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated‘becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompetingtherequirementforthedegree.AttritionatthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.’“Theresultsofourresearch”Dr.Tuckerconcluded,“didnotsupporttheseopinions.”1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.2.Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialities.3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.‘swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePh.D.‘sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.‘stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob. 1.Theauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthat[A]stepsshouldbetakentogetthedropoutsbacktocampus.[B]thefropoutsshouldreturntoalowerqualityschooltocontinuetheirstudy.[C]thePh.D.holderisgenerallyabetteradjustedpersonthanthedropout.[D]Thehighdropoutsrateislargelyattributabletothelackofstimulationonthepartoffacultymembers.2.Researchhasshownthat[A]DropoutsaresubstantiallybelowPh.D.‘sinfinancialattainment.[B]theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studies.[C]ThePh.D.candidateislikelytochangehisfieldofspecializationifhedropsout.[D]aboutone-thirdofthosewhostartPh.D.workdonotcompletetheworktoearnthedegree.3.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsforthePh.D.[A]isthemostfrequentreasonfordroppingout.[B]ismoredifficultforthesciencecandidatethanforthehumanitiescandidate.[C]isanessentialpartofmanyPh.D.programs.[D]doesnotvaryindifficultyamonguniversities.4.Afterreadingthearticle,onewouldrefrainfromconcludingthat[A]optimismreignsinregardtogettingPh.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.[B]aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.[C]collegesanduniversitiesemployasubstantialnumberofPh.D.dropouts.[D]Ph.D.‘sarenotearningwhattheydeserveinnonacademicpositions.5.Itcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesin[A]salaryforPh.D.toolow.[B]academicrequirementtoohigh.[C]salaryfordropoutstoohigh.[D]1000positions.PARTFOURPassage1Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefatalillnessescannowbecuredbymoderndrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbefore,everydaywewitnesstheincredibleslaughterofmen,womenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusthemotor-car!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledorhorriblykilledeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman’sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindasteering-wheel.Theyswear,theyareill-manneredandaggressive,willfulastwo-years-oldsandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrations,disappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving.Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietysmilessobenignlyonthemotoristandseemstocondonehisbehaviour.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytragic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistic,tobeconvenientlyforgotten.Itishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodriving,thelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofsomethethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmade farmoredifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstringentannualtestsforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson’sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglaws(wheretheyexist)shouldbemadmuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.Governmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationsformanufacturers,ashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbeconsideredastosevereiftitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afterall,theworldisforhumanbeings,notmotor-cars.1.Themainideaofthispassageis[A]Trafficaccidentsaremainlycausedbymotorists.[B]Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledeachyear.[C]Thelawsofsomecountriesaboutdrivingaretoolax.[D]Onlystrictertrafficlawscanpreventaccidents.2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsocietytowardmotorists?[A]Societysmilesonthemotorists.[B]Hugecarparksarebuiltinthecitiesandtowns.[C]Victimsofaccidentsarenothing.[D]Societycondonestheirrudedriving.3.Whydoestheauthorsay:’hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality?’[A]Drivingcanshowhisrealself.[B]Drivingcanshowtheotherpartofhispersonality.[C]Drivingcanbringouthischaracter.[D]Hiscarembodieshistemper.4.WhichofthefollowingsisNOTmentionedasawayagainsttrafficaccidents?[A]Buildmorehighways.[B]Stricterdrivingtests.[C]Testdriverseverythreeyears.[D]raiseagelimitandlaydownsafetyspecifications.5.Theattitudeoftheauthoris[A]ironical[B]critical[C]appealing[D]militantPassage2Policefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5,000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.Morethan135,000demonstratorsconfrontedpoliceontheconstructionsiteofa1,000-megawattnuclearpowerplantscheduledtoprovidepowertomostofsouthernNewHampshire.Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaid,theprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedarea,wouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebay,andhadnoacceptablemeansfordisposingofitsradioactivewasters.Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse.GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.“Thisprojectwillbeginontimeandthepeopleofthisstatewillbegintoreceiveitsbenefitsonschedule.Thosewhobreakthelawinmisguidedattemptstosabotagetheprojectwillbedealtwithaccordingtothelaw,”hesaid.Andpolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances.TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughpolicelinesaroundthecordoned-offconstructionsite.Theycarriedplacardsthatread“NoNukesisGoodNukes,”“Sunpower,NotNuclearPower,”and“StopPrivateProfitsfromPublicPeril.”Theydefiedpoliceordertomovefromthearea.Teargascanistersfiredbypolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadcome preparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallygas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.Theprotestorsdidnotresistpolice,butrefusedtowalkawayundertheirownpower.Thosearrestedwouldbechargedwithunlawfulassembly,trespassing,anddisturbingthepeace.6.Whatwerethedemonstratorsprotestingabout?[A]Privateprofits.[B]NuclearPowerStation.[C]Theprojectofnuclearpowerconstruction.[D]Publicperil.7.Whohadgas-masks?[A]Everybody.[B]Apartoftheprotestors.[C]Policemen.[D]BothBandC.8.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasareasonforthedemonstration?[A]Publictransportation.[B]Publicperil.[C]Pollution.[D]Disposalofwastes.9.Withwhomwerethejailsandcourtsoverloaded?[A]Withprisoners.[B]Witharresteddemonstrators.[C]Withcriminals.[D]Withprotestors.10.WhatistheattitudeofGovernorStanforthThumpertowardthepowerprojectandthedemonstration?[A]stubborn.[B]insistent.[C]insolvable.[D]remissible.Passage3PresidentArlinghasputhislongawaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.Itprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationreforms,andtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears.ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhilefederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs.TheRepublicans,however,decryeventhemodest,graduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.Theywanttaxcutsandmoreopenmarket.Theysayiffederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomy,letitthroughdefencespending.Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecond-classcitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvances,thenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothis,noamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvest,thatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors.SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepassed,itisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynow,wemaynotgetasecondchance. 11.ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison[A]investment.[B]economy.[C]technology.[D]tax.12.WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?[A]Theywantamoredirectaction.[B]Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.[C]Theywanttorebuildindustry.[D]Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.13.Whatistheeditor’sattitude?[A]support.[B]distaste.[C]Disapproval.[D]Compromise.14.Thedangertotheplanliesin[A]thetwoparties’objection.[B]differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplan.[C]itspassage.[D]distortion.15.Thepassageis[A]areview.[B]apreface.[C]aadvertisement.[D]aneditorial.PARTFIVEPassage1TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethattheGovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek:“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.1.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto[A]providemorejobsforforeignworkers.[B]slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment.[C]selltheoilitisproducing abroad.[D]developmorequicklythanatpresent.2.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto[A]encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources.[B]preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway.[C]helptheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems.[D]keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize.3.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto[A]thedevelopmentofindustry.[B]agrowthinpopulation.[C]thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme.[D]thedevelopmentofnewtowns.4.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe[A]alargereductiononunemployment.[B]agrowthinthetouristindustry.[C]areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries.[D]thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries.5.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause[A]theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal.[B]theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal.[C]theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety.[D]theyregardoilasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Passage2Whydoescreamgobadfasterthanbutter?Someresearchersthinktheytheanswer，anditcomesdowntothestructureofthefood，notitschemicalcomposition-afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.Creamandbuttercontainprettymuchthesamesubstances，sowhycreamshouldsourmuchfasterhasbeenamystery.Bothareemulsions-tinyglobules(小球)ofoneliquidevenlydistributedthroughoutanother.Thedifferenceliesinwhat"sintheglobulesandwhat"sinthesurroundingliquid，saysBrocklehurst，wholedtheinvestigation.Incream，fattyglobulesandwhat"sinthesurroundingliquid，saysBrocklehurst，wholedtheinvestigation.Incream，fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter，globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture.”Thismeansthatincream，thebacteriaarefreetogrowthroughoutthemixture，”hesays.Whenthesituationisreversed，thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartments(密封仓)burieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway，individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients.Theyalsoslowlypoisonthemselveswiththeirwasteproducts.”Inbutter，yougetaself-limitingsystemwhichstopsthebacteriagrowing，”saysBrocklehurst.Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood"sstructure.Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream，forinstance，morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.6.ThesignificanceofBrocklehurst"sresearchisthat______.A)itsuggestedawaytokeepsomefoodsfreshwithoutpreservativesB)itdiscoveredtinyglobulesinbothcreamandbutterC)itrevealedthesecretofhowbacteriamultiplyincreamandbutterD)itfoundthatcreamandbuttersharethesamechemicalcomposition7.Accordingtotheresearchers.creamsoursfasterthanbutterbecausebacteria_____.A)aremoreevenlydistributedincreamB)multiplymoreeasilyincreamthanisbutterC)liveonlessfatincreamthaninbutterD)producelesswasteincreamthaninbutter8.AccordingtoBrocklehurst，wecankeepcreamfreshby______.A)removingitsfatB)killingthebacteriaC)reducingitswatercontentD)alteringitsstructure9.Theword“colonies”(Line2，Para.4)refersto______.A)tinyglobulesB)wateryregions C)bacteriacommunitiesD)littlecompartments10.Commercialapplicationoftheresearchfindingwillbepossibleifsaladcreamcanbemaderesistanttobacterialattack______.A)byvaryingitschemicalcompositionB)byturningitintoasolidlumpC)whilekeepingitsstructureunchangedD)whileretainingitsliquidformPassage3Amtrak(美国铁路客运公司)wasexperiencingadownswinginridership(客运量)alongthelinescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDBNeedham，werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.Atonetime，trainsweretheonlypracticalwaytocrossthevastareasofthewest.Trainswerefast，ver，"luxurious，andquiteconvenientcomparedtootherformsoftransportationexistingatthetime.However，timeschangeandtheautomolilebecameAmerica"sstandardofconvenience.Also，airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.Therefore，thetaskforDDBNeedhamwastoencourageconsumerstoconsiderotheraspectsoftraintravelinordertochangetheirattitudesandincreasethelikelihoodthattrainswouldbeconsideredfortravelinthewest.Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:1)anxiousfliers-thoseconcermedwithsafety，relaxation，andcleanlinessand2)travel-lovers-thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed，casual，andinterestedinthetravelecperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendevelopedacampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom，escape，relaxation，andenjoymentofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder，etc.).Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder.Whichwasfocusedoninonead.enjoyeda15percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicagotoSeattleroute.11.What"stheauthor"spurposeinwritingthispassage?A)Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience.B)TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica"sstandardofconvenience.C)Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion.D)Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommuniationinchangingconsum-erattitudes.12.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat______.A)trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportationB)trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportationC)trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobeD)trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenience13.Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain，DDBNeedhamemphasized______.A)thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrains B)thepracticalaspestsoftravelC)theadventurousaspectsoftraintripsD)thesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintrips14.Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericabecause______.A)theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiencesB)theycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprogramsC)theirprofitscouldbeincreasedbysome15percentD)mosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongtheaudiences15.Accordingtothepassage，theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofitsbecause______.A)theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertisedB)itprovidedanexcitingtravelexperienceC)itspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoorsD)itwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersandmagazinesinChicagoandSeattlePartII.VocabularyandStructureDirections:Inthissectionthereare15incompletesentences.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence,ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PARTONE16.Youngchildren____aforeignlanguagefairlyquickly.A.pickupB.followupC.stepupD.makeup17.Myenergy____graduallywithage.A.lessonsB.lessensC.predictsD.installs18.Thelifeofapolicemandoesn’tappeal____me.A.forB.againstC.toD.upon　19.Everybodypresentwillfeelfreetoproducehisownopinions.“Produce”can’tbereplacedby_______.A.advanceB.offerC.turnoutD.putforward20.Apatriotisalways_____tohiscountry.A.royalB.priorC.loyalD.inferior21.Ithinkyouareprejudiced______Linda.A.againstB.forC.atD.of22.I’mnotspeakingofthespecialists,butofthecommonpeople,suchas_______. A.I,youorheB.he,youorIC.you,IorheD.you,himorme20._____withthespeedofaspaceship,thefastestjetplanedoesn’tseemfastatall.A.ComparingB.CompareC.WhilecomparingD.Whencompared21.Withallhisachievementsheremainsmodestandprudent.“With”canbereplacedby_____.A.AccordingtoB.BecauseofC.InspiteofD.Onaccountof22.Itwas_____thatIcouldn’ttearmyselfawayfromit.a)suchinterestingafilmB.asuchinterestingfilmC.soaninterestingfilmD.sointerestingafilm23.Shedeclaredthatshehadinventedaveryefficientengine,_____wasuntrue.A.thatB.sheC.whichD.this24.Thewholecaseforthedefensenow____theevidenceofoneperson----thewitnessoftheaccident.Whichofthefollowingcan’tbeusedhere?A.restsonB.isbasedonC.dependsonD.takeson28.Thereis____inpersuadingthemtochangetheirattitudes.A.ofnouseB.ofanygoodC.notmuchpointD.withoutanypoint29.Someoldpeopleuseartificialteeth,butsomedon’t.“Artificial”canbereplacedby____.A.genuineB.unnaturalC.falseD.untrue30.Almostallathletes____beforeacompetition.A.warmupB.watchoutC.stayupD.sleeponPARTTWO16.Itisthosepeoplewho_____mostangryatwhatisgoingonatuniversitycampuses.A.isB.wasC.wereD.are17.Hishandwritingis______yours.A.morebetterB.aswellasC.muchbetterthan A.asbetteras18.Idon’tthinkyouhaveheardofhimbefore,______?A.don’tIB.doIC.haveyouD.haven’tyou19.Sallyseldomdoesherhomeworkinthemorning,______.A.sodoesJerryB.JerryistooC.neitherdoesJerryD.Jerrydoesn’ttoo20.Yesterdaywewenttothestoreandboughtsome______.A.piecesoffurnitureB.furnituresC.pieceoffurnitureD.piecesoffurnitures21.Amongtheforeignersaretwo_____andfour_____.A.Japaneses,GermansB.Japanese,GermansC.Japaneses,GermenD.Japanese,Germen22.Manydevelopedcountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsof___.A.sourceB.powerC.energyD.material23.Whenwearrivedatthecrossroad,wewentthewrong______.A.directionB.wayC.roadD.street24.Don’tyuounoticeyou’vedropped______“s”intheword.A.theB.anC.aD./25.Mymotherboughtmeacoatwhosepricewas______.A.expensiveB.cheapC.highD.much26.______English,shealsostudiesFrenchandGerman.A.Beside A.ExceptB.ExceptforC.Besides27.Theywonfourdogsandtwocats.Onecatwasapresentfrom_____.A.IandmywifeB.mywifeandmeC.meandmywifeD.mywifeandI28.Hardworkleads_____successandfailurelies______laziness.A./,toB.up,inC.to,inD.to,on29.Heapologized______havingtakenmydictionary______mistake.A.to,withB.for,withC.to,byD.for,by30.Electionstakeplace______fouryearsinthatcountry.A.otherB.eachC.everyD.theotherPARTTHREE16.Inspringandsummer,themostpopular______istennis.A.workB.activityC.gamesD.sport17.Don’tforgettoposttheletterforme,_____?A.doyouB.willyouC.areyouD.canyou18.Haveyou_____Mr.Smithlately?A.heardB.heardofC.heardfromD.education19.HehasbeenteachingEnglishfor20years.Hehas_____.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperience A.littleexperienceB.fewexperience20.Ihaven’tgotasingle______frommyfamilyeversinceIfelthome.A.newsB.informationC.adviceD.message21.Icouldhardlyrecognizehis____onthephone.A.soundB.noiseC.voiceD.talk22.Workcanbe_____funifitinterestsyou.A.aB.anC.theD./23.Theoldmanlives_____inasmallvillage.Sometimeshefeels_____.A.alone,lonelyB.alone,aloneC.lonely,aloneD.lonely,lonely24.MissPinkpulledLindaby____hair.A./B.herC.hersD.the25.Weusuallyput“_____turly”attheendofaletter.A.YoursB.YourC.YouD.Your’s26.Onherwayhome,shewascaught____therain.A.onB.inC.byD.with27.Insummer,thetemperatureheresometimes_____toashighas40.A.raisesB.risesC.liftsD.putsup28._____dotheirhomeworkcarefully.A.Noallstudents A.NotallthestudentsB.NonethestudentsC.Noteverystudent29.Hurryup______youwillnotbeabletocatchthebus.A.thenB.ifC.asD.or30.Fewforeignerslearnhowtoeat_____chopsticks.A.byB.onC.withD.forPARTFOUR16.Wemust_____allpossiblewaysofincreasingfoodprouction.A.extendB.insertC.involveD.explore17.Hardly_____whentheyrantowardit.A.hadtheplanelandedB.didtheplanelandC.theplanehadlandedD.theplanelanded18.Whatdoyouprefer,____or____.A.tomatos,potatosB.tomatos,potatoesC.tomatoes,potatoesD.tomatoes,potatos19.Iopenedtheletterandfound_____.A.animportantinformationB.importantinfromationsC.soemimportantinformationsD.someimportantinformation20.Therearetreeson______sideofthestreet.A.eitherB.bothC.everyD.all21.My_____ofhappinessisquitedifferentfromtheirs.A.feelingB.mind A.ideaB.sense22._____catsand____tigersbelongtothesamefamily.A.The,/B./,theC./,/D.The,the23.Thenewsis_____good.Butithinkit_____goodtobelieve.A.rater,tooB.fairly,tooC.very,soD.so,to24.Icut______whileshavingthismorning.A.meB.IC.MyselfD.The25._____isthegardenthathasfinestrawberriesin,buttheonesin_____arenotsogood.A.Our,theirsB.Ours,themC.Ours,theirsD.Ourselves,theirs26.Thethiefranaway______hesawthepolice.A.themomentB.inamomentC.atthemeomentD.forthemoment27.Thechemistryteacher______preparingfortheexerimentonenteringthelab.A.setaboutB.setoutC.setoffD.setup28.I’vegot______holiday.Let’sgoforanouting.A.anothertwodays’B.othertwodaysC.twootherdaysD.anotherdays29.Thecryingchildsooncheerup______thesightofhisparents.A.atB.inC.forD.on30.______hergreatsurprise,shefoundherwalletlost. A.InB.OnC.AtD.ToPARTFIVE16.Withoutair,therewouldbenoatmospheretoprotectus_____thesun’srays.A.fromB.underC.toD.in17.Ithasnotyetbeendecided______themeetingistobeheld.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.which18.Hewasinpoorhealth.Hecouldnotmakehisvoice______.A.hearB.tohearC.heardD.tobeheard19.Thereareten_____inthatschool.A.womanteacherB.womenteacherC.womenteachersD.womanteachers20.There’s_____onhisface.A.eggsB.aneggC.eggD.aegg21.Imetsome_____intheparktheotherday.A.GermanB.ItaliansC.JapanesesD.French22.______Englsihstudentwentto______cityin____southofAustralia.A./,a,theB.The,a,aC.An,the,aD.An,a,the23.Isawa_____goodfilmtheotherdayanditleftmeadeepimpression.A.lovely A.prettyB.niceC.beautiful24.Ispent______moneyontheskirt,whichis______largeforme.A.muchtoo,toomuchB.toomuch,muchtooC.muchtoo,muchtooD.toomuch,toomuch25.Iwantedsomebreadbuttherewas______inthedrawer.A.noneB.nothingC.ononeD.notthing26.______ofuslikesfootball.A.EveryB.EveryoneC.EveryoneD.Some27.Thechildrensit______abusandputtheirbags_____them.A.infrontof,infrontofB.inthefrontof,infrontofC.inthefrontof,inthefrontofD.infrontof,inthefrontof28.Don’tlosehope.Have______try.A.oneB.otherC.anotherD.theother29.Marywas_____whenshewaslaughedatinpublic.A.woundedB.injuredC.hurtD.harmed30.There’snothing______akeyinthisbagwhilethatbagisfull______money.A.only,ofB.just,withC.at,withD.but,ofPartIII.ClozeDirection:Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheOneanswerthatbestcompletesthepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter. PARTONEManypeoplethinkthatthe31trendistowardstoolittlesleep.To32onemedicalopinion,“Thousandsofpeopledrift33lifesufferingfromtheeffectsoftoolittlesleep;the34isnotthattheycan’tsleepbutthattheyjustdon’t.”Whatcouldbedisastrousisthatweshould35sleeponlytogainmoretimeinwhichtoendangerourcivilizationbyactionsanddecisionsmadeweakbyfatigueandtension.Therearealsothosewhobelievethatmostpeopleare36tosleeptoomuch.Dr.H.Robertsclaims.“Itmaysafelybesaidthat,justasthemajorityeattoomuch,sothemajoritysleeptoomuch.”Onecanseethepointifthisalso;itwouldbeapityto37downourdevelopmentby38backthosepeoplewhoaregiftedenoughtoworkandplaywellwithlessthanthe39amountofsleep,ifindeeditdoesthemno40.31.A.currentB.popularC.fashionableD.supreme32.A.talkB.seeC.quoteD.observe33.A.duringB.throughC.beforeD.after34.A.reasonB.opinionC.causeD.rule35.A.sacrificeB.takeC.killD.get36.A.tiredB.advisedC.boredD.excited37.A.lookB.takeC.putD.slow38.A.fightingB.puttingC.payingD.holding39.A.minorB.averageC.majorD.superior40.A.goodB.rightC.harmD.wrongPARTTWOWhenyouwritealetteror31elephonecall,yourwordscarryamessage.Peoplecommunicatewithwords.Doyouthinkyoucancommunicate32words?Asmileonyourfaceshowsyouare33.Tearsinyoureyestell34thatyouaresad.Whenyou35yourhandinclass,theteacherknowsyouwanttosaysomething36askquestions.Youshakeyourhead,andpeopleknowyouaresayingno.Younodandpeopleknowyouaresayingyes.Otherthingscanalsocarrymessages.Forexample,asignatthebuststophelpsyoutoknowwhichbus37.Asignonthewallofyourschoolhelpyoutofindthelibrary.Signsondoorstellyouwheretogoinorout.38youever noticedthattherearealotofsignsaroundyouandthatyoureceivemessagesfromthem39?Peoplecancommunicateinmanyotherways.40artistcanusehisdrawingstotellaboutbeautifulmountains,abouttheblueseaandmanyotherthings.31.A.readB.makeC.doD.get32.A.byB.withC.useD.without33.A.sorryandsadB.worriedandfrightenedC.happyandfriendlyD.tiredandangry34.A.othersB.theothersC.otherD.theother35.A.putB.putoutC.putupD.putdown36.A.whenB.orC.butD.if37.A.togetB.tochooseC.tohaveD.totake38.A.DoB.DidC.HadD.Have39.A.duringthetimeB.ontimeC.allthetimeD.atthattime40.A.TheB.AnC.AD.SomePARTTHREETelevisionbroadcastsarelimitedtoanareathatiswthinthe31ofthesendingstationoritsrelay.32televisionrelaysareoftenplacedonhillsandmountainssothattheycan33awiderregion,theystillcannotcoverasmuchaspeopleexpect.However,theraysalsogooutintotheatmosphere.__34__thereisarelaystationonastaellitethatrevolvesaroundtheearth,itcansendthepicturestoanypointontheearthfromwhichthestatellitecanbe35.Threesatelliteperiodicallyturningaroundovertheequatorwillsend36televisionprogramtoanypartofthetheearth.Thismakesitpossibleforworld37ofnewspaperstogivethenewsinallcountriesatthesametime.Somedayitmaybepossibleforasubscribertoatelevisednewspapertopressabottonandseeanewspaperpage38histelevisionscreen.Hecouldalsodecidewhenhewantsthepage39.Moreover,bydialingdifferentnumberssuchas40onatelephonedial,hecouldchoosethelanguageortheeditionofthepaperhewantstoread.31.A.rangeB.viewC.milesD.distance32.A.EvenB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.Whenever33.A.coverB.spreadC.helpD.pass34.A.ThenB.ThereforeC.SoD.If35.A.watchedB.seenC.spottedD.protected36.A.oneB.allC.someD.any37.A.populationB.editionsC.articlesD.reports38.A.atB.inC.onD.by39.A.turnB.toturnC.turiningD.tobeturned40.A.whatB.theseC.thoseD.onesPARTFOURInatelephonesurveyofmorethan2，000adults，21%saidtheybelievedthesun revolved(旋转)aroundtheearth.An317%didnotknowwhichrevolvedaroundwhichIhavenodoubtthat32allofthesepeopleweretaughtinschoolthattheearthrevolvesaroundthesun33mayevenhavewrittenitonatest.Buttheynever34theirincorrectmentalmodelsofplanetary(行星的)motionbecausetheireverydayobservationsdidn"tsupport35theirteacherstoldthem:Peopleseethesun“movingacrosstheskyasmorningturnstonight，andtheearthseemsstationary(静止的)36thatishappening.Studentscanlearntherightanswersbyheartinclass，andyetnevercombinedthem37theirworkingmodelsoftheworld.Theobjectivelycorrectanswertheprofessoracceptsandthestudent’spersonalunderstandingoftheworldCan38sidebyside，eachunaffectedbytheother.Outsideofclass，thestudentcontinuestousethepersonalmodelbecauseithasalwaysworkedwell39thatcircumstance.Unlessprofessorsaddressspecificerrorsinstudents"personalmodelsoftheworld,studentsarenot40toreplacethemwiththecorrectone.31.A)excessiveB)extraC)additionalD)added32.A)virtuallyB)remarkablyC)ideallyD)preferably33.A)thoseB)theseC)whoD)they34.A)formedB)alteredC)believedD)thought35.A)howB)whichC)thatD)what36.A)sinceB)soC)whileD)for37.A)withB)intoC)toD)along38.A)existB)occurC)surviveD)maintain39.A)inB)withC)onD)for40.A)obligedB)likelyC)probableD)partialPARTFIVEThecommoncoldisfamiliartoeveryone.Peopleoftencatchcoldin31winterorspring.Theymanyalsocatchcoldatothertimes32theyear.Apersonwithabadcoldusuallybuyssome33ofmedicine.Pharmacieshavemanymedicinesforacold.However,doctors34thatthesemedicinesdonothelpverymuch.Theysaythat35personwithabadcoldshouldstayinbed,keepwarm,anddrinkalotofwater.In1928anEnglishdoctorwasworkinginhislaboratoryinLondonhospital.Thedoctor’sname36AlexanderFleming.Onedayhefoundatinybitofmold37adishthathewasusinginhiswork.Hestarted38throwthemoldaway.Thenhemoticedthatitseemedunusual.He39themoldandstudieditforalongtime.He40thatitcouldkillgerms.Henameditpenicillin.31.A.aB.theC.someD.none 32.A.atB.fromC.ofD.on33.A.kindB.setC.quantityD.deal34.A.tellB.speakC.talkD.say35.A.manyB.someC.aD.one36.A.isB.wasC.calledD.be37.A.inB.amongC.aboveD.into38.A.toB.andC.butD.by39.A.keptB.keepsC.keepD.keeping40.A.knewB.studiedC.inventedD.discoveredPartIV.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese.Direction:Thereare3sentencesinthispart.ForeachsentenceyoushouldtranslateitintostandardChinese.PARTONE1，Hebeganaverycarefultrainingprogram.2，Hefelthisheartpounding.3，Hehadneverexperiencedthesefeelings.PARTTWO1，ThatwasthesmartestthingIeverdid.2，Namesbecomeattachedtospecificimages.3，Ifyournamenolongerseemstofityou,don"tdespair.PARTTHREE1，Yourparentsprobablymeantyournametolastalifetime.2，MynamehasalwaysmademethinkIshouldbeacook.3，AmericanmenthoughtSusantobethemostattractivefemalename.PARTFOUR1，Atthesametime,hewasinlovewithawomanwhomhehadmetinCanada.2，Itissaidthathehadusedhiswife"sarmasthemodel.3，Heinstantlyrosetofamein1930withhispainting.PARTFIVE1，Thepaintingshowsamanandawomanstandinginfrontofafarmhouse.2，"US"wasshortfor"UncleSam".3，Helikedtopaintfacesheknewwell.PartV.WritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowedtowriteacomposition.Youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow.Setthetopicbyyourself. PARTONE1.有人认为人生活在象北京,上海一样的大城市好2.有人认为还是生活在中小城市好3,你的看法PARTTWO1.有人认为受教育是一生的(lifelong)事情2.其他人认为受教育是青年时期,在学校中的事情3,你的看法PARTTHREE谈谈因特网(Internet)对人类的作用,包括:1.有哪几个方面的作用2.你自己的亲身感受3.还有那些发展的空间PARTFOUR1.我认为目前大学生最需要的素质是...2.为什么需要这样的素质PARTFIVE1.有人认为旅行是为了扩大视野(enlargethehorizon)2.有人认为旅行就是为了开心3.你的看法'