GB 5206.5-85 色漆和清漆词汇第五部分 涂料及涂膜病态术语.pdf 12页

'中华人民共和国国家标准色漆和清漆词汇第五部分涂料及涂膜病态术语Paintsandvarnishes-Vocabulary-Part5:TerminologyrelatingtodefectsofcoatingsandfilmsGB5206.5-91国家技术监督局批准并发布1991-08-24批准1992-08-01实施 本标准参照采用国际标准ISO4618/2-1984《色漆和清漆—词汇—第2部分:关于起始病态和老化期间漆膜不良变化的术语》。主题内容与适用范围本标准规定了色漆和清漆病态的术语及其定义(或说明)。本标准适用于涂料的生产、应用、科研、教学、出版及编制标准等，也可供在国内外有关的技术业务交往中使用。6涂料及涂膜病态术语6.1发浑clouding清漆、清油或稀释剂由于不溶物析出而呈现云雾状不透明现象。6.2原漆变色discolorationofpaintsorvarnishes涂料在贮存过程中，由于某些成分的化学或物理变化或者与容器发生化学反应而偏离其初始颜色的现象。6.3增稠thickening涂料在贮存过程中，通常由于稀释剂的损失而引起的稠度增高现象。6.4变稠fattening色漆在贮存过程中，由于组分之间发生化学反应而引起的稠度增高(不一定增加到不能使用的程度)，体积膨胀的现象。同义词:变厚;发胀6.5肝化livering;feeding涂料的稠度已增加到必须经过量稀释后才能使用或仍难以使用的程度。这是由于涂料的漆基胶化或色漆组分之间的化学反应而造成的。注:肝化的英文名称livening对于色漆和清漆均适用，feeding只适用于色漆6.6絮凝flocculation在色漆或分散体中形成附聚体的现象。6.7胶化gelling涂料从液态变为不能使用的固态或半固态的现象。6.8晶析partialcrystallisation含有松香组分的醇溶性清漆或油基清漆，在贮存过程中松香等局部结晶析出的现象。6.9结皮skinning涂料在容器中，由于氧化聚合作用，其液面上形成皮膜的现象。6.10沉淀settling涂料在贮存过程中，其固体组分下沉至容器底部的现象。同义词:沉底;沉降6.11结块caking色漆中颜料、体质颜料等颗粒沉淀成用搅拌不易再分散的致密块状物。6.12有粗粒seedy涂料在贮存过程中展现出的粗颗粒(即少许结皮、凝胶、凝聚体或外来粗粒)。吕2 6.13返粗pigskin色漆在贮存过程中，由于颜料的絮凝而使研磨细度变差的现象。6.14发花floating含有多种不同颜料混合物的色漆在贮存或干燥过程中，一种或几种颜料离析或浮出并在色漆或漆膜表面集中呈现颜色不匀的条纹和斑点等现象。6.15浮色flooding发花的极端状况。某些颜料浮升至表面，虽漆膜表面颜色均匀一致，但明显地不同于刚施涂时的湿膜颜色。6.16起气泡bubbling涂料在施涂过程中形成的空气或溶剂蒸气等气体或两者兼有的泡，这种泡在漆膜千燥过程中可以消失，也可以永久存在。6.17针孔pin-holes一种在漆膜中存在着类似于用针刺成的细孔的病态。它是由于湿漆膜中混人的空气泡和产生的其他气泡破裂，且在漆膜干燥〔固化**能流平而造成Ak由于底材处理或施涂不当(漆膜过厚等)而造成。6.18起皱wrinkling漆膜呈现多少有规律的小波幅波纹形式的皱纹，它可深及部分或全部膜厚。皱纹的大小和密集率可随漆膜组成及成膜时条件(包括温度、湿膜厚度和犬气烤染惰况)而变化。注:某些装饰性漆是专门配制成使漆膜产生大体上有规律性的皱纹。英义同义词有ctinld吨}6.19桔皮orangeskin漆膜呈现桔皮状外观的表面病态。喷涂施工(尤其底材为平面)时，易出现此病态。6.20发白blushing有光涂料干燥过程中，漆膜上有时呈现吩乳白色的现象。一这是由于空气中水气在湿漆膜表面凝露和(或)涂料中的一种或多种固态组分析出而引起的[参见“防白牲"(GB5206.4第5.33条))o6.21流挂runs;sags;curtains涂料施涂于垂直面上时，由于其抗流挂性差或施涂不当、漆膜过厚等原因而使湿漆膜向下移动，形成各种形状Th缘厚的不均匀捺层。注:流挂可申整个垂直面上涂料下坠而造成的似幕帘状漆膜外观，亦称落状流挂(se龄;curtains);也可由局部窄缝或钉眼等处的过量涂料造成的窄条状下坠，亦称条状流挂(tuns),泪状流挂丈tear)是条状流挂的一种特殊形式。6.22丝纹ropiness在湿漆膜表面呈现的近似平行的线状条纹，且在漆膜干燥之后这种条纹仍然存在。这是由某些施涂方法而带来的一种病态。如在浸涂或流徐时，丝纹是沿着流动的方向出现;在刷涂时，丝纹则沿最后刷涂漆膜的刷涂方向出现。6.23刷痕brushmark.刷涂后，在干漆膜上留下的一条条脊状条纹现象。这是由于涂料干燥过快，猫度过大，漆刷太粗硬，刷涂方法不当等原因使漆膜不能流平而引起的。 6.24收缩cissing漆膜的若干部位呈现出程度不同、分布状态各异的厚薄不匀的外观。这是由于湿漆膜与底材(或干漆膜)间的界面张力太大、润湿性小，底材表面处理不好、含有油污湿气，喷涂时管线混人油水等而引起的。注:底材边缘部位漆膜变薄或无漆膜的现象称为缩边;漆膜上出现若干小圆孔状的收缩称为缩孔(参见第6.25条);蠕动(crawling)是一种明显的收缩形式。6.25缩孔cratering漆膜干燥后仍滞留的若干大小不等、分布各异的圆形小坑的现象。此病态俗称为麻坑〔点〕〕6.26厚边fatedge涂料在涂漆面边缘堆积呈现脊状隆起，使干漆膜边缘过厚的现象。这是由于不正确的施涂而造成的。6.27蠕流creeping湿漆膜自然流展而超出原涂漆区的现象。6.28漏涂区二ss在某些应涂漆部位而完全没有漆膜形成的一种病态。通常由于涂漆操作未按规定而造成。同义词:漏涂点英文同义词:holidays6.29接痕lappingdefect在同一天的涂漆过程中，由于涂漆先后不同，而在底材上各漆区的边缘接搓处呈现凸起的现象。6.30堆漆piling千燥很快的漆，在刷涂操作过程中由于变得非常私稠，致使漆膜厚而不匀的现象。6.31咬底lifting在干漆膜上施涂其同种或不同种涂料时，在涂层施涂或干燥期间使其下的干漆膜发生软化、隆起或从底材上脱离的现象(通常的外观如起皱)。6.32渗色bleeding来自下层(底材或漆膜)的有色物质，进人并透过上层漆膜的扩散过程.因而使漆膜呈现不希望有的着色或变色。6.33不盖底non-hiding涂于底面(不论已涂漆与否)上的色漆，干燥后仍透露出底面的颜色的现象。同义词:露底show-through6.34残余猫性residualtack干燥〔固化〕后的漆膜表面仍滞留钻性的一种病态。同义词:残留豁性6.35闪光flashing局部漆膜(尤其在接搓处)光泽高于整体漆膜光泽的现象‘通常由于漆膜厚薄不匀引起。84 6.36渗出exudation漆膜表面析出漆基的一种或多种液态组分的现象。渗出液似油状且发勃o同义词:(发汗)(sweating)注:无光漆漆膜呈现出光泽现象，通常也是因为漆膜发生此病态所致。此病态应与来自潮湿空气的水分在较冷漆面(例如涂漆墙面)上冷凝的现象相区分。6.37干酪化。heesy漆膜虽已充分千燥，但仍相当软且机械性能差的现象。通常是由于涂料配制不当而引起。6.38表面粗糙bittyappearance漆膜干燥后，其整个或局部表面分布着不规则形状的凸起颗粒的现象。这是由于涂料贮存时发生结皮、絮凝以及施工时尘土、砂粒进入湿漆膜等原因引起的。同义词:起粒6.39积尘dirtretention干漆膜表面滞留尘垢等异粒的现象。6.40起霜花frosting漆膜表面呈现许多多边形或蛛网形细皱纹的现象。同义词:起晶纹6.41污气网纹gaschecking漆膜在干燥过程中，由于受到一氧化碳、二氧化碳丫二氧化硫等烟雾污气笼罩，其表面出现图样清晰的网状皱纹现象。6.42爆孔popping由于底材上一些活性物颖粒爆发，致使其上已部分固化的漆膜出现一个个圆锥形坑穴的现象。6.43泛金光bronzing色漆漆膜表面颜色转现出古铜色金属光泽的现象。6.44漆膜变色discolorationoffilm漆膜的颜色因气候环境的影响而偏离其初始颜色的现象。它可包括褪色、变深、黄变、漂白、变白等。6.45褪色fading色漆漆膜的颜色因受气候环境的影响而逐渐变浅的现象。这主要是由于色漆中颜料(尤其是某些有机颜料)在紫外线作用下发生褪色而引起的。6.46漂白bleaching色漆漆膜因经受酸碱等化学作用，致使其颜色逐渐变浅，最终完全变白的现象。这主要是由于色漆中颜料发生化学作用而分解，失去原有色彩所造成的。6.47黄变yellowing漆膜在老化过程中出现的颜色变黄倾向。同义词:泛黄6.48变深darkening色漆漆膜的颜色因受气候环境的影响而逐渐变深、变暗〔黑)的现象。这主要是由于漆85 基颜色因受紫外线辐射而变黄、变深，以及含铅颜料与大气中存在的硫蒸气或硫化氢气体发生化学反应生成黑色硫化铅而造成的。6.4，破坏perishing漆膜在老化过程中呈现的各种性能变坏的现象。例如有漆膜强度、柔韧性、附着力等降低，或出现粉化、开裂和剥落等现象。6.51)起霜bloom在原来有光泽的漆膜表面上呈现乳白色似霜附着物的现象。在起霜的初始阶段很容易用湿布将霜擦去。同义词:起雾6.51失光lossofgloss漆膜的光泽因受气候环境的影响而降低的现象。同义词:倒光英文同义词:dulling;lostofgloss6.52变白whitening漆膜经受水、汽油等液体浸泡后，由于发生蜂窝状的溶胀，而使其表面呈现乳白色的现象。轻微的变白会随液体挥发而消失;严重的变白，即使液体挥发后，漆膜也不能恢复原状。6.53溶胀swelling漆膜经受液体浸泡后，由于液体渗人整个漆膜，而使其发生增厚、变软的现象。同义词:膨胀;泡涨6.54软化。ftening漆膜经受液体漫泡后，由于溶胀而硬度明显变低的现象。同义词:发软6.55起泡blistering涂层因局部失去附着力而离开基底(底材或其下涂层)鼓起，使漆膜呈现似圆形的凸起变形。泡内可含液体、燕气、其他气体或结晶物。6.56开裂creaking漆膜出现不连续的外观变化。通常是由于漆膜老化而引起。它的比较重要的几种形式如下。6.56.1微裂hail-cracking很细浅的表面裂纹且分布不规则的一种开裂形式。同义词:发丝裂6.56.2细裂checking细浅的表面裂纹且大体上以有规则的图案分布于漆膜上的一种开裂形式。同义词:网状细裂6.56.3小裂crazing类似于细裂，但其裂纹较为深宽。6.56.4深裂deepcracks裂纹至少穿透一道涂层的一种开裂形式，最终可导致漆膜完全破坏。86 6.56.5龟裂crocodiling(oralligatoring)宽裂纹且类似龟壳或鳄鱼皮样的一种开裂形式。同义词:鳄裂6.56.6鸦爪裂crow"sfootcracking裂纹图案似乌鸦爪样的一种开裂形式。6.57剥落peeling一道或多道涂层脱离其下涂层，或者涂层完全脱离底材的现象。同义词:脱落;脱皮6.58片落flaking漆膜以大小不同、分布不匀的碎片形状呈现的脱落现象。通常由开裂造成。6.59侵蚀erosion漆膜由于天然老化和风砂造成的自然磨损，且有可能导致底材裸露的现象。同义词:磨蚀;风化6.60粉化chalking漆膜表面由于其一种或多种漆基的降解以及颜料的分解，而呈现出疏松附着细粉的现象。6.61脆化embrittlement漆膜由于老化等原因，致使其柔韧性变坏的现象。英文同义词:embrittling6.62回豁aftertack干燥不发翁的漆膜表面随后又呈现发翁的现象。同义词:回翰性;返翻性注:此病态一般是由于聚合不足的油、沥青或其氧化产物的脱液收缩作用(即液体从胶体中排出)引起，或底材处理不当，底材中的松香、油污、增塑剂等物从漆膜表面渗出而引起。在高温高湿环境中更易促使产生此病态。6.63污染痕迹stain漆膜由于渗人外来物所导致的漆膜局部变色的现象。同义词:污染;污斑;污点英文同义词:staining6.64长霉mildew-growing在湿热环境中，漆膜表面滋生各种霉菌的现象〔参见“防霉性”(GB5206.4第5.60条)〕。同义词:生霉;霉染英文同义词:mold-growing,fungus-growing6.65生锈rusting漆膜下面的钢铁表面局部或整体产生红色或黄色的氧化铁层的现象。它常伴随有漆膜的起泡、开裂、片落等病态。同义词:锈蚀6.66生白锈white-rusting87 漆膜下面的有色金属表面局部或整体产生白色粉状氧化层的现象。它常伴随有漆膜的、开裂、片落等病态。9*Q6.67针孔状腐蚀corrosionpin-holes漆膜表面呈现(许多)非常小的圆形腐蚀斑点的现象。这是由金属底材的腐蚀产物引起的。同义词:点蚀6.68丝状腐蚀filifonncorrosion漆膜由于其下的金属表面发生细丝状腐蚀而呈现的疏松线状隆起的现象。这种丝状腐蚀常由一个或几个腐蚀生长点辐射而成。注:对于钢铁底材，这种病态也称丝状锈蚀，俗称“起红丝”。附录A按汉语拼音字母顺序排列的索引(参考件)爆孔···································⋯⋯6.42鳄裂···································一6.56.5变白········，··························⋯⋯6.52变稠···································⋯⋯6.4一20发白··....⋯⋯变厚····································⋯⋯6.436变深····································⋯⋯6.48(发汗)发花·······....⋯⋯表面粗糙······························⋯⋯6.38发浑····································⋯⋯剥落····································⋯⋯6.57不盖底·································⋯⋯6.33发软····································⋯⋯发胀····································⋯⋯6.4发丝裂······························⋯⋯6.56.1飞4返粗·····························，······⋯⋯6.13残留勃性······························⋯⋯6.以飞4返钻性·································⋯⋯6.62残余勃性··，···························⋯⋯6.︺10泛黄····································⋯⋯6.47沉底····································⋯⋯6.1)月C泛金光································⋯⋯6.43沉淀····································⋯⋯6.盆V粉化····································⋯⋯6.601n沉降··...⋯⋯·····················⋯⋯6.止U风化··························-·········⋯⋯6.596‘.脆化······················⋯⋯6.1浮色····································⋯⋯6.巧倒光⋯6.51肝化点蚀6.67化·································⋯⋯6堆漆6.30龟裂....⋯⋯，·....·············⋯⋯6.5 厚边·，·，···，，，，，·········一6.26漆膜变色······，，，，，，····，，，，，。·1·，⋯6.44黄变·······，·······················，···⋯⋯6.47起红丝·································⋯⋯6.68回砧········‘···················，····⋯⋯6.62起晶纹·········，··，···················⋯⋯6.40回豁性····，····，·，················，···⋯⋯6.62起粒····，··········，····。···············⋯⋯6.38起泡····································⋯⋯6.55J起气泡·，·········，··················⋯⋯6.16积尘·······，········、······，············⋯⋯6.39起霜······································一6.50胶化·.........................................6.7起霜花·······························一6.40接痕··，·，，·。····，·。·······⋯⋯6.29起雾····，，...................··，···，，，·6.50结块····················，···············⋯⋯6.11起皱····································⋯⋯6.18结皮·····，·····，···，··········，····⋯⋯6.9侵蚀·.........................................6.59晶析·，··，··，·，················，·········⋯⋯6.8桔皮····································⋯⋯6.19溶胀··············，，··········，·····⋯⋯6.536.5蠕动·················，····················一6.24开裂蠕流·····································，⋯6.27软化·······，····，··········，，·······⋯⋯6.54L621S泪状流挂⋯翩流挂⋯⋯，..⋯⋯6.28闪光·····，···。······，···········，·······⋯⋯6.35漏涂点深裂.......................................6.56.428漏涂赚区··············4，···········，····，一6.渗出·····，··········，-············。1····一6.36露3·....·····..········。。····，······一6.渗色·································⋯⋯6.32生白锈·························，······⋯⋯6.66生霉···············。·····‘················一6.64麻点·····································一6.25生锈··················，·················⋯⋯6.65麻坑·······，·······················，···⋯⋯6.25失光·.........................................6.51霉染·········，·····，·················⋯⋯6.64收缩····························，·······⋯⋯6.24磨蚀·.........................................6.59刷痕····································⋯⋯6.23幕状流挂·······························一6.21丝纹··，，·····。···，，······1··，····。·。⋯⋯6.22丝状腐蚀·:............................⋯⋯6.68缩边·····································，⋯6.24气凡泡涨··，··⋯，·⋯⋯，二j缩孔····································一6.25﹄3内膨胀·········.·.⋯⋯:，j一1、OT片落··········‘·.⋯⋯JO46漂白·········.。··...⋯⋯·。······，··。·⋯⋯6.条状流挂······························⋯⋯6.2140破坏·············...⋯⋯·。············⋯⋯6)褪色···················，···············一6.4589 脱落锈蚀··························⋯⋯6.65脱皮⋯，.-......⋯⋯‘.⋯，，.‘.....-.⋯⋯，:.::絮凝·····························一‘’‘6.6W网状细裂··························⋯⋯656.2鸦爪裂······························⋯⋯6.56.6微裂，······························⋯⋯656.1咬底············，······················⋯⋯6.31污斑···································⋯⋯6.63有粗粒·································⋯⋯6.12污点····································⋯⋯6.63原漆变色·······························，·⋯6.2污染·····⋯⋯6.63Z污染痕迹⋯⋯6.63增稠··········，·····················一6.3长霉····································⋯⋯6.64细裂⋯⋯6.56.2针孔····································⋯⋯6.17小裂⋯⋯6.563针孔状腐蚀.....................····⋯⋯6.67附录B按英文宇母顺序排列的索引(参考件)chescissing·································⋯⋯6.24aftertack···························⋯⋯6.62clouding······························⋯⋯6.1alligatoring·······················⋯⋯6.56.5corrosionpin-holes··················⋯⋯6.67crac卜ing·····························⋯⋯6.56cratering······························⋯⋯6.25工OJnbittyappearance....·············。。··⋯⋯6…护crawling······························⋯⋯6.24一4LUbleachingcrazing········⋯⋯“···········⋯⋯6.56.36八，jbleeding‘cregping二‘·‘·“”····················⋯⋯6.27‘Ublistering.55crinkling·····························⋯⋯6.1850bloom’“6.crocndiling..............................6.56.5一20blushingcrow"sfootcracking············⋯⋯6.56.643bronzing6.curtains······························⋯⋯6.2123brushmark······················⋯⋯”⋯6bubbling····························⋯⋯6.16darkening···························⋯⋯6.48deepcracks.··。·················⋯⋯6.56.4caking.......................................6.11dirtretention⋯。，一?···············⋯⋯6.39chalking·····························⋯⋯6.60discolorationoffilm···········，·，·⋯⋯6.44checking···························⋯⋯6.56.2discolorationofpaintsorvarnishes⋯⋯6.290 dulling6.51miss6.28ng6.产O.groW弓moldembrittlement····，·····⋯⋯6.61embrittling......·····⋯⋯661non-hiding·····························一6.33‘Uerosion.59O衬0exudation.36orangeskin··········‘·····，·，·········，⋯6.19fading·⋯二6.45fatedge·partialcrystallization·，··········，···‘·6.8fatteningpeeling·····················，·······⋯⋯6.57伍月ingperishing··········，··········，········⋯⋯6.49一60口filiformcorrosion，︸pigskin································，⋯6.13厂﹄30n八flaking.piling·································⋯⋯6.30长内气Ujflashing‘pin-holes·4···························一6.17floating一6.14popping·········，······················一6.42flocculationflooding，·。·。。·，，，········，·，，··。·】···一6.15frosting6.40residualtack············。········。·⋯⋯6.34fungus-growing6.64ropmessr】ns:.::G一川sun只gaschecking6.41gelling6.7sags···································⋯⋯6.21seedy·································一6.12hair-cracking·····················⋯⋯6.56.1settling······························⋯⋯6.10holidays·，··························⋯⋯6.28show-through.···············，·······一6.33skinning·······················。······⋯⋯6.9softening······························⋯⋯6.54tappingdefect.........。···············一6.29stain···。····，·········，·，···。··⋯6.63lifting·······························⋯⋯6.31staining···········，·········⋯⋯‘··⋯⋯6.63livering································⋯⋯6.5(sweating)···························⋯⋯6.36lossofgloss··············。···，····⋯⋯6.51swelling··········，··············‘·····，⋯6.53loseofgloss·······，················⋯⋯6.51Mtear·······。···。·····⋯⋯6mildew-growing，·⋯6.64thickening6.2.319了 wrinkling6.18whitening...............·....⋯⋯6.52white-rusting..⋯，，...··..⋯⋯6.66yellowing6.47附加说明:本标准由中华人民共和国化学工业部提出，由全国涂料和颜料标准化技术委员会归口。本标准由化工部涂料工业研究所负责起草。本标准主要起草人吴良骏、苏梅。'