GBT10149-1988医用X射线设备术语和符号.pdf 35页

'中华人民共和国国家标准UDC615.471医用X射线设备术语和符号GB10149一88TerminologyandsymbolformedicalX一rayequipment本标准参照采用国际电l委员会(IEC)第778号出版物《医用放射学—术语))o1主题内容与适用范围本标准规定了放射线基础、X射线设备、医用X射线技术、X射线防护及X射线侧量仪器等术语和定义。本标准适用于医用X射线设备，可供制、修订X射线设备及用具标准时使用，也可供从事放射技术研究、生产和临床诊断的专业人员参考。2放射线荃础2.1辐射2.1.1电离辐射ionizingradiation由直接或间接电离粒子或两者混合体构成的辐射，通常不包括紫外辐射。2.1.2韧致辐射bremsstrahlung带电粒r通过原子核或其他带电粒子的电场时，减速或加速产生的X射线辐射。2.1.3一次辐射primaryradiation直接由靶或辐射源发出的电离辐射。2.1.4二次辐射secondaryradiation由f一次辐射与物质作用的结果。由该物质发出的电离辐射。2.1.5多能量辐射polyenergeticradiation包含不同辐射能量的光子或具有不同动能的一种粒子的电离辐射。例如:多能量X射线辐射多能量Y射线辐射2.1.6单能量辐射monoenergeticradiation由辐射能量大致相同的光子或具有大致相同动能的一种粒子形成的电离辐射。2.1.7焦点辐射focalradiation在X射线源组件内，从有效焦点发出的X射线辐射。2.1.8焦点外辐射extra一focalradiation在X射线源组件内，从有效焦点以外的辐射源发出的X辐射。2.1.，杂散辐射strayradiation除规定的辐射线束以外的，包括剩余辐射在内的所有电离辐射。2.1.10散射辐射scatteredradiation由于电离辐射与物质相互作用而发出的电离辐射，这种相互作用同时产生辐射能量减少和(或)辐射方向改变。2.1.11剩余辐射:esidualradiationK学放射线学中，射束穿过影接收平面和所有辐射测量装置后的剩余部分，或在放射治疗中从人国家医药管理局1988-12-02批准1989-07一01实施 GB16149一[:I"""体受照部位射出的剩余部分。2.1二12泄漏辐射leakageradiation穿过辐射源防护屏蔽的，以及某收X射线发生装置在加载前和之后穿过辐射窗(例如:装有栅控装置的X射线"ri)的电离辐射。22相互作用2.2.1散射scattering由于与别的粒子或粒r系碰撞而引起的人射粒子或人射辐射的方向或能量改变的过程。2.2.2反向散射back一scattering山物质引起的使辐射或粒子的行进方向相对于原始方向的夹角大于90。的散射。2.2.3能诚吸收energyabsorption人射辐射能4"的全部或一部分传递给被辐照物质的现象。注伴随能Nt损耗的敞射(如:康普顿效应和中子减速)也视为能量吸收。2.2.4衰减attenuation辐射在通过物质时，与物质的各种相互作用致使辐射量减少的过程，辐射量可以是粒子通量密度或能星通4I}t.密度。注:衰减不包括因与辐射源的距离加大而引起的辐射量几何减少。2.2.5辐照irradiation使生物体或物质受辐射照射。在放射学III,使生物体或物质受电离辐射照射。例如:X射线辐照丫射线辐照电子辐照IIIf辐照2.2.6’透射transmission放射学‘{，电离辐射穿过物质，与物质有或无相互作用，发射方向与人射方向基本相同。2.2.7滤过filtration穿过物质时电离辐射特性的改变。M扮:滤过可以是:对多能kiX射线辐射或丫射线辐射的某些成分选择吸收，同时发生辐射衰减。在辐射束截面匕辐射强度分布的改变。2.2.8累积buildup山Y两次带电粒r的释放和物质的人射表面以内的散射辐射而引起的吸收剂量率随人射深度增加而增大的现象。23if值、单位及有关概念2.3.1吸收剂嗽absorbeddose(符号:D)授与单位质lrl物质(或被单位质d物质吸收)的任何致电离辐射的平均能量。若致电离辐射授与某些一体积元内的平均能量为d，而该体积内物质的质量为dm，则该体积内物质的吸收剂址为;ndl.少二—一am吸收剂lif单位为焦耳千克(J"kg-I),单位的专用名称是戈瑞(Gy)。吸收剂量的原单位是拉德(rad),Irad=l0IJ"kg一’。2.3.2吸收剂U率absorbeddoserate GB10149一::I::(符号:D)单位时间内吸收剂量的增量，吸收剂量率定义为dD除以dt的商，其中dD是dt时间内吸收剂量的增IA.汽dDD=d1一吸收剂量率的单位是戈瑞，或其倍量或其约量率的适当时间单位所得的商。(Gy.5I,m("y.h等)。2.3.3比释动能kerma(符号:K)山电离辐射作用引起的在物质中释放的动能，比释动能定义为dEtr除以d。的商，其中dE,r是质为d。的物质中由不带电的电离粒f-导致释放出来的全部带电的电离粒r的初始动能之总和表刁、:d百八=一dm尸-比释动能的单位是焦尔一千克(J·kg一’)，单位的专用名称是戈瑞(Gy).比释动能的原来单位是拉德(rad)1rad=to"Jkgo2.3.4空气比释动能airkerma在空气中测量的比释动能。2.3.5水比释动能waterkerma在水III测量的比释动能。2.3.6比释动能率kermarate(符号:K)单位时间内的比释动能，比释动能率定义为dK除以dt的商，其中dK是dl时间内比释动能的增量。比释动能率的单位是戈瑞，或其倍量或其约鼠除以适当的时间单位的商(Gy"s’，mGy"h，等)。2.3.7照射星exposure(符号:X)电离辐射在空气中产生的电荷，照射量X定义为dQ除以d。的商，其中dQ是在质量为dm空气中光了释放出的全部电r(负电f"和正电r)完全被阻止在空气中时，在空气中产生同一种符号的离r总电荷的绝对俏:vdQA二不不照射fit的单位是库千克(C·kg-")照射量的原来单位是伦琴(R)1R=2.58x10-"C·kg一1。2.3.8昭蔚廿率exposurerate(符号:X)单位时间内的照射量,照射量率X定义为dX除以dt的商，其件jdX是dt时间内照射量的增1df，dX人=—一dr照射41率单位由照射量单位，或其倍III或其约量单位除以适当的时间单位而得的商(C·kg;·s’，mC·kgI·h’等)。2.3.9面积照射U乘积areaexposureproduct GB10149一B辐射束截面面积和该截面内平均照射量的乘积。2.3.10剂量当量doseequivalent(符号:H)表示电离辐射对有机体的有害作用危险的最，它是在要研究组织中某点处的D,0和N_个量的乘积。H二DQN式中:D—吸收剂量，Q—品质因数，是专为辐射防护定量而采用的一个参数;N—其他修正因数的乘积。剂量当量的单位是焦耳/千克(7·kg-J)，专用名词为希〔沃特〕(Sv),剂量当量的原来单位是雷(rem)。1rem=10一z7·kg-"a2.3.11剂量当量率doseequivalentrate(符号:H)单位时间内剂量当it的增量，称之为剂量当量率方，如果dt时间内剂量当量的增11为dH,那么荆敏当量率即为:d日户一dt2.3.12有效剂量当量effectivedoseequivalent表示当身体受不均匀或肠部辐照时全身所受的加权荆量当M的量值。2.3.13剂111-M9量单位dosemonitorunit剂量测量系统中显示数量的任意单位，并可用它计算吸收剂量。2.3.14辐射质量radiationquality电离辐射的特性是由与辐射能量相关的辐射量的能潜分布来确定。注:在与X射线辐射有关的各种实用场合中.辐射质且的实际近似值以如下各种形式表示:其有规定波纹系数的高电压和总滤过畏b.具有规定波纹系数的高电压和第一半价层;第一半价层和总毖过，d.第一半价层和第一半价层除以第二半价层的商书e·等效能胜。2.3.15辐射能量radiationenergy在放射学中，表示光子或其他粒子携带的能量(静能除外)的量。辐射能量的单位是电子伏(eV),1eV二1602.19、10191。如:X射线能量Y射线能量2.3.16最大能量maximumenergy多能量辐射束中所含的最大辐射能量。2.3.17等效能量equivalentenergy与所考虑的多能量辐射有同样规定效果的单能量辐射的辐射能量。2,3.18辐射能谱radiationspectrum相对于辐射能Ut的辐射徽分布。如:X射线能潜丫射线能谱2.3.18连续X射线能1ftcontinuousX一rayspectrum连续X射线能涛，不包括标识X射线辐射，其最大辐射能量等于电子电荷与最大加速电压的乘积。 GB10149一882.3.20衰减当litattenuationequivalent(符号:8)h准物质的厚度，在规定辐射质量的线束中和规定的几何条件下，以该基准物质代替所考虑的物质时，有相同衰减程度。衰减当lu以米的适当约员单位表1<，同时给出基准物质和人射束辐射质量o2.3.21错·马以leadequivalent(符号:Pb)用铅作为基准物质时以铅的厚度来表示的衰减当量。八:在电离辐射防护中，对含铅t大的物质不必规定辐射质It.2.3.22平价层half-valuelayer场特定辐射能41.或能谱的X射线辐射、丫射线辐射窄束通过规定物质时，比释动能率、照射量率或吸收f9hd:率减小到尤该物质时所AilIs值一半的规定物质厚度为半价层。平价层以米的适当约过单位表小，同时指明所用物质。2.3.23卜分之价层tenthvaluelayer在特定辐射能U或能LA的X射线、丫射线通过规定物质时，比释动能率、照射量率或吸收剂量率减小到龙该物质时所测量值卜分之一的规定物质厚度为十分之一价层。十分之1价层以米的适当约量单位表示，同时指明所用物质。2.3.24半价深度halfvaluedepth辐射治疗!}.，在规定辐射质量的射束轴线上和在规定的几何条件下，使吸收剂U减至规定基准点的吸收剂址值半的机体组织深度。2.3.25质墩等效滤过qualityequivalentfiltration是以一层或几层纂准物质滤过作用的数量表示，当把代替所考虑物质的基准物质放于窄束条件下的规定辐射质量的射束11，时，能得到与所考虑物质相同的辐射质Uo质i}.等效滤过以米的适当约量表小，同时给出基准物质和人射束的辐射质量o2.3.28Y}1有滤过inherentfiltration辐射束从辐射源组件或其部件射出之前，通过不可移开的物质时，该物质产生的等效滤过。对{.x射线管组件，其固有滤过以基准物质的厚度表示，在规定的电压和波形下，该物质使以第一‘f`-价层表小的辐射质童相一致。2.3.27附力}]滤过additionalfiltration辐射束Ii在辐射源和患者或规定平面之间的附加滤板和其他可拆卸物质产生的等效滤过。2.3.28总滤过totalfiltration固有滤过和附加滤过的总和。2.3.29累积系数buildupfactor(符号:刀)对J:被辐照物质，在所规定的辐射条件下，宽射束中心的相应辐射量值与窄射束中的相应辐射量{六之L-七。这两个值均在被考虑的物质，}，测鼠o2.3.30表层剂{,1surfacedose是被辐射体人射面的某一点上(通常在辐射束轴线上)的吸收剂量，包括反向散射产生的剂量。3X射线的产生和发射3.1从础术语3.1.1辐射源radiationsource放射源或能发出电离辐射的设备部分。 GB1014.一.53.1.2辐射源组件radiationsourceassembly由卜列部分构成的组件:二辐射源，卜.用于电离辐射防护和在必要时防护电击的设备，t.限束系统。如:X射线源组件丫射线源组件放射性核素源组件3.1.3辐射头radiationhead能射出辐射束的结构。3.1.4把targetX射线管或拉子加速器的一部分，加速校子束直接作用其上，产生电离辐射或其他粒子。3.1.5反射靶reflectiontarget加速粒子束轰击其表面发出电离辐射束的靶。3.1二透过靶transmissiontarget加速粒子束轰击其表面由背面发出电离辐射束的把。3.1.7把面角targetangle实际焦点平面和基准轴线之间的锐角。:.1一实际焦点actualfocalspot把面上阻拦载止加速校子束的区域。3.1二有效焦点。ffectivefocalspot实际焦点在墓准平面上的垂直投影。3.1.10焦点标称值nominalfocalspotvalue在规定条件下测最的与X射线管有效焦点尺寸有特定比例的无最纲数值。3.1.11散焦值bloomingvalueX射线管有效焦点的特性之一，在规定加载条件下所得到的两个极限分辨率的比值。二2X射线管组件3.2.1x射线管头x一raytubehead包括高压变压器组件在内的X射线源组件。3:2.2x射线管组件x一raytubeassemblyX射线管套内装有X射线管的组件。3.2.3x射线it套x一raytubehousing能防电击和防X射线辐射。带有辐射窗口的承装X射线管的容器。3.2.4x射线管X一raytube由阴极产生的电子经电场加速轰击阳极靶而产生X射线辐射的高真空器件。如:旋转阳极X射线管双焦点X射线管二2.5X射线管支架X一raytubesupportingdevice支持X射线管，并保持其位置不变的装置。3.2二体腔内X射线管intra-corporealX-raytube种特殊结构的并可通过生理腔道或人造切口把焦点插人体内的X射线管。如:口腔X射线管3.2.7阴极cathodeX射线管中的电子源。 CB1014.一二3.2.8阳极anode在X射线若III,受加速电f束轰击发射X射线的一种电极，通常包括;E.3.2.9阳极角anodeangleX射线1组件中靶平面与基准平面间夹角。3.2.10焦}，气轨迹focaltrack在旋转阳极X射线管中，当阳极旋转时，电子束所撞击的阳极部分。3.2.11叠1111焦点superimposedfocalspots通常当存在不同尺寸的两个(或多个)有效焦点时，指基本上位置较大焦点范围内较小实际焦点。3.3高厌发生装置3.3.1X身i线发生装置X一raygenerator产’I:和控制X射线辐射所有部件的组合，至少包括X射线源组件与其相连接的高压发生器。如:电容放电式X射线发生装置3.3.2高压发生器highvoltagegenerator在X射线发生装置中，控制和产生馈供X射线管电能的所有部件的组合，通常由高压变压器组件和控制器组件组成。3.3.3单峰，f为压发生器onepeakhigh一voltagegenerator输出未经榷流的电压，但在电源每一周期内有一个峰值电压的单相电源供电的高压发生器。3.3.4双峰高压发生器two一peakhigh一voltagegenerator山单相电源供电，输出的整流电压在电源每一周期内有两个峰值的高压发生器。3.3.5六峰高压发生器six一peakhigh一voltagegenerator山三相电源供电，输出的整流电压在电源每一周期内有六个峰值的高压发生器。3.3.6t-_峰值高压发生器twelve一peakhigh一voltagegenerator山相电源供电，输出的0V流电压在电源每一周期内有十二个峰值的高压发生器。3.3.7恒压高压发生器constantpotentialhigh-voltagegenerator输出电压波纹率不超过规定值的高压发生器。3.3二贮能高压发生器storedenergyhigh一voltagegenerator能将供给X射线管能量的全部或一部分储存在适当组件中的高压发生器。3.3.9电容放电式高压发生器capacitordischargehigh-voltagegenerator能将电能储存在高压电容器内，并在一次加载中经过放电将其能量供给X射线管的高压发生器。3.3.10倍压式高压发生器cascadegenerator山串联连接的一些筷流器一电容器组构成的高压发生器，其产生的恒定翰出电压是变压器电压的枯流倍数。3.3.11隔离铁心变压器isolatedcoretransformer由一些带有次级绕组的隔离铁心段组成的一种高压变压器，每个次绕组有一整流器和倍压电容器，各段的电容器串联连接。3.3.12高压变压器组件high-voltagetransformerassembly在高压发生器中，由高压变压器和其他高压部件构成的组件。3.1X射线束的几何形状3.1.1基准方向referencedirection对诊断X射线设备的有效焦点而言，与基准方向垂直并包含基准轴线与实际焦点相交点的平面(通常该焦点形成有效焦点中心)。3.1.2基准轴线referenceaxis指通过辐射源its心与基准方向平行的直线。3.1.3从准"1=面referenceplane CB10149一8!对诊断X射线设备的有效焦点而盆，与基准方向垂直并包含基准轴线与实际焦点相交点的平面(通常该焦点形成有效焦点中心)。3.4.4辐射束radiationbeam在放射学中指限定在立体角内并包括从点辐射源产生的电离辐射通量的空间区域。泄漏辐射和散射辐射不构成辐射束。如:X射线束丫射线束电f束中子束3.4.5有用线束usefulbeam从电离辐射源通过防护屏或线束器的特定孔径的所用电离辐射.3.4.6辐射束线轴radiationbeamaxis对于对称辐射束，通过辐射源中心和限束器有效边缘中心处的直线。通常在规定的误差范围之内辐射束轴线与辐射源的基准轴线相重合。如:X射线束轴线丫射线束轴线电子束轴线‘}，子束轴线3.4.7辐射野radiationfield在_与辐射束相交的面上，其中的辐射强度超过特定或规定水平的面积。如:X射线野Y射线野中f一束野电了束野3.4.8半影区penumbra在放射学中，指辐射束周围空间的区域，在该区域内，辐射通量值是在辐射束轴线的同一截面上测得的两个规定或特定值的系数之间。注:下列中一个或几个现象可能是这种半影区存在的原因a焦点外辊射;卜散射辐射:c缺少侧向电子平衡‘d.电r对效应;e.1M射源和线束系统的儿何形状3.4.，有用受照野尺寸usefulobjectfieldsize在放射诊断中，能投射到影象接受面积上，在电离辐射发散束中所规定的特定的截面尺寸。3.4.10照射野尺寸irradiationfieldsize在放射治疗‘}，，距辐射源规定距离的或在受照体规定深度的垂直于辐射束轴线的平面上，受规定的等剂it线限定的面积尺寸。3.4.11有用面积usefularea在一X射线影象传递系统中X射线影象内包含的信息，在特定条件下，由此处被传送的那块面积。3.4.12投照区receptivearea在X射线诊断中，指检测到人射辐射线束内所包含的信息的那块放射区域。3.4.13焦一皮距focalspottoskindistance在医学放射诊断，{，，指有效焦点从准平面至与基准方向垂直并包含患者表面与辐射源最近的平面 GB10149一!I?的距离。在放射治疗中，指有效焦点基准平面至基准轴线与人射表面相交点的距离。3.4.1‘焦点一影象接收器距离focalspottoimagereceptordistance指有效焦点的基准平面至基准轴线与影象接受平面相交点的距离。3.4.15辐射源一皮距离radiationsourcetoskindistance在放射治疗中，指辐射源表面至人射表面的距离。3.4.16影象接受器平面imagereceptorplane包括影象接受面的最大尺寸在内的平面。3.4.17影象接受面imagereceptionarea在放射学中，接收X射线影象的表面。3.4.1。人射表面entrancesurface在放射学中，辐射进人被照体(包括填覆材料)之前所通过的平面或曲面。3.4.19窄射束narrowbeam为了测量理想的辐射量而用的尽可能较小的立体角辐射束，而且散射辐射的影响趋于最小值，并在必要时保证侧向电f-平衡。3.4.20窄射束条件narrowbeamcondition在电离辐射窄射束中测量辐射量所用的布置。3.4.21宽射束broadbeam当立体角增大时，所测量的辐射量并无明显增加，但有散射影响的立体角内的辐射束为宽射束。3.4.22宽射束条件broadbeamcondition在电离辐射宽射束中测量辐射量所用的布置。3.423辐射窗radiationaperture在辐射源防护屏上或在线束装置上让辐射束穿过的窗口。3.424限束系统beamlimitingsystem限制辐射束几何形状的全部部件。3.4.25限束器beamlimitingdevice限制辐射野尺寸的装置。3。42.光I*diaphragm在一平面内限束器带有的固定或可调的窗口。3.‘.27光野指示器lightfieldindicator在X射线设备中，通过可见光映出照射野范围的装置。3.4.28等中心isocentre在基准轴线围绕一公共中心做儿种方式移动的X射线设备中，辐射束轴线能通过最小球体的中心。4X射线设备X一rayequipment4.1医用诊断X射线设备4.1.1摄影装置graph放射学中，用于与某种特殊技术实现放射摄影的设备。如。体层摄影装置记波器4.1.2摄影装置的附件graphicattachment放射学中，以某种特殊技术进行放射摄影的X射线设备的附属件。如:体层摄影附件4.1.3X射线特殊摄影床X一raytableforspecialuse GB18149一99适用于特殊摄影，可作为直接或间接摄影的诊断床。4.1.4X射线摄影床X一rayradiographictable能将X射线影象直接记录在X射线感光胶片上的摄影床。4.1.5X射线荧光摄影床X一:ayphotofluorographictable把X射线荧光影象记录在胶片上的摄影床。4.1.6X射线体层摄影床X一raytomographictable把X射线体to影象记录在胶片上的摄影床。4.1.7X射线诊断床X一raydiagnostictable迸行X射线透视与摄影的诊断床。‘1.8连续换片器serialchanger通过手动或〔和)自动操作摄影胶片或暗盒的传递机构，以在单张或多张胶片上进行连续摄影的装置。4.1.9点片装置spotfilmdevice在X射线透视中，对受检部位选择后瞬间拍摄一张或多张X射线照片的装置。注与透视设备装在一起的摄影煮架不算点片装置。4.1.10暗盒换片器cassettechanger在连续X射线摄影时，更换内装单张胶片的多个分离X射线摄影暗盒的连续换片器。4.1.11胶片换片器filmchanger在连续X射线摄影时，只传递分离胶片的连续换片器。4.1.12X射线造影剂radiopaqueagent注入人体可使注入部与周围组织在X射线象上呈现明显反差的物质。42影象的接收、转换和记录4.2.1X射线图形X一raypattern已被透视物体转变成的电离辐射强度分布中所包含的信息。4.2.2X射线影象受照区X一rayimagereceptionarea由电离辐射所传递的信息被转换成另一信息截体的灵敏区域。4.2.8X射线照片radiogram在放射J学中X射线影象在胶片上的记录。4.2.4直接X射线照片directradiogram直接在影象接收面上获得的X射线照片。‘2.5间接X射线照片，ndirectradiogram将信息传换后所获得的X射线照片。4.2.$放射线影象radiologicalimage利用电离辐射获得的，并适用于医学诊断的以影象显示的信息。二2.7防散射滤线栅anti一scattergrid放置于影象接收面之前，以减少射在影象接收面上的散射辐射，从而改善X射线影象对比度的一种装置。4.2.8直线滤线栅lineargrid山条状高吸收材料在平面上相隔排列，并沿纵向相互平行的栅条构成的防散射绪线栅。‘2.9、}"-行滤线栅parallelgrid各吸收栅条的平面相互平行，并垂直于人射面的直线搏线栅。;.2.，。会聚滤线栅focusedgrid吸收栅条的各平面在规定的人射焦距处聚成一条线的直线滤线栅。1.2.11锥形滤线栅taperedGrid GB1014.一88各吸收栅条的高向垂直于中心线，并向两边边缘对称地减短的直线滤线栅。4.2.12交叉滤线栅crossgrid由两个直线滤线栅盈合一起，其两者吸收栅条的方向形成一个角度的防散射线滤线栅。4.2.18止交滤线栅orthogonalcrossgrid吸收栅条之间的方向互成90。角的交叉滤线栅。4.2.14斜交滤线栅obliquecrossgrid吸收栅条之间的方向互成非90。角的交叉滤线栅。4.2.15静止滤线栅stationarygrid在使用时，相对于辐射束是不移动的防散射线滤线栅。4.2.18活动滤线栅movinggrid在使用中，辐射束通过时能使滤线栅移动，以避免吸收栅条成象和引起信号损失的防散射线滤线栅。4.2.17栅密度griddensity(符号:N)直线滤线栅中每厘米内的吸收栅条数。4.2.18栅比gridratio(符号:Y)对于直线滤线栅，中心线处吸收栅条高度与栅条之间的低吸收材料厚度之比。4.2.1.会聚距离focusingdistance(符号:Fo)会聚滤线栅的各吸收栅条平面会聚于一条线，该线与滤线栅人射面之间的垂直距离。4.2.20应用极限applicationlimits(符号:下限F,，上限FZ)会聚滤线栅中，焦点至人射面之间的距离极限，在此极限内可获得令人满意的放射学信息。4.2.21中心线centralline在防散射线滤线栅外部人射面的一条标志线。二在直线滤线栅上是:吸收栅条的方向和有效面积的中心，b.在会聚滤线栅上是:吸收栅条的方向和垂直于人射面的栅条的位置;c.在交叉滤线栅上是:吸收栅条的两个方向均同样表示。42.22X射线影象接收器X一rayimagereceptor直接或间接地把X射线图形转变成可见影象的装置。例如荧光屏或X射线摄影胶片。4.2.28荧光屏fluorescentscreen在电离辐射辐照下能发出荧光的某种载体层。4.2.24X射线透视屏radioscopicscreen直接用于X射线透视的荧光屏。4.2.25X射线摄影胶片radiographicfilm单面或两面涂有辐射感光乳剂的透明载体构成的用于X线摄影的单张或成卷的材料。4.2.2.单面乳剂胶片:ingleemulsionfilm用于直接X射线摄影中的仅在载体一面涂有辐射感光乳剂的胶片。4.2.27双面乳剂胶片doubleemulsionfilm用于直接X射线摄影中的，其载体两面均涂有辐射感光乳剂的胶片。4.2.28无屏片non-screenfilm直接X射线摄影时，不必使用增感屏的X射线摄影胶片。4.2.2.有屏片screenfilm Gs10149一.6I"t接X身寸线摄影时，对增感屏荧光发出的辐射有相对较高灵敏度的胶片。4.2.30X射线摄影纸radiographicpaper川t"力接X射线摄影的，涂有W射感光乳剂的纸形成的单张或成卷的材料。4.2.31增感屏intensifyingscreen直接X射线摄影中用的，使人射的X射线辐射或丫射线辐射转变为更适合于胶片感光的乳剂屏。4.2.32X射线影象增强器X一rayimageintensifier把X射线图象转换为相应的可见光图象并另用外供能量增强图象亮度的装置。4.2.”光电X射线影象增强器electr。一opticalX-rayimageintensifier装有光电真空器件的X射线影象增强器。4.2.34X射线影象Mfg管X一。ayimageintensifiertube一种输人屏与光电阴极有导光接触，光电阴极产生电子图象，在用外供能量增强图象亮度以在输出屏L转换成可见光影象的光电真空器件。4.2.35人射平面entranceplane垂ti一于光电X射线影象增强器对称轴并与X射线影象增强器在辐射源方向最突出的部分相切的平面。4.2.36人射野尺、tentrancefieldsize在规定的条件下，光电X射线影象增强器的人射平面上可用于转换X射线图象部分的直径。4.2.31标称人射野尺寸nominalentrancefieldsize在、日示的电离辐射束条件下，光电X射线影象增强器的人射野尺寸。4.2.36亮度分布luminancedistribution在规定的条件下，光电X射线影象增强器愉出影象范围内的亮度空间变化。‘2.39转换系数conversionfactor光电X射线影象增强器输出影象亮度的平均值与在规定条件下人射平面内侧得的规定辐射量的对应中均值之比。4.2.犯输人屏inputscreen光电真空器件!}，构成影象接收面的薄层。‘2.41输出屏outputscreen光电真空器件中，将电子图象转换成可见光影象的薄层.4.2.42输出影象outputimage光电真空器件中，输出屏上产生的可见光影象。4.2.43X射线电视系统X一raytelevisionsystemft接或间接地将X射线图象转换成电信号送人显示装置获得放射线图象设备的组合。4.2.44X射线成像装置X一rayimagingarrangement在X射线设备中，为某种规定的放射技术而设置的辐射源和X射线影象接收器。4.3医用X射线治疗设备4.3.1剂址监测系统dosemonitoringsystem测设和显不与吸收剂量熹接相关的辐射a的设备系统，它可以包括当达到预选值时终止辐照的装置。4.3.2剂魔率监测系统doseratemonitoringsystem侧Itk和显刁、与吸收剂量率直接有关的辐射蟹设备系统。4.3.3一次剂过监测系统primarydosemonitoringsystem在预调值达到时，用于终止辐照的剂ht监测系统。C3.4二次剂量监Ml(系统secondarydosemonitoringsystem次荆址监测系统万一失灵时，用于终止辐照的剂量监侧系统。叹 GB10149一!T4.3.5if;疗外制台treatmentcontrolpanel右放射治疗时，控制患者辐照的控制台。4.寸_义卞卜4.4.1甜f}i义件accompanyingdocuments随装置、设备、辅助设备或附件而带的义件，其中包括为设备的装配者、安装者和使用者所提供的重要资料，尤其是有关安全方面的资料.“2使用说明书instructionforuse在随机文件!}:为使用者止确和安全操作以及使用设备而提供的那部分资料。‘4.3组装说明I5assemblinginstructions在随机文件中为组装者按各自规定用途组装设备、设备部件或零部件时，对其安全和操作性能所采取必要预防措施提供的那一部分资料。4.4.4d--常使用normaluse按使用说明朽或预定用途对设备的正常使用和操作，以及使用周期之间的运输和贮存。4.5附件4.5.1滤板filter放射设备中用来完成辐射束滤过的材料或装置。41.5.2附加滤板addedfilter在辐射束中提供部分或全部附加溥过的可拆卸的滤板。4.5.3复合滤板compoundfilter由一种以土的物质组成的滤板。4.5.4三兀撼板thoraeusfilter一种由规定的锡、铜和铝J组成的复合滤板，用于获得比只能给出同样辐射质量的单一材料滤板更高的辐射强Itn二5.5界线滤板edgefilter吸收特性是辐射能址的函数，并呈现出不连续性的滤板。4.5.6零滤板zerofilter在没有附加滤板，而有联锁防止辐射的系统中，用来分路该联锁作用的器具。4.5.7均化溥板fieldflatteningfilter用来使辐射野内的吸收剂量率变得均匀的滤板。4.5.8调整滤板compensatingfilter用来改变辐射野内吸收剂缝率分布的滤板。4.5.9楔形滤板wedgefilter使整个或部分辐射野的透射无级变化的滤板。4.5.10阶梯形滤板:tepfilter使辐射野的透射呈阶梯形变化的滤板。4.5.11前‘}，指示器frontpointer指不辐射束轴线及向患者射人点的发光或机械装置。4.5.12后「IT指示器backpointer指不辐射束轴线及从患者的射束射出点的发光或机械装置。4.5.18辅助设备associatedequipment在放射装置中，除产生和控制电离辐射设备以外，但又必须使用的设备。4.5.14患者支架patientsupport放射没备，!、用以支撑患者身体，使受照部位定位和移动的部件和床面或臂架等。4.5.15辐照月二关irradiationswitch GB10149一88八_放射设N}川J使辐照井始和(或)停止的控制装置。4.5.16射线摄影哈众radiographiccassette川以X张或儿张静止的X射线摄影胶片〔通常有4张或几张增感I)$)的、可透过辐射前盖的不透光线的齐器。‘5.17压迫器compressiondevice}j_X线检查和治疗，}.，对患者某一部位施加压力的装置。4.5.18组织等效材料tissueequivalentmaterial对规定的电离辐射吸收和散射程度与特定的生物组织相同的材料。4.5.19填覆材料bolus与患者接触，uli周铭吸收剂谊分市的组织等效材料。4.5.20抓‘制41t4牛controlassembly是山没备必须的相关1作参数，如预41,调节和指小所构成的组合。4.5.21拐{制台controlpanel是xV线设备的一部分，台面板L装有手动1「关以控制设备的全部或部分功能。铃制台面!几可带有指水和显小1作参数的装置。4.5.22定li,r装置timingdevice在没备运行期I司累积和(或)显M寸I司间隔以及在预定时间间隔结束时可随时改变1_作状态的装置。4.5.23拐‘时器controllingtime「}l预定时间间隔或山分段时间组成的总预定时间结束时，改变工作状态的定时装置。4.5.24联锁装置interlock种保护装置，参数在规定的范INN机器能正常[作，若其中某一参数超过规定范围时，防止没备启动或持续运行的装置。4.5.25延时器delaytimer石X射线设备11,为达到技术参数和保证机件安全，而将上作过程延迟一定时间的控制装置。4.5.26附件accessory与没备一起使用的附加部件，以使设备完成预定的用途，适应某些特殊用途，使用更加方便，性能4t所提.佰，功能与其他设备功能结合起来。5医用X射线技术5卜1从侧{术语5.1.1iLV9碳误差errorofmeasurement个lit:的测Iri值与该量实际值之间的差值。5.1.2‘失际值truevalue用仪器所测U的物理lo,的实际11(值。5.1.3t则准ff`measuredvalue把听有相关系数校正以后，从仪表的指示值上获得的实际量值的估价。5.1.4刻Ix读数scalereading石刻IKF系数应用之前，从仪器L显不的值。5.1.51141J,fl"tindicatedvalue在刻度系数应用(修it)之后，从仪器的刻度读数上获得的量值。5.1.6显小displayf")a的可见表小方法。5.1.7传递transfer G1310149一8信息的转移，包括信息的变换或信息的转换。5.2设备的运行5.2.1加载因素loadingfactor其数值能影响X射线管负载的各个因素，例如:X射线管电流加载时间，件l&等效输人功能，X射线管电压及波纹率。5.2.2X射线管电压X一raytubevoltage加fX射线管阳极和阴极之间的电位差。通常，X射线管电压用千伏(kV)峰值表不。5.2.3标称X射线管电压nominalX一:aytubevoltage在规定条件F允许的最高X射线管电压。5.2.4lily值X射线青电压limitedX-raytubevoltage在X射线没备中对特定组合条件限定的标称X射线管电压。5.2.5最大极限X射线管电压limitedmaximumX一raytubevoltage在特定的X射线没备中对X射线管所限定的最大极限电压。5.2.6初始X射线青电压initialX-rayvoltage电容放电式X射线发生装置中，X射线管加载开始时的电压。5.2.7剩余X射线管电压residualX一raytubevoltage电容放电式X射线发生装置中，X射线加载结束时继续存在的电压。5.2.8X射线带电流X一raytubecurrent人射在X射线管靶上的电r束电流。通常，X射线管电流用毫安(mA)平均值表示。5.2.9灯丝电流filamentcurrent加fX射线肯灯丝以控制阴极热离f-发射的电流。5.2.10by载loading在X射线发生装置中，对X射线管阳极施加电能量的动作。5.2.11加载时I司loadingtime按规定方法测出的将阳极输人功率加于X射线管的时间。5.2.12照射时间irradiationtime按规定方法测出的照射持续时间，通常是辐射量率超过某一规西兰水平的时间。5.2.13标称最短照射时间nominalshortestirradiationtime在改变照射时间的自动控制系统的高压发生器中被控制的辐射量能保持所要求恒定值的最短照射时}p]o5.2.11电流时1,H]乘积currenttimeproduct在医学放射学中，对X射线管加载产生的用毫安秒表示的电量等于X射线管电流平均值的毫安数和加载持续时间的秒数的乘积。5.2.15基准电流时间乘积referencecurrenttimeproduct在规定的加载时间内测定的，用以检验X射线发生装置加载因数线性度的基准值的电流时间乘积。5.2.16正比电流时间乘积proportionalcurrenttimeproduct在the学放射学中，用毫安秒表示的量与用电方法从辐射源中产生的电离辐射总量成正比的量。5.2.11电源视在电阻apparentresistanceofsupplymains在规定负载条件下测定的供X射线诊断装置用的电源电阻。5.2.18波纹率percentageripple对以I"1分率表小的高压发生器的电源，一个周波内整流电压波形的最高和最低值之差与其最高值之比。 GB10149一885.2.19调怜率percentagemodulation对以百分率表小的高压发生器的电源，一个周波内铭流电压波形的最高和最低值之差与其两个值的和之比。5.2.20标称电功率nominalelectricpower高压发生器在规定的加载时间内能对X射线管单次加载提供的最恒定电功率。5.2.21阴极发射特性cathodeemissioncharacteristicX射线管电流对变LI(例如灯丝加热电流，X射线管电压)的依赖关系。5.2.22X射线肯负载X一raytubeload用一组适当的加载因数值表示的加到X射线管的电能。5.2.23阳极输人功率anodeinputpower加fX射线管阳极以产生X射线辐射的功率。5.2.24IU极标称输入功率nominalanodeinputpower在规定的加载时间内，对X射线管单次负载所能加的最高恒定阳极输人功率。5.2.25阳极等效输人功率equivalentanodeinputpower右规定的环境条件下，连续地把阳极输人功率加于X射线管，使阳极含热量维持在规定的水平。5.2.26X射线管组件的输人功率X一raytubeassemblyinputpower在加载前后和加载期间，出于各种目的而加在X射线管组件的平均功率，包括加在旋转阳极X射线管的定r，灯丝和X射线管组件内其他任何部件的功率。5.2.27阳极热容量anodeheatcontent加载期间累积或加载后保留在X射线管阳极中的热量瞬时值。5.2.28阳极最大热容量maximumanodeheatcontent最大容许的阳极热容量。5.2.2，阳极发热曲线anodeheatingcurve在规定的阳极恒定输入功率下，表示阳极热含量与加载时间的函数关系曲线。5.2.30阳极冷却曲线anodecoolingcurve阳极输人功率为零时，表示阳极热含量与时间函数关系的曲线由一次加载时间使阳极热含量等于最大阳极热含量时开始。5.2.31X射线管组件热容量X一raytubeassemblyheatcontentX射线管组件所包含的热量瞬时值。5.2.32X射线管组件最大热容量maximumX一raytubeassemblyheatcontent在规定的环境条件下，X射线管组件热容量的最大允许值。5.2.33X射线管组件发热曲线X一raytubeassemblyheatingcurve在规定的加载条件下，表示X射线管组件热含量与加载时间函数关系的曲线。5.2.91X射线管组件冷却曲线X一raytubeassemblycoolingcurve阳极输人功率为零时，表示X射线管组件热含量与时间函数关系的曲线，由一次加载时间使X射线管组件最大热含hi相等后开始。5.2.95最大连续热耗散maximumcontinuousheatdissipation在规定条件厂，可连续加于X射线管组件，但不允超过其最大值含量输入功率的最大值。5.2.96阳极转速anodespeed在旋转阳极X线管中阳极转动的角速度，通常用每分钟的转数表示。5.2.97摄影额定容量radiographicrating对X射线管运行所规定的条件和在加载因素组合情况卞，X射线管达到规定负载能力的极限。5.2.96加载状态loadingstate预备状态之后，从X射线发生器预定功能开始直到X射线管加载结束为止的状态。 GB10149一885.23马待用状态、taold一bysLa企e设备开始预定之前，通过必要的或常规的预处理后的一种状态。5.2.月。准备状态propa份torystate如在待用状态卜不可能调榷设备的舰要工_作条件时可在使用期间进行调招的设备状态。5.2.41预备状态readystate在所有条件如确认操作的实行和其他任何联锁装置的补偿均以实现以及在设备通过单一操作即可)}始预定1_作时的预备状态。5.2.42、1几常状态normal。ondition各种安个保险装置都良好的状态。5.2.431司歇方式intermitt。ntmode在X射线发’}几装置中电能以单次、lb]歇或脉冲形式施加于X射线管的加载方式。例如X射线摄影、X射线电影摄影。5.2.44连续方式continuousmode在X射线发‘}毛装置中X射线竹是连续加载的方式，如放射治疗或X射线透视。5，2‘，连续显汀;。ontlnueddispl扭y在X射线设备1}t，记录和显示的放射线影象一直存在到它被下一影象所取代的间歇方式。5.2.舫自动控制系统。utomati。。ontrol、，stem在X射线发厂卜装置中，供给X射线管组件的电能由一个或几个辐射量或相应物理量的测量进行控制或俘民制的系统。5二2.盯自动照射凝控制automat，cexposu代c。。tro1在X射线发’}装置中，对一个或几个加载因素自动控制以便在预选位置上获得理想照射量的操作方法。5.24.自动照射量率控制automat‘。exposureratecontrol在X射线发生装置中，通过一个或几个加载因素的控制来自动控制辐射率以便在预选的位置上和预先确定的加载时间内获得理想的照射量的操作方式。5，249强度目动控制automaticintensitycontrol在X射线发生装置1;、，自动擦制一个或几个加载因素以便在预选的位置上获得需要的辐射鼠率的操作方式。5.3射束诊断5.3.IX身寸线透视radioscopy获得连续或断续的一系列X射线图象，并把X射线图象连续地显示为可见影象的技术。5.3.2直接X射线透视directradioscopy可见影象显示在X射线辐射束中的影象接受区或其近处显示可见影象的X射线透视。5.5.3间接X射线透视indirectradioscopy影象在f言息转换之后显示，并可间接地在辐射束之外观察的X射线透视。5.3.‘立体X射线透视stereoradioscopy从两个方向辐照一个物体产生一对影象，再通过适当光学方法观察到三维影象幻影的X射线透视。5.3.，荧光透视fluoroscopy使用荧光屏进行X射线透视技术。5‘3.石X射线摄影radiograph了戊接或在转换之后摄取，记录和选择处理影象接受面上的X射线象中所包含的信息的技术。5.3.7直接X射线摄影direotradio只raphy可在影象接受面上记录的一种X射线摄影。5381司接X射线摄影indlrectrad玉。眨「aphv GB10149一88把影象接受面上获得的信R转换后进行记录的X射线摄影。5.3.9连续X射线摄影serialradiography从规则的或不规则的一系列加载因素(相等或不等)中摄取和记录信息的一种X射线摄影。5.3.10立体X射线摄影stereo-radiography从两个方向辐照个物体产，I一对X射线照片，再通过适当光学方法观察到三维影象幻影的X射线摄影。5.3.11牙科个颐X射线摄影dentalpanoramicradiography用口腔X射线管对部分或全部牙齿进行的直接X射线摄影。5.3.12牙科全颗断层摄影dentalpanoramictomography用狄缝光阑并与X射线管和X射线图象接受器之间的相对运动配合，对部分或全部牙齿进行的直接X射线摄影。5.3.13X射线记波摄影kymography扶得物体移动轮廓图象的直接X射线摄影。5.3.14X射线电影摄影cineradiography在电影胶片L对移动物体进行快速连续的间接X射线摄影。5.3.15体层摄影tomography对物体内4个或几个层次进行的X射线摄影。5.3.16直接体层摄影directtomography在影象接受面上对物体某一层次进行影象记录的体层摄影。S.3.17厚体层摄影zonograph)对物体的相当厚层次进行的直接体层摄影。5.3.18间接体层摄影indirecttomography把影象接受面上获得的信号转换后，再对物体某一层次进行影象记录的体层摄影。5.3.19再现体层摄影reconstructivetomography把物体中获得的信息记录下来，经处理后再重新显现物体各层次影象的体层摄影。5.3.20计算体层摄影computedtomography由计算机系统实现记录和处理的重建影象体层摄影。5.3.21全身计算机X射线体层摄影X-raycomputedtomographicwhole一bodyscanner受检者置于X射线管和探测器之间，对其进行多方向的X射线扫描，并将检出的信号用计算机处理以重新体层影象的诊断装置，检查对象是包括头部在内的全身。5.3.22荧光摄影fluorography借助于荧光屏进行的间接X射线摄影。5.3.23透视屏摄影in山rectradiographybyradioscopicscreen通过X射线透视屏摄影来实现记录的间接X射线摄影。5.3.24增强器摄影indirectradiographybyimageintensifier通过X射线影象增强器输出屏摄影来实现记录的间接X射线摄影。5.‘射束治疗5.4.1表层放射治疗superficialradiotherapy通常深度在不超过1cm的人体表层组织上的放射治疗。5,4.2深部放射治疗deepradiotherapy目标区位于身体的深部，一般超过1cm深度，通常被健康组织覆盖的部位进行的放射治疗。5.4.3全身放射治疗wholebodvradiotherapy对全身或全部皮肤表层进行的放射治疗。5.4.4体腔内放射治疗intracavilaryradiotherapy GB10149一88把辐射束或一个或多个放射源通过f!理腔道或人造切口引人体腔内的放射治疗。5.4.5低压X射线治疗low-voltageX一raytherapy用不超过50kV的X射线管电压产生的X辐射进行的放射治疗。5.4.6X射线治疗X一raytherapy使用3。。kV以卜X射线管电压产生的X辐射进行的放射治疗。5.4.7接触X射线治疗contactX一raytherapy辐射源至皮肤间距离不大P5cm的X射线治疗。5.4.8近距离放射治疗plesioradiotherapy辐射源至皮肤间的平均距离在5一50cm之间的X射线辐射或丫辐射治疗。5.4.，远距离放射治疗teIeradiotherapy辐射源至皮肤间距离大于50cm的放射治疗。5.4.101M定野放射治疗stationaryradiotherapy右:照射时辐射源对患者无相对移动的放射治疗。5.4.11交叉放射治疗crossfireradiotherapy把不同方向的辐射束会聚在目标区的固定野放射治疗。如:切向放射治疗。5.4.127动射束治疗movingbeamradiotherapy在照射时，辐射源相对于患者或连续移动的放射治疗。‘X射线防护6.1从础术语6.1.1辐射危害radiationhazard指自然和人造辐射给居民、团体或专业人员带来有害的作用。6.1.2辐射防护radiationprotection对辐射危害和因辐射造成材料的损坏加以防护，避免或者使其限制在可允许的限度内。6.1.3放射防护radiologicalprotection对电离辐射的辐射防护。6.2限制和系数limitsandfactors6.2.1剂量当量极限doseequivalentlimit除固有电离辐射和医疗过程中的电离辐射外，在规定时间内积累的，应加f身体的有效剂hi当量或用于身体1部分的剂量当量值规定为放射防护实施的限值。6.2.2品质因数qualityfactor(符号:Q)用来计算相关点计算当隧的修il因数，它表示辐射在水中的直线碰撞制动能的函数关系。6.2.31_作负荷workload(符号:W)指用相应单位对产件电离辐射的设备使用程度的测定。注:对于X射线诊断设备，L作负荷用每周库(C)，每周毫安秒(.As),或每周毫安分(mAmin)表示。(1(、=lo"mAs二16.66m.Amin)通常，门乍负荷是由X射线,r电流和相应接通时间的乘积在一周内总和的平均值来确定。对J乞X射线治疗设备，1_作负荷用在距离辐射源一米处的辐射束，在一周的比释动能表示。6.2.1定向系数orientationfactor(符号:11)在计算防护屏蔽时，考虑到辐射束射向防护区的时间，工作负荷需增大的倍率。 GB10139-986.2.5i"i用系数occupancyfactorit算防护屏蔽时，考虑到防护区域占用程度和占用者的类型，工作负荷需增大的倍率系数。‘.3防护设施‘3.1防护屏蔽protectiveshielding在枚射学‘}，为限il辐射束扩一散或衰减杂散辐射所附加的设施材料。八防护屏蔽包括为放射防护提供的材料或为其他用途提供的衰减电离辐射的装置或讨料。‘3.2一次防护屏蔽primaryprotectiveshielding为衰减乘余辐射而用的防护屏蔽。“3.3建筑解蔽structualshielding山放射装置的建筑物结构部分而形成的一种防护屏蔽。‘3.3防扩，屏protecti、。barrier为保证放射防护用衰减材料制成的防护屏。.3.5M,防护leadprotection用金属铅来防护电离辐射的危害或把铅加在其他物质中以提高这些物质的防护能力。如:铅玻璃、铅橡皮等o6.3.6防护器只protectivedevice在放射学it]用f放射防护目的的器具。如:防护衣防护围裙防护手套移动防护屏6.3.7个人剂醚计personaldose一meter利用门乍人员个人随身携带以测定个人吸收剂量的小型剂量仪。了X射线测.仪器71剂u1:仪器7.1.1辐射仪rediationmeter在放射学h,用于测量电离辐射的有关41.(如放射性活度、照射量率等)的一种或几种辐射探测器和辅助件或从本功能单兀的组件。如:比释动能仪比释动能率仪面积比释动能乘积仪照射t仪限射w率仪面积照射41:乘积仪7.1.2剂址仪dosimeter用厂测4吸收剂U的辐射仪。7.1.3剂被率仪doseratemeter用l-.测U或判断吸收剂量率的辐射仪。72辐射探测器7.2.1辐射探测器radiationdetector是一种仪器，通常仪器部件或物质当存在辐射时，可直接或间接地提供信号或其他适用于测量一个或儿个人射辐射Vii:的指标。7.2.2电离探测器ionizationdetector GB10149一":h以探侧器灵敏体积内的电离作用为基础的辐射探侧器。7.2.3电离室ionization。hamber‘种由充当气体的室而构成的辐射探测器，在气体中加上不能引起的气体增殖现象的电场，使探测器灵敏体积内电离辐射产生的电r和释放的电子电荷收集在电极上。7.2.4透射电离室transmissionchamber具有一个或几个能透过辐射束影响甚微的灵敏体积的电离探侧器。7.2.5全射束探All器fullbeamdetector灵敏体积受整个射束照射的辐射探测器。7.2.6对照电离室comparisonchamber用于校准目的的电离室。7.2.7灵敏体积sensitivevolume指探All]器受照射部分中对辐射敏感并且对输出信号起作用部分的体积。了.3试验器具7.3.1体模phantom在医学放射学中，使用的一块具有一定体积的物体，它对电离辐射的吸收或散射基本上和人体组织相同。体模用于模拟实际侧量条件，如:辐射防护测量;ab.评价辐射或物体诊断系统性能的侧量剂量测量o7.3.2狄缝照像机slitcamera在胶片上摄取通过狄缝的焦点射线照片时所用的设备组件。7.3.3针孔照像机pinholecamera在胶片上摄取通过针孔的焦点射线照片时所用的设备组件。7.3.4星卡照像机starpatterncamera在胶片上摄取用星形测试卡的焦点射线照片时所用的设备组件。7.3.5试验器件testdevice在试验中，能够得到所需的X射线图形的器件，它是具有规定结构，由一种或多种材料组成。例如星卡、矩形卡、铝梯等。 GB10149一8汉语索引木索引系按照拼音字母的顺序排列，左边是术语的中文名称，右边的数字是术语的编号，对于以芡文字4tIF头的术语，不是按其读音而是按其字形排在相同的拼音字母中文名称之后。2电离探测器··⋯⋯7.2.14电流时lal乘积··。⋯⋯5.2.任岛盒换片器·，，··。·1····。······，···‘·‘·4。1.生0电容放电式高压发生器3.3.9电源视在电阻5.2.17叠加焦点3.2.11靶···，，，，·················，······‘··，·，，·‘一3.1.4定时装置4.5.22靶面角·，·········，························⋯⋯3.1.7定向系数⋯6.2。4平价层····································⋯⋯2.3.22体层摄影5.3.15半价深度.......................................2.3.24对照电离室7.2.6半影区····································⋯⋯3.4.8多能量辐射2.1.5倍压式高压发生器············‘········⋯⋯3.3.10E比释动能.......................................2.3·3比释动能率··················，·····⋯⋯‘·‘’‘2.3.6二次辐射2.1.4标称电功率························⋯⋯“‘·5.2.20二次剂量监测系统4.3.4标称人射野尺寸············，··········⋯⋯4.2.37标称X射线管电压····················⋯⋯5.2.3标称最短照射时间···，，，·，·····，···⋯⋯5.2.招反射靶，································...0"3.1.5表层放射治疗···，···········，···········⋯⋯5.4.1反向散射······················⋯⋯“⋯⋯‘’·2.22表层剂量·····················，··⋯‘··⋯’“‘’·2.3.30防护屏············，·，··········，··········，，·⋯6.34波纹率。···············‘·················，·，··⋯5.2.18防护屏蔽·。········，···········。······⋯⋯’‘二6.3.1防护器具···················⋯⋯‘二‘·”“““’6.3.6防散射滤线栅··4甲，·4·······，甲·，········4·一4.2.7测破误差5.1.1放射防护·......................................6.1.3测鼠值5.1.3放射线影象······················..............4.2.6初始X射线管电压5.2.6辐射窗···········，··，······，，，·。····，·，，二3.4.23传递5.1.7辐射防护··································一6.1.2辐射能量·······························⋯⋯23.15辐射能谱.......................................2.3.18待用状态·······...............................5.2.39辐射束·.........................................3.4.4单峰高压发生器············，···········⋯⋯3.3.3辐射束轴线····················，.............3.4.6单面乳剂胶片·······················，，，，⋯⋯4.2.26辐射探侧器······················‘····⋯⋯“·7.2.1单能显辐射·····························⋯⋯‘2.1.6辐射头·.........................................3.1.3k1丝电流·································⋯⋯5.2.9辐射危害················⋯⋯............6.1.1等效能量·········，···········，··········，··⋯2.3.17辐射仪··············，·····················⋯⋯7.1.1等中心···························............3.4.28辐射野···································⋯⋯3.4.7低压X射线治疗········，，，··········⋯⋯5.4.5辐射源，，，······甲，，，，‘·····，，，·。······，一3.1.1点片装置·····················，··········⋯⋯4.1.9辐射源一皮距离..............................3.4.巧电离辐射······························⋯⋯‘·2.1，1辐射源组件·····················‘·····一“‘3.1.2电离室···································，⋯⋯7.2.3辐射质量·······························，··⋯2.3.工4 GB10149一r.;I7辐照2.2.5加载5.2.10辐照少}一关4.5.15加载时间.⋯二5.2.11辅助设备4.5.13加载因素5.2.1复合滤板4.5.3加载状态5.2.38附加滤板4.5.2建筑屏蔽6.3.3附加滤过2.3.27间接X射线摄影5.3.8附件4.5.26间接X射线透视5.3.3间接X射线照片4.2.5GI司接体层摄影5.3.18高压变压器组件························⋯⋯3.3.12间歇方式5.2.43高压发I卜器·····························⋯⋯3.3.2交叉放射治疗5.4.11隔离铁心变压器..............................3.3.11交叉滤线栅4.2.12个人剂以计·...................................6.3.7胶片换片器.4.1.11，门州I_作负简······························⋯⋯’·‘6.2.3焦点标称值·”‘’“”‘3.1玉﹁固U,野放射治疗·······················⋯⋯5.4.10声焦点辐射······⋯⋯2.1‘1n固有毖过·......................................2.3.26引焦点匀映变3.2.光电X射线影象增强器.....................4.2.33焦点外辐射2.1.8光阑·······································⋯⋯3.4.26焦点一影象接收器距离3.4.14光野指F器······························⋯⋯3.4.27焦一皮距3.4.13接触X射线治疗5.4.7H阶梯形滤板4.5.10︻r恒压高厌发it器···············。·····。。·⋯⋯3.3.界线滤板4.5.5，︻了1Iq体层摄影························⋯⋯5.3.近距离放射治疗5.4.8，，后[I]指>1}器45。1﹄静止滤线栅4.2.155.，盆q工患者支架4.均化滤板4.5.72.1o会聚距离4。1介Al度读数5.1.4‘.八.1U往会聚滤线栅4.2空气比释动能⋯2.3.‘..一4.2.1内0，，1d活动滤线栅控时器。二4.5.一﹄.，0，活动射束治疗.’“.5.4.1﹄控制台‘I·“4.5.勺n钊控制组件二4.5.﹄，1宽射束·3。4。妇胜，八产基准电流时间乘积·················，···⋯⋯5.2.15宽射束条件。。。.。。。。.。。。..⋯3.4︺‘从准方向·......................................3.4.1L基准平面································⋯⋯3.4.3基准轴线·····························，···⋯⋯3.4.2累积·······································⋯⋯2.2.8剂量测量单位·................................2.3.13累积系数·......................................2.3.29剂童当量·································⋯⋯2.3.10立体X射线摄影························⋯⋯5.3.10剂虽当量极限···························⋯⋯6.2.1立体X射线透视······。·········⋯⋯‘”二’二5.3.4剂量当量率······························⋯⋯2.3.11联锁装置·································⋯⋯4.5.24剂量监测系统·····················，···⋯⋯4.3.1连续方式·......................................5.2.44剂w率监测系统························⋯⋯4.3.2连续换片器··················⋯⋯’‘··⋯””4.1.8剂址率仪·································⋯⋯了.1.3连续显示·......................................5.2.45剂14仪····································⋯⋯7.1.2连续X射线能谱························⋯⋯2.3.19计算体层摄影···························⋯⋯5.3.20连续X射线摄影··············⋯⋯’“·‘·““5.3.9 GB10149一r.:I.亮度分布4.2.5.68剩余X射线ii电压···················⋯⋯5.2.7零滤板川于_峰高压发生器··，····4········，·⋯⋯33.6灵敏体积:-十，分之一价层····4、······，·.........1-2.3.2;3六峰高压发生器实际焦点············。····，···········、一3.1.8滤板:一:一:实际值······，·········二，··，·，···，···⋯⋯5.1.2滤过2。2.7使用说明书··，···················⋯⋯4.4.2试验器件·································⋯⋯7.3.5M输出屏······，，，，····，，，·，····，，···一4.2.U面积煦射城乘积2.3.9输出影象······，·········，···。·····】···⋯⋯4.2.42输人屏··················，········。······⋯⋯4.2.40N衰减，·······················，...........2.2.4能1A吸收2.23衰减当量··········。·，····················一2.3.20双峰高压发生器·，··········，。··········⋯⋯3.3.4P;IV面乳剂胶片··，，····4···，·······⋯⋯4.2.27品质因数水比释动能。·········，····················一2.3.5`I"行滤线栅:一:一;随机文件·························.............4.4.1QT铅当(,k··二··········，······。··⋯⋯232L体模了31铅防护·.........................................6.3.5体腔内放射治疗5.4.4前iii指小器······。·······················⋯⋯4.5.11体腔内X射线管3.2.6强"X自动控制······，，·，·····击.............5.2.49填溃材料4.5.19全射束探侧器·····················】·····⋯⋯7.2.5调整率5.2.19全身放射治疗·····，···········，·········。··⋯5.4.3调擎滤板4.5.8全身计算极X射线体层摄影·.......,...5.3.21投照区3.4.12透射2.2.6R透射靶3.1.6韧致辐射⋯2.I2透射电离室724人射表面·““‘3.4。工8透视屏摄影5.3.23入射平面··。·4.235W人射野ksf4.2.36无屏片4.2.28SX儿滤板，4，、】········，···············一4.5.4散焦值。·········。·。·。········。··········。。⋯⋯3.1H吸收剂缝散射·‘····二···········f·，········，···⋯⋯2.2.生吸收剂量率;一:一;散射辐射.......................................2.1.10狄缝照像机一‘。·······⋯⋯7.3.2栅比····。·························。·····。⋯⋯4.2.18显示·。··。·”一，⋯口祖.一516栅密度·····，········，·····，，、······一4.2.17限束器二，.·。"03.4.25摄影额定容星·····，···················。·⋯⋯5.2.37限束系统.....................3.4.24摄影装置的附件··，···············一‘·’二4.1.2限值X射线管电压。··，。·。·，。。··。一52.4深部孜射治疗，·····，··，，····44·······一5.4.2楔形滤板。·一，·。·。。·，，.，·4.5.9剩余辐射·······。··。······················⋯⋯2.1.11斜交滤线栅二“‘······。··。二，一4.2.14摄影装置·············，········⋯⋯‘二‘·4.1.1泄漏辐射·。。。‘。。。。一‘，2.1I2_"I GB10149一88星卡照像机······························⋯⋯7.34延时器·····················，··········，··⋯⋯4.5.25X射线成像装置························⋯⋯4.2.44阳极··························，···。，··⋯⋯3.2.8X射线电视系统..............................4.2.43阳极标称输人功率·············............5.2.24X射线电影摄影..............................5.3.14阳极等效输人功率····················......5.2.25X射线体层摄影床·····················⋯⋯4.1.6阳极发热曲线·.....,...........................5.2.29X射线发生装置························⋯⋯3.3.1阳极角·.........................................3.2.9X射线管·································⋯⋯3.2.4阳极冷却曲线·................................5.2.30X射线管电流.................................5.2.8阳极热容量....................................5.2.27X射线管电压························，··⋯⋯5.2.2阳极输人功率···························⋯⋯5.2.23X射线管负载···························⋯⋯5.2.22阳极转速·································⋯⋯5.2.36X射线管套····························⋯⋯3.2.3阳极最大热容量..............................5.2.28X射线管头·····························⋯⋯3.2.1一次防护屏蔽·................................6.3.2X射线肯支架···························⋯⋯3.2.5一次辐射·································⋯⋯艺.1.3X射线管组件·····，·····················⋯⋯3.2.2一次剂量监侧系统··················，··⋯⋯43.3X射线青组件的输人功率·.................5.2.26阴极·························。···········⋯⋯3.2.7X射线管组件发热曲线·....................5.2.33阴极发射特性·................................5.2.21X射线肯组件冷却曲线·....................5.2.34应用极限·······························⋯⋯4.2.20X射线管组件热容量........................5.2.31荧光屏····································⋯⋯4.2.23X射线管组件最大热容量..................5.2.32荧光摄影·......................................5.3.22X射线记波摄影························⋯⋯5.3.13荧光透视·......................................5.3.5X射线设备·························⋯⋯4影象接受面·...................................3.4.17X射线摄影······························⋯⋯5.3.6影象接受器平面·.............................3.4.10X射线摄影暗盒..............................4.5.16有屏片·.........................................4.2.29X射线摄影床···························⋯⋯4.1.4有效焦点·......................................3.1.9X射线摄影胶片·.............................4.2.25有效剂量当量···························⋯⋯2.3.12XIt线摄影纸·................................4.2.30有用面积.......................................3.4.11X射线特殊摄影床...........................4.1.3有用受照野尺寸·.............................3.4.9X射线透视·..................................5.3.1有用线束·.....................................3.4.5X射线透视屏···························⋯⋯4.2.24预备状态·································，··⋯5.2.41X射线图形·...................................4.2.1远距离放射治疗························⋯⋯5.4.9X射线荧光摄影床·····················⋯⋯4.1.5ZX射线影象接收器·····················⋯⋯4.2.22X射线影象受照区...........................4.2.2杂散辐射·································⋯⋯2.1.9X射线影象增强管...........................4.2.34窄射束····································⋯⋯3.4.19X射线影象增强器·····················⋯⋯4.2.32窄射束条件·...................................3.4.20X射线造影剂···························⋯⋯4.1.12再现体层摄影···························⋯⋯5.3.19X射线照片······························⋯⋯4.2.3增感屏······································一4.2.31X射线诊断床···························⋯⋯4.1.7增强器摄影······························⋯⋯5.3.24X射线治疗······························⋯⋯5.4.6占用系数·································⋯⋯6.2.5照射量····································⋯⋯2.3.7照射量率·································⋯⋯2.3.8J长迫器4.5.17照射时间·······························⋯⋯5.2.12漪斗全颗断层摄影5.3.12照射野尺寸·...................................3.4.10牙科全"}X射线摄影5.3.11针孔照像机·...................................7.3.3 GB!014.一88正比电流时间乘积···················。·⋯⋯5.2.16贮能高压发生器················，······⋯⋯3.3.8正常使用·..........................··，··⋯4.4.4转换系数······，····················⋯⋯‘”二4.2.39正常状态·········，，，，·············一5.242准备状态···········4······‘···，··⋯⋯5.2，409:交滤线栅·········。·········。········⋯⋯4.2.13锥形滤线栅········。··········，········一4.2.11直接体层摄影··········，，·········，···，·⋯5.3.16自动控制系统··················‘···‘·...5.2·46直接X射线摄影···4····，，··········⋯⋯5.37自动照射量控制··············，·····，···一5.2.47直接X射线透视·.............................5.3，2自动照射量率控制·..........................5.2.48直接X身寸线照片····，····，···········⋯⋯4，24总滤过··，···········、···，，，····...........2.3.28直线滤线栅·········，··，、·············。⋯⋯4.28组织等效材料.................................4.5.18指不值········，·‘··············。·········⋯⋯5.1.5组装说明书········。···················⋯⋯4.4.3质量等效滤过，···················⋯⋯2.3.25最大极限X射线管电FE,，甲······，1，，···一525治疗控制台·，·，·······，，···。。，··········⋯⋯4.35最大连续热耗散························一5.2‘35中心线·····。·························‘·。··。⋯4.2.21最大能量.......................................2.3.16 GB18149一88英语索引Aabsorbeddose·····························································································一-2.3.1absorbeddoserate····················。·············。··。···········。········。················。··。········。二2.3.2accessory····················。·····················。·········。··························，·············。。·。···一4.5.26accompanyingdocuments·····················································‘···············⋯⋯4.4.1actualfocalspot················································································⋯⋯‘’‘二’3.1.8addedfiller································································································⋯⋯4.5.2additionalfiltration·················。··········。。····················································⋯⋯2.3.27airkerma··································································，································⋯⋯2.3.4anode·······································........................................................，······⋯⋯3.2.8anodeangle····························································································⋯⋯3.2.9anodecoolingcurve·············································································⋯⋯5.2.30anodeheatcontent·············。···········。····。。·························。······。···。··。·········⋯⋯5.2.27anodeheatingcurve···································································⋯⋯‘·‘’“’·⋯⋯5.2.29anodeinputpower··················································································⋯⋯5.2.23anodespeed······························································································⋯⋯5.2.36antiscattergrid·····················································································⋯⋯4.2.7apparentresistanceofsupplymains·················.······································⋯⋯5.2.17applicationlimits······················································································⋯⋯4.2.2Careaexposureproduct·····，·······································································⋯⋯2.3.9assemblinginstructions···············································································一4.4.3associatedequipment················································································⋯⋯4.5.13attenuation·····⋯⋯“···················································································⋯⋯2.2.4attenuationequivalent··············································································⋯⋯2.3.20automatic(ontrolsystem··········································································⋯⋯5.2.46automaticexposurecontrol·····································································⋯⋯5.2.47automaticexposureratecontrol·······························································⋯⋯5.2.48automaticintensitycontrol······································································⋯⋯5.2.49B···············⋯⋯4.5.12barkpointerbackscattering··.··.·······⋯⋯2.2.2，二~Jbeamlimitingdevice，J任:一:一︸beamlimitingsystem，，1Jblooming.⋯3.1.value1O1目bolus二。45。2.1.2bremsstrahlung3.4.21broad3.4.22broadbeamconditionuP2.2.8buildbuild哪factor2.3.29 GB1014，一asspa‘itordischargehighvoltagegenerator3.3。9cascadegenerator·····························································。········。····。，····.一3.2.10cassettochanger，，，······，，······，，。·，·，····，····，，·，··，·······，·········，·······，一甲一4.1.10cathode3.2.7cathodeemissioncharacteristic5.2.21centralline4.2.21。ineradiography5.3.14comparisonchamber···。。···················。·············。·。·，，·············⋯⋯、··⋯，，....⋯⋯~.7.2.6compensatingfilter······，，···，···············，，·······，···，············一，，⋯⋯，.，一4.58compoundfilter4.5.3compressiondevice4.5.17computedtomography5.3.7.0constantpotentialhigh一voltagegenerator3.3.7contactraytherapy5.4.7continueddisplay5.2.45continuousmode村5.2.continuousXrayspectrum拍23，即controassembly4.5.乳contropanel45邪controllingL诬mer45.朋con-factor4.2.ncrossfrisrteonradiotherapy⋯诊‘二，，二叼......-二，⋯。⋯。二喻，.-..⋯，二，命.。。-.o.--.奄奋.⋯‘..⋯，.资..-.⋯，..⋯5。4。2.抢cross9，··、。，。。··，。。·。·。··，，。。奋。，。···。。。··，。.奋。·，。·一每·。·。。。·····。一4.乙14currentlimeproduct““·.⋯“，·‘二，·⋯⋯口⋯，·““.冲，⋯““口，，·⋯‘““仲⋯⋯叫，.5.deepradiotherapy··························。·········。···················.......................·一·⋯5.4.2d曰aytimer·······，··············，······。··············，··二⋯⋯*.··，，··········‘·····，，·⋯4.5.25dentalpanoramicradiography·······‘··。】····，，··········，·····，.·.......................·⋯⋯5.3.11dentalpanoramictomography...............................................·················.......5.3.12diaphragm····，··，··········。···········，········，·，··················二··，··················】····，·⋯34.26directra山ogram··········.···，····。············，·························4············，·············。一4.2.4directradiography···。。········。··························。······························，·········⋯⋯5.3.7diredradioscopy·，·········，······，·······。······················，，··‘····，··········一5.3.2directtomography················。·······..............................................................⋯5.3.16display........................................................................··················，···，⋯⋯5.1.6doseequivalentlimit·······，··4················，·二4········‘·······。···‘··················一6.2.1doseequivalent···········。········。·····················。····，·········································⋯⋯2.3.10doseequivalentrate·，···················+·，，··，·········，，········，········，，，，，·········一2.3.11dosemo川forunit，········..............................................······.····.。·········。⋯2.3.13dosemonitoringsystem......................................................................................4.3.1山seratemonitoringsystem*·············，···，········。，·········，，········，·····⋯⋯，一4.3_2玩哥苏 GB10149一88doseratemeter7.1.3dosimeter二7.1。2doubleemulsionfilm4.2.27Eedgefilter二4.5.5effectivedoseequivalent二“二2.3.12effectivefocalspotelectro一opticalXrayimageintensifier34..12..energyabsorption““.‘2.2.3entrancefieldsize····················································································⋯⋯4.2.36entranceplane·························································································⋯⋯4.2.35entrancesurface············，··········································································⋯⋯3.4.18equivalentanodeinputpower··································································⋯⋯5.2.25equivalentenergy··························································，··························一·⋯2.3.17errorofmeasurement················································.····.··.....·..·.....·..·............5.exposure···。··。。·。。······。··································。。···。·。················。···。····.······。··⋯2.;一:exposurerateextra一focalradiation:一{一:Ffieldflatteningfilter"4.5.7filamentourrent·⋯⋯-5。2.9filmchanger4.1.11filterfiltration:一:一:，几fluorescentscreen·4.2.‘J乳今gfluorography5‘‘3.Cfluoroscopy········。··············································。············⋯⋯5.Jfocalradiation2.1.7‘J‘focalspottoimagereceptordistance“二3.4口lnfocalspottoskindistance34.nlnfocaltrackltJl门focusedgrid:一:一卜‘.幻focusingdistance4.2。1心‘.，frontpointer⋯4.5.11fullbeamdetector二7.2。5Ggraph⋯4.1.1graphicattachment4.1.2gridratio·····⋯⋯4.2.griddensity.·...··，·····一4.2.269 GB1014，一89HhalfVadepth·，2324halfvalayer·2.3.22highvoltagegenerator···，。··。··‘···。，······‘.。·.··········一332highvoltagetransformerassembly头⋯⋯‘“脚。，··。·⋯‘“··。·，。。资.···一谭杆。··】·资‘·、一3.3。12Iimagereceptionarea···，，·····················，··········，···········，··················⋯⋯3.4.17imagereceptorplane························，.······。··。··········。·······························⋯⋯3.4.16indicatedvalue，·，，·······，，·········，····················，“，······················，，⋯5.1.5indiredradiogram........................············································。。··········。·.4.2.5indirectradiography························。················································”，二5.3.8indirectradiographybyradioscopicscreen··，······，···!······，·····1··········⋯...5.3.23indirectradiogaphybyimageintensifier·····，·······。···。··········。······⋯⋯，···⋯⋯5.3.24indirectradioscopy·，。·······。。······。···。‘·。·‘，·····。···。。，.，····，，，·，，，·一。·53.3indirecttomography切inherentfiltration;一:一罚initialX一rayvoltage·····一口·叶，.⋯，”，⋯介⋯爪·，5。26inputscreen。···。·.·····⋯⋯，·。····一，甲··⋯‘二甲。，·······.。⋯4.2.40instruetionforuse...................。二，·。⋯“一，，··⋯‘“.··。·····一，，。奋4.4.2intensifyingSCreen。··⋯，·一“二，，.”映·，。⋯，。‘·····一，“‘甲··一“.“42.31interlock·····。....······...·.·······....········一，⋯4.5.24intermittentmode·。·⋯幽二申..⋯⋯个.，.，.·，..甲···。·，.时.一52.43intracavitaryradiotherapy.奋二。⋯⋯甲协资‘盛.⋯4⋯早资‘.谁‘，，⋯场，.硬-.咚..⋯，舟百⋯····。··。··，。。·544inlracorporealX一raytube·····..。⋯⋯“”·，，·3.2.6ionizationchamber·······.，，··一了23ionizationdetector7.2.2ionizationradiation，···一，·，·2.1.1irradiation·.·。，.·。·。.，’。，，2。2。5irradiationfield5IZe.⋯申.⋯冲一J⋯，。.⋯润⋯⋯，，二‘.⋯个，二，二件口.每.，⋯，⋯3.4.10irradiationswitch二，..⋯⋯，....-........一峥-........................⋯⋯，..⋯⋯“..⋯，呼卜4.5.玉口irradiationtime，.t.，，协时..⋯乍二卜‘二，，⋯，，⋯奋⋯1.嘴序恤亘.，二‘二，，二，仁.皿，，早.⋯，.扭*+⋯牛.甲.⋯俘直已吸，，’.，‘~·52_‘isocentre.劝⋯，.‘-..............⋯⋯侧-二，..........-⋯⋯书二娜白.⋯‘二勺0月乙3.4.isolatedcoretransformer3.3.11Kkerma⋯时.’喻2。33kermarate.’，拓一2.3.6kymography...-⋯⋯，‘.-⋯心.勿.脚，..⋯，.⋯，’⋯‘。.‘，·5.3.13Lleadequivalent2.3.21leadprotection‘.娜尽娜奋可.-...一‘.‘皿.，.。-.⋯‘二时咨.，“，，衡爪奋协..⋯6.3。52了 GB10149一88leakageradiation······················································································⋯⋯2.1.12lightfieldindicator·······································⋯⋯“’“““’二““‘”二“·’‘’‘’“‘·““二‘”3.4.27limitedXraytubevoltage················································⋯⋯‘·⋯‘⋯‘二‘二‘二’·‘5.2.4limitedmaximumXraytubevoltage·····················································-··⋯5.2.5lineargrid······························································································⋯⋯4.2.8loading······································································································⋯⋯5.2.10loadingfactor···························································································⋯⋯5.2.1loadingstate。················································································。···········⋯⋯5.2.38loadingtime·····························································································⋯⋯5.2.11lowvoltageX一raytherapy·····································································⋯⋯5.4.5luminancedistribution···························。·········。·。··········。。。······。··················⋯⋯4.2.38Mmaximumanodeheatcontent·······························。·····················，·············⋯⋯5.2.28maximumcontinuousheatdissipation·············⋯⋯‘·‘二‘·‘’二’二‘·‘”“’·’·“‘’“‘’“‘’·‘二5.2.35maximumenergy···················································。··································⋯⋯2.3.16maximumXraytubeassemblyheatcontent··········································⋯⋯5.2.32measuredvalue···························································································一5.1.3monoenergeticradiation···········································································⋯⋯2.1.6movingbeamradiotherapy········································································⋯⋯5.4.12mo们nggrid···································。···························································⋯⋯4.2.16Nnarrowbeam·····························································································⋯⋯3.4.19narrowbeamcondition················································································“二3.4.20nominalanodeinputpower·········································································一5.2.24nominalelectricpower······································一‘⋯‘·“·‘”“·““’·””··········⋯⋯5.2.20nominalentrancefieldsize······················，··············································⋯⋯4.2.37nominalfocalspotvalue⋯⋯‘二‘二‘···············.’。二‘二‘二’二’·‘’·”·’‘·”’·““⋯‘’‘二‘·“二‘二“3.1.10nominalshortestirradiationtime""""""""""·····。·······4··········。··········，··············""""^""5.2.13nominalX一raytubevoltage⋯⋯“··。·········⋯⋯‘二’二‘二“·’二’一’·”二““‘’‘二““’‘·““二’5.2.3nonscreen川m·······················································································~·⋯4.2.28normalcondition..........................................................................................，二5.2.42normaluse·············································，·······························。··················⋯⋯4.4.4Oobliquecrossgrid’.4.2.14occupancyfactor6.2.5onepeakhigh一voltagegenerator3.3.3orientationfactor6.2.4orthogonalCross4.2.134.2.42outputimageoutputscreen4.2.412了 GB10149一88Pparallelgrid··························································································⋯⋯4.2.9patientsupport··························································································⋯⋯4.5.14penumbra····························，······································································⋯⋯3.4.8percentagemodulation....................................................................................5.2.19percentageripple·····················································································⋯⋯5.2.18personaldose-meter·················································································⋯⋯6.3.7phantom，····································································································⋯⋯7.3.1pinholecamera·························································································⋯⋯7.3.3plesioradiotherapy···································································......................5.4.8polyenergeticra山ation··············································································一2.1.5preparatorystate·······················································································⋯⋯5.2.40primarydosemonitoringsystem······································。·····················...⋯⋯4.3.3primaryprotectiveshielding····································································⋯⋯6.3.2primaryradiation............................................................................................2.1.3proportionalcurrenttimeproduct.........................................................···⋯⋯5.2.16protectivebarrier·········.························⋯⋯6.3.4protectivedevice·········。·······················。。⋯⋯6.3.6protectiveshielding·。·······。······················。···一6.3.1Qqualityequivalentfiltration2.3.25qualityfactor·6.2.2Rradiationaperture3.4.23radiation3.4.4radiationbea二aXIS·一3.4.6radiationdetector.⋯7.2.1radiationenergy。二2.3.15radiationfield3.4.7radiationhazard6.1.1radiationhead3.1.3radiationmeter7.1.1radiationprotection6.1.2radiationquality2.3.14radiationsour亡e3.1.1radiationsourceassembly3.1.2radiationsourcetoskindistance3.4.15radiationspectrum2.3.18radiogram·‘4.2。3radiographiccassette164。5。radiographicfilm25二4.2 GB1o149一88radiographicpaper······························，··········，·········，·，····························⋯⋯4.2.30radiographicrating··························。······················································⋯⋯5.2.37radiography································································································一5.3.6radiologicalimage··················································································⋯⋯4.2.6radiologicalprotection············································································⋯⋯6.1.3radiopaqueagent·······················································································⋯⋯4.1.12radioscopicscreen··················································································⋯⋯4.2.24radioscopy························，·······································································⋯⋯5.3.1readystale······························································································⋯⋯5.2.41receptivearea··························································································⋯⋯3.4.12reconstructivetomography······································································⋯⋯5.3.19referenceaxis··························································································⋯⋯3.4.2referencecurrenttimeproduct·································································⋯⋯5.2.15referencedirection···········.............................................................................3.4.1referenceplane...............................................................................·········⋯⋯3.4.3reflectiontarget.......................................................................................⋯⋯3.1.5residualradiation·“一“··⋯⋯，⋯‘⋯，二‘·‘·‘⋯‘..................，..⋯⋯‘··⋯“·.⋯⋯2.1.11residualXraytubev引tage·····································································⋯⋯5.2.7Sscalereading······························································································一5.1.4scatteredradiation····················································································⋯⋯2.1.10scattering················································································。··················⋯⋯2.2.1screenfilm·······························································································⋯⋯4.2.29secondatydosemonitoringsystem·····················一‘二‘······⋯⋯“‘”·‘·‘·⋯⋯‘’·⋯⋯4.3.4secondatyradiation.........................................................................................2.1.4sensitivevolume·······················································。·······························⋯⋯7.2.7serialchanger···················，········································································⋯⋯4.1.8serialradiography·························，···························································⋯⋯5.3.9singleemulsionfilm·················································································⋯⋯4.2.26six-peakhigh一voltagegenerator······························································⋯⋯3.3.5slitcamera··················，·············································································⋯⋯7.3.2spot川mdevice·⋯;.····················································································一4.1.9stand-bystate·························································································⋯⋯5.2.39starpatterncamera···················································································⋯⋯7.3.4stationarygrid·························································································⋯⋯4.2.15stationaryradiotherapy·············································································⋯⋯5.4.10stepfilter······················································································。············一4.5.10stereo一radiography························································，····························一5.3.10stereoradioscopy···，········，·········································，·····························⋯⋯5.3.4storedenergyhigh一voltagegenerator······················································⋯⋯3.3.8strayradiation··························································································⋯⋯2.1.9structuralshielding···········，········································································，⋯6.3.3superficialradiotherapy···········································································..^..5.4.1273 GB10149一88l1superimposedfocalspots3。2。30surfacedose~2.3.Ttaperedgrid··⋯，二，⋯，，二口.，....·.⋯⋯‘··⋯~.4.2.11target···········.·.··。.，····················.··············.........·······⋯⋯3.1。4targetangle································································································一3.1.7teleradiotherapy·······················································································⋯⋯5.4.9tenth一valuelayer·························································⋯⋯‘·····················一·⋯2.3.23testdevice······························································································⋯⋯7.3.5thoraousfilter··························································································⋯"""4.5.4limingdevice···，························································································⋯⋯4.5.22tissueequivalentmaterial········································································⋯⋯4.5.18tomography·······························································································⋯⋯5.3.15totalfiltration··························································································⋯⋯2.3.28transfer·····································································································⋯⋯5.1.7transmission.....................................................................................................2.2.6transmissionchamber························································，·······。···。············⋯⋯7.2.4transmissiontarget····················································································⋯⋯3.1.6treatmentcontrolpanel············································································一·⋯4.3.5truevalue·································································································⋯⋯5.1.2twelve-peakhigh-voltagegenerator······················································⋯⋯3.3.6twopeakhi叻voltagegenerator·.···，........，··‘···-···································一3.3.4Uusefularea·············一，··························。··························。。。·····。.·一，··········⋯⋯3.4.11usefulbeam··········。。。················。···············。··············。····。··········。·。················⋯⋯3.4.5usefulobjectfieldSIZe···················。。·········。····。·······⋯⋯3.4.9waterkerma二2.3.5wedgefilter~.，·4.5.9wholebodyradiotherapyworkload:一;一:XXraycomputedtomographicwhole一bodyscanner·································⋯⋯5.2.21Xraydiagnostictable········································。·························。···········⋯⋯4.1.7Xrayequipment····················⋯⋯“···········⋯⋯‘二‘·‘·····⋯⋯’“”二‘·‘·⋯⋯”·“““’4Xraygenerator。···················。。·。·。··················。。·。·。。·············。·····················。··⋯3.3.1Xrayimageintensifier······································，·································⋯⋯4.2.32XrayimageintensJiertube···································································⋯⋯4.2.34Xrayimagereceptionarea·····································································⋯⋯4.2.2Xray.magereceptor··········································.........................................4.2.22)7 GB10149一88Xrayimagingarrangement。⋯⋯“““‘’“““‘。‘’“‘·”‘”“””“‘’‘”‘’‘·一“.4.2.44Xraypattern··························································································⋯⋯4.2.1Xraytableforspecialuse················································⋯⋯””“““‘·‘··⋯“’4.1.3Xrayradiographictable··············································⋯⋯‘·““““⋯⋯“”‘’“·4.1.4Xrayphotofluorographictable··························································⋯⋯4.1.5Xraytelevisionsystem······，····································································⋯⋯4.2.43Xraytherapy··················································⋯⋯5.4.6Xraytomographictable4.1.6Xraytube3.2.4Xraytubeassembly3.2.2Xraytubeassemblycoolingcurve.⋯5.2.34Xraytubeassemblyheatcontent5.2.31Xraytubeassemblyheatingourve5.2.33Xraytubeassemblyinputpower5.2.26Xraytubecurrent5.2.8XraytubeheadX3.2.1raytubehousing·····一3.23XraytubeloadX5.2.22raytubesupportingdeviceX3.2.5raytubevoltage5.22Zzerofilter4.5.6zonography5.3.17附加说明:本标准由全国医用电器标准化技术委员会提出。木标准由辽宁省医疗机械研究所归口。本标准由辽，1省医疗器械研究所起草。本标准1三要起草人张凤海、贺玉华。27只'