GBT2900.58-2002电工术语发电、输电及配电电力系统规划和管理.pdf 24页

'ICs01.040.29x04tFIh:I}-PM-Eris中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T2900.58-2002/lEC60050(603):1986电工术语发电、输电及配电电力系统规划和管理Electrotechnicalterminology-Generation,transmissionanddistributionofelectricity-Powersystemplanningandmanagement(IEC60050(603):1986,IDT)2002一08一05发布2003一01一01实施中华人民共和匡国家质量监督检验检疫总肩 GB/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603):1986目次前言···············································································································。··⋯⋯m1范围·························。····················································································⋯⋯12电力系统的规划和管理·····················································································⋯⋯12.1电力系统规划············。···················································································⋯⋯12.艺电力网计算····。······················，·············，·············，·········································，·⋯⋯12.3电力系统稳定性···························································，.······························⋯⋯42.4电力系统控制···············。··········。····································································⋯⋯62.5电力系统可靠性····················。························。···············。。····························⋯⋯102.6经济运行·...........................................................................................................12中文索引·····································。······················。···········。·。··。························。···一13英文索引·········································································································⋯⋯16 GB/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603):1986月明吕GB/T290。的本部分根据IEC50(603):1986《国际电工词汇发电、输电及配电电力系统规划和管理》及其第一次修改Amendment1:1998制定，其中有7条术语的定义依据IEC最新出版且与IEC50(603)相关的标准IEC60050(191):1999《国际电工词汇可信性和服务质量》(第一次修改)和IEC60050(195):1998《国际电工词汇接地和电击防护》制定，在技术内容上与上述标准等效。本部分为发电、输电及配电系统系列术语国家标准之一，该系列标准由下列五个部分组成:GB/T2900.50-1998《电工术语发电、输电及配电通用术语》GB/T2900.52-2000《电工术语发电、输电及配电发电》GB/T2900.57-2002《电工术语发电、输电及配电运行》GB/T2900.58-2002《电工术语发电、输电及配电电力系统规划和管理》GB/T2900.59-2002《电工术语发电、输电及配电变电站》本部分由中国电力企业联合会提出。本部分由全国电工术语标准化技术委员会归口。本部分负责起草单位:中国电力科学研究院和机械科学研究院。本部分主要起草人:林海雪、杨芙、赵刚。 GB/T2900.58-2002/lEC60050(603)门986电工术语发电、输电及配电电力系统规划和管理，范围GB/T2900的本部分规定了发电、输电及配电领域中有关电力系统的规划和管理的术语。2电力系统的规划和管理2.，电力系统规划2.1.1电力系统规划powersystemplanning从技术和经济上全面论证，提出电力系统的发展方案。2.1.2负荷密度loaddensity在给定的供电区域内，负荷和区域面积的比值。2.1.3负荷中心loadcentre供电区内的一个点，供电区内每一个负荷与其至该点的距离之积的总和为最小值。2.1.4负荷预测loadforecast对电网将来某一预期的负荷所作的估计。2.1.5发电构成预测generationmixforecast对将来某一预期的发电系统构成所作的估计。2.1.6联接线输送容，transmissioncapacityofalink在特定的条件下，根据系统联接线的物理和电气特性而确定的该联接线可能输送的最大负荷。2.1.7短路电流允许值short-circuitcurrentcapability在规定的短路持续时间内，电网某元件允许的短路电流值。2.2电力网计算2.2.1电力网计算networkcalculation利用系统参数和其他已知状态变量对电力网的系统状态变量所作的计算。2.2.2系统状态变fsystemstatevariables与系统电气状态有关的诸变量，如电压、电流、功率、电荷、磁通等。 ca/T2900.58-2002/lEC60050(603)门9862.2.3系统参数systemparameters;systemconstants表示系统元件特性且当作不变的量，如阻抗、导纳、变比等。2.2.4网络拓扑networktopology电力网用理想线条的相关位置来描述。2.2.5网络拓扑图topologicaldiagramofanetwork用图形表示的网络拓扑。2.2.6系统稳态steadystateofasystem系统状态变量可以视为常数的电网运行状态。2.2.7系统暂态transientstateofasystem至少有一个状态变量正在变化(一般是短时的)的电网运行状态。2.2.8潮流计算loadflowcalculation电力网的一种稳态计算，计算时已知变量是各节点的输人和输出功率以及某些指定的节点电压。2.2.9状态估计stateestimation通过求解由冗余量测得到的参数所构成的非线性方程组，来计算规定时刻电力网中最可能的电流和电压。2.2.10短路计算short-circuitcalculation计算电网中短路时的电流和电压。2.2.11等值网络equivalentnetwork一个给定网络的替代网络，其规定的边界节点的状态变量保持不变。2.2.12网络变换networkconversion;networktransformation将一个网络变换为一个便于计算的等值网络。2.2.13星形一多角形变换star-polygonconversion;star-polygontransformation一种减少节点数目的网络变换。2.2门40-Y变换delta-wyeconversion;delta-startransformation一种减少网孔数目的网络变换。2.2.15有源网络activenetwork有电压源和(或)电流源的网络。2.2.16无源网络passivenetwork既无电压源也无电流源的网络。 GB/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603)门9862.2.17无源等值网络passiveequivalentnetwork仅对系统参数进行网络变换后得出的等值网络。2.2.18多相网络平衡状态balancedstateofapolyphasenetwork各相导体中电压和电流构成平衡多相组的状态。2.2.19多相网络不平衡状态unbalancedstateofapolyphasenetwork各相导体中电压和(或)电流构成不平衡多相组的状态。2.2.20串联阻抗seriesimpedance;longitudinalimpedance等值于已知网络元件的二端口网络中相端子间的阻抗口2.2.21并联导纳shuntadmittance等值于已知网络元件的二端口网络中，其相节点和参考端子间的导纳。2.2.22故障阻抗faultimpedance故障相导体与地间，或者几个故障相本身导体间在故障点处的阻抗，如电弧电阻等。2.2.23线路波阻抗surgeimpedanceofaline等同于所给定线路参数的一条无限长线路上行波的电压与电流的比值。2.2.24线路自然功率naturalloadofaline由线路电容和电感引起的无功功率相平衡而使线路呈现纯电阻性时，该线路所输送的功率。2.2.25部分仁导体〕持续故障电流partial(conductor)continuityfaultcurrent由于另一点导体持续故障而流经该电网给定点的电流。2.2.26部分短路电流partialshort-circuitcurrent由于另一点短路而流经该电网给定点的电流。2.2.27[导体」持续故障电流(conductor)continuityfaultcurrent流经持续故障导体的电流。2.2.28短路电流short-circuitcurrent流经短路点的电流。2.2.29参考节点referencenode电网的一个节点，此节点电压的相位在复数平面上可以任意给定，其他各节点的状态变量相位根据该节点电压相位来确定。2.2.30无限大母线infinitebus电网的一个节点，此节点电压的幅值、相位和频率预先给定，在各种运行条件下保持恒定。 GB/T2900.58-2002/lEC60050(603):19862.2-31平衡节点balancingbus电网的一个节点，此节点注人功率使电网其他所有节点注人功率和功率损耗总和取得平衡。2.2.32松弛节点slackbus一个电压幅值预先给定的无限大母线，同时作为参考节点和平衡节点。2.2.33负荷节点loadbusPQ节点PQbus预先给定了有功功率和无功功率注人量的节点。2.2.34电压控制节点voltagecontrolledbus预先给定了有功功率注人量和电压幅值的节点。2.2.35无源节点passivebus注人有功功率及无功功率为零的节点。2.2.36关联矩阵incidencematrix描述网络拓扑的矩阵，如支路一节点关联矩阵，支路一网孔关联矩阵。2.2.37节点导纳矩阵busadmittancematrix;Ybusmatrix描述节点输入电流和节点电压关系的矩阵2.2.38节点阻抗矩阵busimpedancematrix;Zbusmatrix指节点导纳矩阵的逆矩阵。2.2.39网孔阻抗矩阵meshimpedancematrix描述网孔电压和网孔电流关系的矩阵。2.2.40冗余因数redundancyfactor表征一组可用于网络状态估计的量度数值。‘2n王m-一，式中:r一冗余因数;m—电网中量度次数;”—电网节点数。2.3电力系统稳定性2.3.1电力系统稳定性powersystemstability电力系统受扰动(如功率或阻抗变化等)后各发电机保持同步运行、恢复稳态运行的能力。2.3.2电力系统静态稳定性steadystatestabilityofapowersystem GB/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603):1986电力系统稳定性的一种类型，其扰动量和(或)扰动变动率相对较小。2.3.3电力系统暂态稳定性transientstabilityofapowersystem电力系统稳定性的一种类型，其扰动量和(或)扰动变动率相对较大。2.3.4电力系统条件稳定性conditionalstabilityofapowersystem借助于自动控制才能达到的一种电力系统稳定性状态。2.3.5电力系统固有稳定性inherentstabilityofapowersystem不借助于自动控制的一种电力系统稳定性。2.3.6交流电机内角internalangleofanalternator交流电机的端电压和其电动势之间的相角差。2.3.7两电动势间相角差angleofdeviationbetweentwoe.m.f."s作为参考的交流电机电动势与另一台交流电机或无限大母线电动势之间的相角差。2.3.8摇摆a线swingcurve系统出现扰动后，某一给定的系统状态变量随时间的变化曲线。2.3.9负荷稳定性loadstability受扰动后，有旋转电机的负荷恢复稳定运行状态的能力。2.3.10系统状态变f稳定极限stabilitylimitofasystemstatevariable系统某状态变量的临界值，超过此值就会破坏系统稳定性注:对无故障的电力系统，此术语和系统的静态稳定性相关2.3.11系统状态变f稳定裕度stabilitymarginofasystemstatevariable系统某状态变量的实际值与其稳定极限值间的差值。注:稳定裕度一般表示为极限值一实际值X100%实际值2.3.12稳定区stabilityzone系统状态变量处于稳定极限内的运行范围。2.3.13电机同步运行synchronousoperationofamachine连接到电网的同步电机理想运行状态，其电角速度相应于电网频率。注:实际运行条件下，电机的角速度围绕理想值有微小的振荡2.3.14系统同步运行synchronousoperationofasystem系统中所有的电机都同步运行的系统状态。2.3.15同步电机异步运行asynchronousoperationofasynchronousmachine GB/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603)门986同步电机的非同步运行状态。对于同步发电机，其异步转矩等于原动机转矩;对于同步电动机，其异步转矩等于其轴转矩。2.3.16失步运行out-of-stepoperation并联同步电机运行时，两台或者多台同步电机之间的相角差增加，最后失去同步或直到恢复同步前的运行状态2.3.17并联同步电机振荡huntingofinterconnectedsynchronousmachines并联各同步电机间的振荡，此时这些电机电动势的相角差在其平均值的两侧摆动。2.3.18两系统同步synchronizationoftwosystems两系统在频率、电压幅值和电压相位方面相匹配，以便能够并联。2.3.19自同步self-synchronization一台空载且未励磁的同步电机的同步过程，即在并入系统同时给励磁或在并人后即给励磁，由系统拖人同步。2.3.20再同步synchronismrestoration失步的同步电机恢复同步运行的过程。2.3.21电力系统不稳定性powersysteminstability电力系统受扰动后，不能达到原来的或新的稳态运行状态。注1:本概念不能用于只由直流互联的交流系统之间的相互作用。注2:本定义不包含电压不稳定性(见IEC60050(60,0-01-15)2.3.22静态不稳定性(电力系统)steady-stateinstability(ofapowersystem)电力系统缺乏静态稳定性。注1:静态不稳定性一般是由于输送过大的功率引起的注2:失去静态稳定性时，至少有一台发电机的有功功率对其电动势和参考电动势之间角差的导数为负值注3:若一个电力系统在稳态运行状态下不能承受任何小扰动而保持稳定运行，则称为静态不稳定性.2.3.23暂态不稳定性(电力系统)transientinstability(ofapowersystem)由于大扰动或运行状态的变动一台或多台发电机组(单独或一群)与电力系统其余部分失去同步注:诸如短路或阻抗突然变化可以认为是大扰动。2.3.24振荡不稳定性(电力系统)oscillatoryinstability(ofapowersystem)动态不稳定性(电力系统)dynamicinstability(ofapowersystem)由于阻尼不够导致电力系统振荡，这种振荡不一定引起失步。注:在振荡不稳定性时，至少有一台发电机的有功功率对转子转速的导数是负值2.4电力系统控制2.4.1电力系统管理powersystemmanagement使发电、输电和配电设备有效运行，以充分保证供电的安全可靠和经济。6 GB/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603):19862.4.2发电计划generationschedule发电设备在规定周期内的运行计划。2.4.3系统需f控制systemdemandcontrol对电力系统用户的电力需量控制。2.4.4一次调频primarycontrol(ofthespeedofgeneratingsets)通过各原动机调速器来调节各发电机组转速，以使驱动转矩随系统频率而变动。2.4.5二次调频secondarycontrol(ofactivepowerinasystem)由指定的发电机组协同调整输人系统的有功功率。2.4.6功率/频率调节power/frequencycontrol根据系统频率的变化，和互联各系统交换的总有功功率的变化，而对发电机组有功功率的二次调频。2.4.7自适应控制adaptivecontrol调节性能随时变化，以优化某些运行状态为目标的一种二次调频。2.4.8机组静特性droopofaset频率标么值变化(ADIL和功率标么值变化(AP)/P,之比。式中f为标称频率;P=为原动机的额定有功功率o=(of/f)/(o尸/尸n)2.4.9系统静特性droopofasystem电力系统频率标么值变化和对应的有功功率需量标么值变化之比。2.4.10系统功率/频率调节特性regulatingenergyofasystem;power/frequencycharacteristic电力系统在没有二次调频时，系统有功功率需量变化与对应的频率变化之比。2.4.11调节功率范围controllingpowerrange系统调节器作用的各发电机组有功功率调节范围的总和。2.4.12同步时间synchronoustime同步电钟指示的时间。2.4.13同步时间偏差deviationofsynchronoustime同步时间与标准时间的偏差2.4.14静态负荷特性steady-stateloadcharacteristic在稳态工况下，负荷的功率与负荷端电压或频率的关系。 G$/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603)门9862.4.15暂态负荷特性transientloadcharacteristic在暂态工况下，负荷的功率与负荷端电压或频率的关系。2."4.16负荷的功率调节系数power-regulationcoefficientofload功率一电压静态负荷特性中，功率对电压的一阶导数2.4.17计划运行(发电机组)scheduledoperation(ofageneratingset)在规定的期间内，指定某台发电机组按预先规定的恒定负荷或负荷曲线运行。2.4.18[二次7功率调节运行(发电机组)(secondary)powercontroloperation(ofageneratingset)发电机组的功率按二次调频装置的指令进行调节。2.4.19调节范围(发电机组)controlrange(ofageneratingset)功率可调节的发电机组有功功率的调节范围。2.4.20基本负荷机组baseloadset按经济运行要求，接近满负荷连续运行的发电机组。2.4.21调节负荷机组controllableset按经济运行要求，根据电网供电需求而改变负荷的发电机组。2.4.22尖峰负荷机组peakloadset在电网尖峰负荷时迅速带负荷，一般不连续运行的发电机组。2.4.23电压调节voltagecontrol将电网电压值调整到给定范围内。2.4.24电压图voltagemap在规定运行工况下，电网主要节点电压的图示。2.4.25纵向电压调节in-phase(voltage)control用附加可变纵向电压分量的电压调节。2.4.26横向电压调节quadrature(voltage)control用附加可变横向电压分量的电压调节。2.4-27无功功率电压调节reactive-powervoltagecontrol通过调整系统中无功功率来调节电压。2.4.28无功功率补偿reactivepowercompensation改善电网无功功率的一种措施。 Gs/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603):19862.4.29串联补偿seriescompensation用接人串联电容器以减小线路串联阻抗的一种无功功率补偿方式。2.4.30并联补偿shuntcompensation通过将电抗器、电容器或其他补偿设备与电网并联的一种无功功率补偿方式。2.4.31电网解列networksplitting;islanding(USA)一个电力系统分裂为两个或多个孤立系统的过程注:电网解列既可能是一种慎重的紧急措施，或是自动保护或调节作用的结果，或是人为错误造成的。2.4.32孤立系统(电力系统中)island(inapowersystem)电力系统的一部分，这部分和系统其余部分解列，但仍保持运行。2.4.33减负荷loadshedding在不正常运行工况时，从电力系统中慎重地切除预先安排的一些负荷，以维持系统其余部分的安全运行。2.4.34孤立运行isolatedoperation电网解列之后，电力系统各部分短时的稳定运行2.4.35分网运行separatenetworkoperation一个电力系统与相邻系统解列后的一种运行。2.4.36并联运行paralleloperation互联电力系统的同步运行或电网元件(如线路、变压器、发电机)的并联运行。2.4.37互联运行，nterconnectedoperation几个通过线路、变压器、直流联结线互联的电网能够相互交换电力的运行。2.4.38电网局部环式运行ringoperationofapartofanetwork电网局部的每一点都能从一个或两个电源沿两条不同线路供电的运行方式。注:该运行方式称为:“闭环”一如果该电网中每一点正常都由两条线路供电;“开环”—如果该电网中每一点可以从两条线路中任一条供电2.4.39电网局部辐射运行radialoperation(ofapartofanetwork)电网局部的每一点仅沿一条线路受电的运行方式。2.4.40联环ringclosing从辐射运行转换为环式运行或建立环式联接。2.4.41解环ringopening从环式运行转换为辐射运行或断开环式联接。 GB/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603)门9862.4.42可停电负荷interruptibleload根据合同规定，供电部门可以将其断开电源一段时间的特定用户的负荷。2.4.43可控负荷controllableload在供电部门要求下，按合同必须限制用电一段时间的特定用户的负荷。2.4.44失负荷lossofload突然削减电网电力需求。2.4.45电力短缺powershortfall任何时刻出现的与电力需量相比的可用电力不足。2.4.46电能短缺energyshortfall在一段时间内与电能需量相比的可用电能不足。2.5电力系统可命性2.5.1产品的可靠性reliabilityofanitem产品在规定的条件下和规定的时间内，完成规定功能的能力。注:产品是指部件、零件、装置、设备、功能单元、子系统或独立系统。产品可以包括硬件、软件，特殊情况下也可以包括人员。[IEC60050(191-01-01)j2.5.2供电可靠性servicereliability电力系统在规定的条件下和规定的时间内完成其供电功能的能力。2.5.3供电安全性servicesecurity电力系统在故障情况下在规定的时刻执行其供电功能的能力。2.5.4可用性availability产品处于能够执行其所具备功能的状态。2.5.5停运outage;unavailability产品处于不能够执行其所具备功能状态的能力。2.5.6故障failure产品因自身原因失去执行所具备功能的能力。2.5.7计划停运plannedoutage;scheduledoutage为维修或其他目的事先安排好的停运。2.5.8强迫停运forcedoutage非计划停运，其发生不论是自动还是手动，都是不可推迟的。2.5.9可用因数availabilityfactor在规定的期间内，可用时间与该段时间之比。 GB/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603):19862.5.10不可用因数unavailabilityfactor在规定的期间内，不可用时间与该段时间之比。2.5.11停电interruptionofsupply一个或多个用户中断供电。2.5.12原发故障primaryfailure不是由另一个产品故障直接或间接引起的产品故障。2.5.13继发故障secondaryfailure由另一个产品故障直接或间接引起的产品故障。2.5.14共模故障commonmodefailure由于同一原因引起的多个原发故障。2.5.15运行时间operatingduration在规定的期间内，产品执行规定功能的持续时间。2.5.16备用时间stand-byduration在规定期间内，产品虽能执行其功能，但实际上未让其执行的时间。2.5.17可用时间upduration在规定的期间内，运行时间与备用时间之和。2.5.18不可用时间downduration;outageduration在规定的期间内，产品不能执行其功能的时间。2.5.19计划停运时间planned-outageduration;scheduled-outageduration在规定的期间内，产品根据计划安排退出运行而不执行其功能的时间。2.5.20维修时间maintenanceduration在规定的期间内，产品因维修而不能执行其功能的时间。2.5.21强迫停运时间forced-outageduration在规定的期间内，由于故障使产品不能执行其功能的时间。2.5.22修复时间repairduration修复损坏产品所需的时间。2.5.23停电持续时间interruptionduration从中断向用户供电开始至恢复供电的时间。2.5.24停运率outagerate Gs/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603)门986对于特定类型的停运和在规定时段内，产品的停运次数与规定时段的比值。例如:此概念也可以用于诸如计划停运率，强迫停运率等。2.6经济运行2.6.1电力系统预测管理managementforecastofasystem计及电力系统当前和可预见未来的各种条件，对一定期间内该电力系统的发电、蓄释能方法和电网结线所作的安排和论证，以达到在必要的安全基础上以最经济方式向预期负荷供电。2.6.2经济负荷optimumload电网某一元件在规定条件下综合成本的现在值最低时的负荷。2.6.3经济承载计划economicloadingschedule最经济地使用电网中的可用元件。2.6.4功率损耗powerlosses某一时刻电网有功输入总功率与有功输出总功率的差值。2.6.5电能损耗energylosses功率损耗对时间的积分。2.6.6输电损耗transmissionlosses输电网中设备引起的损耗。2.6.7配电损耗distributionlosses配电网中设备引起的损耗。2.6.8最大功率损耗等值时间utilizationtimeofpowerlosses在规定期间内电能损耗值与最大功率损耗之比2.6.9r电能l损耗因数(energy)lossfactor最大功率损耗等值时间与规定时间之比2.6.10损耗费用现在值presentvalueofcostlosses;presentworthofcostoflosses(USA)按现在值计算的年度损耗费用的总和。2.6.11停电费用supply-interruptioncosts用于经济研究中例行的由停电造成的社会经济损失费用的估计。2.6.12电力系统改造reinforcementofasystem通过增加或更换电力系统某些产品(变压器、线路、发电机等)，以增加带负荷能力或改善供电质量2.6.13’‘目标”系统“target"system根据远景负荷(包括功率和地点)设计的电力系统预测模型这种模型也作为近期电力系统改造的指导 Gs/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603):1986中文索引电能损耗···································⋯⋯2.6.5[电能7损耗因数.................................2.6.9备用时间································⋯⋯2.5.16电网解列·......................................2.4.31△一丫变换·......................................2.2.14电网局部辐射运行·····················⋯⋯2.4.39并联补偿································⋯⋯2.4.30电网局部环式运行····················⋯⋯2.4.38并联导纳·································⋯⋯2.2.21电压控制节点···························⋯⋯2.2.34并联同步电机振荡·····················⋯⋯2.3.17电压调节·······························⋯⋯2.4.23并联运行······················。·········⋯⋯2.4.36电压图···········，······················⋯⋯2.4.24不可用时间····························⋯⋯2.5.18动态不稳定性(电力系统)···········⋯⋯2.3.24不可用因数······························⋯⋯2.5.10短路电流································⋯⋯2.2.28部分仁导体〕持续故障电流······⋯⋯2.2.25短路电流允许值··、·····，“·““““““‘·⋯2.1.7部分短路电流···························⋯⋯2.2.26短路计算·································⋯⋯2.2.10多相网络不平衡状态··················⋯⋯2.2.19多相网络平衡状态·····················⋯⋯2.2.1829参考节点·········。········。·。·······。····⋯⋯2.2.1产品的可命性·····························⋯⋯2.潮流计算····································⋯⋯2.2.8[二次I功率调节运行(发电机组)···⋯⋯2.4.1829串联补偿···。····························⋯⋯2.4二次调频····································一2.4.520串联阻抗························。········⋯⋯2.2发电构成预测······························”二2.1.5「导体〕持续故障电流···············⋯⋯.2.2.27发电计划·········“························⋯⋯2.礴.2等值网络································⋯⋯2.2.11分网运行·····························⋯⋯”·2.4.35电机同步运行···························⋯⋯2.3.13负荷的功率调节系数·················⋯⋯2.416电力短缺·····。···························⋯⋯2.4.45负荷节点·································⋯⋯2.2.33电力网计算···································一2.2.1负荷密度···································⋯⋯2.1.2电力系统不稳定性·····················⋯⋯2.3.21负荷稳定性·································⋯⋯23.9电力系统改造··························⋯⋯2.6.12负荷预测····································⋯⋯21.4电力系统固有稳定性······。··············⋯⋯2.3.5负荷中心······。·····························⋯⋯21.3电力系统管理······························⋯⋯2.4.1电力系统规划······························⋯⋯2.1.1电力系统静态稳定性·····················⋯⋯2.3.2功率/频率调节···························⋯⋯2.4.6电力系统条件稳定性····················⋯⋯2.3.4功率损耗····································⋯⋯2.6.4电力系统稳定性··························⋯⋯2.3.1供电安全性，····，···························⋯⋯2.5.3电力系统预测管理··········⋯⋯”······⋯⋯2.6.1供电可靠性································⋯⋯2.5.2电力系统暂态稳定性·····················⋯⋯2.3.3共模故障································⋯⋯2.5.14电能短缺·································⋯⋯2.4.46孤立系统(电力系统中)··············⋯⋯2.4.32I3 Gs/T2900.58-20021IEC60050(603)门986孤立运行·································⋯⋯2.4.34故障··········································⋯⋯2.5.6故障阻抗·································⋯⋯2.2.22配电损耗····································⋯⋯2.6.了关联矩阵·································⋯⋯2.2.36平衡节点·································⋯⋯2.2.31邓横向电压调节····，.，’、·······，.·····，’2.4强迫停运·······························⋯⋯2.5.837互联运行·································⋯⋯2.4强迫停运时间···························⋯⋯2.5.21基本负荷机组···························⋯⋯2.4.20冗余因数·································⋯⋯2.2.40计划停运···································⋯⋯2.5.7计划停运时间·······。···················⋯⋯2.5.19计划运行(发电机组)··················⋯⋯2.4.17失步运行·································⋯⋯2.3.16继发故障···························。·····⋯⋯2.5门3失负荷····································⋯⋯2.4.44机组静特性·································⋯⋯2.4.8输电损耗····································⋯⋯2.6.6PQ节点·································⋯⋯2.2.33松弛节点·································⋯⋯2.2.32尖峰负荷机组···························⋯⋯2.4-22损耗费用现在值························⋯⋯2.6.10减负荷····································⋯⋯2.4.33交流电机内角······························⋯⋯2.3.6怕节点导纳矩阵···························⋯⋯2.2.37调节范围(发电机组)··················⋯⋯2.4r21节点阻抗矩阵···························⋯⋯2.2.38调节负荷机组···························⋯⋯2.4.1解环·······································⋯⋯2.4.41调节功率范围···························⋯⋯2.4。1经济承载计划······························⋯⋯2.6.3停电·······································⋯⋯2.5:23经济负荷·.........................................2.6.2停电持续时间···························⋯⋯2.51静态不稳定性(电力系统)··············一2.3-22停电费用·································⋯⋯2.6。反巧静态负荷特性···························⋯⋯2.4.14停运··················。·······················⋯⋯2.J24可控负荷·································⋯⋯2.4.43停运率巧可停电负荷···········。···················，·⋯2.4.42同步电机异步运行·····················⋯⋯2.3。12可用时间···································一2.5.17同步时间·······················。·········⋯⋯2.4。13可用性·······································⋯⋯2.5.4同步时间偏差···························⋯⋯2.4。可用因数····································⋯⋯2.5.9网孔阻抗矩阵···························⋯⋯2.2.39联环···············。·······················⋯⋯2.4.40网络变换·································⋯⋯2.2门2联接线输送容量···························⋯⋯2.1.6网络拓扑····································⋯⋯2.2.4两电动势间相角差························⋯⋯2.3.7网络拓扑图·································⋯⋯2.2.5两系统同步······························⋯⋯2.3.18维修时间·································⋯⋯2.5.20稳定区····································⋯⋯2.3.12无功功率补偿···························⋯⋯2.4.28“目标”系统······························⋯⋯2.6.13无功功率电压调节·····················⋯⋯2.4.27无限大母线········，·····················⋯⋯2.2.30无源等值网络···························⋯⋯2.2.17 Gs/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603)门986无源节点···········。·····················⋯⋯2.2.35无源网络·································⋯⋯2.2.16摇摆曲线····································⋯⋯2.3.8一次调频····································⋯⋯2.4.4系统参数····。·······························⋯⋯2.2.3有源网络································⋯⋯2.2门5系统功率/频率调节特性···············⋯⋯2.4.10原发故障·································⋯⋯2.5门2系统静特性·································⋯⋯2.4.9运行时间·································⋯⋯2.5.15系统同步运行······。····················⋯⋯2.3.14系统稳态····································⋯⋯2.2.6系统需f控制······。·······················⋯⋯2.4.3再同步···································⋯⋯2沼.20系统暂态····································。··⋯2.2.7暂态不稳定性(电力系统)············⋯⋯2.3.23系统状态变f....................................2.2.2暂态负荷特性···························⋯⋯2.4门5系统状态变f稳定极限···············⋯⋯2.3.10振荡不稳定性(电力系统)············⋯⋯2.3.24系统状态变fe定裕度···············⋯⋯2.3.11状态估计···································⋯⋯2.2.9线路波阻抗······························⋯⋯2.2.23自适应控制·································⋯⋯2.4.了线路自然功率···························⋯⋯2.2.24自同步····································⋯⋯2.3门9星形一多角形变换··········，··········⋯⋯2.2.13纵向电压调节···························⋯⋯2.4.25修复时间·································⋯⋯2.5.22最大功率损耗等值时间····，·············⋯⋯2.6.8 GB/"f2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603)门986英文索引activenetwork·····························································································⋯⋯2.2.15adaptivecontrol.................................................................................................2.4.7angleofdeviationbetweentwoe.m.f."s·····························。································⋯⋯2.3.7asynchronousoperationofasynchronousmachine···········‘·‘····，·····、·····、、，，、·⋯⋯2.3.15availability.........................................................................................................2.5.4availabilityfactor····························································································⋯⋯2.5.9balancedstateofapolyphasenetwork·······························································⋯⋯2.2.18balancingbus··············································‘················································。⋯⋯2.2.31baseloadset·······························································································。⋯⋯2.4.20busadmittancematrix····················································································⋯⋯2.2.37busimpedancematrix···························，·············，·······························。·。·······⋯⋯2.2.38commonmodefailure····················································································⋯⋯2.5.14conditionalstabilityofapowersystem··································································⋯⋯2.3.4(conductor)continuityfaultcurrent······.·························································⋯⋯2.2.27controlrange(ofageneratingset)·····································································⋯⋯2.4.19controllableload·····························································································⋯⋯2.4.43controllableset··············································································。··············⋯⋯2.4.21controllingpowerrange................................................................................,......2.4.11delta-startransformation·················································································⋯⋯2.2.14delta-wyeconversion·········，·············································································⋯⋯2.2.14deviationofsynchronoustime··································。········································⋯⋯2.4.13distributionlosses························································································，·⋯⋯2.6.了downduration......................................................................................................2.5门8droopofaset····················，···········································································⋯⋯2.4.8droopofasystem·····························································································⋯⋯2.4.9dynamicinstability(ofapowersystem)·······························································⋯⋯2.3.24(energy)lossfactor2.6.9I6 ca/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603):1986economicloadingschedule·················································································⋯⋯2.6.3energylosses······························。····················································。···············⋯⋯2.6.5energyshortfall·····························································································。··⋯2.4.46equivalentnetwork············。··························································。··················⋯⋯2.2.11failure·································································。·······································⋯⋯2.5.6faultimpedance·····························································································⋯⋯2.2.22forcedoutage....·..····.·····........·.··············...··。·。··············································⋯⋯2.5.8forced-outageduration····················································································⋯⋯2.5.21tst····················································································⋯⋯2门.5generationschedule··························································································⋯⋯2.4.2huntingofinterconnectedsynchronousmachines·············，·····，·········，···········一2.3.17in-phase(voltage)control··················································。···························⋯⋯2.4.25incidencematrix·····························································································⋯⋯2.2.36infinitebus·······························。···································································⋯⋯2.2.30inherentstabilityofapowersystem·····································································⋯⋯2.3.5interconnectedoperation·····························································。···················⋯⋯2.4.37internalangleofanalternator·····，····································。································⋯⋯2.3.6interruptibleload···············································，··············。···························⋯⋯2.4.42interruptionduration.............................................................................................2.5.23interruptionofsupply····················································································⋯⋯2.5.衬island(inapowersystem).......................................................................................2.4.32islanding(USA)····································‘························································⋯⋯2.4.31isolatedoperation··························································································⋯⋯2.4.34loadbus········································································································一2.2.33Toadcentre············································，································，·················。···⋯⋯2.飞.3loaddensity··········。························································································⋯⋯2.1.2loadflowcalculation·······。···············································································⋯⋯2.2.8loadforecast···································································································⋯⋯2.1.4loadshedding·······························································································⋯⋯2.4.33loadstability·····································································。························。····⋯⋯2.3.9logitudinalimpedance···················································································⋯⋯2.2.20lossofload··································································································⋯⋯2.4.4417 GB/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603)门986maintenanceduration······················································································一2.5.20managementforecastofasystem·······································································⋯⋯2.6门meshimpedancematrix····················································································⋯⋯2.2.39naturalloadofaline···········································，······························。············⋯⋯2.2.24networkcalculation························································································⋯⋯2.2.1networkconversion·······················································································⋯⋯2.2.12networksplitting··························································································⋯⋯2.4.31networktopology···⋯⋯···················································································⋯⋯2.2.4networktransformation.......·..·........·..·........·..·..·..······················。··················⋯⋯2.2.12operatingduration··························································································⋯⋯2.5.15optimumload2.6.2oscillatoryinstability(ofapowersystem)····························································⋯⋯2.3.24out-of-stepoperation·······················································································⋯⋯2.3.16outagerate···············································································。···················⋯⋯2.5.24outage···········································································································⋯⋯2.5.5outageduration·····························································································⋯⋯2.5.18paralleloperation··························································································⋯⋯2.4.36partial(conductor)continuityfaultcurrent·························································⋯⋯2.2.25partialshort-circuitcurrent··············································································⋯⋯2.2.26passivebus···································································································⋯⋯2.2.35passiveequivalentnetwork······························。···············································⋯⋯2.2.17passivenetwork···，·······································。·················································⋯⋯2.2.16peakloadset································································································⋯⋯2.4-22plannedoutage·······························································································⋯⋯2.5.7planned-outageduration·················································································⋯⋯2.5门9power/frequencycharacteristic········································································⋯⋯2.4-10powerlosses···············································································。··················⋯⋯2.6.4powershortfall·····························································································⋯⋯2.4.45powersystemstability.............................................................................................2.3.1powersysteminstability·················································································⋯⋯2.3.21powersystemmanagement···································································。。············⋯⋯2.4门powersystemplanning····················································································⋯⋯2门门power-regulationcoefficientofload··································································⋯⋯2.4.16power/frequencycontrol·················································，··································⋯⋯2.4.6PQbus····················································································。。。··················⋯⋯2.2.33t8 cB/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603):1986presentvalueofcostlosses··············································································⋯⋯2.6.10presentworthofcostoflosses(USA卜·································································⋯⋯2.6.10primarycontrol(ofthespeedofgeneratingsets)···················································⋯⋯2.4.4primaryfailure·······························································································一2.5门2quadrature(voltage)control···········································································⋯⋯2.4-26l︹d廿radialoperation(ofapartofanetwork)····························································⋯⋯2.4门O‘乙Ureactivepowercompensation···········································································⋯⋯2.4门7了reactive-powervoltagecontrol···········································································⋯⋯2.4L.月nH曰redundancyfactor··························································································⋯⋯2,2户g八︺r﹄Jreferencenode··········································。··············。。。·································⋯⋯2.2regulatingenergyofasystem2.4.10reinforcementofasystem⋯2.6.12reliabilityofanitem·······················································································⋯⋯2.5repairduration·····························································································⋯⋯2.5.22ringclosing··········································。························································⋯⋯2.4.40opening································································································⋯⋯2.4.41operationofapartofanetwork··································································⋯⋯2.4.38(secondary)powercontroloperation(ofageneratingset)······················。。···············⋯⋯2.4.18scheduledoperation(ofageneratingset)·········································，··················⋯⋯2.4门7secondarycontrol(ofactivepowerinasystem)·····················································⋯⋯2.4.5secondaryfailure·························································································⋯⋯2.5门3self-synchronization·······················································································⋯⋯2.3.19separatenetworkoperation··············································································⋯⋯2.4.35seriescompensation······················································································⋯⋯2.4.29seriesimpedance······························································。······························⋯⋯2.2.20servicereliability···························································································⋯⋯2.5.2servicesecurity································································································⋯⋯2.5.3short-circuitcalculation·················································································⋯⋯2.2.10short-circuitcurrentcapability··········································································⋯⋯2.1.7short-circuitcurrent·······················································································⋯⋯2.2.28shuntadmittance··························································································⋯⋯2.2.21shuntcompensation·······················································································⋯⋯2.4.30slackbus······································································································⋯⋯2.2.32stabilitylimitofasystemstatevariable·························。·····································⋯⋯2.3.10stabilitymarginofasystemstatevariable····························································⋯⋯2.3门1stabilityzone································································································⋯⋯2.3门2stand-byduration··························································································⋯⋯2.5.16t9 Gs/T2900.58--2002/IEC60050(603)门986star-polygonconversion2.2.13star-polygontransformation············⋯⋯2.2.13stateestimation。。··········⋯⋯”””.””2.2.9steadystateofasystem2.2.6steadystatestabilityofapowersystem2.3.2steady-stateinstability(ofapowersystem)2.3.22steady-stateloadcharacteristic2.4.14supply-interruptioncosts2.6.11surgeimpedanceofaline···············⋯⋯2.2.23swingcurve2.3.8synchronismrestoration2.3.20synchronizationoftwosystems2.3.18synchronousoperationofamachine2.3.13synchronousoperationofasystem2.3-14synchronoustime2.4.12systemconstants2.2.3systemdemandcontrol2.4.3systemparameters2.2.3systemstatevariables2.2.2T"target"system····························································································一2.6.13topolo助caldiagramofanetwork········。·····························································⋯⋯2.2.5transientinstability(ofapowersystem)............""""^.................._................................2.3.23transientloadcharacteristic··············································································⋯⋯2.4.15transientstabilityofapowersystem·····································································⋯⋯2.3.3transientstateofasystem··················，··········，···················································⋯⋯2.2,.7transmissioncapacityofalinktransmissionlosses:.;.:Uunavailability2.5.5unavailabilityfactor2.5.10unbalancedstateofapolyphasenetwork2.2.19upduration·······⋯⋯”’“‘二””“““二’‘’2.5.17utilizationtimeofpowerlosses····⋯⋯2.6.8Vvoltagecontrol2.4.23voltagecontrolledbus2.2.34voltagemap2.4.242O GB/T2900.58-2002/IEC60050(603)门986Ybusmatrix·················，.·······················“···················，.·······················⋯⋯2.2.3了Zbusmatrix··············。···············································。····························。二2.2.38'