GBT2900.50-1998电工术语发电、输电及配电通用术语.pdf 14页

'Ics01-040-29K04中华人民共和国国家标准Gs/T2900.50-1998neqIEC50(601):1985电工术语发电、输电及配电通用术语ElectrotechnicalterminologyGeneration，transmissionanddistributionofelectricity-General1998一08一13发布1999一06一01实施国家质量技术监督局发布 cB/T2900.50-1998目次前言························································，····，·······.·······⋯⋯“·······.⋯⋯”.·⋯IIEC前言···········..................................................................................................pIEC引言···················································································.····.·····⋯⋯II范围·················································，························.····.····.·.·····..··.·⋯.⋯12通用术语·..............................................................................................................12.1基本术语·····”··········，.·················。····························⋯⋯’.············.··⋯⋯I2.2系统结构·································································。····.···.····.·····.··⋯⋯22.3设备·········································································，.······.···.··⋯⋯”··⋯⋯42.4高压直流系统.....................................................................................................5附录A(提示的附录)中文索引·.....................................................‘二’·’二’二’·‘二’二‘·‘’‘’.’6附录B(提示的附录)英文索弓卜···················“·······························⋯⋯’二‘二’二’·’二“·7 GB/T2900.50-1998前言本标准是根据国际电工委员会(IEC)出版物50(601):1985《发电、输电及配电通用术语》,TC1/1627/FDIS:IEC50(601)的第一号修改文件及TC1/1655/FDIS(IEC50-195-Edl)(接地和电击防护》中对IEC50(601)修改的部分内容制定的，在技术内容上与上述标准和文件等效，但在具体术语的采纳上作了必要的变动:-IEC/TCl/1627/FDIS文件在IEC50(601)的基础上增加了7条术语，该文件已经各国家委员会投票通过(见TCl/1648/RVD号文件)。这7条术语中除“bulkpowersystem一主电力系统”我国不用外，其余六条“circuit(inelectricpowersystem)一(电力系统的)电路、linetap一分接点、linesection-线路段、linesegment一线路分隔段、interchangepoint一交接点、deliverypoint一供电点”均为本标准采纳，其技术内容与该文件等效。—TCl/1655/FDIS是IEC50(195)正式出版前的最后一个草案文件且已投票通过，该文件对IEC50(601)中的12条术语(包括定义)作了修改:601-01-29:phasetophasevoltage,linetolinevolt-age(USA)，195-05-01:line-to-linevoltage,phase-to-phasevoltage(deprecated);601-01-30:phasetoneutralvoltage,linetoneutralvoltage(USA),195-05-02:line-to-neutralvoltage,phase-to-neutralvoltage(deprecated);601-01-31,phasetoearthvoltage,linetogroundvoltage(USA)，195-05-03:line-to-earthvoltage,line-to-groundvoltage(US).phase-to-earthvoltage(deprecated);601-01-32:neutralpointdisplacementvoltage,195-05-04:neutral-pointdisplacementvoltage;601-02-22:neutralpointinapolyphasesystem,195-02-05:neutralpoint;601-02-23:neutralpointconnection,195-04-05:neutralpointtreatment;601-02-24:isolatedneutralsystem,195-04-07:isolatedneutralsystem;601-02-25:solidlyearthed(neutral)system195-04-06:solidlyearthedneutralsystem;601-02-26:impedanceearthed(neutral)system195-04-08:impedanceearthedneutralsystem;601-02-27:resonantearthed(neutral)system,195-04-09;resonantearthedneutralsystem;601-03-09;phase195-02-08:linecon-doctor,phaseconductor(a.c.)(deprecated)，poleconductor(d.c.)(deprecated);601-03-10;neu-tral;195-02-06,neutralconductor，故本标准采纳了最新国际标准的术语和定义.其技术内容与该文件等效。另外为便于标准理解，依据该文件增加了术语“中间导体(mid-pointconductor)，在技术内容上等效。—IEC50(601);1985由IEC/TC1制定，是发电、输电及配电系列标准中的五个标准之一。从IEC/TCl1995年德班会议纪要可知，除TCl/1627/FDIS和TC1/1655/FDIS文件中增加和修改的内容外标准中的其它内容继续有效。除术语“中压(mediumvoltage)”我国不用外.其他有效内容均为本标准等效采用。本标准由电力工业部提出。本标准由全国电工术语标准化技术委员会归口。本标准负责起草单位:机械工业部机械标准化研究所、电力工业部电力科学研究院。本标准主要起草人:许颖、杨芙。 GB/T2900.50-1998IEC前言1)IEC有关电工技术间题上的正式决议或协议，由那些特别关心这些问题的国家委员会参加的技术委员会所制定，它尽可能地反映国际上对这些问题的一致看法。2)它们以推荐的形式供国际上使用，并为各国家委员会所接受。3)为了促进国际上的统一，IEC表达了这样一个愿望:各国家委员会在其本国条件允许的情况下，在各自国家的规定中采用IEC推荐的文本。推荐的文本与相对应的国家规定之间的任何差异，应在其国家规定中明确指出。IEC引言本出版物是关于发电、输电及配电的系列标准的五个标准之一，该系列标准分为下列五章:601—通用术语602—发电术语603—电力系统规划和管理术语604—一运行术语605—变电站术语这些章节系1965年出版的IEV25(第二版)的修订版，干1968年开始，由TC1/WG=601工作组制定。该工作组的秘书处开始由前苏联国家委员会承担，但1976年以后则由德国国家委员会负责。本标准的内容以下列文件为基础:六月法则投票报告KIEV601)(C0)1196KIEV601)(C0)1223若需更详细的信息，可在上表所示的投票报告中查到。 中华人民共和国国家标准电工术语GB/T2900.50一1998发电、输电及配电通用术语neqIEC50(601):1985ElectrotechnicalterminologyGeneration,transmissionanddistributionofelectricity-General1范围本标准规定了发电、输电及配电领域中的通用术语。2通用术语2.1基本术语2.1.1电力系统electricalpowersystem;electricitysupplysystem(inabroadsense)发电、输电及配电的所有装置和设备的组合。2.1.2电力网electricalpowernetwork;electricalpowersystem输电、配电的各种装置和设备、变电站、电力线路或电缆的组合。注:电力网各部分的范围可视具体情况(如地理位置、所有权和电压等级等)确定.2.1.3交流系统alternatingcurrentsystem;a.c.system由交流电压供电的系统。2.1.4直流系统directcurrentsystem;d.c.system由直流电压供电的系统。2.1.5T-频powerfrequency交流系统的标称频率值。2.1.6发电generationofelectricity将其他形式的能转换成电能的过程。2.1.7变流。onversionofelectricity换流改变电流、电压的形式和频率2.1.8变电transformationofelectricity通过电力变压器的电能传递。2.1.9输电transmissionofelectricity从发电站向用电地区输送电能。2.1.10配电distributionofelectricity在一个用电区域内向用户供电。2.1.11(电力系统的)互联interconnection(ofpowersystems)在电力系统之间，通过线路和(或)变流、变电等设备的联接进行电能交换。2.1.12互联系统interconnectedsystems国家质2技术监督局1998一08一13批准1999一06一01实施 GB/T2900.50一1998几个电力系统通过互联线路联接起来的系统。2.1.13异步联接asynchronouslink以不同频率运行的交流系统之间的联接。2.1.14短路容量short-circuitpower在系统一点上的短路电流与约定电压(通常指运行电压)之乘积。2.1.15系统负荷loadinasystema)在系统内产生、输送或分配的有功、无功或视在功率。b)根据用户的特点和性质，例如热力负荷、日无功负荷等划分的一组用户所需的功率。2.1.16尖峰负荷peakload在给定的期间内(例如一天、一个月、一年)的负荷最大值。2.1.17负荷曲线loadcurve作为时间函数的负荷变化曲线。孚.1.18负荷持续时间曲线loaddurationcurve表示在规定的时间间隔内，负荷等于或超过给定值的持续时间的曲线。2.1.19有功电能activeenergy可以转换为某些其他形式能的电能。2.1.20无功电能reactiveenergy在交流系统内，与电气系统和其所接设备的运行有关的不同电场和磁场之间连续交换的固定电能。2.1.21系统标称电压nominalvoltageofasystem用以标志或识别系统电压的给定值。2.1.22(系统)运行电压operatingvoltage(inasystem)在正常情况下，系统的指定点在指定时刻的电压值。2.1.23[24〕系统最高[最低〕电压highest[lowest]voltageof:system在系统正常运行的任何时间，系统中任何一点上所出现的最高〔最低」运行电压值。往:瞬态过电压(例如由开关操作引起的)及不正常的暂态电压变化均不在内.2.1.25电压等级voltagelevel在电力系统中使用的标称电压值。2.1.26低压lowvoltage(LV)通常低于交流电力系统中1000V及其以下的电压等级。2.1.27高压highvoltage(HV)通常高于交流1000V的电压等级。2.1.28线电压line-to-linevoltage;phase-to-phasevoltage(deprecated)电路中在给定点上两线〔相〕导体间的电压。注:根据GB/T1.61997的A6.2.8，英文“deprecated”的含义为“拒用”。2.1.29相电压line-to-neutralvoltage;phase-to-neutralvoltage(deprecated)交流电路中在给定点上线〔相〕导体和中性导体之间的电压。2.1.30线对地电压line-to-earthvoltage;line-to-groundvoltage(US);phase-to-earthvoltage(deprecated)电路中在给定点上线〔相〕导体与参考地之间的电压。2.1.31中性点位移电压neutral-pointdisplacementvoltage多相系统中，实际的或等效的中性点与参考地之间的电压。2.2系统结构 Cs/T2900.50一1998系统图systemdiagram系统结构的图形表示。2.2.2系统运行图systemoperationaldiagram表示运行方式的系统图。三相系统图three-phasesystemdiagram三相系统每条相线和中性线均用单根线条表示的系统图。单线图single-linediagram多相系统中用单线条表示的系统图。系统连接方式systempattern系统的节点及节点连接的方式。2.2.6系统结构systemconfiguration各种类型系统连接方式的组合。2.7系统联接linkinasystem系统中节点之间的联接。注:一般包含线路、变压器或两母线之间的连接线。2.2.8(电力系统的)电路〔回路〕circuit(inelectricpowersystems)电力线路或它的一部分，它可通过断路器或开关从运行中切除，线路的其余部分不受影响。馈线feeder由主变电站向一个或多个二次变电站供电的电力线路。单馈线singlefeeder;radialfeeder仅从一端受电的电力线路。支线branchline连接到主线路中一点上的电力线路。2.2.12T接线路tapped1应ne;teedline连接有支线的线路。T接点teepoint分接点linetap多端电力线路的接点，该接点直接或间接地与三端或多端的线路段连接。2-2-14线路段linesection由线路的两点(终端或T接点)界定的电力线路的一部分。线路分隔段linesegment线路段中具有特殊结构形式或容易发生特殊事故的部分，该部分可视为报告或分析事故的独立线段。接户线路supplyservice;lineconnection从配电系统供电到用户装置的分支线路。交接点interchangepoint在发电、配电和用电的任意两者之间电能转接的分界点。供电点deliverypoint电力系统与电能买主之间的分界点。注买主可能是终端用户或者是向终端用户供电的企业环形馈线ringfeeder;loop(deprecatedinthissense)由单电源供电的多条电力线路构成完整环。注:环形馈线可以汗环运行，也可以闭环运行 cs/T2900.50一19982.2.20(系统的)网孔mesh(ofasystem)由若干电源供电的多条电力线路构成闭合回路。2.2.21辐射系统radialsystem指由单电源供电的若干单馈电线路组成的系统或子系统，2.2-22树形系统tree"dsystem有支线的辐射系统。2.2.23网格系统meshedsystem由多个网孔组成的系统或子系统。2.2.24单电源供电singlesupply由一个电源向负荷供电。2.2-25双电源供电duplicatesupply由两个相互独立的电源回路向负荷供电。2.2.26备用电源stand-bysupply当正常电源中断或不适宜使用时可以使用的电源。2.2.27分接(T接)变电站tapped(teeoff)substation由单支线馈电的单电源变电站。2.2.28中性点neutralpoint多相系统星形连接的公共点，或单相系统的接地中心。2.2.29中性点接地方式neutralpointtreatment;neutralpointconnection(deprecated)中性点与参考地的电气连接方式。2.2.30中性点不接地系统isolatedneutralsystem除保护或测量用途的高阻抗接地以外，中性点不接地的系统。2.2.31中性点直接接地系统solidlyearthedneutralsystem;solidlygroundedneutralsystem(US)系统中至少有一个中性点直接接地的系统。2.2.32中性点阻抗接地系统impedanceearthedneutralsystem;impedancegroundedneutralsys-tern(US)系统中至少有一个中性点通过具有阻抗的器件接地以限制接地故障短路电流的系统。2.2.33中性点谐振接地系统resonantearthedneutralsystem;resonantgroundedneutralsystem(US)中性点消弧线圈接地系统arc-suppression-coil-earthedneutralsystem;arc-suppression-coil-groundedneutralsystem(US)一个或多个中性点通过具有感抗的器件接地的系统。这些器件在单相对地短路时能大体上补偿线路的容性效应口2.3设备2.3.1电站powerstation发电站〔厂〕electricalgeneratingstation由建筑物、能量转换设备和全部必要的辅助设备组成的生产电能的工厂。2.3.2(电力系统的)变电站substation(ofapowersystem)由线路的首端或末端、电气开关设备、控制设备、建筑物和变压器等组成的用于变电的设施。2.3.3电力线路electricline在系统两点间用于输配电的导线、绝缘材料和附件组成的设施。2.3.4架空线路overheadline用杆塔和绝缘材料将导线架离地面的电力线路。 GB/"r2900.50一1998注:某些架空线路也可由绝缘导线构成2.3.5地T电缆undergroundcable由直接埋在地下、或敷设在地下电缆沟、槽或管道内的电缆组成的电力线路。2.3.6气体绝缘线路gasinsulatedline;gasinsulatedcircuit(deprecated);GIC(deprecated)将导体封装在充以压缩绝缘气体管道里的电力线路。2.3.7架空系统。verheadsystem基本上由架空线路组成的系统。2.3.8地T系统undergroundsystem基本上由地下电缆组成的系统。2.3.9线导体lineconductor相导体(交流)(许用)phaseconductor(a.c.)(deprecated)极导体(直流)(许用)poleconductor(d.c)(deprecated)正常运行时带电并有助干输电或配电的导体，但不是中性导体或中间导体。2.3.10中性导体neutralconductor电气上与中性点连接并有助于配电的导体。2.3.11中间导体mid-pointconductor电气上与中间点连接并有助于配电的导体。2.3.12(设备的)极pole(ofanequipment)在某些设备中，例如开关设备，对应于交流中的一个相或直流中的一个极性的部分口注:按照设备的极数分别称单极设备、双极设备等2.3.13(直流系统的)极pole(ofad.c.system)在正常情况下，直流系统带电的导体、端子或其他元件，例如:正极、负极。2.4高压直流系统2.4.1高压直流输电high-voltaged.c.linkHVDC输电HVDClink包括换流站在内的输送大量高压直流电的设施。2.4.2单极直流输电monopolard.。link不管直流电流如何返回，只有一个极通电的联接。2.4.3双极直流输电bipolard.c.link具有两个极的联接，正常运行时两极上的电压对地极性相反。 GB/T2900.50一1998附录A(提示的附录)中文索引备用电源·······，·························一2.2.26互联系统································，.⋯2.1.12变电······································⋯⋯.2.1.8环形馈线··········“”··················⋯⋯2.2.19变流·······‘·······························⋯⋯2.1，了换流···································⋯⋯2.1.了HVDC输电”·····，··，·“··“·，，·····“···一2.4.，低压···。·······························‘··⋯⋯2.1.26单电源供电·...................................2.2.24极导体(直流).·······················“·⋯⋯2.3.9单极直流输电···························⋯⋯2.4.2架空线路·········”············”·”······⋯⋯2.3.4单馈线·············，，··············“····⋯⋯2.2.10架空系统···················‘············”·2.3-7单线图.............................................2.2.4尖峰负荷·········“··········”······⋯⋯2.1.16地下电缆·······························⋯⋯2.3.5交接点“，“··””··“·········，·········，⋯2.2.17地下系统，·····‘··，，····‘·‘············⋯⋯2.3.8交流系统·..................................·⋯2.1.3电力系统·.........................................2.1.1接户线路····················，.········，··⋯2.2.16(电力系统的)变电站·····“·············⋯⋯2.3.2(电力系统的)电路〔回路〕···“·······⋯⋯2.2.8(电力系统的)互联······················。二2.1.11馈线2.9电力线路，”···················，···“······⋯⋯2.3.3电力网···········................................2.1.2电压等级··················，.········“⋯⋯2.1.25配电···············，··“·····，·”···⋯⋯，2.1.10电站，...............................................2.3.1短路容量······························⋯⋯2.1.14气体绝缘线路······················⋯⋯2.3.6发电·····································⋯⋯2.1.6发电站〔厂)·······，.···”··“····”二2.3.，三相系统图·······””··，.·····，.····一2.2.3分接(T接)变电站····，’········⋯⋯2.2.27(设备的)极··”······················一2.3.12分接点·····，···‘·················。····，··⋯2.2.13输电·，’·“··········。·，，················“··⋯2.1-9负荷持续时间曲线···················⋯⋯2.1.18树形系统，.....................................2.2.22负荷曲线·······························⋯⋯2.1.17双电源供电·······“·····“··········”·⋯2.2.25辐射系统····。················，·“······⋯⋯2.2.21双极直流输电······，······。············⋯⋯2.4-3高压··...................................，.2.1.27T接线路·················‘··。··········一2.2.12高压直流输电·············‘，.········⋯⋯2.4.1T接点··，····························⋯⋯2.2.13供电点···，.·····························⋯⋯.2.2.18工频·······································，.⋯⋯2.1.56 GB/T2900.50一1998相导体(交流卜························⋯⋯2.3.9相电压·········.······················⋯⋯2.1.29网格系统.............·..·..·..·.·········⋯⋯2.2.23无功电能...................·..·..·······⋯⋯2.1.20异步联接·····················”······⋯⋯2.，.13有功电能···························，.·⋯2.1.19系统标称电压·······················⋯⋯2.1.21系统联接························。·······⋯⋯2.2.7(系统的)网孔························⋯⋯2.2.20支线······························⋯⋯2.2.11(系统)运行电压····················⋯⋯2.1.22直流系统······························⋯⋯2.1.4系统最低电压·······················⋯⋯2.1.24(直流系统的)极··。················⋯⋯2.3.13系统最高电压·····················⋯⋯.2.1.23中间导体·····························⋯⋯2.3.11系统负荷····························。二2.1.15中性导体·····························。一2.3.10系统结构················。················⋯⋯2.2.6中性点····························⋯⋯‘2.2.28系统连接方式···························⋯⋯2.2.5中性点不接地系统·················⋯⋯2.2.30系统图························，.········⋯⋯2.2.1中性点接地方式·····················⋯⋯2.2.29系统运行图·······························“二2.2.2中性点位移电压····················⋯⋯.2.，.31线导体·································⋯⋯2.3.9中性点消弧线圈接地系统········⋯⋯2.2.33线电压····································一2.1.28中性点谐振接地系统············，··⋯⋯2.2.33线对地电压··························⋯⋯2.1.30中性点直接接地系统·············⋯⋯2.2.31线路段······“·，.··”···············“···⋯⋯2.2.14中性点阻抗接地系统·“··········”“·⋯2.2.32线路分隔段·························⋯⋯2.2.15附录B(提示的附录)英文索引a.c.system······‘·························································································⋯⋯2.1.3activeenergy················································································⋯⋯2.1.19alternatingcurrentsystem···················································，.··········，.··“二2，.3arc-suppression-coil-earthedneutralsystem.............................................................2.2.33arc-suppression-coi卜groundedneutralsystem(US)······································⋯⋯2.2.33asynchronouslink·································“·······································⋯⋯2.1.13bipolard.clink······································································”···⋯⋯2.4.3branchline.......................................................................................................2.2.1飞circuit(inelectricpowersystems)······························，.····························，.·2.2.8conversionofelectricity·······························“···································⋯⋯2.1.了7 GB/T2900.50一1998消d.c.system...........····，，····‘·····一，’······，············”·“··‘··，·，·····，·，·，·········，，。，··········，⋯2.祀deliverypoint....................................................................................................2.2directcurrentsystem·············································································。···一2.1.410distributionofelectricity.......................................................................................2.125duplicatesupply..............................................................................................2.2electricalgeneratingstation⋯‘“，·············，，.···············。······························。··⋯2.3.1electricalpowernetwork..............................·····”···，···········“·‘·····，.······”········”，二2.1.2electricalpowersystem·····················”················································⋯⋯2.1.1/2electricitysupplysystem(in.broadsense)................................·····················⋯⋯2.1.1electricline........................................................................................................23.3feeder..................................................................................······················⋯⋯2.2.9gasinsulatedcircuit(deprecated)·············“·············································⋯⋯.2.3.6gasinsulatedline”················”·············，·”···‘············。·····························，”:2.3.6generationofelectricity.........................................................................................2.1.6GIC(deprecated)···········”··············。···················‘·············.·.·······.·..·..·..·.⋯⋯2.3.6highvoltage·····，··························“·····················。··········，，·················，.·⋯2.1.27high-voltaged.c.link.............................................................................................2.4.1highestvoltageofasystem....................................................................................2.1.23HV(abbreviation)·························································“·.····················，.⋯2.1.27HVDClink.......................................................................................................2.4.1Iimpedanceearthedneutralsystem············“······················“······”·················”:2.2.32impedancegroundedneutralsystem(.US)··，···“·················，·······························，⋯2.2.32interchangepoint···················，········................................................................2.2.1了interconnectedsystems···············“····，··········“··························”，.·····⋯⋯2.1.12interconnection(ofpowersystems)··········，········，··，.·“·························，···“·“一2.1.11isolatedneutralsystem·························，···················，.·········。·······················，:2.2.30Llineconductor··············································································.····.··⋯⋯.2.3.。lineconnection，···“·····”···“············，····················，··⋯⋯””·”二“，.·····.·····，:.2.2.16linesedion·······”···········································.······.·········，.·····..，·······⋯⋯2.2.14 GB/T2900.50一1998linesegment·························。··························································，.一2.2.15linetap························································，.·······。························⋯⋯2.2.13line-to-earthvoltage·········································。······································一2.1.30line-to-groundvoltage(US)···················，.··················································⋯⋯2.1.30line-to-linevoltage······，.··········································，································。:2.1.28line-to-neutralvoltage·········‘·······。·················································。⋯⋯.2.1.29linkinasystem.................................................................................................2.2.了loadcurve····················································，···········，.················。·····⋯⋯2.1.飞7loaddurationcurve·····································································。····⋯⋯2.1.18loadinasystem·········，.·································，·········，.································⋯⋯2.1.15loop(deprecatedinthissense卜·········，·········。·············································，⋯⋯2.2.19lowvoltage·····················‘·····，.·······························································⋯⋯2.1.26lowestvoltageofasystem····································，···，’·······················。·。······”。，.·2.1.24LV(abbreviation)·····················。·················”·································。。··⋯⋯2.1.26mesh(ofasystem).............................................................................................2.2.20meshedsystem·························································································⋯⋯2.2.23mid-pointconductor·································，·······。·······························。·····。····⋯⋯2.3.11monopolard.c.link·················································································⋯⋯2.4.2neutralconductor·········································，.····，’····································一2.3.10neutralpointconnection(deprecated)........................................................................2.2.29，嘴.neutral-pointdisplacementvoltage···························································⋯⋯2.1d，Cn户Oneutralpoint··················································································⋯⋯2.2LCO矛neutralpointtreatment········，···········。·························，.···························⋯⋯2.2JJ八司1.nominalvoltageofasystem···················。···················，’················。········⋯⋯.2.，﹄.operatingvoltage(inasystem)······························，··········，.······················⋯⋯2.1.22overheadline···············································，·········。····················。···⋯⋯.2.3.4overheadsystem.................................................................................................2.3.了peakload························，································································一2.1.16phaseconductor(a.c.)(deprecated)·······················，.··································⋯⋯2.3.9phase-to-earthvoltage(deprecated)·························································⋯⋯2.1.30phase-to-neutralvoltage(deprecated)........................................................................2.1.29phase-to-phasevoltage(deprecated)·················，.···········································⋯⋯2.1.2spoleconductor(d.e.)(deprecated)··········································。··················⋯⋯2.3.9pole(ofad.c.system卜·········”·····························································，.⋯2.113pole(ofanequipment卜····························································。·······⋯⋯2.3.12 GB/T2900.50一1998powerfrequency·······················””··················..’·.·····.···············⋯⋯’.·.⋯2.1.5powerstation..............................................................，二”··········.·.·.·······⋯⋯2.3.110radialfeeder21radialsystem20reactiveenergy一3resonantearthedneutralsystem3resonantgroundedneutralsystem(US)························.·.···········..···············⋯⋯2.219ringfeeder···············”·····“·”·”··············.····..·.········..··········。..········.⋯⋯2.2short-circuitpower·······································”·..·············.········..············。⋯’.2.1.14singlefeeder“············”········”·······”······，·····⋯⋯’.·······.·········。·.·········⋯⋯2.2.10single-linediagram···········································”···············.·····。，···············⋯⋯2.2.4singlesupply·····，.·····································.····..·.·.··。····.·········。·.·.······⋯⋯2.2.24solidlyearthedneutralsystem····，.·······.···.···············。··。.·············.···············⋯⋯2.2.31solidlygroundedneutralsystem(US)····················.···········..·.····一”.········⋯.⋯2.2.31stand-bysupply·················································.·········。·..···················⋯⋯2.2.26substation(ofapowersystem)························，.···························.············⋯⋯2.3.2supplyservice··············“··“···································..···········..·············⋯⋯”2.2.16systemconfiguration···”···············································.··.·····················⋯⋯2.2.6systemdiagram································································.·······.·.··············⋯⋯2.2.1systemoperationaldiagram··········································..·.····⋯⋯’.⋯”·······⋯⋯2.2.2systempattern”··········”·”············”·”·································.···············⋯⋯“⋯2.2.5tappedline..................................................................:.................................“二2.2.12tapped(teeoff)substation···············································.·······.···.··.·⋯⋯’2.2.27teepoint·····”·····························“······························.············⋯⋯’.:.2.2.13teedline····························”···········““····················，···················”···，··，·⋯2.2.12three-phasesystemdiagram···········，································。···⋯⋯’..··········⋯⋯2.2.3transformationofelectricity...................................................................................2.1.8transmissionofelectricity·······”···············，“·“············，··············，.···········”··⋯⋯2.1.9tree"dsystem····················································································⋯⋯2.2.22undergroundcable·············““·····，······································“·········“···············‘··⋯2.3.5undergroundsystem······················，.·············································”·····”·”··。一2.3.8voltagelevel·························”········“···········“·“························“··”·”·⋯2.1.25'