【英语论文】《老人与海》中硬汉形象分析（英文） .doc 19页

'青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文题目AnAnalysisof“CodeHero”inTheOldManandtheSea学生姓名：杨列振指导教师：安梅外语系英语专业042班2008年5月31日第7页 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸学生开题报告表课题名称AnAnalysisof“CodeHero”inTheOldManandtheSea《老人与海》的“硬汉”形象分析课题来源D课题类型F导师安梅学生姓名杨列振学号2004360082专业英语1.调研资料的准备,设计目的、要求、思路及预期成果：l准备：确定了论文题目以后，开始着手准备相关的材料，再次认真的阅读了英文原版小说《老人与海》，深刻的理解了作者的写作目的和观点，在老师和同学的帮助下，并且借助学校图书馆和互联网，查阅了大量的相关书籍和报刊，参考了许多著名评论家对该小说的观点。l设计目的：这篇论文试从分析小说《老人与海》中主人公的形象出发，揭示“硬汉”的特征，倡导一种坚忍不拔，永不言败的精神。l认真准备资料，积极主动和指导老师交流，和同学们共同探讨，在大四下学期认真做好毕业设计，论文字数要要求为5000—8000字。l思路:论文正文分三个部分：第一部分对作者和作品作一简介，了解作者对小说及小说主人公的看法。在第二部分，我们将从四个方面分析小说中老人的“硬汉”形象。文章的最后一部分为总结。2.任务完成的阶段内容及时间安排：l3月31日，下发毕业论文任务书。l4月05日，交开题报告和论文提纲。l4月28日，上交论文初稿，与指导老师及时沟通，对论文反复进行修改、润色。l5月31日，上交论文终稿，做好论文答辩的准备。3.完成设计所具备的条件因素：l在毕业设计过程中，积极和指导老师沟通，认真倾听导师的教诲和阅读导师建议的相关书籍文献。l平常多与同学们探讨，学习对毕业设计有用的经验l就自身而言，要抱着严谨的治学作风，勤奋刻苦的精神认真对待毕业设计，以确保任务的顺利完成。指导教师签名：日期： 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸摘要海明威是美国著名的小说家之一，小说《老人与海》使其获得了1954年的诺贝尔文学奖。在此小说中，作者创造了一个完美的硬汉形象——桑地亚哥。《老人与海》是一件影响广泛，寓意深刻的世界文学瑰宝，它广泛地为大众所阅读，以至有人这样认为“只要是个文化人，你就会知道海明威其人。知道海明威，你就不可能不知道小说《老人与海》。”为什么这部小说如此被广泛的阅读？当然，诸多方面造就了小说的成功，但是有一点，毋庸置疑，那就是作者对小说主人公桑地亚哥这一永恒的艺术形象的成功塑造给人深刻印象，让人难以忘记这个硬汉形象的代表。本文是从分析作品中老人这一形象出发，揭示“硬汉”的特征，倡导一种坚忍不拔，永不言败的精神。在论文引言中，我们将对小说的主要内容作一简单的叙述，揭示小说的中心思想，并提出本次设计的内容——分析小说主人公桑地亚哥这一硬汉形象特征。后简单介绍此次论文的写作思路及框架。论文正文的一部分为背景信息，我们通过介绍小说作者海明威的传奇一生，指出作者与小说主人公的诸多相同之处，其中最相似之处便是都具有“硬汉”精神。在正文的第二部分，我们将结合老人捕鱼前后及在大海中航行的遭遇，具体分析小说主人公的“硬汉”形象特征。这种特征主要表现在四个方面：首先，在任何困难情况下都不放弃希望；其次，在斗争过程中始终保持高昂的斗志，永不服输；再次，在行动上勇往直前，打不到，击不跨；最后，在漫长的斗争过程中学会忍受孤独。本文的最后一部分为总结。通过对小说中“硬汉”形象的分析，深刻体会“硬汉”精神对当今社会的现实意义，倡导这种坚忍不拔，永不言败的精神。关键词：《老人与海》，海明威，“硬汉”，桑地亚哥 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸AbstractHemingwaywasoneofthemostfamousnovelistsinAmerica.HecreatedaperfectimageofCodeHero:SantiagoinTheOldManandtheSeawhichwonHemingwayNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1954.TheOldManandtheSeaisoneofthemostinfluentialandfar-reachingnovelsoftheliterarytreasureoftheworld.It’ssowidely-readthatpeopleconsiderthat“Whateverthereisanintellectual,peopleknowHemingwayandnobodyknowsHemingwaywithoutknowinghisworksTheOldManandtheSea.Whythenovelissowidelyread?Whyisitsoinfluentialandwhyisitsolovedbythepeopleofdifferentcolorsanddifferentnations?Surelymanyfactorsmaycontributetothesuccessofthenovel.Butthemainfactor,nodoubt,isthetouchingandunforgettableportraitoftheimmortalartisticfigure,Santiago,arepresentativeofCodeHero.Intheintroductionoftheessay,Iwillmakeabriefdescriptionaboutthecontentsofthisnovelandpointoutthemainideaofthenovel.ThecontentoftheessayistoanalyzethecharacteristicsofCodeHero.AndthenIwillsetoutframeworkoftheessay.Thefirstpartofthebodyisthebackgroundinformation.ThroughtheintroductiontoHemingway’slegendlife,wefindsomecommonpointsbetweentheauthorandtheoldman,andthemostfamiliarpointisthatbothofthemhavethespiritofCodeHero.Inthesecondpartofthebody,IwillportraytheprocessofhiscatchingMarlinandfightingwiththesharks.ThenIwillanalysesthespiritofCodeHero.Thespiritisconcentratedonfourareas:First,nevergiveuphopesinanydifficultconditions;secondly,keepdaringspiritandneveradmitdefeatintheprocessoffighting;thirdly,behaveheroicallyintheactualbattle;andlast,endurethelonelinessinthelongprocessofthefighting.Thelastpartoftheessayistheconclusion.Thispaperwillanalyzetheimageoftheoldman,revealthecharacteristicsofCodeHero,andadvocatethespiritofnevergivingup.KEYWORDS：TheOldManandtheSea,Hemingway,CodeHero,Santiago 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸Contents摘要AbstractIntroduction1ChapterOneTheBackgroundInformation21.1AbouttheAuthor21.2TheAuthor’sViewontheNovelandtheOldMan3ChapterTwoTheFourCharacteristicsofCodeHero52.1EverlastingHopefortheFuture52.2DaringSpiritforFacingtheChallenge72.3HeroicBehaviorintheActualBattle92.4LonelinessEnduranceintheLongFighting10Conclusion12Acknowledgements13Bibliography14 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸IntroductionTheOldManandtheSeawaspublishedin1952andwasoneofHemingway’smostsuccessfulnovelswhichwonHemingwayNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1954.ThenovelwritesaverysimplestorywhichchroniclestheadventureofSantiago,basedonatruestoryofaCubafisherman.Aftereighty-fourdayswithoutcatchingafish,Santiago,anoldCubanhooksagiantfish.Fortwodaysandtwonightstheoldmanholdsonwhilethefishpullshimfurtherandfurther.Finallyhekillsthefishandtiesittohisskiff.Almostatonce,brutalsharksbegintotakehispriceaway.Hestrugglesagainstthesharkswiththeharpoon,theoar,theknife,theshortclub.Thesharkseatallbutthebonesofthefish.Halfdeadwithexhaustion,hebringstheskeletonhomeandmakeshiswaytobedanddreamsofhisgoldentime.Inthenovel,Hemingwaycreatesanimmortalartisticfigure,Santiago,arepresentativeofCodeHero.Santiagoisapoorfishermanwholivesaloneandhasfinallylostallwilltolive.Everydayisthesamedull,monotonousroutine.Hiswifehaddied;hisonlycomfortisaboywhoisforbiddentofishdeterminationinholdingontoagargantuanfish,Santiagoisplungedintotheadventureofhislife,butwillitbringmeaningtohisdays?ButitisthespiritofCodeHerotosupporthimfightingandliving.ThechiefpointaboutSantiagoisthathebehavesperfectlyandhonorably,withgreatcourageandendurance.Whilelosingtothesharksthegiantfishhehascaught,hecomeswiththemessagethatwhilemanmaygrowold,andbewhollydownonhisluck,hecanstilldaretosticktotherules,persistwhenheisdestroyed,andthusbythemannerofhislosingtowinhisvictory.IalsowanttopointoutthatthenovelnotonlydescribesthefightbetweenhumanandnatureandfatebutalsoindicatesHemingway’sCodeHerogettingtoitssummit.Althoughtheoldmaninthenovelisweakandinthegrimfateofpressure,healsoshowsthespiritofCodeHero.Thispaperwillanalyzetheimageoftheoldman,revealthecharacteristicsofCodeHero,andadvocatethespiritofnevergivingup.第14页 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸ChapterOneTheBackgroundInformation1.1AbouttheAuthorErnestHemingway(1896-1961)wasanovelistandshortstorywriterwhobecameoneofthebest-knownAmericanauthorsinhiscentury.Hewasfamousforhisexperienceanduniqueartisticstyleallovertheworld.AccordingtoTheOldManandtheSea(1952),HemingwaywontheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1954.Hemingwaycentershisnovelsonpersonalexperienceandaffections.AccordingtohisworksTheSunAlsoRises(1926)hebecametherepresentativewriterof“theLostGeneration”.Hecouldnotcopewithpost-warAmerica,andthereforeheintroducedanewtypeofcharacterinwritingcalledthe“CodeHero”.Hemingwayisknowntofocushisnovelsaroundcodeheroeswhostrugglewiththemixtureoftheirtragicfaultsandthesurroundingenvironment.Moreover,Hemingway’screationnotonlyoriginatedfromlifetruetolifebutsuperiortolife.Hemingwayisarealismwriter,consequently,copiedsomethingmechanically.Hewasalsoamasterofturningrealityintofiction,representingnotonlywhathadactuallyhappenedbutalsowhatlogicallymighthappen.Hedidn’tlayspecialemphasisbyhisinnerbeauty.SoSantiagoleavedanindelibleimpressiontous.HemingwayoncesaidthatTheOldManandtheSeacouldbeinalongernovel.Inthenovel,hecoulddescribemanyothervillagersandhowtheymadealivelylife,howtheywereeducated,howtheyborechildren,andsoon.Butheomittedallthose,onlydescribing,theoldmanandtheprocessoffishingtheMarlinandfightingthesharks.Besides,Hemingwaynotonlyreflectedreallifebutalsoexpressedhimselfinhiswork.Or,wecansay,Hemingway’screationissuperiortolife.Santiagoshowedthespirit“undefeated”whichHemingwayhas.SoHemingway’slifeattitudehasbeenwidelyrecognizedandimitatedallovertheworld.HemingwayisworthytobecalledtheCodeHero:hewasborninanintenselymiddle-classfamily,Chicago,OakPark.Hisfather,whowasadoctor,devotedtohunting,fishingandinfluencedonHemingwaygreatly第14页 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸whenhewasthreeyearsold,hisfathergavehimafishingpoleforhisbirthdaygift.Whenhewastenyearsold,hegotahuntinggun.Asaboyoffourteen,hewasencouragedtopracticeboxing.Hemingwayfoughtinthetwoworldwars:inthefirstwarasamedicalsoldier,andthesecondasareporter.HetookpartinWorldWarIasanhonorarylieutenantintheRedCross.Hewentoverseasasanambulancedriver.Hewaswoundedmanytimesandexperiencedatleast12operationswhichtookout227piecesofartilleryshells.Besides,hesufferedagreatdealfromaviationaccident:hiseyesinjuredwhilehuntingandinAfricanjunglehewasintwoairplaneaccidentsinthespacesoftwodays.Allthesedidn’tdefeatHemingway.Hewassuchamanwhoturneddowndefeat.Whenhewasoldhewaspoorinhealth.Stillheindulgedhimselfinfishing,huntingandbull-fightingfromwhichhepursuedthrillingscenesandenjoyedhimselfinfighting.Howeverthereisaquestion,“IsHemingwaytimidandpessimistic,sothatheiscommittedsuicide?”Theanswer,ofcourse,is“No”,Hemingwaysufferedmuchillnessandinjuryandhecommittedsuicideatlast.Buthissuicidecannotshowhewastimidandpessimistic.Onthecontrary,hesetuponimageofbraverbecauseheregardedhisillnessandinjuryashis“enemy”suchasthesharks.Heusedhislifeasaweapon,inordertogetridofhis“enemy”,hewouldratherchoosetodie.Heandhis“enemy”endedincommonruin.1.2TheAuthor’sViewontheNovelandtheOldManHemingwaydefinedtheCodeHeroas“amanwithlivescorrectly,followingtheidealsofhonor,courageandenduranceinaworldthatissometimeschaotic,oftenstressful,andalwayspainful”(TheAmericanTraditioninLiterature,Page78).Heshowed,inhisfamousphraseforit,“graceunderpressure”.TheCodeHeromeasureshimselfbyhowwelltheyhandlethedifficultsituationsthatlifethrowsathim.IntheendtheCodeHerowilllosebecauseweareallmortal,butthetruemeasureishowapersonfacesdeath.Thecodebelievesin“Nada”,aSpanishwordmeaningnothing.Alongwiththis,thereisnothingafterlife.Hemingway’sviewofhumannatureisthathappinessisrareandisfoundwithinamanandnotinhisoutsidecircumstanceorsurroundings.Hemingwayillustratesthisinthreeways.First,heportraysthehumannatureofSantiago,themaincharacter,asbeingoneofhumilityandcompassion,fullofstrengthandpride.Heisshownnotasagleefullyhappyman,butonewho第14页 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸meetslifewithaserene,quietresilience.Second,Santiago’sfellowvillagersareshownasshallow,withanarrowviewoflifecomparedtohis.TheirfocusonappearancesisinsharpcontrasttoSantiago’sfocusonintrinsicvalues.Third,itwillbeshownthathisrarebrandofhappinesscomesfromwithin.ToHemingway,thedignityofamanshouldbesoimportanttothatmanthatheiswillingtodieforit.MostlikelythatisthereasonSantiagowentdeepintothatsea,followingtheMarlin,tearingtheskinoffhishandsasheheldontothatline.ThisisalsowhySantiagoriskedhislifecatchingtheMarlin.Finally,hecaughtthemarlin,hewasproudofhimselfthathesoextremelywanted.Whenthesharksattackthefish,itisassameasthesharksattackinghisdignity.Thisismostlywhyanelderlyman,armedonlywithcrudeweaponswouldfightmanysharks.AsthesharkstearaparttheMarlinbitbybit,itisastheyaretearingaparthisdignitybitbybit.ThatiswhySantiagofoundthecouragetofightoffsharkstoprotecthisdignity.Hemingwayshowsthatamanwillnotriskhislifeforhisdignity,thenwhatisinthatlifetolivefor?Eventhoughtheoldmanlostthebattlewiththesharksattheend,“hisobtundingandpersistentdeterminationmakeshimasaperfectCodeHero”(TheAmericanTraditioninLiterature,Page82).Hehaddoneeverythingapersonpossiblycouldhave.ThroughSantiagoHemingwaytoldusthatwearewhollydownonourluckanddestroyedintheend.Thenweshouldconductourselvesjustliketheoldfisherman,notbepessimisticanddisappointedbuttokeeponstrugglinguntilwegetwhatwewant.Thatis,undefeatedspiritismostimportant.ThisisalsothenormalprincipleofHemingway.IthinkSantiagoinTheOldManandtheSeawasHemingwayhimself.InTheOldManandtheSea,Hemingwaywasfondofhimandsanghighpraiseofhim.Heplacedhispersonalexperienceontheoldmanandreflectedsomeofhisinnatecharacters.HemingwaymergedhimselfwithSantiagointhoughtsandfeelings.ThespiritofSantiagolastedandre-embodiedonHemingway.ThroughoutSantiago,theoldmancannotacceptthefactthatheisgettingoldandthatheslowlycastinghisstrength.Hemingwayinrealitywashavingthesameproblems.Hewasgettingoldandthingsheoncedid,henolongercoulddo.JustasHemingwaycouldnotacceptthatfact,neithercouldhischaracter:Santiago.Infact,Hemingwayutilizedhislifetoshowthathewasanunconquerable“oldlion”.第14页 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸ChapterTwoTheFourCharacteristicsofCodeHero2.1EverlastingHopefortheFutureOnemaylosethebattleinlife,buthecanachieveamoralsignificanceafterhiscourage,braveryandabilitytoendurehavebeentested.Becausehopedoesnotdie,powerisnotoff.Evenifthehopeisslim,wealsomusttryourbesttofightforit.Theauthorbelievesthat,hopemakestheoldmantofightwiththeMarlin,fightwiththesharksandfightwithhisownwill.Atthebeginningofthenovel,theauthorportraystheimageoftheoldman.“Theoldmanwasthinandgauntwithdeepwrinklesinthebackoftheneck.Thebrownblotchedofthebenevolentskincancerthesunbringsfromitsreflectiononthetropicseawereonhischeeks.Theblotchesranwelldownthesidesofhiscords.Butnoneofthesescarswereflesh.Theywereasoldaserosionsinafishlessdesert”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page1).Whenwereadhere,wemaybeshowoursympathytotheoldmanandthinkthathecannotdoanything.Furthermore,Santiago’slifeisnotingoodcondition.Helivesinashackinwhichthereisonlyabed,onechairandaplaceonthedirtyfloortocookwithcharcoal.Heissopoorthathadno“potofyellowriceandfishtoeat”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page2).Whilesailingforfishing,hehasonlyabottleofwaterwithhim.Heleadsalonelylife.Hiswifediedleavinghimnochildren.Exceptaboyheoncetaughttofish,hehasfewfriends.Itseemsthatfewpeoplecarehim.Whatismore,heisafailureincatchingfish.Foreighty-fourdayshefishedinaskiffwithouttakingafish.Eighty-fourdaysisalongperiodoftime.Eighty-fourdayswithoutafishisveryunfortunateforafisherman.Foraweather-beaten,poverty-strickenandlonelyoldmanlikeSantiago,themiserymightbebeyondanyone’sintolerance.Foramancantoleratefailure,butcan’ttoleratecontinuousfailure.Toomuchfailurewillsuredefeatamanevenwithstrongwill.Forthisreason,wemayarriveattheconclusionthatSantiagowillgiveupfishing.Buttooursurprise,thecolorofthecharacterisbrighterinthefollowing,“everythingabouthimwasoldexcepthiseyesandtheywerethesamecolorastheseaandwerecheerfulandundefeated”(The第14页 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸OldManandtheSea,Page2).Theeyesoftheoldmanarenotstuffyandhehastheeyesthose“werethesamecolorasthesea”thatonlytheyoungmanhas,whichshowstheoldmanhasayoungheartastheyoung.“Hefittedtheropelashingsoftheoarsontothetholepinsand,leaningforwardagainstthethrustofthebladesinthewater,hebegantorowoutoftheharborinthedark”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page18).Theoldmanfirmlyinsiststhathewillnotalwaysbeunfortunate,andshipsintothedeepseawithoutlookingback.Whatmakestheoldmanmakesuchadecisionunderthedifficultcondition?Throughtheman,theauthorpointsout—eventhoughlifeisharder,eventhewretchedstandpoint,“Butwhoknows?Maybetoday.Everydayisanewday”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page22).Thisisthehopeforthefuture,nevergivinguphopeforthefuture.Theauthorfurtherstrengthensthecharacteroftheoldman—theCodeHero.WhenthesharkshaveeatenhalfoftheMarlin,“itissillynottohope,hethought.BesidesIbelieveitisasin.Donotthinkaboutsin,hethought”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page90).“heforkedthetillerfreefromtherudderandbeatandchoppedwithit,holdingitdownagainandagain…”Finally,hesawonesharkcameagainsttheheadofthisfish,andheknewallwasover.Heswungthetilleracrosstheshark’sheadwherethejawswerecaughtintheheavinessofthefish’sheadwhichwouldnottear.Heswungitonceandtwiceandagain.Heheardthetillerbreakandhelungedatthesharkwiththesplinteredburr.Hefeltitgoinandknowingitwassharphedroveitinagain.Thesharkletgoandrolledaway.Thatwasthelastsharkofthepackthatcame.Therewasnothingmoreforthemtoeat.Atlast,hesailedbackintoharborexhaustedly,withaskeletonofhisfishandabrokenskiff.“She’sgood,hethought.Sheissoundandnotharmedinanywayexceptforthetiller.Thatiseasilyreplaced”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page109).Allwhattheoldmanseesaregoodside.Hefailed,however,“heisnot‘defeated’,despitethefactthathasbeen‘beaten’,ashehimselfadmits,byhisviolationofthesacredcode.Hepronouncesthatnothing’beathimreallyandthathisonlyfaultwasthathe‘wentouttoofar’”(ElegantDemeanorunderHeavyPressure,Page90).第14页 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸2.2DaringSpiritforFacingtheChallengeTheprocessoftheoldman’sfishingisjustlikethehuman’swholelife.Everyoneintheworldlivesahardlifeandhastofacethevastandvastsea,thegreedysharkswithsharptooth,andalongwithhimselfisjustaboatandhissoulthatsupporthimliveintheworld.Facingwiththerespectedbutfearsomenature,thehumanbeingissoinsignificant.Howevertheauthorhasraisedsuchaquestion:bywhatthehumanbeingshouldhavetoliveinthework?Atthesametime,theauthoransweredthisquestionbyportrayingthewaythattheoldmanfacestheseaanddealswiththesharksalone.“Justthen,watchinghislines,hesawoneoftheprojectinggreensticksdipsharply.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page31)Abigfishishooked.Atthefirstroundofcontest,theoldmansuppresseshisowndesireandwaitsthefishtoeatthehookquietly.Theoldman’ssilentsoundsreflecthisstrongdesirefromthedeepheart.“Eatthem,fish.Eatthem.Pleasedeatthem.Howfreshtheyareand…”“‘Comedown,’theoldmansaidaloud.‘Makeanotherturn.Justsmellthem.Aren"ttheylovely?Eatthemgoodnowandthenthereisthetuna.Don’tbeshy,fish.Eatthem.’”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page31-32)Withpatienttheoldmanfacesthesilentbeforethebattle.Nextisthecontestofthestrength.Theoldman“swingwitheacharmalternatelyonthecordwithallthestrengthofhisarmandthepivotedweightofhisbody.”But“nothinghappened.Thefishjustmovedawayslowlyandtheoldmancouldnotraisehimaninch.”Thefishissobigthatcanpullawaytheboattothewiderdeepsea.Atonesideisaveryoldman,andattheothersideisunfathomableseaandunknowninjuries,thereaderscanimaginethepicture.Hegeleversaid,“Thegreatpersonalityandthedegreeoffirmnesscanonlybemeasuredbythoseoftheopponents.”(TheImageinHemingway’s‘TheOldManandtheSea’,Page24)Theoldman’sadmirablecourageisalsodemonstratedbytheopponent—theseaandthesharks.Onthereturningvoyagetheoldmansuffersgreaterchallenge:theMarlin’sblooddrawsthesharksgroup.Theauthorusesmuchinktoportraythesharks“wide,flattened,shovel-pointedheadsnowandtheirwhite-tippedwidepectoralfins.Theywerehatefulsharks,bad-smelling,scavengersaswellaskillers,andwhentheywerehungrytheywouldbiteatanoarortherudder第14页 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸ofaboat.Itwasthesesharksthatwouldcuttheturtle’slegsandflippersoffwhentheturtleswereasleeponthesurface,andtheywouldhitamaninthewater,iftheywerehungry…”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page93)Theseportraysaimtodescribetheoldman’sspirit.Theharderthefishandthesharksaretodefeat,thetallertheoldman’simageis.Theessenceoftheoldmanisweak.“Unlesssharkscome,”hesaidout.“Ifsharkscome,Godpityhimandme.”“IwishithadbeenadreamnowandthatIhadneverhookedthefishandwasaloneinbedonthenewspapers.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page89)But“manisnotmadedefeated,”hesaid,“Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page89)“‘Ay,’theoldmansaid.‘Galanos.Comeon,galanos.’”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page93)“‘Fightthem,’hesaid,‘I’llfightthemuntilIdie.’”“Nowtheyhavebeatenme,hethought.Iamtoooldtoclubsharkstodeath.ButIwilltryitaslongasIhavetheoarsandtheshortclubandthetiller.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page97)Theoldmanchallengestheage,andchallengesthephysicallimit.“Hefeltfaintagainnowbutheheldonthegreatfishallthestrainthathecould.Imovedhim,hethought.MaybethistimeIcangethimover.Pull,hands,hethought.Holdup,legs.Lastforme,head.Lastforme.Youneverwent.ThistimeIwillpullhimover.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page78)Thesewordsandbehaviorsalloriginatefromtheoldman’sdesiretothevictoryandstrength.Theoldmancantalkthebaseballwiththechildhappily.Andheoftendreamsofthelions,whichcanexpressthispointstrongly.Lions,inthewesternworld,wereconsideredasasymbolofstrengthandpower.Whentheoldmanwasyoung,hisspiritofdaringtobethenumberonehasbeenaccumulated.TheauthorportraysthattheoldmanplayedthehandgamewithagreatNegrofromCasablancawhowasthestrongestmanonthedocks,“theyhadgoneonedayandonenightwiththeirelbowsonachalklineonthetableandtheirforearmsstraightupandtheirhandsgrippedtight.Eachonewastryingtoforcetheother’shanddownontothetable.”“Hehadunleashedhiseffortandforcedthehandofthenegrodownanddownuntilitrestedonthewood.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page57)“Hedecidedthathecouldbeatanyoneifhewantedtobadlyenoughand…”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page59)It’snodoubtthat,theageofbeingfullofenergyandpowerhasgoneandtheoldmanisnotstrongerthaneverbefore.Butfromthenovelwecanseethattheoldmanissoeagertoregainthepower.Hepursueswhatiscalleda第14页 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸eternalthing—dignityofthehuman.2.3HeroicBehaviorintheActualBattleDefinitelyamidgetinspiritualcouldn’tbecomeanactualgiant.Ifapersonhasstrongwillbuthetakesnoactualaction,heisstillamidget.Santiagodoesn’tonlyhavespiritualpower,healsoprovehispowerandstrengthbyhisaction.BydescribingtheprocessofhisfishingtheMarlinandfightingwiththesharks,HemingwayshowsusanothercharacteristicofSantiagoasacodehero.Thatis,todisplaygreattenacityandtoshowthedeath—defyingspiritintheactualbattle.Withhisexceedingself-confidencehegetsridofhisbadluckandcatchesthefishwhichislongerthanhisskiff.TheMarlinisimmenseandstrong.SantiagoandtheMarlin,neithersideisreadytoyield.Thegreatfishisalsoaremarkableandrespectablefish.TheMarlinisactuallytowingtheskiffbehindhim.Thefishmovessteadilyandtheytravelsslowlyonthecalmwater.“Thecontestistoseewhocanendurelongerthantheother.BythistimeSantiago’sstrawhatcutshisforeheadandhehasbeenwithoutnourishmentforhours.Buthejustdrinksalittlewater,thenherestedsittingonthesittingontheunstoppedmastandsailandtriednottothinkbutonlytoendure”(TheAmericanTraditioninLiterature,Page117).Intheoldman’sattitudetothefishthereisthetypeofgallantryandheroismthatHemingwayadmires.Thisgallantry,thisheroism,isparalleledbythestoicalheroismofthegreatMarlin,likehisopponent,neithergivesup.Inaddition,theforceexertedbytheoldmanisexactlycounter—balancedbythenaturalforcebeingexertedatthistimebythehugehiddenfish.JustbecausetheMarlinisasstrongmindedasSantiagohimself,SantiagobeginstoloveandrespecttheMarlin.AlthoughtheMarlinhasswallowedthebait,hedoesn’tadmithisfailure.“Thefishmadeasurgethatpulledhimdownonhisfaceandmadeacutbelowhiseye.Thebloodrandownhischeekalittleway.Butiscoagulatedanddriedbeforeitreachedhischinandheworkedhiswaybacktothehowandrestedagainstthewood.”AtthistimeifSantiagocutthelineandletsthefishgo,hecangetridoftheembracement,butthatalsomeansSantiagofailsinthebattle.Santiagodoesn’tchoosesuchasolution.Heevendoesn’tthinkofit.Whenheisthirsty,hetakessomewater;whenheissleepy,heliesforwardcramminghimselfagainstthelinewithallofhisbody,puttingallhis第14页 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸weightontohisrighthand.Evenhislefthandcrampsandhisrighthandiscutbytheline,hejusttrieshisbesttoendure.Fromtheoldfisherman’spointofview,anypaindoesnotmattertoaman.HemakesresolutiontostaywiththeMarlinuntilheisdead.ThenSantiagomeetswithamoreterribledisaster.ThesharksspringontheMarlinandwanttotakehisprizeaway.Theoldfishermandoesn’tfoldhishandsandwaitfordestruction.Instead,hebravelydeterminestofightthemuntilhedies.Actuallytheoldman’sheadisclearandgoodnow.Heisfullofresolutiontofightwiththemuntilthesharks.Butheknowsthatthereislittlehopeforhimtowinsinceheissowearyandsotired.Heknowsthefailureisinevitable.Butheshouldbehaveasamaninthebattlefield.Withhisbloodmashedhandsheramstheharpoondownontothebiggestshark,butthesharktakeshisharpoonaway.Sohelasheshisknifetothebuttofoneoftheoars.Thenhetakesuptheoarwiththeknifebladesnaps.Inthedark,groupsofsharksspringontotheMarlin.Heknowsthathistriumphistoogoodtolast.Butontheotherhand,“manisnotmadefordefeat,”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page89)thisdeclarationclearlypresentshischaracteristicasaCodeHero.“Thisfidelitytowhathebelievesispartofhisquixoticgallantry.”Infacingsomanysharks,Santiagodoesn’tshowanyfear.Hepullshimselftogetherandfightsthesharksmorefiercely.2.4LonelinessEnduranceintheLongFightingTheauthordoesn’ttellustheoriginsoftheoldman,nobodyknowswherehecomesfrom,nordoesnooneknowwhetherhehasrelatives.“Hewasanoldmanwhofishedaloneinaskiff,”onlyachildcompanieswithhim.Butafter40days,thechildisalsogoingawayorderedbyhisparents.Theoldmanhastofacetheseaandthesharks.Butthesearenotthemostfearfulthing,thegreatestfearisloneliness.Thefeelingoflonelinessismorefearfulthanlonelinessitself.Theonlywaytheoldmanresolvesitistotalktohimself.Theauthorhasmanyportraysthattheoldmanistalkingtohimself:Atthebeginning,“helookedacrosstheseaandknewhowalonehewasnow.”But“hecouldseetheprismsinthedeepdarkwaterandthelinestretchingaheadandthestrangeundulationofthecalm.Thecloudswerebuildingupnowforthetradewindandhelookedaheadandsawaflightofwildducksetchingthemselvesagainsttheskyoverthewater,thenblurring,第14页 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸thenetchingagain,”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page22)“Hedidnotrememberwhenhehadfirststartedtotalkaloudwhenhewasbyhimself.Hehadsungwhenhewasbyhimselfintheolddaysandhehadsungatnight,Sometimeswhenhewasalonesteeringonhiswatchinthesmacksorintheturtleboats.Hehadprobablystartedtotalkaloud,whenalone,whentheboyhadleft.Buthedidnotremember.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page29)Theseportraystellusthatmostoftheoldman’slifecomeswithloneliness.Iftheboywashere,theoldmanishappy.Whenheisalone,hejusttalkstohimselforsingsloudlytomakefun.“IftheothersheardmetalkingoutloudtheywouldthinkthatIamcrazy,”hesaidaloud.“ButsinceIamnotcrazy,Idonotcare.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page30)Theoldmanevensaystothebird“Stayatmyhouseifyoulike,bird”,“IamsorryIcannothoistthesailandtakeyouinwiththesmallbreezethatisrising.ButIamwithafriend.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page44)Inthecommontime,theoldmanisalwayswiththeboy.Butthistime,theoldmansailsalone.WhenstrugglingwiththeMarlin,theoldmanalsosaystohimself,“IwishIhadtheboy.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page41).“IwishIhadtheboy,”thewordappearsmanytimesinthework.Idon’tthinktheoldmanhopetherewassomeonewhocanhelphim.“Hedecidedthathecouldbeatanyoneifhewantedtobadlyenough.”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page59)Whatheislookingforwardtoisthatsomeonecanseehisexperience,hiscourageandhisability.Theoldmaniseagertobeidentified,andhepursuesoftheself-satisfaction.Throughtalkingtohimself,heovercomestheloneliness,and“heknewnomanwaseveraloneonthesea.”(ElegantDemeanorunderHeavyPressure,Page31)第14页 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸ConclusionInTheOldManandtheSea,HemingwayvividlycreatesanimageofCodeHero.Santiagoemergesasaherowhoreflectstheauthor’sownlifeattitude.Thatis,tofightthroughthefailureisinevitableandtoshowdignityandgraceunderpressure.Santiagohasstrongwill,self-confidenceandresolutiontoovercomeallkindsofdifficultiesinhislife.Eventhoughheknowsthathecannotwinthebattles,hestilltriesallhisbesttofightinordertoshowhisdignityandcourageandbraveryandskill.Heisafailedherointhebattle,thoughwithhisfallandfailure,hewinsourloveandrespect.It’simportantforustohaveadeepunderstandingaboutSantiago’sfamoussaying,afterhekilledthefirstshark:“Manisnotmadedefeated”,“Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated”(TheOldManandtheSea,Page89).Itnotonlydistinctlyportraystheoldman’scharacter:hisendurance,persistenceand“undefeated”spiritbutalsoexpressesthenovel’stheme.Itisthespiritbutalsoexpressesencouragesforustosmileinthefaceofadversity.WeshouldnotonlyappreciatetheCodeHerobutalsotrytobeamanlikeCodeHero.Especiallyinthepresentsociety,everyonemayconfrontfailure,fromthestudyorfromthework.WhatwelearnfromtheCodeHerocanhelpusconductourselveswellas“badluck”iscoming,that,toshow“graceunderpressure”(ElegantDemeanorunderHeavyPressure,Page2).Weshallnevergiveuphopesinanydifficultconditions,keepdaringspiritandneveradmitdefeatintheprocessoffighting;thirdly,behaveheroicallyintheactualbattle;andlast,endurethelonelinessinthelongprocessofthefighting.Ifwedidthat,wecanbehaveliketheoldman,andnolongerbeafraidofanydifficultthings.Inourfuturestudyingandworking,wewillovercomedifficultproblemswiththeconfidenceofboundingtowin.第14页 青岛理工大学琴岛学院毕业论文用纸AcknowledgementsThepaperisfinishedunderthekindguidanceandcordialsolicitudeofmytutor,AnMei.Shehasexertedgreatenergiesandeffortsfromtheselectionofthesubjecttotheformingofthewholepaper.HereIwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetoher.Inaddition,Iwanttoexpressmythankstoallmyteachersinthecollegefortheirteachingandmythankstomyclassmatesandfriendsfortheirhelpandsupport.Atlast,Iwanttothankmyfamilyfortheireverlastingunderstandingandsupporttomystudy.第14页 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