【英语论文】在欧亨利小说《麦琪的礼物》中写作风格的分析Analysis of O.Henry’s Writing Style on The Gift of the Magi.doc 10页

'毕业论文在欧亨利小说《麦琪的礼物》中写作风格的分析AnalysisofO.Henry’sWritingStyleonTheGiftoftheMagi学院：专业：英语学生姓名：学号：指导教师：职称：合作导师：职称：完成时间：成绩： AnalysisofO.Henry’sWritingStyleonTheGiftoftheMagi目录Abstract:2摘要21.Introduction32.Descriptiveindication43.Theintroductionandreflectionoftwistending43.1Theintroductionoftwistending43.2Thedeepreflectionoftwistending53.2.1Thepurelovebetweenmaincharacters53.2.2Thehumandefectsofthesociety53.2.3Thepurposeofmoralteachingthroughthecontrast64.conversationalversionofnarration65.Biblicalreferencesaddingtothemorallesson76.Conclusion7WorksCited89 AnalysisofO.Henry’sWritingStyleonTheGiftoftheMagiAbstract:ThisessaymainlyanalysesthewritingstyleinO.Henry’sshortstoryTheGiftoftheMagi.O.Henryusesdescriptiveindication,twistending,conversationalversionofnarrationandbiblicalreferencestorevealthethemeofhumanityandachievethemoralteaching.Partonetheintroductiontellusauthor’spositionandstorybackground.Afterinformedofthisinformation,wecangetbetterunderstandingofhisworkandthinkitmoreplausibly.ThenextfourpartsintrouducethefouraspectsofO.Henry’swritingstyleonebyone,mainlyfocusingontwistending.Benefitingfromdetailedkowningofhiswritingstyle,wecanconcludethehumanitybothvirtuesanddefects.Finally，it’seasyforustogainthemoralteachingandunderstandO.Henry’swritingintention.Partsixdrawsaconclusionaboutthewholeessay.TheessayonanalysisofO.Henry’sworkwillarousemyinterestofliterarylearning.Furthermore,itmakesuspaymoreattentiontoO.Henry’sworks.KeyWords:descriptiveindication;twistending;conversationalnarration;biblicalreferences9 AnalysisofO.Henry’sWritingStyleonTheGiftoftheMagi在欧.亨利小说《麦琪的礼物》中写作风格的分析丁欢红摘要：本文主要分析欧亨利短篇小说《麦琪的礼物》中的写作风格。作者采用暗示的描写手法、出其不意的结尾、对话性的叙述以及圣经故事的引用来揭示人性这一主题，实现道德说教。第一部分介绍了作者的地位及故事背景。在了解作者的这些信息后，我们能更好地了解他的作品及对此理性思考。接下来四部分分别介绍欧亨利写作风格的四个方面，重点分析出其不意的结尾。在细节性了解他的写作风格的基础上，可以从不同人物身上得出人性的善恶面这一结论。最后，我们可以轻松地获取道德启示及理解欧亨利的写作意图。第六部分，对全文作一总结。本文对欧亨利作品的分析，将有利于提高本人对文学作品学习的兴趣；并且，可以让我们更多地关注欧亨利的作品。关键词：暗示描述、艺术结尾、对话叙述、圣经引用9 AnalysisofO.Henry’sWritingStyleonTheGiftoftheMagiAnalysisofO.Henry’sWritingStyleonTheGiftoftheMagi.IntroductionO.Henry,namedWilliamSydneyPorter,isadistinguishedAmericanstorywriter,oneofthethreemostfamousshort-storywritersintheworld,enjoysequalstatuswithChekhovandMaupassant.Hecreatesanoriginal,typicallyAmericandemocraticformofshortstorieswithavaluablecriticalawarenessoflifeandsociety,throughwhichexpressedhishumur.Therefore,somecriticscallhim“thefounderofAmericanstories”.Thisstoryoccursintheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury.AtthatperiodoftimeinAmerica,bourgeoisiebribedthegovernmentandcorruptedthefunctioneddepartmentingovernment.Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorwasdeeper.Thenumberoflowerclasspoorpeoplerocketed.Thewholesocietywasunderaprofoundchange.Thedevelopmentofconsumptioncultureandsubsequentproblemsofmoralityconsistedofmanycontradictionsinpeople’ssocialbehaviors.Suchcharactersassacrifice,diligenceandmodelarestressedintheendof19thcentury,whilepersonalitieslikepurchase,vanityandpersonalsuccesswerestressedinthebeginningof20thcentury.ManyofO.Henry’sstoriestakeplaceinNewYork,thecapitalwherethecontradictionsharplyexists.O.Henryhasanobviousaffectionforthecity.Hisstoriesdealforthemostpartwithordinarypeople:clerks,policemen,andwaitresses.InTheGiftoftheMagi,bothJimandDella’sgiftsarecompletelybeyondtheirpurchasingpower.Thatwouldreflectpeople’sattitudetowardeconomy.Becauseofthetideofmaterialism,peoplepaymuchattentiononconsumption,eventakeitasan“adventure”.Thecommodity-statusrelationshipdominatespeople’smind.ThoughDellaandJim’sbuyinggiftsaregreatlyinfluencedbytheconsumptioncultureshift,theendingshowsoutthetruelovethroughtheirtoughcourseofpurchasing.TheplotsinO.Henry’sworksappeartobenothingspecialatfirstglance.Nevertheless,readthosetotheendingandyouwillfindsomethingunusualoutofwhatseemstobetooordinary.Iwouldliketosay,hisworksarefullofdepthinportrayinganunfathomablehumanityofcharacter.Hisworksarethebestrevealmentofhumanityaswellasthereflectionofsocietyfromthetwistending.Furthermore,theusingofdescriptiveindication,conversationalnarrationandbiblicalreferencesmaketheshortstorymoreimpressive.9 AnalysisofO.Henry’sWritingStyleonTheGiftoftheMagi.DescriptiveindicationHenryusesdescriptiveindictiontohintatwhatthetwistendingtohisstorywillbe."Now,thereweretwopossessionsoftheJamesDillinghamYoungsinwhichtheybothtookamightypride.OnewasJim"sgoldwatch...TheotherwasDella"shair"(Henry2).Thisemphasisconveystothereadertheimportanceofthesetwoassets,andensuresthattheywillbeafocalpointinthestorylateron.Aftersellingherhairoutofdesperation,DellagoestobuyJimachainforhiswatch."AssoonasshesawitsheknewthatitmustbeJim"s...Grandasthewatchwas,hesometimeslookedatitontheslyonaccountoftheoldleatherstrapthatheusedinplaceofachain"(Henry3).Althoughthewatchisafamilyheirloom,thefactthatJimisnotentirelyproudofitbecauseofthestrapputsintoquestionhowmuchhevaluesthewatch.Lastly,HenryconcludestheforeshadowingwithJim"sreactiontoDella"shair."Jimstoppedinsidethedoor,asimmovableasasetteratthescentofquail...Hesimplystaredatherfixedlywiththatpeculiarexpressiononhisface"(Henry4,5).Becausetheseelementstothestoryareintroducedwithimpeccabletiming,O.Henry"sindicationleadstoafantasticending..Theintroductionandreflectionoftwistending3.1TheintroductionoftwistendingThemostremarkablecharacteristicofO.Henry’sshortstoriesistwistending.Itmeansthatattheendofanarticlethementalstatusorthefateofthemaincharacterhaschangedgreatly,butthischangeisbasedoncertainreasonshavementionedinthepreviousarticle.Heoftenstressesonsomethingimportantbutnotthemostimportantinhisworks.Themostimportantpartalwaysseemstowriteincidentally,whicheventhemostcircumspectivereadermayignoreit.However,thewholepassageissuddenlyendowedwithagreatcharmbecauseofthesuddenchangeandcausedaprofoundconsiderationofthesituationorproblemthearticlehasrevealed.Whenthestoriesendinatotallyunexpectedbutreasonableway,wecandonothingbutcheerforO.Henry’sliterarytalent.9 AnalysisofO.Henry’sWritingStyleonTheGiftoftheMagi3.1Thedeepreflectionoftwistending3.2.1ThepurelovebetweenmaincharactersJimandhiswifeDellaareyoungcouplewhoareverymuchinlovewitheachother,butcanbarelyaffordtheirone-roomapartmentduetotheirverybadeconomicsituation.Sotheyliveinaverybadcondition,theyaresopoorthattheycannotaffordtotheirChristmasgifts.ButforChristmas,DelladecidestobuyJimafobforhisprizedpocketwatchgiventohimbyhisfather’sfather.Toraisethefunds,shehasherlong,beautifulhaircutoffandsoldtomakeawig.Meanwhile,JimdecidestosellhiswatchtobuyDellaabeautifulsetofcombsmadeoutoftortoiseshellandjewelsforherlovely,knee-lengthbrownhair.Thoughtheyareonlythesmallpotatoeswholiveinthelowerclasses,theyneverlosttheirfervencytotheirlivesandloveeachotherdeeply.Finally,theyfindthatthesepresentsarenolongeruseful,buttheyhavebeenthemostpricelessoneintheworld,likeasincerelovetoeachother.Theyloveeachothersodeeply,that’senough.Theyhavealreadyownedthewholeworld.3.2.2ThehumandefectsofthesocietyMostofO.Henry’sstoriesaresetincontemporarypresent,theearlyyearsofthe20thcentury.AtthatperiodoftimeinAmerica,thebourgeoisiewasgettingtheupperhandandthecapitalisteconomywasboomingtoitstop.Bourgeoisiebribedthegovernmentandcorruptedthefunctioneddepartmentingovernment.Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorwasdeeper.Thenumberoflowerclasspoorpeoplerocketed.Thewholesocietywasundergoingaprofoundchange.Thecharactersofthestoryaremainlythelowerclasswhostrugglestomakealivinginsadness,impoverished,crucialandunjustsociety.Whethergoodorbad,provideforitspeople,somepeoplecorrupted,somestillstoodattheveryfirstplace,keepingpureheartedandself-sacrificed.InTheGiftoftheMagi,wereadersarenotonlytouchedbythesupremeofvaluablelove,butatthesametimewegetcluesofhowdarknessthesocietyis,therichpeopleinthesocietyarecold-hearted;theyshownomercyand9 AnalysisofO.Henry’sWritingStyleonTheGiftoftheMagisympathytothepoor.3.2.1ThepurposeofmoralteachingthroughthecontrastOntheonehand,thepoorcoupleJimandDellaselltheonlyvaluablethingstheyownonlytogiveeachotherspecialChristmasgifts.Toacertainextent,thesegiftsareuseless.Dellacannotwearhercombswithoutherhair,andJimcannotusehiswatchchainwithouthiswatch.However,DellaandJimgiveeachotherthebestofallpossiblegifts,itislove.Ontheotherhand,wecanalsorealizethedarknessofthesociety.Thepoorliveinaquitebadsituation.Therichbenefitthemselvesattheexpenseofothers.Inordertomakemoneytheynevershowmercyandsympathytothepoor.Thepoorgetpoorerandpoorer;therichgetricherandricher.Throughthisobviouscontrast,O.Henrywantstorevealthethemeofbothvirtuesanddefectsinordertoawakepeople’sconscienceandtheirdeepestdesireforallgoodthings,sothatpeoplecanmaketheireffortstosavethewholeworld..conversationalversionofnarrationO.Henry"sconversationalversionofnarrationprovidesinsighttothecharacters,andhelpstoconveythemessageofthestory."Therewasclearlynothingtodobutflopdownontheshabbylittlecouchandhowl.SoDelladidit.Whichinstigatesthemoralreflectionthatlifeismadeupofsobs,sniffles,andsmiles,withsnifflespredominating"(Henry1).ThisreflectiononDellanotonlydetailsherfeelings,butitalsosetsupthereaderformoreofHenry"sgracefulnarrationstyle."WhenDellareachedhomeherintoxicationgavewayalittletoprudenceandreason...Whichisalwaysatremendoustask,dearfriends--amammothtask"(Henry4).Again,Della"sthoughtsaredepicted,anditisasifHenryisspeakingtoalargeaudienceofcomradesbyreferringtothereadersasfriends."Poorfellow,hewasonlytwenty-two--andtobeburdenedwithafamily!Heneededanewovercoatandhewaswithoutgloves"(Henry4).Here,Jimisdescribedwithyetmorecommentarythatisusuallynotseeninnarration.O.Henry"spanacheaddsaspecialtouchtothestorywithapersonallookinsideofthecharacters"minds,andthereaderisexposedtoadistinctiveapproachtowritingthatsetsanappropriatelygenialnarrative.9 AnalysisofO.Henry’sWritingStyleonTheGiftoftheMagi.BiblicalreferencesaddingtothemorallessonBiblicalreferencesareemployedwiththeintentofaddingtothemorallesson,andemphasizingwhatChristmasisreallyabout."HadthequeenofShebalivedintheflatacrosstheairshaft,DellawouldhaveletherhairhangoutthewindowsomedaytodryjusttodepreciateHerMajesty"sjewelsandgifts"(Henry2).Della"shairisglorifiedhere,whileJim"swatchisinthefollowingsentence."HadKingSolomonbeenthejanitor,withallhistreasurespiledupinthebasement,Jimwouldhavepulledouthiswatcheverytimehepassed,justtoseehimpluckathisbeardfromenvy"(Henry2).Thesetwoquotessuggesttothereaderthatweshouldvaluewhatwehave,andvalueeachotherforourownpositivefeatures.Intheconcludingparagraph,O.Henrymakestherealmeaningofhisstoryringtrue."Themagi,asyouknow,werewisemen--wonderfullywisemen--whobroughtgiftstotheBabeinthemanger...Oallwhogiveandreceivegifts,suchastheyarewisest.Everywheretheyarewisest.Theyarethemagi"(Henry7).ThismentionoftheBiblicalmagiremindsthereaderwhypeoplecelebrateChristmas,andpresentsthelessonoflovebeingthemostimportantgiftofall.SuchreferencesservetoexplainHenry"smotivationsforwritingthestory,andhowsignificantthemessageofthetaletrulyis..Conclusion"TheGiftoftheMagi"isoneofthemanystorieswhereO.Henryusestwistendingdescriptiveindication,conversationalnarrationandbiblicalreferences,butthisispossiblythemostmeaningfulone.Inaworldwheregift-givinghasbecomesocommercialized,peopleshouldalwaysremembertherealreasontheyaregivingtooneanother.ThemorallessonisthatJimandDella"sselflessloveforeachotherismorevaluablethananyoftheirpossessions.WithHenry"suseofaconversationalversionofnarration,descriptiveindication,andbiblicalreferences,thestorysucceedsingettingacrosshismessageinamarvelousway.9 AnalysisofO.Henry’sWritingStyleonTheGiftoftheMagiWorksCitedHenry.O,SelectedStories.Tianjing:People’sPublishingHouse,2002戴欣译注.《欧.亨利作品选》天津：天津人民出版社，2002Conn,Peter.LiteratureinAmerica.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1989伊.彼得《美国文学》剑桥:剑桥大学出版社,1989Prescott,S.Peter.AmericanShortStories.NewYork:MacmillanPublishingCompany,1988.斯彼得.普里斯科特《美国短篇小说》纽约：麦克米兰出版公司，1988Rubinstein,AnnetteT.AmericanLiterature.Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress,1988.鲁宾斯坦.安妮特《美国文学》北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1988王永年《欧·亨利短篇小说选》北京：人民文学出版社，2003李学伦《欧·亨利短篇小说》青海：青海出版社,2004赵莉,黄春妮《欧·亨利作品导读》武汉：武汉大学出版社,2003朱文,朱碧恒《欧·亨利作品赏析》北京：中国和平出版社,19969'