《英美报刊选读》答案.doc 17页

'《英美报刊选读》一、教学目的 通过本课程的学习，使学员对英美报刊有一个清晰的了解，认识英美报刊语言、文体、词汇、语法等基本特点，掌握英美报刊阅读的基本知识及技巧，为独立阅读英美报刊打下良好的基础。 二、教材特点 与该课程旧教材（第1版）相比，本教材具有以下特点：1．为使学生改变以往依赖教师和英汉词典的学习习惯，培养他们独自排解疑难词语的能力，编者不但向他们推荐工具书，并教授他们使用方法；为使他们能加深对词汇的记忆，还介绍词法和重要词根及词缀。2．为使学生掌握必要的新闻词语和扩大词汇量，本书在“新闻词语解说”中尽量结合课文，讲透疑难词语。此外还列出一些与这些词语或课文内容有关的课外词汇。3．为使学生掌握必要的读报知识，本书在“背景知识”中尽量结合课文，介绍重要的并时常见诸报端的人物、党派和组织机构等，并举例说明其重要性。4．为使学生对新闻写作有一个大致的认识，加深对课文的理解，编者较系统地说明标题的若干特点，对新闻体裁的分类、导语和写作特点及常语等做了简介。 三、教学内容 《英美报刊选读》为省开课程。1．授课内容：重点为第1、3、4、5、6、8、13、15、17、19、20、21、24、28、30课（共15课），其它内容主要供自学。2．课时安排：a)学员自学：2学时/周，共30学时学完15课。b)     面授辅导：4学时/次，共4次。每学时辅导一课，最后一学时复习。3．作业：共四次，在湖北电大网站英语本科网页上下载，课后完成，交辅导教师批改，评分，作为平时成绩的主要依据。学员完成作业后，可浏览网页上的“答案及详解”，以加深理解，检查自己掌握的情况四、教学建议教师授课时应以学生为中心，鼓励学生自己去探索和获取知识。在上课时，可要求学生先回答每课后的练习题——Questions, 使他们基本了解课文的主要内容。然后，再逐段或跳跃式选段对学生需要掌握的内容、新闻词语和背景知识进行阅读和问答式方式讲解。如果备课充分，学生的英语水平又高，教员可采用美英教员教授母语的方法，抛开课本或讲义，只讲有关课文的重点词语、背景知识和写作手法等。这样，学生除预习外，课后还要结合教员在课堂上所讲的内容好好复习课文。这两种授课方式的好处是，使学生通过自学（指预习）和教师的指导，自己主动去掌握知识。与以教员为中心的灌输式教学方式相比，学生更能巩固所学，并使他们今后更能发挥学习潜能。此外，这也使有的教员摆脱了那种课文注释那么详细而觉得在课堂上没有多少可讲的被动地位和局面。当然，这只是本人的实践和看法。我相信在调动学生主动学习的积极性方面还有更多、更好的教学法。五.考试说明“英美报刊选读”期末考试题型介绍 1．报刊名称及常见报刊词汇英译汉：十小题，每题2分，共20分内容以辅导书的附录为主.2．阅读理解：2篇文章，选自作业题，选择题或判断题，共40分。3．阅读与翻译：一篇文章，选自教材重点课目练习，共40分。1)．问答题：20分。2).段落英译汉：20分。六.课程辅导《英美报刊选读》辅导一NewspapersandHeadlinesDoyouhavethehabitofreadingnewspapersinEnglish?Whatnewspapersdoyouliketoread?ThefollowingisalistofthemajornewspapersinBritainandtheUnitedStates.●ThemajornewspapersinBritainDailiesSundaysTheTimesNewsoftheWorldTheGuardianTheObserverFinancialTimesTheSundayPeopleTheDailyTelegraphSundayMirrorDailyExpressTheSundayTelegraphDailyMailTheSundayTimesDailyMirror ●ThemajordailynewspapersintheUnitedStatesNewYorkTimesUSATodayWashingtonPostChicagoDailyTribuneLosAngelesTimesDetroltNewsWallStreetJournalNewYorkDailyNewsChristianScienceMonitorNewspapers,alongwithreportingthenews,instruct,entertain,andgiveopinions.Anewspaperhasseparatesections:worldnews,nationalandlocalnews,sports,business,entertainment,opinions,comics,classifiedads,etc.Youcanbeabetterreaderifyouknowwhattoexpectinanewspaper.Forexample,whenyoureadanewspaperyouusuallylookquicklyatheadlinesfirst.Newspaperheadlineshavealanguageoftheirownanditisnecessarytolearnaboutit.Pleasereadthefollowingheadlines:MoscowofficialwoundedbygunmenEarthquakerocksTurkeyHusbandtosuewifeBoyoncliffrescuedYoungSudaneserefugeesenduredfamine,separationsfromfamilyFromabovewecanseetwoprominentfeaturesofEnglishnewspaperheadlines:☆Headlinesarealmostalwaysinthepresenttenseandevenfutureeventsareputinthepresenttense。☆Headlinesgenerallyomitunnecessarywords,especiallyarticlesandthe verbtobe.Andisoftenreplacedbyacomma.Newspaperheadlinescanbeclassifiedintoseveraltypes:☆Straightheadlinesgiveyouthemaintopicofthestory.Theyarethemostcommontypeofheadlineandaretheeasiesttounderstand.SnowhaschillingeffectsonSouthClintonoffersBushadvice.☆Headlinesthataskaquestion,reportafuturepossibilityoroffersomedoubtaboutthetruthoraccuracyofthestory.Cantechnologyfixballotwoes?Domarketanalystshavebadaimorbadintentions?☆Headlinesthatcontainaquotationwhichisimportantorwhichshowsthatastatementisnotproven.Mother:Letmybabygo“Wewon’tquit”☆Doubleheadlinesaretwo-partheadlinesforthesamestoryandareoftenusedformajorevents.HowExpressbrokediplomaticsilenceHUSH-UPON“SPY”ENVOYS☆Featureheadlinesareusedforstoriesthatareeitherhighlyunusualoramusing.Headlinesforsuchstoriestrytobeascleveraspossibletocatchthereader"sinterest.Teletubblesmakerseeksfundsforexpansion Deadstudentfellunderthecrushduringclashes《英美报刊选读》辅导二 UnderstandingHeadlineVocabularyEnglishnewspaperheadlinesuseaspecialvocabulary.Aheadlinecontractsalotofinformationintoashortspaceandhenceinheadlinesweoftensee●Shortwordsusedinsteadoflongonese.g.aid=assistbare=exposeorreveal;blast=explodeprobe=investigationwoo=seektowin●Abbreviationssuchasshortnameswhichcanbeusedwhentheyarelikelytobeidentifiedbythereader.Alsoinitialsareusedwheneverpossible.e.g.Close-uponWILL(WILL=WillamShakespeare)Yardsmashairportgang(Yard=ScotlandYard)MPslamshospitaldelay(MP=memberofParliament)●shortenedwordsandslange.g.Weeklymagforstamploverstobelaunched(mag=magazine)Brflyintostormoverplgeonban(Br=Britain)Olivierdenies“blackmail”jibe(jibe=aninsultingattack) Thefollowingisalistofwordswiththeircommonheadlinemeanings.Trytobefamillarwiththesewords.WordCommonheadlinemeaningExamplAccordagreementAccordpossibletodayAirtomakeknownTVairs“facts”onarmsdeliveryAssailtocriticizestronglyRussassailsUSonA-testsAxetodismissfromajobGovernortoaxeaide? BacktosupportAlgeriabacksdecisiontoignoredollarBalktorefusetoacceptUnionbalksatcourtorderBarnottoallowClubfacesshutdownforbarringwomenBidattemptBidtoopenborderofferUnionrejectslatestbidBilktocheatClerkbilkscompanyof$1mBlast(noun)explosion;strongcriticismTankerblastnearManila(verb)criticizestronglyMPblastsdemocratsstrikewithexplosivesblazefireBlazekillsthreecitementionManagementciteslaborunrestfor shutdownclaimtodeclaretobetrueManclaimsghostsightingclaim(claimtokillBombsclaim40thelifeof)clash(noun)battle;disputeMarinediesinclash(verb)disagreestrongly;fightMayorclasheswithcitycouncilcooluninterested;unfriendlyMoscowcooltoaidoffercurblimit;controlSundaydrivingcurbsplanneddeadlockadisagreementthatJurydeadlockinkidnaptrialcannotbesettleddriveastrongwell-plannedeffortCancerdriveexceedsgoalbyagroupforaparticularpurposedueexpectedGreekFMduetodayeyetowatchwithinterestWomen"sgroupseyecourtvoteeasetoreduceorloosenRomeeasesmartiallawevethedaybeforeViolenceoneveofindependencefaulttofindinthewrongStudyfaultspolicefeuddispute;Borderfeuddangertoregionalpeace strongdisagreementflayaccuse;criticizestronglyUSflaysRussiafoeopponent;enemyClintontalkswithcongressionalfoesfoiltopreventfromsucceedingFBIfollsbidtohijackplanetoIrangriptotakeholdofCholerafeargripsJapanguttodestroycompletelybyfireYear"sbiggestfireguts178homesheadofftopreventPresidentheadsoffrailstrikeheisttheftJewelheistfoiledholdkeepinpolicecontrol;7heldforsmugglingarrestinktosignThailand,MalaysiainkseatreatykeyveryimportantGov"t.winskeyvotekickofftobeginFieryspeechkicksoffcampaignlashoutcriticizestrongly;CollegeheadslashoutatNUSaccuselaudtopraisePMlaudscommunityspiritlineposition;demandIsraelsoftenslinelaunchtobeginPolicelaunchanti-drugdrivelinkconnectedtoFunguslinkedtomysterydiseas loomexpectedinthenearTreatydisputeloomingfutureloot(noun)stolenmoneyorgoodsPolicerecoverloot(verb)unlawfultakingawayofRioterslootstoresgoodsvaluablenabtocaptureGangleadernabbednettotakepossessionof;Customschecknetsover$2mcapturenodapprovalMinisterseeksnodforoilsavingplanofficeanimportantgovernmentMinisterquits,tiredofofficepositionoptchoose;decideSwissopttobacktaxforchurchesousttotakepowerawayfromVoters"oustincumbentspactasolemnagreementPeacepacttoday?PleadeeplyfeltrequestMother"splea;LetmeseemybabyastatementincourtindicatingGuiltypleasexpectedguiltorinnocenceGuiltypleasexpectedpledgepromiseIOCpledgessupportpoisedreadyforactionWorkerspoisedtostrike pollelectionOctoberpoll?VotingstationVotersgotothepollsinJapanPostpositioningovernment,UnknowngetskeyCabinetpostBusinessProbeinvestigationGovernorordersfireprobePrompttocauseCourtdecisionpromptspublicangerRagetoburnoutofcontrolForestfirerages]Rap(noun)accusationchargeCorruptionrapunfairsayssenator(verb)criticizeSafetycommissionrapsautocompaniesrocktoshock;tosurpriseGov"t.reportrocksstockmarketroutdefeatcompletelyRebelsrouted,leave70deadrowaquarrelOilpricerowmaybringdowngov"t.ruledecideCourtrulesoutPLOtalkssackdismissfromajobJailchiefsackedsack(fromtosearchthoroughlyandrob14heldforUSembassysacking“ransack”)setdecidedon;readyIMFtalkssetforAprilslaytokillormurder2slaininfamilyrowsnagproblem;difficultyLastminutesnaghitsarmstalks  snubtopaynoattentiontoProtestantssnubUlsterpeacebidsoartoriserapidlyInflationratesoarssparktocause;toleadtoactionFrontierfeudingsparksattackstalemateadisagreementthatcannotbesettledNewbidtobreakhostagestalematestallmakingnoprogressPeaceeffortinLebanonstalledstanceattitude;wayofthinkingNewstancetowardpowercutsstemtopreventorstopRainyseasonstemsrefugeeexitswaytoinfluenceorpersuadePresidentfailstoswayunion-strikesetswindleanunlawfulwayofgettingmoneyStockswindleinNYthwartpreventfrombeingsuccessfulHondurasattackthwartedtiesrelationsVietnamtiessoon?TrimtocutSenatetrimsbudgetTriggertocauseKillingtriggersriotVietocompeteIrishtopranksvieforofficeVoidtodeterminetobeinvalidVotinglawvoidesbycourtVowasolemnpromisePolicechiefvowstocatchkidnappersWeightoconsiderBushweightstaxincrease 《英美报刊选读》辅导三 TheNewspaperLeadThefirstparagraphofanewsstoryiscalledthelead.Italmostalwaysgivesyouthestory"smaintopicandmostimportantfacts.Whenyoureadanewspaperleadsentence,trytofindthesubjectandmainverbandnotehowtherestofthesentenceaddsinformationtothesubjectandmainverb.AnwarSadatAssassinatedatCairoMilitaryReviewCAIRO,October7-EgyptianPresidentAnwarSadat,amodern-daypharaohwhoattemptedtoleadtheArabworldtowardapermanentMideastpeacewithIsreal,wasassassinatedyesterdaybyabandofsoldierswhoattackedamilitaryparadereviewingstandwithautomaticriflesandhandgrenades.Notethatagreatdealofinformationisincludedinasinglesentence.Thewriterhasorganizedthesentencearoundthesubject(EgyptianPresidentAnwarSadat)andmainverb(wasassassinate)verycarefully.Theleadsentenceusuallydoesthefollowing:●Answersquestionssuchas“who?”“what?”“where?”“when?”“result?”●AddsbackgroundtohelpyoubetterunderstandthestoryorStatewherethesourceofthestorycomesfrom. 《英美报刊选读》辅导四ReadtheNewsStory Inmostnewsstoriesthemostimportantfactswillbefoundnearthebeginning-usuallywithinthefirsttwoorthreeparagraphs.Theremainderofthestorywillgivedetailsexplainingandclarifyingthemainpoints,orintroducingnew,butlessimportantinformation.Thefollowingisaformulaforatypicalnewsstory;●ParagraphOneThestory"ssubjectandmostimportantfacts.●ParagraphTwoImportantfactsthatthewriterwasunabletoincludeinthelead;Informationtoclarifythefactsinthelead;Aparticularlyimportantquote.●TherestofthestorySpecificdetailstoanswerreaders"questions;Statementsandopinionsbypeopleinvolvedinthestoryorbyoutsideobservers;Backgroundinformation;New,butlessimportantfacts.Accordingly,whenyoureadanewsstory,youareto:●Readthebeginningofthestoryverycarefullybecauseitcontainsthemostimportantfact.●Trytolookformorefactsthanthosegiveninthelead. ●Ifyoudon"tunderstandsomethingatthebeginningofastory,keepreadingforasecond(andperhapsathird)chancetounderstand. 《英美报刊选读》辅导五ReadingtheFeatureStoryinaNewspaperInmostnewsstoriesthemainpointscomeveryearlyandlessimpotantinformationcomeslater.Thereisanotherkindofstory_thefeaturestorywhichfollowsadifferentformat,thefeatureformat.PopularMagazinesandMagazineArticlesReadingpopularmagazinesisagoodwaytoenlargeourvocabularyandlearnalittlebitaboutmanytopicsinEnglish.ThefollowingisalistofmajormagazinesinBritainandtheUnitedStates.●MagazinesinBritainTheEconomistBritainTodayTheSpectatorContemporaryReviewNewStatesmanLondonMagazineNewScientistObserverReviewTheListenerPunchBritishWeekly●MagazinesintheUnitedStatesTimeUSNews&WorldReportNewsweekReader"sDigest LifeBusinessWeeklyFortuneHarper"sPeopleAmericanReviewTheNewYorkerVeryoftenwereadmagazineswhiletravelingorrelaxinganywhere.Writersofmagazinearticlesdonotexpecttheiraudiencetospendtoomuchtimereadingandtrytomakethemainideasstandoutclearly.Thetaskforthereaderistolocatethesemainideasquickly.Popularmagazinewritersusevariousdevicestocaptureareader"sattention:clevertitles,shortparagraphsandcompoundnounstoeconomizeonwords.Articlesinmagazineoftenhavecharacteristicssimilartothosefoundinnewsstoriesorarticlesfoundinnewspapers.Herearesomefeauturesofmagazinearticles:●Anintroductoryparagraphsummarizethemainidea;●Thedetailsaregivenintherestofthearticles;●Theauthor"sviewofthesubjectisdirectedtoaparticularaudiencebutmayinterestreadersingeneral.《英美报刊选读》辅导六ReadingAdvertisementsMostmagazinesandnewspaperscontainadvertisementsthataredesignedtomakeuswanttheproduct.Advertiserswantustobelievethattheirproductisimportantforagoodlife.Someadvertisementsevenpresentviewpointsontimelysubjects.Likenewspapereditorials.Suchadstrytoinfluencethereader"sopinions. Thelanguageofadvertisingmustbealanguageofimmediateimpactandrapidpersuasion.Nooneislikelytospendmuchtimedecidingwhethertoreadaprintedadvertisementorlistentoaspokenone:Iftheirattentionisnotattractedimmediatelyandheldfirmlyfortheshortamountoftimenecessarytoabsorbwhatisbeingsaid.Thentheadvertisementwillhavemiserably.Sotheadvertisinglanguageusesabasicallysimplegrammaticalstructureandarichlysuggestiveanddescriptivevocabulary.Readthefollowingad.OnlythecreamofthecropfilesOurchefsbuyonlythefreshestandmostexpensiveingredientsforourkitchens.Anywhere.Becausetheybelievethatgoodfoodreallyisthewaytoaperson"sheart.Obviously,therearemanywhowouldagree.Infact,experiencedtravelershaverewardedSwissairwiththegreatestpercentageofrepeatbusiness.Whichisnotsomethingwetakelightly.Becausetravelerswhoflymore,expectmore.Soourchefspreparefivegourmetselectionsforeveryflight.Plusanyoneof15differentspecialmealsonrequest:Hindu,Kosher,Moslem,diabetic,slat-free,vegetarian,dietetic…younameit.OnlythebestwillpleaseSwissairpassengers. Thecreamofthecrop.SwissairhasworldwidedeparturesfromNewYork,Boston,Chicago,MontrealandToronto.CallSwissairofyourtravelexpertSWISSAIR Intheabovead,agreatdealissaidinafewwords.Weseeshortsentences,vividlanguage,andmanyinformal,popularexpressions.Theyappealtoallofthesenses.Whenyoureadanadvertisement,youmay:●Lookforthehiddenmessage;thewayinwhichanadvertiseruseswordsandpicturestoinfluencereadersopinionsandattitudes.●Readbetweenthelinesformeaningsimpliedratherthanclearlystated.●Findthesourceofitsappealtothesenses.'