大学物理实验 (王琰 王代新 龙涛 著) 清华大学出版社 课后答案 9页

'课后答案网您最真诚的朋友www.hackshp.cn网团队竭诚为学生服务，免费提供各门课后答案，不用积分，甚至不用注册，旨在为广大学生提供自主学习的平台！课后答案网：www.hackshp.cn视频教程网：www.efanjy.comPPT课件网：www.ppthouse.com课后答案网www.hackshp.cn 《大学物理实验》习题标准答案1.(1)4位(2)4位(3)1位(4)3位(5)3位(6)5位(7)3位(8)无穷多位2.(1)5x10mm(2)1.37x103mm(3)4x10mm(4)6.0x10-3mm3.(1)l=(2.0±0.1)Km(2)m=(72.3±0.4)Kg(3)v=(1.23±0.02)m/s(4)h=(2.73±00.2)x105Km(5)E=(1.93±0.07)x1011N/m24.(1)91.3(2)1.0000(3)3.9x105(4.0x105)(4)1.00(5)4x103(6)1.00(7)0.8m3(8)1.00x104(100x102)C3.2375.(1)N=A+B−=0.5768+85.07−=84.57(cm)khdaw.com33课后答案网2222⎛σC⎞22⎛0.002⎞σN=σA+σB+⎜⎟=0.0002+0.02+⎜⎟≈0.02(cm)⎝3⎠⎝3⎠N=84.57±0.02(cm)11−3−1σzσV1(2)令z===1.00010(www.hackshp.cn×cm),===0.1%,V1000zV1000−6−11−6−1σz=0.1%×z=×110(cm),=z=(1000±1)×10(cm)Vkhdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益，敬请来信通知我们！℡www.khdaw.com a13.65(3)R=x=×67.084.2()=Ωb10.871222222σR⎛σa⎞⎛σb⎞⎛σx⎞⎛0.02⎞⎛0.005⎞⎛0.8⎞=⎜⎟+⎜⎟+⎜⎟=⎜⎟+⎜⎟+⎜⎟R⎝a⎠⎝b⎠⎝x⎠⎝13.65⎠⎝10.871⎠⎝67⎠222=(0.002+)0.0005(+0.012)(≈0.0121.2%=)σ=1.2%×R=1.0(),ΩR=(841)±ΩRh45.511(4)v===1.3662h−h45.5112.20−122222σ⎛∂v⎞⎛∂v⎞⎛h⎞⎛h⎞v21=⎜σ⎟+⎜σ⎟=⎜σ⎟+⎜σ⎟v⎝∂hh1⎠⎝∂hh2⎠⎝(h−h)2h1⎠⎝(h−h)2h2⎠121212khdaw.com课后答案网22⎛12⎞⎛46⎞46=⎜×0.02⎟+⎜×0.02⎟≈×0.02=0.0008222⎝(4612)−⎠⎝(4612)−⎠(4612)−v=1.36620.0008±(5)x=1821"1,°±′σ=1=0.0003′rad,xwww.hackshp.cn2⎛∂cosx⎞σ=⎜σ⎟=sinxσ=sin1821"0.0003°×rad=0.00009,cosxxx⎝∂x⎠khdaw.comcosx=cos1821"0.949150.00009,°=±有效数字为五位若侵犯了您的版权利益，敬请来信通知我们！℡www.khdaw.com ∂N∂N∂N6.(1)N=x+y−2,z=1,=1,=−2,∂x∂y∂z222⎛∂N⎞⎛∂N⎞⎛∂N⎞222σ=⎜σ⎟+⎜σ⎟+⎜σ⎟=σ+σ+4σNxyzxyz⎝∂x⎠⎝∂y⎠⎝∂z⎠x−y∂N2y∂N2x(2)N=,=,=,22x+y∂x(x+y)∂y(x+y)22⎛∂N⎞⎛∂N⎞22222σ=⎜σ⎟+⎜σ⎟=yσ+xσNxy2xy⎝∂x⎠⎝∂y⎠(x+y)3V1N∂N1N∂NaVaN(3)N=,=,==,==,321+at1+atV∂V1+atV∂t2Vkhdaw.com课后答案网2(1+at)22223222⎛∂N⎞⎛∂N⎞⎛N⎞⎛aN⎞N2⎛aN⎞2σ=⎜σ⎟+⎜σ⎟=⎜σ⎟+⎜σ⎟=σ+⎜⎟σNVtV2tVt⎝∂V⎠⎝∂t⎠⎝V⎠⎝2V⎠V⎝2V⎠222222σπdh⎛∂lnV⎞⎛∂lnV⎞πdh⎛σ⎞⎛σ⎞Vdh(4)σ=V=⎜σ⎟+⎜σ⎟=4⎜⎟+⎜⎟Vwww.hackshp.cndhV4⎝∂d⎠⎝∂h⎠4⎝d⎠⎝h⎠22222⎛∂N⎞⎛∂N⎞⎛∂N⎞⎛∂N⎞⎛∂N⎞(5)σN=⎜σA⎟+⎜σB⎟+⎜σC⎟+⎜khdaw.comσD⎟+⎜σF⎟⎝∂A⎠⎝∂B⎠⎝∂C⎠⎝∂D⎠⎝∂F⎠若侵犯了您的版权利益，敬请来信通知我们！℡www.khdaw.com 2222222222⎡(BC−D)⎤⎡2(BCD−)⎤⎡2(BCD−)⎤⎡2(BC−D)⎤⎛σF⎞=⎢σ⎥+⎢σ⎥+⎢σ⎥+⎢σ⎥+⎜⎟2ABCD⎢⎣A⎥⎦⎣A⎦⎣A⎦⎢⎣A⎥⎦⎝2⎠⎡−⎤2⎧⎧⎡2⎤⎫⎫2(BCD)⎪⎪2⎛D⎞2⎪222⎪⎛σ⎞=⎢⎥⎨⎨(BC−⎢)⎜σ⎟+(2σ⎥)⎬+4D⎡σ+σ⎤⎬+⎜F⎟AAAD⎣BC⎦⎣⎦⎪⎪⎩⎢⎣⎝⎠⎥⎦⎪⎭⎪⎝2⎠⎩⎭7.(1)32.50mm43.25mm(2)45.22mm52.78mm(3)0.500mm0.324mm(4)80.0mA80Vn1142.3142.7++⋯+142.38.R=∑Ri==142.25(),ΩR1−R=142.3142.25−=0.05(),Ωni=110同理:R−R=0.45(),ΩR−R=−0.35(),Ω⋯,R−R=0.05(),Ω23102(khdaw.comR−R)2+2++2∆∑i0.05课后答案网0.45⋯0.05电桥2S===0.102(),Ωu===1.2(),ΩRRnn(−1)10101(−)3322σ=S+u=1.2(),ΩR=R±σ=(1421)±Ω或者:R=(142.31.2)±ΩRRRR22⎛T⎞⎛t⎞∆0.1swww.hackshp.cnT9.l=g⎜⎟=g⎜⎟,σt=σT===0.06,s⎝2π⎠⎝2nπ⎠31.72σl⎛∂lnl⎞2σt2σt2σt20.06×∵=⎜σt⎟==≤1%,∴n≥khdaw.com==6,至少为周期6l⎝∂t⎠tnT1%×T0.012×若侵犯了您的版权利益，敬请来信通知我们！℡www.khdaw.com 2222σ⎛∂lnV⎞⎛∂lnV⎞⎛2σ⎞⎛σ⎞Vdh10.∵=⎜σ⎟+⎜σ⎟=⎜⎟+⎜⎟，dhV⎝∂d⎠⎝∂h⎠⎝d⎠⎝h⎠222∂lnV∂lnV⎛2σd⎞⎛σh⎞1⎛σV⎞12分配不确定度的合理条件是:σd=σh，即：⎜⎟=⎜⎟=⎜⎟≤×(0.5%)∂d∂h⎝d⎠⎝h⎠2⎝V⎠2σσdh有：≤0.18%；≤0.35%，dh∆米0.05∆卡0.002∆千0.0005已知：σ===0.03(cm)；σ===0.0012(cm)；σ===0.0003(cm)；米卡千31.731.731.7σ米0.03σ米0.03而：米尺,==4%;==1%;不满足精度要求。D0.8h3.2σ卡0.002σ卡0.002游标卡尺,==0.15%;==0.04%;满足精度要求。D0.8h3.2khdaw.comσ千0.0003螺旋测微仪，=课后答案网=0.04%;测量范围为—025mm，不能测量。hD0.8所以用游标卡尺即可。(U−U)(+U−U)(+U−U)(+U−U)(+U−U)(+U−U)11.逐差法:R=718293104115126(I−I)(+I−I)(+I−I)(+I−I)(+I−I)(+I−I)718www.hackshp.cn293104115126(5.990.00)(6.981.00)(8.002.01)(9.003.05)−+−+−+−+(9.994.00)(11.005.01)−+−=(12.000.00)(14.002.00)(16.004.00)(18.006.00)(20.008.00)(22.0010.00)−+−+−+−+−+−5.995.985.++995.955.995.99+++35.89khdaw.com===498.5(),Ω所以，U−I函数为：U=498.5I12.0012.0012.0012.0012.0012.00+++++72.00若侵犯了您的版权利益，敬请来信通知我们！℡www.khdaw.com U(V)U-I函数关系图12取两点(0.60,0.34),(21.60,10.84),10.840.34−10.5010a==21.600.60−21.00=0.5000(kΩ=)500.0()Ω直线与原点相交，b=0.00,V8函数关系：U=500.0I6khdaw.com课后答案网42www.hackshp.cn0khdaw.comI(mA)02468101214161820若侵犯了您的版权利益，敬请来信通知我们！℡www.khdaw.com 12.(a)逐差法：(γ−γ)+(γ−γ)+(γ−γ)(69.56−74.22)+(67.9172.75)−+(66.18−71.18)415263a==(a−a)+(a−a)+(a−a)(4010)−+(50−20)+(60−30)415263(4.66)−+−(4.84)+−(5.00)−14.503−1−1===−0.16(10×⋅Nm⋅⋅K)30+30+3090因为：γ=aT−b，所以：γ=aT−b，b=aT−γk174.22+72.75+71.18+69.56+67.9166.18+421.803−1γ=∑γi===70.30(10×⋅Nm⋅)ki=1661k10+20+30+40+50+60210T=∑Ti===35.0(°C)=35.0+273.15=308.2()Kki=1663−1b=aT−γ=−0.16308.2×−70.30=−49−70.30=−119(10×⋅Nm⋅)(b)最小二乘法：γ=aT−b=−(b)+aT，先将的单位由T°C换成：KT=10+273.15=283(),KT=293(),K⋯,T=333()Kkhdaw.com1课后答案网26k1283+293+303+313+323+3331848T=T===308.0()K∑iki=166k174.22+72.75+71.18+69.56+67.9166.18+421.803−1γ=∑γi===70.300(10×⋅Nm⋅)ki=166k22www.hackshp.cn2222212283+293+303+313+323+3335709342T=∑Ti===95155.67(K)ki=1661k28374.22×+29372.75×+⋯+33366.18×129632.7khdaw.com3−1Tγ=∑Tiγi===21605.45(10×⋅Nm⋅⋅K)ki=166若侵犯了您的版权利益，敬请来信通知我们！℡www.khdaw.com 2TT⋅γ−γ⋅T308.021605.67×−70.30095155.67×3−1−=b=2=119.8792=119.88(×10⋅Nm⋅)2−2308.0−95155.67TT3−1b=−119.88(×10⋅Nm⋅)t⋅γ−tγ308.070.300×−21605.673−1−1a===−0.16097=−0.16(10×⋅Nm⋅⋅K)2−2308.02−95155.67tt⎛注：的有效位数取到与aγ对齐，由于T−T=333283−=50(°C)是位有效数字，2γ−γ⎞6161⎜⎟3−1⎝=66.1874.22−=−8.04(10×⋅Nm⋅)是位有效数字,所以取有效位数较少者，即位。3b2⎠khdaw.com课后答案网www.hackshp.cnkhdaw.com若侵犯了您的版权利益，敬请来信通知我们！℡www.khdaw.com'