建筑专业施工工艺策划.doc 28页

'建筑专业施工工艺策划第一章基础工程Chapter1FoundationWorks1、施工工艺控制要点ControlEssentialsforConstructionProcedures本施工工艺主要控制的关键环节：定位放线、模板拆装、预埋件安装、混凝土浇筑、混凝土养护、箱型地下室的渗漏、大体积混凝土的温控措施。Principallycontrolledcriticalpartsoftheconstructionprocedures:position-setting&setting-out,dismantling&installingofformwork,installingofembeddedparts,castingofconcrete,curingofconcrete,seepageofboxbasementandbulk-massconcrete’stemperaturecontrolmeasures.1.1定位控制ControllingofPosition-Fixing测量放线是保证基础结构外形尺寸满足设计要求的前提，一旦出现问题将造成较大事故。为此，在施工过程中应重点控制：Measuring&setting-outisthepremisethatensurestheexternaldimensionsoffoundationstructurestosatisfythedesigningrequirements,sotherewillbeaccidentsifanyproblemsoccur;therefore,closeattentionshouldbepaidtocontrolthisintheprocessofconstruction:1.2模板拆装Dismantling&InstallingofFormwork模板拆装工艺是影响基础截面尺寸、保证基础边角顺直、表面平整的重要因素：Theprocedureofdismantling&installingformworkistheimportantfactorthataffectsfoundationsectionaldimension,andensuresfoundationcornersstraightandsurfacesmooth.ⅰ对拉螺栓对称排列规则ⅱ模板对称排列规则-28- ⅲ模板外侧采用厚度一致的脚手管填塞ⅳ冷却塔环基模板加固图i.Symmetryarrangementforsplitboltsareregular;ii.Symmetryarrangementfortheformworkisregular;iii.Adoptscaffoldingtubesofuniformthicknessforstuffingoutsidetheformwork;iv.Reinforcementpictureofringfoundationforcoolingtower1.3基础混凝土浇筑、养护CastingandCuringofFoundationConcrete-28- 基础表面光滑平整度好smoothnessandgoodplanenessoffoundationsurface1.4箱型地下室结构的防渗漏AntiseepofBoxBasementStructure-28- 混凝土板墙止水凹槽处理treatmentofwater-sealfillisterforconcretesidingwall1.5成品保护FinishedProductProtection基础棱角常常遭到机械碰撞，采用木模板制作包角是目前较为简单可行的方案。Thefoundationedgeanglesalwayssufferformmachinerycollision,andthatadoptingwoodenformworktomakecorneriteiscomparativelysimpleandfeasibleschemeatpresent.基础成品保护到位ingoodconditionoffinishedproductsprotectionforthefoundation2工艺示范图：DemonstrationPicturesofTechnologyi混凝土板墙模板拼缝顺直，螺栓眼成排成线ii大体积混凝土模板拼缝规则，棱角方正无裂纹-28- iii基础保护到位iv基础表面光滑无色差，棱角方正i.Theedgejointsofconcretesidingwallformworkarestraight;boltsholesareinrowsandinlines;ii.Theedgejointsofbulk-massconcreteformworkareregular,andtheedgeangleisupright&foursquareandthereisnocrackle;iii.Thefoundationprotectionisingoodcondition;iv.Thefoundationsurfaceissmoothandthereisnoaberration,andtheedgeangleisuprightandfoursquare.-28- 第二章钢筋混凝土框架、排架结构Chapter2ReinforcedConcreteFrameworkandBentFrameStructure1工艺示范图：DemonstrationPicturesofTechnologyi.广东河源电厂固定端框架柱外观ii.广东河源电厂栈桥框架外观iii.府谷电厂清水混凝土框架结构外观iv.广东河源电厂2#汽机基座外观-28- AppearanceofframecolumnsforfixedendsofHeYuanPowerPlantinGuangdongProvince;ii.AppearanceoftrestleframeworkofHeYuanPowerPlantinGuangdongProvince;iii.AppearanceofplainconcreteframeworkstructureofFuGuPowerPlant;iv.Foundationpierappearanceforunit#2turbineofHeYuanPowerPlantinGuangdongProvince第三章建筑钢结构Chapter3SteelStructureofBuilding1、施工工艺控制要点ControllingEssentialsofConstructionTechnology主要控制的关键环节：原材料矫正、下料后边角的修整打磨、钢桁架起拱、螺栓孔群排列整齐规则、组装焊接过程中变形控制与校正、交叉管材接口放样切割马蹄口后才能焊接。Principallycontrolledcriticalparts:rectificationofrawmaterials,repair&maintenanceandpolishingofcornersafterlaying-off,risingofarchforsteeltruss,arrangementsofboltsholesbeingstraightandregular,deformationcontrollingandrectificationintheprocessofassemblywelding,andnoweldingofcross-overtubesandpipesinterfacesuntilsetting-outandcuttingofhorseshoeorifice.2、工艺示范图：TechnologyDemonstation:ii.钢隔栅脊线对齐平整顺直i.钢隔栅穿管道处增加包边-28- iii.压型钢板底模、钢梁平整顺直iv.钢屋架尺寸准确、防腐美观i.Increasewrappingwheretheconduitpipespassthroughthesteelretainer;ii.Crestlineofthesteelretainerisjustified,smoothandstraight;iii.Briquettingsteelplates’bottomdieandsteelgirderaresmoothandstraight;iv.Steelrooftrussisofaccuratedimensionsandanticorrosive&pleasingtotheeye.-28- 第四章砌筑工程Chapter4MasonryWorks1、施工工艺控制要点ControllingEssentialsofConstructionTechnology砌筑工艺控制的要点是正确的挂线保证垂直度；合理的砌筑方式保证灰缝；构造柱、圈梁、加筋带的正确留设保证砌体整体刚度；门窗洞口的正确留设和封堵。Thecontrollingessentialsformasonrytechnologyarethatrightsetting-outensuresverticality;reasonablemannersofmasonryensuremortarjoints;havethecorrectsettingforcolumns,beamsandreinforcementbeltstoensuretheentirerigidityofmasonry;correctsettingandsealing-upofdoorsandwindows’holes.某工地砌筑挂线工艺setting-outtechnologyofmasonryinsomeconstructionsite2.1根据图纸要求，采用合适的砌砖方式aspertherequirementsofdrawings,adoptappropriatemasonrymanners.2.2严格控制灰缝和砌筑留槎strictlycontrolmortarjointsandreservemasonryraft2.3构造柱、圈梁、过梁、配筋带严格按照图纸设计及规范要求进行施工。Constructcolumns,bondbeam,overbeamandreinforcementbeltsstrictlyinaccordancewiththerequirementsofdrawingsdesignsandspecificationstoimplementtheconstruction.-28- 钢筋混凝土构造柱两侧砖砌体马牙槎留设，加固构造柱留洞用细石混凝土后塞Bricksettingforgingivalcystofmucousglandinthenewborninbothsidesofconstructionalcolumnsforreinforcedconcrete;reinforcetiecolumnsfineconcreteforstuffing加气混凝土砌块灰缝均匀顺直、构造柱留设正确mortarjointsofbuildingblocksforairentrainingconcreteareevenandstraightandtheconstructionalcolumnssettingiscorrect-28- 填充墙到顶斜砌fillerwalluptothetopforslantingbricking2.4墙体孔洞和开槽要正确留设和修补wallholesandslottingshouldbecorrectlysetandrepaired洞口留设规矩，不同界面处加设钢丝网holessettingisregular,andthereshouldbesteelwiremeshfordifferentinterfaces-28- 3工艺示范图片DemonstationofTechnologyi轻质砌块成品ii.蒸压加气混凝土砌块成品i.finishedproductsoflightbuildingblocks;ii.Finishedproductsofbuildingblocksforvaporpressureairentrainingconcrete-28- 第五章抹灰工程Chapter5PlasteringWorks1、施工工艺控制要点ControllingEssentialsofConstructionTechnology抹灰工程工艺控制要点是：砌筑工程是墙体质量的基础，要严格按照规范砌筑；一定要严格抹灰的操作工艺流程：基层的处理湿润、单层抹灰的厚度、每层抹灰间隔时间、面层压抹的时间和遍数、不同季节操作的要点和区别；严格控制抹灰砂浆的配合比与强度，不是强度越高越好；一定要做好辅助措施：加挂钢丝网、涂刷界面剂、增设分隔缝。Technicalessentialsofplasteringworks:masonryworksisthebasisofwallquality,soitisrequestedtoimplementmasonryworksstrictlyasperthespecifications;itisamusttoemphasizethetechnicaloperationproceduresofplastering:treatmenthumidificationofthebasiclevel,thicknessofone-storeyplastering,spacingintervalforeach-tierplastering,timeandtimesofcovercoatpressingandplastering,operationessentialsanddifferencefordifferentseasons;strictlycontrolthemixtureratioandintensityofplasteringmortar,anditisnotbetterthatisofhigherintensity;itisamusttohavegoodassistingmeasures:increasesteelwiremesh,brushsurfactantandaddseparationjoints.2、抹灰工程主要注意事项及施工步骤PrincipalPointsforAttentionandConstructionProceduresforPlasteringWorks2.1砌体工程必须验收合格后，方可开始抹灰bricking-upworkscannotbestartedplasteringuntilobtainingqualifiedacceptance.2.2抹灰原材料要根据图纸要求严格控制plasteringrawmaterialshouldbestrictlycontrolledasperthedrawingsrequirements2.3采取避免空鼓裂缝措施的控制要点Essentialsoftakingmeasurestoavoidhollowingcrevice2.3.1加强基层处理strengthenthetreatmentofthebasiclevel(1)基层清理找平clearingandlevelingofthebasiclevel(2)基层薄弱环节加强strengthenvulnerablesegmentsofthebasiclevel(3)加强砂浆和易性和粘结强度enhanceworkabilityandcohesionalstrengthofmortar2.3.2严格分层抹灰enhancecoursedplastering2.4抹灰必须做灰饼、冲筋，确保墙面平整、阴阳角垂直、方正。Itisamusttoimplementashcake,screedstrip,assuringthewallsurfaceeven&smooth,andtheinternalcornerandtheexternalcornerisverticalandupright&foursquare.2.5墙面抹灰要分格抹灰，防止框架梁柱与墙体交缝开裂wallsurfaceplasteringshouldbein-28- meshdivisiontopreventjointsofframebeam-columnandthewallfromsplitting.2.6墙面防渗水控制要点Essentialsofwaterantiseepageforthewall墙面渗水一般存在以下部位：外墙开裂处、变形缝处、女儿墙与屋面交接处、窗台内低外高向内渗水等generallytherearepositionsforwaterseepageofthewallasfollows:crackpointsofexteriorwall,pointsofmovementjoints,jointpointsofparapetandroofing,waterseepageinwardbecauseoflowinsideandhighoutsideforthewindowsillandsoon.3工艺示范图片DemonstrationPicturesofTechnologyi.内墙墙体体抹灰柱梁分格缝整齐顺直ii.女儿墙粉刷层设置分格缝，既防止粉刷层开裂、起壳，又增加立面美观-28- iii.外墙墙体体抹灰柱梁分格缝整齐顺直i.Meshdivisionjointsofplasteringcolumn-beamforinteriorwallshouldbeevenandstraight;ii.setmeshdivisionjointsforwhitewashingsegmentsofparapet,whichcanpreventcracksandflakeofwhitewashingsegmentsandalsoincreasefaçadepleasingtotheeye;iii.Meshdivisionjointsofplasteringcolumn-beamforoutsidewallshouldbeevenandstraight.第六章门窗安装Chapter6ErectionofDoorsandWindows1施工工艺控制要点EssentialsofConstructionTechnology1.1门窗框安装时应考虑所有门窗沿各层高度方向垂直和沿水平方向水平，控制门窗本身的平面度、垂直度、对角线偏差；Whenerectingdoorsandwindowsframes,itisrequestedtoconsider-28- thatallthedoorsandwindowsareverticalfollowingthedirectionofheightforeachtierandlevelfollowingthedirectionoflevel,andcontroltheplaneness,verticalityanddeviationofdiagonallinesfordoorsandwindowsitself.1.2抹灰前将铝合金门窗用塑料薄膜包扎或粘贴进行保护；在门窗安装前及室外内外湿作业未完成前，不能损坏塑料薄膜，防止砂浆对其表面的侵蚀；门窗的保护膜要封闭完整，再进行安装，安装后及时将门框两侧用木板条捆绑好，以防止碰撞损坏；Beforeplasteringuseplasticmembranetowraporpastethealuminiumalloydoorsandwindowsforprotection;beforeerectingdoorsandwindowsandcompletinginteriorandoutsidemoistingworkoutdoor,donotdamageplasticmembranetoavoidmortarerodingitssurface;protectivemembraneofdoorsandwindowsshouldbeclosedandcomplete,andthenexecutetheerection,andaftererectionpromptlyuselathtotiebothsidesofdoorframestopreventcollisionanddamage;2工艺示范图：DemonstationofTechnologyi.窗洞口尺寸规则,垂直度控制好ii.窗框密封严实美观i.dimensionofwindowsopeningisregularandcontroltheverticality;ii.sealing-upofwindowsframeshouldbecloseandpleasingtotheeye-28- 第七章屋面工程Chapter7RoofingWorks1施工工艺控制要点EssentialsofConstructionTechnology1.1找平层ScreedCoat找平层的厚度和技术要求应符合设计要求，一般应符合规范要求。Thicknessandtechnicalrequirementsofscreedcoatshouldsatisfythedesigningrequirementsandgenerallysatisfytherequirementsofspecifications.1.2保温层施工要点ConstructionEssentialsofthermalinsulatinglayer1)基层清理，应将屋面基层表面的泥土、杂物清理干净，基层应平整、干燥。Asfortheclearingofthebasiclevel,itisrequestedtoclearthesoilandmiscellaneousobjectsofroofingbasiclevelsurface,andthebasiclevelshouldbelevelanddry.2)板状保温层如需留设排气通道与大气连通时，应在做砂浆找平层分格缝排汽道处留设。Iftheplatethermalinsulatingsegmentsrequirehavingexhaustpassagesettingconnectedtotheair,itshouldbedonesettinginthepointsofexhaustpassageofmeshdivisionjointsformortarscreedcoat.1.3卷材防水施工要点EssentialsofCoiledMaterialWaterProofConstructiona)基层表面的浮浆、返碱、尘土、油污以及表面涂层等杂物，并使光滑的混凝土表面变成粗糙面，然后用清水冲洗至中性。Laitance,accumulationofsaltinthesurfacesoil,dust,greasydirtandsurfacecoatingofthebasiclevelsurface;makesmoothconcretesurfacebecomeruggedface,andthenuseclearwatertowashuntilbeingneutral.b)细部节点处理treatmentofdetailingjointsofframework2)天沟、檐沟应设置附加层，天沟、檐沟卷材收头应固定密封。高低跨内排水天沟与立墙交接处，应采取能适应变形的密封处理。Thereshouldbesetextraplyforgutterandshuting,andthecoiledstockendingpointsofgutterandshutingshouldbefixedandsealed-up.Asregardsthejointpointsofgutteranduprightwallofinternaldrainageforhigh-lowstride,itisrequestedtoadoptsealing-uptreatmentthatadjuststodeformation.3)泛水处防水卷材应采用满粘法。泛水收头应根据泛水高度和泛水墙体材料确定其密封形式。Waterproofcoiledstockshouldbeadoptedthemeathodofoveralladhibitingfortheflashingpoints.Theflashingendingpointsshouldbeconfirmedthesealing-upformsaccordingtoflashingheightandflashingwallmaterials.-28- 2.4刚性防水施工要点EssentialsofRigidityWaterProofConstruction(1)分格缝纵横向间距不宜大于3m，应在隔离层干燥后、浇筑细石混凝土层前留设。Spaceofverticalandhorizontaldirectionformeshdivisionjointsisnotpropertobemorethan3m,andshoulddosettingaftertheisolatinglayerisdryandbeforecastingfineconcrete.(2)留设分格缝应采用泡沫塑料板或木条。如采用木条应做成上宽下窄，下口宽20mm，木条高度与防水层厚度相同，木条外应涂刷隔离剂。Themeshdivisionjointssettingshouldbeusedfoamplasticplatesorbattens.Ifusingbattens,theyshouldbemadewideupsideandnarrowdownside,andthedownsideis20mmofwidth,theheightofbattensissamewiththethicknessofwaterprooflayer,andoutsidebattensshouldbepaintedseparant.(3)细石混凝土层浇筑完成后，应在12h内加以覆盖和浇水，养护时间不少于7d。浇水次数应能保持砂浆面层具有足够的湿润状态。Aftercompletingcastingfineconcretesegments,itshouldbecoveredandwateredwithin12h,andthecuringtimeisnotlessthan7d.Thetimesofwateringshouldmakesurethatmortarsurfacehasenoughmoistingstatus.3工艺示范图：DemonstrationofTechnology-28- 卷材防水屋面waterproofroofingofcoiledmaterials刚性防水屋面rigiditywaterproofroofRoofingpipelinesandrestpier;roofingventilationhole;roofingrainingholes;roofingtechnologyforworkingusage-28- 第十章板块楼地面Chapter10BlockBuildingFloor2施工工艺控制要点EssentialsofConstructionTechnology楼地面板材饰面的外观质量问题,已成为影响建筑装修外观审美关注的焦点之一，其质量控制要点有：材料的选择、排版策划、细部处理、成品保护等。Appearancequalityproblemsofovercoatingforbuildingfloorplateshavebeenoneofthefocusesthataffectappreciationofappearanceforbuildingfitment,anditsqualityessentialsareasfollows:selectionofmaterials,plansofmakeup,detailtreatmentandprotectionoffinishedproducts.2.1材料选择控制要点EssentialsofMaterilasSelection石材面砖等板块材料和活动地板的品种、规格和技术性能均应符合现行的相关规范和图纸要求，在正式施工前,应逐块挑选,严把质量关。Variety,specificationandtechnicalcharacteristicsofblocksmaterialssuchasbuildingstonefacebrickandfreeaccessfloorshouldbeinaccordancewithcurrentrelatedspecificationsanddrawingsrequirements;beforeregularconstruction,itisrequestedtochooseonebyonestrictlytocontrolthequality.2.2现场实测、电脑排版SiteActualMeasurementandComputerComposing实测排版是取得装饰效果的最重要环节之一。根据现场实测，绘制出各镶贴部位的准确尺寸图，综合考虑房间实际尺寸、中心线位置、楼地面开口（沟道、盘柜、管道口等）、颜色图案以及与相连通房间、走廊、楼梯处板材拼接等要求，确定板材规格和缝宽，在电脑上反复进行模拟排版设计，绘制最优“排版设计图”。待监理业主书面确认后，按照排版设计图对需切割板材以及异形板材进行加工，保证切割后的边角光滑细腻。所有板材加工完成后，按照排版设计图将板材编号，严格按照编号顺序施工。Actualmeasurementtypesettingisoneofthemostimportantpartstoobtaindecorationeffects.Accordingtositeactualmeasurement,drawtheaccuratedimensionaldrawingofeachinlaid&pastedplace;comprehensivelyconsidertherequirementssuchastheactualdimensionsoftheroom,positionofcenterline,openingofbuildingfloor(groove,panelandpipelineopening),colors&patternsandlinkedrooms,corridorandstairs’platessplicingtoconfirmplatesspecificationsandslitwidth,andthenrepeatedlyimplementtheanalogcomposingdesignonthecomputeranddrawtheoptimizational“typesettingdesigndrawing”.Afterthewrittenconfirmationbysupervisorowners,workforplatesandabnormityplatesrequiredcuttingasperthetypesettingdesigndrawing,assuringthecorneraftercuttingfineandsmooth.Afteralltheplatesarecompleted,asperthetypesettingdesigndrawing,assignnumberstoplates,andimplementconstructioninaccordancewiththenumbers’sequence.-28- 2.3板块铺贴控制ControllingofTilingBlocks基层处理、块材浸水、找中、套方、分格、定位、弹线、布线、铺贴、灌缝、擦缝均需按照现行规范标准控制，基层必须平整、湿润，弹线必须准确顺直，布线必须拉紧，铺贴必须密实平整，灌缝擦缝必须均匀及时。铺贴的板材需前与后、左与右对称、缝线横平竖直、表面平整一致、标高准确，表面清洁。Treatmentofthebasiclevel,blocksimmersion,alignment,setting,meshdivision,locating,snapline,wiring,tiling,jointgroutingandjointbrushingarerequiredtobecontrolledaspercurrentspecificationsandstandards;thebasiclevelmustbelevelingandmoistening,snaplinemustbeaccurateandstraight,wiringmustbetightened,tilingmustbedensifiedandleveling,jointgroutingandjointbrushingmustbeevenandtimely.Tilingplatesarerequiredtokeepthefront&theback,theleft&therightsymmetry,stitchesarelevelingtransverseandstraightverticality,surfaceislevelinganduniform,elevationisaccurateandthesurfaceisclean.-28- 板材浇素水泥pourplaincementforsheetmaterials板材铺贴橡皮锤敲击密实slapcompactedbyrubberhammerforsheetmaterialstiling-28- 顶面定标高，地面定中线fixtheelevationforthetopwhilefixthecenterlinefortheground根据标高和中线安装支架erectbearframeaccordingtotheelevationandcenterline安装托架erectthebracket安装面板erectthefaceplate2.4加强对成品的保护:Enhancetheprotectionoffinishedproducts饰面成品的保护很关键,特别是地面镶贴,故要求坚固、耐磨、光滑、平整、且不得起壳。调整、擦缝的操作人员，要穿软底鞋；踩踏面料时要垫上平整木板。成品的验收要在12小时后进行；镶贴完24小时后才能上人走动。镶贴后的瓷砖要及时进行保护，表面要覆盖橡胶皮带、地板革等材料保护。Theprotectionofovercoatingfinishedproductsisverycritical,especiallythetilingofground,soitisrequestedtobefirm,abrasionproof,smooth,leveling,andnoflakes.Operatorsofadjustmentandbrushingjointsshouldwearsoftshoes;havelevelingboardswhentramplingthefacingmaterials.Theacceptanceoffinishedproductsshouldbeexecutedafter12hours;itisnotpermittedtowalkonuntilcompletingtilingafter24hours.Theceramictileaftertilingshouldbeprotectedpromptly,andthesurfaceshouldbecoveredrubberbeltsandfloorleatherforprotection.2.5排版原则与细部处理要求ComposingPrincipleandDetailTreatmentRequirements2.5.1块材楼地面BlocksBuildingFloor(1)排版方案应-28- 不少于两种，以排列美观和减少损耗为目的，并且重点检查房间的几何尺寸是否整齐。Thereshouldbenotlessthantwonos.composingplanswiththepurposeofgoodarrangementandreducingloss,andemphaticallycheckwhetherthedimensionoftheroomisregularornot.(2)在结构施工前能确定面砖规格，排砖设计出现非整块砖时，可建议适当变更墙体位置或门窗洞口位置及尺寸。Beforeconstructingthestructureconfirmsthespecificationsoffacebricks,whenthereisnon-inblockbricksduringdesigningbricksarrangement,itisrequiredtosuggestchangingthewallpositionproperlyordoors&windowsopeningpositionanddimensions.(3)面砖预排时，应尽量避免出现非整块现象，应已开门进入室内所能看到的为准，尽量保证整砖。如确实无法避免时，应将非整块的面砖排在较隐蔽的阴角部位。非整砖宽度不宜小于整砖的三分之一。Whenpre-arrangingfacesbricks,itisrequestedtoavoidtheconditionsofcomingaboutnon-inblockbricks;itisbasedonwhatisseenwhenenteringtheroom,assuringinblockbricks.Ifcannotavoidindeed,itisrequestedtoarrangenon-inblockfacebricksinthehiddeninternalcorner.Thewidthofnon-inblockbricksisnotpropertobelessthanonethirdoftheinblockbrick.(4)排版时，注意每边不宜有两列非整砖，如果地面确实出现无法避免的小于1/2块的小条砖时，应将一块小条砖加一块整砖的尺寸平均后切成两块大于1/2的非整砖排列在两边的阴阳角部位，并且位置要对称。Whenarranging,pleasenotethatthereshouldnotbetwolinesofnon-inblockbricksineachside;ifthereisavoidlesslessthan1/2subclausebrick,itisrequestedtoaddthedimensionofonesubclausebrickandoneinblockbrick,thenaverageit,andthencutthemintotwomorethan1/2non-inblockbricksandarrangeintheinternalcornerandexternalcornerintwosides,andmoreover,thepositionshouldbesymmetrical.(5)地砖要坡向地漏处,地面地漏位置应放置在一整块地砖中央或拼缝十字线上，地砖拼缝应在整块地砖的对角线上。施工时将板材四角切开，中间圆弧与地漏相吻合，集中向地漏内排水。也可在地漏与板材间采取过渡性材料，但要保证地漏居中。这需要在安装排水管时就要遵循楼地面块材面层排版图安装。Groundtileshouldbelaidinthefloordrain,andthepositionoffloordrainshouldbeplacedinthecenterofoneinblockgroundtileorcrosscurveofedgejoint,andtheedgejointofgroundtileshouldbeinthediagonallineoftheinblockgroundtile.Whenconstructing,cutthefourcornersofsheetmaterials,andthecentralarcshouldmatchwiththefloordrain,centralizedlydraintothefloordrain.Itisalsoadoptedtransitionalmaterialsbetweenthefloordrainandsheetmaterials,butitisrequestedtoassurethefloordraininthecenter.Itisrequestedtoerectinaccordancewithcomposingdrawingofbuildingfloorplateswhenerectingdrainpipes.(6)地面尽量通缝,如模数不足可加进一些彩砖装饰带。Thegroundshouldhavejoints;ifthe-28- modulusisnotsufficient,someencausticbrickcummerbundcanbeadded.(7)若房间内外的铺地材料不同，其交接线应设在门板下的中间位置。同时，地面铺贴的收边位置不应在门口处，也就是说不要使门口处出现不完整的瓷砖块。Ifthegroundingmaterialsinsideandoutsidetheroomaredifferent,theconjoininglinesshouldbesetinthecentralpositionunderthedoorplank.Meanwhile,theendingpositionofgroundtilingshouldnotinthedoorway,whichmeansthatdon’tletthereisincompleteporcelainbricksinthedoorway.(8)房间与走道的砖缝原则上要求对齐，走道中间可排非整砖，如为一块非整砖应排在走道中，如为两块非整砖应排在走道边。Inprinciple,thebrickjointsofroomsandpavementsshouldbeeven,themiddleofthepassagewaycanbearrangedincompletebricks;ifthereisoneincompletebrick,itshouldbeplacedinthepassageway,iftwo,placedinthesideofpassageway.(9)踢脚线阴阳角均须做成45度割边，不允许对接，踢脚线块料的长度应与地面面砖的尺寸一致，踢脚线的砖缝与地面的砖缝要对缝。阴阳角处尽量不出现小于1/2砖长的砖。Internalcornerandexternalcornerofskirtingboardare45°cuttingsides,andabuttingjointsarenotallowed;lengthofskirtingboardlumpmaterialsshouldmatchwiththedimensionofgrondfacebricks,andbrickjointsofskirtingboardshouldmatchwiththatoftheground.Thereshouldnotbebricksoflessthan1/2bricklengthintheplaceofinternalcornerandexternalcorner.(10)楼梯踏步镶贴时，一般要铺贴挡水沿，楼梯踏步范围内踢脚应裁成直角梯形，直角边长与踏步同宽，作竖缝，不作斜缝。Whentilingstairssteps,generallytilewaterholdingedge,andtheskirtingwithintherangeofstairsstepsshouldbetrimmedrightangletrapezoid,andtherightanglelengthofsideisthesamewidthwithsteps,perpendsnotslantingjointsshouldbeimplemented.(11)厕所蹲坑蹲台应以蹲坑中线向两边分，坑边设两条缝，从坑边向外排整砖，非整砖排在隔断板处。Squattingpitandstandofthetoiletshouldbeseparatedfromthecentrallineofsquattingpittobothsides,therearesettwojointsinthepitside,arrangecompletebricksfromthesideofthepitoutside,andincompletebricksareplacedintheplaceofpartitionpanel.(12)地面板材施工时，还需考虑门的位置及墙面、吊顶的图案与分格，尽量选用同规格的装饰材料。当地面与墙面、吊顶材料规格相同时，地面的分格与墙面、吊顶的分格必须要相呼应,做到“天地墙一条线”。规格不同时，也要做到对称布置、缝格排列有序、美观大方。Whenconstructinggroundsheetmaterials,itshouldalsobeconsideredthepositionofdoors,wallsurface,ceilingpatternandmeshdivision,andselectionofdecorationmaterialsofsamespecificationsisrecommended.Whenthespecificationsoftheground&wallsurfaceandtheceilingmaterialsaresame,meshdivisionofthegroundmustbeinaccordancewiththatofwallsurfaceandtheceiling,achievingtheconditionsof“ceiling,groundandwallareinoneline”.Whenthespecifications-28- aredifferent,itisrequestedtomakesymmetryarrangement,jointsmeshingoodorderandpleasingtotheeye.(13)当楼地面有沟道时，排版时，按照整块板材尺寸浇筑沟道盖板，盖板上铺贴瓷砖，盖板边缝与其他块材缝对齐。Whenthereistrenchforbuildingground,whencomposing,pourthetrenchcoverplateaccordingtothedimensionofcompletesheetmaterials,andthecoverplateshouldbelaidporcelainbricks,andtheedgejointsshouldmatchotherblocksjoints.(14)一般先由房间中部的纵、横中心线向两侧采取退步法铺砌。凡有柱子的大厅，宜先铺贴柱子和柱子中间部分，然后向两边展开，从里向外逐行挂线铺贴。分格、定位时，应距墙边留出200~300mm作为调整区间。Generally,adoptregressmethodsforpavingfromthecentrallineoftransverseandverticalityinthemiddleoftheroomtobothsides.Forthehallhavingcolumns,itisrequestedtotilethecentralpartsbetweencolumns,andthenextendedtobothsides,set-outandpavelinebylinefrominsidetooutside.Asformeshdivisionandlocating,leave200-300mmawayfromthesideofthewallastheadjustmentspace.2.5.2抗静电活动地板：AntistaticFreeAccessFloor(1)如室内无控制柜等设备，平面尺寸又符合板块模数时，宜由内向外铺设。Ifthereisnoequipmentindoorsuchascontrolcabinet,andtheplanedimensionfitsplatesmodulus,itisrequestedtopavefrominsidetooutside.(2)如室内平面尺寸不符合板块模数时，应把室内两个方向平面中心线找出来。看两面尺寸相差多少，若相差不明显宜由外向内铺设；如相差较大时，宜进行对称对格，幅度内向外铺设。Ifplanedimensionindoordoesnotfitplatemodulus,itisrequestedtofindoutplanecentrallinesintwodirectionsindoor.Checkhowmuchthedimensionoftwosidesdiffer,ifdifferingnotobviously,itisbettertopavefromoutsidetoinside;ifdifferingmuch,itisbettertodosymmetryandotherrelatedwork,andpavedoutwardswithintherange.(3)如室内有控制柜等设备要留洞口时，其铺设方向和先后顺序应综合考虑选定。Ifthereisequipmentsuchascontrolcabinetindoorrequiredreservingopening,itspavementdirectionandsequenceshouldbeselectedaftercomprehensiveconsideration.(4)要严格控制好楼地面面层标高，尤其是房间与门口、走道和不同颜色、不同材料之间交接处的标高能交圈对口。Strictlycontrolsurfacecourseelevationofbuildingground,especiallythatoftheroomandthedoor,passagewayanddifferentcolourandmaterialsmatchingeachother.3工艺示范图片DemonstationofTechnology-28- i室内地砖对称铺贴，非整砖对称留在走道两侧ii墙面砖与地面砖对缝合理，地漏居中iii制成带有排水坡度园套，形成整体地漏居中iv邹县四期运转层楼面瓷砖平整并按与地砖相同的材料拼缝统一顺直v新乡工地楼梯踏步面砖镶贴规范、对称vi地面砖缝格与墙板缝格、吊顶缝格滴水线顺直相呼应，天地墙一线-28- vii安装完毕的抗静电活动地板整齐美观，与天棚吊顶对缝i.Groundbricksindoorshouldbesymmetricallylaid,andincompletebricksareleftsymmetricallyinbothsidesofthepassageway;ii.Groundbricksandwallsurfacebricksarejoints-matchingreasonably,andthefloordrainisplacedinthemiddle;iii.Makecirclecaseofdraindegreeofslope,thefloordrainisinthemiddleinintergralityandthematerialsaresamewiththatofgrondbricks;iv.FloorceramictileisevenandedgejointsaresmoothanduniformfortheoperationsegmentinZouXianPowerPlantoftheFourthStage;v.TilingofthestepsforXinXiangPowerPlantisspecifiedandsymmetrical;vi.Groundbricksjoints,walljointsandceilingjointsandweepinglinesarestraight,andceilng,groundandwallareinoneline;vii.Antistaticfreeaccessflooraftererectionisevenandpleasingtotheeye,andhasmatchingjointswiththeceiling.-28-'