2003-2015全国职称英语等级考试卫生类A级历年真题及答案.doc 126页

'2015年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.DifferenthypothesishavebeenputforwardtoexplainwhyUFOsexist.A.sentenceB.commentsC.conclusionsD.Theories2.Sheisalovelygraciouswoman.A.courteousB.curiousC.quietD.shy3.Shehuggedmelikeanoldfriendandinvitedmetodinnerthenextday.A.embracedB.heldC.kissedD.patted4.Itwasunfortunatethatshehaderasedthemessage.A.heardofB.lookedofC.spokenofD.rubbedout5.Henevergrumbledaboutworkingovertime.A.talkedB.wroteC.spokeD.complained6.Tostartwith,weneedtodecidewhowillpresideoverthemeeting.A.chairB.attendC.celebrateD.prepare7.Imustapologizeformyoutrageousbehavior.A.courageousB.greedyC.angryD.glorious8.Ithinkshemadeablunderbyannouncingitaheadoftime.A.decisionB.mistakeC.promiseD.plan9.Hecamebackhome，wearyandfatigued.A.scaredB.worriedC.exhaustedD.frightened10.Ihavetoapologizeformyabruptdepartureyesterday.A.lateB.unfriendlyC.suddenlyD.unfold11.HewasobsessedwithAmericanhorrormovies.A.keptthinkingaboutB.tookadvantageofC.paidnoattentiontoD.carednothingabout12.Youaccusationiswhollywithoutfoundation.A.almostB.probablyC.cpmpletelyD.evidently13.Myroomisreallyverycosy..A.coolB.comfortableC.coldD.clean14.Someastronomercontendthattheuniversemaybeyoungerthanpreviouslybelieved.A.predictB.argueC.thinkD.suggest15.Thewomanlivingnextdoorisextremelyslender.A.tallB.weakC.slimD.pale第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。One-thirdofparentslackfactsaboutchilddevelopmentOne-thirdofparentsofbabieshaveasurprisinglylowknowledgeofchilddevelopment,includingbasicconceptsaboutwhattheirchildrenshouldknoworhowtheyshouldact,anewstudyfinds．125 Forinstance,thestudyfoundthatmanyparentsdon"tknowthat1-year-oldscan"ttellthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong,andoftendon"tcooperateorsharewhenplayingwithotherchildren．Theresultsaresurprisingbecausetheparentswhotookpartinthesurveyhadyoungchildren,saidleadauthorDr．HeatherParadis,apediatricfellowattheUniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter,inNewYork．"Theywerewatchingorhadjustwatchedtheirkidsgothroughthisdevelopment,andtheywereprobablythemostknowledgeableofanybody．"Paradisandhercolleaguesexaminedtheresultsofasurveyofparents--98．6percentofwhomweremothers--ofmorethan10,0009-month-oldbabies．Aspartofthesurvey,theparentswereasked11questionsdesignedtotesttheirknowledgeofababy"sdevelopment．Theresearchersalsoexaminedwhattheparentssaidabouttheirinteractionswiththeirchildren,andwatchedvideotapesofhowtheparentstaughtnewthingstotheirkids．One-thirdofthosesurveyedincorrectlyansweredfourormoreofthequestions．Evenwhentheresearchersadjustedthestatisticstoaccountforsuchfactorsaseducationlevelsandincome,thoseparentswerestilllesslikelytoenjoy"healthyinteractions"withtheirchildren．Alackofproperunderstandingofachild"sdevelopmentcancauseassortedproblems,Paradissaid．Forexample,shesaid,amothermightexpectan18-month-oldchildtositstillforadoctor"sappointment,eventhoughchildrenthatagearenormallycuriousandliketowanderaround．"Amomcouldmisinterpretachild"snormalcuriosityasintentionallybeingdefiant,andcouldrespondwithharshdiscipline,withdrawalofaffectionandrepetitionofthatpatternovertime,"Paradissaid．"Thatcouldhinderthechild"spotentialforfullgrowthanddevelopment．"ThefindingsweretobepresentedSundayatthePediatricAcademicSocieties"meetinginHonolulu．Onesolution,Paradissaid,isforpediatricianstotakeamoreactiveroleineducatingnewparents．"Byimprovingknowledgeofchilddevelopmentamongallparents,notjustthosewhoareathighestrisk,there"sanopportunitytoenhanceparent-childinteraction,"shesaid．"Itcanultimatelyleadtobetterparenting．"16.Amajorityofparentsofbabiesknowlittleaboutchilddevelopment．A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned17.Babiesofoneyearoldhavenosenseofrightorwrong．A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned18.Theparentssurveyedwereasked11questionsonchilddevelopment．A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned19.MostAmericanfamiliesarenuclearratherthanextendedones．A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned20.Mostmotherswithyoungchildrenprefertostayathome.A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned21.Childrenofoneandahalfyearsoldliketositstill．A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned22.Parent-childinteractioncaninnowaybeimproved．A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题，每题1分，共8分)　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。EbolaOutbreak125 1.YouarelikelyawarethatseveralcountriesinWestAfricaarebattinganEbolaOutbreak.Ebolaisadangerousandoftenlethalviralinfection.Scientistsbelievethathumanscontractedthevirusbyeatingthemeatofrareanimals.Itisnowbelievedthatbatsaretheprimarycarriersofthevirus.2.Todate,thereareonlythreemajorcountriesinWestAfricaexperiencingamajoroutbreak:SierraLeone,LiberiaandGuinea.However,othercountriessuchasNigeriahavereportedconfirmedcasesofEbolawithintheirborders.3.UnlessyourecentlyvisitedoneofthethreeaffectedWestcountries,yourriskofcontractingthevirusisvirtuallyzero.UnlikeotherrecentairbornevirusoutbreakslikeSARS,theEbolaviruscanonlybespreadthroughdirectcontactwithaninfectedperson.Specifically,Ebolaisspreadthroughcontactwithbodyfluids.Though,thevirusistransmittable,onlyaninfectedpersonexhibitingsymptomsiscommunicable.4.ThesignsandsymptomsofEbolaarenon-specificandpatientstypicallyexhibitthemafteraweekofcontractingthevirus.Symptomsmayappearasearlyastwodaysoraslateasthreeweeksafterinitialinfection.Symptomsincludedisgust,weaknessandstomachpain.Moreuncommonsymptomsincludechestpain,bleedingandsorethroat.5.Ebolaisdevastatingbecauseofitsabilitytoattackandreplicateineveryorganofthebody.Thiscausesanoverstimulationofthebody"sinflammatoryresponse,causingtheflu-likesymptoms.Thevirusalsocausesbleedingandimpairsthebody"snormalclottingmechanism（凝血机制），makingbleedingevenmoresevere.Lossofbloodvolumeanddecreasedorganperfusion（器官灌注），ultimatelyleadtoorganfailureanddeath.6.Thecurrentoutbreakisthedeadliestviraloutbreakinover35years.Whilediseasessuchasthemalaria（疟疾）arefarmorecommunicable,Ebolaisoneoftheworld"smostfatalviralinfections.Ebola"sfatalityrateexceedsthatofSARS.A.AmIatriskofcontractingthevirus?B.Isthecurrentoutbreakthedeadlines?C.HowdoIknowifIhavecontractedthevirus?D.Whatareasarecurrentlyaffected?E.WhatexactlydoesEboladotothebody?F.WhatcausedtheEbolaoutbreak?23paragraph2_______24paragraph3_______25paragraph4_______26paragraph5_______27TheinitialEbolaoutbreakwasfoundin_______.28ThedifferencebetweenSARSandEbolavirusesliesin_______.29Thesymptomsofthepatientsafterbeinginfectedmayfirstappear_______30TheEbolavirustransmitsbycontactwith_______.A.infectedbodyfluidsB.againsttheoutbreakseverityC.themodeoftransmissionD.theinitialdaysofbeinginfectedE.threecountriesinWestAfricaF.withinawiderangeofdays第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇EarBreakthrough125 NewresearchpublishedinthejournalCurrentBiologyhasaddedsignificantlytounderstandingofhowtheearworks,givinghopetomillionsofdeafandhardofhearingpeople．Thelatestresearch,conductedbyDr．JorgT．Albet,aDeafnessResearchUKresearchfellowattheUCLEarInstitute,togetherwithscientistsattheUniversityofCologne,showsthatfruitflieshaveearswhichmechanicallyamplifysoundsignalsinaremarkablysimilarwaytothesensory（感觉的）cellsfoundintheinnerearofvertebrates（脊椎动物）includinghumans．Thefindingmeansthatthewealthofgenetictechniquesalreadyavailabletostudythefruitflycannowbeusedtotargethowtheearworks．Dr．Albertsays．"Thebiophysicalparallelsbetweenthewaysbothfruitfliesandhumansconvertsoundintonervesignalsaretrulyamazing．Wemaybeallowedtohopethatthesemechanistic（机械学的）similaritiesextendfurtherdowntothegenesandmoleculesthatbringabouthearing．Butevenifitfinallyshouldturnoutthathearinginfruitfliesreliesondifferentmoleculesthandoeshearinginhumans,thelittlefruitflycanhelpusfindanswerstosomekeyquestionsofhearingresearchand–whatissometimesevenmoreimportant-willsurelyhelpusasktherightquestions．"TheworkiswelcomedbyDeafnessResearchUK,thecountry’sonlymedicalresearchcharityfordeafpeople．VivienneMichael,chiefexecutiveofDeafnessResearchUK．says,"Thisisanimportantadvancethatpavesthewaytowardaclearunderstandingofthegeneticsofdeafness．Thecharitywillcontinuetosupportculling-edge（尖端的）researchthroughitsFellowshipprogrammeattheUCI．EarinstituteandatothertopresearchcentresintheUKtoachieveourgoalofsecuringaudicalimprovementsintheprevention,diagnosisandtreatmentofallformsofhearingimpairment"ThereareninemilliondeafandhardofhearingpeopleintheUKandinmostcasesdeafnessresultsfromlossofsensorycellsintheinnerearknownas"hair",cells．Thecellscanbeimagesandlostthroughageing,noise,geneticdefectsandcertaindrugsand,becausethecellsdon’tregenerate,theresultisprogressive-andirreversible-hearingloss．Damagetothesecellscanalsoleadtotinnitus（耳鸣）,whichaffectsaroundfivemillionpeopleintheUK.31.Apersonwhoishardofhearingis_____.A.notabletohearproperlyB.totallydeafformbirthC.unwillingtolistentoothersD.ignorantofhowtheearworks32.Quiteanumberofgenetictechniqueshavebeenused_____.A.totargethowtheearworksB.tostudythefruitflyC.tostimulatesensorycellsD.toamplifysoundsignals33.Fruitfilesandhumanssharesimilaritiesinhowthey_____.A.askandanswerquestionsB.passontheirgenesC.reproduceD.convertsoundintonervesignals34.VivienneMichaelfromDeafnessResearchUKhighlyappreciates_____.A.thegeneticsofdeafnessB.thecharity’sFellowshipprogrammeC.improvementsintreatinghearingimpairment125 D.thelatestresearchconductedbyDr.Albert．35.Hearinglosscausedbydamagetothesensorycells_____.A.canaffectfivemillionpeopleintheUKB.canbeprogressivelyrepairedC.cannotbecuredD.cannotleadtotinnitus第二篇YoungAdultsWhoExerciseGetHigherIQScoresYoungadultswhoarefithaveahigherIQandaremorelikelytogoontouniversity,revealsamajornewstudycarriedoutattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital.TheresultswererecentlypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences(PNAS).Thestudyinvolved1.2millionSwedishmendoingmilitaryservicewhowerebornbetween1950and1976.TheresearchgroupanalyzedtheresultsofbothphysicalandIQteststheyoungsterstookrightaftertheystartedservingthearmy.ThestudyshowsaclearlinkbetweengoodphysicalfitnessandbetterresultsfortheIQtest.Thestrongestlinksareforlogicalthinkingandverbalcomprehension.ButitisonlyfitnessthatplaysaroleintheresultsfortheIQtest,andnotstrength.“Beingfitmeansthatyoualsohavegoodheartandlungcapacityandthatyourbraingetsplentyofoxygen,”saysMichaelNilsson,professorattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandchiefphysicianattheSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital.“Thismaybeoneofthereasonswhywecanseeaclearlinkwithfitness,butnotwithmuscularstrength.Wearealsoseeingthattherearegrowthfactorsthatareimportant.”Byanalyzingdatafortwins,theresearchershavebeenabletodeterminethatitisprimarilyenvironmentalfactorsandnotgenesthatexplainthelinkbetweenfitnessandhigherIQ.“Wehavealsoshownthatthoseyoungsterswhoimprovetheirphysicalfitnessbetweentheagesof15and18increasetheircognitiveperformance,”saysMariaAberg,researcherattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandphysicianatAbyhealthcentre.“Thisbeingthecase,physicaleducationisasubjectthathasanimportantplaceinschools,andisanabsolutemustifwewanttodowellinmathsandothertheoreticalsubjects.”Theresearchershavealsocomparedtheresultsfromfitnesstestsduringnationalservicewiththesocio-economicstatusofthemenlaterinlife.Thosewhowerefitat18weremorelikelytogointohighereducation,andmanysecuredmorequalifiedjobs.36.Theresearchersinthisstudycomefrom_______.A.AbyhealthcentreB.theSwedisharmyC.theNationalAcademyofSciencesD.aSwedishuniversityanditsaffiliatedhospital37.Whichofthefollowingisanimplicationofphysicalfitness?A.Brainsize.B.GoodlungcapacityC.ClearlogicalthinkingD.Muscularstrength38.Byenhancingphysicalfitness,onecouldimprovesthefollowingEXCEPT_______.A.cognitiveperformanceB.heartcapacity125 C.verbalcomprehensionD.emotionalbehavior39.ThestudyfindingincludethefollowingEXCEPTthat_______.A.growthfactorsaresignificantforaperson"sIQ.B.youngadultswhoarefitgethigherscoresinIQtests.C.youngsterswhoarefitwillmorelikelygetcollegeeducation.D.youngpeoplewhoaremuscularandstronghaveahigherIQ.40.Theword"secured"inthelastparagraphisclosesinmeaningto_______.A.insuredB.assuredC.obtainedD.studied第三篇SocialAnxietyDisorderSocialanxietydisorderpreventssome15millionAmericansfromleadingnormalsocialandromanticlives,anewsurveyfinds.Thedisorderleavesmanyisolated,ashamedandoftenmisdiagnosed.Thirty-sixpercentofthosewithsocialanxietydisorderhavesymptomsfor10yearsormorebeforeseekinghelp,theAnxietyDisordersAssociationofAmericareports."Socialanxietydisorderiswhensomebodyhasanintense,persistentandirrationalfearofsocialorperformancesituations,"JerilynRoss,theassociation"spresidentandCEO,saidduringateleconferenceWednesday."Theconditioncausespeopletoavoidcommon,everydaysituationsandevenotherpeopleforfearofbeingjudgedorcriticizedorhumiliatedorembarrassingthemselves,"Rosssaid.Socialanxietydisordercaninterferewithdailyroutinesandjobperformance，Rossnoted."Italsomakesitverydifficultforpeopletodevelopfriendsandromanticpartnerships，"shesaid.Peoplewiththisdisorderrecognizetheirfearisexcessiveandirrational,Rosenoted.“Buttheyfeelpowerlesstodoanythingaboutit,"shesaid.Socialanxietydisordercanstartintheearlyteens,Dr.MarkH.Pollack,directoroftheCenterforAnxietyandTraumaticStressDisordersandaprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,saidduringtheteleconference."Thisisadisorderthatstartsaffectingpeopleearlyon1，"Pollacksaid."Thetypicalageofonsetisearlyadolescence,age12or13，andmanyindividualsreportahistoryofanxietydatingbackto2earlierchildhood."Thedisorderalsohasphysicalsymptoms，includingheartpalpitations，feelingsthattheirthroatwillcloseup3，sweating,blushing,faintness,tremblingandstammering,Rosssaid.Amongpeoplewiththedisorder,75percentsaidtheconditionaffectedtheirabilitytodonormalactivities.Inaddition,69percentsaidtheydidn"twantpeopletothinktheywerecrazy,and58percentsaidtheywereembarrassedbytheircondition，Rosssaid.However,whentheconditionisdiagnosedandtreated,manyreportedimprovementintheirlives.Infact,59percentwhowerereceivingtreatmentsaidtreatmenthadapositiveeffectontheirabilitytohavearomanticrelationship.Inaddition,39percentwhohadreceivedtreatmentsaidknowingthattreatmentcanbesuccessfulaidedtheirdecisiontogethelp,Rossnoted.41.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueofthepeoplewithsocialanxietydisorder?125 A.Theyfinddifficulttomakefriends.B.Theytendtojudgeorcriticizeotherpeople.C.Theyareoftenisolatedandashamed.D.Theyfrequentlyfailtogettimelytreatment.42.Peoplewiththedisorderthinkthattheirfearis________.A.justifiedB.beneficialC.beyondcontrolD.controllable43.Usuallythedisorderstartstoaffectpeoplewhen________.A.theyfallinloveB.theybegintoworkC.theygetintheirearlyD.theyareintheirearlyteens44.AllthefollowingarelikelysymptomsofthedisorderEXCEPT________.A.heartpalpitations.B.sweating.C.sorethroat.D.blushing.45.Thelastparagraphindicatesthattreatmentofthedisorder________.A.hasnopositiveonthoseaffected.B.wasunavailabletothoseaffected.C.wasoftenrejectedbuildingthoseaffected.D.couldimprovethelifeofthoseaffected.第5部分：补全短文(第46—50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，已恢复文章原貌。第6部分：完形填空(第51—65题，每题1分，共15分)下面短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容，为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。第1部分词汇选项答案1.D2.A3.A4.D5.D6.A7.C8.B9.C10.C11.A12.C13.B14.B15.C第2部分：阅读判断答案16.B17.A18.A19.C20.C21.B22.B125 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子答案23.D24.A25.C26.E27.E28.C29.F30.A第4部分：阅读理解答案31.A32.A33.D34.D35.C36.D37.B38.D39.D40.C41.B42.C43.D44.C45.D、　(注：以下答案均属于网友版，仅供参考!)　　卫生类A级　11　　1b2c3c4b5b6c7d8a9c10b11d12d13b14d15c　　16a17b18a19b20c21a22b　　23e24b25a26d27f28e29a30c　　31c32dq10099831733b34d35a36a37a38c39a40c41c42b43a44b45c　　46c47b48e49d50a　　51c52a53b54b55b56a57a58d59b60d61d62a63a64c65d　　2015年职称英语卫生类C级考试答案(代码12)，下面的答案都是网友提供的，仅供参考!　　1—15　　DAADD　　ACBCC　　ACBBC　　16—22　　AAACCCB　　23—30　　CBDA　　ADBE　　31-45　　DADCD　　DBDDB　　BDDCD　　46-50　　DCAEF　　51—65　　DACDB　　AACBB　　BAABA125 　　2015年职称英语卫生类A级考试答案(代码13)，下面的答案都是网友提供的，仅供参考!　　1-15BBDDCBDADDCAAAB　　16-22AAACCBB　　23-30EBCFFCDB　　31-45BDCBADCADCDABAB　　46-50FEBDA　　51-65AABDCDDCDDCDDBC125 2015年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.DifferenthypothesishavebeenputforwardtoexplainwhyUFOsexist.A.sentenceB.commentsC.conclusionsD.Theories2.Sheisalovelygraciouswoman.A.courteousB.curiousC.quietD.shy3.Shehuggedmelikeanoldfriendandinvitedmetodinnerthenextday.A.embracedB.heldC.kissedD.patted4.Itwasunfortunatethatshehaderasedthemessage.A.heardofB.lookedofC.spokenofD.rubbedout5.Henevergrumbledaboutworkingovertime.A.talkedB.wroteC.spokeD.complained6.Tostartwith,weneedtodecidewhowillpresideoverthemeeting.A.chairB.attendC.celebrateD.prepare7.Imustapologizeformyoutrageousbehavior.A.courageousB.greedyC.angryD.glorious8.Ithinkshemadeablunderbyannouncingitaheadoftime.A.decisionB.mistakeC.promiseD.plan9.Hecamebackhome，wearyandfatigued.A.scaredB.worriedC.exhaustedD.frightened10.Ihavetoapologizeformyabruptdepartureyesterday.A.lateB.unfriendlyC.suddenlyD.unfold11.HewasobsessedwithAmericanhorrormovies.A.keptthinkingaboutB.tookadvantageofC.paidnoattentiontoD.carednothingabout12.Youaccusationiswhollywithoutfoundation.A.almostB.probablyC.cpmpletelyD.evidently13.Myroomisreallyverycosy..A.coolB.comfortableC.coldD.clean14.Someastronomercontendthattheuniversemaybeyoungerthanpreviouslybelieved.A.predictB.argueC.thinkD.suggest15.Thewomanlivingnextdoorisextremelyslender.A.tallB.weakC.slimD.pale第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。One-thirdofparentslackfactsaboutchilddevelopmentOne-thirdofparentsofbabieshaveasurprisinglylowknowledgeofchilddevelopment,includingbasicconceptsaboutwhattheirchildrenshouldknoworhowtheyshouldact,anewstudyfinds．125 Forinstance,thestudyfoundthatmanyparentsdon"tknowthat1-year-oldscan"ttellthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong,andoftendon"tcooperateorsharewhenplayingwithotherchildren．Theresultsaresurprisingbecausetheparentswhotookpartinthesurveyhadyoungchildren,saidleadauthorDr．HeatherParadis,apediatricfellowattheUniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter,inNewYork．"Theywerewatchingorhadjustwatchedtheirkidsgothroughthisdevelopment,andtheywereprobablythemostknowledgeableofanybody．"Paradisandhercolleaguesexaminedtheresultsofasurveyofparents--98．6percentofwhomweremothers--ofmorethan10,0009-month-oldbabies．Aspartofthesurvey,theparentswereasked11questionsdesignedtotesttheirknowledgeofababy"sdevelopment．Theresearchersalsoexaminedwhattheparentssaidabouttheirinteractionswiththeirchildren,andwatchedvideotapesofhowtheparentstaughtnewthingstotheirkids．One-thirdofthosesurveyedincorrectlyansweredfourormoreofthequestions．Evenwhentheresearchersadjustedthestatisticstoaccountforsuchfactorsaseducationlevelsandincome,thoseparentswerestilllesslikelytoenjoy"healthyinteractions"withtheirchildren．Alackofproperunderstandingofachild"sdevelopmentcancauseassortedproblems,Paradissaid．Forexample,shesaid,amothermightexpectan18-month-oldchildtositstillforadoctor"sappointment,eventhoughchildrenthatagearenormallycuriousandliketowanderaround．"Amomcouldmisinterpretachild"snormalcuriosityasintentionallybeingdefiant,andcouldrespondwithharshdiscipline,withdrawalofaffectionandrepetitionofthatpatternovertime,"Paradissaid．"Thatcouldhinderthechild"spotentialforfullgrowthanddevelopment．"ThefindingsweretobepresentedSundayatthePediatricAcademicSocieties"meetinginHonolulu．Onesolution,Paradissaid,isforpediatricianstotakeamoreactiveroleineducatingnewparents．"Byimprovingknowledgeofchilddevelopmentamongallparents,notjustthosewhoareathighestrisk,there"sanopportunitytoenhanceparent-childinteraction,"shesaid．"Itcanultimatelyleadtobetterparenting．"16.Amajorityofparentsofbabiesknowlittleaboutchilddevelopment．A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned17.Babiesofoneyearoldhavenosenseofrightorwrong．A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned18.Theparentssurveyedwereasked11questionsonchilddevelopment．A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned19.MostAmericanfamiliesarenuclearratherthanextendedones．A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned20.Mostmotherswithyoungchildrenprefertostayathome.A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned21.Childrenofoneandahalfyearsoldliketositstill．A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned22.Parent-childinteractioncaninnowaybeimproved．A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题，每题1分，共8分)　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。EbolaOutbreak125 1.YouarelikelyawarethatseveralcountriesinWestAfricaarebattinganEbolaOutbreak.Ebolaisadangerousandoftenlethalviralinfection.Scientistsbelievethathumanscontractedthevirusbyeatingthemeatofrareanimals.Itisnowbelievedthatbatsaretheprimarycarriersofthevirus.2.Todate,thereareonlythreemajorcountriesinWestAfricaexperiencingamajoroutbreak:SierraLeone,LiberiaandGuinea.However,othercountriessuchasNigeriahavereportedconfirmedcasesofEbolawithintheirborders.3.UnlessyourecentlyvisitedoneofthethreeaffectedWestcountries,yourriskofcontractingthevirusisvirtuallyzero.UnlikeotherrecentairbornevirusoutbreakslikeSARS,theEbolaviruscanonlybespreadthroughdirectcontactwithaninfectedperson.Specifically,Ebolaisspreadthroughcontactwithbodyfluids.Though,thevirusistransmittable,onlyaninfectedpersonexhibitingsymptomsiscommunicable.4.ThesignsandsymptomsofEbolaarenon-specificandpatientstypicallyexhibitthemafteraweekofcontractingthevirus.Symptomsmayappearasearlyastwodaysoraslateasthreeweeksafterinitialinfection.Symptomsincludedisgust,weaknessandstomachpain.Moreuncommonsymptomsincludechestpain,bleedingandsorethroat.5.Ebolaisdevastatingbecauseofitsabilitytoattackandreplicateineveryorganofthebody.Thiscausesanoverstimulationofthebody"sinflammatoryresponse,causingtheflu-likesymptoms.Thevirusalsocausesbleedingandimpairsthebody"snormalclottingmechanism（凝血机制），makingbleedingevenmoresevere.Lossofbloodvolumeanddecreasedorganperfusion（器官灌注），ultimatelyleadtoorganfailureanddeath.6.Thecurrentoutbreakisthedeadliestviraloutbreakinover35years.Whilediseasessuchasthemalaria（疟疾）arefarmorecommunicable,Ebolaisoneoftheworld"smostfatalviralinfections.Ebola"sfatalityrateexceedsthatofSARS.A.AmIatriskofcontractingthevirus?B.Isthecurrentoutbreakthedeadlines?C.HowdoIknowifIhavecontractedthevirus?D.Whatareasarecurrentlyaffected?E.WhatexactlydoesEboladotothebody?F.WhatcausedtheEbolaoutbreak?23paragraph2_______24paragraph3_______25paragraph4_______26paragraph5_______27TheinitialEbolaoutbreakwasfoundin_______.28ThedifferencebetweenSARSandEbolavirusesliesin_______.29Thesymptomsofthepatientsafterbeinginfectedmayfirstappear_______30TheEbolavirustransmitsbycontactwith_______.A.infectedbodyfluidsB.againsttheoutbreakseverityC.themodeoftransmissionD.theinitialdaysofbeinginfectedE.threecountriesinWestAfricaF.withinawiderangeofdays第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇EarBreakthrough125 NewresearchpublishedinthejournalCurrentBiologyhasaddedsignificantlytounderstandingofhowtheearworks,givinghopetomillionsofdeafandhardofhearingpeople．Thelatestresearch,conductedbyDr．JorgT．Albet,aDeafnessResearchUKresearchfellowattheUCLEarInstitute,togetherwithscientistsattheUniversityofCologne,showsthatfruitflieshaveearswhichmechanicallyamplifysoundsignalsinaremarkablysimilarwaytothesensory（感觉的）cellsfoundintheinnerearofvertebrates（脊椎动物）includinghumans．Thefindingmeansthatthewealthofgenetictechniquesalreadyavailabletostudythefruitflycannowbeusedtotargethowtheearworks．Dr．Albertsays．"Thebiophysicalparallelsbetweenthewaysbothfruitfliesandhumansconvertsoundintonervesignalsaretrulyamazing．Wemaybeallowedtohopethatthesemechanistic（机械学的）similaritiesextendfurtherdowntothegenesandmoleculesthatbringabouthearing．Butevenifitfinallyshouldturnoutthathearinginfruitfliesreliesondifferentmoleculesthandoeshearinginhumans,thelittlefruitflycanhelpusfindanswerstosomekeyquestionsofhearingresearchand–whatissometimesevenmoreimportant-willsurelyhelpusasktherightquestions．"TheworkiswelcomedbyDeafnessResearchUK,thecountry’sonlymedicalresearchcharityfordeafpeople．VivienneMichael,chiefexecutiveofDeafnessResearchUK．says,"Thisisanimportantadvancethatpavesthewaytowardaclearunderstandingofthegeneticsofdeafness．Thecharitywillcontinuetosupportculling-edge（尖端的）researchthroughitsFellowshipprogrammeattheUCI．EarinstituteandatothertopresearchcentresintheUKtoachieveourgoalofsecuringaudicalimprovementsintheprevention,diagnosisandtreatmentofallformsofhearingimpairment"ThereareninemilliondeafandhardofhearingpeopleintheUKandinmostcasesdeafnessresultsfromlossofsensorycellsintheinnerearknownas"hair",cells．Thecellscanbeimagesandlostthroughageing,noise,geneticdefectsandcertaindrugsand,becausethecellsdon’tregenerate,theresultisprogressive-andirreversible-hearingloss．Damagetothesecellscanalsoleadtotinnitus（耳鸣）,whichaffectsaroundfivemillionpeopleintheUK.31.Apersonwhoishardofhearingis_____.A.notabletohearproperlyB.totallydeafformbirthC.unwillingtolistentoothersD.ignorantofhowtheearworks32.Quiteanumberofgenetictechniqueshavebeenused_____.A.totargethowtheearworksB.tostudythefruitflyC.tostimulatesensorycellsD.toamplifysoundsignals33.Fruitfilesandhumanssharesimilaritiesinhowthey_____.A.askandanswerquestionsB.passontheirgenesC.reproduceD.convertsoundintonervesignals34.VivienneMichaelfromDeafnessResearchUKhighlyappreciates_____.A.thegeneticsofdeafnessB.thecharity’sFellowshipprogrammeC.improvementsintreatinghearingimpairment125 D.thelatestresearchconductedbyDr.Albert．35.Hearinglosscausedbydamagetothesensorycells_____.A.canaffectfivemillionpeopleintheUKB.canbeprogressivelyrepairedC.cannotbecuredD.cannotleadtotinnitus第二篇YoungAdultsWhoExerciseGetHigherIQScoresYoungadultswhoarefithaveahigherIQandaremorelikelytogoontouniversity,revealsamajornewstudycarriedoutattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital.TheresultswererecentlypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences(PNAS).Thestudyinvolved1.2millionSwedishmendoingmilitaryservicewhowerebornbetween1950and1976.TheresearchgroupanalyzedtheresultsofbothphysicalandIQteststheyoungsterstookrightaftertheystartedservingthearmy.ThestudyshowsaclearlinkbetweengoodphysicalfitnessandbetterresultsfortheIQtest.Thestrongestlinksareforlogicalthinkingandverbalcomprehension.ButitisonlyfitnessthatplaysaroleintheresultsfortheIQtest,andnotstrength.“Beingfitmeansthatyoualsohavegoodheartandlungcapacityandthatyourbraingetsplentyofoxygen,”saysMichaelNilsson,professorattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandchiefphysicianattheSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital.“Thismaybeoneofthereasonswhywecanseeaclearlinkwithfitness,butnotwithmuscularstrength.Wearealsoseeingthattherearegrowthfactorsthatareimportant.”Byanalyzingdatafortwins,theresearchershavebeenabletodeterminethatitisprimarilyenvironmentalfactorsandnotgenesthatexplainthelinkbetweenfitnessandhigherIQ.“Wehavealsoshownthatthoseyoungsterswhoimprovetheirphysicalfitnessbetweentheagesof15and18increasetheircognitiveperformance,”saysMariaAberg,researcherattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandphysicianatAbyhealthcentre.“Thisbeingthecase,physicaleducationisasubjectthathasanimportantplaceinschools,andisanabsolutemustifwewanttodowellinmathsandothertheoreticalsubjects.”Theresearchershavealsocomparedtheresultsfromfitnesstestsduringnationalservicewiththesocio-economicstatusofthemenlaterinlife.Thosewhowerefitat18weremorelikelytogointohighereducation,andmanysecuredmorequalifiedjobs.36.Theresearchersinthisstudycomefrom_______.A.AbyhealthcentreB.theSwedisharmyC.theNationalAcademyofSciencesD.aSwedishuniversityanditsaffiliatedhospital37.Whichofthefollowingisanimplicationofphysicalfitness?A.Brainsize.B.GoodlungcapacityC.ClearlogicalthinkingD.Muscularstrength38.Byenhancingphysicalfitness,onecouldimprovesthefollowingEXCEPT_______.A.cognitiveperformanceB.heartcapacity125 C.verbalcomprehensionD.emotionalbehavior39.ThestudyfindingincludethefollowingEXCEPTthat_______.A.growthfactorsaresignificantforaperson"sIQ.B.youngadultswhoarefitgethigherscoresinIQtests.C.youngsterswhoarefitwillmorelikelygetcollegeeducation.D.youngpeoplewhoaremuscularandstronghaveahigherIQ.40.Theword"secured"inthelastparagraphisclosesinmeaningto_______.A.insuredB.assuredC.obtainedD.studied第三篇SocialAnxietyDisorderSocialanxietydisorderpreventssome15millionAmericansfromleadingnormalsocialandromanticlives,anewsurveyfinds.Thedisorderleavesmanyisolated,ashamedandoftenmisdiagnosed.Thirty-sixpercentofthosewithsocialanxietydisorderhavesymptomsfor10yearsormorebeforeseekinghelp,theAnxietyDisordersAssociationofAmericareports."Socialanxietydisorderiswhensomebodyhasanintense,persistentandirrationalfearofsocialorperformancesituations,"JerilynRoss,theassociation"spresidentandCEO,saidduringateleconferenceWednesday."Theconditioncausespeopletoavoidcommon,everydaysituationsandevenotherpeopleforfearofbeingjudgedorcriticizedorhumiliatedorembarrassingthemselves,"Rosssaid.Socialanxietydisordercaninterferewithdailyroutinesandjobperformance，Rossnoted."Italsomakesitverydifficultforpeopletodevelopfriendsandromanticpartnerships，"shesaid.Peoplewiththisdisorderrecognizetheirfearisexcessiveandirrational,Rosenoted.“Buttheyfeelpowerlesstodoanythingaboutit,"shesaid.Socialanxietydisordercanstartintheearlyteens,Dr.MarkH.Pollack,directoroftheCenterforAnxietyandTraumaticStressDisordersandaprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,saidduringtheteleconference."Thisisadisorderthatstartsaffectingpeopleearlyon1，"Pollacksaid."Thetypicalageofonsetisearlyadolescence,age12or13，andmanyindividualsreportahistoryofanxietydatingbackto2earlierchildhood."Thedisorderalsohasphysicalsymptoms，includingheartpalpitations，feelingsthattheirthroatwillcloseup3，sweating,blushing,faintness,tremblingandstammering,Rosssaid.Amongpeoplewiththedisorder,75percentsaidtheconditionaffectedtheirabilitytodonormalactivities.Inaddition,69percentsaidtheydidn"twantpeopletothinktheywerecrazy,and58percentsaidtheywereembarrassedbytheircondition，Rosssaid.However,whentheconditionisdiagnosedandtreated,manyreportedimprovementintheirlives.Infact,59percentwhowerereceivingtreatmentsaidtreatmenthadapositiveeffectontheirabilitytohavearomanticrelationship.Inaddition,39percentwhohadreceivedtreatmentsaidknowingthattreatmentcanbesuccessfulaidedtheirdecisiontogethelp,Rossnoted.41.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueofthepeoplewithsocialanxietydisorder?125 A.Theyfinddifficulttomakefriends.B.Theytendtojudgeorcriticizeotherpeople.C.Theyareoftenisolatedandashamed.D.Theyfrequentlyfailtogettimelytreatment.42.Peoplewiththedisorderthinkthattheirfearis________.A.justifiedB.beneficialC.beyondcontrolD.controllable43.Usuallythedisorderstartstoaffectpeoplewhen________.A.theyfallinloveB.theybegintoworkC.theygetintheirearlyD.theyareintheirearlyteens44.AllthefollowingarelikelysymptomsofthedisorderEXCEPT________.A.heartpalpitations.B.sweating.C.sorethroat.D.blushing.45.Thelastparagraphindicatesthattreatmentofthedisorder________.A.hasnopositiveonthoseaffected.B.wasunavailabletothoseaffected.C.wasoftenrejectedbuildingthoseaffected.D.couldimprovethelifeofthoseaffected.第5部分：补全短文(第46—50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，已恢复文章原貌。第6部分：完形填空(第51—65题，每题1分，共15分)下面短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容，为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。第1部分词汇选项答案1.D2.A3.A4.D5.D6.A7.C8.B9.C10.C11.A12.C13.B14.B15.C第2部分：阅读判断答案16.B17.A18.A19.C20.C21.B22.B125 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子答案23.D24.A25.C26.E27.E28.C29.F30.A第4部分：阅读理解答案31.A32.A33.D34.D35.C36.D37.B38.D39.D40.C41.B42.C43.D44.C45.D、　(注：以下答案均属于网友版，仅供参考!)　　卫生类A级　11　　1b2c3c4b5b6c7d8a9c10b11d12d13b14d15c　　16a17b18a19b20c21a22b　　23e24b25a26d27f28e29a30c　　31c32dq10099831733b34d35a36a37a38c39a40c41c42b43a44b45c　　46c47b48e49d50a　　51c52a53b54b55b56a57a58d59b60d61d62a63a64c65d　　2015年职称英语卫生类C级考试答案(代码12)，下面的答案都是网友提供的，仅供参考!　　1—15　　DAADD　　ACBCC　　ACBBC　　16—22　　AAACCCB　　23—30　　CBDA　　ADBE　　31-45　　DADCD　　DBDDB　　BDDCD　　46-50　　DCAEF　　51—65　　DACDB　　AACBB　　BAABA125 　　2015年职称英语卫生类A级考试答案(代码13)，下面的答案都是网友提供的，仅供参考!　　1-15BBDDCBDADDCAAAB　　16-22AAACCBB　　23-30EBCFFCDB　　31-45BDCBADCADCDABAB　　46-50FEBDA　　51-65AABDCDDCDDCDDBC125 全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）历年真题及参考答案（2003-2013）目录2013年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案12012年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案92011年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案182010年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案272009年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案422008年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案552007年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案642006年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案722005年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案802004年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案892003年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案100125 2013年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.Therulesaretoorigidtoallowforhumanerror.A.inflexibleB.generalC.complexD.direct2.Thisspecieshasnearlydiedoutbecauseitshabitatisbeingdestroyed.A.turneddeadB.passedbyC.carriedawayD.becomeextinct3.Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswillexpiresoon.A.shortenB.endC.startD.resume4.Threeworld-classtennisplayerscametocontentforthistitle.A.argueB.claimC.wishD.compete5.Themethodsofcommunicationusedduringthewarwereprimitive.A.simpleB.reliableC.effectiveD.alternative6.Respectforlifeisacardinalprincipleofthelaw.A.moralB.regularC.fundamentalD.hard7.Thedrinkingwaterhasbecamecontaminatedwithlead.A.pollutedB.treatedC.testedD.corrupted8.Comeout,orI’llbustthedoordown.A.shutB.setC.breakD.beat9.Sheshedafewtearsatherdaughter’swedding.A.wipedB.injectedC.producedD.removed10.Theydidn’tseemtoappreciatethemagnitudeoftheproblem.A.existenceB.importanceC.causeD.situation11.Thetowerremainsintacteveraftertwohundredyears.A.unknownB.unusualC.undamagedD.unstable12.Manyexpertsremainskepticalabouthisclaims.A.doubtfulB.untouchedC.certainD.silent13.Theproposalwasendorsedthemajorityofmembers.A.rejectedB.submittedC.consideredD.approved14.Rumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialproblems.A.sendB.spreadC.hearD.confirm15.Thepolicewillneedtokeepawaryeyeonthisareaoftown.A.nakedB.cautiousC.blindD.private第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。InYourFaceWhyisthismansoangry?Wedon’tknowthereason,butwecanseetheemotioninhisface.Whatevercultureyoucomefrom,youcanunderstandthefeelingthatheisexpressing.Fortyyearsago,psychologistPaulEkmanoftheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,becameinterestedinhowpeople’sfacesshowtheirfeelings.HetookphotographsofAmericansexpressingvariousemotions.ThenheshowedthemtotheForepeople,wholiveinthejungleinNewGuinea.MostoftheForehadneverseenforeignfaces,buttheyeasilyunderstoodAmericans"expressionsofanger,happiness,sadness,disgust,fear,andsurprise.125 ThenEkmandidthesameexperimentinreverse.HeshowedpicturesofForefacestoAmericans,andtheresultsweresimilar.AmericanshadnoproblemsreadingtheemotionsontheForepeople’sfaces.Ekman’sresearchgavepowerfulsupporttothetheorythatfacialexpressionsforbasicemotionsarethesameeverywhere.HedidmoreresearchinJapan,Brazil,andArgentina,andgotthesameresults.AccordingtoEkman,thesesixemotionsareuniversalbecausetheyarebuiltintoourbrains.Theydevelopedtohelpusdealwiththingsquicklythatmighthurtus.Someemotionaltriggersareuniversalaswell.Whensomethingsuddenlycomesintosight,peoplefeelfear,becauseitmightbedangerous.Butmostemotionaltriggersarelearned.Forexample,twopeoplemightsmellnewlycutgrass.Onepersonspentwonderfulsummersinthecountryasachild,sothesmellmakeshimhappy.Theotherpersonremembersworkingveryhardonafarmandbeinghungry,sohefeelssad.Oncewemakeanemotionalassociationinourbrain,itisdifficult,andsometimesimpossible,tochangeit.‘‘Emotionistheleastchangeablepartofthebrain,”saysEkman.Butwecanlearntomanageouremotionsbetter.Forinstance,wecanbemoreawareofthingsthatmakeusangry,andwecanthinkbeforewereact.Therearemanydifferencesbetweencultures,intheirlanguagesandcustoms.Butasmileisexactlythesameeverywhere.16PaulEkmanstudiespeople’sfacesindifferentcultures.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17Ekmandidresearchinseveralcountriesandgotdifferentresults.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18AmericansgetangrymoreoftenthantheForepeoplefromNewGuinea.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19Ekmanthinksthatsomebasicemotionsarethesameeverywhere.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20Twopeoplemightfeeldifferentemotionsaboutthesamething.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21Fearisthemostdifficultemotiontochange.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22Peopleofdifferentculturessmilewhentheyunderstandeachother.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。OrganicFood:Why?1Europeisnowthebiggestmarketfororganicfoodintheworld,expandingby25percentayearoverthepast10years.Sowhatistheattractionoforganicfoodforsomepeople?Thereallyimportantthingisthatorganicsoundsmore“natural”Eatingorganicisawayofdefiningoneselfasnatural,good,caring,differentfromthejunk-food-eatingmasses.2Unlikeconventionalfarming,theorganicapproachmeansfarmingwithnatural,ratherthanman-made,fertilisersandpesticides.Techniquessuchascroprotation(轮种)improvesoilqualityandhelporganicfarmerscompensatefortheabsenceofman-madechemicals.Asamethodoffoodproduction,organicis,however,inefficientinitsuseoflabourandland;thereareseverelimitstohowmuchfoodcanbeproduced.Also,theenvironmentalbenefitsofnotusingartificialfertilisersaretinycomparedwiththeamountofcarbondioxideemitted(排放)bytransportingfood.3Organicfarmingisoftenclaimedtobesaferthanconventionalfarming.Yetstudiesintoorganicfarmingworldwidecontinuetorejectthisclaim.AnextensivereviewbytheUKFoodStandardsAgencyfoundthatthere125 wasnostatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenorganicandconventionalcrops.Evenwhereresultsindicatedtherewasevidenceofadifference,thereviewersfoundnosignthatthesedifferenceswouldhaveanynoticeableeffectonhealth.4Thesimplisticclaimthatorganicfoodismorenutritiousthanconventionalfoodwasalwayslikelytobemisleading.Foodisanaturalproduct,andthehealthvalueofdifferentfoodswillvaryforanumberofreasons,includingfreshness,thewaythefoodiscooked,thetypeofsoilitisgrownin.theamountofsunlightandraincropshavereceived,andsoon.Likewise,theflavourofacarrothaslesstodowithwhetheritwasfertilisedwithmanure(粪便)orsomethingoutofaplasticsackthanwiththevarietyofcarrotandhowlongagoitwasdugup.5Thenotionthatorganicfoodissaferthan“normal”foodisalsocontradictedbythefactthatmanyofourmostcommonfoodsarefullofnaturaltoxins(毒素).Asoneresearchexpertsays:“Peoplethinkthatthemorenaturalsomethingis,thebetteritisforthem.Thatissimplynotthecase.Infact,itistheoppositethatistrue:thecloseraplantistoitsnaturalstate,themorelikelyitisthatitwillpoisonyou.Naturally,manyplantsdonotwanttobeeaten,sowehavespent10,000yearsdevelopingagricultureandbreedingoutharmfultraitsfromcrops”23Paragraph1________24Paragraph2________25Paragraph3________26Paragraph4________AMainreasonforthepopularityoforganicfoodBDescriptionoforganicfarmingCFactorsthataffectfoodhealthvalueDTestingthetasteoforganicfoodENecessitytoremovehiddendangersfromfoodFResearchintowhetherorganicfoodisbetter27Techniquesoforganicfarminghelp___.28Thereisnoconvincingevidenceto___.29Theweatherconditionsduringthegrowthofcrops___.30Thecloseraplantistoitsnaturalstate,thelesssuitableitisto___.A.showthatorganiccropsaresaferthanconventionalonesBbespeciallytrainedCimprovesoilqualityDpoisonyouEbeeatenFaffecttheirnutritionalcontent第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇WhyDon’tBabiesTalkLikeAdults?Overthepasthalf-century,scientistshavesettledontworeasonabletheoriesrelatedtobabytalk.Onestatesthatayoungchild"sbrainneedstimetomasterlanguage,inthesamewaythatitdoestomasterotherabilitiessuchasphysicalmovement.Thesecondtheorystatesthatachild’svocabularylevelisthekeyfactor.Accordingtothistheory,somekeystepshavetooccurinalogicalsequencebeforesentenceformationoccurs.Children’smathematicalknowledgedevelopsinthesameway.In2007,researchersatHarvardUniversity,whowerestudyingthetwotheories,foundacleverwaytotestthem.Morethan20,000internationallyadoptedchildrenentertheU.S.eachyear.Manyofthemnolongerheartheirbirthlanguageaftertheyarrive,andtheymustlearnEnglishmoreorlessthesamewayinfantsdo—thatis,bylistening125 andbytrialanderror.Internationaladopteesdon’ttakeclassesoruseadictionarywhentheyarelearningtheirnewtongueandmostofthemdon’thaveawell-developedfirstlanguage.Allofthesefactorsmakethemanidealpopulationinwhichtotestthesecompetinghypothesesabouthowlanguageislearned.Neuroscientists’JesseSnedeker,JoyGerenandCarissaShaftostudiedthelanguagedevelopmentof27childrenadoptedfromChinabetweentheagesoftwoandfiveyears.ThesechildrenbeganlearningEnglishatanolderagethanUSnativesandhadmorematurebrainswithwhichtotacklethetask.Evenso,justaswithAmerican-borninfants,theirfirstEnglishsentencesconsistedofsinglewordsandwerelargelybereft(缺乏的)offunctionwords,wordendingsandverbs.TheadopteesthenwentthroughthesamestagesastypicalAmerican-bornchildren,thoughatafasterclip.Theadopteesandnativechildrenstartedcombiningwordsinsentenceswhentheirvocabularyreachedthesamesizes,furthersuggestingthatwhatmattersisnothowoldyouareorhowmatureyourbrainis,butthenumberofwordsyouknow.Thisfinding—thathavingmorematurebrainsdidnothelptheadopteesavoidthetoddler-talkstage—suggeststhatbabiesspeakinbabytalknotbecausetheyhavebabybrains,butbecausetheyhaveonlyjuststartedlearningandneedtimetogainenoughvocabularytobeabletoexpandtheirconversations.Beforelong,theone-wordstagewillgivewaytothetwo-wordstageandsoon.Learninghowtochatlikeanadultisagradualprocess.Butthispotentialansweralsoraisesanevenolderandmoredifficultquestion.Adultimmigrantswholearnasecondlanguagerarelyachievethesameproficiencyinaforeignlanguageastheaveragechildraisedasanativespeaker.Researchershavelongsuspectedthereisa“criticalperiod"forlanguagedevelopment,afterwhichitcannotproceedwithfullsuccesstofluency.Yetwestilldonotunderstandthiscriticalperiodorknowwhyitends.31.Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinParagraph2?A.Torejecttheviewthatadoptedchildrenneedtwolanguages.B.Toarguethatcultureaffectsthewaychildrenlearnalanguage.C.Togivereasonswhyadoptedchildrenwereusedinthestudy.D.Tojustifyaparticularapproachtolanguagelearning.32.Snedeker,GerenandShaftobasedtheirstudyonchildrenwhoA.werefindingitdifficulttolearnEnglish.B.werelearningEnglishatalateragethanUSchildren.C.hadcomefromanumberoflanguagebackgrounds.D.hadtakenEnglishlessonsinChina.33.Whataspectoftheadoptedchildren’slanguagedevelopmentdifferedfromthatofUS-bornchildren?A.Therateatwhichtheyacquiredlanguage.B.Theirfirstwords.C.ThewaytheylearntEnglish.D.Thepointatwhichtheystartedproducingsentences.34.WhatdoestheHarvardfindingshow?A.Notalltoddlersusebabytalk.B.Somechildrenneedmoreconversationthanothers.C.Languagelearningtakesplaceinorderedsteps.D.Notallbrainsworkinthesameway.35.Whenthewritersays“criticalperiod”hemeansaperiodwhenA.studiesproduceusefulresults.B.adultsneedtobetaughtlikechildren.C.languagelearningtakesplaceeffectively.D.immigrantswanttolearnanotherlanguage.第二篇DNAFingerprinting125 DNAisthegeneticmaterialfoundwithinthecellnucleiofalllivingthings.Inmammals(哺乳动物)thestrandsofDNAaregroupedintostructurescalledchromosomes(染色体).Withtheexceptionofidenticalsiblings(asinidenticaltwins),thecompleteDNAofeachindividualisunique.DNAfingerprintingissometimescalledDNAtyping,ItisamethodofidentificationthatcomparesbitsofDNA.ADNAfingerprintisconstructedbyfirstdrawingoutaDNAsamplefrombodytissueorfluidsuchashair,blood,orsaliva(唾液).Thesampleisthensegmentedusingenzymes(酶),andthesegmentsarearrangedbysize.ThesegmentsaremarkedwithprobesandexposedonX-rayfilm,wheretheyformapatternofblackbars—theDNAfingerprint.IftheDNAfingerprintsproducedfromtwodifferentsamples-match,thetwosamplesprobablycamefromthesameperson.DNAfingerprintingwasfirstdevelopedasanidentificationtechniquein1985.Originallyusedtodetectthepresenceofgeneticdiseases,itsooncametobeusedincriminalinvestigationsandlegalaffairs.ThefirstcriminalconvictionbasedonDNAevidenceintheUnitedStatesoccurredin1988.Incriminalinvestigations,DNAfingerprintsderivedfromevidencecollectedatthecrimescenearecomparedtotheDNAfingerprintsofsuspects.Generally,courtshaveacceptedthereliabilityofDNAtestingandadmittedDNAtestresultsintoevidence.However,DNAfingerprintingiscontroversialinanumberofareas:theaccuracyoftheresults,thecostoftesting,andthepossiblemisuseofthetechnique,TheaccuracyofDNAfingerprintinghasbeenchallengedforseveralreasons.First,becauseDNAsegmentsratherthancompleteDNAstrandsare“fingerprinted”;aDNAfingerprintmaynotbeunique;large-scaleresearchtoconfirmtheuniquenessofDNAfingerprintingtestresultshasnotbeenconducted.Inaddition,DNAfingerprintingisoftendoneinprivatelaboratoriesthatmaynotfollowuniformtestingstandardsandqualitycontrols.Also,sincehumanbeingsmustinterpretthetest,humanerrorcouldleadtofalseresults.DNAfingerprintingisexpensive.SuspectswhoareunabletoprovidetheirownDNAtoexpertsmaynotbeabletosuccessfullydefendthemselvesagainstchargesbasedonDNAevidence.WidespreaduseofDNAtestingforidentificationpurposesmayleadtotheestablishmentofaDNAfingerprintdatabase.36.Iftwosistersareidenticaltwins,theircompleteDNAsare____.A.thesameB.uniqueC.differentD.similar37.DNAfingerprintingisatechniqueof____.A.groupingDNAstrandsintostructuresB.segmentingDNAwithprobesC.constructingbodytissuesbyenzymesD.identifyingapersonbycomparingDNAs38.DNAfingerprintingwasfirstusedin____.A.criminalinvestigationB.animalreproductionC.privatelaboratoriesD.geneticdiseasedetection.39PeoplequestionthereliabilityofDNAfingerprintingfor____.A.thesubjectiveinterpretationoftestresultsB.itscomplexprocedureC.itslargescaleresearchD.itsuniformtestingstandards40.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatDNAfingerprinting____.125 A.iscostlytothepolice.B.couldbeasocialissue.C.Istheonlywaytoproveinnocence.D.hasbeenaprofitablebusiness.第三篇OntheTrialoftheHoneyBadgerOnarecentfieldtriptotheKalahariDesert,ateamofresearcherslearnalotmoreabouthoneybadgers.TheteamemployedalocalwildlifeexpertKitsoKhamatohelpthemlocateandfollowthebadgersacrossthedesert.Theirmainaimwastostudythebadgers’movementsandbehaviorasdiscreetly(谨慎地)aspossiblewithoutfrighteningthemawayorcausingthemtochangetheirnaturalbehavior.Theyalsoplannedtotrapafewandstudythemcloseupbeforereleasingtheminviewoftheanimal’sreputation,thiswassomethingthatevenKhamawasreluctanttodo.“Theproblemwithhoneybadgersistheyarenaturallycuriousanimals,especiallywhentheyseesomethingnew,”hesays.“That,combinedwiththeirunpredictablenature,canbeadangerousmixture.Iftheysenseyouhavefood,forexample,theywon’tbeshyaboutcomingrightuptoyouforsomethingtoeat.They’reactuallyquitesociablecreaturesaroundhumans,butassoonastheyfeeltheymightbeindanger,theycanbecomeextremelyvicious(凶恶的).Fortunatelythisisrare,butitdoeshappen.”Theresearchconfirmedmanythingsthatwerealreadyknown.Asexpected,honeybadgersateanycreaturestheycouldcatchandkill.Evenpoisonoussnakes,fearedandavoidedbymostotheranimals,werenotsafefromthem.Theresearchersweresurprised,however,bytheanimal’sfondnessforlocalmelons,probablybecauseoftheirhighwatercontent.Preciouslyresearchersthoughtthattheanimalgotallofitsliquidrequirementsfromitsprey(猎物).Theteamalsolearntthat,contrarytopreviousresearchfindings,thebadgersoccasionallyformedloosefamilygroups.Theywerealsoabletoconfirmcertainresultsfrompreviousresearch,includingthefactthatfemalebadgersneversocializedwitheachother.Followingsomeofthemalebadgerswasachallenge,sincetheycancoverlargedistancesinashortspaceoftime.Somehuntingterritoriescovermorethan500squarekilometers.Althoughtheyseemhappytosharetheseterritorieswithothermales,thereareoccasionalfightsoveranimportantfoodsource,andmalebadgerscanbeasaggressivetowardseachotherastheyaretowardsotherspecies.Asthebadgersbecameaccustomedtothepresenceofpeople,itgavetheteamthetogetupclosetothemwithoutbeingthesubjectoftheanimal’scuriosity—orsuddenaggression.Thebadgers’eatingpatterns,whichhadbeendisrupted,tonormal.Italsoallowedtheteamtoobservemorecloselysomeoftheothercreaturesthatformworkingassociationswiththehoneybadger,astheseseemedtobadgers’relaxedattitudewhennearhumans.41.WhydidthewildlifeexpertsvisittheKalahariDesert?A.Tofindwherehoneybadgerslive.B.Tocatchsomehoneybadgersforfood.C.Toobservehowhoneybadgersbehave.D.Tofindoutwhyhoneybadgershaveabadreputation.42.WhatdoesKitsoKhamasayabouthoneybadgers?A.Theyarealwayslookingforfood.B.Theydonotenjoyhumancompany.C.Theyshowinterestinthingstheyarenotfamiliarwith.D.Itiscommonforthemtoattackpeople.43.Whatdidtheteamfindoutabouthoneybadgers?A.Thereweresomecreaturestheydidnoteat.B.Theywereafraidofpoisonouscreatures.C.Femalebadgersdidnotmixwithmalebadgers.125 D.Theymaygetsomeofthewatertheyneededfromfruit.44.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalfeatureofmalebadgers?A.Theydon’trunveryquickly.B.Theydefendtheirterritoryfromotherbadgers.C.Theyhuntoveraverylargearea.D.Theyaremoreaggressivethanfemales.45.Whathappenedwhenhoneybadgersgotusedtohumansaroundthem?A.Theybecamelessaggressivetowardsothercreatures.B.Theylostinterestinpeople.C.Theystartedeatingmore.D.Otheranimalsstartedworkingwiththem.第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。ToadsareArthritisandinPainArthritis(关节炎)isanillnessthatcancausepainandswellinginyourbones.Toads(蟾蜍),abigprobleminthenorthofAustralia,aresufferingfrompainfularthritisintheirlegsandbackbone,anewstudyhasshown.Thetoadsthatjumpthefastestaremorelikelytobelargerandtohavelongerlegs._______(46)Thelargeyellowtoads,nativetoSouthandCentralAmerica,wereintroducedintothenorth-easternAustralianstateofQueenslandin1935inanattempttostopbeetlesandotherinsectsfromdestroyingsugarcanecrops.Nowupto200millionofthepoisonoustoadsexistinthecountry,andtheyarerapidlyspreadingthroughthestateofNorthernTerritoryatarateofupto60kmayear.Thetoadscannowbefoundacrossmorethanonemillionsquarekilometres._______(47)AVenezuelanpoisonviruswastriedinthe1990sbuthadtobeabandonedafteritwasfoundtoalsokillnativefrogspecies.ThetoadshaveseverelyaffectedecosystemsinAustralia.Animals,andsometimespets,thateatthetoadsdieimmediatelyfromtheirpoison,andthetoadsthemselveseatanythingtheycanfitinsidetheirmouth._______(48)Aco-authorofthenewstudy,RickShine,aprofessorattheUniversityofSydney,saysthatlittleattentionhasbeengiventotheproblemsthattoadsface.Rickandhiscolleaguesstudiednearly500toadsfromQueenslandandtheNorthernTerritoryandfoundthatthoseinthelatterstatewereverydifferent.Theywereactive,sprintingdownroadsandbreedingquickly.Accordingtotheresultsofthestudy,thefastesttoadstravelnearlyonekilometreanight._______(49)Butspeedandstrengthcomeataprice—arthritisofthelegsandbackboneduetoconstantpressureplacedonthem.Inlaboratorytests,theresearchersfoundthatafterabout15minutesofhopping,arthritictoadswouldtravellessdistancewitheachhop(跳跃)._______(50)Thesetoadsaresoprogrammedtomove,apparently,thatevenwheninpainthetoadstravelledasfastandasfarasthehealthyones,continuingtheirconstantmarchacrossthelandscape.A.Thetasknowfacingthecountryishowtoremovethetoads.B.Toadsarenotbuilttoberoadrunners——theyarebuilttositaroundpondsandwetareas.C.Butthisadvantagealsohasabigdrawback—upto10%ofthebiggesttoadssufferfromarthritis.D.Toadswithlongerlegsmovefasterandtravellongerdistanceswhiletheothersarebeingleftbehind.E.Butarthritisdidn’tslowdowntoadsoutsidethelaboratorytheresearchfound.F.Furthermore,theysoontakeoverthenaturalhabitatsofAustralia’snativespecies.第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttack125 Germanresearchershavecomeupwithanewgenerationofdefibrillators(除颤器)andearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreater____(51)____fromsuddendeathfromcardiacarrest(心脏停搏).InGermanyalone,around100,000peopledieannually____(52)____aresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecasesarecausedbydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostat____(53)____arepatientswhohavealreadysufferedaheartattack,andforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulin____(54)____life-threateningdisruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallybyinterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices____(55)____onarangeoffunctions,suchasthatofpacemaker(起搏器).HeartspecialistsatFreiburg"sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator____(56)____ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogram(ECG,心电图)withinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallows____(57)____diagnosisofsevereblood-flowproblemsandapending(即将发生的)heartattack.Itwillbeimplantedin____(58)____forthefirsttimethisyear.Meanwhile,researchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethat____(59)____theevaluationofECGdatamoreprecise.Theoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthis____(60)____undergoregularECGs.“Manyofthecurrentprogramsonlytakeinto____(61)____alinearcorrelationofthedata.Weare,however,makinguseofanon-linearprocess____(62)____revealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystem,”HagenKnafsays.“Inthiswaychangesintheheart____(63)____overtimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount.”AnoldstudyofECGdata,basedupon600patientswhohad____(64)____asubsequentheartattack,enabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshowthatthenewsoftwareevaluatesthe____(65)____considerablybetter.51.A.serviceB.discountC.protectionD.advice52.A.forB.asC.withD.in53.A.lastB.allC.onceD.risk54.A.leadingB.causingC.diagnosingD.repeating55.A.putB.goC.takeD.keep56.A.worthyB.fullC.proudD.capable57.A.finalB.differentialC.usualD.early58.A.doctorsB.researchersC.patientsD.nurses59.A.carriesB.hasC.requiresD.makes60.A.reasonB.purposeC.treatmentD.chance61.A.accountB.troubleC.confusionD.effort62.A.whatB.thatC.sinceD.it63A.beatsB.failuresC.attacksD.shapes64A.sufferedB.launchedC.avoidedD.started65.A.optionB.methodC.proposalD.data参考答案：1.A2.D3.B4.D5.A6.C7.A8.C9.C10.B11.C12.A13.D14.B15.B16.A17.B18.C19.A20.A21.C22.C23.A24.B25.F26.C27.C28.A29.F30.E31.D32.B33.A34.C35.C36.A37.D38.D39.A40.A41.C、42.C、43.D、44.C、45.B46.C47.F48.A49.D50.E51-55:CBDCC56-60DDCDA61-65ABAAD125 2012年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案第一部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.Heshiftedhispositionalittleinorderto(alleviate)thepaininhisleg.A.controlB.easyC.experienceD.suffer2.Ouraimwasto(update)thehealthservice,andwesucceeded.A.offerB.provideC.modernizeD.fund3.Shemovesfromone(exotic)locationtoanother.A.unusualB.familiarC.similarD.proper4.Nothingwould(induce)metovoteforhimagain.A.teachB.helpC.discourageD.attract5.Thephotographs(evoked)strongmemoriesofourholidayinFrance.A.refreshedB.storedC.blockedD.erased6.Theweatherwas(crisp)andclearandyoucouldseethemountainsfiftymilesaway.A.hotB.heavyC.freshD.windy7.Everyweekthemagazinepresentsthe(profile)ofawell-knownsportspersonality.A.successB.descriptionC.evidenceD.plan8.Hercommentsaboutmenare(utterly)ridiculouscompletely.A.slightlyB.completelyC.partlyD.faintly9.Thewallsaremadeof(hollow)concreteblocks.A.bigB.emptyC.longD.now10.Wealmost(raninto)aRolls-Roycethatpulledoutinfrontofuswithoutsignaling.A.overtookB.hitC.passedD.found11.WhenIheardthenoiseinthenextroom,Icouldn’tresisthavinga(peep)look.A.chanceB.visitC.lookD.try12.Hehasbeengranted(asylum)inFrance.A.powerB.reliefC.protectionD.license13.Hewas(weary)oftheconstantbattlebetweenthem.A.fondB.tiredC.proudD.afraid14.Newbornbabiescan(discriminate)betweenaman’sandawoman`svoice.A.treatB.distinguishC.expressD.analyzes15.Alltheflatsinthebuildinghadthesame(layout)arrangement.A.colorB.sizeC.functionD.arrangement第二部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。TheMind-BodyConnectionsNormanCousinswasafamousAmericanmagazineeditor.In1964,hereturnedfromanoverseastripandthenbecameveryill.Inthehospital,hehadterriblepainand125 couldn"tmovehisbody.Doctorstoldhimhehadaseriousdiseasecalledankylosingspondylitis（强直性脊柱炎）andsaidhehadonly1chancein500ofsurviving.Theygavehimpowerfuldrugs,buthisconditiononlygotworse.Cousinshadreadaboutatheorythatnegativeemotionscanharmyourhealth.Hebelievedthatpositiveemotionsweregoodforone"shealth,andhedecidedtotryanexperiment.Hewouldfillhisdayswithgoodfeelingsandlaughterandseeifthatmightimprovehiscondition.Heleftthehospitalandmovedintoahotelroom.There,hegotalargesupplyoffunnyTVprogramsandcopiesofoldMarxBrothersmoviesandcartoons.Healsohiredanursetoreadfunnystoriestohim.Hisplanwastospendthewholedaylaughingandthinkingabouthappythings.Onhisfirstnightinthehotel,Cousinsfoundthatlaughingatthemovieshelpedhisbodyproducechemicalsthatreducedpain.Forthefirsttimeinweeks,hecouldsleepcomfortablyforafewhours.Everytimethepaincameback,hewatchedanotherfunnymovieandlaugheduntilhefeltbetter.Overtime,Cousinswasabletomeasurechangesinhisbodywithbloodtests.Hefoundthattheharmfulchemicalsinhisbodydecreasedatleast5percenteverytimehewatchedafunnymovie.Afterashorttime,hewasabletostoptakingallofhismedications.Finallyhisconditionimprovedsomuchthathecouldgobacktowork.Cousinslaterwroteabookabouthowlaughterandhappinesshelpedhimtosurviveadeadlyillness.Manypeopledidn"tbelievehisstoryandsaidthathisdoctorswerewrongabouthisdisease.Butsincethen,researchhasfoundthatemotionsdohaveastrongeffectonphysicalhealth,andexperimentsfoundthatlaughtercanhelptoreducepain.Scientiststodayareworkingtounderstandthewaysthatourmindsaffectourbodies.16.NormanGousinsbecameillwhilehewastravelinginanothercountry.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.DoctorstoldCousinsthathewouldprobablydiefromhisdisease.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.DrugshelpedtostopthepainofCousins"sdisease.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.Cousinsstartedwatchingmoviesbecausehewasbored.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.Cousinsspentalotoftimelaughingeveryday.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.Movieswerebetterthanfunnystoriesforstoppingpain.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.WhenCousinswrotehisbook,everyoneagreedwithhim.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。MultipleSclerosis（多发性硬化症）1MultipleSclerosis(MS)isadiseaseinwhichthepatient"simmune（免疫的）systemattacksthecentralnervoussystem.Thiscanleadtonumerousphysicalandmentalsymptoms,asthediseaseaffectsthetransmissionofelectricalsignalsbetweenthebodyandthebrain.However,thehumanbody,beingaflexible,adaptable125 system,cancompensateforsomelevelofdamage,soapersonwithMScanlookandfeelfineeventhoughthediseaseispresent.2MSpatientscanhaveoneoftwomainvarietiesofthedisease:therelapsingform（复发型）andtheprimaryprogressiveform.Intherelapsingform,thediseaseprogressesinaseriesofjumps;attimesitisinremission（减轻）.whichmeansthataperson"snormalfunctionsreturnforaperiodoftimebeforethesystemgoesintorelapseandthediseaseagainbecomesmoreactive.ThisisthemostcommonformofMS;80-90%ofpeoplehavethisformofthediseasewhentheyarefirstdiagnosed.Therelapse-remissioncyclecancontinueformanyyears.Eventually,however,Iossofphysicalandcognitivefunctionsstartstotakeplaceandtheremissionsbecomelessfrequent.3IntheprimaryprogressiveformofMS,therearenoremissionsandacontinualbutsteadylossofphysicalandcognitivefunctionstakesplace.Thisconditionaffectsabout10-15%ofsufferersatdiagnosis.4Theexpectedcourseofthedisease,orprognosis（预后）,dependsonmanyvariables:thesubtypeofthedisease,thepatient"sindividualcharacteristicsandtheinitialsymptoms.Lifeexpectancyofpatients,however,isoftennearlythesameasthatofanunaffectedperson-providedthatareasonablestandardofcareisreceived.Insomecasesanear-normallifespanispossible.5Thecauseofthediseaseisunclear;itseemsthatsomepeoplehaveageneticSusceptibility（易感性）,whichistriggeredbysomeunknownenvironmentalfactor.Onset（发作）ofthediseaseusuallyoccursinyoungadultsbetweentheagesof20and40.Itismorecommoninwomenthanmen;however,ithasalsobeendiagnosedinyoungchildrenandinelderlypeople.23.Paragraph1____24.Paragraph2______25.Paragraph3_____26.Paragraph4____A.ThecauseofMSB.TherelapsingformofMSC.ThetreatmentforMSD.TheprimaryprogressiveformofMSE.ThedefinitionofMSF.ThedevelopmentofMS27.MSaffectsthecommunicationofnervecellsbetweenthebodyand____28.AnMSpatientcanfeelfineforyearswithoutbeingaffectedmuchby____29.10-15%ofMSpatientsarediagnosedashaving___30.Youngadultsmighthaveahigherchanceofdevelopingthediseasethan___A.relativesofMSpatientsB.theelderlypeopleC.thediseaseD.theprogressiveformE.thebrainF.lifeexpectancy第四部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）125 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇GrossNationalHappinessInthelastcentury,newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However，onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia，thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhist（佛教）culturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan,however,wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread,andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then,in1972,anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodern,butwithoutlosingitstraditions.KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNatonalProduct（GNP）.TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreasespeoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry’sprogressbypeople’shappiness.Ifthepeople’shappinessincreased，thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier，hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness（GNH）.GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare,education,andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy,protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally,peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood,stablegovernment.NowtheseissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Teenty-fivepercentofthelandhasbecomenationalparks,andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In2008,KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking,ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally,Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughtelevisionandinternet.Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople,cultures,andland.BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil,perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.31.WhowasJigmeSingyeWangchuck?A.Apresident.B.Abuddistpreist.C.Ageneral.D.Aking.32.ApartfrommoderizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhutan?A.Tomakeitspopulatongrow.B.Tokeepitseparatefromtheworld.C.Toencourageitspeopletogetrich.125 D.Tokeepitstraditionandcustoms.33.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPbyA.sellingmoreproducts.B.spendingmoremoney.C.spendinglessmoney.D.providingmorejobs.34.AccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappieriftheyA.havenewtecnology.B.canchangetheirreligion.C.haveagood,stablegovernment.D.havemoremoney.35.Today,manycountriesareA.usingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirprogress.B.wokingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasureGNH.C.takingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialprogress.D.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.第二篇CaffeineCaffeineisprobablythemostwidelyuseddrugintheworld.Humanshavebeenconsumingcaffeineforhundredsofyears,primarilyintheformofcoffee,tea,andcocoa.Habitualcoffeeandteadrinkershadlongbeenobservedtohavealowerincidenceofnon-melanoma（黑色素瘤）skincancers,althoughnooneknewwhy.Arecentstudyfoundthatcaffeineaffectsskincellsdamagedbyultravioletradiation,amaincauseofskincancer.Caffeineinterfereswithaproteinthatcancerouscellsneedtosurvive,leavingthedamagedcellstodiebeforetheybecomecancerous.Drinkingcaffeinatedcoffeehasalsobeenassociatedwithadecreasedincidenceofendometrial(予宫内膜的)cancer-thatis,cancerofthecellsliningtheuterus-Thestrongesteffectappearstobeinoverweightwomen,whoareatgreatestriskforthedisease.Researchersbelievebloodsugar,fatcells,andestrogen(雌性激素)mayplayarole.Althoughthemechanismremainsunknown,peoplewhodrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeorteaadayreportedlyhaveabouthalftheriskofdevelopingchronicliverdiseaseasthosewhodrinklessthanonecupofcoffeedaily;caffeinatedcoffeehasalsobeenassociatedwithloweredriskofcirrhosis（肝硬化）andlivercancer.Whilemanyofcaffeine"sundesirableeffects,suchaselevatedheartrateandbloodpressure,arebrief,someshort-termbenefits,includingpainrelief,increasedalertness,andincreasedphysicalendurance,havealsobeenattributedtocaffeine.Asacomponentofnumerousover-the-counterdietpillsandpainrelievers,caffeineincreasestheireffectivenessandhelpsthebodyabsorbthemmorequickly.Byconstricting（收缩）bloodvesselsinthebrain,itcanalleviateheadaches-evenmigraines(偏头痛)–andcanhelpcounterthedrowsiness（眩晕）causedbyantihistamines(抗组胺药).Caffeinedoesnotaltertheneedforsleep,butitdoesofferatemporarysolutiontofatigueforpeoplewhoneedtostayalert.Researchhasshownthatsleep-deprivedindividualswhoconsumedcaffeinehadimprovedmemoryandreasoningabilities,atleastintheshortterm.Studiesofrunnersandcyclistshaveshownthatcaffeinecanimprovetheirstamina-henceitsadditiontoenergy-boostingsportsdrinks.125 Peoplewhoconsumealotofcaffeineregularlymaydeveloptemporarywithdrawalsymptoms,headachebeingthemostcommon,iftheyquitorcutbackonitabruptly.Fortunately,thesesymptomslastonlyadayortwoinmostcases.Individualswhoaremoresensitivetothestimulatorysideeffectsofcaffeinemaywanttoavoidit,butmostdoctorsagreethattheequivalentofthreecupsofcoffeeadaydoesnotharmhealthypeople.Thereisnomedicalbasistogiveupdailycaffeineandmanyreasonstoincludeamoderateamountinone"sdiet.36.DrinkingcoffeeorteamayhelpA.lowertheincidenceofbeingoverweight.B.lowertheincidenceofnon-melanomaskincancer.C.increasetheincidenceofendometrialcancer.D.increasetheincidenceoflivercancer.37.CaffeineisusedtoA.reducehighbloodpressure.B.relieveheadaches.C.curelivercancer.D.treatskincancer.38.SomeathletesusecaffeinetoA.improvetheirspeed.B.increasetheirendurance.C.maintaintheiralertness.D.relaxtheirmuscles.39.CaffeinewithdrawalsymptomsA.canbecomeanongoingproblem.B.maylastaslongasaweek.C.areweightlossandmentaldisorder.D.areusuallyshort-lived.40.DrinkingthreecupsofcoffeeadayA.maynotberecommendedbymostdoctors.B.isharmfultohealthypeople.C.willprobablynotcauseproblems.D.maybenefitsensitivepeople.第三篇SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthersLow-saltfoodsmaybeharderforsomepeopletolikethanothers,accordingtoastudybyaPennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciencesfoodscientist.Theresearchindicatesthatgeneticfactorsinfluencesomeofthedifferenceinthelevelsofsaltweliketoeat.Thoseconclusionsareimportantbecauserecent,well-publicizedeffortstoreducethesaltcontentinfoodhaveleftmanypeoplestrugglingtoacceptfarethatsimplydoesnottasteasgoodtothemasitdoestoothers,pointedoutJohnHayes,assistantprofessoroffoodscience,whowasleadinvestigatoronthestudy.Dietshighinsaltcanincreasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandstroke.Thatiswhypublichealthexpertsandfoodcompaniesareworkingtogetheronwaystohelp125 consumerslowersaltintakethroughfoodsthatareenjoyabletoeat.Thisstudyincreasesunderstandingofsaltpreferenceandconsumption.Theresearchinvolved87carefullyscreenedparticipantswhosampledsaltyfoodssuchassoupandchips,onmultipleoccasions,spreadoutoverweeks.Testsubjectswere45menand42women,reportedlyhealthy,ranginginagefrom20to40years.Thesamplewascomposedofindividualswhowerenotactivelymodifyingtheirdietaryintakeanddidnotsmokecigarettes.Theyratedtheintensityoftasteonacommonlyusedscientificscale,rangingfrombarelydetectabletostrongestsensationofanykind."Mostofuslikethetasteofsalt.However,someindividualseatmoresalt,bothbecausetheylikethetasteofsaltinessmore,andalsobecauseitisneededtoblockotherunpleasanttastesinfood.”saidHayes."Supertasters,peoplewhoexperiencetastesmoreintensely,consumemoresaltthandonontasters.Snackfoodshavesaltinessastheirprimaryflavor,andatleastforthesefoods,moreisbetter,sothesupertastersseemtolikethemmore.”However,supertastersalsoneedhigherlevelsofsalttoblockunpleasantbittertastesinfoodssuchascheese,Hayesnoted."Forexample,cheeseisawonderfulblendofdairyflavorsfromfermentedmilk,butalsobittertastesfromripeningthatareblockedbysalt,"hesaid."Asupertasterfindslow-saltcheeseunpleasantbecausethebitternessistoopronounced."Hayescitedresearchdonemorethan75yearsagobyachemistnamedFoxandageneticistnamedBlakeslee,showingthatindividualsdifferintheirabilitytotastecertainchemicals.Asaresult,Hayesexplained,weknowthatawiderangeintasteacuityexists,andthisvariationisasnormalasvariationsineyeandhaircolor."Somepeople,calledsupertasters,describebittercompoundsasbeingextremelybitter,whileothers,callednontasters,findthesesamebittercompoundstobetastelessoronlyweaklybitter."hesaid."Responsetobittercompoundsisoneofmanywaystoidentifybiologicaldifferencesinfoodpreferencebecausesupertastingisnotlimitedtobitterness.”41.JohnHayespointsoutinarecentstudythatA.itishealthytoeatfoodwithoutsalt.B.manypeoplerejectlow-saltfoodcompletely.C.foodwithlesssalttastesbetter.D.manypeopleacceptlow-salttastelessfoodreluctantly.42.ThefourthparagraphdescribesbrieflyA.thepurposeofthestudy.B.theanalysisoftheresearchresults.C.theresearchmethodology.D.theconclusionofthestudy.43.ThearticlearguesthatsupertastersA.likesnackfoodsassaltinessistheirprimaryflavor.B.likethetasteofsaltinesstoblocksweettastesinfood.C.consumelesssaltbecausetheydon"tlikeintensivetastes.D.liketosharesaltycheesewithnontasters.44.Inparagraph6,theword"pronounced"isclosestinmeaningto125 A.weary.B.strong.C.weak.D.strange.45.ThelasttwoparagraphsillustratethattasteacuityisA.developedovertimeafterbirth.B.relatedtoone"seyeandhaircolor.C.stillunknowntoscientists.D.geneticallydetermined.第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。TheMysteriesofNazcaInthedesertofPeru,300kilometersfromLima,oneofthemostunusualartworksintheworldhasmystified(迷惑)peoplefordecades.(46)Butfromhighabove,thesemarksarehugeimagesofbirds,fish,seashells,allbeautifullycarvedintotheearth.TheNazcalinesaresodifficulttoseefromthegroundthattheyweren’tdiscovereduntilthe1930s,whenpilotsspottedthemwhileflyingoverthearea.Inall,thereareabout70differenthumanandanimalfiguresontheplain,alongwith900triangles,circles,andlines.Researchershavefiguredoutthatthelinesareatleast1,500yearsold,buttheirpurposeisstillamystery.(47)However,itwouldprobablybeverytrickytolandaspaceshipinthemiddleofpicturesofdogsandmonkeys.Inthe1940s,anAmericanexplorernamedPaulKosoksuggestedthatthedrawingsareachronicle(记录)ofthemovementofthestarsandplanets.(48)later,anastronomertestedhistheorywithacomputer,buthecouldn’tfindanyrelationbetweenthelinesandmovementsinspace.Anotherexplanationisthatthelinesmayhavebeenmadeforreligiousreasons.BritishresearcherTonyMorrisoninvestigatedthecustomsofpeopleintheAndesMountainandlearnedthattheysometimespraybythesideoftheroad.It’spossiblethatinthepast,thelinesofNazcawerecreatedforasimilarpurpose.(49)Butthelocalpeoplehaveneverconstructedanythingthisbig.Recently,twootherscientists,DavidJohnsonandSteveMabee,havespeculatedthatlinescouldhavebeenrelatedtowater.Nazcaisoneofthedriestplacesintheworldandreceivesonly2cmofraineveryyear.WhileJohnsonwassearchingforancientwatersourcesinthearea,henoticedthatsomewaterwaysbuiltancientpeoplewereconnectedwiththelines.JohnsonbelievesthattheNazcalinesareagiantmapoftheundergroundwaterinthearea.(50)A.Otherscientistsarenowsearchingforevidencetoprovethis.B.ASwisswriternamedErichVonDanikenwrotethattheNazcalinesweredesignedasalandingplaceforUFOs.C.Scholarsdifferininterpretingthepurposeofthedesigns.D.Thelargestpicturesmayhavebeenthesitesforspecialceremonies.E.Seenfromtheground,itlookslikelinesscratchedintotheearth.F.HecalledNazca“thelargestastronomybookintheworld”.第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）125 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。DreamsEveryonecandream.Indeed,everyonedoesdream.Thosewho______(51)thattheyneverdreamatallactuallydream______(52)asfrequentlyastherestofus,______(53)theymaynotrememberanythingaboutit.Eventhoseofuswhoareperfectly______(54)ofdreamingnightafternightveryseldomrememberthosedreamsin______(55)detailbutmerelyretainanuntidymixtureofseeminglyunrelated______(56)（变化）.Dreamsarenotsimplyvisual-wedreamwithallour______(57),sothatweappeartoexperiencesound,touch,smell,andtaste.Oneoftheworld"soldest______(58)writtendocumentsistheEgyptianBookofDreams.Thisvolumeisaboutfivethousandyearsold,soyoucansee______(59)（变化）dreamswerebelievedtohaveaspecialsignificanceeventhen.Manyancientcivilizationsbelievedthatyou______(60)neverwakeasleepingpersonas,duringsleep,thesoulhadleftthebodyandmightnotbeabletoreturn______(61)timeifthesleeperweresuddenlyawoken.Fromancienttimestothepresent______(62),peoplehavebeenmakingattemptstointerpretdreamsandto______(63)（变化）theirsignificance.Therearemanybooksavailableonthe______(64)（变化）ofdreaminterpretation,althoughunfortunatelytherearealmostasmanymeaningsforaparticulardream______(65)therearebooks.51.A.demandB.promise.C.agreeD.claim52.A.alsoB.justC.onlyD.quite53.A.thoughB.besidesC.howeverD.despite54.A.familiarB.awareC.accustomedD.used55.A.greatB.strongC.highD.deep56.A.impressionsB.conditionsC.visionD.collection57.A.effortsB.sensesC.tastesD.words58.A.knownB.consideredC.regardedD.estimated59.A.whyB.ifC.thatD.when60.A.wouldB.shouldC.oughtD.need61.A.inB.byC.withD.for62.A.minuteB.hourC.momentD.day63.A.studyB.attachC.reachD.explain64.A.subjectB.factC.majorD.impact65.A.likeB.soC.asD.such1-15题【答案】：alleviate—easeupdate—modernizeexotic—unusualinduce—attractevoked—refreshedcrisp—freshprofile—descriptionutterly—completelyhollow—emptyraninto—hitpeep—lookasylum—protectionweary—tireddiscriminate—distinguishlayout—arrangement16-22【答案】：BABBACB23-30【答案】：EBDFEACD31-35【答案】：DDACD36-40【答案】：BBBDC41-45【答案】：DCABD125 46～50【答案】：EBFDA51-65【答案】：DBABAABACBADDAC2011年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案　　第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。　　1．1wantedtoaskheroutbutwasscaredthatshemightrefuse．　　A．afraid　　B．anxious　　C．sure　　D．sad　　2．Shealwaysfindsfaultwitheverything　　A．simplifies　　B．criticizes　　C．evaluates　　D．examines　　3．Atthattime，wedidnotfullygraspthesignificanceofwhathadhappened．　　A．give　　B．attach　　C．lose　　D．understand　　4．IgotanotefromMoiraurgingmetogetintouch．　　A．instructing　　B．pushing　　C．notifying　　D．inviting　　5．Janesaidthatshecouldn’ttoleratethelonghours．　　A．stand　　B．spend　　C．take　　D．1ast　　6．Theseaturtle’snaturalhabitathasbeenconsiderablyreduced．　　A．suddenly　　B．greatly　　C．generally　　D．slightly　　7．Andersonleftthetable，remarkingthathehadsomeworktodo．　　A．saying　　B．doubting　　C．thinking　　D．knowing　　8．At80，PeckwasstillvigorousandlivinginParis．　　A．happy　　B．energetic　　C．alone　　D．busv　　9．Ayoungmanisbeinghailedaherotonightafterrescuingtwochildren．　　A．reported　　B．proved　　C．caught　　D．praised　　10．Heassertedthatnuclearpowerwasasafeandnon—pollutingenergysource．　　A．maintained　　B．recommended　　C．considered　　D．acknowledged　　11．Itispossibletoapproachtheprobleminadifferentway．　　A．handle　　B．raise　　C．pose　　D．experience　　12．Thestudyalsonotesasteadydeclineinthenumberofcollegestudentstakingsciencecourses．　　A．relative　　B．general　　C．continuous　　D．shard　　13．Forsomeobscurereason，thesimplegameisbecomingverypopular．　　A．obvious　　B．major　　C．unclear　　D．minor　　14．Thedecisiontoinvadeprovokedstormsofprotest．　　A．ignored　　B．organized　　C．caused　　D．received　　15．Foresterstaredathiscar，tremblingwithrage．　　A．turning　　B．jumping　　C．shouting　　D．shaking125 16．Totreatpain，patientsshouldstopmovingaround．　　A．Right   　　B．Wrong   　　C．Notmentioned　　17．Headachesarepartlycausedbylackofexercise．　　A．Right   　　B．Wrong   　　C．Notmentioned　　18．Exercisehelpstotakethepressureoffthesiteofpain．　　A．Right   　　B．Wrong   　　C．Notmentioned　　19．Doctorsoftenusedrugssuchasendorphinstotreatpatients．　　A．Right   　　B．Wrong   　　C．Notmentioned　　20．Backachesufferersoftenenduptakingmorethanonedrugtokillpain．　　A．Right   　　B．Wrong   　　C．Notmentioned　　21．Exercise helpspainsuffererstorecovermorequicklythantraditionaltreatment．　　A．Right   　　B．Wrong   　　C．Notmentioned　　22．Newpainclinicsaskpatientstogiveupdrugscompletely．　　A．Right   　　B．Wrong   　　C．Notmentioned125 23．Paragraph1________.　　24．Paragraph2________.　　25．Paragraph3________.　　26．Paragraph4________.27．Sleephelpsbrainto________.　　28．Parentswithveryyoungchildrentendto________.．　　29．Agoodlifestylemeansonecan________.　　30．Itisgoodadviceformostpeopleto________.125 31．Whatisusedtodescribethecommunicationnetworkconsistingofcellsintheimmunesystem?　　A．Theimmunesystem’smemory．B．Immunetroopseliminatingintruders．　　C．Beesflyingaroundahive．D．Aseaofmicrobes．　　32．Theimmunecellsandothercellsinthebodycoexistpeaceablyinastateknownas　　A．self-tolerance　　B．balance　　C．harmony　　D．tolerance　　33．Howdotheimmunecellsrecognizeanantigenas“foreign”or“nonself”?　　A．Throughanallergicresponse．　　B．Throughbloodtype．　　C．Throughcharacteristicshapesontheantigensurface．　　D．Throughfinehairsprotrudingfromtheantigensurface．　　34．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?　　A．Allergensareusuallyharmfulsubstances．　　B．Antigenscantriggeranimmuneresponse．　　C．Peoplewithantigensdonotsufferfromobviousresponses．　　D．Thereisnodifferencebetweenanantigenandanallergen．　　35．Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?　　A．Anantigenisanysubstancethattriggersanimmune125 response．　　B．Oneoftheimmunesystem’sprimaryfunctionsistheallergicresponse．　　C．Thehumanbodyisanappropriatehabitatformicrobes．　　D．Thebasicfunctionoftheimmunesystemistodistinguishbetweenselfandnonself36．PeoplebuycellphonesforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat　　A．they’repopular．　　B．they’reuseful．　　C．they’recheap．　　D．they’reconvenient．　　37。Theword“detected”inparagraph3couldbebestreplacedby　　A．cured．　　B．removed．　　C．discovered　　D．caused　　38．Thesalesmanretiredyoungbecause　　A．hedislikedusingmobilephones．　　B．hewastiredoftalkingonhismobilephone．　　C．hisemployer’sdoctorpersuadedhimto．　　D．hecouldn’tremembersimpletasks．　　39．Onthesafetyissueofmobilephones，themanufacturingcompanies　　A．denytheexistenceofmobilephoneradiation．　　B．developnewtechnologytoreducemobilephoneradiation．　　C．trytoprovethatmobilephonesarenotharmfultohealth．　　D．holdthattheamountofradiationistoosmalltoworryabout．　　40．Thewriter’spurposeofwritingthisarticleistoadvisepeople　　A．tobuymobilephones．　　B．tousemobilephoneslessoften．　　C．toupdateregularphones．　　D．tostopusingmobilephones125 41．Antimicrobialresistancehasbecomeaglobalpublichealthissuebecause　　A．newantibioticsaretooexpensiveforpoorcountries．　　B．infectionscausedbymulti—drugresistantbacteriahavekilledalotofpeople．　　C．scientistsknownothingaboutmulti-drugresistantbacteria．　　D．theremaybefewornotreatmenttoinfectionscausedbymulti-drugresistantbacteria．　　42．Theword“prudent’’inparagraphIisclosestinmeaningto　　A．unwise　　B．careful　　C．wasteful　　D．widespread　　43．ThearticlepublishedinTheLancetInfectiousDiseasesfoundthat　　A．anewmulti—drugresistantbacteriumhasappeared．　　B．somebacteriahavedevelopedanewgenetoresistalmostallantibiotics．　　C．someinfectionsarecausedbyantibiotics．　　D．somecountriesaresuccessfulincontrollingmulti—trugresistantmicroorganisms．　　44．WH()recommendsgovernmentstofocusonthefollowingareasEXCEPT　　A．educationontheuseofantibiotics．　　B．keepinghospitalsfromstoringmoreantibioticsthantheycan125 use．　　C．controlofantibioticuse．　　D．introductionofnewregulationsonthesaleofantibiotics．　　45．Welearnfromthepassagethat　　A．antimicrobialresistancewasnotnoticeduntil2010．　　B．withoutWHO，nocountrywillbesafeinthewaragainstantimicrobialresistance．　　C．WHOwillfocusitspreventionandcontroleffortsinpoorcountries．　　D．furtherstudyisneededtodealwiththetransmissionofmulti—drugresistantbacteria．A．Thismountainrises1，532feetmakingitthehighestmountainontheAtlanticseaboard．　　B．ItissplitalmostinhalfbySomesSound，adeepandnarrowstretchofwater，sevenmileslong．　　C．ThewealthyresidentsofMt．DesertsIslandselfishlykeptittothemselves．　　D．Mt．Desertislandisoneofthemostfamousofalltheislandsleftbehindbytheglacier．　　E．Thetermcomesfromtheactivityoftheiceage．　　F．Italsoliesinamajorbirdmigrationlaneandisarestingspotformanybirds．125 51．A．reportedB．expectedC．markedD．caused　　52．A．playsB．existsC．keepsD．maintains　　53．A．usuallyB．exactlyC．completelyD．particularly　　54．A．activeB．inactiveC．faithfulD．unaffected　　55．A．yetB．stillC．howeverD．until56．A．factB．additionC．generalD．total　　57．A．alongB．besideC．atD．around58．A．adviseB．proposeC．suggestD．recommend　　59．A．briefB．1ateC．peakD．long　　60．A．1edB．broughtC．returnedD．turned　　61．A．risingB．balancingC．jumpingD．declining　　62．A．aboveB．fromC．sinceD．over　　63．A．remainsB．seemsC．expandsD．becomes　　64．A．activityB．pictureC．performanceD．quality　　65．A．asB．allC．andD．except125 第一部分：词汇选项　　1．A【解析】题意：我想约她出来但是害怕她有可能拒绝。　　划线词scared意思是“吃惊的、害怕的”。　　2．B【解析】题意：她总是事事加以非难(挑剔)。　　划线部分findfaultwith即可。fault的意思是“挑剔，找毛病，批评”。　　3．D【解析】题意：当时，我们没有理解所发生事情的重要性。　　划线词grasp的意思是“领会，理解”。　　4．B【解析】题意：我从Moira那里得到一张便条，催促我尽快联系。　　划线词urge的词义为“催促”。　　5．A【解析】题意：简说她无法忍受这么长时间。　　划线词tolerate的词义是“容忍”。　　6．B【解析】题意：海龟的自然生存环境大大的恶化了。　　划线词的意思为“相当大的”。　　7．A【解析】题意：安德森离开了桌子，同时说道他有些工作要去做。　　划线词remark的意思是“说，讲”。　　8．B【解析】题意：佩克八十岁时仍然精力旺盛地生活在巴黎。　　划线词的词义为“精力旺盛的”。　　9．D【解析】题意：在营救出两名儿童之后，一年轻男子被欢呼拥立为英雄。　　划线词hail的词义是“向……欢呼致贺”。　　10．A【解析】题意：他断言核能是一种安全而又无污染的能源。　　划线词的词义为“主张，断言”。　　11．A【解析】题意：完全有可能以不同的方式来处理这个问题。　　划线词的词义为“处理，对待”。　　12．C【解析】题意：该项研究还表明选学理科课程的大学生数量在持续下降。　　划线词的词义是“稳定的，持续的”。　　13．C【解析】题意：不知什么原因，这项简单的运动变得非常流行。　　划线词obscure词义为“不清楚的，不明了的”。　　14．C【解析】题意：入侵的决定引起了抗议的风暴。　　划线词provoke的词义为“引起，激发”。　　15．D【解析】题意：福雷斯特盯着他的车，气得发抖。　　划线词的词义是“发抖，战栗”。第二部分：阅读判断　　答题方法与技巧：　　16．B　　17．C　　18．A　　19．B　　20．A　　21．A　　22．B第三部分：概括大意与完成句子　　23．E　　24．D　　25．A　　26．B　　27．C　　28．E　　29．B　　30．F第四部分：阅读理解　　第一篇　　31．C　　32．A　　33．C　34．B　　35．D第二篇　　36．C　　37．C　　38．D　　39．D　　40．B第三篇　　41．D　　42．B　　43．B　　44．B　　45．A第5部分：补全短文　　46．E　　47．D　　48．B　　49．C　　50．A第6部分：完形填空51．A　　52．B　　53．D　　54．A　　55．C　　56．B　　57．A　　58．C　　59．C　　60．C　　61．D　　62．D　　63．A　　64．A　　65．D125 2010年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.Iwanttoprovidemyboyswithadecenteducation.　　A．privateB．special　C．general　D．good2.Lowertaxeswouldspurinvestmentandhelpeconomicgrowth.　　A．attract　　B．encourage　　C．spend　　D．require3.Steepstairscanpresentaparticularhazardtoolderpeople.　　A．evidence　　B．case　　C．danger　　D．picture4.Theprojectrequiredtenyearsofdiligentresearch.　　A．scientific　　B．basic　　C.social　　D.hardworking5.Thetwobankshaveannouncedplanstomergenextyear.　　A.break　　B.close　　C.sell　　D.combine6.Hedemolishedmyargumentinminutes.　　A.disproved　　B.accepted　　C.disputed{来源：考{试大}　　D.supported7.Herfatherwasaquietmanwithgracefulmanners.　　A．similar　　B．polite　　C．usual　　D．bad8.Regularvisitsfromasocialworkercanbeofimmensevaluetooldpeoplelivingalone.　　A.moderate　　B.equal　　C.great　　D.immediate9.Hewasrathervagueaboutthereasonswhyheneverfinishedschool.　　A.unclear　　B.bad　　C.bright　　D.general10.Hewaskeptinappallingconditionsinprison.　　A.critical　　B.necessary　　C.normal　　D.terrible11.Ican"tputupwithmyneighbor"snoiseanylonger,whichisdrivingmemad.　　A.generate　　B.measure　　C.tolerate　　D.reduce12.Ienjoyedtheplay-ithadacleverplotandveryfunnydialogues.　　A.humorous　　B.boring　　C.long　　D.original13.Yourdogneedsatleast20minutesofvigorousexerciseeveryday.　　A.free　　B.regular　　C.physical　　D.energetic14.Ourarrangementswerethrownintocompleteturmoil.　　A.relief　　B.doubt　　C.confusion　　D.failure15.Patriciastaredattheothergirlswithresentment.　　A.doubt　　B.anger　　C.love　　D.surprise第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，第题1分，共7分）　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。　　RetirementBringsMostaBigHealthBoost　　Theself-reportedhealthofthenewlyretiredimprovessomuchthatmostfeeleightyearsyounger,anewEuropeanstudysuggests.　　Thishappynewswastrueofalmosteveryoneexceptasmallminority-only2percent-whohadexperienced"ideal"conditionsintheirworkinglife,anyway.考试大论坛　　"Theresultsreallysaythreethings:thatworkputsanextraburdenonthehealthofolderworkers,thattheeffectsofthisextraburdenarelargelyrelievedbyretirementand,finally,thatboththeextraburdenandthereliefarelargerwhenworkingconditionsarepoor,"saidHugoWesterlund,leadauthorofastudypublishedonlineNov.9inTheLancet."Thisindicatesthatthereisaneedtoprovideopportunitiesforolderworkerstodecreasethe125 demandsintheirworkoutofconcernoftheirhealthandwell-being."　　Butofcourse,addedWesterlund,whoisheadofepidemiologyattheStressResearchInstituteatStockholmUniversityinSweden"notallolderworkerssufferfrompoorperceivedhealth.Manyareindeedremarkablyhealthyandfitforwork.Butsoonerorlater,everyonehastoslowdownbecauseofoldagecatchingup."　　Lastweek,thesamegroupofresearchersreportedthatworkerssleptbetterafterretirementthanbefore."Sleepimprovesatretirement,whichsuggeststhatsleepingcouldbeamediatorbetweenworkandperceptionofpoorhealth,"Westerlundsaid.　　Thisstudylookedatwhatthesame15,000Frenchworkers,mostofthemmen,hadtosayabouttheirownhealthuptosevenyearspre-retirementanduptosevenyearspost-retirement.　　Asparticipantsgotclosertoretirementage,theirperceptionoftheirownhealthdeclined,butwentupagainduringthefirstyearofretirement.　　Thosewhoreportedbeinginpoorerhealthdeclinedfrom19.2percentintheyearpriortoretirementto14.3percentbytheendofthefirstyearafterretiring.Accordingtotheresearchers,thatmeanspost-retirementlevelsofpoorhealthfelltolevelslastseeneightyearspreviously.　　Thechangeswereseeninbothmenandwomen,acrossdifferentoccupations,andlastedthroughthefirstsevenyearsofnotpunchingtheclock.　　Workerswhofeltworsebeforeretirementandhadlowerworkingconditionsreportedgreaterimprovementsassoonastheyretired,theteamfound.16.Mostofthenewlyretiredfeelyoungerandhealthierthanbefore.　　A.Right　B.Wrong　　C.Notmentioned17.Olderworkersaregenerallyasfitforworkasyoungerworkers.　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Notmentioned18.Olderworkersusuallygetonverywellwithyoungerworkers.　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Notmentioned19.Europeisagingfasterthanmostotherpartsoftheglobe.　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Notmentioned20.Thestudyanalyzedtheparticipants"perceptionoftheirownhealthinacertainperiod.　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Notmentioned21.TheparticipantscamefromvariouscountriesinEurope.　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Notmentioned22.Thefindingsofthestudyapplytoconditionsallovertheworld.　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。　　Parkinson"sDisease　　IParkinson"sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhenthereisaproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normally,thesenervecellsmakeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine(多巴胺).Dopaminesendssignalstothepartofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovements.Itletsyourmusclesmovesmoothlyanddowhatyouwantthemtodo.WhenyouhaveParkinson"s,thesenervecellsbreakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamine,andyouhavetroublemovingthewayyouwantto.　　2Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakesthesenervecellsbreakdown.Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolookfortheanswer.Theyarestudyingmanypossiblecauses,includingagingandpoisonsintheenvironment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson"sdiseaseinsomepeople.Butsofar,thereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalwaysinherited.　　3Tremor(颤抖)maybethefirstsymptomyounotice.Itisoneofthemostcommonsignsofthedisease,125 althoughnoteveryonehasit.Tremoroftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthebody.Itmaybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg.Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.Intime,Parkinson"saffectsmusclesallthroughyourbody,soitcanleadtoproblemsliketroubleswallowingorconstipation(便秘).Inthelaterstagesofthedisease,apersonwithParkinson"smayhaveafixedorlankexpression,troublespeaking,andotherproblems.Somepeoplehaveadecreaseinmentalskills.　　4Atthistime,thereisnocureforParkinson"sdisease.Butthereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsandmakethediseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmayneedtotakeseveralmedicinestogetthebestresults.23.Paragraph1__________.24.Paragraph2__________.25.Paragraph3__________.26.Paragraph4__________.　　A.MeansofDiagnosisoftheDisease　　B.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease　　C.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease　　D.DefinitionofParkinson"sDisease　　E.PossiblecausesoftheDisease　　F.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease　　27.You"llfindithardtomovethewayyouwantto__________.28.Alotofresearchisbeingdonetofindout__________.29.OneofthemostcommonsignsofParkinson"sistremor__________.30.ApersonwithParkinson"shastolearntolivewiththedisease__________.　　A.whataffectsmusclesallthroughyourbody　　B.ifthereisn"tenoughdopamineinyourbody　　C.whichcannotbecuredyet　　D.whichmaybethefirstsymptomyounotice　　E.ifyouhaveafixedorblankexpression　　F.whatcausesParkinson"sdisease第4部分:阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分,共45分)　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。　　第一篇　　DoPatientsTrustDoctorsTooMuch　　Earlierthisyear,theAmericanCollegeofSurgeons,thenationalscientificandeducationalorganizationofsurgeonsconductedanationwidesurveythatfoundthattheaveragepatientdevotesanhourorlesstoresearchinghisorhersurgeryorsurgeon.Whileprospectivepatientsworryaboutthecostsorcomplicationsofanoperation,theydon"tnecessarilylookforinformationthatwouldaddresstheirconcerns.　　Infact,morethanathirdofpatientswhohadanoperationinthelastfiveyearsneverreviewedthecredentialsofthesurgeonwhooperated.Patientsaremorelikelytospendtimeresearchingajobchange(onaverage,about10hours)oranewcar(8hours)thantheoperationtheyareabouttosubmittoorthesurgeonwhowields(支配)theknife.Andmanypatientsaresatisfiedwiththeanswerstheyreceivefromtheirsurgeonsorprimarycaredoctors,whoeverthoseindividualshappentobe.　　Ifeltcuriousaboutthesurvey,soIcalledDr.ThomasRussell,executivedirectoroftheAmericanCollegeofSurgeons."Thereisatendencyforpatientsnottogetparticularlyinvolvedandnottofeelcompelledtolookintotheirsurgeryorsurgeons."Hetoldme.　　Thereareconsequencestothatkindofblindtrust."Today,medicineandsurgeryarereallyteamsports."Dr.125 Russellcontinued,"andthepatient,astheultimatedecisionmaker,isthemostimportantmemberoftheteam.Mistakescanhappen,andpatientshavetobeeducatedandmustunderstandwhatisgoingon."来源：考试大的美女编辑们　　Inotherwords,ahealthydoctor-patientrelationshipdoesnotsimplyentailgoodbedsidemannersandresponsibleofficemanagementonthepartofthedoctor.Italsorequiresthatpatientscometotherelationshipeducatedabouttheirdoctors,theirillnessesandtheirtreatment.　　"IfwearetrulygoingtoreformthehealthcaresystemintheUS,"Dr.Russellsaid,"everybodyhastoparticipateactivelyandmusteducatethemselves.Thatmeansdoctors,nurses,otherhealthcareprofessionals,lawyerspharmaceutical(制药的)companies,andinsurancecompanies.Butmostofall,itmeansthepatient."　　Trustisimportant.ButasSirFrancisBacon,whowasamongthefirsttounderstandtheimportanceofgatheringdatainscience,onceobserved,knowledgeispower.31.Accordingtotheauthor,patientsshouldspendmoretime_________.　　A.researchingtheAmericanCollegeofSurgeons　　B.researchingtheirsurgeryorsurgeons　　C.researchingnewcars　　D.researchingjobchanges32.Nowadayspatientsseemtohave_________.　　A.toomuchtrustintheirdoctors　　B.toomuchinformationabouttheirdoctors　　C.toolittlefaithintheirdoctors　　D.ahealthyrelationshipwiththeirdoctors33.Medicineandsurgeryarenowreallyteamsportsinwhich_________.　　A.patientsanddoctorsplayequallyimportantroles　　B.thepatientdoesnothaveanactiveroletoplay　　C.doctorshavethefinalsayinalmosteverything　　D.thepatienthasthemostimportantroletoplay34.Itiswrongtothinkthatahealthydoctor-patientrelationship_________.　　A.isdependentjustonthedoctor　　B.isagoalthatcanbeachieved　　C.entailsanyeffortonthepartofthepatient　　D.iswhatthepatienttrulydesires35.TheauthordoesNOTbelievein_________.　　A.lotsofscientificdata　　B.FrancisBacon　　C.blindtrust　　D.toomuchknowledge第二篇　　CTScansandLungCancer　　Smallorslow-growingnodules(小结节)discoveredonalungscanareunlikelytodevelopintotumorsoverthenexttwoyears,researchersreportedonWednesday.　　ThefindingsreportedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,couldhelpdoctorsdecidewhentodomoreaggressivetestingforlungcancer.Theycouldalsohelppatientsavoidunnecessarilyaggressiveandpotentiallyharmfultestingwhenlesions(损伤)found.　　Lungcancer,thebiggestcancerkillerintheUnitedStatesandglobally,isoftennotdiagnoseduntilithasspread.Itkills159,000peopleayearintheUnitedStatesalone.　　Theworkispartofalargerefforttodevelopguidelinestohelpdoctorsdecidewhattodowhensuchgrowths,125 oftendiscoveredbyaccident,appearinascan.　　High-tech(高技术的)X-rayscalledCTscanscandetecttumors-buttheyseeallsortsofotherblobs(模糊的一团)thatarenottumors,andoftentheonlywaytotellthedifferenceistotakeabiopsy(活检),adangerousprocedure.　　Atthemoment,routinelungcancerscreeningisconsideredimpracticalbecauseofitshighcostandbecausetoomanyhealthypeoplearecalledbackforfurthertesting.考试大论坛　　Goodguidelinecouldhelpmakelungcancerscreeningpractical,Dr.RobvanKiaverenoftheErasmusMedicalCenterinRotterdam,theNetherlands,wholedthenewstudy,saidinatelephoneinterview.　　Theteamlookedat7,557peopleathighriskforlungcancerbecausetheywerecurrentandformersmokers.Allreceivedmultidetector(多层螺旋)CTscansthatmeasuredthesizeofanysuspicious-lookingmodules.　　Volunteerswhohadnodulesover9.7mminwidth,orhadgrowthof4.6mmthatgrewfastenoughtomorethandoubleinvolumeevery400days,weresentforfurthertesting.Ofthe196peoplewhofellintothatcategory,70werefoundtohavelungcancer，10additionalcaseswerefoundyearslater.　　Butofthe7,361whotestednegativeduringscreeningonly20lungcancercaseslaterdeveloped.　　Inasecondroundofscreeningdoneoneyearafterthefirst,1.8percentweresenttothedoctorbecausetheyhadanodulethatwaslargeorfast-growing.Morethanhalfturnedouttohavelungcancer.　　Theresultmeansthatifthescreeningtestsaysyoudon"thavelungcancer,youprobablydon"t,theresearchersaid."Thechancesoffindinglungcanceroneandtwoyearsafteranegativefirst-roundtestwerelinl,000and3inl,000respectively,"theyconcluded.36.Thenewstudyindicatesthatincaseofsmallorslow-growinglungnodules_________.　　A.youcannotbetoocareful　　B.cancerisjustmatteroftime　　C.abiopsyisunnecessary　　D.moreaggressivetestingisamust37.WhichisprobablyNOTtrueoflungcancer?　　A.Smokersareusuallyconsideredtobeathighriskforit.　　B.Itistheleadingcauseofcancerdeathsaroundtheworld.　　C.159,000newcasesofitarediagnosedintheUSeachyear.　　D.Itoftengoesunnoticeduntilithasspread.38.Accordingtothepassage,goodguidelinesforlungcancerscreening________.　　A.arealittlebittoocostly　　B.donotexistyet　　C.arebeingimplemented　　D.havebeendeveloped39.AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT________.　　A.arelativelysmallnumberofthevolunteershadlargeorfast-growingnodules　　B.almostallthosewithlargeorfast-growingnoduleswerefoundtohavelungcancer　　C.allthevolunteerswereathighriskforlungcancer　　D.mostofthevolunteerstestednegativeduringscreening40.Intheeyesoftheresearchersthepercentagesgiveninthelastparagraph________.　　A.aresomewhatinaccurate　　B.areprettysmall　　C.areratherhigh　　D.arequiteunbelievable第三篇125 　　TheIceman　　OnaSeptemberdayin1991,twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly,highuponamountainpass,theyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight(10,499feet,or3,200meters),theiceisusuallypermanent,but1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface.　　Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton(骨架)wasinperfectcondition,exceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark(树皮)andaholderforarrows.　　Whowasthisman?Howandwhenhadhedied?Everybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.Somepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscentury,perhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarI,sinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfather,whohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholder,maybeevenathousandyearsold.　　Withmoderndatingtechniques,thescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5,300yearsold.Borninabout3300BC,helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.Morerecentevidence,however,tellsadifferentstory.AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskin,butitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswound,andnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead.Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwar,orhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself.　　Bystudyinghisclothesandtools,scientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheicemanaboutthetimeshelivedin.Wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhedied,buthehasgivenusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes.41.Thebodyoftheicemanwasfoundinthemountainsmainlybecause_________.　　A.themeltedicemadehimvisible转载自:考试大-[Examda.Com]　　B.hewasjustonamountainpass　　C.twoGermanswereclimbingthemountains　　D.hewaslyingontheice42.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?　　A.TheIcemanwasstruckdeadfrombehind.　　B.TheIcemancouldhavediedfromthewoundinthehead.　　C.TheIcemanwaskillingwhileworking.　　D.TheIcemanlivedapoorlife.43.AllthefollowingareassumptionsoncemadeabouttheIcemanEXCEPT_________.　　A.hewasaSwisswoman"slong-lostfather　　B.hecamefromItaly　　C.hewasasoldierinWorldWarI　　D.hewasbornaboutathousandyearsago44.ThescientistsmadethedeductionthattheIceman_________.　　A.hadgotawoundonthebackofhishead　　B.hadatinyholeinhisskincausinghisdeath　　C.washitintheshoulderbyanarrowhead　　D.wasprobablyinsome"kindofabattle45.Theword"bandits"inparagraph4couldbebestreplacedby_________.　　A.125 soldiers　　B.hunters　　C.robbers　　D.shooters第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）　　下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。　　KnowJustHowYouFeel　　DoyoufeelSad?Happy?Angry?Youmaythinkthatthewayyoushowtheseemotionsisunique.Well,thinkagain.Eventheexpressionofthemostpersonalfeelingscanbeclassified,accordingtoMindReading,aDVDdisplayingeverypossiblehumanemotion.Itdemonstrates412distinctwaysinwhichwefeel:thefirstvisualdictionaryofthehumanheart.　　Attemptstoclassifyexpressionsbeganinthemid-1800s,whenDarwindividedtheemotionsintosixtypes-anger,fear,sadness,disgust,surpriseandenjoyment.________(46)EveryotherfeelingwasthoughttoderivefromDarwin"ssmallgroup.Morecomplexexpressionofemotionwereprobablylearnedandthereforemorespecifictoeachculture.Butnowitisbelievedthatmanymorefacialexpressionsaresharedworldwide.________(47)ThemindReadingDVDisasystematicvisualrecord"oftheseexpressions.　　TheprojectwasconductedbyaCambridgeprofessorasanaidforpeoplewithautism(孤独症),whohavedifficultybothreadingandexpressingemotions.Butitquicklybecameapparentthatithadbroaderuses.Actorsandteachers,forexample,needtounderstandawiderangeofexpressions.Theprofessorandhisresearchteamfirsthadtodefinean"emotion".________(48)Usingthisdefinition,1,512emotiontermswereidentifiedanddiscussed.Thislistwaseventuallyreducedt0412,from"afraid"to"wanting".{来源：考{试大}　　Oncetheseemotionsweredefinedandclassified,aDVDseemedtheclearestandmostefficientwaytodisplaythem.InMindReading,eachexpressionisactedoutbysixdifferentactorsinthreeseconds._________(49)Theexplanationforthisissimple:wemayfinditdifficulttodescribeemotionsusingwords,butweinstantlyrecognizeonewhenweseeitonsomeone"sface."Itwasreallyclearwhentheactorshadgotitright,"saysCathyCollis,whodirectedtheDVD."Althoughtheyweregivensomedirection,"saysMsCollis,"theactorswerenottoldwhichfacialmusclestheyshouldmove._________(50)"Forexample,whensomeonefeelscontemptyoucan"tsayforcertainthattheireyebrowsalwaysgodown.　　SomeonewhohastriedtoestablishsuchrulesistheAmerican,ProfessorPaulEkman,whohasbuiltadatabaseofhowthefacemovesforeveryemotion.Thefacecanmake43distinctmusclemovementscalled"actionunits".Thesecanbecombinedintomorethan10,000visiblefacialshapes.Ekmanhaswrittenoutapattemoffacialmuscularmovementstorepresenteachemotion.　　A.Hesaidthattheexpressionofthesefeelingswasuniversalandrecognizablebyanyone,fromanyculture.　　B.Anyothermethodofshowingallthe412emotions,suchaswords,wouldhavebeenfarlesseffective.　　C.Researchhasalsobeendonetofindoutwhichareasofthebrainreademotionalexpressions.　　D.Theydecidedthatitwasamentalstatethatcouldbeprecededby"Ifeel"or"helooks"or"shesounds".　　E.Wethoughtoftryingtodescribeeachemotion,butitwouldhavebeenalmostimpossibletomakeclearrulesforthis.　　F.Theseparticularmusclesaredifficulttocontrol,andfewpeoplecandoit.第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）　　下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。　　SkinCancer　　Melanoma(黑素瘤),thedeadliestkindofskincancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin________(51)Britishwomen,thecountry"sleadingcancerorganizationsaidWednesday.Skincancerhas_______(52)cervical(子宫颈的)cancerasthetopcancerstrikingwomenintheir20s,accordingtothelatestdatafromCancerResearchUnited125 Kingdom.　　Thetrendisparticularly_______(53)sinceyoungerpeoplearenotgenerallythosemostsusceptible(易患的)tomelanoma.Ratesofskincancerare_______(54)highestinpeopleoverage75.　　Butexpertsworrythatincreasingnumbersofyoungerpeoplebeingdiagnosedwithskincancercouldbethe_______(55)ofadangeroustrend.Womenintheir20smake_______(56)asmallpercentageofallpatientsdiagnosedwithmelanomainBritain,butnearlyathirdofallcasesoccurinpeopleyoungerthan50.　　BasedoncurrentnumbersCancerResearchUKpredictsthatmelanomawillbecomethefourth_______(57)commoncancerformenandwomenofallagesby2024,andthatcaseswilljumpfromabout9,0000casesayeartomorethan15,500.　　Cancerexperts_______(58)therisingnumberofskincancercaseslargelytothesurgeinpeopleusingtanningsalons."Spendingtimeonsunbedsisjustas_______(59)asstayingouttoolonginthesun,"saidCarolineCernyofCancerResearchUK.TheorganizationisstartingaSunSmart_______(60)towarnBritonsofthedangersofbeingtoobronzed.　　"Theintensityofultravioletraysinsomesunbedscanbemorethan10_______(61)strongerthanthemiddaysun,"Cernysaid.　　IntheUnitedStates,severalstatesrequireparentalapproval_______(62)minorscanusetanningsalons.Wisconsinbanspeople16and_______(63)fromusingtanningbeds,andothersbanchildrenunder14.Atleast29stateshaveregulationsgoverningminorsuseoftanningsalons.　　IntheUK,Scottishpoliticianspassedlegislationbanningtheseunder18fromusingtanningbeds,thoughithasn"tyetbeenimplemented.Therearenoplansfor_______(64)intherestoftheUK.来源：考试大的美女编辑们　　TheworldHealthOrganizationhaspreviouslyrecommendedthattanningbedsberegulatedbecauseoftheirpotentialtodamageDNAintheskin.　　Expertssaidmostdeadlyskincancerscouldbe______(65)ifpeopletooktheproperprecautionswheninthesunandavoidedtanningbeds.　　51.A.youngB.marriedC.middle-agedD.elderly　　52.A.overtakenB.overseenC.overlookedD.overwhelmed　　53.A.encouragingB.misleadingC.worryingD.booming　　54.A.occasionallyB.hopefullyC.surprisinglyD.typically　　55.A.lineB.pointC.turnD.start　　56.A.upB.onC.offD.to　　57.A.mostB.moreC.veryD.much　　58.A.allocateB.associateC.contributeD.attribute　　59.A.ineffectiveB.dangerousC.exhaustingD.comfortable　　60.A.executionB.campaignC.reactionD.conquest　　61.A.degreesB.ranksC.timesD.steps　　62.A.untilB.whileC.beforeD.although　　63.A.lessB.beneathC.lowerD.under　　64.A.debateB.cautionC.legislationD.approval　　65.A.avoidedB.diagnosedC.predictedD.treated2010年全国职称英语卫生类（A级）考试参考答案　　第1部分：词汇选项　　1．D[解析]这句话的意思是"我想给我的男孩们提供体面的教育。"句中"decent"意为"得体的，相当好的"。四个选项中A项意为"私人的，个人的"，如，ThepresidentispayingaprivatevisittoEurope．总统正在对欧洲做私人访问。B项意为"特别的，特殊的"，如，Sheisaspecialfriendofmine．她是我一个特别亲密的朋友。C项意为"整体的，概括的"，如，Pleasegivemeageneralideaofthe125 work．请告诉我这项工作的梗概。D项意为"好的"，因此只有D项符合题意。　　2．B[解析]这句话的意思是"低税收将会刺激投资并且有助于经济增长。"句中"spur"意为"刺激，促进"，如，Whatspurredhertodothat?是什么促使她那么干的?四个选项中A项意为"吸引"，如，Theflowershowattractedlargecrowdsthisyear．今年的花展吸引了大批观众。B项意为"鼓励"。C项意为"花费"，如，Howdoyouspendyoursparetime?你业余时间怎么打发?D项意为"要求"，如，Allpassengersarerequiredtoshowtheirtickets．所有乘客都必须出示车票。因此只有B项符合题意。　　3．C[解析]这句话的意思是"陡峭的楼梯对老年人来说是很危险的。"句中"hazard"意为"危险，危害"，如，Thecarhaditshazardwarninglightson．这辆汽车亮起了危险信号灯。四个选项中A项意为"证据"，如，Therewasn"tenoughevidencetoprovehisguilt．没有充分的证据能证明他有罪。B项意为"事件，案件"，如，Inyourcase，wearepreparedtobelenient．根据你的情况，我们拟予以从宽处理。C项意为"危险"，如，Violentcriminalslikethatareadangertosociety．那种暴力罪犯对社会是一种危害。D项意为"图片"。因此只有C项符合题意。考试大论坛　　4．D[解析]这句话的意思是"这个项目需要十年的勤奋调查。"句中"diligent"意为"勤劳的，勤奋的"，如，Johnismorediligentthananyoneelseinhisclass．约翰比班上其他的同学用功。四个选项中A项意为"科学的"，如，Scientificknowledgewaspervertedtohelpcausedestructionandwar．科学知识被滥用于破坏和战争。B项意为"基础的"，如，Food，clothingandshelterareallbasicnecessitiesoflife．衣、食、住所是生活的基本必需品。C项意为"社会的"，如，Herresearchiscenteredonthesocialeffectsofunemployment．她的研究课题是失业对社会的影响。D项意为"勤劳的，刻苦的"，如，Heis，sotospeak，ahardworkingstudent．他可以说是个用功的学生。因此只有D项符合题意。　　5．D[解析]这句话的意思是"这两家银行已经宣布了明年的合并计划。"句中"merge"意为"合并，兼并"，如，Thebankmergedwithitsmajorrival．该银行与其主要对手合并了。四个选项中A项意为"打破"，如，Thewindowbrokeintopieces．窗户碎成碎片。B项意为"关闭"。C项意为"卖"。D项意为"合并"，如，Hecombinescreativeimaginationandtruescholarship．他同时具有创造性想象力和真正的治学严谨学风。因此只有D项符合题意。　　6．C[解析]这句话的意思是"几分钟内他就批驳了我的论点。"句中"demolish"意为"批驳，粉碎"，如，Herarticlebrilliantlydemolisheshisargument．她的文章精辟地批驳了他的论点。四个选项中A项意为"提出反证"，如，Inhislatestbook，hewritesthatthetheoryhasbeendisproved．他在最近写的书里说那种理论已被证明不正确。B项意为"接受"，如，Itisgenerallyacceptedthatsmokingisharmfultoourhealth．吸烟有害健康，这是大家公认的。C项意为"辩驳，质疑"，如，Hishonestyisbeyonddispute．他的诚实是无可争议的。D项意为"支持"，如，Whichfootballteamdoyousupport?你支持哪个足球队?因此只有C项符合题意。　　7．B[解析]这句话的意思是"她父亲是位举止优雅、不爱说话的人。"句中"graceful"意为"优雅的"，如，Hereverymovementisverygraceful．她的一举一动都很优雅。四个选项中A项意为"相似的"，如，Thetwobuildingsaresimilaronthewhole．从整体来看，这两幢楼是相似的。B项意为"礼貌的，文雅的"，如，Hispolitemannersbespokethegentleman．他那彬彬有礼的举止显出他是个绅士。C项意为"经常的"，如，Hisspeechfollowedtheusualpattern．他按照通常的方式讲话。D项意为"坏的"。因此只有B项符合题意。　　8．C[解析]这句话的意思是"社工的定期看望对老年人来说相当重要。"句中"immense"意为"巨大的，广大的"，如，Herservicestothestatehavebeenimmense．她对国家的贡献极大。四个选项中A项意为"适度的，中等的"，如，Heusuallydrivesatamoderatespeed．他通常中速驾驶。B项意为"平等的"，如，Womendemandequalpayforequalwork．妇女要求同工同酬。C项意为"巨大的"。D项意为"立刻的"，如，Thisworkdemandsyourimmediateatten．tion．这项工作急需你立即处理。因此只有C项符合题意。　　9．A[解析]这句话的意思是"他对于没能完成学业的原因说得非常含糊。"句中"vague"意为"模糊的，不明确的"，如，Hisvagueideascrystallizedintoadefiniteplan．他那些模糊的想法变成了一个明确的计划。四个选项中A项意为"不清楚的"。B项意为"坏的"。C项意为"明亮的，聪明的"，如，ThebrightmoonlightshowedtheTajMahalinallitsglory．泰姬陵在明亮的月光下显得光彩夺目。D项意为"通常的，概括的"。因此只有A项符合题意。　　10．D[解析]这句话的意思是"他被拘禁在监狱的可怕环境里。"句中"appalling"意为"可怕的，令人震惊的"，如，Nothingcanextenuatesuchappallingbehaviour．这种骇人听闻的行径罪无可恕。四个选项中A项意为"批评的，挑剔的"，如，Theinquiry,vascriticalofherwork．该项调查对她的工作提出了批评。B项意为"需要的"，如，Isitnecessaryformetoattendthemeeting?我真的必须参加这个会议吗?C项意为"正常的"，如，Sherefusedtoconformtothenormalsocialconventions．她拒绝遵从正常的社会习俗。D项意为"可怕的"。因此只有D项符合题意。　　11．C[解析]这句话的意思是"我再也不能忍受邻居的噪音了，快把我逼疯了。"句中"putupwith"意为"忍受"，如，I"mnotgoingtoputupwithyourcheek!我可不想容忍你这个厚脸皮。四个选项中A项意为"产生"，如，Thishatredwasgeneratedby125 racialprejudice．这种仇恨是由种族偏见引起的。B项意为"测量"，如，Hemeasuredthelengthoftheroom．他量了房间的长度。C项意为"忍受"，如，Hecouldnottoleratetheextremesofheatinthedesert．他忍受不住沙漠的酷热。D项意为"降低，减少"，如，Heistryingtoreducethefamily"sexpenses．他正尽力减少家庭开支。因此只有C项符合题意。　　12．A[解析]这句话的意思是"我喜欢这场剧，它有巧妙的情节和令人发笑的对白。"句中"funny"意为"令人发笑的"，如，Heclosedhisspeechwithafunnyjoke．他用一则有趣的笑话结束了演讲。四个选项中A项意为"幽默的"，如，Indeedhehasasolemnface，butheisveryhumorousatheart．他的确有一副严肃的脸孔。但内心却是很富幽默感。B项意为"枯燥的"，如，Thisisoneofthefewgratificationsofanotherwiseboringjob．这是枯燥的工作中少有的一项乐趣。C项意为"长的"。D项意为"原创的，最初的"，如，TheoriginalpictureisintheBritishMuseum．这幅画的原作在大英博物馆内。因此只有A项符合题意。　　13．D[解析]这句话的意思是"你的狗每天需要至少20分钟充沛的训练。"句中"vigorous"意为"精力充沛的，有力的"，如，Thoughnearly50，hewasexceptionallyvigorousinwork．别看他快五十岁了，工作却是雷厉风行。四个选项中A项意为"自由的"。B项意为"定期的"，如，Hispulseisnotveryregular．他的脉搏不很规则。C项意为"体力的"。D项意为"精力充沛的"，如，Iliketotakesomeenergeticexerciseatweekend．我喜欢在周末做些剧烈运动。因此只有D项符合题意。　　14．C[解析]这句话的意思是"我们的安排完全乱了。"句中"turmoil"意为"混乱，骚动"，如，Icouldn"tthink，mymindwasinacompleteturmoil．我无法思考，我的脑子里一片混乱。四个选项中A项意为"放松，减轻"，如，Itisagreatrelieftohaverainafteralongtimeofdrought．长期的干旱之后有雨是一大慰藉。B项意为"怀疑"，如，Shewasbeyondalldoubtthefinestbal．1efinaofherday．她无疑是她那个时代最优秀的芭蕾舞演员。C项意为"混乱"，如，Theroomwasinconfusionafterthebirthdayparty．生日晚会之后，房间里一片混乱。D项意为"失败"。因此只有C项符合题意。　　15．B[解析]这句话的意思是"帕崔西娅愤恨地看着其她女孩。"句中"resentment"意为"怨恨，愤恨"，如，Anill-temperedpersonisfullofresentmentandstubbornnotions．脾气坏的人满怀怨恨、观念顽固。四个选项中A项意为"怀疑"。B项意为"气愤"，如，Icouldn"trestrainmyanger．我无法抑制我的愤怒。C项意为"爱"。D项意为"惊讶"，如，Itwasapleasantsurprisetolearnofhermarriage．得知她结婚是件令人惊喜的事。因此只有B项符合题意。第2部分：阅读判断　　16．A[解析]即该句表述正确。从第一段我们知道调查显示刚退休的人健康状况都有好转，他们更声称自己年轻了8岁。而第二段告诉我们有少部分人不认为自己健康有所改善。17．B[解析]即该句表述不正确。从第三段我们了解到工作会给年龄大的人带来额外的负担，并且对健康有很大的影响，因此不能像要求年轻人一样要求他们。　　18．C[解析]即文中并未提到。通读本文，作者并未提到老年工作者与年轻工作者如何相处的话题。　　19．C[解析]即文中并未提及。文中并未谈到欧洲人是否比其他地方的人老得快。　　20．A[解析]即该句表述正确。从第五段和第六段我们知道该研究针对的是退休前退休后的老人对自己健康状况的自述。因此该句是正确的。　　21．B[解析]即该句表述不正确。从第五段我们知道该调查是对法国老人健康的调查。　　22．C[解析]即文中并未提及。文章并未提到这项研究的发现是否适用于全世界。　　参考译文　　退休给大部分人一个改善健康的机会　　一份新的来自欧洲的调查显示，刚退休的人自言健康状况得到了很大改善，以至于大部分人感觉自己年轻了8岁。　　几乎每个人都认同这个令人愉快的消息，除了一少部分人--他们仅占被测全体人员的2％，无论怎样，这些人都经历过职业生涯的完美状态。　　11月9日在网络版《柳叶刀》杂志上刊登了一项研究，其主要作者Hugowesterlund说："结果说明以下三点：(1)工作给年纪大的劳动者带来额外的负担，(2)额外负担对身体产生的影响因为退休而得到缓解，(3)在工作环境恶化的情况下身体上的额外负担和退休所带来的缓解都会更大。这也说明出于健康的考虑，我们需要为上年纪的工人提供机会以降低对他们工作的要求。"　　westerluncl在瑞典斯德哥尔摩大学压力研究学院主持流行病学的研究，他同时补充说：125 "并不是所有年纪大的工人健康状况都不好。很多人非常健康且适宜工作。但随着年纪越来越大每个人早晚都得减缓生活的脚步。"　　上周，同_研究团队的报告指出工人们退休后比退休前睡得更好。Westerlunci说，退休后睡眠质量的提高说明睡眠质量可能是影响工作和身体状况之间关系的介质。　　这一研究调查的是15，000位法国工人对于退休前7年和退休后7年身体状况的自述，他们大多都是男性。　　随着参与调查的对象越来越接近退休年龄，他们对自身健康的认知在降低，但是在退休的第一年这一认知又提高了。　　自称身体状况差的人从退休前一年的19．2％降到退休后第一年底的14．3％。据调查人员说这意味着退休后身体差的比率回到了8年前对他们考察的水平。　　无论男女，无论从事何种职业，都存在这种变化，它会持续到不用打卡上下班后的第一个7年。　　研究小组还发现那些退休前身体状况不佳，或工作条件差的人退休后身体状况改善的幅度更大。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子　　23．D[解析]即帕金森综合征的定义。本段的中心意思是告诉大家什么是帕金森氏综合征。　　24．E[解析]即导致疾病产生的可能原因。本段主要探讨的是这种疾病发生的原因。　　25．F[解析]即疾病的典型症状。本段告诉我们帕金森氏综合征的一些典型的病症，如颤抖、吞咽困难及便秘，等等。　　26．C[解析]即通常的治疗方法。从本段我们知道，虽然还不能治愈，但是通过几种药物是可以控制患者的病症的。　　27．B[解析]即如果你不再有足够的多巴胺就会发现你想随心所欲的行动变得困难。根据第一段我们知道这里应该选B。　　28．F[解析]即科学家做了很多研究试图发现导致帕金森综合征的病因。从第二段的叙述我们知道应该选F。　　29．D[解析]即帕金森病最常见的病症是颤抖，它可能是你发现的第一个症状。从第三段的叙述我们知道应该选D。　　30．C[解析]患帕金森综合征的人必须得学会同这种疾病共处，因为现在人们还无法治愈它。从最后一段我们得知应该选择C项。　　参考译文　　帕金森氏综合征　　帕金森氏综合征会影响你行动的方式。当大脑的某些神经细胞出现问题时，这种疾病就会爆发。正常情况下，这些神经细胞会产生一种叫多巴胺的重要的化学物质。多巴胺会向你的大脑中控制行为的部分发出信号。它使你的肌肉能活动自如，做你想做的事。一旦你患上帕金森氏综合征，这些神经细胞就会出问题。接着，你不再有足够的多巴胺，并开始行动困难。　　没人知道什么促使这些神经细胞出现问题。但是，科学家们做了很多研究来寻找答案。他们研究了很多可能的病因，包括年龄老化和环境污染。在某些人身上，似乎是不正常的基因导致了帕金森氏综合征的发病。但是目前没有足够的证据表明它是遗传的。　　颤抖可能是你注意到的第一个症状。虽然并不是每一位患者都有这种症状，但是它是这种疾病最常见的表现之一。更重要的是，并不是每一个颤抖的人都患有帕金森氏综合征。颤抖往往从一条胳膊，一条腿或身体的一侧开始。这种情况在你醒着但是没有移动受影响的胳膊或者腿时更严重些。但是当你移动肢体或睡眠时情况会有所缓和。不久，帕金森氏综合征会影响你的全身肌肉，导致吞咽困难及便秘。在疾病后期，患这种病的人可能会有表情僵化，言语困难及其他一些问题。一些患者也会思维退化。　　现在还没有办法治愈帕金森氏综合征。但是有几种药物能控制症状并让患者好受些。如果你的症状很轻微的话，你可能根本不需要治疗。直到你的症状影响到你的日常生活方式时，医生才会给你开药。伴随着你的症状的恶化，医生将会调整用药。为了得到最好的疗效你得吃几种药。第4部分：阅读理解　　第一篇　　31．B[解析]本题是细节题。从第一段和第二段的表述中我们知道，有三分之一的患者不愿花时间对手术和做手术的医生进行调查，这比他们在换一份新工作或一辆新车上花的时间还要少。　　32．A[解析]本题是理解题。从第四段我们知道，患者对医生有一种盲目的信任。　　33．D[解析]本题是细节题。从第四段我们知道，在治疗的团队里，患者是最重要的成员。　　34．A[解析]本题是理解题。文章通篇在讨论的是患者对医生及手术缺乏了解，及健康的医患关系应当包含患者的参与。因此A项提到的健康的医患关系只依赖医生是错误的，因此选A。来源：www.examda.com　　35．C[解析]本题是细节理解题。最后一段，作者提到培根是为了验证知识很重要的观点，因此他肯定是相信培根及培根的观点的，唯独不相信的是盲目的信任，因此选C。　　参考译文　　患者太相信医生了吗125 　　今年早些时候，全国外科医生科研教育组织--美国外科医生联合会进行了一项全国性的调查，发现平均每个患者花一小时或者更少的时间研究他或者她的外科手术或外科医生。即将入院的人会担心手术的费用和复杂程度，但不一定会去查找能解决他们的忧虑的信息。　　实际上，在过去5年里动过手术的患者中有三分之一还多的人从没有仔细核查过为他们做手术的医生的从业资格。患者更倾向于花时间调查一份新工作(平均花10小时)或一辆新车(8小时)而不是他们马上要申请做的手术或向他们挥舞手术刀的医生。而且很多患者对他们从外科医生或者护理医生那里得到的回答都很满意，无论他们咨询的对象是谁，结果也会是这样。　　我对这项调查很感兴趣，因此就打电话给美国外科医生联合会的行政主管ThomasRussell大夫。他告诉我："患者们确实不想参与过多或者不想感到被强迫着调查他们的手术或医生。"　　这种盲目的信任会导致几种结果。ThomasRussell医生继续说道："今天，医疗和外科手术都是团队协作的。而患者是最终做决定的人，是这个团队中最重要的成员。确实会有失误，患者必须被指导并且了解正在进行的事情。"　　换而言之，一种健康的医患关系不是简单的医生对病人良好的态度或是对医生负责任的办公室管理机制。它还需要患者真正走入这种关系，使他们对医生、自己患的疾病以及治疗方法都有了解。　　Russell医生说："如果我们真要改革美国的医疗保障制度，每个人都应该积极参与并教育自己。这对医生、护士、其他的医疗保障专家、制药公司的律师及保险公司都有重大意义。然而，最重要的是对患者有意义。"　　信任很重要。佛朗西斯·培根是最早理解科学上收集数据重要性的人之一。正像他曾经观察到的：知识就是力量。　　第二篇　　36．C[解析]本题是细节题。根据第一段的叙述我们知道肺部扫描发现的小的生长缓慢的结节在其后的两年里不会发展成肿瘤。因此活检或是进一步的检查是不需要的。　　37．C[解析]本题是细节题。选项A、B、D在文中第三和第八段中都提到过，而选项C所讲的159，000人被确诊肺癌不符合第二段中提到的159，000人死于肺癌的事实。　　38．D[解析]本题是细节题。根据文章第四段我们知道专家们正在发展完善对医生的指导方针。　　39．B[解析]本题是细节题。根据文章第十一段我们知道A项正确、B项错误；由第八段知C项正确；由第十段知D项正确。　　40．B[解析]本题是理解题。根据最后一段，我们知道这个患病比率在专家那里是忽略不计的，如果检查表明你没有患肺癌，你就可能不会得。参考译文　　CT扫描与肺癌　　周三调查者们报道，肺部扫描发现的小的生长缓慢的结节在其后的两年里不会发展成肿瘤。　　新英格兰医学杂志上刊登的这些发现有助于医生决定何时做更进一步的肺癌检测。同时也能帮助患者避免在发现损伤时做不必要的进一步的或潜在的有伤害的检查。　　作为美国甚至全世界最大的癌症杀手，肺癌常常是直到扩散时才被诊断出。每年，仅仅在美国就有159，000人死于肺癌。　　这项工作是致力于完善指导方针工作的一部分，意在帮助医生决定对扫描中常常偶然发现的这种肿块采取何种措施。　　被称为CT扫描的高科技x射线能够探测到肿瘤--但它们探测到的是模糊一团。区别的唯一办法是一种非常危险的程序，即活检。　　现在，常规的肺癌检查被认为是不实际的，因为它花费高，而且很多健康的人被召回做更进一步的检查。　　荷兰鹿特丹Erasmus医学中心指导这项新研究的Robvankiaveren医生在电话采访中说好的指导方针能让肺癌检查更实用。　　这个研究小组检查了7，557位肺癌高患病风险者，因为他们现在或曾经是烟民。所有人都接受了多层螺旋CT扫描，这种扫描能测量任何可疑块状物的尺寸。　　那些有9．7毫米宽小结节的或有在400天里体积增长超过一倍的4．6毫米宽肿块的志愿会接受更进一步的检查。这个类别的196人中有70人发现患了肺癌，10人几年后发现肺癌。　　但是检查中7，361位查出阴性的志愿者中仅有20例患了肺癌。　　第一次检查一年后的第二轮检查中，有1．8％的人因为有大的结节或结节生长过快而被送去就医。这其中超过一半的人最终患了肺癌。　　调查人员说，这一结果表明，如果检查表明你没有患肺癌，你就可能不会得。他们总结说："在第一轮检查后是阴性的患者一年及两年后患肺癌的几率是1：1000和3：1000。"　　第三篇125 　　41．A[解析]本题是细节考查题。从第一段中我们知道因为天气暖和，冰雪消融，冰人才露了出来。而其他几项所列原因都不是主要原因。　　42．B[解析]本题是理解题。根据第二段的细节描写，我们推测他可能是因为头上的伤而致死的。　　43．B[解析]本题是细节题。根据文章第三段我们知道只有选项B没有提及。　　44．D[解析]本题是理解题。本题其余的选项都是事实而不是推断。　　45．C[解析]本题是理解题。由上下文推测该词的意思是"强盗"。　　参考译文　　冰人　　1991年9月的一天，两个德国人正在攀登位于奥地利和意大利之间的山脉，在山上一处要隘发现了一具躺在冰上的尸体。在那个高度(10，499英尺，3，200米)，山上是常年结冰的，但是1991年特别温暖。山上的冰比往年融化得多，因此尸体就出现在冰面上了。　　这具尸体面部朝下。除了头上的伤外，骨骼很完整。骨头上仍然保留着皮肤和衣物的残留。手上攥着一把斧头的木头把，脚上还穿着皮革布料制成的靴子。旁边还有一双树皮制成的手套和一个箭托。　　这人是谁?他怎么样死的?何时死的?每个人对这些问题都有不同的回答。一些人认为这是本世纪死于第一次世界大战的士兵的尸体，因为这一区域有好几个士兵的尸体被发现了。　　一位瑞士妇女认为那人是她父亲，他二十多年前死于这片山峦上而且尸体从未被找到过。蜂拥而至察看这具尸体的科学家们认为它的年代更久远，也许有一千多年了。　　用现代断代技术，科学家们很快就发现这个冰人大约有5，300岁了。生于公元前3300年，他生活在青铜器时代的欧洲。最初，科学家们认为他可能是一位死于高山上一场意外的猎户。然而更多的证据却显示了一个完全不同的故事。一种新型的x射线显示他的肩膀上仍然插着一个箭头。它仅在他的皮肤上留下了微小的孔，但是却导致体内损伤和出血。他基本上肯定是由于这个伤口致死，而不是死于头后部的伤口。这表明他可能死于某场战斗中。也许这是一场大战役的一部分，或者他是死于同强盗搏斗中。又或者他本身就是一个强盗。　　通过研究他的衣物和工具，科学家们得到了很多关于他生活的年代的信息。虽然我们永远都不会知道他是如何死的，但是他却已经让我们了解了很多关于那个遥远年代的重要历史线索。第5部分：补全短文　　46．A[解析]本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。上句是说"达尔文将情绪分为6种类型--愤怒，害怕，悲伤，厌恶，惊奇和欣赏。"下句肯定是于此相关的，A项里的he指代的就是达尔文，因此只能选A。　　47．C[解析]本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。前面讲了对人的感情表达上的研究，后面就要提到在这一领域其他方面的研究。　　48．D[解析]本句之前提到了教授和他的研究团队为"情感"下定义，根据上下文的意思，推断此句应为情感的具体定义。这里只有D项符合题意。　　49．B[解析]后面一句是对这一句的解释，讲的是从人脸上辨认情绪要比从语言描述中辨认更容易，因此只有B项合适。　　50．F[解析]前面讲的是虽然演员们会接受某些指导，但是不会确切去指示他们动哪里的面部肌肉。与此相关的仅有F选项。　　参考译文　　知道你是如何想的125 　　你感到悲伤吗?还是幸福?或者愤怒呢?也许你认为自己表现这些感情的方式是独一无二的。好，再想想。根据一个读懂思维仪器，即可展现每一种可能的人类情感的DVD，就算是最个人的情感表情也可以被归类。它展示了412种我们感觉到的不同方式：是第一部人类内心的视觉词典。　　对情感归类尝试始于19世纪中叶，那时达尔文将情绪分为6种类型--愤怒，害怕，悲伤，厌恶，惊奇和欣赏。他说这些感觉的表达对来自任何文化的每个人来讲都是一样的，是可辨认的。所有其它感觉都源于达尔文确定的这几种类型。更复杂些的情绪表达也可能被认，因此对每种文化而言更具体。但是人们认为更多的面部表情是世界性的。也有研究是为了找到大脑中理解感情表达的区域。读懂思维DVD是对这些表情的系统视觉收录。　　由剑桥大学的一位教授实施的这项计划是为了帮助患孤独症的人，他们在理解别人和表达自己的感情方面都有困难。但是很快这项计划显示出更广泛的用途。比如，演员和教师需要了解各种各样的表情。这位教授同他的研究团队首先给"情感"下了定义。他们将其定义为：情感是一种含有"我觉得"或"他看起来"以及"她听起来"意味的思想状态。利用这个定义，有1，512个情感术语被鉴定和讨论。最终列举到名单上的术语降到从"担心"到"需要"的412个。　　一旦这些情感被定义和归类，DVD成了最清楚最有效的展现它们的方式。在读懂思维里，每个表情都由6个不同的演员在三秒内完成。任何其他表现这412种表情的方式，例如，说话，都远远不如它有效。原因很简单：我们可能觉得用话语描述感情很困难，但是我们在看到一个人脸上的表情时会立刻认出来。这部DVD的导演CathyCollis说："当演员们表演准确时表情就特别明显。虽然他们会接受某些指导，但是不会被确切告知动哪里的面部肌肉。"这些具体的肌肉是很难控制的，没几个人能做到。比如，当人们感觉你不确定某事时，他们的眉毛总是向下。　　有人试图创建一些规范，他就是美国的PaulEkman教授。他已经为每种表情创建了一个数据库。面部可以做出43种被称为"运动单元"的不同的肌肉动作。这些肌肉动作可以被融入10，000多个可视的面部轮廓里。Ekman已经描述出了代表每一种情感的面部肌肉动作的模式。第6部分：完形填空　　51．A[解析]由第一段的最后一句我们知道这项新发现是关于20多岁的年轻女子的，因此只能选A。　　52．A[解析]该句是说皮肤癌已经超过宫颈癌成为危害20多岁女性的最大癌症杀手。oveltake意思是"赶上，超过"；oversee意思是"监管，监督"；overlook意思是"忽略，忽视"；ovetwhelm意思是"打击，压倒"。　　53．C[解析]该句讲的是这一趋势特别令人担忧，因为年轻人并不是最容易患黑素瘤的人群。其他几个选项不符合句意。encouraging"使人鼓舞的"；misleading"误导人的"；booming"迅速发展的"。　　54．D[解析]前一句讲到年轻人患该病不同寻常，后一句肯定要讲通常情况是如何的。occasionallly"偶然的"；hopefully"有希望的"；surprisingly"令人惊讶的"；typically"通常的，典型的"，因此选D。　　55．D[解析]该句的意思是专家担心越来越多的年轻人被诊断患有皮肤癌也许是一个危险的趋势的开始。其他选项都不符合句意。　　56．A[解析]makeup是固定搭配"占……的比重"；makeon"在某方面获利"；makeoff"离开，逃走"；maketo没有这种搭配。因此只能选A。　　57．A[解析]固定说法，序数词跟形容词或副词最高级搭配，该句意思是英国癌症研究会预测到2024年黑素瘤将成为所有年龄段的男性和女性中第四大癌症。　　58．D[解析]短语attributeto的意思是"归因于"，该句讲的是癌症专家将皮肤癌病例的激增归因于对晒黑美容沙龙偏爱人数的增多。allocate意思是"分配"；associate意思是"联系"：contribute意思是"做贡献"。　　59．B[解析]本句是说花时间躺在太阳床上跟在太阳底下待的时间太长一样危险。ineffective意思是"无效果的"；eXImusting意思是"令人精疲力竭的"；comfortable意思是"令人舒服的"。　　60．B[解析]campaign意思是"运动，斗争"，该句意思是该研究会将开展聪明的太阳运动来警告那些晒得太黑的英国人。execuIion意思是"处死"；reaction"反应"；conquest意思是"击败，征服"，都不符合句意。　　61．C[解析]该句是说一些太阳床上紫外线的密集程度是正午太阳的十倍还多。表示倍数的只有time，因此只能选C。　　62．C[解析]该句是说有几个州要求年轻人去晒黑美容前要得到父母的允许。因此只能选C。　　63．D[解析]表示16岁以下只能用under，因此选D。　　64．C[解析]这里是拿英国的情况同美国做比较，英国除了苏格兰外其它地方并没有相应的立法。这里只能选C。　　65．A[解析]该句意思是如果人们在太阳下采取正确的防范措施或避免使用晒黑床，大部分致命的皮肤癌是可以避免的。diagnose意思是"诊断"；predicte"预测"；treate"治疗"，都不符合句意．因此选A。　　参考译文　　皮肤癌　　周三国内顶尖的癌症组织声称黑素瘤--一种最致命的皮肤癌现在已经成为英国年轻女性中最常见的癌症。根据英国癌症研究会的最新数据，皮肤癌已经超过宫颈癌，成为危害20多岁女性的最大癌症杀手。　　这一趋势特别令人担忧，因为年轻人并不是最容易患黑素瘤的人群。通常皮肤癌患病率最高的是75岁以上的人群。　　然而专家担心越来越多的年轻人被诊断患有皮肤癌也许是一个危险的趋势的开始。在英国20多岁的女性患者仅占所有被确诊病患的一小部分，但是所有案例中的近三分之一是50岁以下的人群。　　基于现在的数据，英国癌症研究会预测到2024年黑素瘤将成为所有年龄段的男性和女性中第四大癌症，而且发病率会从每年9，000例增至15，500多例。　　癌症专家将皮肤癌病例的激增归因于对晒黑美容沙龙偏爱人数的增多。英国癌症研究会的Caroline125 Cemy说："花时间躺在太阳床上跟在太阳底下待的时间太长一样危险。"该研究会将开展聪明的太阳运动来警告那些晒得太黑的英国人。　　Cerny还说："一些太阳床上紫外线的密集程度是正午太阳的十倍还多。"　　在美国，有几个州要求未成年人去晒黑美容前要得到父母的允许。威斯康星州禁止16岁及以下的孩子使用晒黑床，而其它州则禁止14岁以下的孩子使用。至少有29个州对未成年人使用晒黑床有规范限制。　　在英国，虽然苏格兰政府已经通过立法禁止18周岁以下的青少年使用晒黑床，但是还没有正式执行。而英国其它地方还没有这方面立法的计划。　　世界卫生组织曾经建议限制使用晒黑床，因为它们对皮肤中的DNA有潜在的破坏。　　专家们说如果人们在太阳下采取正确的防范措施或避免使用晒黑床，大部分致命的皮肤癌是可以被避免的。125 2009年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案第一部分：词汇选项 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)1Whycan’tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining?   Along   BeverlastingCtemporaryD boring2Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake. Adamaged   B shaken Cfallen      Djumped3Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic. Afaithful   Broyal Csincere   Dgenuine4Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics Asimplicity   Battraction Cpower      Drigor5Tenyearsaftertheevent，herdeathstillremainsapuzzle. Amist   Bfog Csecret   Dmystery6Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation Atroubled   BannoyedCthreatenedD amused7Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated Aborrowed   BpurchasedCcopied     Drewritten8Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasapurredscientificresearch Aencouraged   BfastenedC raised      Dinitiated9Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney. Asome   BlittleCenough Dextra10Thedoctor’spillsworkedmaIvelsforme Amiracles   BpatientsCiIlness   Drecovery11Mary’sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad Aendless   BmonotonousCserious     Dbitter12Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment Aold   BunforgettableCunfair Dfunny13Youdidn’tadheretootheseprinciples Aorder   BfollowCprove   Dhandle14ThefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenlandAempty   BhalrlessCsmooth  D bare15Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications   Aexpressions    BwarningsCadvertisements Dinstructions第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)   下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该旬提供的是正确信息，请选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息。请选择B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。          CancerDrugTrialsOftenHaltedEarly Anincreasingnumberofclinicaltrialsfornewcancertreatmentsarebeinghaltedbeforetherisksandbenefitshavebeenfullyevaluatedsayltalianresearcherswhowarnthatthisgrowingtrendcouldputpatientsatriskofhanmfromnewtherapiesrushedintouse125  theresaarcllerslookedaf25randomized,controlledclinicaltrialsIhafwerestoppedearlybecausethetreatmentshadstartedtoshowbenefittopatients. “Whenweanalyzed25trialsovera10—yearperiodbetween1997and2007,wefoundaconsistentincreaseinprematurelystoppedtrials—morethan50percentwerestoppedwithinthelastthreeyears,”studyco—authorGiovanniApolonesaidatanewsconferenceTuesday. Of14trialshaltedearlyandpublishedbetween2005and2007,theresearchersfoundthat11(79percent)ofthemwereusedtosupportdrugapprovalapplicationssubmittedtotheEuropeanMedicinesAgencyandtheUSFoodandDrugAdministration Thissuggestsastrongcommercialcomponentinstoppingtrialsprematurely.Infact,thisstrategycouldguaranteequickeraccesstothemarketforcompaniesontheotherhand，aquickerclinicaldrugdevelopmentmayleadtoan‘immature’benefit／riskbalanceofnewdrugs，”Apolonesaid． Heandhiscolleagues‘‘areawarethattrialsstoppedearlybecausetheyareshowingbenefitmayresultinidentificationofpromisingnewtreatmentsforpatientsHowever．findingsobtainedfollowingthisstrategyshouldbeconsideredtobepreliminaryresultsthatrequiresubsequentconfirmation.” Itcantakesevernlyearsforthelong—termbenefitsorharmfulsideeffectsofanewtreatmenttobecomeapparent，Apolonenoted．buttheaverageduration(持续时间)ofthe25studiesheandhiscolleaguesanalyzedwas30months，witharangefrom12to64months Theyalsofoundthatatthetimefiveofthestudieswerestopped,they’denrolledlessthan40percentofthetotalnumberofpatientsplannedforfinalanalysis. “Clinicaltrialsneedtostopearlyforsuperiorbenefitwheneverthere’aproofbeyondreasonabledoubtthatthenewtreatmentreallyissuperiorThatwouldbeanethicalobligation，”StuartPocock，aprofessorofmedicalstatisticsattheLondonSchoofofHygieneandTropicalMedicineintheUnitedKingdom，saidatthenewsconference“However，toomanytrialsarestoppedearlyclaimingefficacy(功效)withoutstrongevidencebeingavailable” 16Thenumberofprematurelystoppedclinicaltrialshasincreasedrecently．A Right   BWrong   C Notmentioned17ThetrialsweresteppedearlybecausethetreatmentsprovedtobeofnovalueA Right   BWrong   C Notmentioned18The25trialsinvolvedroughlythesamenumberofparticipantsA Right   BWrong   C Notmentioned19SomeofthetrialswereprobablystoppedearlyforcommercialreasonsA Right   BWrong   C Notmentioned20ParticipantsinthetrialswerehappywhentheywerestoppedearlyA Right   BWrong   C Notmentioned21Someofthetrialsweretooshorttoshowtheirlong—termeffectsA Right   BWrong   C Notmentioned22StuartPocockbelievedthatinnocaseshouldclinicaltrialsstopearlyA Right   BWrong   C Notmentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子125  Cancer1 Cancerisagroupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincells，thebody’sbasicbuildingblocksThebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.Normally,cellsgrowanddividetoproducemorecellsastheyareneededtokeepthebody.healthySometimes，thisorderlyprocessgoeswrongNewcellsformwhenthebodydoesnotneedthem，andoldcellsd0notdiewhentheyshouldTheextraceilsformamassoftissuecalledagrowthortumor(肿瘤)Benign(良性的)tumorsarenotcancerTheycanoftenberemovedand,inmostcases．theydonotcomeback..Malignant(恶性的)tumorsarecancerCeilsinmalignanttumorsareabnormalanddividewithoutcontrolororder.2 ScientistshavelearnedthatcanceriscausedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofceilsCertainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactorscanchangesomenormalgenesintogenesthatallowthegrowthofcancerManygenechangesthatleadtocanceraretheresultoftobaccouse，diet，exposuretoultraviolet(紫外的)radiationfromthesun，orexposuretocarcinogens(致癌物)intheworkplaceorintheenvironmentSomegenealterationsareinherited 3 Cancertreatmentcanincludesurgery,radiationtherapy，chemotherapy(化疗)，hormonetherapy．andbiologicaltherapyThedoctormayuseonemethodoracombinationofmethods．dependingonthetypeandlocationofthecancer．whetherthediseasehasspread。thepatient’sageandgeneralhealth，andotherfactorsBecausetreatmentforcancercanalsodamagehealthycellsandtissues．itoftencausessideeffects.Patientsanddoctorsgenerallydiscussthetreatmentoptions．weighingthelikelybenefitsofkillingcancercellsandtherisksofpossiblesideeffects 4Havingcancerdoesnotalwaysmeanhavingpain.Whetherapatienthaspainmaydependonthetypeofcancer．theextentofthedisease，andthepatient’stoleranceforpainMostpainoccurswhenthecancergrowsandpressesagainstbones,organs,ornerves.Painmayalsobeasideeffectoftreatment.However，parecangenerallyberelievedorreducedwithprescriptionmedicinesorover—the—counterdrugsrecommendedbythedoctor. 23Paragraph124Paragraph225Paragraph326Paragraph4AHowiscancertreated?BDoescanceralwayscausepain?CCancancerbeprevented?DWhatiscancer?EHowcommoniscancer?FWhatcausescancer? 27Canceroccurswhencellsinthebodydividewithout28Genealterationsmaybecausedby29Treatmentforcancermayalsobringaboutsome30Cancerpatientsmaydifferintheir125 AsideeffectsBprescdptionmedicinesCcontrolororderDtoleranceforpainEvariousfactorsFdifferentgenes第四部分：阅读理解第一篇 YouthEmancipationinSpainTheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpainstillsleepintheirparents"homes,saysthelatestreportfromthecountry"sstate-runInstituteofYouth.Tocoax(劝诱)youngpeoplefromtheirhomes,theinstitutestarteda"YouthEmancipation(解放)programmethismonth.Theprogrammeoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.Economistsblameyoungpeople"sfamilydependenceontheprecarious(不稳定的)labourmarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percentayearsince2000.Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists.FamilytiesinsouthEurope-Italy,PortugalandGreece-arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport"TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouth:KeysforUnderstanding"."Ingeneral,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized,"saidMinguez.InSpain-especiallyinthecountryside,itisnotuncommontofindentiregroupsofaunts,uncles,cousins,niecesandnephews(外甥/侄子)alllivingonthesamestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.Parents"tolerance(宽容)isanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules."Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhe"llputupabigfightandcallthefatheraFascist,"saidJoseAntonioGomezYanez,asociologistatCarlosIIIUniversityinMadrid.Mothers"willingnesstodochildren"shouseholdchoresworsenstheproblem.Dioni-sioMasso,a60-year-oldinMadrid,hasthreechildrenintheir20s.Theeldest,28,hasagirlfriendandajob.Butlifewithmumisgood."Hismumdoesthewashandcooksforhim;intheend,heliveswell,"Massosaid. 41.The"YouthEmancipation"programmeaimsathelpingyoungpeopleA.liveinanindependentwayB.fightforfreedomC.fightagainstsocialinjusticeD.getridoffamilyresponsibilities125 42.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5thatfamilytiesarestrongerinPortugalthaninA.GreeceB.FinlandC.SpainD.Italy43.Youngpeople"sfamilydependencecanbeattributedtoallthefollowingfactorsEXCEPTA.parent"stoleranceB.housingproblemsC.unwillingnesstogetmarriedD.culturaltraditions44.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofDinoisioMasso?A.Shehasaboyfriend.B.Sheis60yearsold.C.Shehasthreechildren.D.ShelivesinMadrid.45.Thephrase"waryof"inparagraph8couldbebestreplacedbyA.tiredofB.afraidofC.worriedaboutD.cautiousabout 第二篇SurprisedbyaMiracle 　　Ihadbeenworkinginthetraumaunitatalocalhospitalforaboutayear.Yougetusedtofamiliesthinkingthata"coma"patientismovingtheirhandordoingsomethingthattheywereaskedtodo."Followingcommands"iswhatwecallit.Oftenit’s"wishfulthinking"onthefamilies’part.Nursescaneasilybecomecalloustoit. 　　Onthisparticularnightduringvisitinghours,mypatient’swifecamein.Ihadtakencareofhimforseveralnights.Iwasveryfamiliarwithhiscareandwhathewasabletodo.Actually,hedidn’tdoanything.Hebarelymovedatall,evenwhensomethingwouldobviouslyhurthim,suchassuctioning. 　　Hiswifewasveryshort,about5feettall.Shehadtostandonastooltoleanoverhim,sothatshecouldseehisfaceandtalktohim.Sheclimbeduponthestool.Ispoketoherforafewminutes,andthensteppedouttotendtomyotherpatient.Afewminuteslater,shecamerunningoutoftheroom.Inanexcitedvoice,shesaid,"Donna,he’smovinghishand!" 　　Iimmediatelythoughtthatitwasprobablyherimagination,andthathehadnotactuallydoneitonpurpose.Hehadbeenthereaboutamonthatthetimeandhadnevermadeanymovementsonpurpose.Iaskedherwhathadhappenedandshesaid,"Iaskedhimtosqueezemyhandandhedid!"125  　　Thisledmetoanothertrainofquestioning."But,didheletgowhenyouaskedhimto?"Shesaidyes,thathehaddoneexactlywhatsheasked. 　　Iwentintotheroomwithher,notreallybelievingthatIwouldseeanythingdifferentthanIhadalwaysseen.ButIdecidedthatitwouldbebettertopacifyherthantomakeherthinkIdidn’tbelieveherorthatshewassomehowmistaken. 　　Sheaskedhimtosqueezeherhand,whichhedid.Isaid,"Well,askhimtoletgo."Hecontinuedtosqueezeforamoment,sothatwhenhefinallydidletgo,Ireallystilldidn’tbelievethathehaddoneitonpurpose.So,Isaid,"Askhimtoholduponefinger."Hedidasasked. 　　Well,hmm,thiswasstartingtogetmyattention.Ilookedathim,hisfacestillsomewhatswollenandhiseyesstillclosed."Stickoutyourtongue!"Isaid.Hedidit.Ialmostfellonthefloor.ItwasthefirsttimeIhadeverseenanyone"wakeup."36.ThefirstparagraphindicatesthatmoreoftenthannotacomapatientAisfoundtobefollowingcommands.Bisthoughttobefollowingcommands.Cisusedtofollowingcommands.Discalloustonurses’commands. 37.Whatwastheconditionofthepatientbeforethatparticularnight?AHetalkedonlywithhiswife.BHebarelymovedatall.CHemovedonlywhenhurt.DHewastoolazytodoanythingatall. 38.Howdidtheauthorfeeluponfirsthearingwhattheexcitedwifesaid?AShewasamused.BShewasdoubtful.CShewasscared.DShewasshocked. 39.Whatdidthepatientdoonthatparticularnight?AHesqueezedandletgohiswife’shand.BHehelduponeofhisfingers.CHestuckouthistongue.DAlloftheabove.40.Theauthor"almostfellonthefloor"becauseAshecouldhardlybelievehereyes.Bshehadbeenworkingtoohard.Cshehadbeendeceived.125 Dshehadbeentripped. 第三篇   SlowingAging：WaytoFightDiseasesin21stCentury AgroupofagingexpertsfromtheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomsuggestthatthebeststrategyforpreventingandfightingamultitudeofdiseasesistofocusonslowingthebiologicalprocessesofaging   “Thetraditionalmedicalapproachofattackingindividualdiseases—cancer,diabetes,heartdisease，Alzheimer"sdisease(早老性痴呆病)andParkinson’sdisease(帕金森氏病)一willsoonbecomelesseffectiveifwedonotdeterminehowallofthesediseaseseithermteractorsharecommonmechanismswithaging．”saysS.JayOlshansky，professorofepidemiologyattheUniversityoflllinoisatChicagoSchootofPublicHealthandseniorauthorofthecommentary Middle-agedandolderpeoplearemostofenimpactedbysimultaneousbutindependentmedicalconditionsAcureforanyofthemajorfataldiseaseswouldhaveonlyamarginalimpactonlifeexpectancy(预期寿命)andthelengthofhealthylifeOlshanskysaid.  Theauthorssuggestthatanewparadigm(模式)ofhealthpromotionanddiseasepreventioncouldproduceunprecedentedsocial，economicandhealthdividendsforcurrentandfuturegenerationsiftheagingpopulationisprovidedwithextendedyearsofhealthylife. Theynotethatalllivingthings,includinghumans，possessbiochemicalmechanismsthatinfluencehowquicklyweageand，throughdietary(饮食的)interventionorgeneticalteration，jfispossibletoextendlifespantopostponeaging-relatedprocessesanddiseases. Furtherresearchinlaboratorymodelsisexpectedtoprovidecluestoanddeeperunderstandingofhowexistinginterventions，suchasexerciseandgoodnutrition，mayleadtolifelongwell—being.   Theauthorsalsoproposegreatlyincreasedfundingforbasicresearchintothe“fundamentalceltular(细胞的)andphysiologicalchangesthatdriveagingitself．’’ ‘‘Webelievethatthepotentialbenefitsofslowingagingprocesseshavebeenunderrecognizedbymostofthescientificcommunity，”saidOlshansky.”wecallonthehealth—researchdecision—makerstoallocatesubstantialresourcestosupportanddeveloppracticalinterventionsthatslowaginginpeople” Anincreaseinage—relateddiseasesandescalatinghealthcarecostsmakethisthetimefora“systematicattackonagingitself．”theauthorswrite. Olshanskyandcolleaguescontendthatmodernmedicineisalreadyheavilyinvestedineffortstoextendlife．andtheyarguethatafreshemphasisonaginghasthepetentialtoimprovehealthandqualityoflifefarmoreefficientlythaniscurrentlypossible.  41Theexpertsbelievethetraditionalapproachofattackingindividualdiseases  Aisthebeststrategyforfightingdiseases  Bfocusesonslowingagingprocesses  CneedstobeimprovedDhasgoneoutofdate42Theauthorsholdanewparadigmofhealthpromotionanddiseaseprevention Amaybetooexpensive125  Bcouldhavegreatpotential Cmightbetoocomplicated Dwillbeopposedbymanypeople43ItispossibletoextendlifespanbymeansofallthefollowingEXCEPT Adietaryintervention Bgeneticalteration Cexercise Daging—relatedprocesses44Theauthorsarguethatmoremoneyshouldbespenton Amaintainingthewell—beingoftheelderly． Blookinga舱rthesick Cdevelopingaging—slowinginterventions Dextendingthelifeofthedying45WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthors? ATherearenowmoreage—relateddiseases BHealthcarecostsareontherise CToolittlehasbeendonetoextendIife DAsystematicattackonagingisneeded第五部分：补全短文MyLifeatRenda      Ilearnedveryquicklythatbeingateachingassistant(TA)attheUniversityofIowawouldbedifferentfromlifeasateacheratRenminUniversity.     ________________(46)Eyesstaring,mouthsopen,studentsexaminingmybignose,handsnervous,peoplewhisperingwhileIwrotemynameontheblackboard.     AtIowa,whenmyfirstclassesbegan,halfmystudentsstillhadn"tarrived.Wheneveryonefinallyfoundaseat,ringingcellphonesandloudyawnsinterruptedmyopeningremarks.     It"snotthatAmericanstudentsweredisrespectful.__________________(47)Theywere,however,farmoreskepticalthanthestudentsIhadatRenda.ThetruthisIcouldn"tfaultthemfortheirskepticism.UndergraduatesatlargeUSuniversities-especiallyfreshmenandsophomores?oftenhaveseveralclassesasemesterhandledbyTAs.Insomecases,theTAsetsthecoursecontent.______________(48)Mosthavegoodintentions,butonlyafewareaseffectiveasflesh-and-bloodprofessors.     Everyteacherhastoconfrontobstaclestolearning-nomatterwhattheculture.Studentswhotalkduringlectures,studentswhocheat,studentswhoquestionthegradetheygetforapaperorproject-dealingwiththeseisallpartofthejob.__________________(49)     Thedifference,Ithink-atleastinmyexperienceisthatintheUSIhadtoswallowmoreofmypride.__________________(50)     Ihadaresponsibilitytoteachthem,ofcourse,butIhadtodosoindirectly-asaguidewhohimselfhadafewthingstolearnfromthestudents. ABackatRenda，Ihadwalkedintomyfirstclassesfeelinglikeacelebrity.125 BInmystudents’minds．Ihadlittletoofferthem．exceptperhapssomesamplequestionsforthemid-termexam.CInothers．theTAworksasagraderanddiscussionleaderDIencounteredtheseinChina．andIfacedlhemintheUS.EOntheotherhand，beingtaughtbyagraduatestudentisnotnecessarilybadFMostwerepolite，oratleast．Indifferent. 第六部分：完形填空 MiddleAge:ALowPointforMost 　　Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepressioninmiddle_____51,anewinternationalstudysuggests. 　　ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysisofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfewexceptions,theobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboard,regardless_____52gender,culture,geography,wealth,jobhistory,education,andmarriageorparentalstatus. 　　"Thescientificfactseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant’U’_____53throughlife,"saidstudyauthorAndrewJ.Oswald,aprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshire,England."Fortheaverageperson,it’shighwhenyou’re20,andthenitslowly_____54andbottomsoutinyour40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour_____55healthpicksupagain,andeventuallygetsbacktothehighlevelsofouryouth." 　　Thefindingwas_____56onthepoolingofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdata,including:twomulti-decadehappiness/satisfactionsurveys(firstlaunchedinthe1970s),involvingabout500,000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe80-nation"WorldValuesSurvey"_____57between1981and2004inNorthAmerica,EasternandWesternEurope,Asia,Africa,Australia,andCentralandSouthAmerica;anda2004-2007survey_____58nearly1millionBritons. 　　Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughouttheworld,thehighestprobabilityfor _____59strikingisaround44yearsofage. 　　IntheUnitedStates,however,someas-yetunexplained_____60differenceswereobserved,withhappinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50s,whereaswomenhittheirnadiraroundtheageof40. 　　Theresearcherscautionedthatcheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy_____61--afactthatmighthaveskewedtheoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthatevidenceofahappiness_____62mightsimplyreflectamidlifechoicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolonger125 tenableaspirations,followedbyasenior’ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured_____63othersdidnot. 　　"Thatsaid,somemightfindithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral_____64ofmentalhealthastheygothroughtheirownlife,"saidOswald."Itmightbeusefulforpeopletorealizethatiftheyare_____65intheir40s,thisisnormal.Itisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismighthelp." 51Aplace   Bage   Cheight   Ddegree52Afor     Bof   Cto       Dby53Acolor   Bsize   Cletter   Dshape54Aimproves   Bmoves  Cfalls Drises55Apersonal   Bmental  Cgeneral Dphysical56Afocused   Bconcluded  Cbased Ddecided57Aconduced   Bmeasured   Cchecked Dinspected50Acalling   Bcounting   Cpassing   Dinvolving59Adepression   Bcancer   Caccident   Dinjury60Agender   Brace    Ceducation   Dincome61Apeople   Bmen    Cwomen    Dcouples62Aline    Bcurve     Caxis       DtableG3Aunless   Bbecause   Cif       Dwhile64Amoods   Bfigures   Ctrends   Dviews65Alow    Bweird   Cold    Dweak2009年职称英语卫生类A级参考答案及解析本试卷代码“12” 第一部分   词汇题：eternal---everlasting(B)wrecked---damaged(A)authentic---genuine(D)lure---attraction(B)puzzle---mystery(D)irritated–annoyed(B)duplicated---copied(C)spurred---encouraged(A)ample---enough(C)marvels---miracles(A)perpetual---endless(A)shabby---unfair(C)adhereto---follow(B)barren–bare(D)125 specifications---instructions(D) 第二部分   阅读判断 文章标题：Cancerdrugtrialsoftenhaltedearly(文章就“癌症治疗新药的临床研究往往在该新药的治疗风险和治疗效果还没有得到充分地评估之前就停止了”这一现象展开讨论，分析了其背后的原因，并讨论了这种现象可能会造成的不良后果，主题复杂程度☆☆☆，文章语言难度☆☆☆☆) 16.Thenumberofprematurelystoppedclinicaltrialshasincreasedrecently.(A:right,该题考察anincreasingnumberof…的意义) 17.Thetrialswerestoppedearlybecausethetreatmentsprovedtobeofvalue.(B:wrong,该题考察对因果关系的确认（17题所在句中的原因陈述与文章中的原因陈述不一致）) 18.The25trialsinvlovedroughlythesamenumberofparticipants.(C:Notmentioned,该信息在文章中没有被提及) 19.Someofthetrialswereprobablystoppedearlyforcommercialreasons.(A:right,该句是文章中相关语句的同义转述（文章中相关语句：Thissuggestsastrongcommercialcomponentinstoppingtrialsprematurely.（这表明药品临床实验提前终止的一个主要原因是出于商业方面的需要）） 20.Participantsinthetrialswerehappywhentheywerestoppedearly.(C:Notmentioned,该信息在文章中没有被提及) 21.Someofthetrialsweretooshorttoshowtheirlong-termeffects.(A:Right, 该题为推断题，该题还涉及对否定结构的考察（too…to…(太…而不能…)）) 22.StuartPocockbelievedthatinnocaseshouldclinicaltrialsstopearly.(B:Wrong, 该题涉及对倒装结构的考察) 第三部分   概括大意与完成句子 文章标题：Cancer (文章从什么是癌症，造成癌症的原因以及癌症的治疗等方面对癌症这种疾病进行了介绍，主题复杂程度☆☆，文章语言难度☆☆☆) 23.Paragraph1____D____.(Whatiscancer?(什么是癌症？))24.Paragraph2____F____.(Whatcausescancer?(造成癌症的原因))25.Paragraph3____A____.(Howiscancertreated?(怎样对癌症进行治疗？))26.Paragraph4____B____.(Doescanceralwayscausepain?(癌症总是造成疼痛吗？)) 27.Canceroccurswhencellsinthebodydividewithout___C__(controloroder((（失）控或（无）序地)))28.Genealternationsmaybecausedby__E___(variousfactors(各种各样的因素))125 29.Treatmentforcancermayalsobringaboutsome__A__(sideeffects(副作用))30.Cancerpatientsmaydifferintheir__D__(toleranceforpain(对疼痛的忍耐))第四部分 阅读理解 第一篇阅读理解文章标题：YouthEmancipationinSpain(文章讨论了西班牙的社会问题–青少年对家庭过分地依赖，分析了造成西班牙青少年对家庭过分依赖的各种原因；主题复杂程度☆☆☆，文章语言难度☆☆☆)31.The“YouthEmancipation”programmeaimsathelpingyoungpeople___.答案为A:liveinanindependentway(独立地生活)32.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5thatfamilytiesarestrongerinPortugalthanin___.答案为B:Finland(芬兰)（解答该题还需要考生具备一定得地理知识---芬兰位于欧洲北部）33.Youngpeople’sfamilydependencecanbeattributedtoallthefollowingfactorsEXCEPT____.答案为C：Unwillingnesstogetmarried(不愿意结婚)34.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofDionisoMasso?答案为A：Shehasaboyfriend.(她有一个男朋友)35.Thephase“waryof”inparagraph8couldbebestreplacedby___.答案为D：cautiousabout(对…小心谨慎的)(该题可以通过翻查词典直接翻查出答案) 第二篇阅读理解文章标题：Surprisedbyamiracle(该阅读理解直接选自2009年教材阅读理解练习题；主题复杂程度☆☆☆，文章语言难度☆☆☆)36.Thefirstparagraphindicatesthatmoreoftenthannotacomapatient____.答案为C：isthoughttobefollowingcommands.(被以为能按照（他人的）命令做出举动)37.WhatwillHawkinsdowhenheseessomethinginterestingonaroadtrip?答案为D：Hehadbarelymovedatall.(他根本不能动)38.Howdidtheauthorfeeluponfirsthearingwhattheexcitedwifesaid?答案为B：Shewasdoubtful.(她感到怀疑)39.Whatdidthepatientdoonthatparticularnight?答案为D：Alloftheabove.(上述所有选项的内容都包括)40.Whydidtheauthoralmostfallonthefloor?___.答案为C：Becauseshecouldhardlybelievehereyes（因为她不能相信自己看到的一切）第三篇阅读理解文章标题：Slowingaging:waytofightdiseasein21stcentury(文章提出了21世纪战胜疾病的最好方法---延缓衰老，围绕这个观点文章作者分析了原因，并呼吁应该在延缓衰老的介入研究上投入更多的资金；主题复杂程度☆☆☆，文章语言难度☆☆☆☆☆)41.Theexpertsbelievethetraditionalapproachofattackingindividualdiseases___.答案为C：needstobeimproved（需要改进）（推断题，该题也考察对复杂长句的理解）42.Theauthorsholdanewparadigmofhealthpromotionanddiseaseprevention ___.答案为B：couldhavegreatpotential.(会有很大的潜力)（该题为推断题）43.ItispossibletoextendlifespanbymeansofallthefollowingEXCEPT___.答案为D：aging-relatedprocess(与老化相关的过程)（该题考察对细节信息的查找和确认）44.Theauthorsarguethatmoremoneyshouldbespenton____.125 答案为C：developingaging-slowinginterventions(延缓衰老的介入研究)（该题考察对复杂长句的理解）45.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthors? 答案为C：Toolittlehasbeendonetoextendlife（在延长寿命方面所做的工作太少）（该题考察对复杂长句的理解）第5部分：补全短文文章标题：MylifeatRenda（文章作者对比和介绍了他/她在中国的人大和美国大学的不同教学经历；主题复杂程度☆☆☆，文章语言难度☆☆☆）46.答案为A：BackatRenda,Ihadwalkedintomyfirstclassesfeelinglikeacelebrity.（在人大我走进我第一堂课的教室时感觉自己像个名人似的）47.答案为F：Mostwerepolite,oratleast,indifferent.（大多数学生是有礼貌的，或者至少他们只是对我不感兴趣而已）(典型考点：考察上下文之间的意义关系（观点+解释）)48.答案为C：Inothers,theTAworksasagraderanddiscussionleader.（在其他时候，助教们的工作是批改作业或评阅试卷，以及引导讨论）(典型考点：考察上下文之间的意义关系（并列关系）)49.答案为D：IencounteredtheseinChina,andIfacedthemintheUS.（在中国我偶尔会遇到这些问题，而这些问题却是在美国我不得不经常面对的）50.答案为B：Inmystudents’minds,Ihadlittletoofferthem,exceptperhapssomesamplequestionsforthemid-termexam.(我的学生们认为我除了能给他们提供一些期中考试的样题以外，没有什么能教他们的。)(典型考点：考察上下文之间的意义关系（观点+解释）)第6部分：完型填空 文章标题：Middleage:aLowpointforMost(该考题来自2009年教材)51．B（age）52. B(of)53.  D(shape)54.  C(falls)55.  B(mental)56.  C(based)57.  A(conducted)58.  D(involving)59.  A(depression)60.  A(gender)61.  A(people)62.  B(curve)63.  D(while)64.  C(ttrends)65.  A(low)125 2008年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.Withimmenserelief,Istoppedrunning.ASomeBenormousClittleDextensive2.Thescientistsbegantoaccumulatedata.AcollectBhandleCanalyzeDinvestigate3.Jackeventuallyovertookthelasttruck.AhitBpassedCreachedDled4.Sometimesitisadvisabletobookhotelsinadvance.ApossibleBprofitableCeasyDwise5.Thereasonfortheirunusualbehaviorremainsapuzzle.AfactBmysteryCstatementDgame6.Thatguyisreallywitty.AsmartBuglyChonorableDpopular7.Theworldchampionsufferedasensationaldefeat.AreasonableBdramaticChumiliatingDhorrifying8.ItseemsthatonlyMaryiseligibleforthejob.ApreparedBtrainedCqualifiedDguided9.Thispoemdepictsthebeautifulsceneryofatowninthesouth.ApraisesBwritesCimitatesDdescribes10.Themeaningisstillobscure.AvagueBtransparentCalienDsignificant11.Dumpedwastemightcontaminatewatersupplies.AdestroyBdecreaseCdelayDpollute12.OnetheorypostulatesthattheancientFilipinoscamefromIndiaandPersia.AassumesBexpectsCpredictsDconsiders13.Itisverydifficultforachildtoadheretorules.ArememberBfollowCunderstandDlearn14.IhopethatIdidn’tdoanythingabsurd1astnight.AawkwardBstrangeCstupidDawful15.Thereshouldbelawsthatprohibitsmokingaroundchildren.AforbidBadvocateCinheritDwithdraw第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。SleepProblemsPlaguetheOlderSetOlderAmericansoftenhavedifficultygettingagoodnight’srest.It"sahugequalityoflifeproblem,expertssay,becausecontrarytopopularbelief,seniorsrequireaboutthesameamountofsleepasyoungeradults.“Sleepproblemsandsleepdisordersarenotaninherent（固有的）partofaging,”saidDr.HarrisonG.125 Bloom,anassociateclinicalprofessorofgeriatrics（老年病学）andmedicineattheMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYorkCity.“It’sprettymuchofamyththatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyoungerpeople.”Yet,inastudypublishedrecentlyinTheAmericanJournalofMedicine,researchersfoundthatmorethanhalfofolderAmericanshaveproblemsgettingthesleeptheyneed.Olderpeopletendtohave“sleepfragmentation,’’meaningtheywakeupmoreoftenduringthenight,saidstudyauthorDr.JulieGammck,anassistantprofessorofmedicineintheDivisionofGeriatricMedicineatSt.LouisUniversity.Theyalsoseemtogetless“REM”sleep,thetypeofsleepduringwhichrapideyemovementoccurs,Bloomadded.It’sunclearwhatrolethesenaturallyoccurringchangesinsleeppatternshaveonperson’squalityoflife,Bloomsaid.“Whatisimportant,though,isthatolderpeopleoftenhaveactualsleepdisordersandproblemswithsleep,”hesaid.And,expertssay,thereisusuallymorethanonecause.“Sleeptroubleinolderadultsistypicallyassociatedwithacuteandchronicillnesses,includingspecificsleepdisorderslikesleepapnea（呼吸暂停）andrestlesslegsyndromethatappearwithgreaterfrequencyinolderpopulations,”saidMichaelV.Vitiello,aprofessorofpsychiatryandbehavioralsciencesandassociatedirectoroftheUniversityofWashington’sNorthwestGeriatricEducationCenter.Takingmultiplemedications,asmanyolderpeopledo,canalsoleadtofatiguea“hypersomnia,”orbeingtiredallthetime,Bloomadded.Anotherbigproblem,henoted,ISdepressionandanxiety.“Thoseareverycommonlyassociatedwithsleepproblems.”Despitetheprevalence（流行）ofsleepdifficultiesinolderadults,manypatientsaren’tgettingthehelptheyneed.Asaresult,problemslikeinsomnia（失眠）,restlesslegsyndromeandsleepapneaareunder-diagnosedandundertreated,Bloomsaid.16.Sleepproblemscanseriouslyaffectone’squalityoflife　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17.itistruethatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyoungerpeople　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18YoungerpeopleinAmericaseldomcomplainofsleepdisorders.　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19.ThenumberofolderAmericanswithsleepproblemsisnotsmall.　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20.“Sleepfragmentation’’referstoamarkedlackof“REM”sleep　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21.Thecausesofsleepproblemsinolderpeopleremainunidentified.　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22.ActionswillsoonbetakeninAmericatobetterhelppeoplewithsleepproblems　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。DepressionandtheElderly1Weallfeelsadattimes.However,clinicaldepressionisaseriousmatter.Clinicaldepression,sometimescalledmajordepression,isabiologicallybasedbraindisorderthataffectsone’sthoughts,feelings,behavior,andphysicalhealth.Whenpeoplecomplainthattheyfeelterrible,theyhavenointerestortakenopleasureinthings,125 havetroublesleeping,lackenergy,havepoorappetite,orcannotconcentrate,depressionisadefinitepossibility.2Depressioninitsmanyformsaffectsmorethan6.5millionofthe35millionAmericanswhoare65yearsorolder.Mostolderpeoplewithdepressionhavebeensufferingfromepisodes（发作）oftheillnessduringmuchoftheirlives。Forothers,depressionhasafirstonset（起病）inlatelife—evenforthoseintheir80sand90s.Depressioninolderpersonsiscloselyassociatedwithdependencyanddisabilityandcausesgreatsufferingfortheindividualandthefamily,3Manyolderpeopleandtheirfamiliesdon’t-recognizethesymptomsofdepression,aren’tawarethatitisamedicalillness,anddon’tknowhowitistreated.Othersmaymistakethesymptomsofdepressionassighsofdementia（痴呆）.Also,manyolderpeoplethinkthatdepressionisacharacterflaw（缺陷）andareworriedaboutbeingstigmatized（给…带来耻辱）.SOtheyblamethemselvesfortheirillnessandaretooashamed（羞耻的）togethelp,othersworrythattreatmentwouldbetoocostly.4Olderpersonswithdepressionrarelyseektreatmentfortheillness.Unrecognizedanduntreateddepressionhasfatalconsequencesintermsofbothsuicideandnon-suicidemortality（死亡率）.ThehighestrateofsuicideintheUSisamongolderwhitemen.Depressionisthesinglemostsignificantriskfactorforsuicideinthatpopulation.Tragically,manyofthosepeoplewhogoontocommitsuicidehavereachedoutforhelp20%seeadoctorthedaytheydie,40％theweektheydie,and70％inthemonththeydie.Yetdepressionisfrequentlymissed.23.Paragraph　1　　　　　24.Paragraph　2　　　　　25.Paragraph　3　　　　　26.Paragraph　4　　　　　AHowcommonisdepressioninlaterlife?BWhatisdepression?CWhatrelievesdepressioninolderpeople?DWhydoesdepressioninolderpeopleoftengountreated?ECandepressioninolderpeoplebetreated?FWhataretheconsequencesofuntreateddepressioninolderpeople?27.Clinicaldepressionisdifferentfrom　　　　　28.Depressioninolderpeopleisstronglylinkedwith　　　　　29.Depressionisregardedbymanyolderpeopleas　　　　　30.Manyolderpeoplecommitsuicideasaresultof　　　　　A　acharacterflawB　normalsadness.andgriefC　adefinitepossibilityD　dependencyanddisabilityE　asignificantriskfactorF　unrecognizedanduntreateddepression第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCities125 ThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition.Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexciting,metropolitanatmosphere.Squares,plazas（广场）andarcades（拱廊）formtheheartofEurope’scities.VeniceinItalyhasthePiazzaSanMarco—abeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshops,churches,restaurantsandcafés.1nBarcelona,Spain,LaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London’sCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusicians,acrobats（杂技演员）andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondon,theyserveasabeautifulbackdrop(背景)tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames.Thesevibrant（有活力的）heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolution,socialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently.“ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceisSOgreattodayisyoudon’tseeallthemistakes,”saidGarreau.“Thosehaveallbeenremoved.”MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecar.SObars,restaurantsandcaféswereneartopeople’shomes.Today,thefocusofmanyEuropeans’lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirts,drivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconvention,therearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalways,livingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeople,togetherwithtourists,providethecitycenterswiththeirreasonforexistence.Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.ThisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.Thisskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespressos（浓咖啡）andcigarettes.Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleinRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisittheChurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarkets.Cafésandbarsinthesurroundingstreets.AnenormousexampleofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorence,Italyissurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshops,andcatersnotonlytothetouristcrowds,butalsothelocalcommunity.31.ItcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthateachbigcityinEurope　A.hasmanylargesquares.　B.hasmanyverymagnificentsky—scrapers.　C.drawstouristsinlargenumberseveryyear.　D.hasacenterwheretouristsmeettheirspouses.32WhichstatementisNOTtrueofCoventGarden?　A.Itiscrowdedwithpeople.　B.ItislocatedinLondon.　C.Itisfilledwithstalls.　D.Itissurroundedbyshops,churches,restaurantsandcaf6s.33.WhydopeoplethinkthatVeniceisSOgreat?　A.Becauseitisafamoustouristattraction.　B.Becauseyoucanreachanywherebyboat.　C.Becauseitiswell—knownforitsmerchants.　D.Becauseallthemistakeshavebeenremoved34.whatareParisiansfamousfor?　A.Theirpursuitofindependence。　B.Theirenthusiasmforconversation：　C.Theirabilitytokeepthecityflourishing.　D.Theirdevotiontodevelopingamultipleculture125 35ThewritercitestheDuomointhelastparagraphasanexampletoillustratethat　A.thereisatightlinkbetweenchurchandsociety.　B.allchurchesaremagnificent.　C.oldchurchesareverypopular.　D.high—risechurchesareimpressive.第二篇MentalRetardation（智力迟钝）Mentalretardationisaconditioninwhichpeoplehavelowerthannormalintelligenceandareunabletofunctionatthelevelexpectedfortheirage.Peoplewithmentalretardationareusuallybornwithit,oritdevelopsearlyintheirlife.Theymayalsohavesomedifficultywithdailylivingskillssuchaslearningtoreadandwriteandcaringforthemselves.Doctorsandotherprofessionalsdeterminethatapersonhasmentalretardationbasedontheirintelligenceandhowwelltheycandoeverydayactivities.Intelligenceistheabilitytolearnandunderstand.Levelsofintelligencearemeasuredbyspecialtestscalledintelligencetests.Thescoreapersongetsononeofthesetestsgivesanumerical（数字的）measureofaperson’sintelligence.Thisiscalledanintelligencequotient（智商）orIQ.AnaveragescoreonanIQtestisabout90to110.Apersonwithmentalretardationwillusuallyscorebelow75onanIQtest.TheIQtestalonedoesnotdeterminewhethersomeoneismentallyretarded.Apersonmustalsohavetroublewitheverydayactivitiessuchasgeeingdressed,eating,washing,orlearningbasicreading,writing,andarithmeticskills.Mentalretardationisnotadiseaseitself.1tcannotbecuredandit’snotcontagious(传染的).Thisconditioncanbecausedbyseveralthingsthatinjurethebrainordon’tallowthebraintodevelopnormally.Manytimeswedon’tknowwhyapersonhasmentalretardation.Sometimesitmaybecausedbygenes.Genesarechemicalunitsfoundineverycelltheycarrytheinstructionstelling,cellswhattodo.Sometimes,childrenreceiveabnormalgenesfromtheirparents.Adefectivegenemayalsodevelopspontaneously.Neitherparentwouldhavepassedonthegene,butthegenechangesbeforethebabydevelops.Someotherproblemsthatcancausementalretardationalsohappenbeforeachildisborn.Itisimportantforthebraintodevelopproperlyifachildistohavenormalintelligence.“Planningapregnancyisthemostimportantdecisionmostofuswillmakeinourlifetime.Ahealthylifestyleandgoodmedicalcareshouldbeginbeforeawomanbecomespregnantandcontinuethroughoutthepregnancy,”saysJodiRucquoi,ageneticcounselorfromConnecticut.Ifawomanabusesalcoholordrugsordoesn’teatwell,thereisarisktothedevelopingbaby.Also,aprematurebirthorproblemsduringchildbirthcansometimesharmthebaby’sdevelopingbrain.Whileprematurebabiesaregenerallyfine,thereisagreaterchancethattheymayhavementalretardation.1nsomecases.ayoungchildcandevelopmentalretardationafterbeingsickwithaseriousinfectionorotherillnessoraftersufferingabadheadinjury.36.Achildcanbetakenasmentallyretardedifheorshe　A.wasbornprematurely.　B.haslowerthannormalintelligence.　C.haslowintelligenceandlowdailylivingskills·　D.hasnormalintelligencebutdifficultiesinlearning37.Apersonofhighintelligencewillprobablyscore　A.above110onanIQtest.B.110onanIQtest.　C.90onanIQtest.D.below75onanIQtest.125 38.WhichOfthefollowingisNOTtrueofmentalretardation?　A.Itisnotcurable.　B.Itsvictimsareusuallybornwithit.　C.Itscausesarenotfullyidentifiedyet.　D.Itcanspreadamongfamilymembers39.WhichisNOTapossiblecauseofmentalretardation?　A.Alcoholordrugabuse.B.Abnormalgenesfromtheparents,　C.Awell-plannedpregnancy.D.Problemsduringchildbirth.40.Theword“While”inLine4fromthebottomcanbestbereplacedby　A.UnlessB.BecauseC.SinceD.Although.第三篇ManyOlderDoctorsPlantoPhaseoutTheirPracticeTheresultsofanewsurveyindicatethat48percentofphysiciansbetween50and65yearsofageareplanningtoreduceorendtheirclinicalpracticeinthenextlto3years.Thefindingsalsosuggestthatmanyolderphysiciansbelievethattheiryoungercounterpartsdonothavetheworkethictheydo.Thesurvey,whichwasconductedbyMerrittHawkins＆Associates,aTexas-basedphysiciansearchandconsultingfirm,suggeststhatmanyolderphysiciansaresimplyunhappywiththechangesthathavetakenplaceinmedicineovertheYears.“WhenBabyBoomdoctorsenteredmedicinetheyhadcontroloverhowtheypracticedandthefeetheycharged.Buttheruleschangedontheminmid-streamandnowmanyarelookingforaticketout,”MarkSmith,executivevicepresidentofMerrittHawkins＆Associates,saidinastatement.“OurstudyistheonlyoneIamawareofthatexaminesthecareerplansofphysiciansinthe50-To-65agegroup.”Thisagegrouprepresentsmorethanone-thirdofallphysiciansintheU.S.Iftheystopworkinginthecomingyears,itwillhavea“significantimpact”ontheoverallsupplyofphysicians,SmithtoldReutersHealth.Theresultsofthesurvey,whichincluded1,170respondents（调查对象）,showthat24percentOfolderphysiciansareplanningtoleaveclinicalpracticealltogetherInthenext1to3years.Specifically,14percentsaidtheywereplanningonretiring,7percentsaidtheywerelookingforamedicaljobanon-patientcaresetting,and3Percentsaidtheywereseekingajobinanon-medicalfield.Forthosephysiciansnotleavingclinicalpractice,manysaidtheywouldmakechangestoreducethenumberofpatientstheytreat.Forinstance,12percentsaidtheywouldbeginworkingpart-time,8percentsaidtheyplannedtostoptakingnewpatientsormarkedlyreducetheirpatientload,and4percentexpressedadesiretoworkonatemporarybasis.Whenaskedabouttheworkethicofphysiciansenteringpracticetoday,68percentoftherespondentssaidthattheseyoungerdoctorsarenotasdedicatedorashardworkingasphysicianswhoenteredpractice20t030yearsago.Fifty-sevenpercentofolderphysicianssaidtheywouldnotrecommendmedicineasacareertotheirownchildren.Similarly,44percentsaidtheywouldnotselectmedicineasacareeriftheywerestartingouttoday.“Themostominous（不祥的）findingisthataboutonehalfofphysicianssurveyedplanttoeitherabandonpatientcareinthenext1to3years,orsignificantlyreducethenumberofpatientstheysee,”Smithsaid.“TheU.S.alreadyisfacingawidespreadshortageofphysicians,Shouldolder,‘workhorse’physicianschoosetooptoutofpatientcareaccesstomedicalserviceswillbefurtherrestricted.”41.WhichisNOTtrueofphysiciansinthe50-to-65agegroupintheU.S.?　A.Theyaremostlybabyboomers.　B.Theyhavenothingtocomplainabout.　C.Manyofthemplantograduallystoptheirpractice.125 　D.Theyaccountforoverone-thirdofallphysiciansinthecountry.42.Thesurveywasfocusedon　A.thelivingconditionsofolderphysiciansintheU.S.　B.thecareerplansofolderphysiciansintheU.S.　C.theretirementplansofolderphysiciansintheU.S.　D.theachievementsofolderphysiciansintheU,S.43.ManyolderphysiciansintheU.S.viewtheworkethicoftheiryoungercounterparts　A.withappreciation　B.withdisapproval.　C.withjealous　D.withindifference.44.Intheeyesofmanyolderphysicians,medicine　A.comesfirstintheirchoiceofacareerfortheirchildren　B.remainstheirlifelongpursuit.　C.isnotasgoodacareerasitusedtobe.　D.ismoredemandingthanitusedtobe.45lfmanyolderphysiciansstopworkinginthecomingyears,Americanswillhave　A.evenlessaccesstomedicalservices.　B.evenbetterpatientcare.　C.ashortageofyoungerphysicians.　D.morejobopportunities.第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）　　下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。What’sLackingin“sicko”?Whenitcomestoeconomicdecision,therearealwaystrade-offs(取舍).Gainonethingandyoulosesomethingelse-------------(46)ThecentralargumentofMichaelMoore’smovie“Sicko”--thatthecuretothenation’shealthcareproblemsisasingle-payersystem--ishardlynovelandiscertainlyworthconsideration,whetherornotyouagreewithit.ButincomparingtheAmericansystemwithsingle-payerplansofothercountries—Britain,France,CanadaandCuba--Mr.MooreleftOutthetrade-offs,characterizingthosecountriesashealthcareparadises------------(47)KurtLoder,thefilmcriticwhoisbestknownastheanchor（主持人）of“MTVNews,”wroteacritique（批评）ofthefilmforMTV’swebsite.“Sicko,”hesaid,“doesarealservice”inportraying(描绘)victimsofAmericaninsurancecompanies--likethepeoplewhodiedbecausetheironlytreatmentoptionswereconsidered“experimental”andthereforenotcovered--------------(48)when“governmentsattempttoregulatethebalancebetweenalimitedsupplyifhealthcareandanunlimiteddemandforit,they’reinevitablyforcedtorationtreatment,”Mr.Loderasserted----------------(49)Mr.Lodercitedtheshortfilm“DeadMeat,”whichpresentsanecdotes（轶事）offailureintheCanadiansingle’payersysteminitsOne-sidedness,“DeadMeat”mighthavemadeforanicedoublefeaturewith“Sicko,”andleftmovie-goerswithamorecompleteunderstandingofthecomplicationsofdecidingonahealthcaresystem-------------------(50)Thisallmakesanotherwise‘‘emotionallycompellingfilmnotnecessarilyanintellectuallysatisfyingone,”wroteDarrenBarefoot,aCanadianblogger（博客作者）.A　Mr.Moorealsodecidedtoignoreproblemsinothercountries,likeFrance’shightaxesandBritain’scash—shorthospitalsB　Butthefilmasawhole,heconcluded,is“breathtakinglymeretricious(似是而非的),”inlargepartbecauseofitscharacterizationsofothercountries’healthcareSystemsC　Theproblemshavebeennoticed—andcriticismiscomingnotjustfromMr.Moore’sdetractors(诋毁者)125 D　HetickedoffanumberofnegativestatisticstocounterthepositiveonesofferedbyMr.MooreE　Healthcareistheprevention,treatment,andmanagementofillnessF　Thisisparticularlytrueinhealthcare,amarketinwhichscarce(稀罕的)goodsareridiculouslyexpensive,butneededbyeverybody第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）　　下面的短文有15处空白,请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。ManyChildren’sDeathsPreventable:WHOOverfivemillionchildrendieeachyearfromdisease,infectionsandaccidentsRelated--------------(51)theirenvironmentalthoughmanyofthesedeathsarelargelypreventable,saystheWorldHealthOrganization.OnMonday,theWHOaskedgovernmentsandcitizensaroundtheworldtotakeactiontocreatehealthy--------------(52)forchildrenasitcelebratedWorldHealthDay.“Thebiggestthreatstochildren’shealthlurk（潜藏）inthevery-----------(53)thatshouldbesafest—home,schoolandcommunity,saidDr.GroHarlemBrundtlanddirector-generaloftheWHOattheday’slaunchinNewDelhi,India.“Everychildhastherightto-----------(54)upinahealthyhomeschoolandcommunity.Thefuturedevelopmentofourchildren——andoftheirworld—dependson----------(55)enjoyinggoodhealthnow.Wehavetheirfutureinour----------(56)Nowwemustworkmoreeffectivelytogetherto-----------(57)therisksfromtheenvironmentwhichourchildrenface,”Brundtlandsaid.Thisyear’stheme,“HealthyEnvironmentsforChildren”focusesonthemanydangers----------(58)bychildreninandaroundtheplaceswheretheyliveandplay.Theseincludeinadequateaccesstosafe----------(59)waterandsanitation(卫生设备),insectbornediseases,airpollution,chemicalhazardsandinjuriesfromtraffic,falls,burnsanddrownings.Communitiesaroundtheworldorganizedeventstopromoteawarenessofchildren’shealthissues----------(60)includeddrawingcontestsforschoolchildreninVietnamstreetplaysinIndia,puppet（木偶）showsinNamibiaandprofessionallecturesforpolicymakersinGermanyandelsewhere.Activitiesalsotook----------(61)incitiesacrossCanadaonMonday,includingCalgary,Montreal,HalifaxandOttawa.Althoughchildrenunderfiverepresentonly10percentoftheworld’spopulation,theybear40percentoftheglobaldisease----------(62),saystheWHO.Andasmuchasone-thirdofthetotalburdenofdiseasemaybecausedbyenvironmental----------(63)WorldHealthDayhasbeencelebratedonApril7th----------(64)1950.EachyeartheWHOchoosesathemetohighlightareasofparticularconcern.Lastyear’s----------(65),MoveforHealthfocusesonpromotingphysicalactivityaspartofhealthyliving.51.AbyBtoConDat52.A.environmentsBfoodsCcolorsDdrinks53.A.lacesBchancesCtimesDposts54.AstayBpickCgrowDget55.AourByourChisDtheir56.AhandsBarmsChopesDhappiness57.ArunBreduceCtakeDregard58.AacceptedBstatedCreachedDfaced59.AdrinkingBsprayingCsplashingDworking60.AthatBwhatCwhichDsome61.AwayBorderCrouteDplace125 62.AburdenBpenaltyCsufferingDdifficulty63.AreasonsBcoursesCfactsDfactors64.AafterBsinceCinDfrom65.AconcernBareaCthemeDcelebration答案：第一部分词汇选项题123456789101112131415BABDBABCDADABCA第二部分阅读判断16171819202122AACABBC第三部分概括大意与完成句子2324252627282930BADFBDAF第四部分阅读理解第一篇3132333435CDDBA第二篇3637383940CACCD第三篇4142434445CBBCA第五部分补全短文4647484950FCBDA第六部分完型填空515253545556575859606162636465BAACDABDACDADBC125 2007年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案　　第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。　1.Thenewswillhorrifyeveryone.　　A.attract　B.terrify　C.tempt　D.excite　2.Thearticlesketched themajoreventsofthedecade.　　A.described　B.offered　C.outlined　D.presented　3.Iwon"t tolerate thatkind ofbehavior.　　A.bear　B.accept　C.admit　D.take　4.Theirstyleofplayingfootballis utterly different.　　A.barely　B.scarcely　C.hardly　D.totally　5.Hersister urged hertoapplyforthejob.　　A.advised　B.caused　C.forced　D.promised　6.Evensensiblemendoabsurd things.　　A.unusual　B.ridiculous　C.special　D.typical　7.She bumped inotherboyfriendintownthismorning.　　A.walked　B.came　C.fled　D.ran　8.Thissortofthingisbound tohappen.　　A.sure　B.quick　C.fast　D.swift　9.Attheageof30,Herseysuddenlybecameacelebrity.　　A.boss　B.manager　C.star　D.dictator　10.Hecannotdiscriminate betweenagoodideaandabadone.　　A.judge　B.assess　C.distinguish　D.recognize11.Theyareconcernedforthefateoftheforestandthelndianswhodwell init.　　A.live　B.sleep　C.hide　D.gather　12.Theindexisthegovernment"schiefgauge offutureeconomicactivity.　　A.method　B.measure　C.way　D.manner　13.Thearchitectureisharmoniousandnobuildingisoversix-storey high.　　A.old-fashioned　B.traditional　C.conventional　D.balanced　14.Thefoodisinadequate fortenpeople.　　A.demanded　B.qualified　C.insufficient　D.required　15.Shepersevered inherideasdespiteobviousobjectionsraisedbyfriends.　　A.persisted　B.insisted　C.resisted　D.suggested　　第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，第题1分，共7分）　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.TheSpanishFluEpidemic　　Ifyou"reworriedaboutthepossibilityofacomingbirdfluepidemic,youcantakecomfortinthefactthathumanityhassurvivedasimilarinfluenzaepidemicinthepast.StartingitsroundsattheendofWorldWarI,the1918flukilledanestimated50millionpeople.125 　　PopularlyknownastheSpanishFlu,thistypeofinfluenzawasfarworsethanyourcommoncold.Normally,influenzaonlykillsthosewhoaremorevulnerabletodisease,suchasnewborns,theoldorthesick.However,theSpanishFluwaspronetokillingtheyoungandhealthy.Oftenitwoulddisableitsvictimsinhours;withinaday,theywouldbedead,typicallyfromextremecasesofpneumonia（肺炎）.　　TheSpanishFluwasquitenasty-fast-spreadinganddeadly.Itmanagedtospreadacrosstheglobe,devastatingtheworld.Thensuddenly,aftertwoyearsravaging（蹂躏）theEarth,itdisappearedasquicklyasithadarisen.　　Despiteitsnickname,theSpanishFludidnotoriginateinSpain.Itstrueoriginsareunknown.SomebelieveitstartedinUSfortsandthenspreadtoEuropeasAmericajoinedthewar;othersthinkthatitpopulatedthetrenchesoftheEnglishandtheFrenchandeventuallybrokeoutin1918.Regardlessofwhereitstarted,eventuallyafifthoftheworldpopulationsufferedthedisease,withaglobalmortalityrate（死亡率）estimatedat2.5%ofthepopulation.　　Modernitywaspartlytoblameforthequickspreadofthedisease.Itpassedthroughouttheworldontraderoutesandshippinglines.IthitNorthernAmerica,Europe,Asia,AfricaandtheSouthPacific.Thewardidnothelpatall-themovementofsuppliesandtroopsaidedthespreadoftheSpanishFlu,aswellasthetrenchwarfare.Imaginethespeedatwhichaviruscanspreadinacrowdedditch.ThefastemergenceofthevirusinthetrenchescausedsomesoldierstobelievethattheSpanishFluwasanewformofbiologicalwarfare.　　Luckily,theSpanishFlusimplyvanishedby1920.Itisbelievedtheflusimplyranoutoffueltospread.　16.TheSpanishFlustartedduringWorldWarI.　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Notmentioned　17.TheSpanishFluposedagreaterthreattotheoldandthesick.　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Notmentioned　18.AstheSpanishFluwasspreading,peopleinAustraliawereworried.　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Notmentioned　19.TheSpanishFludisappearedtwoyearsafteritbrokeout.　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Notmentioned　20.TheSpanishFluwasnamedaftertheplacewhereitstarted.　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Notmentioned　21.AbouthalfofthepeopleintheworldsufferedfromtheSpanishFlu.　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Notmentioned　22.Biologicalwarfareoriginatedinthe20thcentury.　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Notmentioned　第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。FactsaboutStroke　　1．Every45seconds,someoneinAmericahasastroke.Every3.1minutes,someonediesofone.Strokekilledanestimated167,661peoplein2000andisthenation"sthirdleadingcauseofdeath,rankingbehinddiseasesoftheheartandallformsofcancer.Strokeisaleadingcauseofserious,long-termdisabilityintheUnitedStates.　　2．Strokeisatypeofcardiovascular（心血管的）disease.Itaffectsthearteries（动脉）leadingtoandwithinthebrain.Astrokeoccurswhenabloodvesselthatcarriesoxygenandnutrients（营养物）tothebrainiseitherblockedbyaclot（凝块）orbursts.Whenthathappens,partofthebraincannotgettheblood（andoxygen）itneeds,soitstartstodie.　　3．Thebrainisanextremelycomplexorganthatcontrolsvariousbodyfunctions.Ifastrokeoccursandbloodflowcan"treachtheregionthatcontrolsaparticularbodyfunction,thatpartofthebodywon"tworkasitshould.If125 thestrokeoccurstowardthebackofthebrain,forinstance,it"slikelythatsomedisabilityinvolvingvisionwillresult.Theeffectsofastrokedependprimarilyonthelocationoftheobstruction（阻塞）andtheextentofbraintissueaffected.　　4．TheAmericanStrokeAssociationhasidentifiedseveralfactorsthatincreasetheriskofstroke.Themoreriskfactorsapersonhas,thegreaterthechancethatheorshewillhaveastroke.Someoftheseyoucan"tcontrol,suchasincreasingage,familyhealthhistory,race,andpriorstroke.Butyoucanchangeortreatotherriskfactorstoloweryourrisk.Factorsresultingfromlifestyleorenvironmentcanbemodifiedwithahealthcareprovider"shelp.Someoftheseinclude:highbloodpressure,currentsmoking,heartdisease,andhighredbloodcellcount.　　5．Astrokecanhappentoanyoneatanymoment.Infactabout600,000peoplehavestrokeseveryyear.Formanyyears,therewasnohopeforthosesufferingastroke.However,recentbreakthroughshaveledtonewtreatments.Forthetreatmentstowork,thepersonmustgettoahospitalimmediately.　　23.Paragraph2　　　　　.　　24.Paragraph3　　　　　.　　25.Paragraph4　　　　　.　　26.Paragraph5　　　　　.　　A　Effectsofastroke　　B　AnnualcostofstrokeintheUS　　C　Definitionanddescriptionofastroke　　D　Breakthroughsintreatment　　E　Riskfactorsofstroke　　F　Warningsignsofastroke　　27.Whenastrokeoccurs,thearteriesleadingtoandwithinthebrain.　　28.Aperson"svisionislikelytobeaffectedifastroke.　　29.Somepeoplecanreducetheirriskofstrokeifthey.　　30.Newtreatmentsarenowavailabletopeoplewho.　　A　sufferfromastroke　　B　willbeaffected　　C　changetheirlifestyles　　D　willtakeplace　　E　occursatthebackofhis/herbrain　　F　controlsvariousbodyfunctions　　第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。　　第一篇TryingtoFindaParther　　Oneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpoll intheUKisthatofthepeopleinbterviewed,oneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith.　　Whyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationships?Doesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinlove?Orarewemakingitharderforourselves?　　Itiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn"texpecthisspousetobe insolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.　　Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeans thatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.125 　　Intheory,findingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsago,yourchoiceofsoulmate（心上人）wasconstrainedbygeography,socialconventionandfamily tradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicit,manymarriageswereessentially arranged.　　Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeon inanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster（牡蛎）,yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.　　Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice.　　Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree:goodlooks,impressivesalary,kindtograndmother,andrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.　　Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn"t,itisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon"tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcourse,thisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.　31.Whatdoestherecentpollshow?　　A.Itisgettingmoredifficultforawomantofindherhusband.　　B.Itisgettingincreasinglydifficulttostartafamilyl.　　C.Itisgettingmoredifficultforamantofindhiswife.　　D.Itis gettingincreasinglydifficulttodevelopanintimaterelationshipwithyourspouse.　32.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutacontemporarymarriedcouple?　　A.Thewifedoesn"thavetoraisethechildrenallbyherself.　　B.Thehusbanddoesn"thavetosupportthefamilyallbyhimself.　　C.Thewifeisnolongertheonlypersontomanagethehousehold.　　D.Theywillreceivealargesumofmoneyfromthegovemment.　33.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaconstraintonone"schoiceofsoulmateintheolddays?　　A.Thehealthconditionofhisorhergrandmother.　　B.Thegeographicalenvironment.　　C.Thesocialconvention.　　D.Thefamilytradition.　34.WhichofthefollowingisNOTexpectedofapartneraccordingtothispassage?　　A.Goodlooks.　　B.Animpressivecareer.　　C.Ahighsalary.　　D.Afinesense ofhumor.　35.Theword"sustain"（paragraph2）couldbebestreplacedby　　A."reduce".　　B."shake".　　C."maintain".　　D."weaken".　　第二篇ChronicDiseases:TheWorld"sLeadingKiller　　Chronicdiseasesaretheleadingcauseofdeathintheworld.Yethealthexpertssaytheseconditionsareoftenthemostpreventable.Chronicdiseasesincludeheartdisease,stroke,cancer,diabetes（糖尿病）andlungdisorders.　　TheWorldHealthOrganizationsayschronicdiseasesleadtoaboutseventeenmillionearlydeathseachyear.ThisUnitedNationsagencyexpectsmorethanthreehundredeightymillionpeopletodieofchronicdiseasesbytwothousandfifteen.Itsaysabouteightypercentofthedeathswillhappenindevelopingnations.　　TheWHOsayschronicdiseasesnowcausetwo-thirdsofalldeathsintheAsia-Pacificarea.Intenyearsit125 couldbealmostthree-fourths.Peoplearegettingsickintheirmosteconomicallyproductiveyears.Infact,expertssaychronicdiseasesarekillingmoremiddle-agedpeopleinpoorercountriesthaninwealthierones.　　TheWHOestimatesthatchronicdiseaseswillcostChinaalonemorethanfivehundredthousandmilliondollarsinthenexttenyears.Thatestimaterepresentsthecostsofmedicaltreatmentandlostproductivity.Russiaandlndiaarealsoexpectedtofacehugeeconomiclosses.　　KimHak-SuistheheadoftheUnitedNationsEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacific.LastweeninBangkokhepresentedaWHOreportontheproblem.Itsaysdeathsfromchronicdiseaseshaveincreasedlargelyastheresultofeconomicgainsinmanycountries.　　Thereportdetailsthelatestfindingsfromninecountries.TheyincludeBrazil,Britain,Canada,China,IndiaandNigeria.TheothersarePakistan,RussiaandTanzania.　　MisterKimsaysinfectiousandparasitic（寄生的）diseaseshaveuntilrecentlybeenthemainkillersinAsiaandthePacific.Buthesaystheyarenolongerthemajorcauseofdeathinmostcountries.　　Healthofficialssayasmanyaseightypercentofdeathsfromchronicdiseasescouldbeprevented.Theysayanimportanttoolforgovernmentsistorestrictthemarketingofalcoholandtobaccotoyoungpeople.Also,moreprogramsareneededtourgehealthyeatingandmorephysicalactivity.　　UNofficialsaimthroughinternationalactiontoreducechronic-diseasedeathsbytwopercenteachyearthroughtwothousandfifteen.Theysaymeetingthattargetcouldsavethirty-sixmillionlives.Thatincludestwenty-fivemillioninAsiaandthePacific.　36.Howmanypeopleindevelopingcountrieswillprobablydieofchronicdiseasesby2015?　　A.Morethan17million.　　B.Morethan380million.　　C.Morethan304million.　D.Morethan25million.　37.DuetochronicdiseasesChinawillhavetoface　　A.greatpressurefromothercountries.　　B.alimitedeconomicmarket.　　C.ashortageofthelaborforce.　　D.hugeeconomiclosses.　38.WhichcanNOTbelearnedfromthepassage?　　A.Manychronic-diseasedeathsarepreventable.　　B.Chronicdiseasesarethemajorcauseofdeathinmostcountries.　　C.Chronicdiseasesarekillingmoremiddle-agedpeoplethanelderlypeople.　　D.Eonomicgainsinmanycountrieshavecontributedtochronic-diseasedeaths.　39.UntilrecentlythemainkillersinAsiaandthePacifichavebeen　　A.economicgains.　　B.lostproductivity.　　C.chronicdiseases.　　D.infectiousandparasiticdiseases.　40.WhichisNOTmentionedasawaytopreventchronic-diseasedeaths?　　A.Timelymedicaltreatment.　　B.Healthyeating.　　C.Morephysicalactivity.　　D.Reductionindrinkingandsmoking.　　第三篇JoyceSipesandMaryEllenDodge　　WhenJoyceSipeswasdiagnosedwithbreastcancerin1999,shesharedthenewsimmediatelywithhersister125 MaryEllenDodge.MaryEllenwasthereforher-helpingherthroughtheterror,andthefear,andthethousandquestionsthatareinevitablyapartofhearingtheword"cancer".　　Fortunately,afriendatworkwhohadhadasimilardiagnosishighlyrecommendedAlonzoWalker,MD,MedicalCollegeofWisconsinsurgicaloncologist（外科肿瘤学家）anddirectoroftheFroedtert&MedicalCollegeofWisconsinBreastCancerProgram.Joycemadeanappointment.Ataninitialconsultation,Dr.WalkerspenttwohourswithJoyceandherhusband.Joycewassoreassured;shecancelledherappointmenttogetasecondopinionelsewhere.　　Ultimately,Joyce"scancerrequiredamastectomy（乳房切除术）.Reconstructivesurgerytookplacerightaway.ShecametothinkofDr.Walkerasherpartner,"notjustmydoctor."AndtheFroedtertnurses,shesays,were"veryunusualandimpressive."　　Asitturnedout,JoycewouldsoonhavethechancetodosomethingimportantforhersisterMaryEllen.Duringherowncancertreatment,JoycesuggestedthatMaryEllenshouldgetherselfcheckedthroughtheFroedtert&MedicalCollegeofWisconsinBreastCancerProgram.Inadditiontoitsopportunitiesforexaminationandscreening,thehospitalhadestablishedaprogramespeciallyforwomeninfamiliesathighriskforcancer.Sureenough,itturnedourthatMaryEllenhadsomecysts（囊肿）,oneofwhichwasdangerousenoughthatitneededtobesurgicallyremoved.She"sfinenow-thankstoJoyce"ssuggestion.　　BothsistersexperiencedfirsthandhowFroedtert&MedicalCollegeofWisconsinoffersmorethanleading-edgetechnologyandtheunmatchedexperienceofphysiciansinanacademicmedicalcenter.Itoffersacomrehensiveteamapproach-ofconsultation,collaboration,andcare-allfocusedontheindividualpatient.That"swhyJoycecametothinkofFroedtert,throughouttheprocessofhertreatment,asbeingher"securityblanket".　　JoyceSipeshasbeencancer-freefiveyearsnow-animportantmilestone（里程碑）forbreastcancersurvivors.JoyceandMaryEllenaretogetheronceagainintheirworkshopinJoyce"shome,makingthebeautifulmarketbaskets,breadbaskets,muffin（松饼）baskets,andNantucketbasketsthatthey-andtheircustomers-love.　41.WhatdidMaryEllendoforhercancer-strickensister?　　A.SherecommendedDr.Walket.　　B.Shekeptherfrombeingdisturbed.　　C.Sheaskedheralotofquestions.　　D.Shecomfortedherasmuchasshecould.　42.AftertalkingwithDr.Walker,Joycedecided　　A.togetasecondopinionelsewhere.　　B.nottoseeanyotherdoctors.　　C.togiveuptreatment.　　D.nottotrusthim.　43.ThankstoJoyce"ssuggestion,MaryEllengot　　A.anopportunitytoworkasanurse.　　B.thesamesurgicalprocedureashersister.　　C.atimelycheckandtreatmentforbreastcancer.　　D.achancetoworkfortheBreastCancerProgram.　44.WhichisNOTtrueofFroedtert&MedicalCollegeofWisconsin?　　A.Itdoesnotcaremuchabouttheindividualpatient.　　B.Itoffersmorethanleading-edgetechnology.　　C.Itsphysicianshaveuniqueexperience.　　D.Itadoptsacomprehensiveteamapproach.　45.Itcanbeseenfromthelastparagraphthatthetwosisters　　A.areleadingasadandlonelylife.　　B.arestillathighriskofbreast125 cancer.　　C.areleamingtomakevariouskindsofbaskets.　　D.verymuchenjoytheirpresentlifeandwork.　　第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）　　下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。AmericanDreams　　ThereisacommonresponsetoAmericaamongforeignwriters:theUSisalandofextremeswherethebestofthingsqrejustaseasilyfoundastheworst.Thisisacliche（陈词滥调）.　　Inthelandofblackandwhite,peopleshouldnotbetoosurprisedtofindsomeofthebiggestgapsbetweentherichandthepoorintheworld.ButtheAmericanDreamoffersawayouttoeveryone.（46）Noclasssystemorgovemmentstandsintheway.　　Sadly,thisoldargumentisnolongertrue.OverthepastfewdecadestherehasbeenafundamentalshiftinthestructureoftheAmericaneconomy.　　Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorhaswidenedandwidened.（47）　　Overthepast25yearsthemedianUSfamilyincomehasgoneup18percent.Forthetop1percent,however,ithasgoneup200percent.Twenty-fiveyearsagothetopfifthofAmericanshadanaverageincome6.7timesthatofthebottomfifth.（48）　　Inequalitieshavegrownworseindifferentregions.InCalifornia,incomesforlowerclassfamilieshavefallenby4percentsince1969.（49）ThishasledtoaneconomyhugelyinfavorofasmallgroupofveryrichAmericans.Thewealthiest1percentofhouseholdsnowcontrolathirdofthenationalwealth.Therearenow37millionAmericanslivinginpoverty.At12.7percentofthepopulation,itisthehighestpercentageinthedevelopedworld.　　YetthetaxburdenonAmerica"srichisfalling,notgrowing.（50）Therewasaneconomictheoryholdingthattherichspendingmorewouldbenefiteveryoneasawhole.Butclearlythattheoryhasnotworkedinreality.　　A．NobodyispoorintheUS.　　B．Thetop0.01percentofhouseholdshasseenitstaxbitefallbyafull25percentagepointssince1980.　　C．Forupperclassfamiliestheyhaverisen41percent.　　D．Nowitis9.8times.　　E．Asitdoesso,thepossibilitytocrossthatgapgetssmallerandsmaller.　　F．Allonehastodoistoworkhardandclimbtheladdertowards thetop.　　第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）　　下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。WorldHeartDay　　SundaywasWorldHeartDay.TheWorldHeartFederationanditsmembergroupsinmorethanonehundredcountriesorganizedthecelebrations.TheWorldHealthOrganizationandotherUnitedNationsagenciesprovidedsupportforthe（51）.　　WorldHeartDaywasfirstobservedsixyears（52）.Organizersproposedtheeventasawaytohelpreducethespreadofheartdisease.TheWorldHeartFederationsaysheart（53）killsseventeenmillionpeopleeachyear.　　Thegroupurgespeopletobeactiveandhaveagood,healthydiet.Italsowarns（54）activitiesknowntoincreaseaperson"sriskofheartattackorstroke.　　Someofthewarningsaredirectedatchildren.TheWorldHeartFederationsaysabouttwenty-twomillionboysandgirlsundertheageoffiveareobese-severelyoverweight.125 　　Childrenarenormallyenergeticandactive.（55）,twothirdsofallchildrenarenotactiveenough.Suchchildrengreatly（56）theirriskofbecomingobese.Theyalsoincreasetheir（57）ofdevelopingheartdiseaseorotherdisorders.　　OnemessageofWorldHeartDayistoeatright.Children（58）eatahealthyandbalanceddiet.Also,limitsugarydrinks,sweetsandeatingbetweenmeals.　　TheWorldHeartFederationurgesparentstokeeptheirchildren（59）.Itsaysphysicalexercisehelpstodecreasetheriskofobesityand（60）achildhealthy.Obesechildrenoftenbecomeobeseadults.（61）youbelieveyourchildistooheavy,talkwithahealthcareprovider.　　TheWorldHeartFederationisalsoconcernedabouttheeffectsoftobaccoonyoungpeople.Itsaystheyoungersomeonebeginstosmoke,the（62）thechanceofahealthproblemtiedtosmoking.Halfoftheyoungpeoplewhocontinuetosmokeare（63）todielaterinlifefromasmoking-relateddisease.　　Thegroupsaysalmosthalfofallchildrenlivewithasmoker.Itsayschildrenwholivewitha（64）canbreatheanamountoftobaccoequaltomorethantwothousandcigarettes.Andthatisbythetimetheyarefiveyearsold.　　TheWorldHeartFederationalsosaysparentsshouldwarnchildrennottobe（65）bytobaccocompanies.Anditsaysparentswhosmokeshouldtrytostop.　　51.A.group　B.event　C.organization　D.agency　　52.A.earlier　B.before　C.ago　D.past　　53.A.accident　B.health　C.disease　D.beating　　54.A.against　B.toward　C.upon　D.onto　　55.A.Therefore　B.However　C.Hence　D.But　　56.A.manage　B.lower　C.meet　D.increase　　57.A.mood　B.desire　C.age　D.risk　　58.A.may　B.might　C.should　D.will　　59.A.young　B.happy　C.early　D.active　　60.A.maintains　B.protects　C.keeps　D.helps　　61.A.If　B.Although　C.After　D.Because　　62.A.greater　B.harder　C.slimmer　D.lesser　　63.A.supposed　B.possible　C.likely　D.lucky　　64.A.patien　tB.relative　C.parent　D.smoker　　65.A.influenced　B.bought　C.employed　D.troubled2007年度职称外语等级考试标准答案卫生类A卷（A级）　　1.B　2.C　3.A　4.D　5.A　6.B　7.D　8.A　9.C　10.C　11.A　　12.B　13.D　14.C　15.A　16.A　17.B　18.C　19.A　20.B　21.B　　22.C　23.C　24.A　25.E　26.D　27.B　28.E　29.C　30.A　31.B　　32.D　33.A　34.D　35.C　36.C　37.D　38.C　39.D　40.A　41.D　　42.B　43.C　44.A　45.D　46.F　47.E　48.D　49.C　50.B　51.B　　52.C　53.C　54.A　55.B　56.D　57.D　58.C　59.D　60.C　61.A　　62.A　63.C　64.D　65.A125 2006年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案　　　第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每　题1分，共15分）　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近折选项。　1.Shewasapuzzle.　　Agirl　　Bwoman　Cproblem　Dmystery　2.Herspecialityisheartsurgery　　Aregion　　Bsite　Cfield　Dplatform　3.FrancehaskeptintimatelinkswithitsformerAfricanterritories　　Afriendly　Bprivate　Cstrong　　Dsecret　4.Youshouldhaveblendedthebutterwiththesugarthoroughly,　　Aspread　Bmixed　　Cbeaten　Dcovered　5.heindustrialrevolutionmodifiedthewholestructureofEnglishsociety.　　Adestroyed　BbrokeCsmashed　　　　Dchanged　6.Ticketsarelimitedandwillbeallocatedtothosewhoapplyfirst.　　Aposted　　Bsent　Cgiven　　Dhanded　7.Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculous.　　AconservativeBamazing　Cinsignificant　　　Dunforgettable　8.Customersoftendeferpaymentforaslongaspossible.　　Amake　Bdemand　CpostponeDobtain　9.Canadawillprohibitsmokinginallofficeslaterthisyear.　　Aban　　Bremove　　CeliminateDexpel　10.Shereadapoemwhichdepictsthesplendorofthesunset.　　AdeclaresBasserts　　CdescribesDannounces.　11.Frommystandpoint,thisthingisjustridiculous　　Afield　　Bpointofview　　　Cknowledge　　Dinformation　12.Thelatestcensusisencouraging　　AstatementBassessment　CevaluationDcount　13.Thecuriouslooksfromthestrangersaroundhermadeherfeeluneasy.　　Adifferent　Bproud　Cuncomfortable　　Dunconscious　14.Readingthejobad,hewonderedwhetherhewaseligibletoapplyforit.　　AableBfortunateCqualified　Dcompetent　15.Hewaselevatedtothepostofprimeminister.　　Apulled　　Bpromoted　CliftedDtreated　　第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提　供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.TheDoctorinAmerica　　Self-employedprivatephysicianswhochargeafeeforeachpatientvisithavebeenthenormforAmericanmedicalpractice.Mostphysicianshaveacontractrelationshipwithoneormorehospitalsintheircommunity.Theyrefertheirpatientsasneededtothehospital,whichusuallychargesaccordingtothenumberofdaysapatientstaysandthefacilities-X-rays,operatingrooms,tests-heorshe125 uses.　　Somemedicaldoctorsareonsalary.Salariedphysiciansmayworkashospitalstaffmembers,orresidents,whoareoftenstillintraining.Theymayteachinmedicalschools,behiredbycorporationstocarefortheirworkersorworkforthefederalgovernment"sPublicHealthService.　　Physiciansareamongthebest-paidprofessionalsintheUnitedStates.Inthe1980s，itwasnotuncommonformedicaldoctorsto，earnincomesofmorethan$100，000ayear.Specialists，particularlysurgeons，mightearnseveraltimesthatamount.Physicianslistmanyreasonswhytheydeservetobesowellrewardedfortheirwork.OnereasonisthelongandexpensivepreparationrequiredtobecomeaphysicianintheUnitedStates.Mostwould-bephysiciansfirstattendcollegeforfouryears，whichcancostnearly$20，000ayearatoneofthebestprivateinstitutions.Prospectivephysiciansthenattendmedicalschoolforfouryears.Tuitionalonecanexceed$10，000ayear.Bythetimetheyhaveobtainedtheirmedicaldegrees，manyyoungphysiciansaredeeplyindebt.Theystillfacethreetofiveyearsofresidency（住院医生实习期）inahospital，thefirstyearasanapprenticephysician.Thehoursarelongandthepayisrelativelylow.　　Settingupamedicalpracticeisexpensive,too.Sometimesseveralphysicianswilldecidetoestablishagrouppractice,sotheycansharetheexpenseofmaintaininganofficeandbuyingequipment.Thesephysiciansalsotakecareofeachother"spatientsinemergencies.　　Physiciansworklonghoursandmustacceptagreatdealofresponsibility.Manymedicalprocedures,evenquiteroutineones,involverisk.Itisunderstandablethatphysicianswanttobewellrewardedformakingdecisionswhichcanmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.　16ManyphysiciansintheUSareself-employedprivatephysicians　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned　17NosalariedphysiciansteachinmedicalschoolsintheUS.　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned　18Ofallemployedphysicians,thosehiredbycorporationsarebestpaid　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned　19BecomingaphysicianintheUScostsconsiderabletimeandmoney.　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned　20PhysiciansintheUSarepoorlyrewardedfortheirwork　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned　21AnyonewithamedicaldegreecansetupamedicalpracticeintheUS　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned　22TherearemoremenphysiciansthanwomenphysiciansintheUS　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned　　第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每　题1分，共8分）　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。BreakingtheNewsaboutYourDiagnosis　　1WhenIwasdiagnosedwithbreastcancernearlyayearago，Ifoundmyselfatalossforwordsatfirst.Overtime，however，Idevelopedsomepointers（点子），whichIhopewillhelpothers.　　2Duringthefirstfewweeksofemotional"aftershocks"（余悸）fromthediagnosis，Ifoundmyselfunabletouttertheword"cancer".Still，IwantedtosharethenewswithmyrelativesandfriendswhoalreadyknewthatI"dhadabiopsy（活检）andwereanxiouslyawaitingmytelephonecall.IdidthebestIcould，whichisallanyonecandointhissituation.WhenIcalledthem，Isaid，"Whatwefearedhashappened."TheyimmediatelyknewwhatImeant.3Nearlyayearaftermydiagnosis,Ifindmyselfmorecomfortabletellingpeople"1wasdiagnosedwithcancer"insteadofsaying""1havecancer."Onsomedeeplevel,Idon"twantto"own"thisillness.Chooselanguagethat125 suitsyouwhenyoushareyournews.Andkeepinmindthatthereisnoone"right"wayofdoingthis.4Mostpeople,afterhearingyourannouncement,willbecuriousaboutthenextstep.　　Theymaywonderifyouwillbeundergoingradiationtherapyand/orchemotherapy（化疗）。Theymaywonderwhereandwhenyouwillhavesurgery.Answertheirquestionsasbestyoucan，butkeepinmindthat"1don"tknowrightnow"or"I"mstillintoomuchshocktothinkaboutthat"aregoodanswers.　　5Waituntiltheinitialwaveofstrongemotionshaspassedbeforetellingthechildreninyourlife.Don"toverwhelm（使不知所措）veryyoungchildrenwithtoomuchinformation.Assurethemthat，evenifyouwillbeinthehospitalforawhile，theywillseeyoueverydayandtheywillbecaredfor.Olderchildrenmayalreadyfeartheword"cancer"，sobepreparedtoreassurethem.Emphasizethepositivestepsthatdoctorswillbetakingtotreatyourillness.　23Paragraph2　　　　　　.　24Paragraph3　　　　　　.　25Paragraph4　　　　　　.　26Paragraph5　　　　　　.　　ABreakthenewsascalmlyaspossibletochildren　　BBreakthenewsatyourownpace　　CSharethegoodnewswithyourfriends　　DChooselanguagethatsuitsyou　　EFollowyourdoctor"sadvice　　FBepreparedforpeople"scuriosity　27Youcanbreakthenewsaboutyourdiagnosiswithoutsaying（）。　28Whenbreakingthenewsaboutyourdiagnosis，youcanhave（）。　29Afterhearingaboutyourdiagnosis，peoplewillaskquestions（）。　30Veryyoungchildrenwon"tfeelcomfortable（）。　　Ayourownchoiceofwords　　Btheword"cancer"　　Cthepositivesteps　　Daboutthenextstep　　Eontoomanyanswers　　Fwithtoomuchinformation　　第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）　　下面有3篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个最佳选项。第一篇IstheTieaNecessity？Ties,orneckties,havebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.So,arethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandontheneckties?Maybe.Lastweek,theUK"sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Hehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbetreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives.　　Infact，Blairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities（知名人士）withoutties，whichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast.ForsomemoreconservativeBritish,thetieisamustforproperappearance.Earlier,LaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghan,thetilewasasignofbeingcomplete,ofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurch,toworkintheoffice,toaparty-almosteverysocialoccasion.Buttoday,peoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions.　　Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplya"band".Thetermcouldmeananything125 aroundaman"sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear（颈饰）impressedCharlesII，thekingofEnglandwhowasexiled（流放）toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660，hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim.Itwasn"t,however,untilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorful,flowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Then,clubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredandpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer"smembershipinthelate19thcentury.Afterthat,thetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen.Butnow,evengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anyway,thedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood.　31Thetiesymbolizesallofthefollowingexcept　　Arespect　　Belegance　　Cpoliteness　　Ddemocracy　32WhydoesBlairsometimesshowupinaformaleventwithoutatie?　　ABecausehewantstomakeashow,　　BBecausehewantstoattractattention.　　CBecausetiesarecostly.　　DBecausehewantstoliveinacasualway.　33WhichofthefollowingisNOTasocialoccasion?　　AGoingtochurch.　　BGoingtoworkintheoffice.　　CStayingathome.　　DGoingtoaparty.　34WhobroughttheFrenchmen"sneckweartoBritain?　　ATonyBlair.　　BCharlesll.　　CJimCallaghan.　　DAndrewTurnbull.　35WhendidBritishgentlemenbegintoweartiesregularly?　　AAfterthelate19thcentury.　　BInthe1630s.　　CIn1660.　　DInthelate18thcentury.第二篇Brain-deadMotherDiesafterGivingBirthAbrain-deadwomanwhowaskeptaliveforthreemonthssoshecoulddeliverthechildshewascarryingwasremovedfromlifesupportonWednesdayanddied,adayaftergivingbirth."Thisisobviouslyabittersweettimeforourfamily,"JustinTorres,thewoman"sbrother-in-law,saidinastatement.　　SusanTorres，acancer-stricken，26-year-oldresearcherattheNationalInstitutesofHealth，sufferedastrokeinMayafterthemelanoma（黑瘤）spreadtoherbrain.　　Herfamilydecidedtokeepheralivetogiveherfoetus（胎儿）achance.Itbecamearacebetweenthefoetus"developmentandthecancerthatwasdestroyingthewoman"sbody.DoctorssaidthatTorres"healthwasgettingworseandthattheriskofharmtothefoetusfinallyoutweighedthebenefitsofextendingthepregnancy.　　TorresgavebirthtoadaughterbyCaesareansection（剖腹产手术）onTuesdayatVirginiaHospital125 Center.Thebabywastwomonthsprematureandweighedaboutakilogram.Shewasinthenewbornintensivecareunit.　　DrDonnaTilden-Archer，thehospital"sdirectorofneonatology（新生儿学），describedthechildas"veryvigorous."Shesaidthebabyhadrespondedwhenshereceivedstimulation，indicatingshewashealthy.　　DoctorsremovedTorresfromlifesupportearlyWednesdaywiththeconsentofherhusband，JasonTortes，aftershereceivedthefinalsacrament（圣礼）oftheRomanCatholicChurch.　　"WethankallofthosewhoprayedandprovidedsupportforSusan,thebabyandourfamily,"JasonTorressaidinastatement."WeespeciallythankGodforgivinguslittleSusan.Mywife"scouragewillneverbeforgotten."English-languagemedicalliteraturecontainsatleast11casessince1979ofirreversiblybrain-damagedwomenwhoseliveswereprolongedforthebenefitofthedevelopingfoetus,accordingtotheUniversityofConnecticutHealthCenter.　　DrChristopherMcManus,whocoordinatedcare1"orSusanTorres,puttheinfant"schancesofdevelopingcanceratlessthan25percent.Hesaid19womenwhohavehadthesameaggressiveformofmelanomaasTorteshavegivenbirth,andfiveoftheirbabiesbecameillwiththedisease.　36SusanTorresdiedsoonafter　　Ashesufferedastroke.　　Bshebecamebrain-dead.　　Cshewasdiagnosedwithcancer.　　Dshegavebirthtoababy.　37Thepregnancywasstoppedbecause　　Athefoetuswasfoundseriouslyill.　　Btherisksoutweighedthebenefits.　　Ctherewasnohopetorescuethefoetus.　　OtheTortesfamilycouldn"taffordtheexpensesanymore.　38WhichisNOTtrueofthebaby?　　AShewasbornofadeadmother.　　BShewastwomonthspremature　　CSheweighedaboutakilogram.　　DShewashealthy.　39SusanTorreshadbeenputonlifesupportso　　Ashecouldlivecomfortably.　　Bshecouldseeherbaby.　　Cshecoulddiewithoutpain.　　Dshecoulddeliverherbaby.　40Thebaby"schancesofdevelopingcancerweresaidtobe　　Aabout11percent　　Baround19percent.　　Clessthan25percent.　　Dcloseto5percent.第三篇SmartExercise　　Doctorsarestartingtofindmoreandmoreinformationthatsuggestsaconnectionbetweenexerciseandbraindevelopment.JudyCameron,ascientistatOregonHealthandScienceUniversity,studiesbraindevelopment.Accordingtoherresearch,itseemsthatexercisecanmakebloodvessels,includingthoseinthebrain,strongerandmorefullydeveloped.Dr.Cameronclaimsthisallowspeoplewhoexercisetoconcentratebetter.Asshesays:125 "Whilewealreadyknowthatexerciseisgoodfortheheart,exercisecanliterallycausephysicalchangesinthebrain."　　Theeffectsofexerciseonbraindevelopmentcanevenbeseeninbabies.Babieswhodoactivitiesthatrequirealotofmovementandphysicalactivityshowgreaterbraindevelopmentthanbabieswhoarelessphysicallyactive.Withbabies，evenalittlemovementcanshowbigresults.MargaretBarnes，apediatrician（儿科医师），believesintheimportanceofexercise.Shethinksthatmanylearningdisabilitiesthatchildrenhaveinelementaryschoolorhighschoolcanbetracedbacktoalackofmovementasbabies."Babiesneedmovementthatstimulatestheirfivesenses.Theyneedtoestablishaconnectionbetweenmotionandmemory.Inthisway，astheygetolder，childrenwillbegintoassociatephysicalactivitywithhigherlearning，"saysMargaret.　　Olderpeoplecanbeefuptheirbrainsaswell.CornellUniversitystudiedagroupofseniorsranginginagefromseventytoseventy-nine.Theirstudyshowedashort-termmemoryincreaseofupto40percentafterexercisingjustthreehoursaweek.Theexercisedoesnothavetobeverydifficult,butitdoeshavetoincreasetheheartrate.Also,justlikethemotionforinfants,exerciseforolderpeopleshouldinvolvesomecomplexity.Learningsomenewskillsormotionshelpstoopenupmemorypathsinthebrainthatmaynothavebeenusedforalongtime.　　Formostpeople,anytypeofphysicalactivitythatincreasestheheartrateishelpful.Themaingoalistoincreasethebrain"sflowofblood.Andyourbraincanbenefitfromaslittleastwotothreehoursofexerciseaweek.　41ResearchbyDr.Cameronseemstosuggestthatexercisecan　　Ageneratenewbloodvessels.　　Bchangethewayapersonthinks.　　Cpromotebraindevelopment.　　Ddivertone"sattention.　42MargaretBarnesthinksthatalackofmovementininfancycan　　Aleadtolearningtroubleslater.　　Bcausephysicaldisabilitieslater.　　Cstimulatethefivesenses.　　Dbringaboutchangesinthebrain.　43Theexpression"beefup"inparagraph3means　　A"control".　　B"strengthen".　　C"operate".　　D"encourage".　44Tobebeneficial,exerciseforolderpeopleshould　　Abedoneinagroup.　　Bbedoneonadailybasis.　　Cinvolvegreatdifficulty.　　Dincreasetheheartrate.　45Thetitleofthepassageimpliesthat　　Aonlysmartpeopledoexercise.　　Bexercisecanbesmartorstupid.　　Cexercisekeepsthebrainstrong.　　Ditisfashionabletodoexercise.　　第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）125 　　下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。HowDidSheConquertheAmericans?　　African-AmericantalkshowqueenOprahWinfreyistheworld"smostpowerfulcelebrity，accordingtoForbesmagazine.（46）　　Winfrey,51,draws30millionviewersweeklyintheUnitedStates.Hertalkshowreaches112countries.SheearnedUS$225millionoverthepast12monthstoranksecondincelebrityriches.　　TheannualForbeslistgivesmostweighttoannualearnings.（47）"After21years,herexcitingchatshowstillrulestheairwaves.Itcreatednewcelebritiesandhundredsofmillionsofdollarsinprofits,"themagazinesaid.Winfreyismostpopularwithherpopulartalkshow"TheOprahWinfreyShow".Shecanalwaysattractthesuperstarsandletthemopenuptoherintimateinterviewingstyle.　　Lastmonth，AmericanactorTomCruise，42，surprisedfanswhenhecelebratedhisnewromancewith26-year-oldactressKatieHolmes.Fiejumpedupanddown，shouting"I"minlove."Onlyafewyearsago，Cruiseandhisex-wifeNicoleKidmanappearedseparatelyonthesameshowtellingthenewsoftheirdivorce."（48）　　Winfrey"sapproachappearstobesimple.Sheisinpursuitofself-improvementandself-empowerment（自强）。Thishasprovedtobejustwhatpeople，especiallywomen，want.Winfreyoftentalksaboutherpersonalsecretsonhershow.Thatpullsinviewers.Forexample,sherevealedthatshehadbeensexuallyabusedasachild,andhasspokenfreelyofherstrugglewithherweight.　　WinfreywasborntoapoorfamilyinMississippiin1954.（49）Atthewomantoageof19，shebecametheyoungestpersonandthefirstAfrican-Americananchor（主持）anewsprogramme.Hersuccesshasnotjustbeenonthescreen.Hermediagroupincludesawomen"sTVnetworkandwebsitesforwomen.　　Winfrey"sworkhasextendedtosocialchange.（50）ShetestifiedbeforetheUSSenatetoestablishanationaldatabaseofdangerouschildabusers.PresidentBillClintonlatersigned"OprahBill"intolaw.　　A　Butitalsolooksatthecelebrity"spresenceontheInternetandinthemedia.　　B　In1991，shedidalotofworkfortheNationalChildProtectionAct　　C　Shewasnotaverysuccessfulwoman.　　D　Shebeganbroadcastingwhilestillathighschool.　　E　ItplacedWinfreyatthetopofitsannualrankingofthe100peoplelastweek　　F　Thecouplehadbeentight-lippedabouttheirbreak-up.　　第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）　　下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。StudyConfirmsRedMeatLinkwithBowed（结肠）Cancer　　Peoplewhoeatmorethan160gramsofredorprocessedmeatadayare35percentmorelikelytodevelopbowelcancerthanthosewhoearless（51）20gramsaday，accordingtooneofthebiggestnutritioninvestigationsevercarriedout.　　TheEuropeanProspectiveInvestigationintoCancerandNutritionfollowed478，040menandwomen（52）35to70from10Europeancountries.　　Allsubjectswerefreeofcanceratenrollmentbetween1992and1998，but（53）anaveragefollow-upofalmost5years1，329bowelcancershadbeenreported.　　Thesubsequentanalysis，publishedintheJournaloftheNationalCancerInstitute，confirmsthelong-heldsuspicion（54）highintakes（纳入量）ofredmeatareassociatedwithincreasedbowel（55）risk.Aftertakingintoconsiderationfactorslikeage,sex,height,weight,energyintakephysicalactivity,smoking,andalcoholconsumption,theinvestigatorsfoundthatbowelcancerwas(56)withintakeofredandprocessedmeat125 butnotchicken.　　Riskofbowelcancerdroppedwithincreasingintakeoffish.Eatingmorethan80gramsadayoffishwasassociated　　　　　（57）a31percentreductioninriskcomparedwitheatinglessthan10gramsa（58）Subjectswithhighredmeatandlowfishintakewereat63percenthigher"riskofbowelcancercomparedwithsubjectswithlowredmeatandhighfish(59).Inaddition,theriskofdevelopingthediseasewasincreasedfor(60)peoplewhoatealowfibrediet.　　SheilaBingham，studyinvestigatorattheUK"sMedicalResearchCouncilnutritionunit，said："Peoplehavesuspectedforsometimethathighlevelsofredandprocessedmeat（61）riskofbowelcancer，butthisisoneofthelargeststudiesworldwideandthefirstfromEuropeofthistypetoshowa（62）relationship."Sheaddedinastatement:"q-heoverallpictureisveryconsistentforredandprocessedmeatandfibreacrossallthe(63)populationsstudied."　　Studycoordinator，ElioRiboli，oftheWorldHealthOrganisationInternationalAgencyforResearchintoCancer，said："Otherriskfactorsfor（64）cancerincludeobesity（肥胖）andlackofphysicalactivity.Smokingandexcessalcoholmayalsoplaya（65）。Thesefactorswerealltakenintoaccountintheanalysis　　51AfromBthanCbetweenDamong　　52AagingByearsCagedDranging　　53AbeforeBafterCsinceDwhen　　54AthatBwhichCwhetherDwhy　　55AillnessBcancerCproblemDdeath　　56ApresentedBselectedCcontrastedDassociated　　57AwithBintoCforDagainst　　58AmonthByearCdayDweek　　59AhabitBexperienceCharvestDintake　　60AtheseBmuchCthoseDthat　　61AincreaseBlowerCmeetDshow　　62AstrongBpoorCweakDcasual　　63AAsianBAmericanCEuropeanDAfrican　　64AnewBorganCfatalDbowel　　65AfactorBroleCriskDchance2006年职称英语等级考试试卷－卫生类（A级）（答案）　1D2C3A4B5D6C7B8C9A10C11B12D13C14C15B16A17B18C19A20B21B22C23B24D25F26A27B28A29D30F31D32D33C34B35A36D37B38A39D40C41C42A43B44D45C46E47A48F49D50B51B52C53B54A55B56D57A58C59D60C61A62A63C64D65B125 2005年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案第l部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)   下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1Thesearetheirmotivesfordoingit   A reasons   B excusesCanswers   Dplans2Theriverwidensconsiderablyasitbeginstoturnwest   Atwists   B stretches   C broadens   D bends3Henrycannotresistthelureofdrugs．Aabuse   B flavor Ctemptation   D consumption4Theseprogrammesareofimmensevaluetooldpeople．   A natural   B fatal  CtinyDenormous5Agreatdealhasbeendonetoremedy．ythesituationA maintain   B improveC assess   Dprotect6 JohniscollaboratingwithMaryinwritinganarticle A cooperating   B competing C combiningD arguing7Heisdeterminedtoconsolidatehispower A strengthen   B control C abandon   D exercise8 ManyscientistshavebeenprobingpsychologicalproblemsA solvingB exploringC settlingD handling9Hearingproblemsmaybealleviatedbychangesindietandexercisehabits   A removed   B cured   Cworsened   Drelieved   10AnthecarsaretestedfordefectsbeforeleavingthefactoryAfunctionsB faultsC motionsDparts11Thefoodisinsufficientforthreepeople．   A instant   B infinite   CinexpensiveD inadequate12Thousandsofpeopleperishedinthestorm． Adied   Bsuffered C floatedD scattered13Butintheendheapprovedofourproposal A undoubtedly   B certainly C ultimatelyD necessarily14Foryoungchildren，gettingdressedisacomplicatedbusiness· Astrange   Bcomplex CpersonalD funny15InBritainandmanyothercountriesappraisalisnowatoolofmanagement．A evaluationBproductionCefficiencyDpublicity第2部分；阅读判断 (第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)   阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑：如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。StemCellTherapyMayHelpRepairtheHeartAccordingtoscientistsintheUSA，stemcelltherapymayonedaybeabletorepairtheheartsofpeoplewithheartfailure．ResearchersatPittsburghUniversitySchoolofMedicineexamined20patientswhohadsevereheartfailureandweregoingtohavesurgery．   Theyinjectedstemcellsintothepartsoftheirheartsthatweredamaged，Theythencomparedtheirheartswiththoseofpeoplewhohadundergonesurgerywithouthavingthestemcellsinjectedintothem(theyhadalsosufferedfromsevereheartfailure)．Thepatientswhohadhadthestemcellsinjectedhadheartsthatwereabletopump(用泵抽运)morebloodthantheothers．125    AccordingtoProfessorRobertKormos，oneoft11eresearchers，theseresultscouldrevolutionizehearttreatment．Althoughpreviousstudieshadindicatedthattheremightbeabenefit，thisisthefirststudythathasactuallyprovedthatstemcelltherapycanhelpthefailingheartworkbetter． Allthepatientsinthisstudyhadheartsthatcouldnotpumpbloodproperly．Thescientistsmeasuredtheirejectionfraction(射血分数)．1札sisameasureofheartperformance；youmeasurehowmuchbloodisbeingpumpedoutbytheleftventricle(心室) Healthypeople’sejectionfractionisabout55％．Thesepatientshadejectionfractionofunder35％．Theya11hadby-passsurgery(搭桥手术)performedonthem．Someofthepatientshadstemcellstakenfromtheirhipbonesandinjectedinto25-30sitesinthedamagedheartmuscle，Sixmonthslatertheirejectionfractionratewas46．1％whilethosewhojusthadsurgerybutnostemcellinjectionsaveraged372％． Nosideeffectswerereposed． Heartfailureisacommonproblemallovertheworld．IntheUKaloneabout650,000peoplesufferfromheartfailureeveryyear．Asthenumberofpeoplesufferingfromheartfailureincreasesintheworldingeneralthesefindingsareparticularlysignificant． Currenttreatmentsrelievethesymptoms．Thisnewstemcelltherapyactuallyrepairsthedamagedmuscleintheheartandhasthepotentialofcuringthedisease．16The20patientshadstemcellinjectionsinsteadofsurgery． ARight   B Wrong   CNotmentioned17Theexperimentprovedtobesatisfactory． A Right   B Wrong   C Notmentioned18Thecontrolgrouppatientsregrettednothavinghadstemcellinjections． ARight   B Wrong   C Notmentioned19Thestudyactuallyprovedforthefirsttimethebenefitofstemcelltherapy A Right   B Wrong   C Notmentioned20Theejectionfractionrateofthepatientswithstemcellinjectionsdecreased． A Right   B Wrong   C Notmentioned21HeartfailureismorecommonintheUKthananywhereelseintheworld． A Right   B Wrong   C Notmentioned22Stemcelltherapyseemstohavegreatprospects． A Right   B Wrong   C Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)   阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1—4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。TheDrinkYourBodyNeedsMost1Ourbodiesareestimatedtobeabout60％to70％water．Bloodismostlywater．andourmuscles，lungs，andbrainallcontainalotofwater．Waterisneededtoregulatebodytemperatureandtoprovidethemeansfornutrients(滋养物)totraveltoalloarorgans．Wateralsotransportsoxygentoourcells，removeswaste，andprotectsourjointsandorgans．2welosewaterthroughurination(排尿)，respiration(呼吸)，andbysweating．Ifyouareveryactive，youlosemorewaterthanifyoudonottakemuchexercise．Symptomsofmilddehydration(脱水)includechronicpainsinjointsandmuscles，lowerbackpain，headaches，andconstipation(便秘)．Astrongsmelltoyoururine，alongwithayellowcolorindicatesthatyouarenotgettingenoughwater．Thirstisanobvioussignofdehydrationandinfact，youneedwaterlongbeforeyoufeelthirsty．3 Agoodruleofthumb(好的做法)istotakeyourbodyweightinpoundsanddividethatnumberinhalf．Thatgivesyouthenumberofounces(盎司)ofwaterperdaythatyouneed．Forexample．ifyouweigh160pounds，youshoulddrinkatleast80ouncesofwaterperday．Ifyouexerciseyoushoulddrinkanother8-ounceglassofwaterforevery20minutesyouareactive．Ifyoudrinkcoffeeoralcohol，youshouldaddatleastanequalamountofwater．Whenyouaretravelingonanairplane，itisgoodtohave8ouncesofwaterforeveryhouryouareonboardtheplane．   125 4 Itmaybedifficulttodrinkenoughwateronabusyday．Besureyouhavewaterhandyatalltimesbykeepingabottleforwaterwithyouwhenyouareworking，traveling，orexercising．Ifyougetboredwithplainwater,addabitoflemonforatouchofflavor．Therearesomebrandsofflavoredwateravailable，butsomeofthemhavesugarorartificialsweetenersthatyou1dQn》，need23Paragraph1_______24Paragraph2_______25Paragraph3_______26Paragraph4_______A OuncesofWaterNeededPerDayB ImportanceofWaterC CompositionofWaterD SignsofDehydrationE SupplyofWaterF NecessityforBringingaBottlefor   WaterwithYou27Onecannot1ive______28Dehydrationmayoccurifthereisashortageofwater_____29Theamountofwateryourbodyneedsperdayiscloselyrelated______30Don’tforgettodrinkenoughwatereven______第4部分：阅读理解 (第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)   下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇MoreThanaRidetoSchool   TheNationalEducationAssociationclaims．“Theschoolbusisamirrorofthecommunity．”Theyfurtheraddthat，unfortunately，whatappearsontheexteriordoesnotalwaysreflecttherealityofachosencommunityTheyareright—sometimesitreflectsmore!JustaskLieslDensonRidingtheschoolbushasbeenmorethanaridetoschoolforLiesl BruceHardy，schoolbusdriverforAlthouseBusCompanyhasbeenLiesl’Sbusdriversincekindergarten．LastyearwhenLiesl’SfamilymovedtoParkesburg，knowingherbuswentbyhernewresidence，sherequestedtoridethesamebus.ThisyearLieslisaseniorandwillenjoyherlastyearridingthebusShesays，“ItSbeenagreatridesofar!MybusdriverisSOcootandhasalwaysbeenagoodfriendandagoodlistener．Sometimeswhenyou’reachildadultsdonotthinkthatwhatyouhavetosayisimportant．Mr．Hardyalwayslistenstowhatyouhavetosayandmakesyoufeelimportant．”HerfriendsAshleyBatistaandAmandaWolfeagree． BruceHardyhasbeenmakingOctorarastudentsfeelspecialsince1975．Thisyearhewillcelebrate30yearsworkingforAlthouseBusCompany．LarryAlthouse，presidentofthecompanyacknowledgesBruceHardy’Soutstandingrecord：“YoudonotcomebyemployeeslikeBrucethesedays．Hehasnevermissedadayofworkandhasaperfectdrivingrecord．Hewasrecognizedin2000bythePennsylvaniaSchoolBusAssociationfordriving350，000accidentfreemiles．Hardy’Sreputationismadefurtherevidentthroughtherelationshipshehasmadewiththestudentsthatridehisbus．” Althousefurtheradds，“AlthouseBusCompanywasestablished70yearsagoandhasbeenprovidingqualitytransportationeversince．MygrandfatherStartedthebusinesswithonebus-AlthouseBusCompanyisdellghtedtohavetheopportunitytobringdistinctiveandsafeservicetoourlocalschoolandcommunityandlooksforwardtocontinuingtoprovidequalityserviceformanymoreyearstocome．’’   Threegenerationsofbusinessisnotallthecompanyhase~oyed．ThankstodriverslikeBruceHardy,theyhavebeenbuildingrelationshipsthroughgenerations．Liesl’SmotherCarolalsoenjoysfondmemoriesofridingBruceHardy’SbustotheOctoraraSchoolDistrict．31Theword“mirror’’inthefirstlinecouldbebestreplacedby   A “vehicle”．   B “device”125    C “need”   D “reflection”．32BraceHardyhasbeenworkingwithAlthouseBusCompany A for30years． B for70years． C sincelastyear D since200033WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofBruceHardy? AHeispopularwithhispassengers BHehasnevermissedadayofwork． CHeisanimpatientperson． DHehasdriven350．000accidentfreemiles．34AlthouseBusCompanywasfoundedbv A LarryA1thouse B Althouse’Sgrandfather． C Liesl’Smother． D AshleyBatista35AlthouseBusCompanypaysmuchattentionto A employingyoungdrivers． B runningqualityschools． Cprovidingfreedrivinglessons． D buildingsoundrelationships．第二篇Diabetes(糖屎病)andEyeDamage   0vet2millionCanadianshavediabetes．ItistheleadingcauseofblindnessinNorthAmericansunder65yearsofageDiabetesisaconditionwherethebodyeithercannotproduceenoughinsulin(胰岛素)orcannotrespondproperlytoinsulin．Insulinisimportantbecauseitmovesglucose(葡萄糖)，asimplesugar．intothebody’Scellsfromtheblood．Thefoodpeopleeatprovidesthebodywithglucose，whichisusedbythecellsasasourceofenergy．Ifinsulinisn’tavailableordoesn’tworkcorrectlytomoveglucosefromthebloodintothecells，glucosewillstayintheblood，leadingtohighbloodsugarlevels． Highbloodsugarlevelsdamagethebloodvessels，includingthetinybloodvesselsintheeye．Thisleadstoaneyediseaseknownasdiabeticretinopathy(糖尿病型视网膜病)．Theretina(视网膜)isanareaatthebackoftheeyethatchangeslightintonervesignals．Withdiabeticretinopathy，somebloodvesselsintheretinaarelost，andsomeoftheotherbloodvesselsbeginto“leak"’bloodThiscausestheretinatoswell．andgraduallycutsoffitssupplyofoxygenandnutrients(滋养物)．Eventually，theretinastartstogrownewbloodvesselstoreplacethedamagedones．Unfortunately，thesenewvesselsarenotasstrongastheoldonesTheyaremorelikelytobreak，causingbleedingintheeye Atfirst，peoplewithdiabeticretinopathywillnotnoticeanysymptoms．Asthediseasegetsworse，theymaynoticeblurred(模糊的)vision，blackspotsorflashinglights．Astimegoeson，itCanprogresstoblindnessEveryonewithdiabetesisatriskfordiabeticretinopathy，andtheriskincreasesthelongeryou’vehaddiabetes Fortunately，youcanreduceyourriskIfyoudonothavediabetes，butthinkyoumaybeatriskforthiscondition．visityourdoctortobescreenedfordiabetes．Ifyoud0havediabetes： Havefrequenteyecheck—ups． MakesurethatyoumonitoryourbloodsugarfrequentlyanduseyourmedicationsasrecommendedbyyourdoctorThereisevidencetoshowthatkeepingyourbloodsugarundertightcontrolcanslowdowneyedamage Ifyouhavehighbloodpressure，followyourrecommendeddietandmedicationstokeepitundercontrol．Ifyouarenotsurewhetheryouhavehighbloodpressure，orwhetheryourbloodpressureisundercontrol，discussthiswithyourdoctor.36Glucosecannotbeturnedintoenergyinthebody   A withoutdiabetes．   B withoutsugar．   C withoutinsulin   D withoutfood．37Theword“its”inthesecondparagraphrefersto A“thenerve’t125  B“theblood’t C“theeye’t D“theretina’t38Withdiabeticretinopathy，thedamagedbloodvesselsintheretina A arestrongerthanwhattheyusedtobe． B cannotbeproperlyreplaced． C aremorelikelytobreakthanthenewones． D mayreturntonormalagain39Theworsteyedamageinducedbydiabetesis   A blurredvision   B blackspots．   C blindness．   D flashinglights．40Toslowdowneyedamage，peoplewithdiabetesshouldtryto A useasmanymedicationsastheycan． B eataslittleaspossible． C wearglassesasoftenaspossible． Dkeeptheirbloodsugarundertightcontr01．第三篇MilkThatPaidaMediealBillOneday，apoorboywhowassellinggoodsfromdoortodoortopayhiswaythroughschoolfoundhehadonlyonethindime(10分钱)left，andhewashungry． Hedecidedhewouldaskforamealatthenexthouse．However,helosthisnervewhenalovelyyoungwomanopenedthedoor．Insteadofamealheaskedforadrinkofwater．Shethoughthelookedhungrysoshebroughthimalargeglassofmilk．Hedrankitslowly，andthenasked．“HowmuchdoIoweyou?…‘Youdon’towemeanything”shereplied．“Motherhastaughtusnevertoacceptpayforakindness．”Hesaid．“ThenIthankyoufrommyheart．” AsHowardKellyleftthathouse，henotonlyfeltstrongerphysically，buthisfaithinGodAndmanwasstrongalsoHehadbeenreadytogiveupandquit． Yearslaterthatyoungwomanbecamecriticallyi11．Thelocaldoctorswerebaffled(感到困惑)．Theyfinallysenthertothebigcity，wheretheycalledinspecialiststostudyherraredisease．DrHowardKellywascalledinfortheconsultationWhenheheardthenameofthetownshecamefrom．astrangelightfilledhiseyes．Immediatelyheroseandwentdownthehallofthehospitaltoherroom．Dressedinhisdoctor’sgownhewentintoseeher．HerecognizedheratonceHewentbacktotheconsultationroomdeterminedtodohisbesttosaveherlife．FromthatdayhegavespecialattentiontothecaseAfteralongstruggle，thebattlewaswon． Dr．Kellyrequestedthebusinessofficetopassthefinalbilltohimforapproval．HelookedAtitthenwrotesomethingontheedgeandthebillwassenttoherroom．Shefearedtoopenit．forshewassureitwouldtaketherestofherliretoPayforitallFinallyshelooked．andsomethingCaughtherattentiononthesideofthebillShereadthesewords：“Paidinfullwithoneglassofmilk．”Tearsofjoyfloodedhereyesasherhappyheartprayed：“ThankYou，God，thatY0urlovehasspreadabroadthroughhumanheartsandhands．”41Theboysoldgoodsfromdoortodoorbecause Ahewantedtohelpsupporthisfamily． Bheneededmoneyforschool， Chehadtopaybackastudentloan Dhedidnothaveenoughpocketmoney．42Butfortheyoungwoman’skinddeed，theboycould Ahavegivenupandquit Bhavesoldmoregoods． Chaveowedabigdebt． Dhavebecomeasalesman43Whentheboyandtheyoungwomanmetagainyearslater Atheyhadbothchangedbeyondrecognition．125  B neitherrememberedtheirpreviousmeeting CtheboyhadbecomeamedicalspecialistDthewomanhadcometostayinthebigcity．44DrKellygavespecialattentiontothecasemainlybecauseA itwasararediseaseBhefellinlovewiththewoman．Chewaseagertodistinguishhimself．Dhewantedtorepaythewomanforhergreatkindness45Amongotherthings，thestoryshowsthat A goodwillberewardedwithgood． Bitisokaytoacceptpayforakindness． C itiswiseneithertoborrownortolend． Dwherethere’Sawillthere’Saway．第5部分：补全短文 (第46—50题，每题2分，共10分)   阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。EveryDogHasItsSayKimikoFukuda，aJapanesegirl，alwayswonderedwhatherdogwastryingtosayWheneversheputonmakeup，itwouldpullathersleeve．______(46)Whenthedogbarks，sheglancesatasmallelectronicgadget(装置)Thefollowing“human”translationappearsonitsscreen：“Pleasetakemewithyou．”“Irealizedthat’Showhewasfeeling．”saidFukuda．ThegadgetiscalledBowlingual，andittranslatesdogbarksintofeelings．PeoplelaughedwhentheJapanesetoymakerTakaraCompanymadetheworld’Sfirstdog-humantranslationmachinein2002But300，000Japanesedogownersboughtit______(47) ‘Nobodyelsehadthoughtaboutit，”saidMasahikoKajita，whoworksforTakara．‘Wespendsomuchtimetrainingdogstounderstandourorders；whatwoulditbelikeifwecouldunderstanddogs?”Bowlingualhastwoparts_____(48)Thetranslationisdoneinthegadgetusingadatabase(资料库)containingeverykindofbark． Basedonanimalbehaviourresearch，thesenoisesaredividedintosixcategories：happiness，sadness，frustration，anger，declarationanddesire．_____(49)Inthisway，thedatabasescientificallymatchesabarktoanemotion，whichisthentranslatedintooneof200phrases． WhenavisitorwenttoFukuda’Shouserecently,thedogbarkedaloud‘"bowWOW”．Thistranslatedas“Don’tcomethisway”_______(50) TheproductwillbeavailableinUSpetstoresthissummerforaboutUS$120Itcanupto100barks，evenrecordingthedog’Semotionswhentheownerisaway．A Awirelessmicrophoneisattachedtothedog’Scollar,whichsendsinformationtothe gadgetheldbytheowner,B NobodyreallyknowshowadogfeelscItwasfollowedby“I’mstrongerthanyou”asthedoggrowled(嗥叫)andsniffed(嗅)   atthevisitor．D MorecustomersareexpectedwhentheEnglishversionislaunchedthissummerE Now，theJapanesegirlthinkssheknows．F Eachoneoftheseemotionsisthenlinkedtoaphraselike“Let’Splay”．“Lookatme’’ or“Spendmoretimewithme”．第6部分：完形填空 (第5卜65题，每题1分，共15分)   阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。WhatIsAnthrax(炭疽)? There’Sbeenalotoftalkaboutanthraxonthenewslately．Somepeopleareworriedthatanthraxmaybeconnectedtoterroristattacksorthatterroristsmayspreadthegermthat_____(51)thedisease．Federalofficialsandpoliceareinvestigatingthisandtaking______(52)toprotectus.125 Inthemeantime，it"Simportantnottopanicoveranthrax．ThechancesthatyouandyourFamily________(53)atriskareverytiny．Oneofthewaysyoucanfeelbetteristoleamaboutanthrax．Whenyouknowwhatitisand_____(54)youcangetit，itdoesn’tseemquiteasscary．So，what______(55)isanthrax?Herearethefactsonanthrax：AnthraxisabacterialinfectioncausedbyagermAlthoughit’Smostcommoninfarm_____(56)，likesheep，COWS，pigs，horses，andgoats，there’Saverysmallchancethatpeoplecangetit，too， Anthraxspores(孢子)(aversionofthegerminaprotectiveshellthatcanliveinthesoilforyears)causethedisease．Peoplemaygetanthraxiftheyareexposedtoanthrax_____(57)Buthere’Stheimportantpart：justbeingexposedtothesesporesdoesn’tmeanthatapersonwillget_____(58)． Forapersontogetsick，hewouldhavetobreatheinthousandsofthesesporesa11thewayIntohis_____(59)．Orhe’dhavetoeatmeatcontaminatedwithanthraxorhandle_____(60)thathasanthraxsporesThismaysoundscary,butevenwhenapersoncomes_____(61)contactwiththespores，it’Sunlikelythathe’11getsick．_______(62)thebacteriadonotgetintotheskin，digestivetract，orlung，thediseasewon’tdevelop． Anthraxisnotspreadfrompersontopersonthewaytheflucanspreadfromfamilymemberto______(63)memberorclassmatetoclassmateAnthraxcanalmostalwaysbesuccessfullytreatedwithantibiotics(抗生素)．Anthraxisveryrare．Untilrecently，anthraxwasn’teventalkedaboutbecauseitwassorare—anditstill_______(64)!Evenwithalloftheanthraxcasesyouarehearingaboutrightnow，aperson’schancesofgettinganthraxareaboutthe_____(65)astheywerebeforeyouheardaboutanthraxonthenews——very,verylow51Aralses     Bcauses    Ctakes     Dmoves52Ameasures  Bwavs      Cacts     Ddeeds53Aare       Blook       Cpose     Dturn54Amat       Bwhat       Chow     Dwhom55Anamely    Bfrankly     Cproperly Dexactly56Aplaces     Banimals    ChouseholdsDinsects57Agerms     Binfections   Crisks     Dspores58Asick       Bfrightened   Cwrong    Dworse59Astomach    Blung       Cmouth   Dskin60Asomething  Banything    Cwhat      Dwhich61Ainto        Bthrough    Cby       Donto62AUnless      BIf         CAlthough  DBefore63Afarnily       Bother     Canother    Dcommunity64Aso         Bis          Cexists     Ddoes65Acase       Bsame       Crate       Dscore满分100分，其中1—15每题1分：16—30每题1分：31--45每题3分；46—50每题2分：51—65每题1分。2005年职称英语等级考试卫生类 (A级)答案1A 2．C 3C 4D 5．B6．A 7A 8．B 9．D 10B1lD 12A 13．C 14．B 15A16B 17A 18．C 19．A 20．B21．C 22A 23B 24．D 25．A26F 27．B 28．A 29．F 30．E31．D 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．D36．C 37D 38．B 39．C 40．D41．B 42．A 43C 44．D 45．A46E 47．D 48．A 49．F 50．C125 51B 52A 53．A 54．C 55．D56．B 57D 58．A 59．B 60．A61A 62．B 63．A 64．B 65．B2005年职称英语等级考试卫生类 (A级)题解第1部分：词汇选项   1 A motive：动机；reason：理由。这两个词意思比较接近。Thereisnoreasontodoubthisword．没有理由不相信他的话。excuse：借口。answer：回答；plan：计划。   2 C widen和broaden都有“拓宽”的意思。twist：弯曲；stretch：延伸。Theforests  stretchforhundredsofmiles．森林绵延数百英里。bend：弯曲。   3 Clure：吸引。temptation：吸引。这两个词意思相近。abuse：滥用；flavor：滋味：consumption：消费。   4D immense和enormous都有“巨大的”意思。Itwasanenormousdisappointment．此事太令人失望了。natural：自然的；tiny：微小的；fatal：致命的。   5 B remedy：补救；improve：改进。这两个词意思相近。Herbalmedicinecanbeusedtoimproveourhealth．草药可用于增进我们的健康。maintain：保持；protect：保护；assess：评估。 6 Acollaborate：合作；勾结；cooperate：合作。 Shehasagreedtocooperatewiththepoliceintheinvestigation．她同意在调查中跟警察合作。compete：竞争。combine：合并；argue：争论。   7 Aconsolidate：巩固；strengthen：巩固，加强。TostrengthenhispositioninParliament．heheldtalkswithleadersofthePeasantParty．为了加强在国会中的地位，他跟农民党的领导人进行了会谈。control：控制。abandon：放弃；exercise：行使。   8 Bprobe：探索；explore：探索。这两个词意思很相近。Bothpartiesareexploring waysofsettlingthedispute．双方都在寻求解决争端的办法。solve：解决；settle：解决；handle：处理。   9D alleviate：减轻。relieve：减轻；变小。remove：去掉；切除。cure：治疗。 worsen：严重。   10Bdefect：缺陷；faults：缺陷；function：功能：motion：意向。part：部分。   11Dinsufficient：不充分的；inadequate：不充分的。Suppliesoffoodandmedicineareinadequate．食物和药品供应不足。instant：迫切的；infinite：无限的。inexpensive：不贵的。   12A perish：死亡；die：死亡。Theoldmanwilldiesoon．这个老人很快会死去osuffer：蒙受；float：漂浮；scatter：散乱。   13Cin theend：最后；ultimately：最后。Thefoodultimatelyarrivedattheendoflastmonth．食品终于在上月末运到了。undoubtedly：无疑地；certainly：当然；necessarily：必定地。14B complicated：复杂的；complex；复杂的。Theissueisverycomplex．这个问题太复杂了。strange：奇怪的；personal．个人的。funny)r：有趣的。15A appraisal：评价；evaluation：评价。Evaluationisstandardpracticeforalltraining评价是各种教育通常的做法。production：生产；efficiency：效率。publicity：出名。第2部分：阅读判断   16B 文章第一段中的第二句话和第五段中的第三句话表明，这20名病人也接受手   术治疗。 17A 文章第二段表明，干细胞注射实验效果很好。 18c 文章没有提及对照组病人是否抱怨没有接受干细胞注射。 19A 文章第三段表明，该实验首次证明了干细胞治疗的长处。 20B 文章第五段表明，接受干细胞注射的病人射血分数率增加了而不是降低了。 21c 文章第八段只是通过英国的例子来说明，心衰是世界范围的常见病，但并没有提及心衰是否在英国要比世界其他任何地方更严重。 22A 文章最后一段表明干细胞治疗前景可观。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子   23B 文章第一段主要讲的是水对人体的重要性。人体约有百分之六七十是由水组成的，体温的调节离不开水，滋养物运行到各器官离不开水，排除废物等亦都离不开水。125    24D 文章第二段主要讲脱水的征兆，其中包括关节与肌肉的慢性疼痛、腰痛、头痛、便秘、口渴等。   25A 文章第三段主要讲人体每天所需的基本饮水量以及一些特殊情况下所需的饮水量。   26F 文章第四段主要讲随身携带水瓶及时饮水的必要性。   27B 从文章的第一段可以得知，人若离开水是活不下去的。   28A 从文章的第二段可以得知，人体缺水便可产生脱水现象。   29F 文章第三段讲到，人体每天需饮水量与人的体重有密切关系。   30E 文章第四段讲到，即使再忙也不要忘了喝水。第4部分：阅读理解   31D mirror和reflection都有“反映”的意思。reflection的动词是reflect，在第一段中出现了两次。’vehicle是“交通工具”，device是“装置”， need是“需要”。   32A 该题问的是：BruceHardy为Althouse公交公司工作了多少年了?第四段的第二句话是这么说的：今年，他要庆祝为Althouse公交公司工作30年。   33c 该题问的是：下面的哪一种说法不符合BruceHardy的实际情况?A和B可见于第三段第二行。D可见于第四段的后半部分。c说的是：BruceHardy不耐心。第三段说到了BruceHardy是一个很好的听众，他总是听着你要说的话。可见，说333 BruceHardy不耐心不符合实际情况。34B 该题问的是：谁创立了Althouse公交公司?A说的是：Larr)rAlthouse。LarryA1thouse是公司的总裁。B说的是：Althouse的祖父。倒数第二段有这样一句话：我(Althouse)的祖父开始经营时只有一辆公共汽车。可见，B是正确答案。35D 该题问的是：。Althouse公交公司注重什么?A说的是：雇用年轻司机。B说的是：经营素质学校。c：提供免费驾驶课程。D：建立良好的关系。D可见于倒数第二段。36c 文章第一段表明，如果没有胰岛素，葡萄糖就不能被运进身体的细胞内，从而也就不能成为能量。37D 在这个句子中，“ist’显然指的是“retina’s一词。38B 从文章第二段的最后三句话不难看出，患有糖尿病型视网膜病的病人视网膜血管损坏后，新生的血管不像原来的血管那样结实好用。39c 从文章第三段可以得知，糖尿病所能造成的最坏的眼损伤是失明。40D 从文章的最后一段可以得知，患有糖尿病的病人如果能严格控制自己的血糖，这将有助于延缓眼损伤。41B 从文章的第一段可以得知，男孩挨门逐户地销售商品是为了付学费。42A 从文章的第三段可以得知，男孩原本准备放弃的。43c 从文章的第四段可以得知，多年后两人再次相遇时，男孩已经成长为一名医学专家。   ．44D 从上下文可以得知，医学专家对这个病例十分上心是因为他想回报病人当年的善行。45A 由于专家的努力，病人不仅得救了，还被免去医疗费。故事告诉人们，善有善报。第5部分：补全短文   46E 文章的前两句话提出了KimikoFukuda一直在想的一件事，即狗究竟想表达什么。紧接着应该给出一个答案是比较符合逻辑的。E就是答案。   47D 上一句话说的30万日本养狗人已经买了人狗翻译机。符合逻辑的一步是霓多的人还会买。因此D是合理的选项。   48A 上一句说的是Bowlingual这个装置有两个部分。接着应该是具体说明。A是对装置的具体说明。   49F 第五段的第一句话说的是：根据动物行为研究，这些杂音可以分成六类：幸福；悲痛；受挫；气愤；声称；欲望。因为是人狗翻译机，这些情感还需要跟人的话对应起来。   50c 上一句话说的是：当一个客人最近来到Fukuda的屋时，狗大声地叫着“bowwow”的声音。因为是在讲人狗翻译机，下面一句话应该讲的是它的翻译。因此c是对的。第6部分：51 B表示“引起疾病的细菌”，应用“thegermthat．causesthedisease”。52A表示“采取措施以便保护我们”，应用“takingmeasurestoprotect_us”。53A表示“处于危险之中”，应用“are砒risk”。54C表示“如何会染上此病”，应用…nowyoucarlget矿。55D句子要表达的意思是，究竟什么是炭疽呢?只有选用“exactly一才能表示出此56B通过接下来给出的例子可以推断空格处应选“animals"’一词。57D根据上下文不难看出，空格处应选"spores’’。词。58A根据上下文可以判断，此处表示“得病”，因此应用“getsick”。59B“呼吸进”后面肯定应跟‘"lung"’一词。60A表示“带有炭疽孢子的东西”，应用“somethingthathasanthraxspores”。61A表示“接触到……”，应用“comesintocontactwith．．．”。62B从全句的意思判断，空格处应选表示“只要”的“if’一词。63A根据上下文可以判断，空格处应选“family，一词。64B根据上下文可以判断，此处表示“仍然是”，所以应用“itstillis65B根据上下文可以判断，此处表示“相同”的意思，因此应选“Saltle一词。125 2004年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1Thedentisthasdecidedtoextractherbadtooth．AtakeoutBbreakoffCpushinDdigup2Theeconomycontinuedto．exhibitsignsofdeclineinSeptemberAplayBshowCsendDtell3Thistableisstrongand．durab1e．Along-lastingBextensiveCfar-reachingDeternal4Heenduredgreatpainbeforehefinallyexpired．AfiredBresignedCdiedDretreated5Thegirlisgazingatherselfinthemirror．AsmilingBlaughingCshoutingDstaring6Theindexisthegovernment’schiefgaugeoffutureeconomicactivityAmeasureBopinionCmethodDdecision7It’ssensibletostartanyexerciseprogramgraduallyatfirstAworkableBreasonableCpossibleDavailable8Alotofpeoplecouldfallillafterdrinkingcontaminatedwater.AboiledBpollutedCmixedDsweetened‘9Youhavetobepatientifyouwanttosustainyourposition．AmaintainBbetterCacquireDsupport10Shestoodthere，tremblingwithfear．AjumpingBcryingCmovingDshaking11Medicalfacilitiesarebeingupgraded．AexpandedBrepairedCimprovedDtransferred12Rockclimbingishazardous．AinterestingBdangerousCattractiveDuseful13Johniseligibleforthisjob．AacceptedBqualifiedCrejectedDrecommended14Inordertoimproveourstandardofliving，wehavetoaccelerateproduction：AinvolveBdecreaseCspeedupDgiveup15Marylookpaleandweary.AworriedBuglyCsillyDexhausted第二部分：阅读理解（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内答对每个句11双l出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是锋误信息，请在125 答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。troublesdidnotendaftertheoperationfortwoweeks．Hereyeswereswollen(肿胀的)andalmostcompletelyclosed，andevendarkglassescouldnothidethesideeffectsoftheoperation．Liposuction，takingfatoutofthebody,isprobablythemostpopularcosmeticoperationintheUnitedStates．Itseemssimpleenough．First．asmallcutismadeovertheplacewherethepatientwantsthefatremoved．Next，asmallpipeisputintothecut．Amachinelikeavacuumcleaneristhenusedtosuckthefatoutofthebody．However,asonedoctorexplained，someproblemscallhappenaftertheoperation．Hewarned，"Irregularlumpsandlooseskincanresetfromthisoperation．Ifitisnotevenlydone．1iposuctionCanproduceaverylumpyresult．”Patientsoftenmusthavemoreliposuctiontocorrecttheproblem．16CosmeticsurgeryismorepopularintheUSthananywhereelse．ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17Thewayamanlookshaslittletodowiththejobopportunitieshemayhave．ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18Therearehardlyanyrisksinvolvedincosmeticoperations．ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19Theyoungwomanwasbynomeanssatisfiedwiththeeyeoperation．ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20Theeyeoperationwassuchafailurethatthewomanrefusedtopayforit．ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21Noteveryoneisagoodcandidateforliposuction．ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22Sometimesliposuctionpatientsmayhavetoundergomorethanoneoperation．ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23"-30题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23--~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2"--5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27---30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。StanfordUniversity1StanfordUniversityissometimescalled“theHarvardoftheWest．”TheclosenessofStanfordtoSanFrancisco，acitythirty-twomilestothenorth，givestheuniversityadecidedlycosmopolitan(世界性的)flavor．2ThestudentsareenrolledmainlyfromthewesternUnitedStates．ButmostofthefiftystatessendstudentstoStanford，andmanyforeignstudentstudyhere，aswell．Andstandardsforadmissionremainhigh．Youngmenandwomenareselectedtoentertheuniversityfromtheupperfifteenpercentoftheirhighschoolclasses．3Notonlybecauseofthehighcaliber(素质)ofitsstudentsbutalsobecauseofthedesirablelocationandclimate．Stanfordhasattractedtoitsfacultysomeoftheworld’smostrespectedscholars．TheuniversitystaffhasincludedmanyNobelPrizewinnersinvariousfields．Stanford’sundergraduateschoolofengineeringanditsgraduateschoolsofbusiness．1aw，andmedicineareespeciallywell-regarded．4Whatisstudentlifelikeon“TheFarm”?Culturally,thecampusisamagnetforbothstudentsandcitizensofnearbycommunities．Plays，concerts，andoperasareperformedintheuniversity’sseveralauditoriumsandinitsOutdoort11eater,wheregraduationsarealsoheld．Severalfilmseriesarepresentedduringtheschoolyear．Guestlecturersfrompublicandacademiclifefrequentlyappearoncampus．Forthesports．minded，theStanfordcampusoffers125 highlydevelopedathleticfacilities．Teamsports，swimming，andtrackandfieldactivityareallverymuchpartoftheStanfordpicture．Soarebicyclingandjogging．5Inadditiontofinancialsupportfromalumni(校友)，Stanfordreceivesgrantsfromthegovernmentandfromprivatecharities．Inrecentyears，governmentgrantshavemade．possibleadvancedstudiesinthefieldsofhistory,psychology,education，andatomicenergy．AtpresentStanfordiscarryingoutallambitiousbuildingprogram，financedinpartbytheFordFoundation’s25milliongrant．Recentlyaddedtothecampusaleanewphysicsbuilding．newschoolofbusiness，newgraduateschooloflaw,newstudentunion，andundergraduate1ibrary．23Paragraph224Paragraph325Paragraph426Paragraph5AColorfulLifeonCampusBIntelligentStudentBodyCExcellentAdministrationDDistinguishedFacultyESubstantialFinancialSupportFRichEuropeanFlavor27StanfordUniversityattractsstudentsfrom28Thefacultyoftheuniversityboastssomeoftheworld’s29Theuniversityoffersarichvarietyof30ThedevelopmentoftheuniversityreliestoacertainextentonAbothindoorsandoutdoorsBbothhomeandabroadCmostdistinguishedscholarsDdesirableclimateEculturalactivitiesFexternalfinancialsupport第4部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3,分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇CrystalEarOnedayafriendaskedmywifeJillif1wantedahearingaid．“"Hecertainlydoes，”repliedJill．．Afterhearingaboutaremarkablenewproduct，JillfinallygotupmenervetoaskmeifI’deverthoughtaboutgettingahearingaid．“Noway．”Isaid．“Itwouldmakemelook20yearsolder．’“No。no，”shereplied．“Thisisentirelydifferent．It’sCrystalEar!”Jillwasright．CrystalEarisdifferent--nottheold-styledbodywornorover--the—earaid，butanadvancedpersonalsoundsystemsosmallthatit’slikecontacts(隐形眼镜)foryourears．AndCrystalEarissuper．sensitiveandpowerful，too．Youwillhearsoundsyourearshavebeenmissingforyears．CrystalEarwillmakespeechlouder。andthesoundispureandnatural．Icouldn’tbelievehowtinyitis．Itissmallerthanthetipofmylittlefingerandit’salmostinvisiblewhenworn．Therearenowires，nobehind—the-eardevice．Putitinyourearand1tsready—to．wearmold(形状)fitscomfortably．Sinceit’snottooloudortoofight，youmayevenforgetthatyou’rewearingit!Useitatworkoratplay．AndifyourhearingproblemISworseincertainsituations，useCrystalEaronlywhenyouneedit．125 Hearingloss，whichoccurstypicallypriortoteenageyears，progressesthroughoutone’s1ifetime．Althoughhearinglossisnowtheworld’snumberonehealthproblem，nearly90percentofpeoplesufferinghearinglosschoosetoleavetheproblemuntreated．Formanymillions，treatinghearinglossinaconventionalwaycaninvolvenumerousofficevisits，expensivetestingandadjustmentstofityourear．ThankstoCrystalEar，the“soundsolution”isnowconvenient．Almost90percentofpeoplewithmildhearing10SS，andmillionsmorewithjusta1ittlehearingdrop．off(下降)，canbedramaticallyhelpedwithCrystalEar．Moreover,itssuperiordesignisenergy．efficient，sobatteriescanlastmonths．CrystalEarisnowavailabletohelpthesepeopletreattheirhearing10SSwithasmall．hearingamplifier(放大器)．31InitiallythewriterdidnotwanttobuyahearingaidbecauseAitwouldmakehimlookold．BItwouldmakehimnervous．Citwastooexpensive．’Ditwasold—styled．32WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofCrystalEar?AItishighlysensitive．BItispowerful．CItisinvisible．DItiswireless．33OnespecialfeatureofCrystalEaristhatAyoucancontrolitsvolume．Byouneedn’ttakeitoffeveryday．Citissolar-powered．Ditsavespower．34Accordingtothepassage，hearinglossisAonlyaminorhealthproblem．Btheworld’smostcommonhealthproblemCmerely，ateenagedisease．Danincurabledisease．35Manypeopleleavetheirhearingproblemuntreated．becauseAitisnotserious．BCrystalEarisnotyetavailable．Citisnoteasytohaveittreated．Dtheydon’twanttolookold．第二篇NewU．S．PlanforDiseasePreventionUrgingAmericanstotakeresponsibilityfortheirhealth，HealthandHumanServicesSecretaryTommyThompsononTuesdaylauncheda$15millionprogramtotrytoencouragecommunitiestodomoretopreventchronicdiseaseslikeheartdisease，canceranddiabetes(糖尿病)。TheinitiativehighlightstheCOSTSofchronicdiseases—theleadingcausesofdeathintheUnitedStates--andoutlineswaysthatpeoplecanpreventthem，includingbetterdietandincreasedexercise．“IntheUnitedStatestoday,7of10deathsandthevastmajorityofseriousillness，disabilityandhealthcarecostsarecausedbychronicdiseases，”theHealthandHumanServicesdepartmentsaidinastatement．125 Thecausesareoftenbehavioral--smoking，pooreatinghabitsandalackofexercise．“Iamconvincedthatpreventingdiseasebypromotingbetterhealthisasmartpolicychoiceforourfuture．”Thompsontoldaconferenceheldtolaunchtheinitiative．‘‘Ourcurrenthealthcaresystemisnotstructuredtodealwiththerisingcostsoftreatingdiseasesthatarelargelypreventablethroughchangesinourlifestylechoices．”Thompsonsaidheartdiseaseandstrokeswillcostthecountrymorethan$351billionin2003．“Theseleadingcausesofdeathformenandwomenarelargelypreventable，yetweasanationarenottakingthestepsnecessaryforUStoleadhealthier,longerlives，”hesaid．The$15millionisdesignedtogotocommunitiestopromoteprevention，pushingforchangesassimpleasbuildingsidewalkstoencouragepeopletowalkmore．Dailyexercisesuchaswalkingcanpreventandevenreverseheartdiseaseanddiabetes，andpreventcancerandstrokes．Themoneywillalsogotocommunityorganizations，clinicsandnutritionistswhoarebeingencouragedtoworktogethertoeducatepeopleatriskofdiabetesaboutwhattheycarddotopreventitandencouragemorecancerscreening．TheAmericanCancerSocietyestimatesthathalfofallcancersCanbecaughtbyscreening，includingPaptests(巴氏试验)forcervical(子宫颈的)cancermammograms(乳房X线照片)forbreastcancer,colonoscopies(结肠镜检查)，andprostate(前列腺的)checks．Ifsuchcancerswereallcaughtbyearlyscreening，thegroupestimatesthatthesurvivalrateforcancerwouldriseto95percent．36WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofchronicdiseasesintheUS?ATheyaccountfor70％ofalldeaths．BTheyareresponsibleformostofthehealthcarecosts．CTheyoftenresultinunhealthylifestyles．DTheyarelargelypreventable．37TheauthormentionsallthefollowingwaysofdiseasepreventionEXCEPTAbetterdiet．Bincreasedexercise．Clesssmoking．Dmorefrequenthandwashing．38ThepassageindicatesthatspendingmoremoneyondiseasepreventionwillmeanAgreaterresponsibilityofthegovernment．Blessneedforinput、intotreatment．Chighercostsofhealthcare．Dmorelifestylechoicesforpeople．39Thepurposeofthe,S15millionprogramistoApromotediseaseprevention．Bbuildmorehighways．Chelppoorcommunities．Dwipeoutchronicdiseases．40EarlycancerscreeningCanhelpreducesignificantlyAthedeathratesfora11chronicdiseases．Bthekindsofcancerattackingpeople．Ctheincidencerateforcancer．125 Dthedeathrateforcancer．”第三篇TheBodyThievesIntheearlynineteenthcenturyinBritain，manyimprovementswerebeingmadeintheworldofmedicine．DoctorsandSurgeonswerebecomingmoreknowledgeableaboutthehumanbody．Illnessesthathadbeenfatalafewyearsbeforewerenowcurable．However,Surgeonshadoneproblem．Theyneededdeadbodiestocutup，ordissect(解剖)．Thiswastheonlywaythattheycouldlearnaboutthefleshandbonesinsidethebody。andtheonlywaytoteachnewsurgeonstocarryoutoperations．、Thejoboffindingthesedeadbodieswascarriedoutbyanunpleasantgroupofpeoplecalled“bodysnatchers"’．Theywentintograveyards(墓地)atnightand，usingwoodenshovelstomakelessnoise。dugupanyrecentlyburiedbodies．Thentheytookthebodiestothemedicalschoolsandsoldthem．Abodycouldbesoldforbetween￡5and~10，whichwasalotofmoneyatthattime．Thedoctorswhopaidthebodysnatchershadallagreementwitht}them—theyneveraskedanyquestions．Theydidnotdesiretoknowwherethebodiescamefrom，aslongastheykeptarriving．ThemostfamousofthesebodysnatchersweretwomenfromEdinburghcalledWilliamBurkeandWilliamHare．BurkeandHareweredifferentbecausetheydidnotjustdigUpbodiesfromgraveyards．Theygotgreedyandthoughtofalleasierwaytofindbodies．Insteadofdiggingthemup，theykilledthepoorerguestsinHare’ssmallhotel．Dr．Knox，therespectedsurgeontheyworkedfor,neveraskedwhyallthebodiestheybroughthimhadbeenstrangled(勒死)．一FormanyyearsBurkeandHarewerenotcaughtbecause，unsurprisingly,thebodiesoftheirvictimswereneverfoundbythepolice．Theywereeventuallyarrestedandputontrialin1829.ThejudgeshowedmercytoHareandhewasreleasedbutBurkeWasfoundguiltyandhispunishmentwastobehanged．Appropriately,hisbodyWasgiventothemedicalschoolandheendeduponthedissectingtable，justlikehisvictims．Inonesmallway,．justicewasdone．Now，over150yearslater,surgeonsdonotneedthehelpofcriminalstolearntheirskills．However，thescienceofsurgerycouldnothavedevelopedwithouttheirrathergruesome(令人毛骨悚然的)help．41TheproblemfacingBritishsurgeonsintheearly19thcenturywasthatAsomeillnessesremainedincurable．Bfewpeoplewerewillingtoworkassurgeons．Cmedicalexpensesweretoohigh．Ddeadbodieswerenoteasilyavailable．42ThebodysnatchersusedwoodenshovelsbecauseAtheydidnotwishtospoilthedeadbodies．BtheywantedtokeepthebodiestothemselvesCtheywereafraidofbeingcaught．Dtheywerecarefulnottodisturbanyone．43BurkandHaredifferedfromotherbodysnatchersinthatAtheygototherpeopletodigupbodiesforthem．Btheysoldthebodiesonlytoonesurgeon．Ctheydugupbodiesnotjustfromgraveyards．Dtheyresortedtomurdertogetbodies．125 44ThebodiesofBurke’sandHare’svictimscouldn’tbefoundbythepolicebecauseAtheyhadbeenstolen．Btheyhadbeenstrangled．Ctheyhadbeendissected．Dtheyhadbeenburied．45ThebodythievescontributedintheirgruesomewaytoAmedicaladvancement．B，legalprogress．Csocialstability．Dmaterialwealth．第5部分：补全短文(第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。TheDangersofSecondhandSmokeMostpeopleknowthatcigarettesmokingisharmfultotheirhealth．Scientificresearchshowsthatitcausesmanykindsofdiseases．Infact，manypeoplewhosmokegetlungcancel.However,EdwardGilsonhaslungcancer,andhehasneversmokedcigarettes．Heliveswithhiswife，Evelyn，whohassmokedaboutapackofcigarettesadaythroughouttheirmarriage．(46)NooneknowsforsurewhyMr.Gilsonhaslungcancer．Nevertheless，doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmokebecausenonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmoke.fromotherpeople’scigarettes．(47)TheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthatabout53，000peopledieintheUnitedStateseachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke．Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals．Inhepast．scientistsdidnot也inkthatthesechemicalscouldharmanonsmoker’shealth．(48)Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxic(有毒的)chemicalsintheirbodies．Asamatteroffact，almostallofUSbreathetobaccosmokeattimes，whetherwerealizeitornot．Forexample，wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants，hotelsandotherpublicplaces．Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas，smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted．ItiSevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke．(49)Researchshowsthatchildrenwhoareexposedtosecondhandsmokearesickmoreoftenthanchildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokesandthatthechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasarechildrenofnonsmokers．Theriskisevenhigherforchildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke．Peoplearebecomingveryawareofthedangersofsecondhandsmoke．(50)ARecently，though，scientistschangedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers．BTheGilsonshavebeenmarriedfor35years．C111issmokeiscalledsecondhandsmoke．DHowever,secondhandsmokeisdangeroustoallpeople，oldoryoung．EAsaresult，theyhavepassedlawswhichprohibitpeoplefromsmokinginmanypublicplaces．．FIntheUnitedStates，ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker．第6部分：完形填空(第51"-~65题，每题1分，共15分)阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。CanLoudMusicCauseHearingImpairment(损伤)?HaveYouevergonetoaconcertandrealizedthatyourseatswererightnexttothebooming125 speakers?Areyouguilty——(51)．turningupthevolumeonyourportablecassetteorCDplayertodrownoutthewhining(哭哭啼啼)ofyourlittlebrother?Sometimesit’sdifficulttoavoidloudmusicornoises，buttheycanbebadnewsbecauseloudnoisescan(52)temporaryorpermanenthearingloss．Extremelyloudmusicandnoisesthatgoonforlongperiodsof(53)arecommoncausesofdeafness．Ifanoiseissoloudthatyouhavetoshouttomakeyourself(54)，thereisa(55)thatthemechanisminsideyourearcanbeinjuredTemporaryhearinglosscanhappenafteryou’vebeen(56)toloudnoiseforonly15minutes．Ifyouhavetemporaryhearingloss．youwon’tbeabletohearas(57)asyounormallycan，andyoumayhavetinnitus(耳鸣)，whichisafancywordforringingintheears．Yourearscallfeel“full”，too(58)thesethingsusuallygoawayandyourhearingsoonreturnstonormal．Permanenthearinglosscanhappenwhen，someoneisexposedtoloudnoise(59)andover．Constructionworkersandpeoplewhoworkinfactoriesmust60)earprotectorsbecausetheequipmenttheyusecanbeextremelyloud．Butevensomelawnmowers(割草机)andpowertoolscanpermanently(61)aperson’sabilitytohearhigh-pitchednoisesandcanalsogivehimpermanenttinnitus．Listeningtoextremelyloudmusicoverandovercallalsohavethesameeffectonaperson’s(62)．AndusingheadphonesonaportablecassetteorCDplayercanbedangerous(63)ifthevolumeistoohighandtheheadphonesareusedalot，thenoisecandamagetheears．Thebestwaytoavoidhearinglossistoweareatprotectorswhenworkingwithmachineryandearplugswhengoingtoa——(64)．HeadphonesareOKtowearwhenyou’relisteningtomusic；justbesurethevolumeisn’ttoohigh，andgivethemarestonceinawhile．51AofBforCatDon—52AhaveBtakeCcauseDtap53AcourseBlengthCstateDtime54AheardBappreciatedCtrackedDwelcomed55AluckBpointCchanceDsense56AexposedBexpressedCcarriedDreflected57AgoodBwellCregularlyDstable58AUnfortunatelyBAccordinglyCLuckilyDUnexpectedly59AoverBonceCagainDaway60AhearBbearCwearDtear61AaffectBeffectCenforceDpresent62AscopeBattitudeCsurveyDhearing63AwhereasBalthoughCbecauseDunless64AconcertBfactoryCmetingDmall65AeachBeveryCallDfor2004年职称英语等级考试卫生类(A级)答案满分100分，其中：1—15每题1分：16—30每题1分；125 31—45每题3分；46—50每题2分；5l一65每题1分。1A2B3A4.C5.D6.A7.B8.B9.A10D11.C12.B13.B14.C15.D16.C17.D18.B19A20C21C22A20.22.A23.B24.D25.A26E27.B28.C29.E30F31.A32.C33.D34B35.C36.C37.D38.B39A40.D41.D42.C43.D44C45.A46.47C48A49F50E51A52.C53D54.A56.A57.B58.C59A60C61.A62.D63.C64.A65B2004年职称英语等级考试题解卫生类(A级)第—部分：阅读判断1．答案为A。extractatooth是“拔牙”的意思，在四个选项中只有takeout可以替代。2．答案为B。句子的意思是“九月份经济继续呈现衰退的迹象”，和exhibit同义的只有show。是最佳答案。3．答案为A。durable：耐用的，long．1asting：持久的。画线词与选项A意思相同，可互换，故A为正确答案。4．答案为c。expire的意思是“断气”，即“死了”，与选项C意思相同，故c为答案。5．答案为D。gaze的意思是“长时间盯看……”，与选项D意思相同，所以D为答案。6．答案为A。gauge的意思是“估计，精确测量”。选项A(measure)的意思是“测量”，与画线词意思相近，故A为答案。7．答案为B。sensible的意思是“明智的”，与选项B(reasonable)意思相同j，所以选B。8．答案为B。contaminated在这里是形容词，意思是“被污染的，弄脏的”，选项B(·polluted)的意思也是“被污染的”，两者意思相同，故选B。9．答案为A。sustain在这里的意思是“继续保持”，与动词maintain意思相同。sustainone"sposition的意思是“继续保持自己的职位”。10．答案为D。题句的意思是，他站在那儿，害怕地发抖。tremble是“战栗，颤抖”的意思，与选项D意思相同，故选D。11．答案为C。题句的意思是：医疗设备正在更新。upgrade的意思是“升级，更新”，与improve(改善)意思相近，故C为正确答案。12．答案为B。hazardous的意思是“危险的”，与dangerous意思相同，故B为正确答案。13．答案为B。eligible的意思是“合格的，有资格当选的”，与选项B意思相同，故B为答案。14．答案为C。accelerate的意思是“加速”，与speedup意思相同，故选C。15．答案为D。本句的意思是：Mary看上去面色苍白，浑身无力。weary的意思是“疲倦的，萎靡的”，与exhausted意思相近，故选D。第二部分：阅读判断16C文章第一旬只是提到，整容手术在美国越来越走俏，但并没有与其他国家进行比较，因此推断不出整容手术在美国比在其他国家更流行。17B文章第二旬提到，不少男女视整容手术为保持年轻和岗位竞争力的一种手段，因此说一个人的容貌与其工作机遇没什么关系是错误的。、18B文章第一段的最后一句话讲到，这些手术并非没有危险，因此说整容手术没有什么危险是错误的。19A从文章第二段的第二句以及接下来的句子可以判断年轻女子对手术非常不满意。20C文章第二段只是讲了该女子为何对手术十分不满意，但并没有提及她是否因此而拒绝付费一事。2lC文章最后一段只是讲了抽脂术的步骤和可能发生的问题，但并没有提及适应对象问题。125 22A从文章的最后一句不难选择正确的答案。第三部分：概括大意与完成句子23B文章第二段主要讲的是良好的生源。从第三段第一句话的前半部分也不难看出第二段的大意。24D文章第三段主要讲的是优秀的师资，其中不乏一些世界知名的学者和各个领域的诺贝尔奖获得者。、25A文章第四段主要讲的是丰富多彩的校园生活。26E文章第五段主要讲的是来自政府和慈善机构的巨额经济资助。27B从文章第二段的头两句可以得知，国内外的学生都到此求学。28C从文章第三段的第一句话可以得知，学校师资中有着世界知名的学者。29E从文章的第四段可以得知，学校的文化活动丰富多彩。30F从文章的最后一段可以得知，学校的发展一定程度上依赖于来自外部的经济资助。第四部分：阅读理解31A从文章第一段中的第三句话可以看出，作者的第一反应是戴助听器会使他看上去老许多。32C文章第三段中的第一句提到，“水晶耳”几乎看不见，但这并不等于看不见。33D从文章的倒数第二句可以得知，“水晶耳”的非凡设计使其十分节能。34B从文章最后一段第二旬的前半部分可以得知，失聪目前是世界头号健康问题。35C从文章最后一段可以得知，许多失聪患者有病不治的原因是该病治起来十分麻烦。36C从文章第二、四段可以得知，不健康的生活方式会导致慢性病的发生，而非相反。37D前三项在第四段中都有提及，只有最后一项文章始终没有提到。38B从文章中不难看出，在疾病预防方面多投入将意味着治疗疾病的投入相应可以减少。39A从文章第一、九段可以得知，”这笔钱的主要用途是疾病预防。40D从文章的最后一段可以得知，早期癌症普查将十分有助于提高癌症患者的存活率，亦即降低癌症的死亡率。4lD从文章第一段中的第四、五句可以得知，当时英国外科医生面临的问题是找不到足够的尸体用于解剖。42C从文章的第二段可以得知，这些盗尸者惟恐被人发现，．因此才使用木铲的。43D从文章第三段可以得知，这两个人不同于其他盗尸者之处在于他们采取谋杀方式来获取尸体。．44C警察之所以发现不了受害者的尸体是因为尸体卖掉后都被解剖了：45A从文章的最后一句可以看出，盗尸者以其独有的、尽管是令人毛骨悚然的方式促进了医学的进展。第五部分：补全短文46B前一句主要讲的是，Gilson与妻子Evelyn生活在一起，而Evelyn自打他们结婚以来一直是差不多每天一包烟。接下来显然应选表示他们结婚年限的句子。47C前～旬提到，不吸烟者时常吸入他人香烟中冒出的烟，接下来应首选对此烟加以定义的句子。48A前一句讲的是科学家们过去对二手烟的看法，接下来应选表示他们改变观点的句子，因为下一句表明他们所持的观点已与过去截然不同。49F前一句提到了儿童与二手烟的问题。接下来的句子自然仍然与儿童有关。50E前一句讲的是人们逐渐意识到二手烟的危害性，因此接下来应首选表示人们采取措施，禁止公共场所吸烟的句子。‘第六部分：完形填空5lA“tobeguiltyof,’是固定搭配，表示“有……之过”的意思。52C根据上下文，此处应选表示“引起”之意的词语。53D表示“长时间”应用“longperiodsoftime”。54A“只有高声喊叫才能”之后显然应选“被人听到”。55C句子要表达的意思是，如果只有高声喊叫才能被人听到，那么就有耳内机制受损的可能。56A要表达“暴露于”或者是“接受了”的意思，应选“exposedto"。125 57B要表达“听力不如原来好”，此处应选能修饰动词“hear"’而又表示“好”的副词。58C因为接下来讲的是：这些毛病通常会消失，而你的听力很快也会恢复正常，所以这是件幸运之事。59A“overandover”是固定搭配，表示“不断”的意思。60C根据上下文，此处应选表示“戴”之意的词语。全句的意思是：建筑工人和在工厂里工作的人们必须戴护耳器，因为他们所使用的设备会产生巨大的噪音。61A根据上下旬，此处应选表示“影响”之意的词语。全句的意思是：然而，即使是一些割草和电动工具也会对人听高音的能力产生永久性的影响，并且也有可能给他造成永久性的耳鸣。．62D前一句讲的是噪音对听力的影响。句子所讲的是反复收听高音量的音乐会对听力产生同样的影响。63C空格所填的词连接着一个主句和一个从句，而从句表示的又是主句的原因，因此不难做出选择。64A文章最后一段是对前面所谈到内容的总结。前面分别提到了器械与音乐所产生的噪音，而此旬已经提及器械，因此接下来要选的应是与音乐有关的，即音乐会。65B文章最后一句的意思是：听音乐时戴耳机是可以的，只是一定要确保音量不要太高，并且每过一段时间想着把耳机摘下来休息休息耳朵。“oncei11awhile”是固定搭配，表示“偶尔，有时”的意思。125 2003年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）真题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选择1．Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.   A.invented B.explained   C.considered   D.accepted2.Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.   A.heavy   B.strong   C.wild   D.kind3.Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.   A.making   B.taking   C.expecting   D.discussing4.Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.   A.waste  B.buy   C.sell   D.use5.Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.   A.function   B.ability   C.volume   D.power6.Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.   A.tensely   B.nearly   C.closely   D.carefully7.Herfaithupheldherintimesofsadness.   A.excited   B.supported   C.inspired   D.directed8.Thebookprovidesaconciseanalysisofthecountry’shistory.   A.clean   B.perfect   C.brief   D.real9.Itislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembershipcardsatalltimes.   A.suggested   B.warned   C.confirmed   D.stated10.Thecouncilmeetingterminatedat2o’clock.   A.began   B.continued   C.resumed   D.ended11.Aredflagwasplacedthereasatokenofdanger.   A.substitute   B.sign   C.proof   D.target12.Howeverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwillingtoriskchange.   A.eager   B.reluctant   C.pleased   D.angry13.IthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerelyregulateorenlargeanoldone.   A.control   B.limit   C.replace   D.offset14.Thesecretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea.   A.investigate   B.deny   C.stress   D.create15.Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthecostofshippingcargobywater.   A.suddenly   B.gradually   C.excessively   D.exceptionally   第2部分：阅读判断   阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑125 UsingHIVVirustoCureCancer   Scientistsareplanningtousehumanimmunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV),oneofmankind’smostfearedviruses,asacarrierofgeneswhichcanfightcancerandarangeofdiseasesthatcannotbecured.TheexpertssayHIVhasanalmostperfectabilitytoavoidthebody’simmune(免疫的)defenses,makingitidealforcarryingreplacementgenesintopatients’bodies,accordingtotheObserver.   AteamattheCalifornia-basedSalkInstitute,oneoftheworld’sleadingresearchcentersonbiologicalsciences,hascreatedaspecialnewbreedofHIVandhasstartednegotiationswiththeU>S>FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)tobeginclinicalgenetherapy(治疗)trialsthisyear.ThefirsttrialsareexpectedtoinvolvepatientssufferingfromcancersthatcannotbecuredbysurgeryalthoughprojectleaderProfessorInderVermasaidtheHIVtechniquewouldhave”farwiderapplications”.   Theplanremainsverylikelytocausecontroversysinceitinvolvesmakinguseofaviruswhichhascausedmorethan22milliondeathsaroundtheworldinthepasttwodecades.VermasaidthattheideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurposewas“shocking”butthefiercenatureofHIVhaddisappearedbyhavingallsixofthepotentiallydeadlygenesremoved.   Illnessessuchasvariouscancersarecausedwhenageneinapatient’sbodyfailstoworkproperly.Inthepasttwoyears,breakthroughsingenetics(遗传学)haveledgenetherapyscientiststotryandreplacethegenesthatdonotfunctionnormally.   Unfortunately,thebody’simmunedefenseshavebeenknowntoattackthemodifiedgenesandmakethemlosetheireffectsbeforetheycanstarttheirtaskandprogressinthefieldhasbeenheldupbythelackofasuitablecarrier.   TheHIVvirushastheabilitytoescapefrom,andthendestroy,theimmunedefensecellsdesignedtoprotectourbodiesandthismakesitattractivetoscientistsasawayofsecretlyconveyingreplacementgenesintopatients’bodies.1FDAhasapprovedtheplanofusingHIVtocurecancerinhumans.   ARightBWrongCNotmentioned2TheideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurposehasbeenwidelyaccepted.   ARightBWrongCNotmentioned3HIVcanbesafelyusedtocurecanceronlyifthedeadlygeneshavebeenremoved.   ARightBWrongCNotmentioned4TheHIVvirusisanexcellentwarriortofightthebody’simmunecells.   ARightBWrongCNotmentioned5Othercountriesarealsoexpectedtobeginclinicalgenetherapytrialssoon.   ARightBWrongCNotmentioned6Itisthelackofmoneythathashelduptheprogressinusingreplacementgenestocurecancer.   ARightBWrongCNotmentioned7TheHIVvirushascausedmoredeathsindevelopedcountries.   ARightBWrongCNotmentioned   第3部分：概括大意与完成句子ExercisingYourMemory   1Agingdoesnotmeanadramaticdeclineinmemorypower,unlessyouhelpithelpbylettingyourmindgo.   2That"snottosaythatmemorydoesn"tchangethroughoutlife.Researchersdividememoryintocategoriesbasedonthelengthoftimewhenmemoriesarestored.Onesystemdividesitupasshort-term(lessthanoneminute;rememberingatelephonenumberwhileyoudial,forinstance),long-term(overaperiodofyears)andverylong-termmemory(overalifetime).   3Short-termmemoryisn"tmastereduntilaboutage7,butafterthatyouneverloseit.Long-termmemory,however,involvesmoreeffortandskillandchangesthroughlife.It"snotuntiltheearlyteensthatmostpeople125 developamaturelong-termmemory.   4First,wemustgetinformationintoourheadsthroughlearning.Learningstrategiescangetrusty(生锈的，迟钝的)withoutconstantuse.Highschoolandcollegestudents,whoareforcedtorepeatedlyexercisetheirlong-termmemoryabilities(atleastlong-termenoughtogetthemthroughafinalexam),usuallydowellonmemorytests.Thelongeryoustayinschool,themorechanceyougettopolishyourlearningskills.It"snowonderthatmorehighlyeducatedpeoplehavemoreeffectivememoryskillsthroughoutlife.   5Althougholderpeopleingenerallearnsomewhatmoreslowlythantheydidwhenyounger,adramaticdifferenceexistsbetweenthosewhostayintellectuallyactive--reading,discussing,takingclasses,thinking--andthosewhodonot.Givingthebrainadailyworkoutisjustasimportantasexercisingyourmuscles.Brainworkkeepsyourlearningstrategiesinshape,andthishelpsyourmemorytofunctionatfullcapacity.   6Thenextpartofahealthylong-termmemoryisretention（保持力，记忆力）,theabilitytostorewhatyouhavelearned.Memoryresearchersstilldonotknowwhethermemoriesarelost--whethertheystillexistinthebrainnutourmentalsearchingcannotturnthemup,orhavedisappearedentirelyasourbrainages.   7Thethirdnecessityformemoryisrecall,theabilitytomindthememorieswehavestored.Again,whileaginghaswidelydifferenteffectsontherecallabilitiesofdifferentpeople,researchindicatesthattheolderweget,thelongerittakestorecallfacts.Butslowerrecallisstillrecall.Infact,agingdoesnotseemtohaveanyeffectonforgettingatall,whichtakesplaceatthesamerateinyoungerandolderpeople.23.Paragraph3_________24.Paragraph4_________25.Paragraph5_________26.Paragraph6___________   A.Effectsofagingonaperson"srecallability   B.short-termmemoryversuslong-termmemory   C.retentionasthesecondnecessityformemory   D.likebetweenlearningstrategiesandeffectivememoryskills   E.Significanceofexercisingyourmuscles   F.importanceofstayingintellectuallyactive27.Retentionrefersto_____________.28.Therateofforgettingisthesame_____________.29.Rememberingsomethingallyourlife_____________.30.Exercisingyourbraineverydayisbeneficial_____________.   A.totheproperfunctionofyourmemory   B.iscalledlong-termmemory   C.thecapacitytostorewhatyouhavelearned   D.belongstoeverylong-termmemory   E.theabilitytoremainmentallyhealthy   F.foryoungerandolderpeople   第4部分：阅读理解   第一篇FirstAid   Firstaidisemergencycareforavictimofsuddenillnessorinjuryuntilmoreskillfulmedicaltreatmentisavailable.Itmaysavealifeorimprovecertainvitalsignsincludingpulse,temperature,aclearairway(气道),andbreathing.Inminoremergencies,firstaidmaypreventavictim’sconditionfromturningworseandproviderelieffrompain.Firstaidmustbeadministeredasquicklyaspossible.Inthecaseofthecriticallyinjured,afewminutescanmakethedifferencebetweencompleterecoveryandlossoflife.   First-aidmeasuresdependuponavictim’sneedsandtheprovider’slevelofknowledgeandskill.Knowing125 whatnottodoinanemergencyisasimportantasknowingwhattodo.Improperlymovingapersonwithaneckinjury,forexample,canleadtopermanentspinal(脊柱的)injuryandparalysis(瘫痪).   Despitethevarietyofinjuriespossible,severalprinciplesoffirstaidapplytoallemergencies.Thefirststepistocallforprofessionalmedicalhelp.Thevictim,ifconscious,shouldbereassuredthatmedicalaidhasbeenrequested,andaskedforpermissiontoprovideanyfirstaid.Next,assessthescene,askingotherpeopleortheinjuredperson’sfamilyorfriendsaboutdetailsoftheinjuryorillness,anycarethatmayhavealreadybeengiven,andpreexistingconditionssuchasdiabetes(糖尿病)orhearttrouble.Thevictimshouldbecheckedforamedicalbracelet(手镯)orcardthatdescribesspecialmedicalconditions.Unlesstheaccidentscenebecomesunsafeorcardthatdescribesspecialmedicalconditions.Unlesstheaccidentscenebecomesunsafeorthevictimmaysufferfurtherinjury,donotmovethevictim.   Firstaidrequiresrapidassessmentofvictimstodeterminewhetherlife-threateningconditionsexist.Onemethodforevaluatingavictim’sconditionisknownbytheacronym(首字母缩写词)ABC,whichstandsfor:   A-Airway:isitopenandclear?   B-Breathing:isthepersonbreathing?Look,listen,andfeelforbreathing.   C-Circulation:isthereapulse?Isthepersonbleedingexternally?Checkskincolorandtemperatureforadditionalindicationsofcirculationproblems.31.FirstaidmaybringaboutallthefollowingresultsEXPECT   A.savingavictim’slife.   B.preventingavictim’sconditionfromgettingworse.   C.relievingavictimfrompain.   D.helpingapersonavoidsuddenillnessorinjury.32.Beforeweadministerfirstaidtoavictim,itisveryimportantforus   A.tomakesurewhattodoandwhatnottodo.   B.torefertoallkindsofhandbooksonfirstaid.   C.toremovetheringorbracelethemaybewearing.   D.totakehimtoahospitalatonce.33.Inadministeringfirstaidtoavictim,youshouldfirstofall   A.removehimfromtheaccidentscene.   B.turnhimover.   C.callforprofessionalmedicalhelp.   D.examinehimcarefully.34.Youmayassessavictim’sconditionbyallthefollowingEXPECT   A.checkingwhetherthereisapulse.   B.looking,listeningandfeelingforbreathing.   C.replacinghismedicalbraceletorcard.   D.examiningwhethertheairwayisopenandclear.35.Thepurposeofthepassageistotellthereader   A.theimportanceofprotectingtheaccidentscene.   B.somebasicfactsaboutfirstaid.   C.whatprofessionalmedicalhelpis.   D.whocanadministerfirstaid.第二篇StressatWorkandStillHealthy   Thetermcouldyetbecomethewordoftheyear;stressisoneveryone’slipsthesedaysandeverywhere.Notonlymanagers,officialsandteachersarecomplainingnowadays,housewives,childrenandpensionersnowalsohavetheirownproblems.Theytoosacrificethemselvesforothers,feelunder-oroverworkedandquicklylose125 theirinnerbalance.Irritation,tirednessandexhaustionquicklyfollow.Butthatisonlythenegativeaspect.Stress,afterall,isalsolinkedtopositivetermssuchasjoyoflife,tensionandvitality(活力).   “Firstly,stressishealthy,”saysWolfgangStehlingfromEltvelle.Thedoctorandmanagementconsultantsays:”Itoccurswhenthebodylosesitsinnerbalance,butthenstresshormonesareproducedtore-establishthebalance.”Thusstressisnothingmorethanapositivereactionofthebodytopressure.Itisunavoidableaspartofournature:”Thereisnosuchthingasastress-freelife.”   Butwhetherstressleadstotensionsinthemindortotensenessofthemusclesdependsontheduration（持续时间）,itscauseorcausesandthesufferer’spersonalsituation.Peoplewhohavetroublesleepingorsufferfrombadmoodsorsimplythefluwillnotbeontopoftheworldandwilltakeeverylittlestrifeasnegativestress.Others,peoplewhofeelrefreshedateverynewturn,arerelaxedandsuccessful,willviewadifficultroundofnegotiationsorcompetitionatworkmoreasapositivechallengethanacrosstobear.   Exercise,healthyeatingandrelaxingarethusthethreepillarsbywhichstresscanbeconqueredalmosteverytime.Thesefactorsformaunit,explainsMaritaVoelker-Albert,spokeswomanforthegovernment’sNutritionAdviceCenterinCologne.Itscampaign“GutDrauf”(FeelingGood)istargetedatyoungpeople.Thegovernmentagency’sresearchsuggeststhatthreeoutoffouradolescentsfeeltired,overtaxed(负担过重)andunderstress.Eatingdisordersandcomplaintssuchasmigraines(偏头痛)andindigestion(消化不良),nervousnessandconcentrationproblemshaveincreasedamong12-to16-year-olds.   Buteventhebestsolutionsdon’tworkiftheyarenotputintopractice,saysStehling.Anybodywhogoesjoggingregularly,practicesyoga(瑜伽功)andprescribesgoodliteratureasacurefornegativestress,maywellendupundermorepressureashetriestofindthetimeforitall.Sometimes,saystheconsultant,ithelpstotaketimeouttoreducestresslevelsoveraweekend.36.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacorrectviewonstress?   A.Stresshasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects.   B.Stressisonlyapositivereactionofthebodytopressure.   C.Stressonlyleadstoseriousproblems.   D.Stressisunavoidableaspartofournature.37.Apersonwhohaslosthisinnerbalancemaysoonfeel   A.fitandhealthy.   B.under-oroverworked.   C.relaxedandhappy.   D.irritated,tiredandexhausted.38.Whowilleasilytakeeverylittlestrifeasnegativestress?   A.Thosewhosufferfromtheflu.   B.Thosewhoareingoodmoods.   C.Thosewhoaresuccessful.   D.Thosewhofeelrefreshedateverynewturn.39.Allthefollowingcomplaintsaresaidtohaveincreasedamongchildrenaged12to16EXPECT   A.painfulheadache.   B.indigestion.   C.nervousnessandconcentrationproblems.   D.lossofmemory.40.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapossiblecurefornegativestress?   A.Readinggoodliterature.   B.Practicingyoga.   C.Havingahealthydiet.   D.Workingovertime.125    第三篇IstheNewsBelievable?   Unlessyouhavegonethroughtheexperienceyourself,orwatchedalovedone’sstruggle,youreallyhavenoideajusthowdesperatecancercanmakeyou.Youpray,yourage,youbargainwithGod,butmostofallyouclutchatanyhope,nomatterhowremote,ofasecondchanceatlife.   Forafewexciteddayslastweek,however,itseemedasifthewholeworldwasacancerpatientandthatallhumankindhadbeengrantedareprieve(痛苦减轻).Triggeredbyafront-pagemedicalnewsstoryintheusuallyreservedNewYorkTimes,allanybodywastalkingabout---ontheradio,ontelevision,ontheInternet,inphonecallstofriendsandrelatives----wasthereportthatacombinationoftwonewdrugscould,astheTimesputit,“curecancerintwoyears.”   Inamatterofhourspatientshadjammedtheirdoctors’phonelinesbeggingforachancetotestthemiraclecancercure.Cancerscientistsracedtothephonestomakesureeveryoneknewabouttheirresearchtoo,generatinganewroundofheadlines.   Thetimecertainlyseemedripeforabreakthroughincancer.OnlylastmonthscientistsattheNationalCancerInstituteannouncedthattheywerehaltingaclinicaltrialofadrugcalledtamoxifen(他莫昔芬)------andofferingittopatientsgettingtheplacebo(安慰剂)-----becauseithadprovedsoeffectiveatpreventingbreastcancer(althoughitalsoseemedtoincreasetheriskofuterine(子宫的)cancer).TwoweekslatercametheNewYorkTimes’reportthattwonewdrugscouldshrinktumorsofeveryvarietywithoutanysideeffectswhatsoever.   Itallseemedtoogoodtobetrue,andofcourseitwas.Therearenomiraclecancerdrugs,atleastnotyet.Atthisstageallthedrugmanufacturescanofferissomeveryinterestingmolecules,andtheonlycancerstheyhavecuredsofarhavebeeninmice.Bythemiddleoflastweek,eventheTVtalk-showhostswhotalkedmostaboutthenewshadlearnedwhateveryscientistalreadyknew:thatcuringadiseaseinlabanimalsisnotthesameasdoingitinhumans.“Thehistoryofcancerresearchhasbeenahistoryofcuringcancerinthemouse,”Dr.RichardKlausner,headoftheNationalCancerInstitute,toldtheLosAngelesTimes.“Wehavecuredmiceofcancerfordecades---anditsimplydidn’tworkinpeople.”41.Accordingtothepassage,apersonsufferingfromcancerwill   A.giveupanyhope.   B.prayforthehealthofhislovedones.   C.seizeeverychanceofsurvival.   D.gooutofhiswaytohelpothers.42.Theunprecedentedinterestinthecureofcancerwasarousedby   A.anationwidediscussionofthetopic.   B.anannouncementbytheNationalCancerInstitute.   C.amedicalnewsstoryintheLosAngelesTimes.   D.areportintheNewYorkTimes.43.AccordingtotheNewYorkTimes’report,acombinationoftwonewdrugscould   A.preventbreastcancer.   B.reducethesizeofalltumors.   C.curevariousdiseases.   D.preventuterinecancer.44.Inthefirstsentenceofthelastparagraph,“itwas”means   A.“itwastoogoodtobetrue.”   B.“itwastrue.”   C.“itwasamiracledrug.”   D.“itwasgood.”45.Thehistoryofcancerresearchhasshownthat125    A.miraclecancerdrugsoftenturnupunexpectedly.   B.themassmediacanworkwonders.   C.animalsandhumansaresimilarinbehaviour.   D.curingcancersinmiceismucheasierthaninhumans.   第5部分：补全短文ANewMedicinetoTreatBothAIDSandHepatitisB   AmedicineapprovedlastmothtotreatAIDS(艾滋病)alsoshowspromiseagainsthepatitisB(乙　肝炎).   Thedrug,3TC,putsdownthehepatitisBvirusinpeoplewithchronicinfections,stoppingitsdamagetotheliver,researchersreported.   AboutonemillionAmericansarethoughttobeinfectedwithhepatitisB,whichcanleadtocirrhosis(肝硬化),liverfailureandlivercancerinasmallproportionofvictimsifleftuntreated.__________(46).   “It’sapreliminarystudy,butthisispromising.ItlookslikeithasthepotentialtomakeasignificantimpactonhepatitisB,”saidDrJulesL.DienstagofMassachusettsGeneralHospital,whodirectedthestudy.   CurrentlytheonlytreatmentforhepatitisBisinterferon(干扰素).Suchatreatmentcanpermanentlyeliminatethevirusinaboutone-thirdofpatients.___________(47).   Inthelateststudy,doctorsfoundthat3TCappearedtoknockouttheviruspermanentlyinabout20%ofpatientswhengivenforthreemonths.___________(48)   Unlikeinterferon;3TCisgiveninpillformandcarriesfewsideeffects.ThedrugwasapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministrationinNovemberforuseagainstAIDS.   BoththehepatitisBvirusandtheAIDSvirusneedaproteintoreproduce.___________(49).DoctorshavetestedsimilarAIDSdrugsagainsthepatitisB.butallexcept3TChaveturnedouttobeineffectiveortootoxic(有毒的)。   DrJayHoofnagleoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthsaidanextstepwillbetocombine3TCwithinterferontoseeifthetwodrugstogetherimprovethechanceofcuringhepatitisB.“Itlooksextremelypromising,”hesaidof3TC__________(50)   Ainterferonmustbeinjectedforfourtosixmonthsandoftenhasunpleasantsideeffects,includingflu-likesymptoms,fatigueanddepression.   BThehospitalisamongthebiggestonesinAmerica.   CDienstagsaidhehopesthatwithlongertreatment,thisresponseratecanbedoubled.   D“It’snottheanswer,butit’sastepintherightdirection.”   EPerhaps20%ofthesepatientshavelingering(迁延性的)infectionsthatwouldbenefitffromtreatment.   F3TCisoneofagroupofdrugsthatblockproductionofthisprotein.   第6部分：　完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）   阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项同，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上ASpecialClock   Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Thebiologicalclock________(51)plantswhentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittellsinsectswhento__________(52)theprotectivecocoon(防护卵袋)andflyaway,andittellsanimalsandhumanbeingswhentoeat,sleepandwake.   Eventsoutsidetheplantandanimal__________(53)theactionsofsomebiologicalclocks.Scientistsrecentlyfound,forexample,thatatinyanimalchangesthecolorofitsfurbecauseofthe__________(54)ofhoursofdaylight.Intheshort_________(55)ofwinter,itsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgraybrownin_________(56)inthelongerhoursofdaylightinsummer.   Innersignalscontrolother_________(57)clocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomekindofinternalclock125 seemstoorderbirdstobegintheirlongmigration_________(58)twiceeachyear.Birds_________(59)fromflyingbecomerestlesswhenitistimeforthetrip,_________(60)theybecomecalmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.   Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtolearnwhich_________(61)ofthebraincontainbiologicalclocks.AnAmericanresearcher,MartinMoorhead,saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrain__________(62)tocontrolthetimingofsomeofouractions.These__________(63)tellapersonwhentowake,whento_________(64)andwhentoseekfood.Scientistssaythereprobablyareotherbiologicalclockcellsthat__________(65)otherbodyactivities.   51AsaysBasksCtalksDtells   52AreachBleaveCescapeDenter   53AaffectBadoptCavoidDexpress   54AtimeBvalueCamountDnumber   55AdaysBmonthsCminutesDweeks   56AshapeBtypeCformDcolor   57AphysicalBbiologicalCmentalDportable   58AoperationBflightCmovementDtransportation   59AderivedBpreventedCoriginatedDprotected   60AbutBunlessCthereforeDif   61ApartsBideasCsortsDimages   62AtriesBlikesCseemsDwants   63AfunctionsBplacesCactionsDcells   64AlieBsleepCstandDwalk   65AbuildBdemandCreflectDcontrol   答案：1.B2.D3.D4.D5.C6.C7.B8.C9.D10.D11.B12.B13.A14.A15.B16.B17.B18.A19.A20.C21.B22.C23.B24.D25.F26.C27.C28.F29.D30.A31.D32.A33.C34.C35.B36.C37.D38.A39.D   40.D41.C42.D43.B44.A45.D   46.E47.A48.C49.F50.D51.D52.B53.A54.D55.A56.D57.B58.B59.B60.A61.A62.C63.D64.B65.D125'