英语专业中国文化课后习题答案汇总1-15.doc 24页

'Chapter1答案1.Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer).1)c2)b3)a4)d5)c2.Fillintheblanks.6)Sumerian,Egyptian,Chinesecharacters7)red,rectangular,fivestars8)form,sound,meaning9)familyname,thegivenname,xing,shi,ming,zi3.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish.10)a.theImperialpalace/theForbiddenCityb.naturereservec.autonomousregiond.specialadministrativeregion11)a.theHannationalityb.ethicaltraditionc.socialstatusd.Chinesecharacter4.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish.12)papermaking,printing,thecompassandgunpowder.13)甲骨文，钟鼎文，小篆，隶书，楷书5.Answerthefollowingquestions.14)Chinesecharactersmainlyhavefourwaysofformation,namelypictographs,indicatives,ideographsandpictophonetic.15)Aperson’smingandziwerenormallygivenbyhisorherelders.Haowasdifferentfrombothmingandziinthatitwaschosenbyoneselfratherthanbyothers.Apersonoftenhadmorethanonehao.Haowasnotusedtoaddressoneanotherbutasasignatureinone’spoeticandartisticworks.Haousuallyrevealedone’saspirationsandmoralvalues.16)AChinesesurnameisgenerallycomposedofonecharacterorsyllable,suchasZhang,Wu,Li,orYang.Therearealsotwo-syllable,three-syllableorevenfour-syllablesurnames,suchasOuyang,Zhuge,Sima,Gongsun,Zhukehun,Buliugu,HoumochenandJingjiangliushi.Chapter21．Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer).1)Primitivecharacterswereinventedandcarvedon_______.a.stonesb.bamboosc.potsd.rocks2)LiBingandhissondirectedtheconstructionof_______whichmadepossiblerationalizedirrigationsupply,flooddiversionandsanddischarge.a.theGrandCanalb.theGreatWallc.theSilkRoadd.theDujiangDam3)Duringthe_______,peoplelearnedhowtosmeltbronzeanduseirontools.a.ShangDynastyb.QinDynastyc.HanDynastyd.XiaDynasty4)The“timesofprosperity”referstothe_______reignperiods.a.GenghisKhanb.YingZhengc.LiShimind.KangxiandQianlong 1)Inthe_______Dynasty,remarkableprogresswasmadeinagriculturalproductionandhandicrafts,andtowardtheendofthedynasty,therudimentsofcapitalismappeared.a.Mingb.Qingc.Songd.Shang2.Fillintheblanks.2)In__________,QinShihuang,theFirstEmperor,establishedChina’sfirstcentralizedautocracy,theQinDynasty,therebyusheringChinesehistoryintofeudalism.3)IntheHanDynasty(206B.C.-A.D.220),theHanregimereachedtheperiodofitsgreatestprosperity.EmperorWudiconqueredtheXiongnunomads,andsentZhangQianasenvoytotheWesternRegions(CentralAsia),andintheprocesspioneeredtherouteknownas____________fromtheHancapital__________(today’sXi’an，ShaanxiProvince),through__________andonward,finallyreachingtheeastcoastofthe_____________.4)The__________wastheturningpointinChinesehistorywhichmarkedthecloseoftheancientperiodandthebeginningofthemodernhistory.5)TheBourgeoisDemocraticRevolutionof1911ledby__________toppledtheruleoftheQingDynastyandputanendtomorethan2,000yearsof__________________.3.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish.6)a.旧石器时代____________b.新石器时代________________c.奴隶社会______________d.《红楼梦》________________7)a.彩陶_________________b.春秋战国时期_____________c.社会主义市场经济___________d.鸦片战争__________________4.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish.8)theSilkRoad9)“ahundredschoolsofthoughtcontend”5.Answerthefollowingquestions.14)WhytheOpiumWarwastheturningpointinChinesehistory?15)WhytheconstructionoftheDujiangDamwassoimportantinChineseancienttimes?16)WhatarethemaincontributionsofQinShiHuang?答案1．Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer).1)c2)d3)a4)d5)a2.Fillintheblanks.6)221B.C.7)SilkRoad,Chang"an,Xinjiang,MediterraneanSea8)OpiumWar9)SunYat-sen,feudalmonarchicalsystem3.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish.10)a.thePaleolithicErab.theNeolithicAgec.slavesocietyd.DreamofRedMansions 11)a.paintedpotteryb.thespringandAutumnPeriodc.socialistmarketeconomyd.OpiumWar4.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish.12)DuringthereignofEmperorWudi(LiuChe,r.140-87B.C.),theHanregimereachedtheperiodofitsgreatestprosperity:TheemperorconqueredtheXiongnunomads,andsentZhangQianasenvoytotheWesternRegions(CentralAsia),andintheprocesspioneeredtherouteknownasthe"SilkRoad"fromtheHancapitalChang"an(today"sXi"an,ShaanxiProvince),throughXinjiangandonward,finallyreachingtheeastcoastoftheMediterraneanSea.13)DuringtheSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesperiods,philosophyandotherbranchesofscholarshipwereunprecedentedlythriving,withtherepresentativesofvariousschoolsvyingwitheachotherinwritingbookstodiscusspoliticsandanalyzesociety.Hencetheappearanceofasituationinwhich"ahundredschoolsofthoughtcontended."5.Answerthefollowingquestions.14)TheOpiumWarwastheturningpointinChinesehistoryinthatitmarkedthecloseoftheancientperiodandthebeginningofthemodernhistory.15)ThereasonwhytheconstructionoftheDujiangDamwassoimportantinChineseancienttimesisthatitmadepossiblerationalizedirrigationsupply,flooddiversionandsanddischarge.16)Duringhisreign,QinShiHuangstandardizedthescript,currencies,andweightsandmeasures,establishedthesystemofprefecturesandcounties,andconstructedtheworld-renownedGreatWallaswellasalargepalace,mausoleumandtemporaryregallodgesrespectivelyinXianyang,Lishanandotherplaces.Inaddition,thelife-sizeterracottahorsesandarmoredwarriorsexcavatedfromsitesnearthemausoleumofQinShiHuangareknownastheeighthwonderoftheworld.Chapter31．Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer).1)DuringthelateSpringandAutumnPeriod,_______startedthetrendbyprovidingprivateteaching.a.XunZib.MoZic.Menciusd.Confucius2)Ideologicallyspeaking,bothConfuciusandMoZiwereidealists,buttherearenoteworthyelementsof_______inMoZi’stheoryofknowledge.a.socialismb.materialismc.capitalismd.idealism3)AccordingtoXunZi’stheoryof_______,thegoodqualitiesmanhadwereacquiredthroughlearningafterbirth.a.innateevilb.benevolentgovernancec.innategoodd.universallove4)_______isthemostimportanttheoreticianoftheLegalistschoolofthought.a.XunZib.HanFeizic.SunZid.MoZi 1)_______wasawell-knownmilitarystrategistinlateSpringandAutumnPeriod.a.MoZib.HanFeizic.XunZid.SunZi2.Fillintheblanks.2)ItissaidthatConfuciushadmorethan_______students,_______ofwhomwereconsideredtobeexcellent.3)UnlikeConfucius,__________didnotdenythequestfor________(profits,orgains),butheattachedmoreimportanceto________(righteousness)andconsidered________ashistoppriority.4)________advocateduniversallove,theloveforallwithoutdiscrimination.5)________’sconceptof________wasastepforwardcomparedtothenaive________or________initiatedduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.3.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish.6)a.儒家思想___________________b.孙子兵法_____________c.孔子语录___________________d.“亚圣”_____________7)a.封建地主阶级_______________b.保守主义_____________c.仁政_______________d.井田制_______________4.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish.8)Thesixdocuments(TheSixClassics)underConfuciuscompilation9)Mencius’ “Good Nature Doctrine”5.Answerthefollowingquestions.14)WhatistheidealmoralpersonalityaccordingtoMencius’belief?15)What’sthenotabledifferencebetweenHanFeiziandConfuciusontheviewofhumannature?16)WhatarethemaincontributionsofConfucius?17)InSunZi’sview,whatfactorsareofpivotalimportanceinmilitaryaffairs?答案1．Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer).1)d2)b3)a4)b5)d2.Fillintheblanks.6)3000,727)li,yi,yi8)MoZi9)XunZi,nature,materialism,atheism3.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish.10)a.Confucianismb.(SunWu’s)theArtofWarc.Confuciananalectsd.SecondSage11)a.thefeudallandlordclassb.conservatismc.thepolicyofbenevolenced.thenine-squarefieldsystem4.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish.12)Thesixdocuments(TheSixClassics)underConfuciuscompilationincludeShi(TheBookofSongs),Shu(CollectionofAncientTexts),Li(TheRites),Yue(TheMusic),Yi(IChing,orTheClassicofChanges),andChunQiu(TheSpring andAutumnAnnuals),whichareconsideredastheclassicsofConfucianism.13)Menciusbelievedthathumanbeingsaregoodbynature.Heheldthatthisgoodnessisinnateandcanbeacquiredwithoutlearningorthinking;one’snaturalgoodnessispresentedbytheexerciseofbenevolence,righteousness,proprietiesandprudence.Evilcomesintobeingwhenonerejectstheirnaturalgoodness.5.Answerthefollowingquestions.14)AccordingtoMencius,theidealmoralpersonalityisthatoneshouldneverbe“corruptedbyneitherrichesnorhonors,shakenbyneitherpovertynoradversity,falteredbyneitherthreatsnorforce”.15)HanFeiziarguedthathumannatureisbasicallyselfish,andthusthesocialordercanbemaintainedonlywhentherulerimposesrulesandhissubjectsmustobeywithoutquestioningandenforcesthemwithstrictpunishments.Asamoralandethicalsystem,“ren”isthecentralthemeofConfuciusAnalects,whichfocusesonhumanlovethatishierarchicalanddifferentiated.ThusConfuciuscreatedhisversionofhumanism.Inhisidea,humannatureispartiallygoodandpartiallyevil.Basedon“ren”,Confuciusobjectedtothefantasticpowersthatconfusedthehumanspirit.16)AsoneofthegreatestthinkersandeducatorsinthehistoryofChina,Confucius’contributionslieinthefollowingthreeaspects.Firstly,hecompiledandpreservedliteraryworksofthreegenerations.Thesixdocuments(TheSixClassics)underhiscompilation,includingShi(TheBookofSongs),Shu(CollectionofAncientTexts),Li(TheRites),Yue(TheMusic),Yi(IChing,orTheClassicofChanges),andChunQiu(TheSpringandAutumnAnnuals),areconsideredastheclassicsofConfucianism.Secondly,Confuciusestablishedasystemofphilosophicalthoughtswith“ren”(benevolence)asitsfundamentalvirtue.Thirdly,Confuciusestablishedprivateschoolsandfoundedasystematiceducationalframework.Chapter41．Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer).1)Itiswidelybelievedthat_______wastheauthorofTaoTeChing.a.Confuciusb.Menciusc.MoZid.LaoZi2)Politically,LaoZiadvocatedrulingby_______.a.thegovernmentb.peoplec.godd.non-actionorinaction3)FromZhuangZi’spointofview,only_______wasabsolute,whileeverythingelsewasrelative.a.loveb.theWayc.“ren”d.god4)_______wasbornatKuPrefecture(today’sLuyiCountyofHenanprovince)inthelateryearsoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod.a.Confuciusb.LaoZic.Menciusd.MoZi 1)LaoZiwasaphilosopherofancientChinaandisacentralfigurein__________.a.Buddhismb.Islamc.Daoismd.Confucianism2.Fillintheblanks.2)TheidealisticstateinLaoZi’sdescriptionis__________,even__________andinisolation.3)ForLaoZi,itwasmoreimportantto“see_______________,torealizeone’s____________,tocastoff__________,andtotemper__________”.4)LaoZiliterallymeans"___________"andisgenerallyconsideredanhonorific.5)LaoZi’sphilosophyreflectstheexplorationofanintellectualfortheultimatesolutionof_____________and_____________.3.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish.6)a.史前时期______________b.悲观主义______________c.道教__________________d.天人相应______________7)a.中华武术______________b.占星学_______________c.中国炼丹术____________d.社会秩序______________4.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish.8)theThreeJewelsoftheTao9)the“FourSacredDaoistMountains”5.Answerthefollowingquestions.14)WhatdoesLaoZi’s“Tao”mean?15)WhyTaoismissoimportantinChinesereligion?16)HowdoyouunderstandLaoZi’s“rulingbynon-actionorinaction”?答案1．Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer).1)d2)d3)b4)b5)c2.Fillintheblanks.6)naturalistic,primitive7)thesimplicity,truenature,selfishness,desire8)OldMaster9)thesocialorder,individualfreedom3.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish.10)a.prehistorictimesb.pessimismc.Taoismd.men-cosmoscorrespondence11)a.Chinesemartialartsb.astrologyc.Chinesealchemyd.socialorder4.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish.12)compassion,moderation,andhumility13)MountLonghu(MountDragonandTiger)inJiangxiProvince,MountQingchenginSichuanProvince,MountWudanginHubeiProvince,andMountQiyuninAnhuiProvince.5.Answerthefollowingquestions.14)ThecoreofLaoZi’sthoughtis“Tao”(theWay),bywhichhereferedtotheconditionoftheuniversebeforethecreationoftheheavenandtheearth. Therefore,itisfromTaothatalltheelementsoftheuniversearederived.ReversalenablesTaotohaveacircularmovement,thatis,whenthedevelopmentofanythingbringsittooneextreme,areversaltotheotherextremetakesplace.15)TaoismisoneofthemostimportantreligionsinChina,whichreferstoavarietyofrelatedphilosophicalandreligioustraditionsandconcepts.ThesetraditionshaveinfluencedEastAsiaforovertwothousandyearsandsomehavespreadtotheWest.AsthenativereligionofChina,Daoism,togetherwithConfucianismandBuddhism,comprisesthemainbodyoftraditionalChineseculture.Daoists,inpursuitoftheidealofbecomingimmortalsbypracticingDao,madegreateffortstotranscendconventionalwisdomaboutlifeandknowledgeandthushelpedbothtodefineancientscienceinChinaandtoadvanceitthroughagreatnumberofinventions.Chinesealchemy,astrology,cuisine,severalChinesemartialarts,Chinesetraditionalmedicine,fengshui,andmanystylesofqigongbreathtrainingdisciplineshavebeenintertwinedwithDaoismthroughouthistory.16)LaoZi’s“rulingbynon-actionorinaction”reflectstheexplorationofanintellectualfortheultimatesolutionofthesocialorderandindividualfreedom.Hispursuitofvacuityandactionthroughnon-actionechoestherealityofhistime,aperiodtornbyceaselesswarsamongstates.LaoZiusedthetermbroadlywithsimplicityandhumilityaskeyvirtues,oftenincontrasttoselfishaction.Onapoliticallevel,itmeansavoidingwars,harshlawsandheavytaxes.Forhim,itwasmoreimportantto“seethesimplicity,torealizeone’struenature,tocastoffselfishness,andtotemperdesire”.Chapter51．Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer).1)Buddhismoriginatedin_______inthe6thcenturyBC.SakyamuniissaidtobethefounderofBuddhism.a.Chinab.Japanc.Indiad.Korea2)In1996,Mount_______wasincludedintheListoftheWorldFamousCulturalRelics.a.Jiuhuab.Wutaic.Emeid.Putuo3)Buddhismisthenumber_______religioninChina.a.oneb.twoc.threed.four4)Mount_______isknowninandoutofthecountryas“themostworshippedsacredplace”and“thefirstmountaininSoutheastChina.”a.Jiuhuab.Wutaic.Emeid.Putuo5)Mount_______hasnumeroustemplesandnunneries,andisthereforecalleda“BuddhistKingdomontheSea”.a.Jiuhuab.Wutaic.Emeid.Putuo 2.Fillintheblanks.1)BuddhismwasspreadtoChinain67ADduring________________(206BC-220)fromHotaninXinjiangtoCentralChina.During________________dynasties,Buddhismentereditsgoldenage.2)Buddhismhasalwaysco-existedwith__________and________.3)____________isthemostwell-knownoneamongthe“FourSacredBuddhistMountains”inChinaandtheonlyChinesemountainmentionedinBuddhistscriptures.Standingat3,058metersabovesealevel,itwasseenasthe______________________.4)ThebiggestattractionsofMountWutaiarethenumerous_____________.Sofarthereremainatotalof____________here,ranking_______inChina.3.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish.5)a.佛教____________________b.冥想________________c.儒家思想________________d.佛寺________________6)a.大雄宝殿________________b.佛经________________c.(中国祭祀用之)香___________d.避暑圣地____________4.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish.7)TheFourWondersofMountEmei8)theTenSchoolsofChineseBuddhism5.Answerthefollowingquestions.14)WhatisthecornerstoneofBuddhistphilosophy?15)WhatdoesthedoctrineofFourNobleTruthsreferto?16)HowdidMountJiuhuaobtainitsfame?答案1.Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer).1)c2)c3)a4)a5)d2.Fillintheblanks.6)theHanDynasty,theSuiandTang7)Confucianism,Taoism8)Wutai,the“roofofnorthernChina”9)Buddhisttemples,76temples,first3.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish.10)a.Buddhismb.meditationc.Confucianismd.Buddhisttemple11)a.theGreatBuddhaHallb.Buddhistscripturec.jossstickd.summerresort4.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish.12)TheFourWondersofMountEmeiarethe“GoldenSummitSunrise”,“SeaofClouds”,“Buddha’sHalo”andthe“HolyLamp”.13)TheTenSchoolsofChineseBuddhismareasfollows:a.RealitySchoolorKosaSchoolorAbhidharmaSchool.b.SatysiddhiSchoolorCheng-seSchool.c.ThreeSastraSchoolorSan-lunSchool.d.TheLotusSchoolorT"ien-t"aiSchool.e.TheGarlandSchoolorHua-yen. f.IntuitiveSchoolorCh"anSchoolorDhyanaSchool.g.DisciplineSchoolorLuSchoolorVinayaSchool.h.EsotericSchoolorChen-yienSchoolorMantraSchool.i.DharmalaksanaSchoolorCh"u-enSchoolorFa-siangSchool.j.Pure-landSchoolorSukhavatiSchoolorChing-t"uSchool.5.Answerthefollowingquestions.14)ThecornerstoneofBuddhistphilosophyistheviewthatalllifeissuffering.15)thedoctrineofFourNobleTruthsrefersto:lifeissuffering,thecauseofsufferingisdesire,theansweristoquenchdesire,andthewaytothisendistofollowtheEight-FoldPath,whichconsistsofrightknowledge,rightthought,rightspeech,rightbehavior,rightlivelihood,righteffort,rightmindfulnessandrightconcentration.16)WhenLiBai,famousChinesepoetoftheTangDynasty,wasinvitedtoMountJiuhua,hewasoverwhelmedbythesceneofninepeaksthatlooklikelotusbloomsfromheaven.Outofadmirationhecomposedthelines:“TwoforcespreservebetweentheWorldandtheHeaven;NinelotusesblossomontheJiuhuaMountain.”Sincethenthemountainhasbeenattractingmenoflettersthroughouttheages,andthusJiuhuaobtaineditsfame.Chapter61Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer).1)ThecommentsaboutClassicofChangesareonthefollowingEXCEPT.a.oneoftheoldestoftheChineseclassictextsb.asymbolsystemusedtoidentifyorderinrandomeventsc.sometimesregardedasasystemofdivinationd.acompilationofdocumentaryrecordsrelatedtoeventsinancienthistoryofChina2)isthesourceofChineseverseandthestartingpointoftheChineseepic.a.TheAnalectsofConfuciusb.ClassicofHistoryc.SpringandAutumnAnnalsd.TheClassicofPoetryThecommentsaboutShijingareonthefollowingEXCEPT.a.ItcoversallaspectsofthesocietyoftheZhouDynastyb.ItisamirrorreflectingtheZhouDynasty.c.itisthemostvaluableandimportantmaterialinthestudyoftheChineselanguagefromthe11thcenturytothe6thcenturyB.C.d.itincludesthebasictheoriesofself-improvementandhowtoadministratethecountry.4)TheFourBooksrefertoTheGreatLearning,TheAnalects,Menciusand. a.TheSpringandAutumnb.TheClassicofHistoryc.TheClassicofRitesd.TheDoctrineoftheMean2Fillintheblanks.5)_______,________,________,________,________,________arecollectivelyknownasthe“sixdivisions”.6)FiveClassicsreferto_______,_______,_______,_______and_______.7)ThepoemsinShijingweredividedintothreecategories,namely,_______,_______and_______.3TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish8)a.《大学》TheGreatLearningb.《论语》TheAnalectsofConfucius9)a.《中庸》TheDoctrineoftheMeanb.《尚书》TheClassicofHistory10)a.《易经》TheClassicofChangesb.四书五经TheFourBooksandFiveClassics4.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish.11)“ConfucianWayoftheHeart”.12)“Toknowsomethingisnotsogoodastolikeit;tolikeitisnotsogoodastodelightinit.”5.Answerthefollowingquestions.13)CanyougivespecificexamplestoillustratewhatisZhongyong?14)Confuciusadvocatesuniversallove,doyouthinkitiscontradictedwithprinciples?Keys1.1)d2)d3)d4)d2.5)Feng,Ya,Song,Fu,Bi,Xing6)TheClassicofPoetry;TheClassicofHistory;TheClassicofRites;TheClassicofRites;TheClassicofChanges;TheSpringandAutumnAnnals.7)Feng(Ballads);Ya(Odes);Song(SacrificialSongs)3.8)a.TheGreatLearningb.TheAnalectsofConfucius9)a.TheDoctrineoftheMeanb.TheClassicofHistory10)a.TheClassicofChangesb.TheFourBooksandFiveClassics4.11)“ConfuciusWayoftheHeart”meansifeveryonemakesstrictdemandsonhimself/herself,anddoeseverythingaccordingtotheConfucianrites,thentherelationsbetweenthekingandtheminister,thefatherandthesonwilleventuallybeharmonized,andthesocietywillgosmoothly.12)“Toknowsomethingisnotsogoodastolikeit;tolikeitisnotsogoodastodelightinit.”Itmeansapersonwhoprefersitcanlearnbetterthanonewho merelyunderstandsit;butapersonwhodelightsinitlearnsevenbetterthanonewhoonlyprefersit.5.略Chapter71Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer).1)WhenYaowastheleaderoftheconfederationoftribes,sunsappearedinthesky.a.tenb.ninec.eightd.thirteen2)taughtpeoplehowtogrowcropsandthusbroughtagriculturetotheearth.a.Yub.Yandic.HuangDid.HouYi3)istheheroofcontrollingflood.a.Yub.Yandic.HuangDid.HouYi4)ItissaidthatNuwausedtomendthecracksinthesky.a.five-coloredstonesb.yellowclayc.cottond.cloth2Fillintheblanks.5)Yuistheheroof.Hewasreveredasofhisachievementandselectedtosucceedtothethroneby.6)Itissaidthattherewasnomanwhentheskyandtheearthwereseparatedby.Itwaswhomadehumanbeingafterwith.3TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish7)a.炎黄子孙b.大禹治水8)a.八仙过海____b.女娲造人9)a.盘古开天b.夸父追日4Answerthefollowingquestions.10)WhydoesChinesepeoplecallthemselvesthedescendantsofYanandHuang?11)DoyouknowthestoryofGenesis?ArethereanysimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenGenesisandNüwaCreatesMan?5Retellthestorieswiththehelpofthefollowingpictures. 参考答案1Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer).1)a2)b3)a4)a2Fillintheblanks.5)controllingflood,YvtheGreat,Shun6)PanGu,NvWa,herownmodel,yellowclay3TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish7)a.thedescendantsofYanandHuangb.YvtheGreatcontrollingtheflood8)a.theEightImmortalscrossingthesea.b.NvWacreatingman9)a.PanGucreatingtheworldb.KuaFuchasingtheSun4Answerthefollowingquestions.10)HuangDiisresourcefulininventionaswellasinwarandiscreditedwiththeinventionofmanythings,likecartsandboats,clothes,houses,writingandsilkwormbreedingandSilkweaving.YanDiiscreditedwiththeinventionoffarmingandmedicine.Heinventedthewoodenplowandtaughtpeoplehowtotreatdiseases.WarsurgedthemixtureandtheassimilationofdifferenttribesandeventuallyformedatribalallianceofHuangDiandYanDi.TraditionshasitthatChinesecivilizationoriginatedfromtheeraofHuangDiandYanDi,fortheyaretheancestorsoftheChinesepeople.ThatiswhytheChinesecallthemselvesthedescendantsofYanandHuang.11)略5Retellthestorieswiththehelpofthefollowingpictures.略Chapter8Poetry1Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer).1)ThethreemostfamouspoetsinTangdynastywere.a.WangWei,LiBaiandDuFub.WangWei,SuTung-poandDuFuc.SuXun,OuyangXiuandLiQingzhaod.SuTung-po,LiQingzhaoandTaoYuanming 2)Gutireferstotheverseformsusedinpre-Tangtimes,whichincludethefollowingEXCEPT:a.shijingb.chucic.yuefud.blankverse3)ThefollowingpoemsarewrittenbyLiBai(712-770)EXCEPT:a.ThoughtsofaQuietNightb.SeeingMengHaoranOffatYellowCraneTowerc.TheWaterfallinMountLuViewedfromAfard.WildHoneySuckle4)WhichpoemisWrittenbyDuFu？a.HappyRainonaSpringNightb.LeavingatDawntheWhiteEmperorTownc.ThePeacockFlyingSoutheastd.TheGoddess2Fillintheblanks.5)ChineseClassicalpoetryismainlyclassifiedintwocategories:and.“Gu”(古)inChinesemeans“”,“ti”(体)means“”;“jin”(近，今)means“”.6)Theearliestanthologyofpoetryis(ClassicofPoetry,cf.pp48-49).7)isQuYuan’smasterpieceandthemostimportantlyricandromanticpoemofchuci.8)DuFu(712-770),wascrownedthe“”bylatergenerations.HeisalsoregardedasofancientChina.9)TherearetwogenresofciinSongDynasty.Oneisrepresentedby,theotherisrepresentedby.3TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish10)a.唐诗b.宋词11)a.元曲b.楚辞4ExplainthefollowinginEnglish.12)YuefuFolkSongs13)Ci14)Fu5Answerthefollowingquestions15)CanyoumakeacomparisonbetweenThePeacockflewtotheSoutheastandRomeoandJuliet?16)Canyoulistsomeliteraryworkswhichreflecttheprogressiveideaof“Lettingallthoseinlovebefinallyjoinedinperfectunion”?参考答案:11)a2)d3)d4)a2 5)thegutiverseforms,jintiverseforms,classical,verseform,moder6)Shijing7)LiSao8)SagePoet,thegreatestrealistpoet9)SuShi,LiQingzhao3.10)a.TangPoemsb.Songci11)a.yuanqub.Chuci4.12)Yuefuoriginallyreferredtothe“musicbureau”intheHanDynasty,responsibleforcollectingorwritingpoems,folksongsandballads,andhavingthemsettomusic.Later,poems,folksongsandballadscollectedandcompiledbyyufuweregiventhenameYuefu.13)Ciisakindofpoetrywrittentocertaintuneswithstricttonalpatternsandrhymeschemes,infixednumbersoflinesandwords,originatedinTangDynastyandfullydevelopedinSongDynasty.14)Apartfromtheaboveverseforms,thereisalsoFu,it’ssomethingbetweenpoetryandprose,similartorhapsody:adescriptivepoem,andmuchcultivatedfromHantimestotheSixDynasties.ExamplesareSuShi"s“FuontheRedCliff”,BanGu’sRhapsodyonTwoCapitals”,etc.5.略Chapter9ChineseFiction1Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer).1)isthefirstnovelinthehistoryofChineseliteraturethatdepictsthewholedevelopmentalprocessofpeasantuprising.a.ThreeKingdomsb.OutlawsoftheMarshc.BorderTownd.MarvelousTalesofthePastandPresent2)isgenerallyrecognizedasamasterpieceaboutdeitiesandghosts.a.FortressBesiegedb.TheTrueStoryofAhQc.Goddessd.JourneytotheWest3)Whichoneisnotknownas《红楼梦》?a.TheStoryoftheStoneb.TheTreasuredMirrorofRomanticAffairsc.RebirthoftheGoddessd.TheAnecdotesoftheRomanticBronze4)ThefollowingstoriesarewrittenbyLuXunEXCEPTa.TheTrueStoryofAh-Q. b.KongYijic.TheNewYearSacrificed.TheScholars5)WhichonewaswrittenbyShenCongwen?a.LongRiverb.TheWestChamberc.CamelXiangzid.Thunderstorm6)WhichoneisnotwrittenbyMoYan?a.Tiantangsuantaizhigeb.Shengsipilaoc.Wad.LuoTuoXiangzi2.Fillintheblanks.7)FourgreatclassicalChinesenovelsappearedintheMingDynasty(1368-1644)andtheQingDynasty(1644-1911).Theyare,,and.8)ThePilgrimtotheWest,commonlyknowntothewesternreadersas“”,isoneoftheFourGreatclassicalChinesenovels.9)ADreamofRedMansionsiscomprisedof120chapters,thefirst80ofwhichwerewrittenbyandtheremaining40by.10)RomanceoftheThreeKingdomsisrecognisedastheearliestfull-lengthChinesenovel,theplotcentersontheriseandfalloftheThreeKingdomsof,,and.11)isthefirstChinesevernacularnovel,layingafoundationforlatercreations.12)Torrent,amasterpieceofBaJin,isatrilogyconsistingof,and.3TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish13)a.白话文b.大观园14)a.激流三部曲b.《三国演义》4ExplainthefollowinginEnglish15)HuaBen16)TheGrandViewGarden5Answerthefollowingquestions17)Howdoyouunderstand“Itisageneraltruismofthisworldthatanythinglongdividedwillsurelyunite,andanythinglongunitedwillsurelydivide”?18)JinPingMeidoeshavemanypassagesofgraphicsex,likeLadyChatterley’sLoversusedforcharacterdelineation.Doyouthinkitisvulgar?19)CanyounamesomefilmsadaptedfromLiaozhaiZhiyi?20)TheheroofthenovelXiangziisanhonest,uprightordinaryrickshaw-pullerinBeijing.Nomatterhowhardheworked,Xiangzifailedtoliveadecentlife.Accordingtoyourunderstanding,whatisthecauseofhistragicfate?6Groupdiscussion:Ifyouhaveachance,whodoyouwanttobe? 参考答案:11)b2)d3)c4)d5)a6)d27)ADreamofRedMansions,ThePilgrimtotheWest,RomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,andOutlawsoftheMarsh.8)MonkeyKing9)CaoXueqin,GaoE10)Wei,Shu,Wu11)JinPingMei12)TheFamily,TheSpringandTheAutumn313)a.vernacularnovelb.GrandViewGarden14)a.trilogyTorrentb.ThreeKingdoms4.15)HuaBenisactuallyakindofmonologueforactorstotellstoriestothelower-classaudiencewhowereunabletoreadforthemselves.16)TheGrandViewGardenisalargelandscapedinteriorgardenintheclassicChinesenovelDreamoftheRedChamber,builtwithinthecompoundsoftheRongguoMansion.Itisthesettingformuchofthestory.WhentheJiafamilyestatesareconfiscated,theGardenisransacked.Beingfartherfromtheinnerapartments,itisalsodestroyedbytheImperialGuards.5.略6.略Chapter10Drama1Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer)1)RomanceoftheWestChamberwaswrittenby:a.HongShengb.WangShifuc.WangWei d.CaoYu2)Whoissometimesstyledas“ShakespeareoftheOrient”？a.TangXianzub.HongShengc.KongShangrend.LiBai3)isthelovestoryofCuiYingyingandZhangShengabouttheirdaringresistancetothefeudaletiquettesintheirpursuitforlove.a.JourneytotheWestb.TheWestChamberc.CamelXiangzid.Thunderstorm4)ZhouPuyuanandFanYiarethecharactersofa.Thunderstormb.ThePeachBlossomFanc.TheHallofEverlastingLifed.ThePeonyPavilion2Fillintheblanks.5)Chinahasalongtraditionofopera,datingfromtheDynasties.6)Fourplaywrightsemergedasthe“”:GuanHanqing(关汉卿，1220~1300),BaiPu(白朴，1226~1306),MaZhiyuan(马致远，1250~1321),andZhengGuangzu(郑光祖，?~?).7)“FourGreatYuanTragedies”are:,,,and.3.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese8)a.ThePeonyPavilionb.TheMidsummerSnow9)a.RaindropsonPhoenixTreeb.AutumnintheHanPalace 10)a.TheOrphanoftheZhao’sb.Thunderstorm4ExplainthefollowinginEnglish11)Kunqu12)ThePeonyPavilion5.Answerthefollowingquestions13)WhatarethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenTheWestChamberandPeonyPavillion?14)DoyoufindanysimilaritybetweenEugeneO’Neill’DesireundertheElmsandCaoYu’sThunderstorm?参考答案:1.1)b2)a3)b4)a2.5)Qin-Han6)FourGreatPlaywrightsofYuanDynasty7)TheMidsummerSnow,RaindropsonPhoenixTree,AutumnintheHanPalaceandTheOrphanoftheZhao’s3.8)a.《牡丹亭》b.《窦娥冤》9)a.《梧桐雨》b.《汉宫秋》10)a.《赵氏孤儿》b.《雷雨》4.11)KunquisoneoftheoldestandmostrefinedstylesofChineseopera.Itisregardedasthe‘mother’ofChinesetheatre,havingspawnedmanyotherforms,andislistedasoneofUNESCO’sMasterpiecesoftheOralandIntangibleHeritageofHumanity.12)ThePeonyPavilionisthemostfrequentlypieceplayedinChineseKunquOperabyTangXianzu.ThestorytakesplaceintheSouthernSongperiod:DuLiniang,asheltered,lonelygirlofsixteen,dreamsofahandsomeyoungscholar.Saddenedthat hewasonlyadream,shepinesaway.Beforeshedies,shepaintsaself-portraitandhidesitinthegarden.Hermotherburiesherunderaplumtree,andashrineiserectedtohermemory.LiuMengmei,animpoverishedscholar,anddreamsofabeautifulyoungwomanunderaplumtreewhoprophesiesthatonlyshewillbringhimhappiness.Whiletraveling,hefindsDuLiniang"sportrait,andfallsinlovewiththeimage.Liniang’sghostappears.ConvincedofMengmei"slove,sherevealsthatsheisaghost,butthatshecanberevived.Bravinghisownfears,Mengmeiopensthegrave.Liniangreturnstolife.5.略Chapter11:CalligraphyandPainting2.Fillintheblanks.1)WemaydividethedevelopmentalhistoryofChinesecalligraphytothreePeriods.ThePre-QinPeriod(before22B.C.)maybecalledtheancientperiod,or___________.FromtheWesternHanDynasty(206B.C.-24A.D.)totheendoftheTangDynasty(618-907A.D.)isthesecondperiod,or___________.FromtheFiveDynasties(907-960A.D.)totheendoftheQingDynasty(1644-1911A.D.)isthemodernperiod,or____________.2)Accordingtothemeansofexpression,Chinesepaintingcanbedividedintotwocategories.Theyare_______and__________.3)_________wasamasterartistbothinwesternandChineseart.HespentmanyyearsinFranceandItalyafterhegraduatedfromShanghaiArtSchool.4)TraditionalChinesepaintinghasabsorbedthebestofmanyformsofart,like_______,________,and_______.3.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish5)a.楷书_________b.草书________c.行书______d.隶书______6)a.工笔画______b.写意画_______c.花鸟画__________d.剪纸____4.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish.7)fourtreasuresofthestudy8)sixprinciplesofChinesepainting“Likenessinspiritresidesinunlikeness”5.Answerthefollowingquestions.14）WhatarethefourbasicskillsanddisciplinesoftheChineseliteratiinancienttimes?15）WhyareChinesecalligraphyandChinesepaintingcloselyrelated? 16）WhatisthedifferencebetweentraditionalChinesepaintingandwesternpainting?参考答案1.1)b2)c3)d4)a5)c2.6)traditional;western7)painting;calligraphy8)figure;emperors;SouthernTang9)blurredoutlines;impressionist3.10)a.regularscriptb.cursivescriptc.semi-cursivescriptd.clericalstylescript11)a.meticulousbrushworkb.freehandbrushworkc.flower-and-birdpaintingd.papercutting4.12)brush,ink,inkstoneandpaper13)TheSixprinciplesofChinesepaintingwereestablishedbyXieHe,awriter,arthistorianandcriticin5thcenturyChina.Hethoughtthesixelementsthatdefineapaintingare:a)"SpiritResonance"orvitality,andseemstotranslatetothenervousenergytransmittedfromtheartistintothework.Theoverallenergyofaworkofart.XieHesaidthatwithoutSpiritResonance,therewasnoneedtolookfurther.b)"BoneMethod"orthewayofusingthebrush.Thisrefersnotonlytotextureandbrushstroke,buttothecloselinkbetweenhandwritingandpersonality.Inhisday,theartofcalligraphywasinseparablefrompainting.c)"CorrespondencetotheObject"orthedepictingofform,whichwouldincludeshapeandline.d)"SuitabilitytoType"ortheapplicationofcolor,includinglayers,valueandtone.e)"DivisionandPlanning"orplacingandarrangement,correspondingtocomposition,spaceanddepth.f)"TransmissionbyCopying"orthecopyingofmodels,notonlyfromlifebutalsotheworksofantiquity.5.14)calligraphy,painting,astringmusicalinstrumentandastrategicboardgame15)ChinesecalligraphyandChinesepaintingarecloselyrelatedbecauselinesareusedinboth.16)略ExercisestoChapter12 1.Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer)1)c.2)d.3)b.4)c.5)d.2.Fillintheblanks6)InImperialChina,thescholarsandladiesofthehighsocietywereexpectedtomasterqin(guqin),qi(weiqi),shu(Calligraphy),andhua(painting).7)Thecharacteristicof“pipa”hasextremelywidedynamicrangeandremarkableexpressivepower.8)Themusicplayedon“MorinKhur”wasjustlikethesoundofgallopinghorseandthewhinnyingwithgreatvarietyandvirtuosity.9)Variantsofthe“suona”,likethealtosuona,tenorsuonaandbasssuona,amongstotherforms,havebeencreatedtoplayonceunreachablenoteranges.3.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish10)a.笛子：fluteb.中提琴：violac.大提琴：cellod.小提琴：violin11)a.琴弦：stringb.合奏：tuttic.独奏：solod.管弦乐队：orchestra4.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish12)folksongsFolksongs,developedindependentlywithlocalflavor,describedthecommonpeople’sworkinganddailylifesuchasfishing,farming,andherding,sothefolksongsareverypopularamongthelocalcommonpeople.13)LiuqinLiuqin,asmallversionofpipawithfourstringswhichsoundssimilartomandolin,isanaccompanyinginstrumentforfolksongsandlocalopera.5.Answerthefollowingquestions.14)WhatcanbetakenasthethreecornersofChineseculture?Beijingopera,Chinesemedicine,andtraditionalChinesepainting15)WhatrepertoirehasbeenregisteredasoneofthemasterpieceoftheOralandIntangibleHeritageofthehumanitybytheUNESCO(UnitedNations’Educational,CulturalandScientificOrganization)?Guqinrepertoire16)WhywerealotofChineseancientGuqinrepertoireslost?Therearetworeasons:Onewasthepass-awayofsomemasterswhodidn’tleaveanyoftheirownrepertoires,andtwowasduetothewarsandsocialturmoilinwhichmanyofthewrittenscoreswereburnedordestroyed.ExercisestoCharacter131.Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer)1)b2)d.3)c.4)b.5)a.2.Fillintheblanks.6)Accordingtothereclassification,therearefourmajorrolesinBeijingOpera,namelysheng(male),dan(female),jing(paintedface),andchou(clown).7)Thepaintingoneachperformer’sfaceinChina’soperassymbolizesacharacter’spersonality,role,andfate.Forexample,aredfacerepresentsloyaltyandbravery ;ablackfacestandsforvalor;yellowandwhitefacesembodyduplicity,andgoldenandsilverfacesfunctionasmystery.8)KunquOperaisasynthesisofpoems,music,dance,acting,makeup,costumes,propsandsets.9)ThedivisionofSichuanOperawasbasedonthenamesoftheregionssuchastheWesternSichuanSchool,ZiyangRiverSchool,NorthernSichuanSchool,andEasternSichuanSchool.3.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.10)a.《琵琶记》：ThePipaStoryb.《柳毅传书》：Liuyi,theMessengerc.《杨家将》：GeneralsoftheYangFamilyd.《追鱼》：ChasingtheFish11)a.化妆技术：thetechniquesoffacialpaintingb.扮演角色：playarolec.编剧/剧作家：playwrightd.优雅曲调：delicatetunesandelegantmelodies4.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish12)facialmakeup:thedistinctivepaintingoneachperformer’sfacetosymbolizeacharacter’spersonality,role,andfate13)quickchangesoffacialcharacteristics:ItisthestuntsthatonlyafewofperformersinSichuanOperacanusetoshowtheirmagicpowerwithoutmakeup,anditisthetechniquethatisdistinctivefromotheroperasinChina.5.Answerthefollowingquestions.14)WhatoperaistakenastheancestorofotherschoolsofChineseoperas?Kunqu.15)Generally,therearetwokindsofariasinQingqiangOprea.Whatarethey?Oneis“huanyin(joyoustune)”,andtheotheris“kuyin(sadtune)”16)HowmanytypesaregenerallydividedtoCantoneseOperaPlays?Generally,therearetwotypes,oneofwhichiscalled“Mun”,andtheotheris“Mo”.ExercisestoCharacter141.Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer).1）b.2）c.3）d.4）a.5）a.2.Fillintheblanks.6）Western-trainedChinesearchitectshaveattemptedtocombinetraditionalChinesedesignsintomodernbuildingswithonlylimitedsuccess.7）TheChineseancientarchitectureisuniqueinemployingthetimberskeletonasitsmainstructure.Besides,Chinesegardeninghasdevelopedauniquestyle,too.8）AncientChinesearchitectureenjoysalonghistoryandgreatachievements,andhascreatedmanyarchitecturalmiracles.9）Ancientpeoplecreatedendlessspaceinlimitedlandfollowingthebuildingprincipleofreturningtonature,andtheymadefulluseofthenaturalconditionsandtriedeveryefforttoputthelayout,shape,andcolorinharmonywiththesurroundings.3.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish 10）a.（苏州）拙政园：ZhuozhengGarden(Suzhou)b.多层/高层建筑：multistorybuildingsc.皇家陵墓：imperialmausoleumsd.一座道观：aTaoisttemple11）a.烽火台：beacontowerb.审美情趣：aesthetictastec.联合国教科文组织：UNESCOd.防御系统：defensesystem4.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish.12）gardeningTheessenceandcharacteristicofgardeningisthatthebeautifulsurroundingsareconstructedwithmountains,water,buildings,road,indoordecoration,etc.,inaharmoniousandorganicway.Sotheconstructionofgardeningneedsmorespiritualandartisticcharacterthanothertypesofarchitecture.13）timberframeworkarchitectureItistheuniquefeatureandstyleofChineseancientarchitecture,withtimber,bricksandtilesasthemainbuildingmaterials.Thetoploadofastructurewillbetransferredtoitsgroundworkthroughitsposts,beams,lintelsandjoists.Wallsbearnoloadandonlyseparatethespaces.5.Answerthefollowingquestions.14）WhatImperialDynastywasthetimetostartconstructionofthegardening?QinDynasty15）WhatAsiancountrieshavebeeninfluencedbytheChinesearchitecturalstyles?Korea,VietnamandJapan16)HowmanycategoriescanChina’sgardeningbegroupedinto?Andwhatarethey?Itcanbegroupedintotwocategories.Generally,oneistheimperialgardensinBeijing,andtheotheristheprivategardensintheSouthofChina.ExercisestoCharacter151.Multiplechoice(choosethebestanswer).1）a.2）c.3）d.4）b.5）b.2.Fillintheblanks.6）ConfucianismandConfucianclassicswerethemaincontentofeducationinChina’sfeudalsociety.7）Theofficialschoolingsystem,begunintheWesternZhouDynasty,includedacentralschoolandlocalschoolsindifferentadministrativeregions.8）TherearefourfamousacademiesinancientChina:YueluAcademyinChangsha,HunanProvince;BailudongAcademyonMountLushan,JiangxiProvince;SongyangAcademyinDengfeng,HenanProvince,andYingtianAcademyinShangqiu,HenanProvince.9）TherewereeducationalinstitutionscalledXianginancientChina.High-levelschoolswereUpperXiang,whilethelower-levelschoolswerelowerXiang.3.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish 10）a.百家争鸣：ahundredschoolsofthoughtcontendedb.72贤人：72personsofvirtuec.有教无类：Provideeducationforallpeoplewithoutdiscriminationd.因材施教：teachaccordingtothestudent’sability11）a.活字（版）：Movabletypeb.儒家经典：Confucianclassicsc.鸦片战争：OpiumWarsd.京师同文馆：theCapitalForeignLanguageHouse4.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish.12）AcademyofclassiclearningAcademiesoflearningcameintobeingthousandsofyearsago,andtheyweremorelikethepresenthighereducationinstitutions.13）officialschools(xiangxue)OfficialschoolsbeganduringtheWesternZhouDynasty,andweresponsoredbytheofficialconstitutioncalled“xiangxue”.Onlychildrenofnobleswereadmitted.5.Answerthefollowingquestions.14）Howmanylevelsdidtheformalimperialexaminationconsistof?Itconsistedofthreelevels:provincial,metropolitanandfinalimperialexaminations.15）WhofavoredConfucianismandmadeitasthenationaleducationdoctrine?EmperorWuofWesternHanDynasty.16)HowmanykindsofschoolsweretherebeforethemodernwesterneducationmodelwassetupinChina?ThereweretwokindsofschoolsinChina:Onekindisprivateschoolsrunbyscholarsteachingstudentsathome,andtheotherkindisofficialinstitutionswhichwereopentochildrenofnobles.'