高级英语修订版第一册重排版课后练习答案.doc 27页

'词汇(Vocabulary)Lesson10sweltering(adj.):thatsweltersorsuffersfromtheheat；veryhot；sultry热得发昏的；酷热counsel(n.):alawyerorgroupoflawyersgivingadviceaboutlegalmattersandrepresentingclientsincourt辩护律师；法律顾问；辩护人silver-tongued(adj.):eloquent；persuasive雄辩的；口才流利的orator(n.):askilled，eloquentpublicspeaker雄辩家jury(n.):agroupofpeoplesworntoheartheevidenceandinquireintothefactsinalawcase，andtogivedecisioninaccordancewiththeirfindings陪审团erupt(v.):burstforthorout，asfromsomerestraint进发；爆发；喷出clash(n.):asharpdisagreement；conflict抵触；冲突；意见不一致；对立fundamentalism(n.):religiousbeliefsbasedonaliteralinterpretationofeverythingintheBibleandregardedasfundamentaltoChristianfaithandmorals原教旨主义(相信《圣经》所记载的传统的基督教信仰，反对较为近代的教义)legislature(n.):abodyofpersonsgiventheresponsibilityandpowertomakelawsforacountryorstate(esp.thelawmakingbodyofastate，correspondingtotheU.S.Congress)立法机构(尤指美国的州议会)prohibit(v.):refusetopermit；forbidbylaworbyanorder禁止；不准legality(n.):quality，condition，orinstanceofbeinglegalorlawful；conformitywiththelaw合法性indict(v.):accuse；chargewiththecommissionofacime;esp.makeformalaccusationagainstonthebasisofpositivelegalevidenceusuallysaidoftheactionofagrandjury控告，控诉；指控，告发，对……起诉prosecute(v.):institutelegalproceedingsagainst，orconductcriminalproceedingsincourtagainst对……起诉festoon(v.):adornorhangwithfestoons饰以(或悬挂)花彩，结彩于sprout(v.):growordeveloprapidly迅速生长，迅速发展rickety(adj.):1iabletofallorbreakdownbecauseweak；shaky易倒的；易垮的；不结实的；不稳固的evangelist(n.):anyonewhoevangelizes(esp.atravelingpreacherorarevivalist)福音传教士(尤指巡回说教者或信仰复兴者)exhort(v.):urgeearnestlybyadvice，warning，etc.规劝，劝告，劝戒infidel(n.):apersonwhoholdsnoreligiousbelief无宗教信仰者，不信宗教者florid(adj.):flushedwithredorpink(saidofthecomplexion)(脸色)红润的paunchy(adj.):[derog.orhumor](esp.ofaman)havingafatstomach[贬或幽](尤指男性)大腹便便的attorney(n.):.anypersonlegallyempoweredtoactasagentfor.orinbehalfof，another(esp.alawyer)(被当事人授权的法律事务中的)代理人shrewd(adj.):keen—witted，clever，astuteorsharpinpracticalaffairs机敏的；精明的；伶俐的magnetic(adj.):vpowerfullyattractive(saidofaperson，personality，etc.)有吸引力的；有魅力的(指人或个性等) steep(v.):immense，saturate，absorb，orimbue(esp.usedassteeped锄：thoroughlyfilledorfamiliarwith)沉浸；埋头于(尤用作steepedin充满着；沉湎于；精通)agnostic(n.):apersonwhobelievesthatthehumanmindcannotknowwhetherthereisaGodoranultimatecause，oranythingbeyondmaterialphenomena；atheist不可知论者growl(v.):complaininanangryorsurlymanner牢骚满腹地说spar(v.):wrangleordispute争论；争吵drawl(v.):speakslowly，prolongingthevowels慢慢吞吞地说bigotry(n.):thebehavior，attitude，orbeliefsofabigot：intolerance；prejudice偏执的行为(或态度、信念等)；偏执；顽固；偏见rampant(adj.):spreadingunchecked；widespread蔓延的；猖獗的faggot(n.):abundleofsticks，twigs，orbranches(esp.foruseasfuel)柴捆；柴把contaminate(v.):makeimpure，infected，corrupt，etc.使感染，传染，毒害mammal(n.):anyofalargeclassofwarm—blooded.usuallyhairyvertebrateswhoseoffspringsarefedwithmilksecretedbyfemalemammaryglands哺乳动物snort(v.):wave，shake.orexhibitinamenacing,challenging，orexultantway(威胁地、挑战似地、狂喜地)挥舞denounce(v.):condemnstronglyasevil谴责，指责，痛斥sonorous(adj.):havingapowerful，impressivesound(声音)响亮的；洪亮的reconcile(adj.):settle(aquarrel，etc.)orcompose(adifference，etc.)调解；调和；使一致；使相符divine(adj.):givenorinspiredbyGod；holy；sacred神授的，天赐的；神圣的fervour(n.):greatwarmthofemotion；ardor；zeal；passion热烈；热情，热心，热诚arena(n.):anysphereofstruggleorconflict竞争场所；活动场所prairie(n.):alargeareaoflevelorslightlyrollinggrassland大草原scorch(v.):char，discolor，ordamagethesurfaceofsth.bysuperficialburning；burn；makeacausticattackon；assailscathingly；excoriate烧焦；烤焦；挖苦；严厉指责(或批评)pop(v.):[colloq.]arise；happenorarriveunexpectedly[口]突然发生，突然出现，突然来到duel(n.):anycontestorencountersuggestingsuchafight，usuallybetweentwopersons(常指两人间的)争斗，冲突，斗争hush(n.):absenceofnoise；quiet；silence寂静，平静，安静；默不作声，沉默adjourn(v.):closeasessionormeetingforthedayorforatime休会，闭会；延期swarm(v.):befilledorcrowded；teem(with)充满，被挤满(常与with连用)hawker(n.):apersonwhohawksgoodsinthestreet；peddle；huckster(沿街叫卖的)小贩entrepreneur(n.):[Fr.]apersonwhoorganizesandmanagesabusinessundertaking.assumingtheriskforthesakeoftheprofit[法语]企业家ape(n.):anyofafamily(Pongidae)oflarge，taillessmonkeysthatcanstandandwalkinanalmosterectposition猿ponder(v.):weighmentally；thinkdeeplyabout；considercarefully默想；深思；考虑 cower(v.):shrinkandtremble，asfromsomeone’sanger，threats，orblow(因别人发怒、威胁或打击而)畏缩；发抖，哆嗦sulphurous(adj.):violentlyemotional；heated；fiery异常激动的；激烈的；暴怒的dispatch(n.):anewsstorysenttoanewspaper，radiostation，etc.，asbyaspecialreporterornewsagency(特派记者或新闻社发给报社、电台的)(新闻)电讯，电文，通讯yokel(n.):[acontemptuousterm]apersonlivinginaruralarea；rustic；countrybumpkin[贬]乡巴佬，土包子perch(v.):alightorrestonorasonaperch栖息；停歇；坐在高处gawk(v.):starelikeagawk，inastupidway(像呆子般)呆呆地盯着，呆视wily(adj.):fullofwiles；crafty；sly狡猾的；狡诈的；诡计多端的repel(v.):driveorforceback；holdorwardoff击退；抵挡住fervent(adj.):havingorshowinggreatwarmthoffeeling；intenselydevotedorearnest；ardent；passionate热烈的，满怀热情的，热心的，深表热诚的；强烈的Genesis(n.):thefirstbookoftheBible，givinganaccountofthecreationoftheuniverse《创世纪》(《圣经·旧约》的首卷)snigger(n.):asly，derisive，partlystifledlaugh窃笑；暗笑twirl(v.):rotaterapidly；spin(使)快速旋转，(使)迅速转动serpent(n.):asnake，esp.alargeorpoisonousone蛇(尤指大蛇或毒蛇)livid(adj.):grayish—blue；pale；lead—colored青灰色的；铅色的slur(n.):anyremarkoractionthatharmsorismeanttoharmsomeone’sreputation；aspersion，reproach，stigma，etc.诽谤；污辱；诋毁，中伤，破坏……的名誉gavel(n.):asmallmalletrappedonthetablebyapresidingofficerincallingforattentionorsilenceorbyanauctioneer(会议主席、法官或拍卖商用以敲击桌子的)小木槌，议事槌quell(v.):crush；subdue；putanendto镇压；平息hubbub(n.):aconfusedsoundofmanyvoices；noise；uproar；tumult吵闹声，喧哗，喧嚣；鼎沸；骚动forlorn(adj.):abandonedordeserted被抛弃的；被遗弃的；孤独的，寂寞的／forlornlyadv.verdict(n.):theformalandunanimousfindingofajuryonthemattersubmittedtotheminatrial裁定；判决conviction(n.):aconvicting0rbeingconvicted证明有罪；(被)判罪；定罪短语(Expressions)adhereto:continuetoobeyormaintain(esp，arule，standardorbelief)坚持，忠于例：Sheadherestoherprinciplesthroughoutherteachingcareer.她在整个教学生涯中始终坚持自己的原则。takeon:begintohave呈现例：Hervoicetookonatroubledtone.她的声音里有些不安。underway:begin，start(开始)进行，在前进中。例：Wehaveseveralplansunderway.我们已将几项计划付诸实施。AnswertoExcercisesintheText I.Omitted.II.1)Wehavesomecleverandunexpectedtacticsandwewillsurprisetheminthetrial.2)Thecasehadcomedownuponmeunexpectedlyandviolently.3)Thefundamentalistsbelieveinaword-for-wordacceptanceofwhatissaidintheBible.4)thatalllifehaddevelopedgraduallyfromacommonoriginalorganism5)Let’saccuseScopesofteachingevolutionandletthecourtdecidewhetherheisbreakingthelawornot.6)Peoplefromthenearbymountains,mostlyfundamentalists,cametosupportBryanagainstthoseprofessors,scientists,andlawyerswhocamefromthenorthernbigcitiesandwerenotfundamentalists.7)Asmyfathercomplainedangrily,That’snojuryatall.8)Heisherebecauseunenlightenmentandprejudicearewidespreadandunchecked.9)Peoplehadtopayinordertohavealookattheapeandtoconsidercarefullywhetherapesandhumanscouldhaveacommonancestry.10)andthecrowd,whoweremainlyfundamentalists,tookhiswordsshowingnofearasiftheywereprayers,interruptingfrequentlywithAmenⅢ.Omitted.Ⅳ.1)legalterms:court,defence,criminallawyer,leadingcouncelfortheprosecution,statelegislature,trial,testify,ajurytrial,case,indict,theU.S.SupremeCourt,defend,presidingjudge,attorney-general,openthesession,juror,legality,witness,evidence,accuse,adjourn,verdict,jurymen,guilty,conviction2)religiousterms:fundamentalists,modernists,theOldTestament,fundamentalism,theBible,agnostic,Catholic,Jew,infidel,God,Amen,GenesisⅤ.1)Todaytheteachersareputontrialbecausetheyteachscience,soonthemagazines,booksandnewspaperswillnotbeallowedtoexpressnewideas.2)Itisdoubtfulwhetherman(ratherthefundamentalist)hasreasoningpower,Darrowsaidinacontemptuousway.3)TheChristianbelievesthatGodinheavenmadehumanbeingbuttheevolutionistthinkshumanbeingscomefromlowlyanimals.Theimplicationisthereisnothinglofty,nobleabouthumanbeingsintheeyesoftheevolutionist.4)Thisisapun,i.e.playingonwords.Thissentencemayhavetwodifferentinterpretations,dependingonhowyoureadit.Ifyoupausebeforethedash,itmeansDarwin,thenaturalistiscorrect.Ifyoureadoutthewholesentence,itmeansDarwintheshopownerisdirectlyinside.5)Eventheapeshudderedwhenitrealizedthatitmightsharethesameancestrywithhumanbeings(especiallythefundamentalists). 1)Maloneconsideredthedefeatablessingindisguise,althoughScopeswasfoundguilty,theyhadsucceededindrawingtheattentionofthepeopleallovertheUnitedStatestothisissue.2)Thestatementconveysfalsemodestyaboutbeingwiththepeopleandindicatesregionalnarrow-mindednessandbigotry.3)Thisshowsthatthejurorswereignorant,prejudicedandnarrowminded.Therecouldn’tbeafairandimpartialtrial.4)Bryan’sroleisself-appointed.ThereisnoneedforBryantoactasthespokesman.Ifathingistrueitdoesnotneedanyone,leastofallBryan,todefendit.5)Bryanwasdeadagainstknowledge,Scienceandnewideas,soitwasironicaltonameauniversityafterhimbecausethefunctionofauniversitywastospreadknowl-edge,scienceandnewideas.Ⅵ.1)snowball:metaphor;growordeveloprapidly2)circusatmosphere:metaphor;riotousholidayspirit3)sprout:metaphor;groworspringupquickly4)spar:metaphor;fightwithwords,engageinargument5)thunder:metaphor;sayloudlyandangrily6)likeaprairiefire:simile;spreadingquickly,rapidlyandovercomingallobstacles7)scorch:metaphorwither,thoroughlydefeathotbreathofhisoratory:metaphor;thefieryspeech,thecausticcondemnation8)aduel:metaphor;alifeanddeathstruggle9)astormofapplause：metaphor；loudapplausebymanypeople10)theoratoricalduel：metaphor；thespeechcontest11)springthetrumpcard：metaphor；takethemostdecisivecourseofactionwhichonebelievescannotfail12)oratoricalstorm，blewup：metaphors；thegreatdebatethattookplacelikeafreshwind：simile；broughtnewandhealthychanges.ThegreatdebateinitiatedbyClarenceDarrowandDudleyFieldMaloneinthelittlecourtinDaytonbroughtnewandhealthychangesthroughouttheschoolsandlegislativeofficesoftheUnitedStatesⅦ.1)hyperbole2)transferredepithet3)synecdoche4)ridicule5)sarcasm　6)irony7)sarcasm8)antithesis9)hyperbole10)ridicule,simile11)ridicule12)oxy-moranⅧ.1)初级法院的裁决有利于父母，后来又作了相反的裁决。2)立法部门制订法律，行政部门执行法律，司法部门解释法律。3)三个证人出庭作证，证明他无罪。4)他们呼吁速由一个公正的陪审团进行公审。5)在美国法院，证人宣誓照实直说时，要把一只手放在《圣经》上。6)自助者，上帝助之。 1)不管什么种族、民族和宗教信仰，在法律面前，法官应一视同仁。2)Barristers是在法庭上进行控告或辩护的律师。3)作为原告辩护律师，他就要尽力证明被告有罪。作为被告辩护律师，他就要为被告辩护。Ⅸ.1)Atthattimemetaphysicswasrampant.2)2)Ididnotanticipatethat1wouldgetinvolvedinthisdispute3)Youmustinvolveyourselfintheworkifyouwanttolearnsomething.4)Thejurybroughtinaverdictofguiltyandthejudgesentencedhimtothreeyears’imprisonment.5)RacialdiscriminationstillexistsinvariousformsintheUnitedStatesthoughracialsegregationisagainstthelaw.6)6)Ithinkwecanreconcilethetwoviews.7)Heseemedreconciledtotheidea.8)Thespectators’heartswentouttothedefendant.9)TheLondonpapersexpressedtheviewthatthecollapseofNaziGermanywasathand.10)Heestimatedthenumberofscoutsonhandasrangingfromthreetofive.11)Theprojectgotunderwaysoonafterthesigningofthecontract.X.criminal,guilt,defendant,legal,defence,afford,at,prison,prepared||trial,cross-examine,prosecution,witnesses,attend,compelled,court,counsel,right||jury,evidence,accused,verdict,innocence,unammous,majority||appeal,tried,offenceXI.Omitted.XII.Omitted. LessonNineidyllic(adj.):pastoralorpicturesque；pleasingandsimple田园诗的；田园风光的；生动逼真的；质朴宜人的cynical(adj.):believingthatpeoplearenotivatedinalltheiractionsonlybyselfishness；denyingthesincerityofpeople’smotivesandactions，orthevalueofliving玩世不恭的；愤世嫉俗的obsess(v.):hauntortroubleinmind，esp.toanabnormaldegree；preoccupygreatly使分心；使心神困扰(尤指精神反常、着迷)frailty(n.):thequalityorconditionofbeingfrail；weakness(esp.moralweakness)脆弱性；虚弱性(尤指意志薄弱)tramp(n.):theactoftramping；ajourneyonfoot；hike步行；徒步旅行prospector(n.):apersonwhoprospectsforvaluableores，oil，etc.(矿藏等的)勘探者；探矿者starry-eyed(adj.):withtheeyessparklinginaglowofwonder，romance，visionarydreams，etc.过于理想的；不切实际的；盲目乐观的acid-tongued(adj.):sharp，sarcasticinspeech说话尖刻的cynic(n.):acynicalperson玩世不恭的人；好挖苦人的人；愤世嫉俗的人navigable(n.):wideanddeepenough，orfreeenoughfromobstructions，tobetraveledonbyvessels可行船的；可通航的；可航行的attest(n.):serveasproofof；demonstrate；makeclear作为……的证据，为……作证；论证；表明artery(n.):amainroadorchannel干线，干道，大路；干渠keelboat(n.):alarge，shallowfreightboatwithakeel，formerlyusedontheMississippi，Missouri，etc.(旧时密西西比河、密苏西河等用的)龙骨船flatboat(n.):aboatwithaflatbottom，forcarryingfreightinshallowwatersoronrivers平底船molasses(n.):athick，usuallydarkbrownsyrupproducedduring／herefiningofsugar，orfromsorghum，etc.糖蜜，糖浆cub(n.):aninexperienced，awkwardyouth阅历浅的年轻人cosmos(n.):theuniverseconsideredasaharmoniousandorderlysystem宇宙feud(n.):abitter，long—continued，anddeadlyquarrel，esp.betweenclansoffamilies(尤指部落或家族间的)世仇，累世宿仇，夙怨，长期不和lynch(v.):[Am.]murder(anaccusedperson)bymobactionandwithoutlawfultrial，asbyhanging[美]私刑处死phonographic(adj.):[Am.]ofaphonographorthesoundsmadebysb.[美]留声机的，唱机的teem(v.):befull，asthoughreadytobringforthyoung；abound；swarm充满；富于；大量地出现；涌现flotsam(n.):transient，unemployedpeople；vagrants流离失所者，流浪者，游民；失业者；被毁掉的人hustler(n.):[Am.slang]aprostitute[美俚]妓女thug(n.):arough，brutalhoodlum，gangster，robber，etc.恶棍；暴徒；强盗motley(adj.):havingorcomposedofmanydifferentorclashingelements；heterogeneous混乱的；杂乱的 succumb(v.):①giveway(to)；yield；submit②die①屈服，屈从(常与to连用)②死epidemic(n.):therapid，widespreadoccurrenceofafad，fashion，etc.(风尚、风气、爱好等的)一时流行，风行flirt(v.):trifleortoy(with)玩弄，戏耍；做着玩；不认真地对待，不认真地考虑(常与with连用)colossal(adj.):1ikeacolossusinsize；huge；gigantic；enormous巨大的，庞大的rebuff(v.):checkorrepulse挫败；阻止broke(adj.):[colloq.]havinglittleornomoney；bankrupt[口]无钱的，身无分文的；破了产的hone(v.):sharpenwithoraswithahone把……放在磨石上磨scathing(adj.):searing；withering；injurious；harshorcaustic严厉的，尖刻的sluggish(adj.):sloworslow—moving；notactive；dull(行动)缓慢的；迟钝的sloth(n.):alazyperson懒汉astound(v.):bewilderwithsuddensurprise；astonishgreatly；amaze使震惊，使惊愕，使大吃一惊tedious(adj.):longorverboseandvearisome；triesome；boring冗长乏味的；使人厌倦的；沉闷的travelogue(n.):alectureontravels,usuallyaccompaniedbytheshowingofpictures旅行见闻讲座Sultan(n.):aMoslemruler苏丹(一些伊斯兰教国家统治者的称号)debunk(v.):[Am.colloq.]exposethefalseorexaggeratedclaims，pretensions，glamour，etc.[美口]揭露，揭发，揭穿revere(v.):regardwithdeeprespect，love，andawe；venerate尊敬，崇敬；敬畏ingenuity(n.):thequalityofbeingingenious；cleverness，originality，skill，etc.机灵，机智，足智多谋；独创性，创造力；熟练，巧妙juvenile(adj.):youngandyouthful年轻的；青年的pariah(n.):anypersondespisedorrejectedbyothers；outcast为社会所遗弃者；流浪者puritanical(adj.):extremelyorexcessivelystrictinmattersofmoralsandreligion宗教(或道德)上极端拘谨的panorama(n.):anunlimitedviewinalldirections全景；全图deplore(v.):beregretfulorsorryabout懊悔，悔恨，对……深感遗憾sap(v.):undermineinanyway；weaken；exhaust削弱；耗竭clamor(n.):aloudoutcry；uproar大声呼喊，喧嚷，喧嚣，吵闹robust(adj.):strongandhealthy；fullofvigor；hardy健壮的；精力充沛的haunt(v.):appearorrecurrepeatedlyto，oftentothepointofobsession(思想、回忆等)萦绕；(疾病等)缠住pneumonia(n.):inflammationorinfectionofthealveoliofthelungsofvaryingdegreesofseverityandcausedbyanyofanumberofagents，suchasbacteriaorviruses肺炎.meningitis(n.):inflammationofthemeninges.esp.astheresultofinfectionbybacteriaorviruses脑脊膜炎epileptic(n.):apersonwhohasepilepsy癫痫患者 pad(v.):stuff，cover，orlinewithapadorpadding填塞；衬填crater(n.):abowl—shapedcavity，asatthemouthofavolcanooronthesurfaceofthemoon碗形洞(如火山口、环形山、月亮表面的坑状地方)crumble(v.):falltopieces；disintegrate；decay破碎，破裂；使溃散，使瓦解，消灭lament(v.):feelorexpressdeepsorrowfor；mournorgrievefor为……而悲痛；哀悼；为……而伤心短语(Expressions)everybit:(infml)equalIy；entirely完全，同样地例：Heiseverybitasmeanassheis.他与她同样平庸。inprint:(ofabook)availableforsalefromthepublisher；(ofaperson’swork)printedinabook，efc.(指书)可买到，已出版例：Itwasthefirsttimehehadseenhisworkinprint.这是他第一次看见自己的作品出版。soakup:toreceiveandabsorbstll.接受并吸收例：Thatchildsoaksupnewfactslikeasponge!那孩子吸收新知识像海绵似的!succumbto:stopresisting；yieldto，submitto屈服，屈从例：Severalchildrenhavemeasles，andtheothersareboundtoSUCcumbtoit.有几个孩子患了麻疹，其他孩子也必然会被传染。flirtwith:todealplayfullyorsuperficiMlywith不认真考虑、对待例：Iamflirtingwiththeideaofgettingajob.我胡思乱想着要去找份工作。ofsorts:(derogative)ofapoororinferiortype(贬义)差劲的，劣等例：Itwasamealofsorts，butnobodyenjoyedit.这勉强算是一顿饭，谁都没有吃好。allover:whatonewouldexpectofthepersonspecified正像所说的人一样例：Thatsoundslikemysisterallover.听起来跟我姐姐一模一样。inearnest:seriously，notjokingly严肃地，认真地例：Bothsidesaredeeplyinearnest，withpassionsthatapproximatethoseofcivilwar。双方都很坚决认真，像是鼓足劲要打一场内战似的。AnswertoExcercisesintheTextI.Omitted.II.1)amanwhobecameconstantlypreoccupiedbythemoralweaknessesofmankind2)MarkTwainfirstobservedandabsorbedthenewAmericanexperience,andthenintroduceittotheworldinhisbooksorlectures.3)Inhisnewprofessionhecouldmeetpeopleofallkinds.4)Withnomoneyandafrashatedfeeling,heacceptedajobasreporterwithTerritorialEnterpriseinVirginiaCity,...5)MarkTwainbeganworkinghardtobecamewellknownlocallyasanewspaperreporterandhumorist. 1)andwhenCaliforniamakesaplanforanewsurprise,thesolemnpeopleinotherstatesoftheU.S.smileasusual,makingacommentthat’stypicalofCalifornia2)Themanwhohadmadetheworldlaughwashimselfconsumedbybitterness.Ⅲ.Omitted.IV.1)compoundnounsa)n.+n.:steamboat,pilothouse,keelboat,waterside,railroad,stagecoach,pickax,gold-fields,notebook,milestone,newspaper,bathtub,etc.b)adj.(adv.,prep.)+n.:flatboat,hotbed,best-seller,rough-country,everything,downstream,etc.c)gerund+n.:mining-camp2)compoundadjectivesa)adj.+n.(-ed):starry-eyed,acid-tongued,etc.b)adv.+pastparticiple:best-lovedc)n.+presentparticiple:energy-sappingd)v.+adv.:runawayV.1)pessimist2)civilized3)dull　　4)toaccept　　5)lazily　　6)energetic,alert　　　7)todeny　8)small,tiny　9)interesting　10)cheerfulVI.riverpilot,valleyoftheMississippiRiver,mainarteryoftransportation,keelboat,flatboat,largeraft,downstream,steamboat,steamboatdeck,stream.Ⅶ.1)trampprinter　2)riverpilot3)penname4)steamboatdays5)MississippiRiver　　　6)deltacountry7)cubpilot8)pilothousetalk9)medicineshows　l0)watersideslums　　　ll)steamboatdecks12)steamboattrade13)rivercountry　14)goldandsilverfever　　　15)Virginiacity16)newspaperreporter17)citygovernment18)SacramentoValley19)rough-countrysettlers　20)mining-campmeals21)CalaverasCounty　　　22)pleasurecruise　23)UnitedStatescitizens　24)Californianewspaper　　　25)arttreasures　26)bookversion　27)boyhoodadventures　28)stageplay　　　29)towndrunkard　30)raftflight　31)steamboatexplosion32)heartattackⅧ.1)romantic意为浪漫的；sentimental意为伤感的或易感伤的；humorous意为幽默的或风趣的；witty意为机智的或聪颖的。2)cynic意为愤世嫉俗者；critic意为批评家或评论家。3)lumber指已加工成条、块、板等的木料；timber往往指未经加工的木头。在美语里，timber指适用于建房造船等的木头，无论是加过工的还是未加过工的树都包括在内；而在英国英语里，这两个词意思相同。 1)proclaim指正式宣布或宣称；claim表示对一项权利的要求和维护。2)demand本为经济术语，与supply相对，即常说的供需；need为通用词，意为需要。halt比stop更具体，暗指短暂的停止。3)mistreatment指错误地对待；ill-treatment指虐待。4)consequence常指不良后果或结果；result为常用词。5)dreary指使人情绪低落，精神萎糜不振；tedious指单调，持续时间长，从而使人厌倦。6)apleasurecruise指旅游者乘船观光游览，不一定船上的人都玩得高兴；apleasantcruise指乘船玩得很高兴，不一定是旅游。7)correspondent指某报纸杂志电台等驻外地甚至外国的记者(reporter)。注意，correspond本指通信联系。8)robust指身强体壮、精力充沛的；healthy仅指健康无病。9)desperation指因失望(despair)而表现出气急败坏的状态。Ⅸ.1)father：author，creatorcruisethrougheternalboyhood：journeythroughlastingboyhoodendlesssummeroffreedomandadventure：longsummerfulloffreeandadventurousactivities2)artery：mainrouteorchannel3)castofcharacters：peopleofvarioussortscosmos：aplacewhereonecanfindallsortsofcharacters4)current:stream(herenotagoodchoicefortheverbteam)5)succumbedtotheepidemicofgoldandsilverfever:gavewayto(yieldedto,submittedto)thegoldandsilverrushprevailinginthatarea6)flirtedwiththecolossalwealthandwasrebuffed:didnottryhardorpersistentlyenoughtogetthecolossalwealthfailed7)digginghiswaytoregionalfame:workinghardtogainregionalfame8)honed:sharpened(Itisnotsuitabletosaytosharpenone’smuscles.)X.1)antithesis2)euphemism3)metonymy4)alliteration5)alliteration　　　6)personification　　　7)euphemism　　　8)antithesisXI.1)Thearticledoesnottouchtheheartofthesubjectunderdiscussion.2)Thenewlycompletedrailwayisthemainarteryfortrafficinthesouthwestofthatcountry.3)ThatproblemproducedtwodifferentcurrentsofopinionamongtheCongressmen.4)Theovercrowdedslumareaswereahotbedofdiseasesandvices.5)Twain’ssourceofinspirationneverdriedup.6)Livingintheenemycamphonedhiswits.Ⅻ. 1)eternalboyhood2)endlesssummer3)acosmos4)amemorythatseemedphonographic5)theepidemicofgoldandsilverfever6)amilestoneinacountry’sdevelopment7)Americalaughedwithhim.8)…almostassuretobestudiedinAmericanschoolstodayasistheDeclarationofIndependence.9)…amovingpanoramaforexplorationofAmericansociety10)Twainfoundtheultimateexpressionofescapefrom…11)Personaltragedyhauntedhisentirelife...12)Bitternessfedonthemanwhohadmadetheworldlaugh.XIII.1)l)completely,entirely2)bankrupt,penniless3)organizing4)developing,carryingthemoutathighspeed5)asitscharacteristicis6)wagered$50withastranger7)exposedthefalsehoodof8)castawayXIV.1)Hewasobssessedwithfearofpoverty.2)DongtingLaketeemswithfishandshrimps.3)Tomwaseverybitasintelligentasthetopboyinhisclass.4)Heisanacquaintanceofmine,butnotafriend.5)Underpressure,hehadnootherchoicebutquitoffice.6)Intheendhesuccumbedtoherpersuasionanddecidedtochangehisoriginalplan.7)Manychildrensuccumbedtosmallpoxthen.8)Muchtohishorror,hefoundthecabinflooded.9)Thekidsdidextremelywellintheirexam,tothegreatsatisfactionofbothparentsandteachers.10)That’sPeterallover.11)Notuntilmidnightdidthesurgeonfinishtheoperation.12)Thehistorycoursehasacquaintedmewithancientcivilizations.13)Theoldwritershapedthefolktaleintoafilmscenario.14)ThedauntlessrevolutionaryspiritoftheChinesepeoplefindsfullexpressioninthenewplay.XV.Omitted.XVI.Omitted. Lesson5horde(n.):alarge，movingcrowdorthrong群，人群croquet(n.):anoutdoorgame-、nwhichtheplayersusemalletstodriveawoodenballthroughaseriesofhoopsplacedintheground槌球游戏(一种用木槌击木球钻小圈的游戏)luncheon(n.):alunch，esp.aformallunchwithothers午餐；午宴；午餐(聚)会Nazi(adj.&n.):designating，of，orcharacteristicoftheGermanfascistpoliticalparty(GermanNationalSocialistParty).foundedin1919andabolishedin1945德国国社党的，纳粹党的；纳粹党党员，纳粹分子indistinguishable(adj.):thatcannotbedistinguishedasbeingdifferentorseparate不能区别的，不能辨别的，难区分的devoid(adj.):completelywithout；emptyordestitute(of)完全没有的，缺乏的(后接of)excel(v.):bebetterorgreaterthan，orsuperiorto(anotherorothers)优于；胜过ferocious(adj.):fierce；savage；violentlycruel凶猛的，残忍的；凶恶的unsay(v.):takebackorretract(whathasbeensaid)取消(前言)；收回(前言)folly(n.):foolishness；anyfoolishactionorbelief愚笨，愚蠢；愚蠢的行为(或思想等)threshold(n.):doorstill；entranceorbeginningpointofsth.门槛；人口；开端till(v.):work(1and)inraisingcrops，asbyplowing，fertilizing，etc.；cultivate耕种；耕耘；耕作immemorial(adj.):extendingbackbeyondmemoryorrecord；ancient无法追忆的；无文字记载的；古老的wring(v.):.getorextractbyforce，threats，persistence，etc.;extort强求；榨取；勒索primodial(adj.):notderivative；fundamental；original根本的；基本的hideous(adj.):horribletosee，hearetc.；veryuglyorrevolting；dreadful骇人听闻的；非常丑陋的；可怕的onslaught(n.):aviolent，intenseattack猛攻clank(v.):makeasharp，metallicsound发当啷声，发铿锵声dandify(v.):makealooklikeadandy；dressup使打扮得像花花公子；给……穿上盛装，给……乔装打扮crafty(adj.):subtlydeceitful；cunning；artful；sly狡猾的，狡诈的，诡计多端的cow(v.):maketimidandsubmissivebyfillingwithfearorawe；intimidate恫吓，吓唬，威胁docile(adj.):easytomanageordiscipline；tractable易管教的；顺从的，温顺的，驯服的；听话的brutish(adj.):oforlikeabrute；savage；gross野兽般的，残忍的；粗野的plod(v.):walk0rmoveheavilyandlaboriously；trudge沉重缓慢地走swarm(n.):amovingmass，crowd，orthrong(移动的)大群，大堆locust(n.):anyofvariouslargegrasshoppers，oftentravelingingreatswarmsanddestroyingnearlyallvegetationinareasvisited蝗虫 smart(v.):feelmentaldistressorirritation，asinresentment，remorse，etc.感到痛苦；感到伤心prey(n.):ananimalhuntedorkilledforfoodbyanotheranimal：apersonorthingthatfallsvictimtosomeoneorsomething被捕食的动物；牺牲者；牺牲品villainous(adj.):of，like，orcharacteristicofavillain；evil；vicious；wicked坏人的；邪恶的；恶棍似的cataract(n.):anystrongfloodorrushofwater；deluge洪水；急流；大雨concur(v.):agree(with)；beinaccord(inanopinion，etc.)同意，赞成，与……(意见)一致(常与with，in连用)irrevocable(adj.):thatcannotberevoked，recalled，orundone；unalterable不能取消的；不可废止的；不可改变的；无可挽回的vestige(n.):atrace，mark，orsignofsomethingthatonceexistedbuthaspassedawayordisappeared残迹；遗迹；痕迹parley(v.):haveaconferenceordiscussion，esp.withanenemy；confer会谈(尤指与敌方的谈判)creed(n.):astatementofbelief，principles，oropinionsonanysubject信条；信念divergence(n.):departurefromaparticularviewpoint，practice，etc.偏离，背离，背驰moralise(v.):think，write，orspeakaboutmattersofrightandwrong，ofteninaself—righteousortediousway(在言谈或写作中)论道德问题；说教catastrophe(n.):anygreatandsuddencalamity，disaster，ormisfortune骤然而来的大灾难；灾祸；祸患blood—lust(n.):astrongdesiretokillorwound杀人欲，嗜杀狂lure(v.):attract，tempt，orentice(oftenwithDm)吸引；诱惑；不断引诱(常与on连用)hurl(v.):throworflingwithforceorviolence猛投，猛掷；猛抛prelude(n.):anythingservingastheintroductiontoaprincipalevent，action，performance，etc.；preliminarypart；preface；opening序言；序幕intervene(v.):comeorbeinbetweenassomethingunnecessaryorirrelevant；interpose干涉，干预subjugation(n.):bringingundercontrol；conquering征服，制服hearth(n.):thefiresideasthecenteroffamilylife：familylife；home炉边；家庭生活；家庭短语(Expressions)roundup:causesb.orsth.togatherinoneplace驱集，使集拢例：Theguideroundedupthetouristsandledthembacktothecoach.导游把游客集合在一起，领他们回到车上。counton:relyonsb.orsth.withconfidence依靠，信赖，指望例：Don’tcountonasalaryincreasethisyear.别指望今年会加薪水。goallout:doone’sutmost，sparenoefforts全力以赴例：I’llteamisgoingallouttowinthechampionship.这个队为了争取冠军而全力以赴。makeareferenceto:speakoformentionsb.orsth.提到，提及 例：Thecommentatormadeapointedreferencetotherecentscan.dal.这个评论员有针对性地提到了最近的丑闻。totheeffectthat:withthemeaningthat…,givingtheinformationthat…大意为例：Heleftanotetotheeffectthathewouldnotbereturning.他留下一张字条，大意是说他不回来了。onthethresholdof:atthepointofenteringorbeginningof在……门口，在……的开端例：Thepoliticianwasonthethresholdofhiscareer.那位政治家的事业刚刚起步。tiedown:reducetobondage；enslave束缚，限制，奴役例：Theveteranworkerrefusestobetied。downbypettyrestric-tion.那个老工人不理会琐细的规章制度的限制。induecourse:attheappropriatetime；eventually在适当的时机，最终例：Yourrequestwillbedealtwithinduecourse.你的要求将在适当的时候予以处理。itfollowsthat:itshowsthat；fromthiswecarlseethat由此司见，由此断定例：Hedoesn’tcometoworktoday，butitdoesn’tnecessarilyfollowthatheisill.他今天没来上班，但并不见得他就是病了。AnswertoExcercisesinthetextI.Omitted.II.1)HitlerwashopingthatifheattackedRussia,hewouldwininBritainandtheU.S.thesupportofthosewhowereenemiesofCommunism.2)WinantsaidtheUnitedStateswouldadoptthesameattitude.3)Inthisway,mylifeismademucheasierinthiscase,itwillbemucheasierformetodecideonmyattitudetowardsevents.4)4)IwillnottakebackasinglewordofwhatIhavesaidaboutCommunism.5)IcanseetheGermanbombersandfightersinthesky,who,aftersufferingseverelossesintheaerialbattleofEngland,nowfeelhappybecausetheythinktheycaneasilybeattheRussianairforcewithoutheavyloss.6)Weshallbemoredeterminedandshallmakebetterandfulleruseofourresources.7)LetusstrengthenourunityandoureffortsinthefightagainstNaziGermanywhenwehavenotyetbeenoverwhelmedandwhenwearestillpowerful.Ⅲ.Omitted.IV.1)anti-Communist反共产主义的（人;antichrist反对基督（教）的（人）Here“anti-”means“against”,“hostileto”,“opposedto”.Otherexamples,anti-Japanese,anticolonial,anti-party,anti-imperialist,anti-fascist,anti-apartheid,antidraft,antislavery,anti-Smith. 1)antibacterial抗细菌的，抗菌物；antifreeze防冻剂Inthesetwocases,“anti-”means“preventing’,“curing’,“neutralizing”or“reducing”.Otherexamples:antiknock,antitoxin,anti-pollution,anti-malarial,antifriction,anti-icer.2)antiaircraft防空的anti-ballisticmissile反弹道导弹Here“anti-”hasthemeaningof“counteracting”,“operatingagainst“or“resisting”.Otherexamples:antitank,antipersecution,antitrust,antigas,antisubmarine,antidote,antimagnetic.3)antithesis（修辞学中的）对句，对话，偶句；antihero（小说，戏剧中）不按传统性主角品格塑造的主角Here“anti-”means“opposite”,“reverse”.Otherexamples:antimatter,antipole,antiparticle,antineutron,antiphrasis,antipode,antinovel.V.1)Hewasalmostattheendofhispowerswhen…2)hisreputationisuncertain.3)Hecompletelyignored…4)Peoplewhoareinavulnerablepositionshouldnotattackothers.5)Thismayteachtheyoungmannottotakefoolishrisks.6)broughthimgreatsuccess.7)Thepupilstooktheteacherastheirexample.8)...anenormouspileofletters.Ⅵ.1)Whetherforhim,thearchanti-Communist,thiswasriotbowingdownintheHouseofRimmon:whetherhewasnotrenouncinghispreviousattitudetowardsCommunism;whetherhewasnotchanginghispositionsincehehadallalongbeenopposedtoCommunism.2)Isupposetheywillberoundedupinhordes:IthinktheRedarmymenwillbesurroundedandcapturedinsurprisinglylargenumbers.3)TheNaziregimeisdevoidofallthemeandprincipleexceptappetiteandracialdomination:Here“appetite”isusedmetaphorically,meaningstrongGermandesireforconquest.4)StillsmartingfrommanyaBritishwhipping:Here“whipping”isusedmetaphorically,meaningcounterattack.5)ridtheearthofhisshadowandliberateditspeoplesfromhisyoke:Hereboth“shadow”and“yoke”areusedmetaphorically,theformermeaningtheverystrongpowerorinfluence(ofHitler)andthelattermeaningcontrol.Ⅶ.1)ascoolascucumber2)factandfantasy3)Hecamebacksoundandsafe.4)Shesangasong. 5)Nexttohealth,heartandhome,happinessformobileAmericansdependsupontheautomobile.Ⅷ.Parallelism1)WewillneverparleyWewillnevernegotiatewithHitleroranyofhisgang2)WeshallfighthimbylandWeshallfighthimbyseaWeshallfighthimintheair3)behindallthisglarebehindallthisstormIsee4)IseetheRussiansoldiersstandingIseethemguarding...Iseethetenthousandvillages...Iseeadvancingupon...Iseealsothedull…IseetheGermanbombers…Iseethatsmallgroup…5)thatisourpolicyandthatisourdeclaration6)Weshallbefortifiedandencouragedinourefforts.Weshallbestrengthenedandnotweakenedindeterminationandresources.7)Letuslearnthelessonsalreadytaughtbysuchcruelexperience.Letusredoubleourexertions…Repetition:1)Wehavebutoneaimandonesingle,irrevocablepurpose.2)Hehassolongthrivedandprospered.3)Wewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiate...IX.theNaziwarmachine,aswarmofcrawlinglocusts,smallgroupofvillainousmen,hisshadow,hisyoke,histyranny,Hitler’sblood-lustandthehatefulappetitesX.1)preparing,writingdown　2)veryfastandviolently　3)obtaining,getting4)returned　5)spent...onit　6)frontiers　7)ancienttime　8)evil9)agree　10)holdtalkswithourenemy　ll)religiousbelief;faith12)sadly,deplorably　13)greatandsuddendisasterXI.1)Thisistrueoftheruralareaaswellasoftheurbanarea.2)Hewascountingontheirsupport. 1)Idon’trememberhisexactwords,butI’msurehedidsaysomethingtothateffect.2)Churchillsaid,“TellStalinthatBritainhasbutonedesire--tocrushHitler.3)Only9%ofthepopulationinthatcountryremainsilliterate.4)Thisleavesthemnochoicebuttorelyonhisefforts.5)Theguestswereoverwhelmedbythewarmreception.6)Theyoverwhelmedtheenemybyasurpriseattack.7)Theirdifficultyisourdifficultyjustasweviewtheirvictoryasourownvictory.8)ItisclearthatGermanfascistsweretryingtoputthepeopleinthatregionundertheirdomination.XII.1)turn　2)turned...into　3)turn　4)turnedto5)turned…into6)turning…to7)turn…on　8)turneddown　9)turnedout　10)turnedout　11)turnupXIII.(6)(1)(4)(7)(3)(2)(5)XIV.Omitted.XV.Omitted.LessonTwoVocabularyreportorial(adj.):reporting报道的，报告的kimono(n.):alooseoutgarmentwithshort，widesleeveandasash。partofthetraditionalcostumeofJapanesemenandwomen和服preoccupation(n.):amatterwhichtakesupanone’sattention令人全神贯注的事物oblivious(adj.):forgetfulorunmindful(usuallywithoforto)忘却的；健忘的(常与of或to连用)bob(v.):moveoractinabobbingmanner，movesuddenlyorjerkily；tocurtsyquickly上下跳动，晃动；行屈膝礼ritual(adj.):oforhavingthenatureof，ordoneasariteorrites仪式的，典礼的facade(n.):thefrontofabuilding；partofabuildingfacingastreet，courtyard，etc.(房屋)正面，门面lurch(v.):roll，pitch，orswaysuddenlyforwardortooneside突然向前(或向侧面)倾斜intermezzo(n.):ashortpieceofmusicplayedalone.oronewhichconnectslongerpieces插曲；间奏曲gigantic(adj.):verybig；huge；colossal；immense巨大的，庞大的，其大无比的usher(n.):anofficialdoorkeeper门房；传达员heave(v.):utter(asign，groan，etc.)withgreateffortorpain(费劲或痛苦地)发出(叹息、呻吟声等) barge(n.):alargeboat，usuallyflat—bottomed，forcarryingheavyfreightonrivers，canals，etc.；alargepleasureboat，esp.oneusedforstateceremonies，pageants，etc.大驳船；(尤指用于庆典的)大型游艇moor(v.):hold(aship，etc.)inplacebycablesorchainstotheshore，orbyanchors，etc.系泊；锚泊arresting(adj.):attractingattention；interesting；striking引人注目的；有趣的beige(adj.):grayish—tan米黄色；浅灰黄色的tatami(n.):[Jap.]afloormatwovenofricestraw，usedtraditionallyinJapanesehomesforsittingon，aswheneating[日]日本人家里铺在地板上的稻草垫，榻榻米stunning(adj.):[colloq.]remarkablyattractive，excellent[口]极其漂亮的；极其出色的twinge(n.):asudden，brief，dartingpainorpang；asudden.brieffeelingofremorse，shame，etc.刺痛，剧痛；痛心，懊悔，悔恨，内疚slay(v.):(slew或slayed,slain，slaying)killordestroyinaviolentway杀害；毁掉linger(v.):continuetoliveorexistalthoughveryclosetodeathortheend苟延；历久犹存agony(n.):verygreatmentalorphysicalpain(精神上或肉体上的)极度痛苦inhibit(v.):holdbackorkeepfromsomeaction，feeling，etc抑制(感情等)；约束(行动等)spinal(adj.):oforhavingtodowiththespineorspinalcord脊背的；脊柱的；脊髓的agitated(adj.):shaken；perturbed；excited颤抖的；不安的，焦虑的；激动的reverie(n.):adreamy，fanciful，orvisionarynotionordaydream梦想；幻想；白日梦heinous(adj.):outrageouslyevilorwicked；abominable极可恨的，极可恶的，极坏的cataclysm(n.):aviolentandsuddenchangeorevent.esp.aseriousfloodorearthquake灾变(尤指洪水、地震等)demolish(v.):pulldown，teardown，orsmashtopieces拆毁，拆除；破坏，毁坏formaldehyde(n.):[chem.]acolorless，pungentgas，HCHO，usedinsolutionasastrongdisinfectantandpreservation，andinthemanufactureofsyntheticresins，dyes.etc.[化]甲醛ether(n.):[chem.]alightcolorlessliquidmadefromalcohol，whichburnsandiseasilychangedintoagas(usedinindustryandasananaesthetictoputpeopletosleepbeforeanoperation)[化]醚；乙醚humiliate(v.):hurttheprideordignityofbycausingtobeorseemfoolishorcontemptible使受辱，使丢脸genetic(adj.):oforhavingtodowithgenetics遗传的Expressionshavealumpinone’sthroat:afeelingofpressureinone’sthroat(causebyrepressedemotionaslove，sadness，etc.)如哽在喉，哽咽(因压制激动的情绪所致，如爱、悲伤等)例：ManyBritishpeoplehadalumpintheirthroatonhearingthedeathofDianna.许多英国人在听到黛安娜王妃的死讯时如哽在喉。 onone’smind:occupyingone’sthoughts(esp.asasourceofwor-ry，)占领某人的思绪，一直在想的(尤指忧虑的来源)例：Thethoughtthatisalwaysonmymindiswhethertogobroadornot.我一直在思考的一个问题是究竟要不要出国。rubshoulderswith:(infml)meetandmixwith(people)与(人们)联系，交往例：TheforeignvisitorssaidthattheywouldliketorubshoulderswithordinaryChinesepeople.那些外国游客们说他们愿意与中国老百姓有来往。setoff:start(ajourney，race，etc.)开始(旅行，赛跑等)例：Ifyouwanttocatchthattrainwe’bettersetoffforthestationimmediately.你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们就最好马上动身去火车站。flashby／along／past／through:moveveryquicklyinthespecifieddirection急速向某方向运动例：Thetrainflashedbyathighspeed火车疾驰而过。sinkin:(ofliquids)godownintoanothersubstance；beabsorbed(指液体)渗入，被吸收(fig.)(ofwords，etc.)befullyabsorbedorun-derstood：penetrateesp.gradually(指话语等)完全理解例：Rubthecreamonyourskinandletitsinkin.把这种软膏搽在皮肤上，让它渗进去。Thescaleofthetragedygraduallysankin.这一悲惨事件涉及的范围已逐渐完全清楚了。bytrade:wayofmakingaliving，esp.ajobthatinvolvesmakingsth.；occupation以…为谋生之道(尤指以制造某物为业)例：beabutcher，carpenter，tailor，etc.bytrade做肉商、木匠、裁缝等AnswerstoExcercisesI.Omitted.II.1)Theyweresoabsorbedintheirconversationthattheyseemednottopayanyattentiontothepeoplearoundthem.2)Assoonasthetaxidriversawatraveler,heimmediatelyopenedthedoor.3)Thetraditionalfloatinghousesamonghighmodernbuildingsrepresenttheconstantstrugglebetweenoldtraditionandnewdevelopment.4)IsufferedfromastrongfeelingofshamewhenIthoughtofthesceneofmeetingthemayorofHiroshimawearingmysocksonly.5)ThefewAmericansandGermansseemedjustasrestrainedasIwas.6)AfterthreedaysinJapanonegetsquiteusedtobowingtopeopleasaritualtoshowgratitude.7)IwasonthepointofshowingmyagreementbynoddingwhenIsuddenlyrealizedwhathemeant.Hiswordsshockedmeoutmysaddreamythinking.8)Ithoughtforsomereasonorothernoharmhadbeendonetome.Ⅲ.Omitted.Ⅳ.1)n.+presentparticiple：epoch-making，face-keeping，time-consuming，nerve-wracking2)n.+pastparticiple：home-made，bedridden，sun-burnt，heartfelt 1)n.+adj.：pitch-dark，headstrong，duty-free，coal-black2)n.+n.+-ed：lion-hearted，iron-fisted，wall-eyed，brick-walled3)adj.+n.+-ed：stiff-necked，highminded，dull-witted，warm-blooded，empty-headed，cold-blooded4)adj.+presentparticiple：high-sounding，hard-working,plain-sailing，far-reaching5)adj.+pastparticiple：high-flown，new-born，finespun,high-strungⅤ.1)was指事实如此；而mustbe意为“很可能”。2)“WasIatthescene…?”表示不能断定是不是在那里，而“WasInotatthescene…?”表示肯定是在那里，有“难倒……不是”的意思。3)elderly意为”上了年纪的”，但不算太老。4)grin指露齿而笑，有时可指傻笑，但不出声；laugh表示大笑；smile一词最常用，指不出声地微笑，可表示开心、满意、喜爱等等。5)sketch指很快地勾画出轮廓。6)careful指认真、周全，小心谨慎以免出错；cautious指处处谨小慎微，以防失败或危险。7)site大多指一块地方，可大可小；它可能是留作特殊用途的地方，如建筑工地(abuildingsite)，也可能指发生某事的地方或场所，如第一枚原子弹爆炸的地方(siteofthefirstatomicbombardment)。spot所指地点较小。8)demolish意义比较实在，指彻底拆除，而destroy仅指破坏。9)gay意为轻松愉快，兴致高。delightful指有魅力，心情好。10)gaze指目不转睛地长久地注视，往往出于好奇、钦羡、着迷等。stare指盯着看，瞪大眼睛看，往往出于吃惊、羡慕等。Ⅵ.1)job，task，duty　　2)unaware　　3)fronts，bythefrontdoors4)striking/fascinating/strange/sight；continual，endless，constant5)sudden，sharpfeeling；idea，thought，expectation6)killed，murdered7)pain，torture　8)fame　9)daydream，thoughts　10)atomicdisaster11)teardown，pulldown　　12)meetwith，faceⅦ.1)他刚才所讲的与讨论的问题无关。2)战场旧址使他回想起那战火纷飞的抗战岁月。3)他专心致志地工作，完全没有理会周围正在发生的事。4)记者们看到诺贝尔奖获得者时感到很兴奋。5)——老师用了个什么字?我没太听清楚。——我也没听清楚，很像是preoccupation。6)又拐了一个弯，我们来到了一个可容几百人的大岩洞。7)人们领悟到这骇人听闻的消息之后都惊得目瞪口呆。8)铁水倒人混铁炉有如把茶水从茶壶倒入茶杯。9)手术的失败使年青的外科大夫心情沉重。10)将军常到兵营里去，和普通战士们在一起。VIII.1)soil2)soil　3)earth4)earth　5)familiarto6)familiarwith7)puzzled　　8)surprising　9)admits　10)hadconfessed　11)careful　　12)cautiously Ⅸ.1)Thereisnotasoulinthehall.Themeetingmusthavebeenputoff.2)Thebooklooksverymuchlikeabox.(Thebooklooksmuchthesameasabox.)3)SichuandialectsoundsmuchthesameasHubeidialect.Itissometimesdifficulttotellonefromtheother.4)Theverysightofthemonumentremindsmeofmygoodfriendwhowaskilledinthebattle.5)Hewassodeepinthoughtthathewasobliviousofwhathisfriendsweretalkingabout.6)Whathedidhadnothingtodowithher.7)Shecouldn’tfallasleepasherdaughter’sillnesswasverymuchonhermind.8)Ihavehadthematteronmymindforalongtime.9)Helovessuchgatheringsatwhichherubsshoulderswithyoungpeopleandexchangeopinionswiththemonvarioussubjects.10)Itwasonlyafterafewminutesthathiswordssankin.11)Thesoilsmellsoffreshgrass.12)Couldyousparemeafewminutes?13)Couldyousparemeaticket?14)Thatelderlygrey-hairedmanisacoppersmithbytrade.X.Omitted.XI.Omitted.LessonOne词汇Bazaar(n.):(inOrientalcountries)amarketorstreetofshopsandstalls(东方国家的)市场，集市cavern(n.):acave，esp.alargecave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞)shadowy(adj.):dim；indistinct模糊的；朦胧的FONTstyle=“BACKGROUND-COLOR:cornflowerblue”color=white>harmonious(adj.):havingmusicaltonescombinedtogiveapleasingeffect；consonant(音调)和谐的，悦耳的／harmoniouslyadv.throng(n.):agreatnumberofpeoplegatheredtogether；crowd人群；群集conceivable(adj.):thatcanbeconceived，imagined可想象的，想得到的din(n.):aloud，continuousnoise喧闹声，嘈杂声would-be(adj.):intendedtobe预期成为……的；将要成为……的muted(adj.):(ofasound)madesofterthanisusual(声音)减弱的vaulted(adj.):havingtheformofavault；arched穹窿形的；拱形的sepulchral(n.):acave，esp.alargecave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞)shadowy(adj.):suggestiveofthegraveorburial；dismal；gloomy坟墓般的；阴森森的guild(n.):anyassociationformutualaidandthepromotionofcommoninterests互助会；协会 trestle(n.):aframeconsisingofahorizontalbeamfastenedtotwopairsofspreadinglegs，usedtosupportplankstoformatable，platform，etc.支架；脚手台架；搁凳impinge(v.):strike，hit，ordash；haveaneffect撞击，冲击，冲撞；对……具有影响fairyland(n.):theimaginarylandwherethefairieslive；alovelyenchantingplace仙境；奇境burnish(v.):makeorbecomeshinybyrubbing；polish擦亮；磨光；抛光brazier(n.):ametalpan，bowl，etc.，toholdburningcoalsorcharcoal，asforwarmingaroomorgrillingfood火盆；火钵dim(v.):makeorgrowunclear(使)变暗淡；(使)变模糊rhythmic/rhythmical(adj.):havingrhythm有韵律的；有节奏的／rhythmicallyadvbellows(n.):(sing.&p1.)adevicethatproducesastreamofairthroughanarrowtubewhenitssidesarepressedtogether(usedforblowingfires，etc.)(单复同)风箱intricate(adj.):complex；hardtofolloworunderstandbecausefullofpuzzlingparts，details，orrelationships；fullofelaboratedetail错综复杂的；精心制作的exotic(adj.):strangeordifferentinawaythatisstrikingorfascinating奇异的；异常迷人的sumptuous(adj.):involvinggreatexpense；costlylavish豪华的；奢侈的；昂贵的maze(n.):(n.):aconfusing，intricatenetworkofwindingpathways迷津；迷宫；曲径honeycomb(v.):fillwithholeslikeahoneycomb使成蜂窝状mosque(n.):aMoslemtempleorplaceofworship清真寺；伊斯兰教堂caravanserai／caravansery(n.):intheOrient.akindofinnwithalargecentralcourt，wherecaravansstopforthenight东方商队(或旅行队)的客店disdainful(n.):feelingorexpressingdisdain；scornfulandaloof；proud轻视的，轻蔑的；傲慢的／disdainfullyadv.bale(n.):alargebundle大包，大捆linseed(n.):theseedofflax亚麻籽somber(adj.):darkandgloomyordull阴沉的；昏暗的pulp(n.):asoft，moist，formlessmassthatstickstogether浆ramshackle(adj.):1ikelytofalltopieces；shaky要倒塌似的，摇摇欲坠的dwarf(v.):makesmallorinsignificant；makeseemsmallincomparison使矮小；使无足轻重；使(相形之下)显得渺小；使相形见绌vat(n.):alargetank，tub，orcaskforholdingliquids大缸；大桶nimble(adj.):movingoractingquicklyandlightly灵活的；敏捷的／nimblyadv.girder(n.):alargebeam，usuallyhorizontal，oftimberorsteel.forsupportingthejoistsofafloor，theframeworkofabuilding.thesuperstructureofabridge，etc.大梁trickle(n.):aslow，smallflow细流；涓流ooze(v.):floworleakoutslowly，asthroughverysmallholes渗出；慢慢地流runnel(n.):runnelasmallstream；littlebrookorrivulet；asmallchannelorwatercourse小溪；小沟；小槽glisten(v.):shineorsparklewithreflectedlight,asawetorpolishedsurface；flash(湿的表面或光滑面)反光；闪耀，闪光taut(adj.):tightlystretched，asarope(绳子等)拉紧的，绷紧的 短语threadone’sway:movethroughcarefullyorslowly，changingdirec-tionfrequenflyasmoving小心，缓慢地挤过(不断地改变方向)例：Slowlyshethreadedherwaybackthroughthemovingmassofpeople.她慢慢挤过熙熙攘攘的人群往回走。followsuit:todothesameassomeoneelsehasdone赶潮流，学样例：Manyyounggirlsarefondoffollowingsuitatpresent.时下许多年轻女孩热衷于赶潮流。narrowdown:reducethenumberof缩小(范围，数字等)例：Pleasenarrowdownthetopicofyourspeechtoavoidwasteoftime.请缩小你讲话的主题以免浪费时间。beatdown:bargainwith(seller)，causingsellertolowerprice(与卖主)往下砍价例：Itisnecessarytoknowhowtobeatdownthepricewhenbargaining.在与卖主讲价时应该知道怎样压价。makeapointof:regardortreatitasnecessary认为……是必要的例：Theteachersmakeapointofsettingstrictdemandsonthestudents.老师们认为为学生制定严格的要求是很必要的takeahand:jointohelp帮助，帮忙例：Whenyoumeettroubleswearegladt0takeahandourselves.当你遇到困难时我们愿意帮助你。throwone’sweightonto(sth.):useallone’sstrengthtopressdown使劲压在(某物)上例：hedoctorthrowshisweightont0thepatient’schest，butitdoesnotwork.医生使尽全身力气压住病人的胸口，但是无济于事。set…inmotion:setsth.going；launch使…一运动，移动例：Beforethegasolineisdiscovered，peopleusedieseloiltosettheengineinmotion.在发现汽油之前，人们使用柴油来发动引擎。AnswerstoExcercisesI.Omitted.II.1)littledonkeyswentinandoutamongthepeopleandfromonesidetoanother2)Thenasyoupassthroughabigcrowdtogodeeperintothemarket,thenoiseoftheentrancegraduallydisappear,andyoucometothemuchquietercloth-market.3)theydropsomeofitemsthattheydon’treallywantandbegintobargainseriouslyforalowprice.4)Hewillaskforahighpricefortheitemandrefusetocutdownthepricebyanysignificantamount.5)Asyougetnearit,avarietyofsoundsbegintostrikeyourear.Ⅲ.Omitted.IV. 1)n.+n..seaside,doorway,graveyard,warlord2)n.+v..daybreak,moonrise,bullfight3)v.+n..cutback,cutthroat,rollway4)adj.+n..shortterm,softcoal,softliner,hardware5)adv.+v..output,upgrade,downpour6)v.+adv..pullover,buildupV.1)thread(n.)shefailedtoputthethreadthroughtheeyeoftheneedle.(v.)Hethreadedthroughthethrong.2)round(v.)Onthe1stofSeptembertheshiproundedtheCapeofGoodHope.(adv.)Hewheeledroundandfacedmeangrily.3)narrow(v.)Inthediscussionswedidnotnarrowthegapanyfurther.(adj.)Hefailedbyaverynarrowmargin.4)price(n.)ThedefencesecretarysaidtheU.S.wasnotlookingforanagreementatanyprice.(v.)Atthepresentconsumptionrates(ofoil)theworldmaywellbepricingitselfoutofitsfuture.5)(v.)liveAbout40％ofthepopulationlivesonthelandandtriestoliveoffit.(adj.)Thenationheardtheinauguralspeechinalivebroadcast.6)tower(n.)Thetowerwasbuiltinthe14thcentury.(v.)Thegeneraltoweredoverhiscontemporaries.7)dwarf(v.)Athirdofthenation’scapitalgoodsareshippedfromthisarea，whichdwarfsWestGermany’smightyRuhrValleyinindustrialoutput.(n.)HaveyoueverreadthestoryofSnowWhiteandtheDwarfs?Ⅵ.1)lightandheat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancingflashes.theredofthelivecoals，glowingbright，dimming，etc.2)soundandmovement：enter，pass，threadtheirway.penetrate，selecting，pricing，doingalittlepreliminarybargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc.3)smellandcolour：profusionofrichcolours，pungentandexoticsmells，etc.Ⅶ.1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光，强调光的强度。2)din指连续不断的噪音，听了很使人心烦意乱；sound指人们感觉到的各种各样的声音，包括高亢的，轻柔的，悦耳的，难听的；noise指所有强烈的、混乱的或令人不快的sounds。3)quiet或silent指没有声音；而muted则指有声音，只不过声音被压低或吸收而已。4)display指陈列(物品)，让人看得见；exhibition指展示(物品)，以引人注意、观看。5)distinct指声音十分清晰，让人一听就知道与别的声音不一样；clear指某物丝毫也不混乱、含糊或模糊不清，因而也就易于理解或领悟。6)huge指体积大，比large更具体。 1)varied不同于different，它强调的是充满变化，有多种形式或种类繁多。2)exotic不仅指很奇怪，而且指外来的，本地没有的。strange的”奇怪”内涵是生疏、异样、不自然、费解等。3)sunlit一词更为具体，指因为阳光照耀而明亮；bright则强调光的强度。4)massive不仅指大，而且指重，给人的印象深。5)constantly强调稳定，始终如一；endlessly则强调没完没了，单一，乏味。6)old意指旧的、老的或古老的；used不一定就是陈旧的，它的意思是因已用过而不再新了。Ⅷ.1)buyers2)sharp，strong3)dismal，gloomy，solemn4)declaring，insisting　　5)strike　6)abundance，plenty　7)richandcostly　　8)goods　　9)mixingⅨ.1)Thereisthecloth-market，withitsprofusionofrichcolour.2)Thereisthecoppersmiths’market，whereyoucanhearthesoundsoftinkling，bangingandclashing.3)Thereisthecarpet-market，whereyoucanfindvariedtexturesandregionaldesigns.4)Thereisthespice-market，withitspungentandexoti’csmells.5)Thereisthefood-market，witheverythingyouneedforthemostsumptuousdinner.6)Thereisasunlitcourtyard,withflowersbloomingandbirdschirping.X.1)Azig-zagpathlosesitselfintheshadowydistanceofthewoods.2)Atthebazaartherearemanystallswheregoodsofeveryconceivablekindaresold.3)Ireallydon’tknowwhatitisthathasmadehimsoangry.4)Thenewlyunearthedbronzevaseispleasinginformandengravedwithdelicateandintricatetraditionaldesigns.5)Beyondthemountainsthereisavastgrasslandthatextendsasfarastheeyecansee.6)Theydecidedtobuythathousewith.agarageattached.7)Theteachersmakeapointofbeingstrictwiththestudents.8)Thislittlegirlisverymuchattachedtoherfather.9)Toachievethefourmodernization,wemakeapointoflearningfromtheadvancedscienceandtechnologyofothercountries.10)Asduskfell,daylightfadedaway.11)Theapprenticewatchedhismastercarefullyandthenfollowedsuit.12)Frankoftentookahandinthewashing-upafterdinner.XI.bazaar,veiledwomen,coppervessels,carpets,spice,mosque,camels,caravanserai, desert,etc.XlI.Omitted.XIII.Omitted.'