高级英语第一册习题答案.doc 66页

'攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理Lesson1TheMiddleEasternBazaarI．　1)AbazaarisamarketorstreetofshopsandstandsinOrientalcountries．SuchbazaarsarelikelytobefoundinAfghanistan，theArabianPeninsula，Cyprus，AsiaticTurkeyandEgypt．　2)Thebazaarincludesmanymarkets：cloth—market，copper—smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’market，etc．Theyrepresentthebackwardfeudaleconomy．　3)Ablindmancouldknowwhichpart0fthebazaarhewasinbyhissensesofsmellandhearing．Differentodoursandsoundscangivehimsomeideasaboutthevariousparts0fthebazaar．　4)Becausetheearthenfloor，beatenhardbycountlessfeet，deadensthesoundoffootsteps，andthevaultedmudbrickwallsandroofhavehardlyandsoundstoecho.Theshop-keepersalsospeakinslow,measuredtones,andthebuyersfollowsuit.　5)Theplacewherepeoplemakelinseedoilseemsthemostpicturesqueinthebazaar.Thebackwardnessoftheirextractingoilpresentsanunforgetablescene.II.　1)littledonkeyswentinandoutamongthepeopleandfromonesidetoanother　2)Thenasyoupassthroughabigcrowdtogodeeperintothemarket,thenoiseoftheentrancegraduallydisappear,andyoucometothemuchquietercloth-market.　3)theydropsomeofitemsthattheydon"treallywantandbegintobargainseriouslyforalowprice.　4)Hewillaskforahighpricefortheitemandrefusetocutdownthepricebyanysignificantamount.　5)Asyougetnearit,avarietyofsoundsbegintostrikeyourear.Ⅲ.Seethetranslationoftext.IV.　1)n.+n..seaside,doorway,graveyard,warlord　2)n.+v..daybreak,moonrise,bullfight　3)v.+n..cutback,cutthroat,rollway　4)adj.+n..shortterm,softcoal,softliner,hardware　5)adv.+v..output,upgrade,downpour　6)v.+adv..pullover,buildupV.　1)thread(n.)shefailedtoputthethreadthroughtheeyeoftheneedle.(v.)Hethreadedthroughthe 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理throng.　2)round(v.)Onthe1stofSeptembertheshiproundedtheCapeofGoodHope.(adv.)Hewheeledroundandfacedmeangrily.　3)narrow(v.)Inthediscussionswedidnotnarrowthegapanyfurther.(adj．)Hefailedbyaverynarrowmargin．　4)price(n．)ThedefencesecretarysaidtheU．S．wasnotlookingforanagreementatanyprice．(v．)Atthepresentconsumptionrates(ofoil)theworldmaywellbepricingitselfoutofitsfuture．　5)(v．)liveAbout40％ofthepopulationlivesonthelandandtriestoliveoffit．(adj．)Thenationheardtheinauguralspeechinalivebroadcast．　6)tower(n．)Thetowerwasbuiltinthe14thcentury．(v．)Thegeneraltoweredoverhiscontemporaries．　7)dwarf(v．)Athirdofthenation"scapitalgoodsareshippedfromthisarea，whichdwarfsWestGermany"smightyRuhrValleyinindustrialoutput．(n．)HaveyoueverreadthestoryofSnowWhiteandtheDwarfs?Ⅵ．　1)lightandheat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancingflashes．theredofthelivecoals，glowingbright，dimming，etc．　2)soundandmovement：enter，pass，threadtheirway．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doingalittlepreliminarybargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．　3)smellandcolour：profusionofrichcolours，pungentandexoticsmells，etc．Ⅶ．　1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光，强调光的强度。　2)din指连续不断的噪音，听了很使人心烦意乱；sound指人们感觉到的各种各样的声音，包括高亢的，轻柔的，悦耳的，难听的；noise指所有强烈的、混乱的或令人不快的sounds。　3)quiet或silent指没有声音；而音被压低或吸收而已。muted则指有声音，只不过声　4)display指陈列(物品)，让人看得见；exhibition指展示(物品)，以引人注意、观看。　5)distinct指声音十分清晰，让人一听就知道与别的声音不一样；clear指某物丝毫也不混乱、含糊或模糊不清，因而也就易于理解或领悟。　6)huge指体积大，比large更具体。　7)varied不同于different，它强调的是充满变化，有多种形式或种类繁多。　8)exotic不仅指很奇怪，而且指外来的，本地没有的。strange的“奇怪”内涵是：生疏、异样、不自然、费解等。　9)sunlit一词更为具体，指因为阳光照耀而明亮；bright则强调光的强度。　lO)massive不仅指大，而且指重，给人的印象深。　11)constantly强调稳定，始终如一；endlessly则强调没完没了，单一，乏味。　12)old意指旧的、老的或古老的；used不一定就是陈旧的，它的意思是因已用过而不再新了。Ⅷ 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理．　1)buyers　　2)sharp，strong　　3)dismal，gloomy，solemn　　4)declaring，insisting　　5)strike　　6)abundance，plenty　　7)richandcostly　　8)goods　　9)mixingⅨ．　1)Thereisthecloth—market，withitsprofusionofrichcolour．　2)Thereisthecoppersmiths’market，whereyoucanhearthesoundsoftinkling，bangingandclashing．　3)Thereisthecarpet—market，whereyoucanfindvariedtexturesandregionaldesigns．　4)Thereisthespice—market，withitspungentandexoti’csmells．　5)Thereisthefood—market，witheverythingyouneedforthemostsumptuousdinner．　6)Thereisasunlitcourtyard,withflowersbloomingandbirdschirping.X．　1)Azig-zagpathlosesitselfintheshadowydistanceofthewoods.　2)Atthebazaartherearemanystallswheregoodsofeveryconceivablekindaresold.　3)Ireallydon"tknowwhatitisthathasmadehimsoangry.　4)Thenewlyunearthedbronzevaseispleasinginformandengravedwithdelicateandintricatetraditionaldesigns.　5)Beyondthemountainsthereisavastgrasslandthatextendsasfarastheeyecansee.　6)Theydecidedtobuythathousewith.agarageattached.　7)Theteachersmakeapointofbeingstrictwiththestudents.　8)Thislittlegirlisverymuchattachedtoherfather.　9)Toachievethefourmodernization,wemakeapointoflearningfromtheadvancedscienceandtechnologyofothercountries.　10)Asduskfell,daylightfadedaway.　11)Theapprenticewatchedhismastercarefullyandthenfollowedsuit.　12)Frankoftentookahandinthewashing-upafterdinner.XI.　bazaar,veiledwomen,coppervessels,carpets,spice,mosque,camels,caravanserai,desert,etc.XlI.Omitted.XIII.　1)AsIgodeeperintothebazaar,thenoiseoftheentrancefadesaway,andIcometothemutedcloth-market.Theearthenfloor,beatenhardbycountlessfeet,reducesthesoundoffootsteps,andIcanhearnosoundbeingechoed.Theshop-keepersspeakinslow,controlledtones,andthe;customerstalkinthesame 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理way.　Thecopper-smiths"marketiseasilytracedbythenoisecomingfromit．AsIapproachit，atinklingandbangingandclashingbeginstostrikemyear.Thenoiseissodeafeningthat1havetoleaveasquicklyasIcan.Icanhardlyimaginehowthosecopper—smithsandtheirapprenticescanbeartoliveinallthatnoise．Lesson2Hiroshima---the“LiveliestCityinJapan”I.　1)ThewritermustbeanAmericanjournalistorreporter.2)Theaimofthevisit,Ithink,wastogatherinformationaboutHiroshimatoday.3)Alotofsadthoughtswereonhismind.Therewereothervisitorsfromabroadwhodidn"tsharehisviews.Thefirstparagraphshowsthistousclearly.4)Hefeltasenseofguilt.　5)TheJapanesewerenotpreoccupiedwiththesamethoughtasthewriterwas.　6)HiroshimawasdifferentfromotherJapanesecitiesinthatitwasdestroyedbyanatomicbombonAugust6,1945.　7)Sincethen,ithasbeenrebuiltwithhardworkandwiththehelpofeducation,scienceandtechnology.　8)Oneisanobviousconflictbetweenwesterninfluencesandthetraditionalcustoms.Anotheristhattheimpactofthe1945bombattackisstillfeltorseentillnow.　9)Becausehethoughtitwasunnecessarytodososincetheanswerswereobviousafterhistalkwiththepatients.　10)TheanswerwastheHiroshimawasnottheliveliestcityinJapan.Ⅱ.　1)Theyweresoabsorbedintheirconversationthattheyseemednottopayanyattentiontothepeoplearoundthem.　2)Assoonasthetaxidriversawatraveler,heimmediatelyopenedthedoor.　3)Thetraditionalfloatinghousesamonghighmodernbuildingsrepresenttheconstantstrugglebetweenoldtraditionandnewdevelopment.　4)1sufferedfromastrongfeelingofshamewhenIthoughtofthesceneofmeetingthemayorofHiroshimawearingmysocksonly.　5)ThefewAmericansandGermansseemedjustasrestrainedas1was．　6)AfterthreedaysinJapanonegetsquiteusedtobowingtopeopleasaritualtoshowgratitude．　7)1wasonthepointofshowingmyagreementbynoddingwhenIsuddenlyrealizedwhathemeant．Hiswordsshockedmeoutmysaddreamythinking．　8)Ithoughtforsomereasonorothernoharmhadbeendonetome．Ⅲ．Seethetranslationofthetext．Ⅳ．　1)n．+presentparticiple：epoch—making，face—keeping，time 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理consuming，nerve—wracking　2)n．+pastparticiple：home—made，bedridden，sun—burnt，heartfelt　3)n．+adj．：pitch—dark，headstrong，duty—free，coal—black　4)n．+n．+-ed：lion-hearted，iron-fisted，wall—eyed，brick—walled　5)adj．+n．+-ed：stiff-necked，highminded，dull—witted，warm—blooded，empty—headed，cold—blooded　6)adj．+presentparticiple：high—sounding，hard—working,plain-sailing，far—reaching　7)adj．+pastparticiple：high—flown，new-born，finespun,high—strungⅤ．　1)was指事实如此；而mustbe意为“很可能”。　2)“WasIatthescene…?”表示不能断定是不是在那里，而“WasInotatthescene…?”表示肯定是在那里，有“难倒……不是”的意思。　3)elderly意为“上了年纪的”，但不算太老。　4)grin指露齿而笑，有时可指傻笑，但不出声；laugh表示大笑；。mile一词最常用，指不出声地微笑，可表示开心、满意、喜爱等等。　5)sketch指很快地勾画出轮廓。　6)careful指认真、周全，小心谨慎以免出错；cautious指处处谨小慎微，以防失败或危险。　7)site大多指一块地方，可大可小；它可能是留作特殊用途的地方，如建筑工地(abuildingsite)，也可能指发生某事的地方或场所，如第一枚原子弹爆炸的地方(siteofthefirstatomicbombardment)。spot所指地点较小。　8)demolish意义比较实在，指彻底拆除，而destroy仅指破坏。　9)gay意为轻松愉快，兴致高。delightful指有魅力，心情好。　lO)gaze指目不转睛地长久地注视，往往出于好奇、钦羡、着迷等。stare指盯着看，瞪大眼睛看，往往出于吃惊、羡慕等。Ⅵ．　1)job，task，duty　　2)unaware　　3)fronts，bythefrontdoors　　4)striking/fascinating/strange/sight；continual，endless，constant　　5)sudden，sharpfeeling；idea，thought，expectation　　6)killed，murdered　　7)pain，torture　　8)fame　　9)daydream，thoughts　　1O)atomicdisaster　　11)teardown，pulldown　　12)meetwith，faceⅦ．　1)他刚才所讲的与讨论的问题无关。　2)战场旧址使他回想起那战火纷飞的抗战岁月。　3)他专心致志地工作，完全没有理会周围正在发生的事。　4)记者们看到诺贝尔奖获得者时感到很兴奋。　5)——老师用了个什么字?我没太听清楚。——我也没听清楚，很像是preoccupation。　6)又拐了一个弯，我们来到了一个可容几百人的大岩洞。　7)人们领悟到这骇人听闻的消息之后都惊得目瞪口呆。　8)铁水倒人混铁炉有如把茶水从茶壶倒入茶杯。 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　9)手术的失败使年青的外科大夫心情沉重。　10)将军常到兵营里去，和普通战士们在一起。Ⅶ．　1)soil　　2)soil　　3)earth　　4)earth　　5)familiarto　　6)familiarwith　　7)puzzled　　8)surprising　　9)admits　　10)hadconfessed　　11)careful　　12)cautiouslyⅨ．　1)Thereisnotasoulinthehall．Themeetingmusthavebeenputoff．　2)Thebooklooksverymuchlikeabox.(Thebooklooksmuchthesameasabox.)　3)SichuandialectsoundsmuchthesameasHubeidialect.Itissometimesdifficulttotellonefromtheother.　4)Theverysightofthemonumentremindsmeofmygoodfriendwhowaskilledinthebattle.　5)Hewassodeepinthoughtthathewasobliviousofwhathisfriendsweretalkingabout.　6)Whathedidhadnothingtodowithher.　7)Shecouldn"tfallasleepasherdaughter"sillnesswasverymuchonhermind.　8)Ihavehadthematteronmymindforalongtime.　9)Helovessuchgatheringsatwhichherubsshoulderswithyoungpeopleandexchangeopinionswiththemonvarioussubjects.　10)Itwasonlyafterafewminutesthathiswordssankin.　11)Thesoilsmellsoffreshgrass.　12)Couldyousparemeafewminutes?　13)Couldyousparemeaticket?　14)Thatelderlygrey-hairedmanisacoppersmithbytrade.X.Omitted.XI.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　MyVisittotheEuropeanTown　Oneautumn,myfriendsandIwenttoWuxionvacation.WedecidedtovisittheEuropeanTownfirst.ItisaparklocatedonthesideofTaiLake.ManyEuropeanscenicspotsarebuiltsmallerthereandalotoftouristsgothereforsightseeingeveryday.Becausetheymayneverhavethechancetoseetherealones,theypaytoseetheseimitations.　Wearrivedatthetownlateinthemorning.Itbegantodrizzleaswesteppedinside.Buttheraindidn"tdecreaseourplea-surebecauseitwasmoreromanticthaninthesunlight.Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythescenerythere.ThenumberofEuropean31stylebuildingswasbeyondmyimagination.WesawTriumphalArchandEiffelTowerofParis,theWindmillsofHollandandmanyothers.Hereandthere,peopleweretakingpictures.Inanexcitedmood,westrolledtoeachbuilding.We 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理alsotookalotofphotosthere.IlikedtheonetakeninfrontofTriumphalArchmost.ItwassorealthatyoumightthinkIhadbeentoParis.　Wespenttherestofthedaythere.Itwasreallyanunforgetableexperienceforme.Lesson3ShipsintheDesertI.　1)ThewriterwenttotheAralSeatosearchfortheunderlyingcausesoftheenvironmentalcrisis.Whathesawtherewashotdrysand.　2)Itwastheannuallayersoficeinacoresampledugfromtheglacier.　3)Scientistsweremonitoringtheairseveraltimesadaytochartthecourseoftheclimatechange.　4)Becausethepolarcapplaysacrucialroleintheworld"sweathersystem,thethinningofthepolarcapmightcausefloodinmanyplacesoftheworld.　5)TherearemoredifferentspeciesofbirdsineachsquaremileoftheAmazonthanexistinallofNorthAmerica.ThedestructionoftheAmazonrainforestwillmeansilencingthousandsofsongswehaveneverevenheard.　6)Thewritercallsnoctilucentclouds"ghostsinthesky".Asaresultofpollution,thecloudsoccasionallyappearwhentheearthisfirstcloakedintheeveningdarkness.Andtheyappearmoreoftenbecauseofahugebuildupofmethanegasintheatmosphere.　7)Becausewearenotyetawakenedtotakeeffectivemeasurestodealwiththeclimatechange.　8)Carbondioxide"sabilitytotrapheatintheatmospherecausesglobalwarming.Becauseglobalwarmingseriouslythreatenstheglobalclimateequilibriumthatdeterminesthepat-ternofwinds,rainfall,surfacetemperatures,oceancur-rents,andsealevel.Theseinturndeterminethedistributionofvegetativeandanimallifeonlandandseaandhaveagreateffectonthelocationandpatternofhumansocieties.　9)Thetwokeyfactorsarehumanpopulationandthescientificandtechnologicaldevelopment.Thedramaticchangesthathaveoccurredinthesetwofactorsareasuddenandstartlingsurgeinhumanpopulationandasuddenaccelerationofthescientificandtechnologicalrevolution.　10)Thewriter"ssolutiontoourecologicalproblemsistoreinventandfinallyhealtherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandtheearthbycarryingoutacarefulreassessmentofallthe{actorsthatledtotherelativelyrecentdramaticchangeintherelationship.Ⅱ.　1)Itwasnotatallpossibletocatchalargeamountoffish.　2)Followingthelayersoficeinthecoresample,hisfingercametotheplacewherethelayeroficewasformed2050yearsago.　3)keepsitsenginesrunningforfearthatifhestopsthem,themetalpartswould 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理befrozensolidandtheengineswouldnotbeabletostartagain　4)Bitbybittreesintherainforestarefelledandthelandisclearedandturnedintopasturewherecattlecanberaisedquicklyandslaughteredandthebeefcanbeusedinham-burgers.　5)Sincemilesofforestarebeingdestroyedandthehabitatfortheserarebirdsnolongerexists,thousandsofbirdswhichwehavenotevenhadachancetoseewillbecomeextinct.　6)Thinkingabouthowaseriesofeventsmighthappenasaconsequenceofthethinningofthepolarcapisnotjustakindofpracticeinconjecture(speculation),ithasgotpracticalValue.　7)Weareusinganddestroyingresourcesinsuchahugeamountthatwearedisturbingthebalancebetweendaylightanddarkness.　8)Orhavewebeensoaccustomedtothebrightelectriclightsthatwefailtounderstandthethreateningimplicationoftheseclouds.　9)Toputforwordthequestioninadifferentway　10)andgreatlyaffectthelivingplacesandactivitiesofhumansocieties　ll)Weseemunawarethattheearth"snaturalsystemsaredelicate.　12)Andthiscontinuingrevolutionhasalsosuddenlydevelopedataspeedthatdoubledandtripledtheoriginalspeed.Ⅲ.Seethetranslationofthetext.IV.　1)transportation,imitation,destruction　2)encirclement,enrichment,enlightenment　3)postage,coinage,advantage　4)sharpness,boldness,smoothness　5)admission,concession,depression　6)productivity,sensitivity,desirability　7)posture,departure,indenture　8)independence,prudence,impudence　9)flagrancy,consistency,potency　10)analysis,metabasis,metamorphosis　ll)dictatorship,ownership,partnership　12)depth,length,birthV.　1)technology技术　　　　2)ecology生态学　3)hydrology水文学　　　　4)phrenology颅像学　5)neurology神经病学　　　　6)pathology病理学　7)physiology生理学　　　　8)pharmacology药理学　9)gynaecology妇科学　　　　lO)oceanology海洋学　11)lexicology词汇学　　　　12)archaeology考古学　13)anthropology人类学　　　　14)criminology犯罪学 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理Ⅵ．　1)anarchist无政府主义者　2)naturalist自然主义者　3)biologist生物学家　4)psychologist心理学家　5)satirist讽刺作家　6)encyclopaedist百科全书编纂者　7)geologist地质学家　8)sociologist社会学家　9)zoologist动物学家　lO)impressionist印象派艺术家　l1)environmentalist环境保护论者　12)terrorist恐怖主义分子Ⅶ．　1)submarine潜水艇　2)submerge淹没，潜入水中　3)subantartic亚南极的　4)subsolar在太阳正下面的，赤道的　5)subhead小标题　6)subaquatic半水栖的　7)subdivide把……再分　8)suboxide低氧化物　9)subclass亚纲　lO)subclimax亚顶极群落　l1)subcommittee小组委员会　12)subconscious下意识的　13)subcontinent次大陆　14)subcontract转包合同　15)subculture亚文化群　16)subspecies亚种　17)subsoil底土　18)sublethal(毒药的量等)尚不致命的Ⅷ.　inlandsea,desert,coresample,glacier,atmosphere,carbondioxide,polaricecap,globalwarming,Amazonrainforest,speciesofbirds,ecologicalbalance,noctilucentcloud,methanegas,naturalgas,landfills,coalmines,ricepaddies,termites,biomass,upperatmosphere,elephants,greenhousegases,watervapor,growingmountainsofwaste,acidrain,chlorine,humanactivities,heat-absorbingmolecules,globalclimateequilibrium,winds,rainfall,surfacetemperatures,oceancurrents,sealevel,vegetativeandanimallife,etc. 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理IX.　1)basicexamples　　2)unalterable　　3)meeting　　4)characterizedstrikeagainsteachother　　5)setup　　6)see,attack　　7)atthesametime　　8)balance　　9)increasing,existence　　10)task　　ll)out-of-dateX.　1)consequences　　2)results　　3)results　　4)outcome　　5)results,　　6)outcome　　7)causes　　8)causes　　9)reason　　10)reason　　ll)relations　　12)relationship　　13)relations　14)relationship　　15)complex　　16)complex　　17)complicated　　18)complex　　19)simple　　20)simplisticXI.　1)with　　2)of　　3)on　　4)of　　5)in　　6)in　　7)against　　8)than　　　9)of　　lO)as　　ll)as　　12)with　　13)of　　14)of　　　15)for　　16)ofXII.　relationship,environment,garbage,what,endless,allow,that,dumping,dispose,drown,having,old,mind,running,waste,it,sight11recent,debates,disposal,ocean,elsewhere,confront,capacity,of,quantities,only,change,reduce,we,used,interdependent,chosen,unless,dramatically,thinking,humankind,inheritXIII.Omitted.XIV.　　　　　　　　　　　　　WeMustProtectOurEcologicalSystem　Withthedevelopmentofhumancivilization,manhascreatedcountlesswonders,butatwhataprice!Ourecologicalsys-tem,onwhichallanimals"existencedepends,hasbeenseriouslydamagedandisstillbeingthreatened.Theearth"stemperatureisgettinghigher,moreandmoreforestsarebeingfelled,largenumbersofanimalsarefacingextinction,anddesertsareexpandingatanincrediblerate.　Thecausesfortheworseningecologicalsystemaremanifold.Perhapstwoofthemajorproblemslieinpeople"spursuitofshort-terminterestswithlittleattentiontolong-terminterestsandtheirpursuitofindividualinterestsratherthancollectiveinterests.Inthefirstcase,manylakesarefilledtogrowcropsorevenbuildhouses;treesarecutdown,onlybaremountainsstandcoldinthewindandarecapableofholdingnowaterwhenitrains.Inthesecondcase,scenicspotsbecomedirtyanddesertedbecauseofnewlyestablishednearbyfactoriesproducingwastewaterandair;industrialcountriesinvestheavilyinchemicalfactoriesintheThirdWorldnations,keepingtheirownlandrelativelyclean.　Tosolvetheproblemsmentionedabove,weshouldtryourbesttobalanceshort-terminterestswithlong-termonesbymakinglong-termplansandtakingasmanythingsaspossibleintoconsideration.We"relivingtodayandarestilltolivetomorrowweandourposteritybothhavetoliveontheearth.Besides,Global 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理actionshouldbetakentoprotectourecologicalsystem.People,easternorwestern,richorpoor,shouldjointheirhandstopreventourecologicalsystemfrombeingfurtherdamaged.Wehaveonlyoneearthandwehavetomakeitabetterworld.Lesson4EverydayUseforyourgrandmamaI.　1)Inreallifethemotherwasalarge,big-bonedwomanwithrough,man-workinghands.　2)Deelikehermothertohaveaslenderfigureandafairskin,glisteninghairandaquickandwittytongue.　3)Whenshemeetsastrangewhiteman,shealwaysavoidslookinghimintheeyeandisreadytogoaway.　4)Maggieisaninnocent,timidandkind-heartedgirl.　5)Becausetheyweremoreseriouslylookeddownuponbywhitemenatthattime,andtheywerenotasawakenastheyaretoday.　6)BecauseDeedoesn"tlikeherfriendstoseethepoorstateherfamilyisin,whichshethinksisshameful.ThistellsusthatDeeissomewhatasnob.Anotherinstancetoprovethisisthatshewantsnicethings.　7)Becauseitwasoldandstitchedbyhandinsteadofbymachine.Sothatshecouldusethemfordecorationshowingtothepeopleshewasassociatedwith.　8)Maggiewantedthequiltbecauseshecouldrememberhergrandmabetter,whotaughthertodoneedlework.　9)Becauseshewantedtogetsomevaluableheritagesofthefamily,mainlyoutofhervanity.　10)AtfirstthemotherlikedDeebecauseofherbeauty,taste,andeducation.Butwiththedevelopmentofthestory,herlovewastransferredtoadislikebecauseofDee"segotism,whichwasobviouslyrevealedwhensheinsistedontakingthequiltswhilehersisterMaggiegaveupkeepingitwillinglytosatisfyherdesire.　11)It"simpliedthatthestoryiswritteninhonorofthegrandmamentionedinitandthattheordinaryoldthingmaybesomethingpreciousfortheyoung.Ⅱ.　1)Shethinksthathersisterhasafirmcontrolofherlife.　2)Shecouldalwayshaveanythingshewanted,andlifewasextremelygeneroustoher.　3)ThepopularTVtalkshowstar,JohnnyCarson,whoisfamousforhiswittyandglibtongue,hastotryhardifhewantstocatchupwithme.　4)ItseemstomethatIhavetalkedtothemalwaysreadytoleaveasquicklyaspossible.　5)Sheimposedonuslotsoffalsity.　6)imposedonusalotofknowledgethatistotallyuselesstous　7)Sheisnotbrightjustassheisneithergood-lookingrich.　8)Deeworeaverylongdressevenonsuchahotday.　9)YoucanseemetryingtomovemybodyacoupleofsecondsbeforeIfinally 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理managetopushmyselfup.　10)Soonheknowsthatwon"tdoforMaggie,sohestopstryingtoshakehandswithMaggie.　11)AsIseeDeeisgettingtiredofthis,Idon"twanttogooneither.Infact,IcouldhavetraceditfarbackbeforetheCivilWaralongthebranchesofthefamilytree.　12)NowandthenheandDeecommunicatedthrougheyecontactinasecretiveway.　13)IfMaggieputtheoldquiltsonthebed,theywouldbeinragslessthanfiveyears.　14)SheknewthiswasGod"sarrangement.Ⅲ.Seethetranslationofthetext.IV.　1)inelegant　2)astupidperson/asimpleton　3)tightlycurled　4)expressedorwordedwell/felicitous　5)say(usedtodescribedialogue)　6)asifshakehandsinafancyandelaborateway　7)Iknewyoucouldn"ttraceitfurtherback　8)mispronounced,failedtopronounceitcorrectly　9)peoplewhobredandfattencattleformeat　10)talkedmuchandrapidlyV.　1)Dee,however,isnotlikeme.　2)Icouldnevercarryatune.　3)Itwaslikethereactionyouhavewhenyouseethewrigglingendofasnakejustinfrontofyourfootontheroad.　4)Deecomesoutofthecarnext.Sheiswearingadresslongenoughtotouchtheground,inspiteofthishotweather.　5)Herearringsaregold，too，andtheyarehangingdowntohershoulders．　6)"No，Mama，”shesays"MynameisnotDeenow，ithaschangedintoWangeroLeewanikaKemanjo!”　7)“Whyshouldn"tIcallyoubyyournewname?"’　8)Thosepeoplewerealwaystoobusy：…　9)"DidUncleBuddywhittlethatone,too?”askedthebarber．　10)“Imaginethatshedidallthestitchingbyhand!”shebreathedagain，clutchingthemtoherbosom．Ⅵ．　1)…mycomplexionhadasmoothandcreamytexture．　2)…uncomfortablyandnervously，wantingtogetawayassoonas 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理possible．　3)…thequickandgreathumorthatwouldmakeeverybodylaughimmediately．　4)Hewastednotimeinmarryingacontemptiblecitygirlfromafamilyofignorantostentatiousandvulgarpeople．　5)…moveherfeetingreatdiscomfort．　6)"Maggie"sbrainisveryslow，”Wangerosaid,laughing．　7)…slightlysunkenareas．　8)"Mama，”Wangerosaidinanextremelysweetvoice．　9)Shebreathedsuddenlyinpainfulsurprise．　10)Foruscoloredpeople。thisisanewera。andwemustseizeouropportunities．Ⅶ．　1)extended意为“加长的”、“加大的”；large指空间大，宽敞。　2)hopelessly指没有希望或指望；helpless指没人帮助或保护；ashamed指因为自卑感而感到卑微或尴尬；embarrassed指感到不自在，举止失态。　3)ofthissort带有贬义，暗示这种电视节目质量低劣，档次不高；likethisone无贬义。　4)limousine是大型豪华轿车，由一专职司机驾驶，有一玻璃板把司机与乘客隔开；car可指各种汽车。　5)furtive俩。指做事偷偷摸摸，心中有鬼；sly指长于欺骗，玩弄伎俩。　6)dangling意为在空中摇荡；hanging指把东西挂起来。　7)trunk指存放东西或旅行用的大箱子，用木头或别的材料做成；suitcase指放衣服的旅行箱，常由皮革类材料制造。rifling意为抢劫或掠夺(在这里是一种夸张，说明母亲Dee的行为很不满)；search是一个通用的词，不带感情色彩。　8)breathe意思是轻声地说，低语；breatheagain是固定词组,意为如释重负，松了一口气。Ⅷ．　1)Apleasantsurprise，ofcourse．Thisismuchbetterthanasituationinwhichtheparentandchildcameontheshowonlytocurseoutandinsulteachother．　2)NoneoftheJohnsonshadaquicktongue．　3)Icouldneverpossiblylookastrangewhitemanintheeye.　4)1knowyouhatedthehouseandsoyouareverygladtoseethehousebeingburntdown．　5)Youmaytakeoneortwooftheotherquilts．Ⅸ．　1)croppedup　　2)putup　　　3)keepupwith　　4)broughtup　　5)broughttogether　　6)hangingabout　　7)hungback　　8)hung　　9)hangingdown　　10)handeddown　　11)byhand　　12)outofstyle　　13)withastyle　　14)byhand　　　15)stuckto　　16)carriedbackⅩ．　　　1)hog猪　　　2)bullcalf小公牛　　3)dog狗　　4)cow奶牛 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　　5)mule骡子　　6)snake蛇　　7)sheep羊　　8)lizard蜥蜴　　9)fish鱼　　lO)cattle牛Ⅺ．Sincesheneverhadaneducationherself，shetendedtousesimplewords，fragmentedsentencesandotherungrammaticalsentences．Togiveoneexample。sheused“like”tointroduceaclauseinsteadof“as”．XII．　1)Abigfireburnedtothegroundmorethan300homesintheslumneighborhood.　2)Ifyouareuprightandnotafraidoflosinganything,youwillbeabletolookanyoneintheeye.　3)Despitetheflood,thelossesinagriculturalproductionwerenotthatserious.　4)Thisblousedoesn"tmatchthecolororthestyleoftheskirt.　5)Let"stalkaboutthematteroveracupofcoffee.　6)Ican"timagineyoudoingdisgracefulthings.　7)Hecouldn"timaginewhypeoplewereopposedtohissuggestions.　8)Steppingofffromthecar,theofficialwasconfrontedbytwoterrorists.　9)Aslongaswesticktotheseprinciples,wewillsurelybesuccessful.　10)Shewasshockedatthenews,butbeforelongsherecomposedherself.　ll)Itisverydifficulttotracethisquotationtoitssource.　12)Theirwayoflifecouldbetracedtotheancienttraditionshandeddowntothembytheirancestorsmorethanonethousandyearsago.XlII.Omitted.XlV.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　MyFamily　Oursisabigfamily.Myfatherisaworkerwholivesinalo-calcity.Bothmyoldestuncleandsecondunclesetuphouse-keepinginthecountryside.Myyoungestuncleisateacherandlivesfarfromus.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyfamilysincethebeginningofthereformandopeningpolicy.　Inthelate1970s,ourbigfamilyhadaget-togetheranddiscussedtheproblemofmygrandma"sresidence.Thosewerehardtimes.Noonetooktheinitiativetolivewithher.Eachfamilyhadaskeletoninthecupboard.Oldestunclehadroomonlye-n0ughtoshelterthemfromthewindandrain.Hehadtotightenhisbelttokeepthefamilypotboiling.Secondunclehadnothingbutfourbarewallstofaceandledadog"slife.Youngestunclewassaidtobelivinginadormitoryandcouldn"tevenaffordatripback.Myfatherlivedinabungalowwhichwasadoll"shousethingandhadtoekeoutourlivelihood.Butitwasbetteranyway.Mygrandmalivedonwithus.　Suchwasmyfamilyatthattime.Eachfamilyofthebigex-tendedfamilywasinfinancialstraits.　Intheearly1990s,mybigclanheldanotherfamilymeetingandstillmygrandma"sresidencewasdiscussed.Butgreatchangeshadoccurred.Eachsmallerfamilywas"fighting"forthechancetolivewithgrandma.Themeetingbeganinamerry 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理atmosphere.Myfatherstarted,"Thegovernmenthasestablishedasystemoffloorwagesandceilingworkinghours.Wehaveasteadyincomeandregularleisuretime.Besides,wehaveawell-furnituredapartment."Oldestunclehastened,"Thestatehaslegalizedustobeengagedinhouseholdsidelineproduction,soIhavesetupasmallbutratherprofitablepoultryfarm.Moreover,thereismorespaciousroom."Secondunclewould"tfallbehind,"Ihavecontractedtorunalargestretchoflandandengagemanyfarmhands.Iprofitalotfromit.Ihavemoreleisuretime."Eventually,asregardsthepeaceinthecountry-side,mygrandmamovedtoseconduncle,youngestuncletookaflightbackandtoldushehadjustboughtaflat.　Thatwasmyfamilyabout10yearslater.Eachsmallerfamilylivedinabundance.　Now,oldestuncleismanagerofalarge-scalepoultryfarmandseconduncle"sfarmhasbeenmechanized.　Tosumup,thespringwindofthereformandopeningpolicyhasledtogreatchangesandmyfamilyiswellonthewaytoprosperityLesson5SpeechonHitler"sInvasionoftheU.S.S.R.I.　1)GermanyattackedRussiaonanenormousfrontbyaironSunday,June22.　2)Hewasnotsurprisedatthenews,becausehehadthoughtthattheGermanswouldattacktheSovietUnion.　3)Becausehehadonlyonepurpose,thedestructionofHitler,whohethoughtwastheworstintheworld.　4)ThepolicythatChurchilldeclaredBritainwouldpursuewastodestroyHitlerandwipeoffeverysingletraceoftheNaziregime.　5)AccordingtoChurchill,Hitler"sinvasionofRussiaservedasthefirststepforhisinvasionofBritain,thuscontrollingoftheWesternHemisphere.Ⅱ.　1)HitlerwashopingthatifheattackedRussia,hewouldwininBritainandtheU.S.thesupportofthosewhowereenemiesofCommunism.　2)WinantsaidtheUnitedStateswouldadoptthesameattitude.　3)Inthisway,mylifeismademucheasierinthiscase,itwillbemucheasierformetodecideonmyattitudetowardsevents.　4)IwillnottakebackasinglewordofwhatIhavesaidaboutCommunism.　5)IcanseetheGermanbombersandfightersinthesky,who,aftersufferingseverelossesintheaerialbattleofEngland,nowfeelhappybecausetheythinktheycaneasilybeattheRussianairforcewithoutheavyloss.　6)Weshallbemoredeterminedandshallmakebetterandfulleruseofourresources.　7)LetusstrengthenourunityandoureffortsinthefightagainstNaziGermanywhenwehavenotyetbeenoverwhelmedandwhenwearestillpowerful.Ⅲ.Seethetranslationofthetext. 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理IV.　1)anti-Communist反共产主义的（人）；antichrist反对基督（教）的（人）Here"anti-"means"against","hostileto","opposedto".Otherexamples,anti-Japanese,anticolonial,anti-party,anti-imperialist,anti-fascist,anti-apartheid,antidraft,antislavery,anti-Smith.　2)antibacterial抗细菌的，抗菌物；antifreeze防冻剂Inthesetwocases,"anti-"means"preventing","curing","neutralizing"or"reducing".Otherexamples:antiknock,antitoxin,anti-pollution,anti-malarial,antifriction,anti-icer.　3)antiaircraft防空的anti-ballisticmissile反弹道导弹Here"anti-"hasthemeaningof"counteracting","operatingagainst"or"resisting".Otherexamples:antitank,antipersecution,antitrust,antigas,antisubmarine,antidote,antimagnetic.　4)antithesis（修辞学中的）对句，对话，偶句；antihero（小说，戏剧中）不按传统性主角品格塑造的主角Here"anti-"means"opposite","reverse".Otherexamples:antimatter,antipole,antiparticle,antineutron,antiphrasis,antipode,antinovel.V.　1)Hewasalmostattheendofhispowerswhen…　2)-"hisreputationisuncertain.　3)Hecompletelyignored…　4)Peoplewhoareinavulnerablepositionshouldnotattackothers.　5)Thismayteachtheyoungmannottotakefoolishrisks.　6)""broughthimgreatsuccess.　7)Thepupilstooktheteacherastheirexample.　8)...anenormouspileofletters.Ⅵ.　1)Whetherforhim,thearchanti-Communist,thiswasriotbowingdownintheHouseofRimmon:whetherhewasnotrenouncinghispreviousattitudetowardsCommunism;whetherhewasnotchanginghispositionsincehehadallalongbeenopposedtoCommunism.　2)Isupposetheywillberoundedupinhordes:IthinktheRedarmymenwillbesurroundedandcapturedinsurprisinglylargenumbers.　3)TheNaziregimeisdevoidofallthemeandprincipleexceptappetiteandracialdomination:Here"appetite"isusedmetaphorically,meaningstrongGermandesireforconquest.　4)StillsmartingfrommanyaBritishwhipping:Here"whipping"isusedmetaphorically,meaningcounterattack.　5)ridtheearthofhisshadowandliberateditspeoplesfromhisyoke:Hereboth"shadow"and"yoke"areusedmetaphorically,theformermeaningtheverystrongpowerorinfluence(ofHitler)andthelattermeaningcontrol.Ⅶ. 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　1)ascoolascucumber2)factandfantasy　3)Hecamebacksoundandsafe.　4)Shesangasong.　5)Nexttohealth,heartandhome,happinessformobileAmericansdependsupontheautomobile.Ⅷ.　Parallelstructure:　1)Wewillneverparley　　WewillnevernegotiatewithHitleroranyofhisgang　2)Weshallfighthimbyland　　Weshallfighthimbysea　　Weshallfighthimintheair　3)behindallthisglare　　behindallthisstormIsee""　4)1seetheRussiansoldiersstanding""　　Iseethemguarding...　　Iseethetenthousandvillages...　　Iseeadvancingupon...　　Iseealsothedull…　　IseetheGermanbombers…　　Iseethatsmallgroup…　5)thatisourpolicy　　andthatisourdeclaration　6)Weshallbefortifiedandencouragedinourefforts.　　Weshallbestrengthenedandnotweakenedindeterminationandresources.　7)Letuslearnthelessonsalreadytaughtbysuchcruelexperience.　　Letusredoubleourexertions…　Repetition:　1)Wehavebutoneaimandonesingle,irrevocablepurpose.　2)Hehassolongthrivedandprospered.　3)Wewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiate...IX.　theNaziwarmachine,aswarmofcrawlinglocusts,smallgroupofvillainousmen,hisshadow,hisyoke,histyranny,Hitler"sblood-lustandthehatefulappetitesX.　1)preparing,writingdown　2)veryfastandviolently　3)obtaining,getting　4)returned　5)spent...onit　6)frontiers　7)ancienttime　8)evil　9)agree　10)holdtalkswithourenemy　ll)religiousbelief;faith　12)sadly,deplorably　13)greatandsuddendisaster 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理XI.　1)Thisistrueoftheruralareaaswellasoftheurbanarea.　2)Hewascountingontheirsupport.　3)Idon"trememberhisexactwords,butI"msurehedidsaysomethingtothateffect.　4)Churchillsaid,"TellStalinthatBritainhasbutonedesire--tocrushHitler.　5)Only9%ofthepopulationinthatcountryremainsilliterate.　6)Thisleavesthemnochoicebuttorelyonhisefforts.　7)Theguestswereoverwhelmedbythewarmreception.　8)Theyoverwhelmedtheenemybyasurpriseattack.　9)Theirdifficultyisourdifficultyjustasweviewtheirvictoryasourownvictory.　10)ItisclearthatGermanfascistsweretryingtoputthepeopleinthatregionundertheirdomination.XII.　1)turn　2)turned...into　3)turn　4)turnedto　5)turned…into　6)turning…to　7)turn…on　8)turneddown　9)turnedout　10)turnedout　11)turnupXIII.(6)(1)(4)(7)(3)(2)(5)XIV.Omitted.XV.　TheNaziregimeisthemostwickedintheworld.Now,itisinvadingU.S.S.R.,andtheRussiansoldiersaredoingtheirbesttosafeguardtheircountry.Thisisacrucialpoint.Ihavetodeclarethepolicyweshouldfollow.OurpolicyistodestroyHitlerandeveryvestigeoftheNaziregime.Therefore,wemustmakeeveryefforttofighttogetherwiththosewhofightHitlerandhissupporters.WemustuniteallourfriendsandalliesineverypartoftheworldtofightHitler.　Hitler"sinvasionofRussiaismerelyapreludetoaninvasionofGreatBritain,whichwillleadtohistotalcontrolovertheWesternHemisphere.TheRussiandangeristhereforeourdanger,andthedangeroftheUnitedStates.Ifwedon"tunite,we"llbestruckdownonebyone.LetusmakeajointefforttofighttheNaziGerman.Lesson6BLACKMAILI.　1)Yes,hedid,becausehewantedtomakethemmoreanxious.　2)Becauseshedidn"tlikehermaidandsecretarytoknowwhattheywouldtalktothedetective.　3)Becausehethoughtthatheknewtheirsecretandthathewasinanadvantageousposition.　4)Shefoundanotemadebutnotdestroyedbyherhusband. 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　5)Hefoundthatonthenightthecoupleenteredthehotelthroughthebasementinsteadofthelobby,bothverymuchshaken.　6)Abrushtraceisamarkleftonsomethingwhenlightlytouchedorrubbed.　7)Ogilviecametotalkwiththemratherthangotoreporttothepolice.　8)Theyhadtospendonedayortwoinvestigatinginthesuburbanareas.　9)Becauseeveryrepairshophadbeentoldtoreporttothepolicewhenacarneedingfixingliketheirscamein.　10)Shethoughtthatwassafeforthembymakinguseofthedetective"savidity.　11)Originally,thedetectiveaskedfortenthousandonlytokeepsilentandnottoreporttothepolice.ButnowtheDuchesswasaskinghimtodrivetheircarnorthandshewasreadytooffersuchalargesum.Sheknewthedetectivewasgreedy.Givensomuchmoney,hewoulddoasshetoldhimto.　12)Yes,OgilvieacceptedtheDuchess"offer.攀登英语网www.5pds.com提供Ⅱ.　1)Thehousedetective"ssmallnarroweyeslookedherupanddownscornfullyfromhisfatfacewithaheavyjowl.　2)Thisisaprettyniceroomthatyouhavegot.　3)ThefatbodyshookinachucklebecausethemanwasenjoyingthefactthathecouldaffordtodowhateverhelikedandalsohewasappreciatingthefactthattheDuchessknewwhyhehadcome.　4)Hehadanunnaturallyhigh-pitchedvoice.now,heloweredthepitch.Whenhespoke　5)Ogilviespatoutthewords,throwingawayhispoliteness.pretended　6)TheDuchesswassupportedbyherarrogancecomingfromparentsofnoblefamilieswithahistoryofthreecenturiesandahalf.Shewouldn"tgiveupeasily.　7)It"snouse.Whatyoudidjustnowwasagoodattemptattryingtosavethesituation.　8)"That"smoreacceptable,"Ogilviesaid.Helitanothercigar,"Nowwe"remakingsomeprogress."　9)...helookedattheDuchesssardonicallyasifhewantedtoseeifshedaredtoobjecttohissmoking.　10)Thehousedetectivemadenoiseswithhistonguetoshowhisdisapproval.Ⅲ.Seethetranslationofthetext.IV.　1)advertisement　　2)brassiers　　3)doctor　　4)refrigerator　　5)gymnasium　　6)highfidelity(radio,photography,etc.)　　7)intercommunicationsystem　　8)liberation　　9)memorandum　　10)microphone　　11)modern　　12)permanentwave　　13)poliomyelitis　　14)popular-song　　15)preparatory(school)　　16)professor　　17)sister　　18)television 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　　19)veterinarian　　20)zoologicalV.　1)ahalf-finishedletter　　2)ahalf-closedwindow　　3)apieceofhalf-bakedbread　　4)ahalf-turnedbody　　5)awell-appointedhotel　　6)well-behavedpupils　　7)well-chosenwords　　　8)well-fedchildren　　9)well-informedsources(people)　　10)high-flownlanguageVI.　1)sound(v.)Hiswordssoundloftyandpretentious.　2)figure(v.)Commercefigureslargelyintheprosperityofthecity.　3)go(n.)Heisalwaysonthegofromearlymorningtilllateatnight.　4)try(n.)Hedidn"tsucceedinhisfirsttry,buthekeptonjumping.　5)dust(v.)Theyaredusting　6)square(v.)Hesquaredhisthecropswithinsecticide.shoulderstoshowhisdetermination．　7)good(n．)Overworkingyourselfwilldomoreharmthangood．　8)head(v．)Onhearingthat，heheadedstraightforthegatewithoutlookingback．　9)make(n．)Idon"tlikeabicycleofthismake．　10)reason(v．)Ifyoureasonfromfalsepremises．howcanyouexpecttheconclusiontobesound?Ⅶ.　1)real　　2)ofnouse／useless　　3)aremakingsomeprogress／areaccomplishingsomething　　4)explainitexactlyandindetail　　5)whathappens　　6)deduce/reasonout　　7)startedfor　　8)upset　　9)aquickexaminationorinspection　　10)need／occasion　　11)observes／notices　　12)bribed　　13)wealthy／well—to—doⅧ.　1)surveyed　　2)gaze　　3)swept　　4)flipped　　5)chuckled　　6)shotout　　7)spatforththesewords　　　　　8)sprangtoherfeet　　9)clasped　　lO)swungaround　　11)detect　　12)staredⅨ.　1)sardonic重在嘲讽，sarcastic重在嘲笑。　2)self-confidence意为依靠自己的力量；self-assurance指过于相信自己的能力，带贬义，可指自负。　3)accuse可用于正式场合，也可用于非正式场合，可用于官方，也可用于私人;charge指正式控告，到法院控告某人。　4)tired指疲劳或疲倦；weary指厌倦，不能或不愿继续下去。　5)leisurely意为不紧不慢地或从容不迫地。　6)oblige指为……帮忙；help意义广泛得多。 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　7)discreetly意为保持沉默，不让别人知道。　8)racing指脑筋在飞快地转动，quick指的是反应快，聪明(quick—minded)。　9)tense和nervous都表示害怕、担心；tense还可指焦虑不安,神经上紧张。在这里，用tense暗示公爵不是一个生性紧张的人，而是当时焦虑不安和害怕。　10)eventuality指可能出现的结果，possibility指可能出现的事情。　11)respite指延期、推迟或短时间的休息；relief指解除痛苦、疲劳、忧虑等之后的轻松。　12)vacillate指思想一时动摇，拿不定主意；indecisiveness则指人优柔寡断的性格。Ⅹ．　1)sleep　　2)work　　3)themoment　　4)thought　　5)adoubt　　6)time　　7)labour　　8)perspiration　　9)music　　lO)mind　　11)steel　　12)events　　13)laughter　　14)refusalⅪ．　1)他从不会被出乎意料的问题难倒。　2)明年他们将生产更多的稻米。　3)这事真难办。(或：这事真糟。)　4)他跃跃欲试。　5)这位老人仍然精力充沛。　6)这个小店出售花哨的小商品。　7)你想喝点什么?　8)这个男孩正在猛长个儿。　9)这个女孩是个神枪手。　10)这两位大人物进行了私下会晤。　11)我们被安排在招待所里过夜。　12)他发现自己陷入了困境。　13)突然我想到了一个主意。　14)他的科学幻想小说在美国轰动一时。Ⅻ．　1)Thereisnocallforhurry．Takeyourtime．　2)AreyousuggestingthatIamtellingalie?　3)Hetriedeverymeanstoconcealthefact．　4)Ourchancetosucceedisveryslim．Neverthelessweshalldoourutmost．　5)Wewillhaveourmeetingat10tomorrowmorningunlessnotifiedotherwise．　6)Neitherofusisadeptatfigures．　7)Woulditbepossibletoreachthatplacebeforedarkassumingwesetoutat5o"clock(inthemorning)?　8)Hewasreluctanttocomplywithherrequest.　9)IknowyouarefromtheSouth.Youraccenthasbetrayedyou.　10)Wehavenoalternativeinthismatter.XIII.Omitted. 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理XIV.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Summary　TheDukeandtheDuchessoccupyaluxurioussuiteinalargehotelinNewOrleans.OnMondayeveningwhiledrivingwithhiswifefromagamblinghouse,theDukeknocksdownawomanandherchild.Botharekilled.TheDukeandtheDuchess,however,driveaway.Thehit-and-runbecomestopsensationalnewsinthecity.Thehotel"schiefhousedetectiveOgilvienoticesthebatteredcarwhenitcomesback.Hedoesnotgotoreportthistothepolice,instead,hecomestothecouple"ssuiteandhasatalkwiththem.Hepromisestokeepquietaboutwhatheknowsandasksforalargesumofmoneyinreturnforthefavour.TheDuke,nowtotallyatalossastowhattodo,hastolethiswifehandletheproblem.TheDuchess,acleverwoman,firstpretendstoknownothingaboutwhatthedetectivesaysanddeniesthefactthattheyhavekilledthewomanandthegirl,butlateradmitsitafterthedetectivehasproducedalotofevidence.Sheunderstandsthattogetthemselvesoutofthismess,thecarhastobedrivenoutofthesouthwherepeoplearealertedaboutthehit-and-run.SosheofferstopayOgilvietwicemorethanhehasaskedonconditionthathedrivestheeartoChicagoupinthenorth.Thegreedydetectiveacceptedtheofferundertheimposingairandthelureofmoney.Lesson7TheAgeofMiracleChipsI.　1)ItlookslikeastylizedNavahorugortheaerialviewofarailroadswitchingyard.Itismademostlyofsilicon.　2)Thecomputerof25yearsagowasaslargeasaroom.Themiraclechipoftodayissmall,cheap,easytomassproduce,fast,infinitelyversatileandconvenient.　3)At7:30a.m.,whenthealarm:lockburrs,thebedroomcurtainsswingsilentlyapart,thevenetianblindssnapupandthethermostatbooststheheattoacozy70~.Thepercolatorinthekitchenstartsburbling;thebackdooropenstoletoutthedog.TheTVsetblinksonwiththeday"sfirstnewscast.AfterthenewsonTVcomesthemorningmail,fromcorrespondentswhohavedictatedtheirmessagesintothecomputernetwork.Mr.A.,stillinbed,thenpressesabuttononabedsideboxandissuesastringofbusinessandpersonalmemos,whichappearinstantlyonthegeniescreen.Afterhisshower,whichhasturneditselfonatexactlytherighttemperatureattherightminute,Mr.A.isalertedbyabuzzerandabluelightonthescreen.Hisbossisonhiswaytotheoffice.Mr.A.dressesandgoesouttothecar,theengineofwhichisrunning."　Afterherhusbandhaskissedhergoodbye,Mrs.A.usesthecomputertodoshoppingfortonight"sdinnerparty.Thensheordersfromthememorybankherfavoriterecipes,tellsthemachinetocomputetheingredientsforsixservings,anddirectstheovenstoreachthecorrecttemperatureforeachdishaccordingtotherecipe,startingat7:15p.m.Shethenjoinsateleviseddiscussionofart.LatershewandersintothecomputerroomwhereshehasjustlearnedfromhisheadsetthathisdrillinLatinverbconjugationwasverygood. 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　4)Homeinformationmanagementsystemswilltakeovermemopads,notebooks,files,billsandthekitchenbulletinboard.AndhousewiveswillbeabletodotheirshoppingbycomputerTV.　5)Hospitalcomputerswilltaketheplaceofdoctorstotalktopatientsandtheyareprogrammednotonlytoremindthepharmacydepartmenttoprepareprescriptionsbutalsotoalertnursestogivetheproperdosageattherighttime.　6)Inadditiontothemicroprocessorsunderthehoodthatwillhelpthemachineoperatemoreefficiently,tinycomputerswilleasetensionsandmakelifesimplerforthedriverandpassengerstoo.Forexample,atthepushofabutton,thedrivercangetareadoutontheamountoffuelinthetank,andthenumberofmileshecanexpecttogobeforearefillisnecessaryorhecanfindoutthemilesyettogotoapresetdestinationandtheestimatedarrivaltime.Thebestautowillcontainasmallportablephonecapableofreachinganynumberintheworldinseconds,automaticbrakingandaminiradartoavoidcollisions.　7)Inschools,computerswillbemorecommonthanslideprojectors,moviefilmprojectorsandtaperecorders.They"llbeusedfromthemomentschoolopens,throughbreak,throughlunchperiod,andtotheclosingoftheschool.　8)Thecomputerrevolutionisstimulatingintellects,liberatinglimbsandpushingmankindtoahigherlevelofexistence.Ⅱ.　1)Thebreakthroughinmicroelectronicswillchangepeople"slivesinwaysnoonehaseverthoughtofbefore.　2)Althoughatpresentonlytherichmancanaffordcustommadegoods，theaveragepersonwillbeabletoaffordtheminthefuture．　3)Thecomputermightappeartomakehumanbeingsmachinelike，butitcanbringsomehumanqualitiesintoourlivesaswell．　4)PersonalserviceinmedicalcareisregardedasthemostimportantpartoftheAmericanlife．　5)ItistheyoungAmericanswhowillgainmostoftheadvantagesfromtheelectronicrevolution．　6)Rightnow，millionsofAmericancomputerusersarenotabletomakefulluseofthecomputer．Ⅲ．Seethetranslationofthetext．Ⅳ．　1)微生物学　　2)微型电路　　3)缩微胶卷；缩微照片　　4)显微图；微动扩大器；微写器　　5)密纹唱片　　6)显微照片；缩微照片　　7)显微阅读器　　8)微秒(百万分之一秒)　　9)使微小化；使超小化　　l0)微波V．　1)miniradar超小型雷达　　2)superpower超级大国　　3)miniskirt超短裙　　4)minipants超短裤　　5)superfine过分精细的，(商品)特级的 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　　6)minibus小型公共汽车，面包车　　7)superhighfrequency超高频率　　8)superhighway超级公路　　9)superhuman超人的，神的，超过常人的　　10)minicamera小型照相机Ⅵ．　1)car　　2)car　　3)car　　4)cigarettes　　5)taperecorder(radio，TVset，stereo—equipment，etc．)　　6)tea　　7)watches　　8)camera　　9)airplane　　10)lifejacketⅦ．miraclechips，silicon，calculatingcapability，microcomputer,screen,read-out,keys,terminal,memorybank,compute,computerroom,microelectronicrevolution,homecomputersystem,computerize,householdcomputer,program,informationmanagementsystem,computerTV,microprocessor,magicalbeasts,asiliconcircuit.Ⅷ.　1)assumed,shouldered　　2)vast,huge,hulking　　3)hugeburdensofdrudgery,avastarrayoftasks　　4)conducted　　5)intime　　6)amazing　　7)order　　8)punch(press,push)abutton　　9)wandered　　10)tocalculateIX.　1)read-out　　2)becomputerized　　3)automakers　　4)apparatus　　5)appliances　　　6)computers　　　7)vacuumtubes　　8)capabilities　　9)applications　　　10)siliconchips,microcomputer-controlled　　11)calculation　　　　12)information　　　　13)program.Ⅹ.　1)Inadditiontodataprocessing,themoderncomputershavethecapabilitiesofmakingdecisionsandchoices.2)Thisdeviceiscapableofsendingmessagestotheotherhemispherewithinacoupleofseconds.　3)Thenewproductsarebeingmass-produced.　4)Thestudentsarecollectinginformationassociatedwithmicrotechnology.　5)Inwhatwaysdoyouthinkthemechanizationinagriculturewillaffectthelifeofthepeasantsinourcountry?　6)Pleasegivemearundownoflastweek"snews.　7)Theadoptionofcomputersmadeitpossibleforthemtoperformtheirtaskwithhighefficiencyandspeed.　8)Inafewyears,theTVsetwillbewithinthereachoftheaveragefamily.　9)Calculatinginstrumentswereinexistencelongago．Anditwasfromthosepastcalculatorsthatmoderncomputersevolved．10)Despitetheircountlesscapabilities，themiraclechipsmustbeprogrammedbyhumanbeings?　11)Itisestimatedthatbytheendofthisyeartherewillbe120000machinemen(robots1workingatvariouspostsinserviceofthehumanrace．　12)Thisinstrumentisportable，thereforeconvenientfortheprospectors?13)I"mafraidyourTVsetneedsrepairing：Itseemsthere1ssomethingwrongwiththe 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理tube．Ⅺ．　电子计算机包括以下五个基本部分：　输入端：这部分将从各种装置获得的信息译成计算机懂得的电码。最初的计算机采用穿孔卡片送人输入端。现在，这样的卡片以及穿孔带仍在使用，但增补了其他方法，其中包括磁带、磁盘和磁鼓。　存储器：信息就贮存在这部分里以供计算机其他部分需要时使用。现代化计算机最常见的存储器是各种磁芯制成的。这种磁芯存储器正在被微型集成电路块上的半导体存储器所取代。　运算和逻辑部分：计算机依靠这部分来处理、指导、加工大量的信息。计算机在这里对数字和数据进行运算和操纵。　控制器：这是计算机的交通警，它使指令贮存在存储器中并对指令进行解释。它调节存储器、运算和逻辑部分以及这些部分之间信息的流动。它还命令经过加工的数据从存储器移动到输出端。　输出端：这部分把经过加工的数据译成可以控制各式各样装置的电冲。这样，输出端可以采用文字或数字两种读出形式，显示在高速打字机上或明亮的阴极射线管上。YIT．Omitted．XIII．　　　　　　　　　TheRoletheComputersWillPlayinOurFourModernizations　Whenthecomputersarewidelyused，wemayhavelargenumbersofcomputerizedrobotswhichmakeourliveseasier.　Someofthem,likethepocketcalculator,canworkmuchmorequicklythanhumanbeingscan.Andtheyrarelymakemistakes.　Insomewaysrobotsarebetterthanpeople.Theyworkquickly,butdonotmakemistakes.Theydonotgetboreddoingthesamejoboverandoveragain.Andtheynevergettired.　Sorobotsareveryusefulinfactories.Theycanbetaughttodomanydifferentjobs.Atfirst,theirelectronicbrainsmustbeshownhowthejobisdone.Apersonmovestherobot"s"arms"and"hands"througheachpartofthejob.Therobot"sbrainre-memberseachmove.Whentherobotisputtoworkonitsown,itsbraincontrolstherods,wheelsandmotorswhichmoveitsarm.Whentherobotisneededforanewjob,itselectronicmemoryis"wipedclean".Thenitistaughthowtodoitsnewtask.　Robotsarealsousedfordoingjobswhicharedangerous.Theycanmoveobjectswhicharetoohotortooheavyforpeopletohandle.Theycanworkinplaceswhicharetoohotortoocoldforpeople.Andtheyarenotaffectedbypoisonousfumesorgases.Inscientificresearch,theymaybeusedfordoingsuchjobsashandlingradioactivematerials.　Inshort,thecomputerswillplayanimportantroleinourfourmodernizations.Withtheirhelp,wewillberelievedoftedious,hardordangerousworkandhavemoretimeformorechallengingandvaluablethingsorevenforentertainment. 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理Lesson8AnInteractiveLifeI.　1)Aninteractivelifeofthefuturewillbeextremelyconvenientandproductive,andahugeamountofinformationwillbeavailableatthetouchofabutton,everythingfromairlineschedulestoesotericscientificjournalstovideoversionsofBroadway.　2)Steppingintothepastmakesuswellawareofthegreatdifferencebetweenthepastandthepresent.Andthepresentwillbecomethepastofthefuture,sowecanimaginewhatthefuturewillbe.　3)Sinceanyonecanrecordnewswithavideo-cameraandputitontheuniversalnetworkforeverybodyelsetosee,thereisnolongeranyneedfornewsanchormanlikePeterJennings.　4)Ifyouwanttoseeafilm,youdon"tneedtorentatapeandplayitonyourVCR.Instead,youmaypickonefromthecatalogshownontheTVandphonethelibrarytohaveitbeamedtoyou.Thosegamefansmaydoitinthesamewaybycontactinganotherelectroniclibrarywhichhasalargenumberofvideotapeswithrecordingsoftheactualshootingsandkillingsseeninvideogameshops.Thosewhowanttodoshoppingathomedonotneedtolookthroughcatalogspublishedbyclothingcompanies.Theymaywatchvideocatalogswithmodelsdisplayingclothesofthenewestfashionfromvariousangles.　5)Itisnotconsideredgenuineinteractivitybecauseitisnotnovelenoughwithbutonestepbeyondpassiveviewing.Itisstillthetraditionalformofsittingonthecouchwatching.　6)Thatmeansaviewerhasaccesstothousandsofchannelsdeliveredthroughsomecombinationofcable,telephone,satelliteandcellularnetworks,whichprovidedatafromcomputer-basedarchivesandinformationservices.　7)Becauseausermightstandinfrontofamonitorreceiverandjusttalkandlisten,communicatingwithwhateverorwhomeversomedistanceaway.　8)Itmeansanactorconditionofmovingtowardsthesameplace,result.　9)BecausetheywereafraiditsuserwouldgetoneofSenatorProxmire"sGoldenFleeceawards.　10)Fibreopticswillstopelectronichighwaysfromgettingcrowdedanddigitalizationcantranslateallkindsofdataintothesimplestformofnumberandletter.　11)Intelligentagentsareartificialdeviceswhichcansolveproblems,directconductbyreasoningandwhichcanfunctionproperly.　12)Becausetobuildandmaintaintheinformationhighwayatpresentrequiresalargesumofmoneyandahugeamountofotherinvestment.II.　1)Heimaginedthatthemachinecouldrecordinformalcommunicationbetweendepartmentsinacompanybutotherpeoplethoughtitcouldbeusedtorecordmusic. 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　2)Sincelargesumsofmoneyhavebeenspentonanideawhichismainlyintheplanningstage,sincegreathopeshavebeenputonsuchanidea,therecertainlyisalotofexaggeratedpublicity.　3)Forexample,youfilmavideowhichyouthinkhasspecialartisticpretensions.　4)-"evenforthosewhofirmlybelieveinthis,itisdifficulttoworkoutthedetailsofhowitwillactuallyfunction.　5)anotherelectronicLibrarywhichhasalargenumberofvideotapeswithrecordingsoftheactualshootingsandkillingsavailableinvideogameshops　6)Itisjustonestepbeyondpassiveviewing.Itisstillthetraditionalformofsittingonthecouchwatching.　7)orderingfilmswhichyouwillpayforwatchingandgettingbillspiledupbydoingshoppingathomepayingwithcreditcards　8)Futureprogramsmaybethetechnologicaldescendantsoftoday"sCD-ROMdiscs.　9)"Interactivity"forthetimebeingmaybethemostusedwordwhichhaslittlemeaningbutsoundsimpressivetooutsiderswhile"convergence"follows"interactivity"closelyinthesecondplaceinfrequency.　10)AtPresent,politiciansstartingfromPresidentClintonallthewaydowntolower-levelofficialsareeagerandwillingtostatethattheyareforthenewmedium.　11)Thesolutiontotheproblemist0usefiberoptics?　12)Digitsaredigits．Digitsarereallywonderful?　13)Trytothinkwhattheconversationwouldbelike：“Ihavegotauserwhowillsuityoufine!”　14)Interactivitymaywidenthegapbetweenthosepeopleornationswithrelativelymuchwealthorrichresourcesandthosewithout．thosewhohaveaccesstothenetworkandthosewhocannotaffordtousetheinformationhighway?Ⅲ．Seethetranslationofthetext．Ⅳ．　1)personalcomputer私人电脑　2)differentialaptitudetest鉴别能力倾向测验　3)computeraideddesigning计算机辅助设计　4)computeraidedmanufacturing计算机辅助制造　5)UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme联合国发展方案(联合国发展署)　6)UnitedNationsInstituteforTrainingandResearch联合国训练研究所　7)WorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织(联合国)　8)unidentifiedflyingobject不明飞行物，飞碟　9)InternationalMonetaryFund国际货币基金组织　10)mostfavorednation最惠国　11)SpecialDrawingRights(国际货币基金组织的)特别提款权　12)freeonboard装运港船上交货V．　1)media，bacteria，phenomena，strata 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　2)species，fish，deer，sheep　3)potatoes．heroes。volcanoes，tomatoes，Negroes，ghetto(e)s　4)analyses，crises，theses，geneses　5)stimuli，genii，loci，alumniⅥ．　information，data，network，intelligentagent，datahighway，electroniclibrary，interactivemodels，fakeinteractive，trueinteractive，televisioncables，fiber—opticcables，aTVmonitor，harddisc，compactdiscs，multimedia。computer—basedarchives，informationservices，programmedelectronicselectors，videotelephony，datatransmittal，digitalization。Pulsesoflight，unimedia，artificialintelligence．informationhigh—way，universalinformationlibraryⅦ．　1)杰出人物统治论　　　　　　　　　2)类似人民党主义的主张　3)恐怖主义　　　　　　　　　　4)穷人，贫民　5)民族主义　　　　　　　　　　　6)酒精中毒　7)多种文化融合论　　　　　　　　　8)象征主义，象征手法　9)多元论　　　　　　　　　　　10)唯一神教派　11)无产阶级性ⅤⅢ．　1)院际　　　　　　　　　2)洲际　3)可互相转换的　　　　　　　4)在不同文化之间的　5)跨学科的　　　　　　　6)异族(不同宗教、人种问)的通婚　7)间奏曲，幕间演出　　　　　　　8)相互影响　9)相互联系　　　　　　10)望远镜　11)电传排字机　　　　　　　12)电传　13)心灵感应的　　　　　　　　14)技术统治论　15)专家政治论者　　　　　　　16)技术发展史　17)多极的　　　　　　　　　18)多能的，多用途的　19)在许多州有分公司的　　　　　20)大型综合性大学　21)一维的，一度的　　　　　22)单方面的　23)不分男女的　　　　　　　24)单一的，单元的，一致的　25)一年两次的　　　　　　　26)双语的Ⅸ．　1)competitor竞争者　2)transmitter发报者　3)receiver收件人　4)terminator(月球、星球的)明暗界线　5)inventor发明者　 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理6)recorder录音机　7)sticker屠夫；背面有粘胶的标签　8)carrier搬运人，递送人；航空母舰．　9)creator创造者；(大写)造物主　10)conductor售票员；(乐队)指挥　11)locker(公共场所供单人存放衣帽等用的)柜，小室　12)locator定位器，探测器　13)regulator管理者；调节器　14)detector发觉者；探测器　15)synthesizer合成物　16)condenser冷凝器，电容器　17)indicator指示物，指示器　18)controller审计官；调节器　19)sensor传感器　20)selector挑选者；波段开关X．　1)TherearenoticketsavailableforSaturday"sperformance，let"sdosomethingelsefortheweekend．　2)Thedressisavailableinallsizes．　3)Tomyknowledge．thisisthemostpracticalprogramtheyhaveeverconceivedof．　4)Thechildrenhavelotsoffunplayingthevideogames．　5)Theplayatthetheatrewasverypoorfun．Wehardlylaughedata11．　6)Rightnow．“tailoring”isthebuzzwordinexecutivesuitesofmultinationalcorporations．　7)Theprogramsofthemusicradiosuccessfullycatertothedifferenttypesofinterestandtasteamongthelistenersofvaryingbackgrounds．　8)Sometabloidsaretryinghardtocatertothelowtasteofsomereadersforthesakeofmakingmoney．　9)Thisoilrefineryhasacapacityofaboutonemilliontonsofpetroleumayear．　10)Astadiumwithaseatingcapacityof80000isunderconstruction．　11)Itisthefirsttimefortheresearchershaveaccesstothevaluablearchives.　12)Onlyafewpeoplehadaccesstothedetailsofthecase.　13)Thefrontiersofmedicalsciencearebeingpushedfartheronwardsastimegoeson.　14)Thetworivalscompetedwitheachothersofiercelythattheykepttabsoneverymoveoftheopponent.　15)Theparentsarepinningalltheirhopesontheirson,sothey"vedecidedtosendhimtoanexpensiveprivateschool.　16)Heiskeenonallkindsofnewthingsandhaspreferenceforcomputers.XI.　1)Hawkinssaysthework-at-homemarketcouldbecomputerbasedandprovideamarketforteleconferencingandportablecomputingdevices,likethedevicewith 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理NewtonasitsnamewhichishighlyrecommendedbyApplechairmanJohnSculley.　2)Thecowboysroundupcattlewhiletheconsumersroundupdata.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbyalargeamountofincomingdata,theviewerwilldependonanelectronicdevicewithcodedinstructionstochoosefromthemassofin-formationthekindofthingsheneeds.　3)…thewires,cablesoraircannolongercarrysuchgreatnumberofsignals.　4)Maesandothersadmitthatthere"sadisadvantagetoallthesedreams.　5)Certainlytheseelectronicdevicesareaprecioussourceofvaluableinformation.　6)Ifthatisthesituation,thebestthingtodoistojoininforfutureChanges.XII.　prosper,constantly||being,what,computer,suite,computer-wise,artificial,that,reports||like,same,set,case,orchestrates,overall,judgment||up,best,automate,not,robots,also,automation,neurocomputers||computerized,worth,have,1995,way,escape,intelligence,basic,aXIII.Omitted.XIV.　　　　　　　　　　　　TheImpactofScienceandTechnologyonHumanCivilization　Artcreationisanunconquerableurgethatcanbefoundineveryhumanculture.Eversinceourancestorsfingerpaintedonthewallsofcaves,thetechnologyofarthasbeenimproving.Chisels,brushes,paints,canvas,pencils,pastels,forges,foundries,cameras--allaretheproductsoftechnology.Whenourspecieswishestomakesomethingbeautiful,itfirstconstructstools.　Recently,anewtoolofconstitutingapotentialrevolutioninthefutureofarthasarrived:theelectroniccomputerisabletostore,accessandmanipulatelargeamountsofdataandlargenumbersofpictureelements.Thefieldofcomputerartisstillinitsearlieststagesbutalreadydisplaysimmensepromise.Inprinciple,computerscancreateworksrecognizableinthestyleoftheoldmasters,aswellasartofakindneverbeforeimagined.　Theopportunitiesopentogiftedartistswhoarealsoexpertprogrammersareunlimited.Thisis,atleastsofar,anusualcombination,however--perhapsbecausetherighthemisphereofthecerebralcortexismainlyresponsiblefortheoverallconceptualizationsessentialforart,whiletheleftisprimarilyinchargeoftheanalyticthinkingnecessaryofprogramming.　Inanothercentury,thesenseofincongruitythatmanyofusfeelaboutmixingcomputerswithseriousaftwillbeoutofdate.Creatingworksofartwithelectroniccomputerswillbeonthemainstreamofthehistoryofartand,indeed,onthemainstreamofthehistoryofhumanity.Lesson9MirrorofAmerica 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理I.　1)BecausehisliteraryworkssuchastwonovelsaboutHuckFinnandTomSawyerarelovedbyAmericans,whoimaginehewasadventurous,patriotic,romantic,andhumorous.　2)Beforehebecameawriter,heworkedasatrampprinter,riverpilot,Confederateguerrilla,prospector,andreporter.Hehaddonevariedjobs.　3)Headoptedhispennamefromthecryheardinhissteamboatdays,signalingtwofathomsofwater.　4)Hebecameapilotonasteamboatin1857andstayedthereforfourandahalfyears.Therehelearnedalotabouthumannatureandgainedakeenperceptionofthehumanrace.Thisexperienceimmenselyenrichedhiswriting.　5)Helefttherivercountrybecausethedevelopmentofrailroad,renderedsteamboatpilotslessnecessaryandtheCivilWarbegan,stoppingcommerce.ThenhebecameaConfederateguerrilla.　6)ThecelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty.　7)BecauseitwasabookcenteredonsatirizingEuropeandtheHolyLand,arousingintenseinterestamongAmericans.　8)BecauseitisaclassictaleofAmericanboyhooddescribingTom"smischievousdaring,ingenuity,andthesweetinnocenceofhisaffectionforBeckyThatcher.　9)Personaltradegymadehimbecomebitterlateinlife.Ⅱ.　1)amanwhobecameconstantlypreoccupiedbythemoralweaknessesofmankind　2)MarkTwainfirstobservedandabsorbedthenewAmericanexperience,andthenintroduceittotheworldinhisbooksorlectures.　3)Inhisnewprofessionhecouldmeetpeopleofallkinds.　4)Withnomoneyandafrashatedfeeling,heacceptedajobasreporterwithTerritorialEnterpriseinVirginiaCity,...　5)MarkTwainbeganworkinghardtobecamewellknownlocallyasanewspaperreporterandhumorist.　6)andwhenCaliforniamakesaplanforanewsurprise,thesolemnpeopleinotherstatesoftheU.S.smileasusual,makingacomment"that"stypicalofCalifornia"　7)Themanwhohadmadetheworldlaughwashimselfconsumedbybitterness.Ⅲ.Seethetranslationofthetext.IV.　1)compoundnouns　　a)n.+n.:steamboat,pilothouse,keelboat,waterside,railroad,stagecoach,pickax,gold-fields,notebook,milestone,newspaper,bathtub,etc.　　b)adj.(adv.,prep.)+n.:flatboat,hotbed,best-seller,rough-country,everything,downstream,etc.　　c)gerund+n.:mining-camp　2)compoundadjectives 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　　a)adj.+n.(-ed):starry-eyed,acid-tongued,etc.　　b)adv.+pastparticiple:best-loved　　c)n.+presentparticiple:energy-sapping　　d)v.+adv.:runaway攀登英语网www.5pds.com提供V.　1)pessimist　　　2)civilized　　　3)dull　　　4)toaccept　　　5)lazily　　　6)energetic,alert　　　7)todeny　　　8)small,tiny　　　9)interesting　　　10)cheerfulVI.　riverpilot,valleyoftheMississippiRiver,mainarteryoftransportation,keelboat,flatboat,largeraft,downstream,steamboat,steamboatdeck,stream.Ⅶ.　1)trampprinter　　　2)riverpilot　　　3)penname　　　4)steamboatdays　　　5)MississippiRiver　　　6)deltacountry　　　7)cubpilot　　　8)pilothousetalk　　　9)medicineshows　　　lO)watersideslums　　　ll)steamboatdecks　　　12)steamboattrade　　　13)rivercountry　　　14)goldandsilverfever　　　15)Virginiacity　　　16)newspaperreporter　　　17)citygovernment　　　18)SacramentoValley　　　19)rough-countrysettlers　　　20)mining-campmeals　　　21)CalaverasCounty　　　22)pleasurecruise　　　23)UnitedStatescitizens　　　24)Californianewspaper　　　25)arttreasures　　　26)bookversion　　　27)boyhoodadventures　　　28)stageplay　　　29)towndrunkard　　　30)raftflight　　　31)steamboatexplosion32)heartattackⅧ．　1)romantic意为“浪漫的”；sentimental意为“伤感的”或“易感伤的”；humorous意为“幽默的”或“风趣的”；witty意为“机智的”或“聪颖的”。　2)cynic意为“愤世嫉俗者”；critic意为“批评家”或“评论家”。　3)lumber指已加工成条、块、板等的木料；timber往往指未经加工的木头。在美语里，timber指适用于建房造船等的木头，无论是加过工的还是未加过工的树都包括在内；而在英国英语里，这两个词意思相同。　4)proclaim指正式宣布或宣称；claim表示对一项权利的要求和维护。　5)demand本为经济术语，与supply相对，即常说的“供需”；need为通用词，意为“需要”。halt比stop更具体，暗指短暂的停止。　6)mistreatment指错误地对待；ill-treatment指虐待。　7)consequence常指不良后果或结果；result为常用词。　8)dreary指使人情绪低落，精神萎糜不振；tedious指单调，持续时间长，从而使人厌倦。　9)apleasurecruise指旅游者乘船观光游览，不一定船上的人都玩得高兴；apleasant 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理cruise指乘船玩得很高兴，不一定是旅游。　10)correspondent指某报纸杂志电台等驻外地甚至外国的记者(reporter)。注意，correspond本指通信联系。　11)robust指身强体壮、精力充沛的；healthy仅指健康无病。　12)desperation指因失望(despair)而表现出气急败坏的状态。Ⅸ．　1)father：author，creatorcruisethrougheternalboyhood：journeythroughlastingboyhoodendlesssummeroffreedomandadventure：longsummerfulloffreeandadventurousactivities　2)artery：mainrouteorchannel　3)castofcharacters：peopleofvarioussortscosmos：aplacewhereonecanfindallsortsofcharacters　4)current:stream(herenotagoodchoicefortheverbteam)　5)succumbedtotheepidemicofgoldandsilverfever:gavewayto(yieldedto,submittedto)thegoldandsilverrushprevailinginthatarea　6)flirtedwiththecolossalwealth""andwasrebuffed:didnottryhardorpersistentlyenoughtogetthecolossalwealth""failed　7)digginghiswaytoregionalfame:workinghardtogainregionalfame　8)honed:sharpened(Itisnotsuitabletosay"tosharpenone"smuscles".)X.　1)antithesis　　　2)euphemism　　　3)metonymy　　　4)alliteration　　　5)alliteration　　　6)personification　　　7)euphemism　　　8)antithesisXI.　1)Thearticledoesnottouchtheheartofthesubjectunderdiscussion.　2)Thenewlycompletedrailwayisthemainarteryfortrafficinthesouthwestofthatcountry.　3)ThatproblemproducedtwodifferentcurrentsofopinionamongtheCongressmen.　4)Theovercrowdedslumareaswereahotbedofdiseasesandvices.　5)Twain"ssourceofinspirationneverdriedup.　6)Livingintheenemycamphonedhiswits.Ⅻ.　1)eternalboyhood　2)endlesssummer　3)acosmos　4)amemorythatseemedphonographic　5)theepidemicofgoldandsilverfever　6)amilestoneinacountry"sdevelopment　7)Americalaughedwithhim.　8)…almostassuretobestudiedinAmericanschoolstodayasistheDeclarationofIndependence.　9)…amovingpanoramaforexplorationofAmerican 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理society　10)Twainfoundtheultimateexpressionofescapefrom…　ll)Personaltragedyhauntedhisentirelife...　12)Bitternessfedonthemanwhohadmadetheworldlaugh.XIII.　l)completely,entirely　2)bankrupt,penniless　3)organizing　4)developing,carryingthemoutathighspeed　5)asitscharacteristicis　6)wagered$50withastranger　7)exposedthefalsehoodof　8)castawayXIV.　1)Hewasobssessedwithfearofpoverty.　2)DongtingLaketeemswithfishandshrimps.　3)Tomwaseverybitasintelligentasthetopboyinhisclass.　4)Heisanacquaintanceofmine,butnotafriend.　5)Underpressure,hehadnootherchoicebutquitoffice.　6)Intheendhesuccumbedtoherpersuasionanddecidedtochangehisoriginalplan.　7)Manychildrensuccumbedtosmallpoxthen.　8)Muchtohishorror,hefoundthecabinflooded.　9)Thekidsdidextremelywellintheirexam,tothegreatsatisfactionofbothparentsandteachers.　10)That"sPeterallover.　11)Notuntilmidnightdidthesurgeonfinishtheoperation.　12)Thehistorycoursehasacquaintedmewithancientcivilizations.　13)Theoldwritershapedthefolktaleintoafilmscenario.　14)ThedauntlessrevolutionaryspiritoftheChinesepeoplefindsfullexpressioninthenewplay.XV.Omitted.XVI.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　MarkTwainMarkTwainwasthepennameofSamuelLanghorneClemens.HewasborninthesmallvillageofFlorida,MissourionNovember30,1835.HisfamilymovedtoHannibalwhenSamuelwas4,wherehespenthisboyhood,fascinatedbytheromanceandimpressedbytheviolenceofriverlife.Samhadrelativelylittleschooling.Heleftschoolat13,andbecameafull-timeapprenticetoaprinter.At18,hebecameatrampprinterandwenttoNewYork,thentoPhiladelphiaandWashington,andfinallytoIowatosettypeforhisbrother"slocalpaper.At22,hebecameasteamboatpilot"sapprentice.Abouttwo 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理yearslater,hebecameapilothimself.HeworkedontheMississippiRivertill1861,learningalotabouthumannature.In1861,whentheCivilWarbrokeout,hebecameaConfederateguerrillabutretiredaftertwoweeks.ThenhewenttotheWest,andworkedasaprospector,miner,andspeculator,butfailed.Andthenhedidreportingforlocalpapers.InFebruary,1863,hebegantousethepennameMarkTwain,ariverman"stermforwaterthatwasjustbarelysafefornavigation.In1865,TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCountywaspublishedandhebecamefamous.Hemarriedin1870,andmovedtoHartford,Conn.,wherehelivedhismostproductiveyears(till1891),duringwhichhewroteTomSawyerandHuckleberryFinn.Besidesthesetwochildren"sclassics,hewrotemanyotherimportantworksinhislife,amongwhichwereRoughingIt,TheGildedAge,ThePrinceandPauper,TheOneMillion,Bank-NoteandOtherStories,TheManthatCorruptedHadleyburyandOtherStoriesandSketches.Hediedin1910.Lesson10TheTrialThatRockedtheWorldI．　1)Inthe1920s，whenhewasateacheratasecondaryschoolinDayton，alittletowninthemountainsofTenessee，hewaschargedwithteachingevolutionandhadtobepresentinthecourt．Thetrial。however，rockedtheworld．Afterthetrial，hestudiedattheUniversityofChicagoandbecameageologistforanoilcompanylater．　2)Thestruggleswereinfactstrugglesbetweenignoranceandwisdom．religionandscience．Thatshowedthespreadofscienceandtruthwasnoeasytask．3)Becausetheresultwouldeffectthewholecountry，eventheworld．　4)DarrowandMalonethoughtthattheBiblecouldco—existwiththeEvolutionTheoryanditwasacceptableforaChristiontobeanevolutionist．Besides，theBibleshouldnotbeinterpretedandacceptedliterally．Bryanjustthoughttheoppositeway.　5)Thetrialbeganwithprayerbyalocalminister.Thisshowedtheconnectionofthereligion(Christianity)withthelaw.Among12jurorsthreehadneverreadanybookexcepttheBible.Onecouldn"tread.Thatshowedthatthereligionandignoranceplayanimportantroleinthelaw.Judgingbythefactabove,thelawandlegalproce-duresintheU.S.atthattimewerenotsensible.　6)JohnScopeslostthecaseinthecourt,buthewoninarealsense.　7)WecannottaketheBibleliterally.Actuallythereissomethinginconsistentinit.Itcanbeacceptedasareligiousbookwhoseinterpretationshouldnotbedefinedbysomepeopleonly.　8)Thisarticleisintendedtodrawtheworld"sattentiontotheEvolutionTheoryandpersuadepeoplenottobestubbornlyhostiletoscience.II.　1)Wehavesomecleverandunexpectedtacticsandwewillsurprisetheminthetrial.　2)Thecasehadcomedownuponmeunexpectedlyandviolently. 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　3)Thefundamentalistsbelieveinaword-for-wordacceptanceofwhatissaidintheBible.　4)thatalllifehaddevelopedgraduallyfromacommonoriginalorganism　5)Let"saccuseScopesofteachingevolutionandletthecourtdecidewhetherheisbreakingthelawornot.　6)Peoplefromthenearbymountains,mostlyfundamentalists,cametosupportBryanagainstthoseprofessors,scientists,andlawyerswhocamefromthenorthernbigcitiesandwerenotfundamentalists.　7)Asmyfathercomplainedangrily,"That"snojuryatall."8)Heisherebecauseunenlightenmentandprejudicearewidespreadandunchecked.　9)Peoplehadtopayinordertohavealookattheapeandtoconsidercarefullywhetherapesandhumanscouldhaveacommonancestry.　10)andthecrowd,whoweremainlyfundamentalists,tookhiswordsshowingnofearasiftheywereprayers,interruptingfrequentlywith"Amen"Ⅲ.Seethetranslationofthetext.Ⅳ.　1)legalterms:court,defence,criminallawyer,leadingcouncelfortheprosecution,statelegislature,trial,testify,ajurytrial,case,indict,theU.S.SupremeCourt,defend,presidingjudge,attorney-general,openthesession,juror,legality,witness,evidence,accuse,adjourn,verdict,jurymen,guilty,conviction　2)religiousterms:fundamentalists,modernists,theOldTestament,fundamentalism,theBible,agnostic,Catholic,Jew,infidel,God,Amen,Genesis"Ⅴ.　1)Todaytheteachersareputontrialbecausetheyteachscience,soonthemagazines,booksandnewspaperswillnotbeallowedtoexpressnewideas.　2)"Itisdoubtfulwhetherman(ratherthefundamentalist)hasreasoningpower,"Darrowsaidinacontemptuousway.　3)TheChristianbelievesthatGodinheavenmadehumanbeingbuttheevolutionistthinkshumanbeingscomefromlowlyanimals.Theimplicationisthereisnothinglofty,nobleabouthumanbeingsintheeyesoftheevolutionist.　4)Thisisapun,i.e.playingonwords.Thissentencemayhavetwodifferentinterpretations,dependingonhowyoureadit.Ifyoupausebeforethedash,itmeansDarwin,thenaturalistiscorrect.Ifyoureadoutthewholesentence,itmeansDarwintheshopownerisdirectlyinside.　5)Eventheapeshudderedwhenitrealizedthatitmightsharethesameancestrywithhumanbeings(especiallythefundamentalists).　6)Maloneconsideredthedefeatablessingindisguise,althoughScopeswasfoundguilty,theyhadsucceededindrawingtheattentionofthepeopleallovertheUnitedStatestothisissue.　7)Thestatementconveysfalsemodestyaboutbeingwiththepeopleandindicates 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理regionalnarrow-mindednessandbigotry.　8)Thisshowsthatthejurorswereignorant,prejudicedandnarrowminded.Therecouldn"tbeafairandimpartialtrial.　9)Bryan"sroleisself-appointed.ThereisnoneedforBryantoactasthespokesman.Ifathingistrueitdoesnotneedanyone,leastofallBryan,todefendit.　10)Bryanwasdeadagainstknowledge,Scienceandnewideas,soitwasironicaltonameauniversityafterhimbecausethefunctionofauniversitywastospreadknowl-edge,scienceandnewideas.Ⅵ.　1)snowball:metaphor;growordeveloprapidly　2)circusatmosphere:metaphor;riotousholidayspirit　3)sprout:metaphor;groworspringupquickly　4)spar:metaphor;fightwithwords,engageinargument　5)thunder:metaphor;sayloudlyandangrily　6)likeaprairiefire:simile;spreadingquickly,rapidlyandovercomingallobstacles　7)scorch:metaphorwither,thoroughlydefeathotbreathofhisoratory:metaphor;thefieryspeech,thecausticcondemnation　8)aduel:metaphor;alifeanddeathstruggle　9)astormofapplause：metaphor；loudapplausebymanypeople　10)theoratoricalduel：metaphor；thespeechcontest　11)springthetrumpcard：metaphor；takethemostdecisivecourseofactionwhichonebelievescannotfail　12)oratoricalstorm，blewup：metaphors；thegreatdebatethattookplacelikeafreshwind：simile；broughtnewandhealthychanges．ThegreatdebateinitiatedbyClarenceDarrowandDudleyFieldMaloneinthelittlecourtinDaytonbroughtnewandhealthychangesthroughouttheschoolsandlegislativeofficesoftheUnitedStatesⅦ．　1)hyperbole　　　2)transferredepithet　　　3)synecdoche　　　4)ridicule　　　5)sarcasm　　　6)irony　　　7)sarcasm　　　8)antithesis　　　9)hyperbole　　　10)ridicule，simile　　　11)ridicule1　　　2)oxy-moranⅧ．　1)初级法院的裁决有利于父母，后来又作了相反的裁决。　2)立法部门制订法律，行政部门执行法律，司法部门解释法律。　3)三个证人出庭作证，证明他无罪。　4)他们呼吁速由一个公正的陪审团进行公审。　5)在美国法院，证人宣誓照实直说时，要把一只手放在《圣经》上。　6)自助者，上帝助之。　7)不管什么种族、民族和宗教信仰，在法律面前，法官应一视同仁。 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　8)Barristers是在法庭上进行控告或辩护的律师。　9)作为原告辩护律师，他就要尽力证明被告有罪。作为被告辩护律师，他就要为被告辩护。Ⅸ.　1)Atthattimemetaphysicswasrampant．　2)Ididnotanticipatethat1wouldgetinvolvedinthisdispute　3)Youmustinvolveyourselfintheworkifyouwanttolearnsomething.　4)Thejurybroughtinaverdictofguiltyandthejudgesentencedhimtothreeyears"imprisonment.　5)RacialdiscriminationstillexistsinvariousformsintheUnitedStatesthoughracialsegregationisagainstthelaw.　6)Ithinkwecanreconcilethetwoviews.　7)Heseemedreconciledtotheidea.　8)Thespectators"heartswentouttothedefendant.　9)TheLondonpapersexpressedtheviewthatthecollapseofNaziGermanywasathand.　10)Heestimatedthenumberofscoutsonhandasrangingfromthreetofive.　11)Theprojectgotunderwaysoonafterthesigningofthecontract.X.　criminal,guilt,defendant,legal,defence,afford,at,prison,prepared||trial,cross-examine,prosecution,witnesses,attend,compelled,court,counsel,right||jury,evidence,accused,verdict,innocence,unammous,majority||appeal,tried,offenceXI.Omitted.XII.　　Becauseofthewordingoftheanti-evolutionlaw,theprosecutionhadtobelievethattheBiblemustbeinterpretedwordforword.AndDarrowspranghistrumpcardbycallingBryanasawitnessforthedefence.Bryanagreed.DarrowreadfromGenesis:"Andtheeveningandthemorningwerethefirstday."ThenheaskedBryanifhebelievedthatthesunwascreatedonthefourthday.Bryanansweredyes.Darrowasked,"Howcouldtherehavebeenamorningandeveningwithoutanysun?"Atthis,Bryandidnotknowwhattosay.DarrowthenaskedifhebelievedliterallyinthestoryofEve.Bryanansweredyes.Darrowasked,"Andyoube-lievethatGodpunishedtheserpentbycondemningsnakesforeveraftertocrawlupontheirbellies?""Ibelievethat.""Well,haveyouanyideahowthesnakewentbeforethattime?"ThismadeBryanangry."Yourhonour,"hesaid."IwillanswerallMr.Darrow"squestionsatonce.IwanttheworldtoknowthatthismanwhodoesnotbelieveinGodisusingaTennesseecourttocastslursonHim.-.""Iobjecttothatstatement,"Darrowshouted."IamexaminingyouonyourfoolideasthatnointelligentChristianonearthbelieves."Thespectatorsburstintoabrawl.Thejudgeusedhisgavelto 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理calmthemdownandadjournedcourtuntilnextday.Lesson11ButWhat"saDictionaryFor?I.　1)theAtlantic.a"disappointment",a"shock",a"calamity","ascandalandadisaster".theNewYorkTimes:speedingthedeteriorationofthelanguage.theJournaloftheAmericanBarAssociation:deplorable,aflagrantexampleoflexicographicirresponsibility,aseriousblowtothecauseofgoodEnglish.Life:anon-worddeluge,monstrous,abominable,acausefordismay.　2)Themakingofthedictionaryinvolves$3.5millionandtheeffortsofthreehundredscholarsoveraperiodoftwenty-sevenyears.　3)Betweentheappearanceofthesetwoeditions,thescienceofdescriptivelinguisticshascomeintobeing.Someofthemajorfeaturesofthescienceare:a)Atllanguagesaresystemsofhumanconventions,notsystemsofnaturallaws.b)Eachlanguageisuniqueinitspronunciation,grammar,andvocabulary,c)Alllanguagesaredynamicratherthanstatic,d)"Correctness"canrestonlyuponusage,andallusagesisrelative.　4)NewdictionariesareneededbecauseEnglishhaschangedmoreinthepasttwogenerationsthanatanyothertimeinitshistory.　5)HeusesfactstoshowthepopularpressisusingthelanguagethattheThirdInternationaldescribes,evenincludingtheveryeditorialswhichscornit.　6)HesaysmanyEnglishwordsmaybespelledandpronounced,withequalcorrectness,ineitherway.　7)Becausetheobviousisnotnecessarilyeasytodefine.　8)Yes,itcertainlyhassome.Ⅱ.　1)ashamelessexampleofirresponsibilityinmakingthedictionary　2)Whatcausestheabuseinthepopularpress?　3)Eachlanguagecannotbedescribedaccordingtootherlanguage,orevenbyitsownpast.　4)Everylivinglanguageisinaprocessofconstantchange.　5)Eveninspelling,whichissostableandhardlydebatable,adictionarycannotalwaysdecideabsolutelywhichisrightandwhichiswrong.　6)Adictionaryshouldrecordthefactwithoutbotheringwhetheritcansatisfythevanityofthosewhouseadictionarytoprovetheirunyieldingpositioninanargumentorhelpthosewhobetsomemoneyinsupportoftheirconviction.　7)Hasthedictionaryfailedtodoitsduty?　8)Lexicographyisascienceanditsjudgment,likethejudgmentofGod,cannotbeswayedbyanybodynomatterwhathighsocialpositionhemayoccupy.　9)Andthisisalsocomplicated,delicate,andalwayschanging.　10)TheeditorialaccusestheThirdInternationalofbeingpedanticallyandconfusinglywordy. 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理Ⅲ.Seethetranslationofthetext.IV.　1)anemia　　　2)anesthesia　　　3)behavior　　　4)favorite　　　5)check　　　6)center　　　7)meter　　　8)defense　　　9)dialog　　　10)gram　　　11)program　　　12)modeled　　　13)practice　　　14)maneuver　　　15)Moslem　　　16)fulfillV.　1)shame,disgrace　　　2)speeduptheloweringofthequality　　　3)horrible,shocking/disgusting,verybad　　　4)quotations　　　5)difference,disagreement　　　6)forces　　　7)removed,takenaway/irrelevant,notessential　　　8)givenup,neglected　　　9)listeners　　　10)wordiness　　　11)increase　　　12)removalVl.　1)toseesth.as　　　2)hoax　　　3)tocharge　　　4)tosetup　　　5)tofollow　　　6)quotation　　　7)tolimit　　　8)torecord　　　9)current　　　10)distinction　　　11)tobethebusinessofⅦ.　1)Liferegardedthedictionarybeingfullofwordsthathavenotcometobeaccepted.　2)Thedifference...isbynomeansinsignificant,itisbasic.　3)ModernlinguisticstakeLeonardBloomfield"sLanguage(1933)asitsauthority.　4)Butifso,hehasmadeunconsciouslyoneofthebiggestmistakesoneisliabletomakeindictionarymaking.　5)Anyonewhotriestosortoutthemanymeaningsnowincludedunderdoormayhavetosacrificebrevitytoaccuracy.　6)And,sureenough,inthedefinitionwhichmadethePostangry...Ⅷ.　1)alliterationandsarcasm　　　2)assonanceandantithesis　　　3)metonymy　　　4)metonymy　　　5)synecdoche　　　6)sarcasm　　　7)synecdocheIX.　1)Neverhasascholarlyworkofthisstaturebeenattackedwithsuchunbridledfuryandcontempt.　2)Isallthisafraud,ahoax?　3)Thefirst—andessential—stepinthestudyofanylanguageisobservingandsettingdownpreciselywhathappenswhennativespeakersspeakit．　4)Changeisconstant—andnormal．　5)Buthewants—andhasarightto—thetruth，thefulltruth．　6)Andthis，too，iscomplex，subtle，andforever 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理changing．　7)Thefineprintinthelease…-andtherentiscomputedonthenumberofrooms．　8)Butonethingiscertain：anyonewho…nonsense．Ⅹ．　1)我们已达成了协议。　2)他总是从钱的角度考虑问题。　3)谈到这个男孩时他们总是赞扬。　4)从那时起两国一直保持着友好关系。　5)你必须把这件事记在他的帐上。　6)我们把成功归于你的帮助。　7)他的父母帮他开设了律师事务所。　8)他们被大雾耽搁了。　9)工作是困难的，但你一定要坚持下去。　10)她改行搞演唱了。Ⅺ．　1)TheGardenofHarmoniousInterestwasmodelledonagardeninWuxi．　2)HecalledonthechildrentomodelthemselvesonthePLAheroes．　3)Thisworkmayberelegatedtophilosophy．　4)BenjaminFranklinwasasmuchascientistandaninventorasastatesman．　5)Hesetdownallthefindingsofeveryexperimentinhisnotebook．　6)Canyousumupthecentralideaofthisancientpoeminplainterms?　7)Weshouldconstantlyadaptourthinkingtothechangingconditions.　8)Theyoungsoldierwasfrozentodeathinthesnow,hishandsstillhangingontothegun.　9)Thesaidcompanywillfurnishthemwithlodgingandtransportation.　10)Thespeedofmotorvehiclesisrestrictedto55km.perhour.　11)Thecablemessageconveyedthedeepestconcernofthepeopleinthecapitalforthoseinthequake-afflictedareas.　12)Whatcanyouinferabouttheauthorfromthearticleit-self?　13)Shehasapreferenceforclassicalmusic.　14)TheteacherurgesthestudentstouseEnglish-EnglishdictionariesinpreferencetoEnglish-Chinesedictionaries.XII.　lexicography,it,dictionary,up,language,data,lexicographer,employed,selecting,fall,under,assembling,useful,for,their,establish,sometimes,of,changes,vocabulary,are,coinage,went,milestons,steps,that,such,listing,feetXIII.Omitted.ⅩⅣ. 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Outline　　Atfirst,theauthormentionstheabuseinthepopularpressthatgreetedtheappearanceofWebster"sThirdNewInternationalDictionaryandasks:whatunderliesallthissoundandfury?Hedoesn"tanswerthequestionatoncebutintroducesthenewlyappearingscienceofdescriptivelinguisticsrelatedtothemakingofdictionaries.Fromthegeneralfindingsofthenewsciencehedrawsaconclusionthatdictionaryisgoodonlyinsofarasitisacomprehensiveandaccuratedescriptionofcurrentusage.ThenbycitingfactshepointsoutthattheEnglishlanguagehaschangedalotsincethebirthoftheSecondInternational,andthepopularpressvehementlyattackingtheThirdInternationalusesmanywordsonlytobefoundinit.Thereforeitisnecessarytohaveanewdictionarytorespondtoandrecordthechanginglanguage.Atlast,hestatesthoughthereisroomforimprovementintheThirdInternational,itiswiseandpracticaltousetheThirdinsteadoftheSecond.Lesson12TheLoonsI.　1)TheTonnerreswerepoorThebasisoftheirdwellingwasasmallsquarecabinmadeofpolesandmud,whichhadbeenbuiltsomefiftyyearsbefore.AstheTonnerreshadincreasedinnumber,theirsettlementhadbeenadded,untilthcclearingatthefootofthetownhillwasachaosoflean-tos,woodenpackingcases,warpedlumber,discardedcartyres,ramshacklechickencoops,tangledstrandsofbarbedwireandrustytincans.　2)Sometimes,oneofthemwouldgetinvolvedinafightonMainStreetandbeputforthenightinthebarredcellunderneaththeCourtHouse.　3)Becauseshehadhadtuberculosisofthebone,andshouldhaveacoupleofmonthsresttogetbetter.　4)HermotherfirstobjectedtotakePiquettealongbecauseshewasafraidthatthegirlwouldspreadthediseasetoherchildrenandshebelievedthatthegirlwasnothygienic.ShethenagreedtodosobecauseshepreferredPiquettetothenarrator"sgrandmother,whopromisednottogoalongwiththefamilyanddecidedtostayinthecityifthegirlwastakenalong.　5)ThecottagewascalledMacleod,theirfamilyname.Thescenerytherewasquitebeautifulwithallkindsofplantsandanimalsatthelakeside.　6)ThenarratorknewthatmaybePiquettewasanIndiandescendantwhoknewthewoodsquitewell,soshetriedtoaskPiquettetogoandplayinthewoodandtellherstoriesaboutwoods.　7)BecausePiquettethoughtthenarratorwasscorningandshowingcontemptforherIndianancestors,whichwasjustoppositetoheroriginalintention.　8)Becausethenarratorfeltsomewhatguilty.Piquettestayedmostofthetimeinthecottageandhardlyplayedwiththenarrator.Atthesametime,shefelttherewasinPiquettesomethingstrangeandunknownandunfathomable.　9)Thatwastheveryrarechanceshewasunguardedandunmasked,sothattheauthorcouldperceiveherinnerworld.　10)HerfullnameisVanessaMacleod. 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　11)Justasthenarrator"sfatherpredicted,theloonswouldgoawaywhenmorecottageswerebuiltatthelakewithmorepeoplemovingin.Theloonsdisappearedasnaturewasruinedbycivilization.Inasimilarway,Piquetteandherpeoplefailedtofindtheirpositioninmodernsociety.Ⅱ.　1)wholookeddeadlyserious,neverlaughed　2)SometimesoldJules,orhissonLazarus,wouldgetinvolvedinarough,noisyquarrelorfightonaSaturdaynightaftermuchdrinkingofliquor.　3)Sheoftenmissedherclassesandhadlittleinterestinschoolwork.　4)Ionlyknewherasapersonwhowouldmakeotherpeoplefeelillatease.　5)Shelivedandmovedsomewherewithinmyrangeofsight(AlthoughIsawher,Ipaidlittleattentiontoher).　6)IfmymotherhadtomakeachoicebetweenGrandmotherMacleodandPiquette,shewouldcertainlychoosethelatterwithouthesitation,nomatterwhetherthelatterhadnitsornot.　7)Normally,shewasadefensiveperson,andherfacewasguardedasifitwaswearingamask.Butwhenshewassayingthis,therewasanexpressionofchallengeonherface,which,forabriefmoment,becameunguardedandunmasked.Andinhereyestherewasakindofhopewhichwassointensethatitfilledpeoplewithterror.　8)Shelookedamess,totellyouthetruth;shewasadirty,untidywoman,dressedinaverycarelessway.　9)Shewasbroughtincourtseveraltimes,becauseshewasdrunkanddisorderlyasonecouldexpect.III.Seethetranslationofthetext.IV.　1)-ious:religious,rebellious,furious,obvious,conscientious　2)-ible:edible,eligible,visible,resistible,sensible　3)-able：separable，passable，standablemanageable，readable，under-　4)-1y：manly，godly，deadly，motherly，monthly　5)-ive：sensitive，objective，decisive，aggressive，retrospective　6)-ul：beautiful，careful，lawful，handful，joyful　7)-less：soundless，meaningless，merciless，restlesspowerless　8)-y：dirty，healthy，sticky，showy，cloudy　9)-al：personal，national，conventional，traditional，hysterical　10)-ar：singular，polar，circular，similar，familiar．Ⅴ.　1)walkinlimpingmanner一瘸一拐地走路　2)presencethatcausesembarrassment令人尴尬的人(或事)　3)eyesthatdonotsmile不会笑的眼睛　4)asoundthatululates哀鸣 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　5)mockerythatchills令人发冷的嘲笑　6)abirchlogthatisburning还在燃烧的白桦圆木　7)hopethatterrifies令人生畏的希望　8)aresortthatflourishes繁华的度假胜地　9)odoursthatpenetrate强烈的气味　10)lumberthatiswarped弯曲的木材　11)cartyresthatarediscarded被人扔掉的汽车轮胎　12)strandsofbarbedwirethataretangledtogether，wirethatarebarbed搅成一团团的铁丝网　13)wildstrawberriesthatarebruised表皮被擦伤的野草莓　14)atreetrunkthathasbeenfallen伐倒的树干　15)shopperswhoareoffended被得罪的顾客　16)callthatisdrawnoutforalongtime拖长音的呜叫声Ⅵ．　thewaterglisteninggreenlyasthesuncaughtit；　Allaroundthecottagewereferns…onthethinhairystems；　twogreysquirrelsgossipingfromthetallsprucebesidethecottage，beach；　icywater；　atnightthelakewaslikeblackglasswithastreakofamberwhichwasthepathofthemoon…：　andflewoutontothedarkstillsurfaceofthewater：　therewasnowindthatevening…spearingthroughthestillnessacrossthelake；　etc．Ⅶ．　1)aroughandnoisyquarrelorfight　2)verymuch　3)I"mabsolutelysure　4)Whyisthatimportant?WhyshouldIcare?　5)1amnotsupposedtowalkunlessitisnecessary．　6)thingslikethat　7)whatexactly　8)Areyoucrazyorwhat?MyfatherandIandtheothers　9)first—class，finename　lO)excellentⅧ．　1)grabbed　　　2)lure　　　3)stifled　　　4)howling　　　5)swung　　　6)thrashed　　　7)teetered　　　8)squawkingevenonce　　　9)squashed　　　lO)scrambled　　　11)flickeredⅨ．　 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理1)shack指胡乱搭盖的、简陋的小屋；home尤其指一个或长或短的住处，并与此地有着感情和忠诚的紧密个人联系。　2)badwords指有教养的人不讲的话；obscenities指令人讨厌的脏话。　3)miraculously意为“神奇地”，“奇迹般地”；strangelyenough意为“特别奇怪地”，强调了“奇怪”的程度。　4)cottage指乡村或旅游胜地的小屋；villa指用于避暑消闲的阔气的乡间别墅。　5)meticulously指过于细心，太拘小节；carefully有精细彻底或辛勤努力地的意思，表示以小心谨慎陶行为来避免错误的出现；curioushands为转换修辞用法，实际上不指手，而指那个小孩好奇；strange—looking意为“奇怪的样子”，指人的表情、外表看上去奇特或奇怪。　6)sullen意为“愠怒的”、“赌气的”；unhappy是常用词，表示“不高兴的”。　7)respectfully指满怀敬意地；respectably指值得尊敬地。　8)rebuff表示断然拒绝；refusal意为不能照办或不能做某事，其“拒绝”的语气强，常强调态度坚决，有时甚至是粗鲁无礼。　9)path这里是指一长道反射的月光；reflection意为“反射”或“被反射”，尤指镜中或静水中之映像。　10)suspect意指认为某事可能存在或发生，近于猜想；doubt则指怀疑，不相信。　11)respond意为“反应”，不仅表现在语言上，还指作出积极的行动；reply指对提出的问题或要求，经过认真考虑后，通过书面、口头或某种行动的方式作正式的答复或回答。12)astounded指非常惊讶；surprised语气稍轻一些。　13)conventional指与正式的标准或原则相符或被其接受；traditional指跟传统一致的；reject表示拒绝同意、承认或相信；resent指对人或事感到不快或气愤。　14)settlement指一小块或孤立的居住区；smell是常用词，指气味，香臭不论；odour常指较浓的、易察觉或辨别的气味，如chemicalodours。X．　1)WhataboutcyclingtotheFragrantHills?　2)Onlyafterhermother"sdeathdidthedaughterrealizethatshewasbeginningtounderstandhermother．　3)Sheisaquietpersonwhodoesnotenjoyother"scompany．　4)Seeingthefunnylookonhisface．shecouldnothelpburstingintolaughter．　5)Themoneydoesnotbelongtohim．Heborroweditfromafriend．　6)ThesecondgenerationofimmigrantsarestiIlmarginalized，belongingneitheramongthewhitesociety，noramongtheChineseAmaricancommunity．　7)TheAmaricancoupleputhimuponthesofainthelivingroomforthenight．　8)Sheopenedhermouthbutsaidnothing．Hermouthwasroundasthoughshewantedtosingasong．　9)Heaskedmehowtosetaboutlearningasecondforeignlanguage．　10)Thisdecreeceasedtobeeffectivelastyear．　11)Thisimportantnewsfailedtofinditswayintothenewspaper．　12)Ihadtroubleinmakinghimchangehismind．Ⅺ．　 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理occupants，annihilated，from，year，massacre，place，great，assassinated，pay，remaining，refuge，children，cavalry，overlooking，turn，fired，loose，tepees，over，original，children，who，hit，since，fewXII．Omitted．ⅩⅢ．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　MyChildhood　　Iwasborninasmallvillageandmywholechildhoodwasspentthere．Atthattime,thecountrysidewaspoorandfewfamiliescouldaffordablack—and—whitetelevision，letaloneacolourTV．Fortunately，therewasafilmprojectionteaminourpeople’scommuneanditaddedtothehappinessofmychild—hood．　　Ibecamefascinatedwithfilmswithoutmyknowingit，andseeingafilmbecameoneofmymajorfunsafterschoo1．TherewasnotafilmOneveryday．GenerallyIwouldfeelsatisfiedwithonefilmeverytwoorthreeweeks，thoughitwasoftenreprojectedindifferentvillages．1washappiestwhenmyownvillagehadafilmon.Oncethenewscametome，Igotexcited，myspiritsraised．SurelyIwouldgototheplacewherethefilmwastobeonafterschoolintheafternoon．1wasverypleasedwhenlsawtwodeepholesdug，twolongpoleserected，andthescreenhunghighbetweenthepoles．Afteranearlysupper，Iwouldcarryalongbenchandoccupyabetterposition，usuallyneartheplaceinwhichtheprojectorwastobe，becauseitwasalsofunwatchinghowthemachineandtapeworked．1wasnotalwaysSOluckytogetanidealplace，particularlywhenItouredwithmyelderstoseeafilminvillagesfaraway，asfarasfourorfiveLionoccasions．IfIhadclassmatesthere，1wouldbealittleluckiersinceIhadaskedthemtogetabenchreadyforme．Otherwise，Ihadtositrightunderthescreen，orifIchose，seethefirmbehindthescreen．However，nomatterwhereIfoundmyself；Ienjoyedseeingafilm．　　Seeingafilmintheopenairwasoneofthemajormeansofentertainmentduringmychildhood．Anoldstoryasitis，Ikeepaplaceforitinmyheartallthetime．Lesson13BritanniaRuestheWavesI.　1)Britainissorrythatshehaslostherdominanceonthehighseas.Britainwasproudofbeingthelordoftheseaforalongtime,butnowsheregretsthatshenolongerenjoysanavalsupremacy.　2)ShippingisamajorsuccessfulindustryinBritainbecauseitmakesover￡l000millionayearinforeignexchangeearnings,whichisofvitalimportanceforthecountry.ThereasonsforthesuccessarethattheBritishship-ownershaveputinbiginvestmentandthattherehasbeenaconferencefixingpricestoavoidcut-throatcompetition.　3)Thestiffforeigncompetitioncomesfromtwomaindirections:fromtheRussiansandtheEasternbloccountrieswhoaremassivelyexpandingtheirmerchantnaviesanddoingtheirbesttostepintotheinternationalshippingtradebyseverely 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理undercuttingWesternshippingcompanies,andfromthemerchantfleetsofthedevelopingcountries,whoarestrugglingtotakeoverabigshareofthetradebetweenEuropeandAfrica,AsiaandtheFarEast-routesoverwhichBritainusedtohaveatotaldominance.　4)A"conference"isinfactacartel,whoseroleistofixpricesforallthemembernationsandcompanies.5)Theoil-tankerfleets.　6)Becausefreightlinerscarryallsortsofdifferentcargoes,soifthereisaslumpin"oneparticularindustry,theymaydependonothersandsurvive.　7)TheThirdWorldcountriesregardamerchantnavyasasymboloftheirnationalpowerandhaveexpandedtheirfleetsatanincrediblerate.Yes,theyare.　8)Theyturntohigh-technologyinvestment.Yes,theyareforthetimebeing.　9)Ononehand,Russiawantstoearnhardcurrencies,ontheother,adeepermotiveisthatitdesirestoincreaseitssphereofinfluenceintheworld.　10)ThemajorproblemsaretheSovietUnion"smassiveexpansionofitsmerchantnavyandundercuttingofWesternshippingcompanies,andUNCTAD,whichguaranteesthedevelopingcountriesamajorsliceoftheshippingtrade.Theproblemsalsoshowthatthecapitalistworldisdividedratherthanunitedasone.Ⅱ.　1)cuttingtheirwayintotheinternationalshippingtradebychargingmuchlessfreightratethantheWesternshippingcompanies　2)whoaredeterminedtotakethebiggestshareofthetrade　3)Britainhasimportantinterestsinthesetraderoutes.　4)Theymakeitmoredifficulttomakealargeamountofmoneywheneconomicconditionsarefavorable.　5)Buttheymakeiteasiertosurvivewheneconomicconditionsareunfavorable.　6)Moreandmoreoiltankerstheworldoverlayidle.　7)Muchofthefleetcarriesgoodsbetweenforeigncountries.　8)BritishcompaniesaredoingmuchbusinessonthelinebetweenJapanandAustralia.　9)Developingcountriesconsideramerchantnavyveryimportantbecauseitisasignoftheireconomicpower,soaftertheyhavesetupanationalairline,thenextthingtheywouldliketohaveisamerchantfleet.　10)NeitherthegrowthinRussia"stradenorthatinworldtradewoulddemandsucharapiddevelopmentofRussia"scargo-linerfleet.　11)TheseshipswouldcertainlymakeitpossibleforsheSovietUniontoexertitsinfluenceoncountriesfarawayfromitsterritory.　12)Whenthesesmallershippingcompaniesgobankrupt,abigpartofthefewoldindustriesthathavebeendoingwellandearninghugeprofitswillclosedown.Ⅲ.Seethetranslationofthetext.IV.　1)NATO--NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理北大西洋公约组织(北约)　2)OAS—OrganizationofAmericanStates美洲国家组织　3)OAU—OrganizationofAfricanUnity非洲统一组织(非统)　4)ASEAN—AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations东南亚国家联盟(东盟)　5)OPEC—OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries石油输出国组织　6)SALT—StrategicArmsLimitationTalks限制战略武器会谈　7)UNESCO—UnitedNationsEducational，ScientificandCulturalOrganization联合国教科文组织　8)M．I．T．-MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology麻省理工学院　9)BBC—BritishBroadcastingCorporation英国广播公司　10)V．I．P．-veryimportantperson重要人物　11)GMT—Greenwichmeantime格林威治平均时　12)GNP—grossnationalproduct国民生产总值　13)KGB—KomiteGossudarstvennoiBezopastnosti(CommitteeofStateSecurity)国家安全委员会(克格勃)(苏联)　14)ICBM—inter—continentalballisticmissile洲际弹道导弹　15)radar—radiodetectingandranging雷达　16)laser—lightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation激光V．　1)theseaandshipping：merchantnavy，merchantfleet,searoutes,thehighseas，tonnage，ship—owners，shippingcompanies．merchantships，shippingmanagers，sailing-ships．steam-ships，shipowners，shippingconference,shipbuildingboom．shippingindustry，oil-tankerfleet,charterrates，tankers，bulkcarriers，drycargo，bulk—carrierfleet．shippingsectors，freight—linerservices，liner—freightvessels，agreedroutes，ports,shipment,linership，freightrate，cargo—linerfleet，sea—lanes，shippingfleet，shippinglines．　2)economyandtrade：foreignexchange，balanceofpayments，indeficit，shippingtrade，undercut，invest，grant．taxconcessions，competition，oilprices，depression。crisis，demand，slump，bankruptcy，customer，manufacturedgoods，cross—traders，profitable，foreigncurrency．high—technologyinvestment，investment，containerservice,warehouse，acodenumber，tradingpartners。revenue，linertrade，seabornetrade，profit，hardcurrency．imports，payment，tradingties，internationalbusinessⅥ．　1)grabtheheadlines　　　2)werebeingelbowedout　　　3)thelion"sshare　　　4)cashinon　　　5)madeabigkilling　　　6)havingweathered　　　7)isaroundthecorner　　　8)thepinchofpoverty　　　9)big　　　lO)throwinthetowel　　　11)madeup　　　12)aslumpⅦ．　1)peril常暗指近在眼前的危险，而且很可能造成损失或伤害；danger是常用词，表示危险，但不一定迫在眉睫或不可避免。　 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理2)grants指补贴给的钱；loans指借的钱。　3)sophisticated指不仅现代而且复杂，含有高精尖端技术等意；modern按时间划分，包括现在的和刚刚过去的，时间跨度可能相当长，也可能很短。　4)ruin意为“毁灭”；affect仅指产生不良影响。　5)depression指(经济)萧条；crisis指(经济)危机，比前者严重得多。　6)influence常用以表示无形的力量，指看不见的影响；affec常指看得到的影响。　7)lease指租赁，租借；charter是包租。　8)ratify指正式批准；pass指一般的通过。　9)invention指首次发明的东西；discovery指原本存在，现被发现的东西。　10)ability能力。指能力，常常指能把事情干好；capability指潜在的。Ⅷ．　1)mercantile　　　2)fleet，shipping，marine　　　3)significant，key　　　4)ships　　　5)vital　　　6)freight　　　7)slump　　　8)grow,increase　　　9)lines　　　10)plus　　　11)todrive　　　12)coordinatedⅨ．　1)Oilisconsideredthelifelineofindustry．　2)TheSovietUnionhasalreadycarveditswayintothetradewiththeAfricancountries．　3)Therecessionisbitingdeeplyintotheautoindustry.　4)Theytriedtocashinontheinternalconflictofthecountry．　5)AdmiralJellicoesaidthatifsomethingwasnotdonepromptlytostopthelosses，theAllieswouldhavetothrowinthetowelbeforetheendoftheyear．　6)Theywereelbowedout0fthecompetition.　7)Bigtroubleliesjustaroundthecorner．　8)Officialsinsistthatthecountrywillbeabletoweathertheboycott．X．　1)OilisthevitallifelineofthenationaleconomyinmanyMiddleEasterncountries．　2)TheThirdWorldcountriesarebentondevelopingtheirindustriesindependently．　3)SomeWesterncountrieswereafraidthattheoil—producingcountrieswoulddrivethemoutofbusinessbyundercuttingthem．　4)TheBritishgovernmentpromisedtoputupthemoneyneededtosolvetheproblem0funemployment．　5)SaudiArabia’sprovedreservesofonarebyfarthegreatestintheworld．　6)TheChinesepeoplestoodthetestoftheCulturalRevolution．　7)TheseveteransoldiershaveallweatheredthetestofmanybattlesduringtheSecondWorldWar.　8)Wearestillalongwayfromthegoalofthefourmodernizations.　9)Manyscientistsandtechniciansareouttolearnforeignlanguagessoastobeabletoreadfirst-handreferencematerials.　ll)Anewtelegraphbuildingwillbecompletedandputintoservice 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理soon.　12)Iraq"sexpansionismwasunderattackfromthepressallovertheWorld.　13)Themilitaryexpendituresofthatcountryincreaseatarateof4%to5%everyyear.XI.　first,were,perhaps,thousand,the,Navy,coal,in,switch,which,all,to,of,tons||growth,automobile,wars,surge,these,and,determined,by,shortest,oil,East,western||closure,following,Egypt,after,1967,a,known,crudeXII.Omitted.ⅫⅠ.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　TheShippingIndustryinChina　　SincethefoundingofthePeople"sRepublicofChinais1949,itsshippingindustryhaswitnessedanenormousexpansion.　　Inthelastthirtyyearsandmore,theshippmentofpassengersandfreighthasincreasedbyover1600%,passengerturnoverbyoverninetimes,andfreightturnoverbyroundaboutninetytimes.Thetotaltonnageofshipsandbargeshasrisenbyoverfiftytimes,andthevolumeoffreighthandledatportsandharboursbothalongthecoastlineandontheYangtzeRiverhasbecomemorethantwentytimeslarger.Asfornavigationalengineering,shipsandharbours,machine-productionindustry,communicationsnavigation,shippmentmonitoring,succouringandsalvaging,andtheresearchandeducationinvolved,allthesesectorshavedevelopedatarapidrate.Inthetotalvolumeoffreightturnoverofallmeansoftransportation,theshippingindustryac-countsforover40%intheearly1980s,whichishighaboveitsshareoflessthan20%inthe1950s.Asfortheforeigntradefreight,theshippingindustryisalsoplayingamoreandmoreimportantrole.　　Atpresent,China"smerchantnavyiscapableofarrivingatmorethan400portsintheworld.Chinahasbuiltuparelativelymassiveshippingsystem.Lesson14ArgentiaBayI.　1)ThePresidentwasactuallyreferringtothenationalanthem,TheStar-SpangledBanner.　2)SeeNote20andExerciseIX.1)　3)AdmiralKingorderedhimtoputhimselfatMr.HarryHopkins"serviceandthePresidentwantedtomeetMr.HarryHopkinsbeforeChurchillcametocall.　4)Hopkins"estimatewasthattheRussianswouldhold.TheSovietUnionneededanti-aircraftgunsmost.Hewasfor,assistingtheSovietUnion.　5)No,theydidn"t.ChurchillthoughtthatifU.S.helpedRussia,itwouldhurtitselfsoon.RooseveltthoughttheU.S.wouldhelpRussiatodefeattheGermansbecauseHitlerwasthreateningtheworldpeaceandhemustbedestroyed.　6)Accordingtotheauthor,RooseveltwasNumberOneMan.　7)Themajorproblemswere.excessiveandcontradictoryrequestsfromtheBritish 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理services,unrealplans,unfilledcontracts,jumbledpriorities,andfouledcommunications.BuildingnewshipstoreplaceU-boatsinkingscamefirst,becausenowarmaterialcouldbeusedagainstHitleruntilithadcrossedtheocean.　8)Theirimmediateneedwasahundredfiftythousandrifles.Theserifleswerenotasexpensiveandunavailableasships,airplanes,tanks,andmen.　9)Burne-Wilkewantedtohaveawordwithhim.TheBritishaskedfortwodestroyerstoescortthemback.TherequestwasputtoHenryindirectlyandtactfullyasIseeit.　10)First,HenrywouldescortthePrinceofWaleswithtwoofAmericandestroyers,disembarkinIceland,andreturnwiththetwoships.Second,theU.S.wouldsoonbeescortingallshipstoIcelandandFranklinRoosevelt.JuniorwouldbesentalongasanavalaidetoChurchillwhilehetouredtheU.S.Icelandbase.headamilitarysupplymissiontoSeptember.Third,HenrywastotheSovietUnionin　11)OvertheshipwashangingasubtlegloombecausetheconferencewasnotproductiveasexpectedbyChurchill.　12)Henryanswereditwasarareprivilege.Hedidn"taccepttheinvitationbecausehethoughtoncewasplenty.　13)No,hedidn"t.　14)BecausetherewasnotashredofincreasedAmericancommitment.　15)BecausemanycountrieswereBritishcolonies.　16)Perplexedlooks,lengtheningfaces,andheadshakes.ThequestionscenteredonwhytheU.S.didn"tincreaseitscommitment.Henry"sexplanationwasthattheAmericanpeopledidn"twanttofightHitler.Ⅱ.　1)ComparedwiththeBritishvesselwhichhadgonethroughmanyabattleandweatheredthestorm,theAugustawhichwasnewandcleanandwhichcarriedKingseemedtobefromanotherworld.　2)AgroupofBritishnavymenwerecleaningthedeckinaspiritedway.　3)HisvisitstoLondonandMoscowwerewidelycoveredbynewspapersallovertheworld.　4)He"shavingthebesttimeofhislife,sir.　5)TheRussianswillfighton.Anditwillbedifficultforthemtomanagetocarryonthefight.　6)HopkinsextendedoneofhisweakandfeeblehandsandusedhisthinbonyfingerstocountthethingstheBritishwantedtohave.　7)ButitwillmakeitdifficultfortheAmericanstorejecttheirseconddemand.　8)Theirempireisveryweakinthatarea(inAsia).　9)TheBritishwillalsotry,subtlybuthard,toreachanagreementthattheU.S.shouldgivemoreandearlierassistancetoBritainthantoRussia.　10)Thetwoleadersmadetheirhandshakelastlongerthanusualtogivephotographerstimetotakepictures.Atthesametimetheysmiledandgreetedeachother.　ll)SomehowRooseveltlookedjustalittlemoreofaNumberOne 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理Man.　12)PugwasmorefamiliarwiththecrippledPresidentthantheoneonthefront-pagesstandingupright.　13)Throughoutthetalkofbigimaginaryplans...onepitifulitemappearedagainandagain.　14)IfRussiawasdefeated,Hitlermighttrytoconcludethewarsuccessfullywithalarge-scaleairborneattackonEngland.　15)Itwasratherriskyanddaring(sportsmanlike)ofChurchilltogivetheGermansoldiersagoodchancetoattackhimonthehighseas.　16)Wewouldhavetobecarefulnottomakeexcessiveuseofthosegoodangels,otherwisetheywouldrefusetoprotectUS.　17)Therearetoomanyclaimsonthelimitednavalforcesowearebadlyinneedofdestroyersforescortsonourwayback.　18)Wecoulddowithtwomoredestroyersontheescortforceonourreturnjourney.　19)VictorHenrycouldbevaguelyawareofafeelingofhelplessnesswhichwasdifficulttoperceivebutwhichpermeatedtheplace.　20)Theywereoverconsciousoftheircountry"splight.　21)TheirconversationshowedthattheywerenotsureoftheAmericanaidthoughtheyfeltalittlehopeful.　22)ThereintheSovietUnionthingsaregoingbadlyfortheRussians.　23)Youmayexperiencesomeadventureduringthevoyage.　24)Thefilmwasinterestingbutwithoutanyimportantmeaning.　25)ForVictorHenry,itwasanembarrassinghalfhour.　26)Thedeclarationisinhigh-soundingwords,butcontainsnothingsubstantialintermsofaidtoBritainbytheUnitedStates.　27)TherewasclearcutcondemnationoftheNaziregime,butnopromiseofmoreU.S.aid.　28)IwouldthinktheRoosevelt-Churchillconferencemighthavedecidedonmorethingsthanthat.　29)Pugthoughtitbettertogiveaclear,directanswer.Ambiguitywouldnotbringanygood,onlymoreillusionsanddisappointments.　30)Lend-Leaseisnohardwork,itjustmeanstheAmericanpeoplewillhavemorejobsandearnmoremoney.Ⅲ.Seethetranslationofthetext.Ⅳ.　sailors,officers,destroyers,battleship,admirals,generals,cruiser,vessel,accomodationladder,mainbatteryguns,quartermaster,theNavycaptain,gangway,quarterdeck,gang-plank,bridge,cabin,afterdeck,marine,submarine,navalaide,wardroom,major-general,U-boat,flagship,embark,disembarkV.　deck--floor,bulkhead--wall,stem--head,stern--tail,port--left(orleft-handside),starboard--right(orright-handside),galley--kitchen,wardroom--living 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理(ordinning)quartersforofficers，bunk——bedⅥ．　1)aluminium2)armoured3)colour4)favour5)grey7)programme8)metre9)labour10)manoeuvreⅦ.　1)mist是薄雾；fog意义广泛，可指各种各样的雾。2)chores是日常琐事；tasks意义宽泛得多，可指任务工作、作业、功课等。　3)brassband为铜管乐队；symphonyorchestra指弦乐队。　4)beckon是用手或身体其他部位示意；call除了用姿势，还可用话语。　5)belittle意为贬低，带有故意挑剔的意味;diminish一般不含故意的成分。　6)hobble指跛足而行；totter指行走不稳定，往往暗示年老体弱；stagger指醉酒或头脑昏沉时脚步踉跄。　7)hitch指一拉一拉地移动，如瘸子行走的样子；move较为抽象，只表示“移动”，“运动”，不涉及移动、运动的方式。　8)blouses指水手、士兵的紧身短上衣；shirts指衬衣。　9)sip比drink更具体，指一小口一小口地喝，呷。　10)start后常接动名词或不定式，接名词时意为begin(开始)；starton后接名词，意思是开始做某事。　11)paine(!expression指情绪不高；painfulexpression指因痛苦而产生的表情。　12)heartily表示热烈地，热情地；happily表示幸福地，喜悦地。　13)detach表示让……去干别的事；dismiss意为开除。　14)secrecywarnings指看得见的，告诉人们这是秘密地点的警告；secretwarnings是看不见的，也不让别人看见的警告。　15)remark是简短地说，比较随便地评论；comment往往用于正式场合；plod意为费力地缓慢行走；stroll指悠闲地漫步。Ⅷ．　1)plodded　　　2)walked　　　3)hobbled　　　4)tottered　　　5)stroll　　　6)diminished　　　7)reduced　　　8)belittle　　　9)dwindled　　　10)minimize　　　11)felt　　　12)isfullyawareof　　　13)areconsciousof　　　14)sensed　　　15)clustered　　　16)swarmed　　　17)roundedup　　　18)musteredIX.　1)TheAugustaisanAmericancruiserandatthattimetheUnitedStatesnominallywasnotatwarwithHitlerwhilethePrinceofWaleswasaBritishbattleshipandBritainhadbeenfightingagainstHitler"sGermanyforoverayear.Hencethestatement"fromAmericatoEnglandandfrompeacetowar".　2)Atplacesonthepartabovethemaindecktherewerenewwelds.TheseweredamagescausedbythegunfireoftheGermanbattleshipBismarck.Theweldslookedlikestick-ingplasterputtonewWounds.　3)ThistimeHitlerhasattackedacountrytoobigforhimtoconquer.　4)BritainwasnolongertheNumberOnepowerofthe"freedemocracies",.The 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理UnitedStateswastakingoverthisposition.5)Assoonasthetwopartiesagreedthatpriorityshouldbegiventothebuildingofships,allotherrequestsandprogramswouldhavetobecrossedout.　6)ThissimpleyardstickrapidlyrevealedwhatwerelackingintheU.S.warindustryatthetime.　7)WinesandspiritsareforbiddeninyourNavyoryou"renotallowedtodrinkonboard,areyou?　8)ThePresidentisthemanwholaysdownallNavyregulationsandhecanadaptthemashewishes.　9)Blockade...wouldintimeweakentheGermancontrolofEurope.　10)Theywereoverconsciousoftheircountry"splight.　ll)Theyvoteaccordingtotheirpoliticalsuspicionsorintuitionstoprotecttheirpoliticalcareers.Theytrytofigureoutwhattheelectoratewantandthenvoteaccordingly.Inthiswaytheyhopetheelectoratewillbepleasedandtheywillbeabletobere-elected.　12)Youareourfavorite．Wefeelkinshipwithyou．Youaretheplayersfromourside，allright；wearethespectators，westandonyourside。wehavesympathyforyou．Whenyouplay，wecheeryou．X．　1)Thewilderness—ringedArgentiaBayinNewfoundlandlookedgrayanditwasveryquietthere．　2)Drovesofbluejacketsweredoingascrub—downinhighspirits．　3)Theyprolongedtheclaspforthephotographers．talkingandsmiling．　4)Pugobservedthatnotoneofthemwastakingphotoswhenhehobbled．　5)Thesailorsswarmedintoaringaroundthetwomen,laughingandcheering．　6)FranklinRooseveltlistenedattentively．hiseyeswereshiningandhewassmilingallthetime．Ⅺ．　1)他把钢笔丢了，还是一支新的呢。　2)主干道上来往的车辆越来越多。　3)别这么夸我，我会让你失望的。　4)他逐渐出了名。　5)瞥这一眼就够了，不用再请了。　6)1977年底时，他们的纯收入是近五年来最低的。　7)1942年春季来临时，德国的军事形势几乎没有什么变化。　8)他用含混的语言掩饰真正的用意。　9)经过三周激烈的谈判，达成了交易。　10)医生一心扑在病人身上。　11)我的马丁尼酒不要甜的。　12)在禁酒期间，美国有些城市滴酒不售。　13)她喜欢面包上什么也不涂。　14)诗人要亲身体会一下各种各样的感情，从狂喜到悲痛欲绝。 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　15)那个国家尚未成为该国际组织的正式成员。　16)他只懂一点儿法语。　17)别开他的玩笑。　18)别放在心上，我是说着玩儿的。　19)汽车在公路上疾驰。　20)他们得精打细算，使钱能勉强用到发工资时。Ⅻ．　1)Webelievethatvictoryisinsight．　2)Theywarnthereisnoobviousremedyinsight.　3)Afterthetoastsbythehostandguest，thebandstruckupanAmericanfolksong．　4)Theystruckupafriendshiprightaftertheirfirstmeeting.　5)Toimproveyourdiction，youmustpayattentiontotheshadesofmeaningofwords．　6)TheAfricannationsmightpress{ormorestringentsanctions．　7)Ididn"tpresshimforfurtherexplanation?　8)TheworldnewspapersarefocusingtheirattentiononthesummitconferencebeingheldinGeneva.　9)Demonstratorstooktothestreetsbythethousands.　1O)Thecommuniquestruckthereportersasoneofhistoricalsignificance　11)TheU．S．presidentreturnedfromtheMideastlastweek，onlytofindanewwarragingonthedomesticenergyfront．　12)Disappointedandexhausted，thegeneralretiredearlierthanusual，onlytobeawakenedsoonaftermidnight.　13)Thereismoretothevotethanapprovalofthecanaltreaty．　14)We100kedatitmorecarefullytoseewhethertherewasmoretoitthanweassumedinthepast．　15)Thismountainstreammakessoundssimilartothoseofaguitar．Hencethename“TheSpringofJadeGuitar"ⅩⅢ．　re—elected，naturally，endorsement"domestic，met，appealed，nations，defense，called，submitted，designed,limitations,make,available,This,authorized,transfer,articles,any,vital,also,nations,shipyards,law||made,arsenal,American,to,Axis,worth,services,production,officially,neutrality||announced,extended,one,common,broke,set,vast,was,mistakes,undid,England,had,pinning,German,frontXIV.Omitted.XV.　"IfHitlerwinsinRussia,hewinsintheworld;ifhelosesinRussia,he"sfinished".That"salsoPresidentRoosevelt"sopinionforHitler"sinvasionof 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理SovietUnion.　IftheUnitedStatesinterferedanddeclaredwaronGermany,theseriousconditionwouldbelessened.ButRooseveltlackedthesupportoftheCongressandmanyofthepeople.Anyway,hedidquitealotinfavouroftheSovietUnionandAnti-FascistLeague.HewasgoingtosendamilitarysupplymissiontoSovietUnion,andhewasreadytosendagovernmentrepresentativetoMoscow.　Atthattime,thelifeinAmericaispeacefulandcomfortable.PeopledidnotwanttofightagainstHitlernoranybody.Andthecongressmentriedtoavoidanydamageandlossofpropertyfromthewar.Thustheextensionofthedraftwaswonjustwithinonevote.　Ontheotherhand,theconditionthenwasprofitabletotheUnitedStates.Itbenefitedfromthewarthroughthearmstradeandotherservicetrade.ThepassageofLend-LeaseActisoneindication.　AtlastAmericajoinedthewar,thatwasforthesakeofthesituation.Lesson15NoSignposts1ntheSeaI.　1)Hecanappreciatethegraceofhergesturesandthebeautyofherclothes,forthegoodtasteofwhichhepraisesher.　2)Yes,heappreciatesnaturalbeauty,buthewasnotalwayslikethat.　3)Themoonandthecoolwateroftheswimmingpoolprovidedhimwithrelaxation,andafeelingofserenityofmindandsublimationofemotion.　4)Helikesthesterncliffsbest,withrangesofmountainssoaringbehindthem,becausetheyarefullofpossibilitiesandonlythemostdaringcanclimbontothetop.　5)AnItalianisinchargeofthelighthouse.Heloveshisjobsomuchthathewillnotquititforanything.　6)Heimaginesthatonemayliveanidylliclifethere.　7)Becausesufferingandsincanbefoundeverywherehumanbeingslive，includingthosetwoislands，onebeingalepercolony，theotherapenalsettlement．　8)Thegreenflashmeansthegreenlightseenintheskythemomentthesunsetsunderthehorizon．andonlyincertaincasesdoesitappear．Ⅱ．　1)TheColonel，anEmpirebuilderwhoisnottoodisgustinglyaggressive，sometimestriestotalktomeaboutpublicaffairs．　2)OrmaybemysuppressedinclinationhasbeenbroughtoutunderLaura"sunintentionalinfluence．　3)1wasaspuritanicalasaPhariseeandIviewedwithcontempta11thosewholivedalesspracticallifethanmyownandregardedthemasinhabitantsonthemoon．　4)JustimaginehowIhavechangednow．HereIstand。sentimentalandsensitive，likeanoldunmarriedwomanpaintingawater—colourpictureof 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理sunsets．　5)BeforeIdie，1wanttoenjoybeautytomyheart"scontent．　6)IimaginedevotedreligiouspeoplemustbeexperiencingathoroughcatharsisasIdonowwhentheyleavethesolemnconfessionalaftergainingpardonoftheirsins．　7)Thereisatraceofsimplepoeticqualityinhischaracter．　8)1alsoliketheunusualinformationheconveystomefromtimetotimewithoutspeakingemphatically．　9)ThereisquitealotofknowledgestoredawayintheColonel’smind，whichisnotinterestingexceptforthat．　10)ThisisquiteanotherEdmundCarr，whohaschangedsomuch!Ⅲ．Seethetranslationofthetext．Ⅳ．　1)(拉)特别，持定　　　　2)(德)闪电战　　　　3)(丹)祝你健康、干杯　　　　4)(法)代办　　　　5)(意)协奏曲　　　　6)(法)政变　　　　7)(法)布置，舞台美术　　　　8)(法)缓和　　　　9)(法)冷菜，冷盘　　　　10)(意)间奏曲　　　　11)(日)和服　　　　12)(汉)叩头　　　　13)(俄)富农　　　　14)(西)强壮男子　　　　15)(瑞)餐前冷菜　　　　6)(拉)现状　　　　17)(西)节日　　　　18)(印地)(印度的)王公　　　　19)(阿拉伯)(穆斯林国家的)酋长　　　　20)(希)我想出了，我找到了V．　1)fill(V．)：Hefilledthepositioncapably．　　fill(n．)：Lethercryherfill．　2)ripple(n．)：Themoondancedontheripplesofthelake．　　ripple(V．)：Alaughterrippledthroughthehall．　3)marble(n．)：Hestoppedtoadmireastatueinmarble．　　marble(v．)：Allthebookedgesweremarbled．　4)pile(n．)：Theactress’fanmailformsahugepile．　　pile(V．)：Hefinishedawholedishpiledhighandthickwithmeat．　5)touch(V．)：Herwordstouchedhimtothequick．　　touch(n．)：Ihaveamildtouchofflu．　6)range(n．)：DaVincihadawiderangeofinterests．　　range(V．)：Thesizeofcomputersrangefromthatofabuttontothatofaroom．　7)beach(n．)：Hewasdrownedwhileswimmingatthebeach．　　beach(v．)：Theyfoundasmallboatbeachedontheshore．　8)catch(v．)：1wasnearlycaughtintheshower．　　catch(n．)：Nothingcouldgivetheangleragreaterdelightthanagoodcatch．　9)hump(n．)：Hewasbornwithahumponhisback．　　hump(v．)：Whenthecatsawthemouse，ithumpeditsbackforajump．　10)obscure(adj．)：Themeaningofthatsentenceisobscuretome．　　obscure(v．)：Latersuccessesobscuredhisearlier 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理failures．Ⅵ．　grey，white，richcolours，darkred，olivegreen，midnightblue，blacker，moregolden，bleached，yellow，goldenbrown，green，red，atenderpaletteofpinkandblue，blue，purple,emeraldⅦ.　1)passourtimepleasantly　　　　2)beginning　　　　3)levelofexistence　　　　4)grownup　　　　5)dryandbarren　　　　6)innerplaces(parts)…stern/forbidding　　　　7)lonely　　　　8)tells/reveals　　　　9)except　　　　10)movedbackward…hidden　　　　ll)intensebluishgreen　　　12)joy/happinessⅧ.　1)cram　　　　2)disperse　　　　3)crept　　　　4)scribbled/jotteddown　　　　5)soared/rocketed　　　　6)Workispilingup　　　　7)lounging　　　　8)receded　　　　9)snatched　　　　10)slappedhimlX.metaphor:　1)anewClovis,lovingwhatIhavedespised…　2)anEndymionyoungandstrong　3)thesea…withnoripplesatallbutonlythelazysatinofblue　4)theredball(thesun)　simile:　1)itisasinamovingpicturethatIcannotethegraceofhergestures　2)dismissiveasPharisee　3)assentimentalandsensitiveasanyoldmaiddoingwatercoloursofsunsets　4)myimagination…soaustereintheforegroundbutnurturingwhattreasuresoftenderness,likedelicateflowers,forthediscoveryoftheventuresome　5)…givesacrylikeasea-bird　6)…weareaspleasedachildrenwhenourgamesucceeds　7)Ilikethefootfallofnakedfeetinthedust,silentasacatpassing.　8)thefaintcreaking,asofthesaddle-leathertoahorsemanridingacrossturf　alliteration:　1)onalesspracticalplane　2)AndnowseehowIstand,assentimentalandsensitiveasanyoldmaid　3)clearofcloud　4)Iwouldneverhavebelievedinthesimpleblissofbeing　5)thehissofsuddensprayX.　1)metonymy2)metonymy3)euphemism4)personification5)transferredepithet6)hyperbole7)transferredepithetand9)onomatopoeia10)transXI. 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　1)imperial2)simple3)high4)jealous5)ignorant6)clear7)exaggerated8)beaten9)obvious10)confident11)disappointed12)inadequate13)close14)interested15)beautiful16)consciousⅫ.　1)Hehasagoodeyeforwater-colours.　2)Thedaughterventuredtoobjecttoherparents"sarrangementofhermarriage.　3)Pressedbypoverty,hetooktostealing.　4)Mylongjourneywasbeguiledwithnovels.　5)IsupposeyouhavereadMarkTwain.　6)Heconcentratedallhisattentiononthisproblemtotheexclusionofallothers.　7)Failuretomaketherightdecisionatoncewillmakethewholethingverydifficultifnotimpossible.　8)Ourproblemsarepilingup.Wemustsolvethemasquicklyaswecan.　9)Thesentriesarerelievedeveryfourhours.　10)Therewasatouchofironyinhisremark.　ll)Memoriesofchildhoodaregraduallyreceding.XIII.OmittedXIV.　　　　　　　　　　　AVisittoYellowMountain　Iwashereatlast!StandingatthefootofYellowMountain,ItriedtoconvincemyselfthatIwaswhereIwas.Itwasahotday,andtheskywasclearofclouds.Weweresweatingevenbeforewebegantoclimbthemountainearlyinthemorning.Thestepsweresonumerousthattheylookedlikearibbonwindingitswaytothesky.Allalongtheway,birdswerechirpingamongthetreesandbushes,whereleaveswerestirringwitheverymovementofthepuremountainair.Nowandthenamountainstreamrandown,leapingfromrocktorockandfillingthevalleywithlaughingmurmurs.WhenIlookedupoccasionally,themountaintopscouldbeseenclearlyagainstthevastbluesky.Iwentoncheerfully,leavingmycompanionsbehindmostofthetime.　WhenwecametotheGuest-GreetingPine,allofuswereveryexcited.Shestoodattheedgeofanoverhangingrock,stretchingoutherhandstous.HowfriendlysheandtheYellowMountainwere!Lesson161776I.　1)TheSecondContinentalCongresswasconvenedinPhiladelphiain1776.ItwasimportantbecauseitwitnessedthesigningoftheDeclarationofIndependence.　2)Hewasnotforindependence.　3)Theseunitedcoloniesarefreeandindependentstates,theyneedn"tbeloyaltotheBritishQueenanymoretheyhavenothingtodowithGreat 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理Britainintermsofpolitics.　4)Thevotewasonthemotiontopostponeindefinitelytheresolutionofindependenceorproceedwiththedebate.NewHampshire,Massachusetts,RhodeIsland,Dela-ware,Connecticut,andVirginiawerefor~Pennsylvania,Maryland,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,andGeorgiawereagainst,andNewYorkabstained.Amongthem,NewHampshire,Massachusetts,RhodeIsland,andConnecticutareNewEnglandstates,NewYork,Pennsylvania,Delaware,Marylandaremiddlestates,andVirginia,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,andGeorgiaaresouthernstates.　5)Dickinsondidn"tdenytherewerecripplingtaxesandothergrievances.HearguedthatBritainwasthenoblestandmostcivilizednationonthefaceoftheearth.Heofferedagentlermeansofredressingtheminsteadofrevolutionandviolence.　6)DickinsonmaintainedthatseperationoutoftheBritishEmpiremeanttotaldestructiontothecontinent,whileRutledgewasagainstindependenceinthatSouthCarolina,whichherepresented,wouldprobablyfallintothehandsofpeoplefromotherstateswhenindependencewasgained.　7)Rutledge,representingSouthCarolina,changedtobecomeforindependence.　8)Hancockdidsotomakethevoteonindependenceofficialandformal.　9)Becausehethoughtifthevotewasnotunanimous,thosecoloniesopposingindependencewouldfightonthesideofEnglandagainstthosefavouringindependence,resultingininternalstrifeandbringingdestructiontothecontinent.　10)Hewantedtopostponethedebatebecausetherewasnowrittendeclarationofindependencetovoteon.　11)Aliterarysocietyreferstomenofletters.Bartlettsaysacongressisnotaliterarysocietybecausecongressmenarepoliticiansratherthanwriterswhoarefondofemotionalandpoeticexpressions.　12)ThepassagewasaboutthecrimeofBritaindoingblackslavetradeandmaintainingslaveryinAmerica.Rutledgewantedtodeleteitbecauseinhisnativestate,SouthCarolina,blackslaverywaslegalizedandpartoftheirlife.　13)OnewasBritain,theotherwastheNorthoftheunitedStates.Theformerencouragedthetradeofslavery,andthelattercarriedandsoldslaves.　14)Thetriangletradewentlikethis,AmericanswenttoAfrica,boughtslaves,andcarriedthembackandsoldtheminAmerica.TheNewEnglandmadethefortunes.　15)FranklinwasangrybecauseJohnclungtoaminortopic-slaveryinsteadofthecentralone--independence.Johninsistedthattheabolishmentofslaveryshouldbeincludedinthedeclaration,insuchacase,southernstateswouldnotapproveitbecausetheydonotseemtobeabletogowithoutslavery.Therefore,Franklinthoughtitwasnecessarytomakesomesacrifice 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理orcompromisetogetthedeclarationapprovedunanimously.Ⅱ.　1)TheDeepSouthspeaksinunityandcompleteagreement.　2)Whatpositiondoyoutakeonthequestionofindependence?　3)Beendrinkingandeatingtoomuchagain,oldman?　4)IonlywishthatKingGeorgefeltalloverhisbodythepainthatInowfeelinmybigtoe.　5)NorthCarolinasubmitstoSouthCarolinawithrespect.　6)ItseemsthatinGeorgiamajorityopinionisagainstindependencebutHall(Georgia"sdelegate)isforindependence.　7)FortheobviousreasonthatwecannolongerhearourcontinuedconnectionwithGreatBritain.　8)Mr.Adams,youaregoodatmakingsuchpleasantwordas"property"soundquitedisgusting,whichisannoying.　9)Why,evenyourowncousinhasfledfromjusticeandforhiscaptureofdeatharewardhasbeenofferedbytheBritishtroopsstationedinAmerica.　10)I"mperfectlyabletodefendmyself,Mr.Dickinson.　ll)Anduptonow,"Brother"Sherman,thedevil(referringtoAdamsagain)hasbeenwinningwithoutmakinganeffort.　12)ThoughithasbeenproposedinthenameofVirginia,itreflectsthespiritofAdams.　13)Youaremovingaheadoftime.Wearenotreadyforindependence.　14)GeneralWashingtonisinthebattlefield.　15)TheyaretypicalofopportunisticandcowardlysentimentsofNorthCarolina.　16)Ifwearebraveandcourageous,we"ll"beabletodefeatabiggerarmy.　17)Mr.President,SouthCarolinademandsthatthequestionbeputtovote.　18)AdeclarationofthiskindwouldbeinkeepingwiththefinemannersandproperwayofdoingthingsinEurope.　19)Don"tplayanytricksnow,Mr.Adams.Youhavetothinkupsomethingbetterforananswer.　20)Answerdirectly--whatwouldbeitspurpose?　21)Whenonetalksaboutone"sownrebellion,it"slegal,thoughotherpeopleconsideritillegalfromtheirpointofview.　22)Arethereanywhowishtoamend,delete,oraltertheDeclaration?　23)Ihadhopedtheworkproperwouldshowmyopinionclearly.　24)We"llkeepthiswordtyrant,hewillcontinuetobeatyrant.　25)GoodGod]Fishingrights!Howlongshallwegoonwastingtimeintrifling.　26)TousinSouthCarolina,blackslaveryisourspecialcustomandweloveitaspartofourlife.　27)Rutledgehasfoundhistarget.　28)Manythingsweightierthanmoneyareinvolvedinthis 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理issue.　29)Bebravetoacceptwhat"shappened,John--it"sover.　30)Thepriceforkeepingtheslaveryclauseistoohighforus.　31)Don"tboastofthegoodthingsyou"vedonebefore.Perhapsnowyoustillhavetodosomethingworthy.　32)Nomatterhowmuchwedisagreewiththem,weshouldn"torderthemtodothisorthatlikeordinaryofficeworkers.　33)Butinanycase,don"tactlikeacoarse,scoldingwoman.　34)ThequestionofAmericanindependencedependsonwhatyousay.　35)I"msorry,John--Ijustdidn"texpectthat.Ⅲ.Seethetranslationofthetext.IV.　president,members,secretary,custodian,bell-ringer,chamber,tallyboard,session,gavel,pass,abstain,abstention,absence,postpone,unanimous,delegation,delegate,proceed　secondamotion,moveamotion,sayYea,sayNay,wheredoesCongressstand,poundthegavel,callthequestion,theChairwouldliketo...,voteonsth.　Gentlemen,theusualmorningfestivitiesconcluded,Iwillnowcallthecongresstoorder.　TheChairtakesthisopportunityto.."　TheSecretarywillreadtheroll.　Mr.President,Isecondtheproposal!Theresolutionhasbeenproposedandseconded.　Congresswillnowproceedwiththedebate.　Mr.Secretary,youwillrecordthevote.Hearmeout.　Imoveforapostponement.　Ithasbeenmovedandseconded.　Allthoseinfavorofthemotiontopostponesignifybysay"Yea".　Thevoteagainbeingtied,theChairdecidesinfavorofthepostponement.　Soruled.　Movetoadjourn.　Anyobjections?Yes!Ihaveobjections.　Congressstandsadjourned!　Hearme,Mr.President!　I"vegotone!　Overhere!　Gentlemen,please!　Noobjections.　TheCongresswillnowvoteon-"　I"dremindyou,gentlemen,thatasingle"Nay"votewilldefeatthemotion, 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理resolved.V.　1)Chris,Kit　　2)Dave　　3)Don　　4)Ed,Ned,Ted　　5)Fred　　6)Jim7)Joe　　8)Mick,Mik　　9)Pat,Paddy　　10)Bob,Rob　　ll)Rod　　12)Sam　　13)Bill,Will　　14)Cathy　　15)Dolly　　16)Bess,Betsy,Betty,Liza,Elsie,Lisa,Liza,Liz　　17)Bella　　18)Jackie　　19)Jo　　20)Kate,Kathy,Kitty　　21)Maggie,Madge,Meg,Peg,Rita　　22)PatVI.　　1)shout,yell　　2)WhatpositiondoesGeorgiatake　　3)Keeptheminorder/tellwhichiswhich　　4)understand　　5)g0onbearing/tolerate　　6)eatinganddrinkingtoomuch　　7)itrestswithme　　8)gotwhatyoudesired　　9)haveruinedus　　10)continuewithit　　ll)Beonthewatch/Becareful　　12)understand　　13)hasdefeatedus　　14)don"tpressmehard　　15)agreewiththem/jointhemⅦ.　1)Youwouldsecondthemotion,youlittleweasel!　2)ThesearepreciselythesentimentsofNorthCarolina.　3)Whydoyouwantindependence?　4)Youaresosafe,sofat,socomfortableinPennsylvania.　5)Wehavenoarmy,nonavy…butGodblessoursoul,wehavespirit!　6)Takeiteasy,John!　7)Youhave(Iofferyou)mysympathies,Mr.Morris.　8)Imovetoadjourn!　9)Theproposalhasbeenmovedandseconded--doyouhaveanyobjections?　10)Thatpassageaboutslaveryisjustanotherliterarylicensethen.　11)Well,Mr.Rutledge,whatdoyouwant?　12)John,putfirstthingsfirst!ThefirstthingisIndependenceIIt"sAmerica!　13)Iaskforapoll.Ⅷ.　1)forifwedonotmakeclearwhatourproblemsareandfightforindependenceblindly,wemayendbylosingeverything　2)Wearenotyetreadyforindependence.Youaregoingtoofast.　3)Wheneverthereisanyriskordanger,youremainbehindthescene,sothatifweshouldfailyou"llstillbefreeoftrouble.　4)WouldyougoonwithalltheseMterationsanddeletionsuntilyoutakeawayallofitsfightingspirit?　5)Don"tboastofyourpastachievements!Perhapsitistimeyoumadenewcontributions.　6)butinanycase,stopbeingrudeandscolding　7)WeareabouttofacethedeadlystrugglecourageouslywithourDeclarationofIndependence. 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理　8)Thispaperisevidenceofour"treason",forwhichcrimewecanbehanged.IX.　1)theymillaboutoverinthatcorner--nearthetwoCarolinas.(ridicule)　2)They"llbewanderin"inanytimenow,sir--withOldGrape"n"Gutsleadin"thepack.(ridicule)　3)Where"dy"goforit,man--Jamaica?(sarcasm)　4)triajunctainuno(irony)　5)atributetotheeternalpeaceandharmonyoftheDelawaredelegation.(irony)　6)Beenlivingtoohighagain,eh,Pappy.(ridicule)　7)Theusualmorningfestivitiesconcluded.(sarcasm)　8)AfterwhatRh(,deIsland"sconsumed,Ican"tsayI"msurprised.(ridicule)　9)Ifyousayso.(sarcasm)　10)Theywon"tbesatisfieduntiltheyremoveoneoftheFsfromJEFFERSON"sname.(sarcasm)　11)Justanotherliterarylicense.(sarcasm)　12)What"sthatsmellfloatin"downfromtheNorth--coulditbethearomaofhypocrisy?(sarcasm)　13)Theymighthavekepttheirdocumentintact,forallthedifferenceitwillmake.(sarcasm)　14)Andisthathownewnationsareformed--byanonentity-tryingtopreservetheanonymityhesorichlydeserves.(sarcasm)X.　1)Youmustn"tthinkourNorthernfriendsmerelyseeourslavesasfiguresonaledger---(figure.1)anumbersign;2)awholehumanbody)　2)Ifwedon"thangtogether,weshallmostassuredlyhangseparately.(Hangtogether,remainunited,supporteachother.Thesecond"hang",diebydroppingwitharoperoundtheneck.)XI.　l)euphemism　　2)innuendo,sarcasm　　3)euphemism,mildsarcasm　　4)metonymy　　5)metonymy　　6)metonymy　　7)metonymy　　8)euphemism　　9)hyperbole　　10)antithesis　　11)synecdoche　　12)hyperbole　　13)metonymy　　14)alliteration　　15)euphemism,　　16)metonymy,antithesisXII.　1)Hopkinsdidn"twaituntilMcNairfinishedhiswords.TheLatterwasnotintroducingtotheformeradoctorbutadelegatebythenameofDr.L.ymanHall.　2)WhenThomsonsaidthat,Mr.Hopkins,havingdrunktoomuchrum,had 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理gonetotherestroom.And"passes"remindedthemembersof"pisses"orpasswater.　3)FranklinwasawakenedbyDickinson"shardstrikeagainstthetableandheexpressedhisangerinahumorouswaybysaying"howcanamansleepifyoustartbanging".Dickinson,whowasalsowitty,retortedbysaying"howisamantostayawake",implyingthatFranklin"sspeechesweresoboringthateveryonepresentwouldfallasleepifhespoke.Bythelastsentence,hemeant"I"msurenoonewantstolistentoyourspeaking,soyou"dbettergoonwithyoursleep."　4)HancockwasactuallyaskingthememberstocometosigntheDeclarationofIndependence.Earlier,Dickinson,whowasagainstseparation，referredtotheactsofthoseforindependenceastreason．ⅩⅢ．　1)你的秘书今天又迟到了，你最好说说她。　2)证据有力地证明了他的诚实。　3)不要在背后说同志们的坏话。　4)在辩论中他坚持自己的立场。　5)他会请我们喝香槟吗?　6)我当然要遵守诺言。　7)我现在时间很紧。　8)治疗后病有些好转。　9)他待同志们很好。　10)女房东给新来的客人打扫了一个房间。　11)这所房子需要修缮。　12)我们差点出了大事故。　13)你什么时候发现钱包不见的?　14)教训非常深刻。　15)让我们忘掉分歧，一起工作吧!　16)他把一半财产投资在一桩生意里。　17)达成的协议决不可以撕毁。　18)这个他可没料到。XIV．　1)TheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitednationsisnowinsession.　2)Theresolutionwasadoptedby74to31with8abstentions．　3)Wecangotherebytrainintheeventtheweatherisnotfitforflying．　4)Youcouldleavethebuildingbythefire，escapeintheunlikelyeventoffire．　5)Manypeopleareskepticalaboutthetalksproducinganypositiveresults．　6)Thelistenerswereskepticalaboutthetruthofthestory。　7)Wehopethenewmedicinewilleffectacure．　8)Theoldheadofthefactoryisalwaystheworkersintheworkshops 攀登英语网[www.5pds.com]收集整理excepttobefoundamongtheworkersintheworkshopsexceptwhenhehasmeetings.　9)Hisaccountoftheeventiscorrectexceptthatsomedetailshavebeenomitted.　10)Leadersatvariouslevelswithoutexceptionshouldnotabusethepowerintheirhands.　ll)Theoldladyregardedtheunexpectedvisitorwithsuspicion.　12)Thestudentshaveahighregardfortheirteacher"sopinion.　13)ThespeakerreferredustoChomsky"sgrammarbook.　14)ThebookmakesseveralreferencestotheAmericanWarofIndependence.　15)Theleaseisoverdue.You"vegottorenewit.XV.　1)3,2,1,4　2)4,6,2,5,1,3　3)10,8,3,2,7,9,1,4,11,6,5ⅩⅥ.Omitted.XVII.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ASummaryofSceneThree　ThePresidentdeclaresthatallthemembersbegindebatingVirginia"sresolutionofindependence.DickinsonisagainstindependencebecauseBritain,hesays,isthegreatestempireonearthandAmericanscanenjoyitsprotectionandshareitsbenefits.ThoughthingsarenotperfectwiththeBritishEmpire,Americansshouldtakesomegentlemeasurestosolvetheprobleminsteadofresortingtoviolence,rebellion,andtreason,ac-cordingtohim.ThenarguingwithFranklin,hesaysitisaccept-ableforanAmericantobecalledanEnglishman.Atthis,FranklinretortsbysayinganAmericanisnotgivenfullrightsofanEnglishmanandthereforeAmericansrequireanewnation.DickinsonsaysAmericanpeopledon"tthinkso,andoverthisJohnlaunchesadebatewithhim.ThenthefocusgoestoRut-ledgefromSouthCarolina.Heisworriedthathisnativestatemayfallintothehandsofthepeoplefromotherstates.Othermembersagainstindependencejointhedebateandsayitisnotrighttimetobeindependent.Besides,theyareworriedthatAmericantroopsaretooweaktodefeatBritishforces.Atthis,Johnpointsoutthatitisnoproblemifthetroopsarebraveandcourageousenough.Thedebateissoheatedthattwopartiesgetinvolvedinafight.Rodneytriestointervene,onlytosufferastrokeandbesenthome.攀登英语网www.5pds.com提供'