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'方案简介及上部结构尺寸拟定一方案比选1.1工程概况1.常水位:507米;设计水位517.8米;冲刷深度8.0米;无通航要求,桥梁全长米;桥面净宽2.技术标准公路等级:二级公路设计地震烈度:8度设计洪水频率:1/1003.桥址纵断面及地质纵断面:见附图。地质条件:桥位地区场地类别为Ⅲ类,沿线地质状况一般为中等风化安山岩。4.采用规范JTGD62—2004《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》JTGD60—2004《公路桥涵设计通用规范》JTJ000—89《公路工程抗震设计规范》《桥梁地基与基础》1.2桥型方案1.构思宗旨(1)符合未来交通网发展规划,满足交通功能。(2)桥梁结构造型简洁、轻巧,能与当地人文与自然环境协调。(3)设计方案力求结构新颖,又要保证结构受力合理,技术可靠,施工方便。2.方案比选根据现代化桥梁设计的要求,一个桥梁的方案比选,主要应考虑下列因素:安全、适用(功能)、经济与美观,其中以安全和经济最为重要。第一方案:变截面连续梁桥第96页
图1—1变截面连续梁桥立面图1.孔径布置。本桥由两侧边跨与中跨主跨组成,孔径布置为:45+70+45(米),全长为160米。由于中间沟壑较深,因此,采用大跨径孔径,减少墩柱个数。2.主跨结构构造。主桥采用三跨变截面连续梁,边跨与主跨之比为9/14,支点梁高取主跨的2/35,即2/35﹡70=4米,跨中梁高取支点的1/2,即1/2﹡4=2米,主梁采用10米宽的单箱单室箱梁,其中悬臂长度为2米,每10米处有一横隔板。主梁下端采用二次抛物线。图1—2变截面连续梁剖面图3.主墩基础采用钻孔灌注混凝土桩,东西桥台均采用轻型桥台,主跨采用矩形空心墩。墩身较高,允许桥纵向有较大的变位,墩下设1300×1100的承台,承台混凝土采用C30,基础采用钻孔灌注桩,直径为150cm,长为30米,达到下层地质性能较好的岩层。4.施工方案本桥采用按两个“T”对称悬臂挂篮施工,其中0、1号梁段采用搭设托架浇注完成,其余梁端采用挂篮悬浇,边跨的合拢段长度为10米,主跨合拢段长度为3米。在每号梁浇注完成后,待混凝土强度达到设计强度的80%,即可利用后张法张拉预应力钢筋。第二方案:下承式钢管混凝土拱桥图1—3中承式钢管混凝土桥立面图1.孔径布置:跨径为160米单跨桥。2.桥跨构造:第96页
主拱拱肋采用下承式悬链无铰拱,计算跨度为160米,矢高32米,矢跨比为1/5。该桥采用了4管式拱肋截面,其横断面如图所示:图1—4中承式钢管混凝土桥剖面图3.拱肋构造:每根拱肋由500mm钢管混凝土组成,由横向平联板,腹板连接成为钢管混凝土,沿拱轴采用等高度截面,拱高为2.2米(1/70L),中、下承式拱桥的主要承重构件是两个分离式的拱肋,此桥组成拱肋的材料是钢管混凝土,两片拱肋在两个相互平行的平面内。采用矩形截面的肋拱,拱肋高度取为2.2米,肋宽约为肋高的0.5~1.0倍,取1.3米。两肋中心距为14.3米。为了保证两片拱肋的横向刚度和稳定以承受作用在拱肋、桥面及吊杆上的横向水平力,一般须在两片分离的拱肋间设置横向联系,此桥横向联系为两层空格式构造,横撑的宽度不应小于其长度的1/15。在拱肋的弦管和平联板内灌注C50高强混凝土,腹杆和横撑钢管内不灌注混凝土。桥面系悬挂在吊杆上,此桥采用柔性吊杆,采用高强钢丝束吊杆,使用墩头锚。此桥采用等间距吊杆,吊杆间距为6米。4.桥墩基础:由地形图表明,该桥位处的地质性能良好,河床处有较高承载力的岩层,因此,桥墩采用重力式钢筋混凝土墩。5.施工方案:首先浇筑桥墩,然后利用竖向转体施工法,可以将拱肋分成两个半跨放在桥孔下面预制,经过验收合格后,由竖立在两个主墩顶部的两套扒杆分别将其旋转拉起,在空中对接合拢。第三方案:斜拉桥1.结构体系:如图所示,采用独塔双跨式,独塔双跨式的主跨跨径L2与边跨跨径之间的比例关系一般为L1=(0.5~0.8)L2,多数接近于L1=0.66L2。本桥采用半漂浮体系,塔墩固结,各墩都设盆式支座。孔跨布置为95m+65m,总长160米的独塔双索面斜拉桥。第96页
图1—5独塔斜拉桥立面图2.主梁:此斜拉桥主梁采用三角形双箱梁,其抗弯和抗扭刚度大,在双箱梁的两个分离式箱体之间用底板将其封闭,成为三室的单箱梁结构,由于采用双索面,应将两个中间竖腹板尽量拉大,使中室大于边室,以期取得较大的横向惯矩。并且三角形截面对抗风最有利。主梁总宽为13米,梁高为2.15米,顶板厚23cm,底板厚15cm.梁上索距8米。图1—6独塔斜拉桥剖面图3.索塔:第96页
如图所示,采用H形塔,总高58米,桥面以上塔高35米,高跨比0.368。下塔柱横桥向底宽17米,逐步向上放窄,至中、下塔柱交界的下横梁处(放置梁宽)最窄,为15米。中塔柱向上均为等宽截面,垂直至塔顶。顺桥向下塔柱底宽3米,等截面至下横梁处(放置梁处),再往上塔柱宽为2米,直至塔顶。塔截面呈八角形,在下塔柱中部以下为四室箱截面,外壁厚1米,内壁厚0.5米。下塔柱中部以上均为单室箱截面,外壁厚1米。索塔采用了环向预应力束来平衡斜拉索力产生的弯矩和轴力,为了方便施工,塔柱内设劲性骨架。4.基础:主墩为16根直径2.5m的钻孔灌注桩,桩尖嵌岩。5.施工方案:采用悬臂浇筑法,其主梁混凝土的悬臂浇筑与一般的预应力混凝土梁式桥的基本相同。这种方法的优点是结构的整体性好,施工中不需要大吨位悬臂吊机;但不足之处是在整个施工过程中必须严格控制挂篮的变形和混凝土收缩、徐变的影响,施工周期较长。1.3方案点评:根据设计构造宗旨,桥型方案应满足结构新颖受力合理,技术可靠,施工方便的原则。以上三种方案基本上都满足该要求。从结构的外形看,三种方案分为梁式,拱式和斜拉三种不同类型。从受力角度来说,方案一为变截面连续梁桥,从受力角度来讲,方案一比较简单,加大支点附近的梁高(即加大了截面惯矩)做成变截面梁,降低了跨中的设计弯矩。这样做既对恒载引起的截面内力影响不大,也与桥下通航的净空要求无甚妨碍,并且还能适应抵抗支点处剪力很大的要求。可见,变截面连续梁桥不仅外形美观,还可节省材料并增大桥下净空高度。同时,采用变截面布置适合悬臂法施工,施工阶段主梁的刚度大,且内力与运营阶段的主梁内力基本一致。其不足之处是,采用悬臂法施工时,存在墩梁临时固结和体系转换的工序,结构稳定性应予以重视,施工较为复杂且主墩需要布置大型橡胶支座,存在养护上甚至更换上的麻烦。方案二是钢管混凝土拱桥,它属于钢—混凝土组合结构中的一种,主要用于以受压为主的结构。它一方面借助内填混凝土增强钢管壁的稳定性,同时又利用钢管对核心混凝土的套箍作用,使核心混凝土处于三向受压状态,从而使其具有更高的抗压强度和抗变形能力。由于钢管混凝土承载能力大,正常使用状态是以应力控制设计,外表不存在混凝土裂缝问题,因而可以使其主拱圈及其宽度相对的减小,提高了中下承式拱的桥面宽度的使用效率。施工方面钢管本身相当于混凝土的外模板,它具有强度高,质量轻,易于吊装或转体的特点,可以先将空管拱肋合拢,再压注管内混凝土,大大降低了大跨径拱桥施工的难度,省去了支模,拆模等工序,并可适应先进的泵送混凝土工艺。其缺点是钢管膨胀容易造成钢管与内填混凝土之间出现脱空现象,同时由于施工中钢管先于管内混凝土受力,造成钢管应力偏高而混凝土不能发挥应有的作用,造成材料的浪费,不够经济。第96页
方案三是独塔斜拉桥,其主梁在斜拉索的各点支承作用下,使弯矩值大大降低,这不但可以使主梁尺寸大大的减小,而且由于结构自重显著减轻,既节省了结构材料,又能大幅度的增大桥梁的跨越能力。但在主梁承受荷载之前对斜拉索要进行预张拉。它属于高次超静定结构,与其他体系桥梁相比,包含着更多的设计变量,全桥总的技术经济合理性不易简单地由结构体积小、质量轻、或者满应力等概念准确的表现出来,桥型美观,但设计施工都有很大难度,同时造价很高。从施工角度来讲,方案一采用了对称悬臂浇筑施工,利用挂篮现场浇筑;方案二先浇筑边、主跨墩、利用转体施工法;方案三主梁采用悬臂拼装法,索塔采用搭架现浇施工,拉索的施工包括拉索的安装和拉索张拉与索力量测。方案一与方案二相差不大,而方案三则明显复杂的多,工序繁多且难度大。总的来说,以上三种方案都符合安全、经济(造价、工期及养护维修)、适用美观的要求,但总体来说,方案一变截面连续梁桥更为合理,从受力、安全、经济及施工难度各方面总体都较为优秀,而且业主也倾向于方案一。因此,最终选择方案一为推荐方案。2方案简介及上部结构尺寸拟定2.1方案简介本设计经方案比选后采用三跨预应力混凝土变截面连续梁结构。根据桥下通航净空要求,主跨取为70米。边跨跨径根据国内外已有经验和文献一般取主跨径的0.5~0.8倍,此桥采用0.64倍的中跨径,即45米,则全联跨径为45米+70米+45米=160米。采用桩柱式桥墩,桥台采用桩柱式桥台,基础因底面岩石承载力较高,故采用明挖(排水)扩大基础,上部结构采用对称悬臂拼装法施工。2.2上部结构尺寸的拟定2.2.1主跨径的拟定跨径布置为45+70+45(米),边跨为主跨的0.64,边跨跨径根据国内外已有经验和文献一般取主跨径的0.5~0.8倍,因此本桥的边跨比值符合要求。2.2.2纵桥向梁的尺寸拟定1.支点处梁高:大跨径连续梁桥主梁一般采用箱型截面,梁高为1/16~1/20L,取L/17.5,即4.0米。2跨中梁高:根据文献【1】P67表2-16,梁高为1/30~1/50L,取L/35,即2.0米。4.0/2.0=2倍,符合规定。3.梁底曲线:选用二次抛物线。边跨抛物线以桥台支点处梁底为原点,抛物线方程为:Y=-0.001082x2;主跨抛物线以中跨跨中梁底为原点,抛物线方程为:Y=4F/L2X2=-0.001837x2;2.2.3横桥向尺寸的拟定1.根据规范,桥面车道数为两车道,车道宽为2ⅹ3.75(米),两边设人行道,人行道跨度为2×第96页
1.25(米),总共宽为10米。主梁截面细部尺寸拟定依据规范以及参考已建成桥梁,顶板厚度取25cm跨中底板厚度取30cm,支点处底板厚度为1/8~1/12倍的梁高,取1/9即60cm。横隔板依据参考文献【3】,每10m设置一道。下图为主梁横断面图:图2—1变截面连续梁桥剖面图图2—1箱梁剖面图2.3桥面铺装和线性的选定(1)桥面铺装:桥片铺装采用8cm厚的防水混凝土铺装层,加上2cm厚的沥青混凝土磨耗层。(2)桥面横坡:取1.5%,该坡度由箱梁顶板双向横坡来设置。(3)竖曲线:考虑两岸的引桥纵坡和桥面系标高,参考文献【6】P103,具体拟定如下:左边自0号桥台起至主跨跨中为直线,其坡度为2%,右边自3号桥台至主跨跨中亦为直线,其坡度为2%。2.4主要设计参数(1)混凝土:预应力混凝土主梁及桥墩采用C50混凝土,其余构件均采用C30混凝土。(2)预应力钢绞线:采用符合ASTMA426—97标准的270级钢绞线,标准强度fpk=1860MP,弹性模量Ey=1.95ⅹ105Mpa,松弛率为3.5%,钢绞线规格公称直径为∮j15.20mm.3.锚具:采用OVM13—19型锚具;预应力管道:采用波纹管成型。4.普通钢材:受力筋均为二级(20MnSi)热轧螺纹钢筋,构造筋为Ⅰ级(A3)光圆钢筋,二者均必须符合国家标准(GB1499—98)的规定。钢板为A3钢,应符合GB700—88的规定。2.5桥面设计荷载公路等级为Ⅱ级公路,车道荷载依据规范采用公路Ⅱ级荷载。规范规定,公路Ⅰ第96页
级荷载的均布荷载标准值qk为10.5KN/m.集中荷载标准值随计算跨径而变,当计算跨径小于或等于5m时,Pk为180KN;计算跨径等于或大于50m时,Pk为360KN,计算跨径在5m~50m之间时,Pk采用内插求得。对于多跨连续结构,Pk按照最大跨径为基准取值。计算剪力效应时,集中荷载标准值Pk应乘以1.2的系数。公路Ⅱ级车道荷载的均布荷载标准值qk集中荷载标准值Pk按公路Ⅰ级车道荷载的0.75倍采用。人群荷载依据规范,当桥梁计算跨径等于或大于150m时,人群荷载标准值为2.5KN/m2.3桥面板计算3.1主梁桥面板按单向板计算根据《公桥规》4.1.1条规定,因长边与短边之比(la/lb)>2,可按仅由短跨承受荷载的单向受力板来设计。即仅在短跨方向配置受力主筋,而长跨方向只需配置适当的构造钢筋即可。人行道及栏杆的重量为5KN/m.1.恒载内力以纵向取1m的板条计算每延米板上的恒载g沥青混凝土磨耗层:钢筋混凝土层:将承托的面积平摊于桥面板上,则:主梁的自重:合计:(1)计算:计算跨径:≯取.第96页
(2)计算:,作用于每米宽板条上的剪力为:2.活载内力公路Ⅰ级车辆荷载后轮轴重为p=140KN,着地长度为,宽度为。板上荷载分布为:有效分布宽度计算:(两后轮轴距)两后轮的有效分布宽度发生重叠,应一起计算其有效分布宽度。纵向2个车轮对于单向板跨中与支点的有效分布宽度分别为:≯所以:a=5.13m,说明支点处有效宽度无重叠。可得板的有效宽度图,在影响线上进行最不利情况的加载,利用结构力学计算得出简支单向板的内力。作用于每米宽板条上的弯矩为(见图):同理算得作用于每米宽板条上的剪力为:内力组合:第96页
由于(即主梁抗扭能力大者),所以:跨中弯矩支点弯矩3.2主梁桥面板悬臂板的计算(悬臂板长度=2.0米)1.恒载内力以纵向梁宽为1米的板梁计算每延米板上的恒载g沥青混凝土磨耗层:g1=0.02×1.0×23=0.5KN/m钢筋混凝土层:g2=0.08×1.0×24=1.9KN/m人行道及栏杆:主梁的自重:合计:每米宽板条的恒载内力弯矩剪力:2.活载产生的内力一个车轮荷载对于悬臂根部的有效分布宽度:(两后轮轴距)后轮的有效分布宽度发生重叠,应一起计算其有效分布宽度。车辆荷载纵向2个车轮对于悬臂板根部的有效分布宽度为:有效分布宽度见图:作用于每米宽板条上的弯矩为:第96页
作用于每米宽板条上的剪力为:3.行车道板的设计内力故箱形梁腹板顶板处的设计弯矩为:箱形梁顶板中间截面的设计弯矩为:支点处的设计剪力为:3.3桥面板配筋1.支点处配筋,沿纵向取1m宽板条计算混凝土强度等级为C50,钢筋采用HRB335,则:、。截面计算高度:第96页
将各参数代入数值:整理后得到:一根面积为取,2.跨中处配筋,沿纵向取1m宽板条计算将各参数代入数值:取。3.抗剪验算故无需再进行专门的配筋设计。4内力计算4.1单元划分第96页
图4—1单元划分图依据有限元原理,将全桥划分为128个单元,129个节点。主梁节点编号从梁的左端1节点开始,依次向右,右端点为129节点,主梁单元编号依次从左到右。为了方便全桥的施工分段,更好地根据起吊重量来划分,特别程序将每隔1m处的梁的截面特性和梁的总重计算出来,具体结果见表4—1:4.1.1截面特性下面计算截面的几何特性,下图为跨中截面示意图,计算其面积A和惯性矩Ix。图4—2跨中剖面图将上图的梯形截面等似成矩形截面,令顶板面积为A1,腹板面积为A2,底板面积为A3,令三个断面形心到底板下缘的距离分别为y1,y2,y3,则得到:A1=10×0.25+2×0.3×(0.35+2+0.35+0.9)/2=3.58m2,2×0.3×(0.35+2+0.35+0.9)/2=10H1,h=1.08/10=0.108,H1=0.25+0.108=0.358m;A3=6×0.3+2×0.3×(0.35+0.35+0.7)/2=2.22m2,H3=0.3+0.48/6=0.38;第96页
H2=2-0.358-0.38=1.262m,A2=1.262×0.35×2=0.8834;由此可得:y1=2-0.358/2=1.821m,y2=0.38+1.262/2=1.011m,y3=0.38/2=0.19m,Ⅰx1=bh3/12=10×0.3583/12=0.0382m4,Ⅰx2=bh3/12=0.7×1.2623/12=0.00505m4,Ⅰx3=bh3/12=6×0.383/12=0.0274m4,上述断面为对称截面,因此,形心轴就是中性轴,令形心轴到底板下缘的距离为y4,∑A=A1+A2+A3=6.6834m2,则有∑A×y4=A1×y1+A2×y2+A3×y3;解得y4=(3.58×1.821+0.8834×1.011+2.22×0.19)/6.6834=1.1722m.Ⅰx1′=Ix1+A1×(y1-y4)2=0.0382+3.58×(1.821-1.1722)2=1.545m4,Ⅰx2′=Ix2+A2×(y2-y4)2=0.00505+0.8834×(1.011-1.1722)2=0.0280m4,Ⅰx3′=Ix3+A3×(y3-y4)2=0.0274+2.22×(0.19-1.1722)2=2.1691m4.∑3i=1Ⅰxi′=Ⅰx1′+Ⅰx2′+Ⅰx3′=1.545+0.0280+2.1691=3.7421m4.由于截面太多,不能全部用手算,因此采用李青宁老师所编写的《桥梁结构电算》计算,其计算结果如下表所示:表4—1边跨截面几何特性计算结果表截面号N截面惯性矩Ix截面面积AA截面形心距离Y上截面形心距离Y下13.67116.3950.82451.175553.79526.41390.83561.1914104.55476.89450.91931.2176155.65037.051.00431.327197.34137.65781.13851.40912410.03887.96971.29821.59592813.66098.76711.49681.73533319.35359.26571.7361.99473722.90259.5351.86562.1344表4—2边跨截面几何特性计算表截面号N上截面模量W上下截面模量W下截面上核心矩K上截面下核心矩K下14.45263.1230.48840.696354.54213.18550.49660.7082104.95453.74080.54260.7186155.62624.25790.6040.798第96页
196.44855.20980.68030.8421247.7296.28720.78890.9698289.12697.87230.89791.0413311.14869.70231.04711.20323712.176410.73011.12531.2875通过上表说明,手算的截面特性与电算结果误差不大,误差率§以下列公式计算得到:§=(3.7421-3.6711)/3.6711=1.93%§值完全符合计算精度要求。表4—3中跨截面几何特性计算表截面号N截面惯性矩Ix截面面积AA截面形心距离Y上截面形心距离Y下3822.90259.5351.86562.13444020.15089.32851.76622.02734414.00768.80051.51281.7527489.49477.91141.26821.5611517.44697.67121.14531.4171545.74577.06281.01131.3359584.57446.89750.92091.2197623.78976.41310.83511.1907653.67116.3950.82451.1755表4—4中跨截面几何特性计算表截面号N上截面模量W上下截面模量W下截面上核心距K上截面下核心距K下3812.276410.73011.12531.28754011.40949.93951.06551.2231449.25967.99190.90811.0522487.48656.08220.76880.9463516.50245.25480.6850.8476545.68174.30090.60890.8045584.96723.75050.54370.7201624.53813.18270.49630.7076654.45263.1230.48840.6963第96页
4.2结构自重的计算:(1)横隔板重量的计算见表4—5表4—5横隔板重量截面号A(m2)R(KN/m3)板厚d(m)L(m)Q(KN/m)16.725250.41600.42031397.2985250.41600.456156178.57250.41600.5356252510.89250.41600.6806253314.1935250.41600.8870944113.8045250.41600.862781499.6715250.41600.604469577.2752250.41600.4547656.725250.41600.420313注:每块横隔板的自重均匀分布到全桥,最终全桥受到横隔板的均布荷载为:q=5.322075(2)横梁重量的计算:依据截面特性计算结果,可以计算出每个单元的自重。面积取单元的平均面积,C50混凝土的容重为,单元自重。其计算结果如下图所示:表4—6单元自重单元号q(KN/M)单元号q(KN/M)1159.8937238.3752159.94538237.62383160.062539235.04254160.243840231.4555160.481341228.01136160.777542224.71137161.132543221.5558161.546344212.48139167.06545203.691310172.683846201.2388第96页
11173.3647198.91512174.103848196.718813174.91549194.652514175.793850192.716315176.7451185.552516177.75552178.607517178.836353177.2318185.418854175.967519192.148855174.818820193.593856173.786321195.11557172.868822196.712558167.0623198.386359161.406324200.136360160.903825200.136361160.502526203.862562160.201327212.0056316028220.338864159.929222.705 30225.1563 31227.6913 32230.3113 33233.015 34235.8038 35237.7975 36238.375 注:上表位结构左半跨单元的自重,另一半与此对称,在此不做表示,以上结果为裸桥自重,不包括桥面铺装以及人行道,横隔板等自重。根据截面特性,算出单元的抗弯刚度EI和抗压刚度EA。已知C50混凝土的弹性模量,其计算结果如下表所示:表4—7单元刚度单元号EIEA单元号EIEA112678750022064820037790136250328957500212728430022072410038775963650327920775312835035022088625039728496825324358650412999427522113637540664847775319407900513216605022146412541606841200314655525第96页
61349019002218729504255405275031010152571382190752223628504350608912530574590081421572502229338254445390615029322412591507098002305497004540671360028109392510160104150238303575463727673252777094751116642282523923680047342112350274502700121735332752402631754831448820027147187513181470000241382700492896792502686204501419029165024259537550267433650265948425152000534252439012005124246772525606245016210805350245301900522201134502464783501722261125024679402553205218075244577400182410290752558778755419207702524283515019261061500265165275551805367752412498752027733687526715937556170488650239825025212950647002692587005716182397523855887522314343300271463250581506373502305428002333536070027377302559140825550222740625243580392752761880256013608525022204717525382494600276188025611323609752214934502640903372528133025062129606150221077725274470596252925669006312778972522080000028488143950304067475641268823752206620002952315800030733290030560878575310715625316014574753142139253264509135031782952533691949250321560700347422485253254091753577921527532816055036790136250328957500注:上述表格为结构左半跨单元的EI与EA,右半跨结构对称,在此不做表述。(3)铺装和人行道板每米重量计算:桥面铺装自重的计算:桥片铺装采用8cm厚的防水混凝土铺装层,加上2cm厚的沥青混凝土磨耗层。在这里,取混凝土的容重为,沥青的容重为。其计算结果为第96页
人行道自重的计算:参考已建桥梁与《桥梁工程》的计算例题,本桥人行道自重为全桥共有129个节点、128个单元,其中两个边跨各有36个单元,跨中有56个单元,在后面的恒载、活载、施工及验算等内力的计算时,代入程序的单元划分形式都以以上这种划分方式填写数据文件。4.3恒载内力计算恒载内力主要包括结构自重内力和二期恒载内力的内力叠加。一期恒载和二期恒载由所建立的有限元计算模型输出单元结果信息中引用。一期恒载:程序按截面尺寸信息自动计入;二期恒载:含铺装层和栏杆重。本桥为变截面连续梁桥,因此,直接计算成桥运营后的恒载内力。本桥主要考虑了桥梁本身结构自重、桥面铺装重量、人行道重量、横隔板的重量。恒载内力通过李青宁老师编写的《桥梁结构电算》计算,其计算结果如下表所示:表4-8恒载内力计算结果单元号节点号内力单元号节点号内力剪力(KN)弯矩剪力(KN)弯矩112539.17033330022291.715-3019.30334-6771.45676040.565222291.7153019.3033434-6771.456-76040.56532044.192-5729.24535-7113.80384718.851332044.1925729.2453535-7113.803-84718.85141796.521-8129.69136-7458.64293826.629441796.5218129.6913636-7458.642-93826.62951548.624-10220.40637-7804.203103365.907551548.62410220.40637378065.075-103365.9161300.43-12001.066387719.51493500.539661300.4312001.06638387719.514-93500.53971051.866-13471.251397374.89284066.535771051.86613471.25139397374.892-84066.5358802.858-14630.454407033.49775061.29288802.85814630.45440407033.497-75061.2929553.333-15478.073416696.58666479.99199553.33315478.07341416696.586-66479.99110296.91-16009.475426363.97958317.138第96页
1010296.9116009.47542426363.979-58317.1381133.463-16215.958436035.49850567.465111133.46316215.95843436035.498-50567.46512-230.83-16092.603445710.96243225.9281212-230.8316092.60344445710.962-43225.92813-496.052-15638.302455397.76836282.9721313-496.05215638.30245455397.768-36282.97214-762.288-14851.84465095.56229724.6411414-762.28814851.8446465095.562-29724.64115-1029.622-13731.896474796.42123542.1521515-1029.62213731.89647474796.421-23542.15216-1298.14-12277.045484500.18517731.7731616-1298.1412277.04548484500.185-17731.77317-1567.926-10485.755494206.69412289.9741717-1567.92610485.75549494206.694-12289.97418-1839.063-8356.387503915.7867213.4241818-1839.0638356.38750503915.786-7213.42419-2118.429-5882.954513627.2982498.9961919-2118.4295882.95451513627.298-2498.99620-2406.207-3055.057523347.766-1860.4192020-2406.2073055.05752523347.7661860.41921-2695.792133.693533076.914-5875.8432121-2695.792-133.69353533076.9145875.84322-2987.2783685.611542807.784-9553.782222-2987.278-3685.61154542807.7849553.7823-3280.7617603.135552540.232-12896.292323-3280.761-7603.13555552540.23212896.2924-3576.33611888.82562274.117-15905.2582424-3576.336-11888.8256562274.11715905.25825-3874.09816545.341572009.292-18582.3882525-3874.098-16545.34157572009.29218582.38826-4171.86121574.066581745.613-20929.2042626-4171.861-21574.06658581745.61320929.20427-4474.28126977.905591489.196-22950.9592727-4474.281-26977.90559591489.19622950.95928-4786.8832766.131601239.846-24656.6112828-4786.88-32766.13160601239.84624656.61129-5109.89638951.61561991.124-26050.9672929-5109.896-38951.6156161991.12426050.96730-5435.86945542.71962742.903-27134.7343030-5435.869-45542.7196262742.90327134.73431-5764.90752543.20463495.06-27908.4613131-5764.907-52543.2046363495.0627908.461第96页
32-6097.11359956.96664247.467-28372.543232-6097.113-59956.9666464247.46728372.5433-6432.59567788.033650-28527.2074.4活载内力计算活载的内力计算主要通过有限元软件计算模型,输入使用阶段活载所加载的相关参数得到。4.4.1荷载计算公路Ⅱ级车道荷载的均布荷载标准值qk和集中荷载标准值Pk按公路Ⅰ级车道荷载的0.75倍采用。取qk=10.5ⅹ0.75=7.875KN/m,Pk=360ⅹ0.75=270KN.1.横向分布系数的计算正常情况下,箱型作为一个整体,应当不考虑横向分布影响,但是,考虑到汽车荷载在箱梁上存在偏压情况,因此,应当计算最不利情况,将箱梁分解成两个T梁,横向分布系数采用杠杆原理法求解。附图4—3横向分布系数影响线第96页
汽车:人群:式中,,-------------对应于汽车和人群荷载集度的荷载横向分布影响线竖标。求得汽车荷载横向分布系数=1/2×(+++)==1.2667=2×1.2667=2.533人群荷载横向分布系数.2.汽车冲击系数的计算依据参考文献,计算连续梁的冲击力引起的正弯矩和剪力效应时,采用当计算连续梁的冲击力引起的负弯矩效应时,采用式中:L—计算结构的计算跨径(m);E—结构材料的弹性模量(N/m2);—结构跨中截面的截面惯矩(m4);—结构跨中处的单位长度质量(kg/m);G—结构跨中处延米结构重力(N/m);g—重力加速度,g=9.81(m/s2)。1》计算边跨第96页
。2》计算中跨因为冲击系数与结构频率f成正比,因此选用边跨频率f计算冲击系数。根据参考文献,冲击系数可按下列公式计算:当f<1.5Hz时,=0.05;当1.5Hz14Hz时,=0.452.汽车荷载计算:第96页
根据参考文献,计算跨径在150<<400时,应进行纵向折减,折减系数汽车荷载计算值为:4.人群荷载计算人群荷载计算值为当计算剪力效应时,集中荷载应当乘以1.2的系数。车道荷载:==873.755KN第96页
人群荷载:计算剪力效应时,4.4.2活载内力计算计算活载内力时,首先必须画出所要计算截面的影响线,然后分别在影响线的正面积布置荷载和在负面积处布置荷载,计算出正的最大内力值和负的最大内力值,以最大内力值进行内力组合,本桥的计算截面即为控制截面。如下图所示为跨中和支点处单元影响线:第96页
图4.4单元截面内力影响线1.汽车荷载内力计算分别对计算截面的弯矩影响线和剪力影响线进行最不利布载,得到内力结果如下表所示:表4—9汽车荷载内力汽车活载内力汇总截面编号Mmax(kn·m)Qmax(kn)Mmin(kn·m)Qmin(kn)101517.64530-318.238921636.92351466.5869-361.9747-318.238933121.09651386.5669-722.1836-320.43744566.94271323.2828-1084.1582-323.160755860.03841261.0016-1500.8885-326.967567040.05021199.7231-1806.3418-341.920778107.5091139.4475-2166.5507-380.8192第96页
89064.28561080.1748-2528.5254-423.524699911.99791023.2886-2890.5-466.13711010653.0479967.3757-3250.7089-509.80091111286.3735912.4362-3612.6836-554.5161211816.5256859.8095-3972.8925-599.05861312246.7147806.8019-4334.8672-644.62061412577.2192757.3876-4695.0761-691.2021512810.4405707.5924-5057.0507-737.53131612950.6767661.3021-5417.2596-784.84811713001.1385614.6308-5779.2343-833.15251812965.0366570.125-6141.2089-879.80591912843.989527.7402-6501.4179-928.71832012644.4172486.2108-6863.3925-977.23522112365.2593446.7435-7223.6014-1025.30892212012.4061409.2941-7585.5761-1072.89162311591.748372.641-7945.785-1121.33452411103.5631336。7843-8307.7597-1170.63742510555.6129304.0196-8669.7343-1217.9389269949.5153271.9922-9029.9432-1266.0368279289.821240.7022-9391.9179-1313.4684288582.4207212.3566-9752.1286-1361.6646297828.9322184.6894-10114.1014-1409.1309307035.7772158.7747-10474.3104-1455.8194315402.0441134.5681-10843.1182-1501.6825324352.9377110.9809-11378.9825-1548.2145333443.561889.043-11986.6166-1593.8573342650.01968.71-12689.7717-1638.5631351949.117849.7928-14340.4056-1682.284361775.305745.3022-14340.4056-1724.9724371803.528345.0515-15251.1861-1768.2024381693.20841805.0256-13589.4679-121.6439391614.80221796.9596-12114.9412-121.6439402017.92781734.4137-10559.3761-123.0105412527.47151697.5631-9197.0551-124.5747423069.57761661.0959-7933.9521-126.3427433692.54441623.3039-6966.9773-128.6204444301.73481584.2314-6350.822-145.0862455001.08931545.6014-5769.3742-164.1268465739.27611507.4138-5267.3122-183.6453476510.58161466.3702-4840.5264-206.0572487488.05281425.828-4462.6719-229.0107498424.89891385.7873-4174.19-252.5057509597.15521304.0296-3943.814-277.7978第96页
5111147.83011304.0296-3770.0807-277.79785212702.91661262.3717-3669.6622-331.38985313368.30751219.7135-3587.5293-361.02485413991.19181179.1911-3504.8229-389.97775514569.93471135.6358-3423.2633-422.20625615102.90131095.2782-3341.1304-453.75265715585.18711053.4779-3258.424-487.30325816013.52221012.297-3171.0757-521.52285916389.5417970.2632-3094.7314-557.81026016709.9756930.3358-3012.5985-593.38376116974.8241889.585-2930.4655-631.05696217182.4522849.4832-2848.3325-669.430996317331.2251808.617-2766.1996-708.50596417421.1428769.8277-2684.0666-749.76026517450.5704731.6873-2602.507-790.25276617421.1428694.1957-2684.0666-831.4466717331.2251655.9988-2766.1996-873.34026817182.4522619.819802-2848.3325-917.477496916974.8241584.289678-2930.4655-960.789277016709.9756549.408445-3012.5985-1004.80197116389.5417516.471354-3094.7314-1047.92537216013.5223482.873153-3171.0757-1093.32367315585.1871451.1896-3258.424-1137.80097415102.9013420.125442-3341.1304-1182.94727514569.9347390.916942-3423.2633-1227.10877613991.1918361.076827-3504.8229-1273.5777713368.3075334.269642-3587.5293-1317.3437812702.9166330.671252-3669.6622-1363.41587911147.83257.210519-3770.0807-1408.4083809597.1552257.210519-3943.814-1408.4083818424.8989233.792732-4174.19-1496.7104827488.0528212.038886-4462.6719-1539.9563836510.5816190.786455-4840.5264-1583.7437845739.2761170.035439-5267.3122-1628.0727855001.0893151.963414-5769.3742-1669.3172864301.7348134.333814-6350.822-1711.0395873692.5444119.088255-6966.9773-1753.2396883069.5776116.979363-7933.9521-1794.0567892527.4715115.34239-9197.0551-1833.4431902017.9278113.894186-10559.3761-1873.2436911614.8022112.62885-12114.9412-1940.7964921693.2084112.62885-13589.4679-1949.5079931803.52831637.15904-15251.1861-48.657555第96页
941775.30571597.13304-14340.4056-48.928333951949.11781557.60846-14340.4056-53.934692962650.0191517.12781-12689.7717-74.209475973443.56181475.73535-11986.6166-96.169889984352.93771433.47531-11378.9825-119.86372995402.04411390.39194-10843.1182-145.338751007035.77721347.92797-10474.3104-171.482761017828.93221304.69965-10114.1014-199.471681028582.42071260.75123-9752.1286-229.35331039289.8211216.12695-9391.9179-259.967611049949.51531172.21056-9029.9432-293.7620510510555.61291127.67729-8669.7343-328.3528910611103.56311083.8814-8307.7597-363.7401410711591.7481038.23238-7945.785-402.466810812012.4061993.379725-7585.5761-442.0535710912365.2593949.323434-7223.6014-482.5004711012644.4172904.812498-6863.3925-525.1267611112843.989859.891158-6501.4179-569.9802511212965.0366814.603658-6141.2089-615.7575611313001.1385771.407776-5779.2343-663.8257811412950.6767726.683208-5417.2596-714.2326711512810.4405682.872985-5057.0507-764.2281911612577.2192639.977107-4695.0761-818.009111712246.7147596.847796-4334.8672-871.3786311811816.5256554.662325-3972.8925-928.6291211911286.3735513.420694-3612.6836-985.4682312010653.0479472.019368-3250.7089-1044.80531219911.9979431.591376-2890.5-1105.19361229064.2856392.13672-2528.5254-1166.63321238107.509352.596105-2166.5507-1230.65041247040.0502316.580143-1806.3418-1295.75071255860.0384302.735182-1500.8885-1361.93421264566.9427299.21053-1084.1582-1429.20071273121.0965296.688707-722.1836-1497.55031281636.9235294.653552-361.9747-1583.97561290294.6535520-1639.12091.人群荷载内力计算分别对各计算截面的弯矩影响线和剪力影响线进行最不利布载,得到内力结果如下表所示:第96页
表4—10人群荷载内力人群活载内力汇总截面编号Mmax(Kn·m)Qmax(Kn)Mmin(Kn·m)Qmin(Kn)10138.14620-34.21612166.8484133.586-42.7702-34.21613322.2964121.9546-85.3317-34.73034466.2098114.3059-128.101935.36745466.2098114.3059-128.1019-126.06026719.835599.7685-213.4336-38.03867829.681892.8798-255.9951-38.79878928.530186.2445-298.7653-40.449191016.380379.9668-341.5355-42.3231101093.634973.935-384.097-44.443111160.025568.1491-426.8672-46.8088121216.088762.7023-469.4288-49.3794131262.226857.4044-512.1989-52.1886141298.305852.5239-554.7605-55.2361151324.727947.7923-597.5306-58.47161341.761543.4557-640.0922-61.9348171349.808839.2681-682.8624-65.6306181349.272435.3823-725.6325-69.4307191340.15231.787-768.1941-73.514201323.252628.2931-810.9642-77.7507211298.305825.3044-853.5258-82.1277221265.982322.4655-896.296-86.6357231226.952619.8278-938.8575-91.3449241181.082717.3912-981.6277-96.2552251129.311515.2453-1024.3979-101.18798261071.638813.2856-1066.9594-106.30698271008.601211.5122-1109.7296-111.5154128940.86939.9921-1152.2911-116.902729868.44328.6435-1195.0613-122.364430792.12757.4922-1237.6228-127.889531509.18126.5273-1281.9913-133.466832378.83275.7188-1365.639-139.200533287.87165.0818-1465.8695-144.971534229.64754.6049-1588.4426-150.768635197.48424.277-1686.7804-156.580636180.96114.087-1890.941-162.396337180.52894.0237-2062.2825-168.33864第96页
38171.8705213.1989-1835.4664-10.059239171.2744214.1042-1647.1212-10.059240178.8971201.0012-456.9330-10.378841194.8055194.8800-1257.4879-10.744742218.9401188.8557-1098.1578-11.158243263.5023182.7419-943.5108-11.691044305.8105176.5499-818.6018-12.354245372.1229170.4697-701.8109-13.129146449.8804164.5012-603.5885-14.015847538.4571158.3018-522.9734-15.088848681.5696152.2290-453.8035-16.288449817.6890146.2829-405.5380-17.6148501017.1627134.4578-370.8636-19.1162511316.3229134.4578-349.6425-19.1162521621.0940128.5937-345.3654-22.5773531706.0084122.7221-345.3654-24.6040541785.4983117.1448-345.2313-26.7165551859.3551111.4260-345.3654-29.1046561927.3701106.0015-345.3654-31.5784571988.9175100.5919-345.2313-34.2758582043.579895.3387-344.8289-37.1296592091.565990.1154-345.3654-40.2218602132.458385.1790-345.3654-43.3924612166.257280.2798-345.3654-46.8088622192.753975.5445-345.3654-50.3891632211.739671.1967-345.3654-54.1333642223.214666.4577-345.3654-58.1421652226.970062.2179-345.4996-62.2179662223.214658.1421-345.3654-66.4577672211.739654.1333-345.3654-70.8614682192.753950.3891-345.3654-75.5445692166.257246.8088-345.3654-80.2798702132.458343.3924-345.3654-85.1790712091.565940.2218-345.3654-90.1154722043.579837.1296-344.8289-95.3387731988.917534.2758-345.2313-100.59188741927.370131.5784-345.3654-106.00148751859.355129.1046-345.3654-111.42599761785.498326.7165-345.2313-117.14483771706.008424.6040-345.3654-122.72209781621.094023.6950-345.3654-128.59367791316.322919.1162-349.6425-134.45781801017.162719.1162-370.8636-134.45781第96页
81817.689017.6148-405.5380-146.2829482681.569616.2884-453.8035-152.2290483538.457115.0888-522.9734-158.3018184449.880414.0158-603.5885-164.5012585372.122913.1291-701.8109-170.469786305.810512.3542-818.6018-176.5499287263.502311.6910-943.5108-182.7419188218.940111.1582-1098.1578-188.8556689194.805510.7447-1257.4879-194.8799990178.897110.3788-456.9330-201.0011991171.274410.0592-1647.1212-214.1042292171.870510.0592-1835.4664-213.1988993180.5289168.3386-2062.2825-4.023794180.9611162.3963-1890.9410-4.087095197.4842156.5806-1686.7804-4.277096229.6475150.7686-1588.4426-4.604997287.8716144.9715-1465.8695-5.081898378.8327139.2005-1365.6390-5.718899509.1812133.4668-1281.9913-6.5273100792.1275127.8895-1237.6228-7.4922101868.4432122.3644-1195.0613-8.6435102940.8693116.9027-1152.2911-9.99211031008.6012111.5154-1109.7296-11.51221041071.6388106.3070-1066.9594-13.28561051129.3115101.1880-1024.3979-15.24531061181.082796.2552-981.6277-17.39121071226.952691.3449-938.8575-19.82781081265.982386.6357-896.2960-22.46551091298.305882.1277-853.5258-25.30441101323.252677.7501-810.9642-28.40791111340.152073.5140-768.1941-31.78701121349.272469.4307-725.6325-35.38231131349.808865.6306-682.8624-39.26811141341.761561.9348-640.0922-43.45571151324.727958.4700-597.5306-47.79231161298.305855.2361-554.7605-52.52391171262.226852.1886-512.1989-57.40441181216.088749.3794-469.4288-62.70231191160.025546.8088-426.8672-68.14911201093.634944.4430-384.0970-73.93501211016.380342.3231-341.5355-79.9668122928.530140.4491-298.7653-86.2445123829.681838.7987-255.9951-92.8798第96页
124719.835538.0386-213.4336-99.7685125466.209836.2578-128.1019-106.91054126466.209835.3674-128.1019-114.3059127322.296434.7303-85.3317-121.95461128166.848434.2161-42.7702-133.586011290.000034.21610.0000-138.146184.5基础变位产生的内力对于超静定结构,当存在外部多余约束时,外部约束的非均匀位移将会引起结构内力变形和受力。对于连续梁桥、刚构桥、上承式拱桥或多孔连拱桥、连续桁架桥、桁式组合拱桥等具有外部多余约束的桥梁来说,墩台基础的非均匀沉降,将导致外部约束的非均匀位移,从而使桥梁内部变形,产生次内力和次应力。根据参考文献,知相邻墩台均匀总沉降差值(不包括施工中的沉降)为1.0。其中L为相邻墩台间最小跨径长度,以m计。跨径小于25m时仍以25m计算。本桥的计算过程中,假设左半跨的桥墩发生了沉降,左半跨结构的桥墩不发生沉降,相邻梁墩的均匀总沉降值为1.0,即1.0×=8.37cm,水平支座不发生位移。其计算结果如下表所示:表4—11基础沉降内力基础变位内力汇总基础变位内力汇总截面编号M(KN·n)Q(KN)截面编号M(KN·n)Q(KN)10362.672664966.787-313.1992453.34362.672674575.288-313.1993906.68362.672684183.79-313.19941360.021362.672693792.291-313.19951813.361362.672703400.792-313.19962266.701362.672713009.294-313.19972720.041362.672722617.795-313.19983173.382362.672732226.296-313.19993626.722362.672741834.798-313.199104080.062362.672751443.299-313.199114533.402362.672761051.8-313.199124986.743362.67277660.302-313.199135440.083362.67278268.803-313.199145893.423362.67279-122.696-313.199第96页
156346.763362.67280-514.195-313.199166800.104362.67281-905.693-313.199177253.444362.67282-1297.192-313.199187706.784362.67283-1688.691-313.199198160.124362.67284-2080.189-313.199208613.465362.67285-2471.688-313.199219066.805362.67286-2863.187-313.199229520.145362.67287-3254.685-313.199239973.485362.67288-3646.184-313.1992410426.826362.67289-4037.683-313.1992510880.166362.67290-4429.181-313.1992611333.506362.67291-4820.68-313.1992711786.846362.67292-5212.179-313.1992812240.187362.67293-5603.677124.5262912693.527362.67294-5448.02124.5263013146.867362.67295-5292.362124.5263113600.207362.67296-5136.704124.5263214053.548362.67297-4981.047124.5263314506.888362.67298-4825.389124.5263414960.228362.67299-4669.731124.5263515413.568362.672100-4514.073124.5263615866.909362.672101-4358.416124.5263716320.249-313.199102-4202.758124.5263815928.75-313.199103-4047.1124.5263915537.252-313.199104-3891.443124.5264015145.753-313.199105-3735.785124.5264114754.254-313.199106-3580.127124.5264214362.756-313.199107-3424.47124.5264313971.257-313.199108-3268.812124.5264413579.758-313.199109-3113.154124.5264513188.26-313.199110-2957.496124.5264612796.761-313.199111-2801.839124.5264712405.262-313.199112-2646.181124.5264812013.763-313.199113-2490.523124.5264911622.265-313.199114-2334.866124.5265011230.766-313.199115-2179.208124.5265110839.267-313.199116-2023.55124.5265210447.769-313.199117-1867.892124.5265310056.27-313.199118-1712.235124.526549664.771-313.199119-1556.577124.526559273.273-313.199120-1400.919124.526568881.774-313.199121-1245.262124.526578490.275-313.199122-1089.604124.526第96页
588098.777-313.199123-933.946124.526597707.278-313.199124-778.289124.526607315.779-313.199125-622.631124.526616924.281-313.199126-466.973124.526626532.782-313.199127-311.315124.526636141.283-313.199128-155.658124.526645749.784-313.1991290124.526655358.286-313.1994.6温度产生的内力温度应力实际上是一种约束力,它可以分为两种:内约束力和外约束力内约束力是指结构物内部某一构件单元中,因纤维的温度不同所产生的应变差受到纤维间的相互约束而引起的应力,它可以称为温度自约束应力或温度自应力;外部约束应力指结构或体系内部各构件,因温度不同所产生的不同变形受到结构外部约束而产生的应力,可称为温度次约束应力或温度应力。显然,只有非线性温度场才可能产生温度自应力,只有超静定结构中才可能产生温度次应力。本桥为变截面连续梁桥,显然产生的是温度次应力。均匀温度---温度在构件截面均匀变化;梯度温度---温度沿构件截面高度方向线性或非线性变化。本桥计算中,采用均匀温度作用方式。其计算结果如下表所示:表4—12温度内力温度内力汇总截面编号升温作用降温作用 M(Kn·n)Q(kn)M(Kn·n)Q(kn)10-16.425022.5262-20.532-16.42528.15822.5263-41.064-16.42556.31622.5264-61.595-16.42584.47422.5265-82.127-16.425112.63122.5266-102.659-16.425140.78922.5267-123.191-16.425168.94722.5268-143.722-16.425197.10522.5269-164.254-16.425225.26322.52610-184.786-16.425253.42122.52611-205.318-16.425281.57922.526第96页
12-225.85-16.425309.73722.52613-246.381-16.425337.89422.52614-266.913-16.425366.05222.52615-287.445-16.425394.2122.52616-307.977-16.425422.36822.52617-328.508-16.425450.52622.52618-349.04-16.425478.68422.52619-369.572-16.425506.84222.52620-390.104-16.42553522.52621-410.636-16.425563.15722.52622-431.167-16.425591.31522.52623-451.699-16.425619.47322.52624-472.231-16.425647.63122.52625-492.763-16.425675.78922.52626-513.295-16.425703.94722.52627-533.826-16.425732.10522.52628-554.358-16.425760.26322.52629-574.89-16.425788.4222.52630-595.422-16.425816.57822.52631-615.953-16.425844.73622.52632-636.485-16.425872.89422.52633-657.017-16.425901.05222.52634-677.549-16.425929.2122.52635-698.081-16.425957.36822.52636-718.612-16.425985.52522.52637-739.14414.3111013.683-19.62738-721.25514.311989.15-19.62739-703.36614.311964.616-19.62740-685.47714.311940.083-19.62741-667.58814.311915.549-19.62742-649.69914.311891.016-19.62743-631.8114.311866.483-19.62744-613.92114.311841.949-19.62745-596.03214.311817.416-19.62746-578.14314.311792.882-19.62747-560.25414.311768.349-19.62748-542.36514.311743.815-19.62749-524.47614.311719.282-19.62750-506.58714.311694.748-19.62751-488.69814.311670.215-19.62752-470.80914.311645.681-19.62753-452.9214.311621.148-19.62754-435.03114.311596.614-19.627第96页
55-417.14214.311572.081-19.62756-399.25314.311547.548-19.62757-381.36414.311523.014-19.62758-363.47514.311498.481-19.62759-345.58614.311473.947-19.62760-327.69714.311449.414-19.62761-309.80814.311424.88-19.62762-291.91914.311400.347-19.62763-274.0314.311375.813-19.62764-256.14214.311351.28-19.62765-238.25314.311326.746-19.62766-220.36414.311302.213-19.62767-202.47514.311277.679-19.62768-184.58614.311253.146-19.62769-166.69714.311228.612-19.62770-148.80814.311204.079-19.62771-130.91914.311179.546-19.62772-113.0314.311155.012-19.62773-95.14114.311130.479-19.62774-77.25214.311105.945-19.62775-59.36314.31181.412-19.62776-41.47414.31156.878-19.62777-23.58514.31132.345-19.62778-5.69614.3117.811-19.6277912.19314.311-16.722-19.6278030.08214.311-41.256-19.6278147.97114.311-65.789-19.6278265.8614.311-90.323-19.6278383.74914.311-114.856-19.62784101.63814.311-139.39-19.62785119.52714.311-163.923-19.62786137.41614.311-188.456-19.62787155.30514.311-212.99-19.62788173.19414.311-237.523-19.62789191.08314.311-262.057-19.62790208.97214.311-286.59-19.62791226.86114.311-311.124-19.62792244.7514.311-335.657-19.62793262.639-5.836-360.1918.00494255.344-5.836-350.1858.00495248.048-5.836-340.188.00496240.752-5.836-330.1758.00497233.457-5.836-320.178.004第96页
98226.161-5.836-310.1648.00499218.866-5.836-300.1598.004100211.57-5.836-290.1548.004101204.275-5.836-280.1488.004102196.979-5.836-270.1438.004103189.684-5.836-260.1388.004104182.388-5.836-250.1328.004105175.093-5.836-240.1278.004106167.797-5.836-230.1228.004107160.502-5.836-220.1178.004108153.206-5.836-210.1118.004109145.911-5.836-200.1068.004110138.615-5.836-190.1018.004111131.32-5.836-180.0958.004112124.024-5.836-170.098.004113116.728-5.836-160.0858.004114109.433-5.836-150.0798.004115102.137-5.836-140.0748.00411694.842-5.836-130.0698.00411787.546-5.836-120.0648.00411880.251-5.836-110.0588.00411972.955-5.836-100.0538.00412065.66-5.836-90.0488.00412158.364-5.836-80.0428.00412251.069-5.836-70.0378.00412343.773-5.836-60.0328.00412436.478-5.836-50.0268.00412529.182-5.836-40.0218.00412621.887-5.836-30.0168.00412714.591-5.836-20.0118.0041287.296-5.836-10.0058.0041290-5.83608.0044.7内力组合公路桥涵结构采用以可靠度理论为基础的概率极限状态法设计。所谓极限状态法,是指整体结构或构件的某一特定状态,超过这一状态界限,结构或构件就不再满足设计规定的某一功能要求。依据参考文献《公路桥涵设计通用规范》,公路桥涵结构按承载能力极限状态设计时,应采用以下两种作用效应组合:基本组合与偶然组合。本桥采用基本组合,其组合表达式为:第96页
正常使用极限状态设计是以弹性或塑性理论为基础,涉及构件的强度和刚度、抗裂和挠度三方面的验算。其作用效应组合有两种:短期效应和长期效应。短期效应组合为永久作用标准值效应与可变作用频遇值效应相组合,其效应组合表达式为:式中——作用短期效应组合设计值;——第j个可变作用效应的频遇值系数,汽车荷载(不计冲击力)=0.7,人群荷载=1.0,风荷载=0.75,温度梯度作用=0.8,其他作用=1.0;——第j个可变作用效应的频遇值。长期效应组合为永久作用标准值效应与可变作用准永久值效应相组合,其效应组合表达式为:式中——作用长期效应组合设计值;——第j个可变作用效应的准永久值系数,汽车荷载(不计冲击力)=0.4,人群荷载=0.4,风荷载=0.75,温度梯度作用=0.8,其他作用=1.0;——第j个可变作用效应的准永久值。第96页
表4—1337截面-10336616320.251803.528180.52891013.683-10336608160.1252524.94176.9183993.4093-91510.5弯矩Max(KN.m)33截面-6778814506.893443.562287.8716901.052-6778807253.4444820.987282.1142883.031-54548.528截面-32766.112240.198582.421940.8693760.263-32766.106120.09412015.39922.0519745.0577-12963.525截面-16545.310880.1710555.611129.312675.789-16545.305440.08314777.861106.725662.27325441.59919截面5882.9548160.12412843.991340.152506.84207059.5454080.06217981.581313.349496.705230931.2513截面15638.35440.08312246.711262.227337.894018765.962720.04217145.41236.982331.136140199.52第96页
10截面16009.484080.06210653.051093.635253.421019211.372040.03114914.271071.762248.352637485.785截面10220.411813.3615860.038466.2098112.631012264.49906.68058204.054456.8856110.378421942.49注:上表为极限承载能力组合1截面000000000000荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.2*(1)0.5*(2)1.4*(3)1.4*0.7*(4)1.4*0.7*(5)sud=6+8+9+10+11或者7+8+9+10+11序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)表4—1497截面-67788-4981.053443.562287.8716233.457-677880-2490.524820.987282.1142228.7879-64946.7弯矩Mmax(KN·m)93截面-103366-5603.681803.528180.5289262.639-1033660-2801.842524.94176.9183257.3862-10320986截面-43225.9-2863.194301.735305.8105137.416-43225.90-1431.596022.429299.6943134.6677-38200.779截面-2499-122.69611147.831316.32312.193-24990-61.34815606.961289.99611.9491414348.5672截面20929.22617.79516013.522043.58155.012025115.041308.89822418.932002.708151.911850997.49第96页
65截面28527.215358.28617450.572226.97326.746034232.652679.14324430.82182.431320.211163845.2358截面20929.28098.77716013.522043.58498.481025115.044049.38922418.932002.708488.511454074.5851截面-249910839.2711147.831316.323670.215-249905419.63415606.961289.996656.810720474.41注:上表为极限承载能力组合44截面-43225.913579.764301.735305.8105841.949-43225.906789.8796022.429299.6943825.11-29288.8荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.2*(1)0.5*(2)1.4*(3)1.4*0.7*(4)1.4*0.7*(5)sud=6+8+9+10+11或者7+8+9+10+11序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)表4—15129截面000000000000弯矩Mmax(KN·m)125截面10220.406-622.6315860.0384466.2098129.182012264.4872-311.31558204.05376456.88561428.5983620642.7094120截面16009.475-1400.91910653.04791093.6348765.66019211.37-700.459514914.26711071.7621764.346834561.2865第96页
117截面15638.302-1867.89212246.71471262.2268587.546018765.9624-933.94617145.40061236.9823185.7950836300.1944111截面5882.954-2801.83912843.9891340.15202131.3207059.5448-1400.919517981.58461313.34898128.693625082.2525105截面-16545.341-3735.78510555.61291129.31145175.093-16545.3410-1867.892514777.85811106.72522171.59114-2357.0591注:上表为极限承载能力组合102截面-32766.131-4202.7588582.4207940.869338196.979-32766.1310-2101.37912015.389922.051951193.03942-21737.03荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.2*(1)0.5*(2)1.4*(3)1.4*0.7*(4)1.4*0.7*(5)sud=6+8+9+10+11或者7+8+9+10+11序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)表4—1637截面-103365.916320.249-1768.202-2062.282-739.1440-124039.18160.1245-2475.483-2021.037-724.3611-121099.8弯矩Mmin(KN·M)33截面-67788.0314506.888-1593.857-1465.87-657.0170-81345.647253.444-2231.4-1436.552-643.8767-78404.0228截面-32766.1312240.187-1361.665-1152.291-554.3580-39319.366120.0935-1906.33-1129.245-543.2708-36778.1125截面-16545.3410880.166-1217.939-1024.398-492.7630-19854.415440.083-1705.114-1003.91-482.9077-17606.26第96页
19截面5882.9548160.124-928.7183-768.1941-369.5725882.95404080.062-1300.206-752.8302-362.18067547.799613截面15638.3025440.083-644.6206-512.1989-246.38115638.30202720.0415-902.4688-501.9549-241.453416712.46610截面16009.4754080.062-509.8009-384.097-184.78616009.47502040.031-713.7213-376.4151-181.090316778.2795截面10220.4061813.361-326.9675-128.1019-82.12710220.4060906.6805-457.7545-125.5399-80.4844610463.308注:上表为极限承载能力组合1截面00-318.238900000-445.534500-445.5345荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.2*(1)0.5*(2)1.4*(3)1.4*0.7*(4)1.4*0.7*(5)sud=6+8+9+10+11或者7+8+9+10+11截面号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)表4—1793截面-103365.91-5603.677-48.657555-2062.2825-360.1910-124039.09-2801.8385-68.120577-2021.0368-352.98718-129283.07弯矩Mmin(KN·M)86截面-43225.928-2863.187-1711.0395-818.60178-188.4560-51871.114-1431.5935-2395.4552-802.22974-184.68688-56685.07979截面-2498.996-122.696-1408.4083-349.64246-16.7220-2998.7952-61.348-1971.7716-342.64961-16.38756-5390.952第96页
72截面20929.2042617.795-1093.3236-344.82895-113.0320929.20401308.8975-1530.6531-337.93237-110.769420258.746665截面28527.2075358.286-790.2527-345.49956-238.25328527.20702679.143-1106.3538-338.58957-233.4879429527.918758截面20929.2048098.777-521.5228-344.82895-363.47520929.20404049.3885-730.13192-337.93237-356.205523554.322751截面-2498.99610839.267-277.7978-349.64246-488.6980-2998.79525419.6335-388.91692-342.64961-478.924041210.34773注:上表为极限承载能力组合44截面-43225.92813579.758-145.0862-818.60178-613.9210-51871.1146789.879-203.12068-802.22974-601.64258-46688.228荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.2*(1)0.5*(2)1.4*(3)1.4*0.7*(4)1.4*0.7*(5)sud=6+8+9+10+11或者7+8+9+10+11截面号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)表4—18129截面00-1639.120900000-2294.769200-2294.7692弯矩Mmin(KN·M)125截面10220.406-622.631-1361.9342-128.10189-40.02110220.4060-311.3155-1906.7078-125.53985-39.220587837.62225第96页
120截面16009.475-1400.919-1044.8053-384.09704-90.04816009.4750-700.4595-1462.7274-376.41509-88.2470413381.6259117截面15638.302-1867.892-871.37863-512.19893-120.06415638.3020-933.946-1219.9301-501.95495-117.6627212864.8082111截面5882.954-2801.839-569.98025-768.19407-180.0955882.9540-1400.9195-797.97235-752.83019-176.49312754.73887105截面-16545.341-3735.785-328.35289-1024.3979-240.1270-19854.409-1867.8925-459.69405-1003.9099-235.32446-23421.23102截面-32766.131-4202.758-229.3533-1152.2911-270.1430-39319.357-2101.379-321.09462-1129.2453-264.74014-43135.816注:上表为极限承载能力组合97截面-67788.033-4981.047-96.169889-1465.8695-320.170-81345.64-2490.5235-134.63784-1436.5521-313.7666-85721.12荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.2*(1)0.5*(2)1.4*(3)1.4*0.7*(4)1.4*0.7*(5)sud=6+8+9+10+11或者7+8+9+10+11截面号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)表4—1937截面8065.075-313.19945.05154.02367514.31109678.09-156.663.07213.94320214.024789602.531第96页
剪力Qmax(KN·M)33截面-6432.6362.67289.0435.081822.526-6432.60181.336124.66024.98016422.07548-6099.5428截面-4786.88362.672212.35669.992122.526-4786.880181.336297.29929.79225822.07548-4276.3825截面-3874.1362.672304.019615.245322.526-3874.10181.336425.627414.9403922.07548-3230.1219截面-2118.43362.672527.740231.78722.526-2118.430181.336738.836331.1512622.07548-1145.0313截面-496.052362.672806.801957.404422.526-496.0520181.3361129.52356.2563122.07548893.138510截面296.91362.672967.375773.93522.5260356.292181.3361354.32672.456322.075481986.4865截面1548.624362.6721261.002114.305922.52601858.349181.3361765.402112.019822.075483939.182注:上表为极限承载能力组合1截面2539.17362.6721517.645138.146222.52603047.004181.3362124.703135.383322.075485510.502荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.2*(1)0.5*(2)1.4*(3)1.4*0.7*(4)1.4*0.7*(5)sud=6+8+9+10+11或者7+8+9+10+11序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)表4—2093截面8065.075124.5261637.159168.33868.00409678.0962.2632292.023164.97197.8439212205.19第96页
剪力Qmax(KN)86截面5710.962-313.199134.333812.3541714.31106853.154-156.6188.067312.1070914.024786910.75479截面3627.298-313.199257.210519.1161814.31104352.758-156.6360.094718.7338614.024784589.01172截面1745.613-313.199482.873237.1295814.31102094.736-156.6676.022436.3869914.024782664.5765截面0-313.199731.687362.2179414.31100-156.61024.36260.9735814.02478942.761158截面1745.613-313.1991012.29795.3387414.31102094.736-156.61417.21693.4319714.024783462.80951截面3627.298-313.1991304.03134.457814.31104352.758-156.61825.641131.768714.024786167.593注:上表为极限承载能力组合44截面5710.962-313.1991584.231176.549914.31106853.154-156.62217.924173.018914.024789101.523荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.2*(1)0.5*(2)1.4*(3)1.4*0.7*(4)1.4*0.7*(5)sud=6+8+9+10+11或者7+8+9+10+11序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)表4—21129截面2539.17124.526294.653634.216148.00403047.00462.263412.51533.531827.843923563.158第96页
剪力Qmax(KN)125截面1548.624124.526302.735236.257788.00401858.34962.263423.829335.532637.843922387.818120截面296.91124.526472.019444.442988.0040356.29262.263660.827143.554127.843921130.78117截面-496.052124.526596.847852.188568.004-496.052062.263835.586951.144787.84392460.7866111截面-2118.43124.526859.891273.514038.004-2118.43062.2631203.84872.043757.84392-772.431105截面-3874.1124.5261127.677101.1888.004-3874.1062.2631578.74899.164227.84392-2126.08102截面-4786.88124.5261260.751116.90278.004-4786.88062.2631765.052114.56467.84392-2837.16注:上表为极限承载能力组合97截面-6432.6124.5261475.735144.97158.004-6432.6062.2632066.029142.07217.84392-4154.39荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.2*(1)0.5*(2)1.4*(3)1.4*0.7*(4)1.4*0.7*(5)sud=6+8+9+10+11或者7+8+9+10+11序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)表4—2237截面8065.075-313.199-1768.2-168.339-19.6278065.0750-156.6-2475.48-164.972-19.23455248.786第96页
剪力Qmin(KN)33截面-6432.6362.672-1593.86-144.972-16.4250-7719.11181.336-2231.4-142.072-16.0965-9927.3528截面-4786.88362.672-1361.66-116.903-16.4250-5744.26181.336-1906.33-114.565-16.0965-7599.9125截面-3874.1362.672-1217.94-101.188-16.4250-4648.92181.336-1705.11-99.1642-16.0965-6287.9619截面-2118.43362.672-928.718-73.514-16.4250-2542.11181.336-1300.21-72.0437-16.0965-3749.1213截面-496.052362.672-644.621-52.1886-16.4250-595.262181.336-902.469-51.1448-16.0965-1383.6410截面296.91362.672-509.801-44.443-16.425296.910181.336-713.721-43.5541-16.0965-295.1265截面1548.624362.672-326.968-126.06-16.4251548.6240181.336-457.755-123.539-16.09651132.57注:上表为极限承载能力组合1截面2539.17362.672-318.239-34.2161-16.4252539.170181.336-445.534-33.5318-16.09652225.343荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(6)1.2*(1)0.5*(2)1.4*(3)1.4*0.7*(4)1.4*0.7*(5)sud=6+8+9+10+11或者7+8+9+10+11序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)第96页
表4—2393截面8065.075124.526-48.6576-4.02368-5.8368065.075062.263-68.1206-3.9432-5.719288049.555剪力Qmin(KN)86截面5710.962-313.199-1711.04-176.55-19.6275710.9620-156.6-2395.46-173.019-19.23452966.65479截面3627.298-313.199-1408.41-134.458-19.6273627.2980-156.6-1971.77-131.769-19.23451347.92472截面1745.613-313.199-1093.32-95.3387-19.6271745.6130-156.6-1530.65-93.432-19.2345-54.30665截面0-313.199-790.253-62.2179-19.62700-156.6-1106.35-60.9736-19.2345-1343.1658截面1745.613-313.199-521.523-37.1296-19.6271745.6130-156.6-730.132-36.387-19.2345803.260151截面3627.298-313.199-277.798-19.1162-19.6273627.2980-156.6-388.917-18.7339-19.23453043.813注:上表为极限承载能力组合44截面5710.962-313.199-145.086-12.3542-19.6275710.9620-156.6-203.121-12.1071-19.23455319.9荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(6)1.2*(1)0.5*(2)1.4*(3)1.4*0.7*(4)1.4*0.7*(5)sud=6+8+9+10+11或者7+8+9+10+11序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)第96页
表4—24129截面2539.17124.526-1639.12-138.146-5.8362539.17062.263-2294.77-135.383-5.71928165.5612剪力Qmin(KN)125截面1548.624124.526-1361.93-106.911-5.8361548.624062.263-1906.71-104.772-5.71928-406.312120截面296.91124.526-1044.81-73.935-5.836296.91062.263-1462.73-72.4563-5.71928-1181.73117截面-496.052124.526-871.379-57.4044-5.8360-595.26262.263-1219.93-56.2563-5.71928-1814.91111截面-2118.43124.526-569.98-31.787-5.8360-2542.1162.263-797.972-31.1513-5.71928-3314.69105截面-3874.1124.526-328.353-15.2453-5.8360-4648.9262.263-459.694-14.9404-5.71928-5067.01102截面-4786.88124.526-229.353-9.99213-5.8360-5744.2662.263-321.095-9.79228-5.71928-6018.6注:上表为极限承载能力组合97截面-6432.6124.526-96.1699-5.08175-5.8360-7719.1162.263-134.638-4.98012-5.71928-7802.19荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(6)1.2*(1)0.5*(2)1.4*(3)1.4*0.7*(4)1.4*0.7*(5)sud=6+8+9+10+11或者7+8+9+10+11序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)第96页
表4—2537截面-10336616320.251803.528180.52891013.683-10336616320.251262.47180.5289810.9464-84791.7Mmax(KN·M)33截面-6778814506.893443.562287.8716901.052-6778814506.892410.493287.8716720.8416-49861.928截面-32766.112240.198582.421940.8693760.263-32766.112240.196007.694940.8693608.2104-12969.225截面-16545.310880.1710555.611129.312675.789-16545.310880.177388.9291129.312540.63123393.69719截面5882.9548160.12412843.991340.152506.8425882.9548160.1248990.7921340.152405.473624779.513截面15638.35440.08312246.711262.227337.89415638.35440.0838572.71262.227270.315231183.6310截面16009.484080.06210653.051093.635253.42116009.484080.0627457.1341093.635202.736828843.045截面10220.411813.3615860.038466.2098112.63110220.411813.3614102.027466.209890.104816692.11注:以上为短期荷载效应组合1截面00000000000截面类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.7*(3)1.0*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—2693截面-103365.91-5603.6771803.5283180.528885262.639-103365.91-5603.6771262.46981180.528885210.1112-107316.47Mmax(KN·M)86截面-43225.928-2863.1874301.7348305.810477137.416-43225.928-2863.1873011.21436305.810477109.9328-42662.15779截面-2498.996-122.69611147.831316.3229212.193-2498.996-122.6967803.4811316.322929.75446507.8663272截面20929.2042617.79516013.52232043.57983155.01220929.2042617.79511209.46562043.57983124.009636924.05465截面28527.2075358.28617450.57042226.96999326.74628527.2075358.28612215.39932226.96999261.396848589.259158截面20929.2048098.77716013.52222043.57983498.48120929.2048098.77711209.46552043.57983398.784842679.811251截面-2498.99610839.26711147.83011316.32292670.215-2498.99610839.2677803.481071316.32292536.17217996.247注:以上为短期荷载效应组合44截面-43225.92813579.7584301.7348305.810477841.949-43225.92813579.7583011.21436305.810477673.5592-25655.586截面类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.7*(3)1.0*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—27129截面00000000000Mmax(KN·M)125截面10220.406-622.6315860.0384466.2098129.18210220.406-622.6314102.02688466.2098123.345614189.3573120截面16009.475-1400.91910653.04791093.6348765.6616009.475-1400.9197457.133531093.6348752.52823211.8524117截面15638.302-1867.89212246.71471262.2268587.54615638.302-1867.8928572.700291262.2268570.036823675.3739111截面5882.954-2801.83912843.9891340.15202131.325882.954-2801.8398990.79231340.15202105.05613517.1153105截面-16545.341-3735.78510555.61291129.31145175.093-16545.341-3735.7857388.929031129.31145140.0744-11622.811102截面-32766.131-4202.7588582.4207940.869338196.979-32766.131-4202.7586007.69449940.869338157.5832-29862.742注:以上为短期荷载效应组合97截面-67788.033-4981.0473443.5618287.871593233.457-67788.033-4981.0472410.49326287.871593186.7656-69883.95截面类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.7*(3)1.0*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—2837截面-10336616320.25-15251.2-2062.28-739.144-10336616320.25-10675.8-2062.28-591.315-100375Mmin(KN·M)33截面-6778814506.89-11986.6-1465.87-657.017-6778814506.89-8390.63-1465.87-525.614-63663.328截面-32766.112240.19-9752.13-1152.29-554.358-32766.112240.19-6826.49-1152.29-443.486-28948.225截面-16545.310880.17-8669.73-1024.4-492.763-16545.310880.17-6068.81-1024.4-394.21-13152.619截面5882.9548160.124-6501.42-768.194-369.5725882.9548160.124-4550.99-768.194-295.6588428.23413截面15638.35440.083-4334.87-512.199-246.38115638.35440.083-3034.41-512.199-197.10517334.6710截面16009.484080.062-3250.71-384.097-184.78616009.484080.062-2275.5-384.097-147.82917282.115截面10220.411813.361-1500.89-128.102-82.12710220.411813.361-1050.62-128.102-65.701610789.34注:以上为短期荷载效应组合1截面00000000000荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.7*(3)1.0*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—2993截面-103365.91-5603.677-15251.186-2062.2825-360.191-103365.91-5603.677-10675.83-2062.2825-288.1528-121995.85Mmin(KN·M)86截面-43225.928-2863.187-6350.822-818.60178-188.456-43225.928-2863.187-4445.5754-818.60178-150.7648-51504.05779截面-2498.996-122.696-3770.0807-349.64246-16.722-2498.996-122.696-2639.0565-349.64246-13.3776-5623.768572截面20929.2042617.795-3171.0757-344.82895-113.0320929.2042617.795-2219.753-344.82895-90.42420891.993165截面28527.2075358.286-2602.507-345.49956-238.25328527.2075358.286-1821.7549-345.49956-190.602431527.636158截面20929.2048098.777-3171.0757-344.82895-363.47520929.2048098.777-2219.753-344.82895-290.7826172.619151截面-2498.99610839.267-3770.0807-349.64246-488.698-2498.99610839.267-2639.0565-349.64246-390.95844960.61366注:以上为短期荷载效应组合44截面-43225.92813579.758-6350.822-818.60178-613.921-43225.92813579.758-4445.5754-818.60178-491.1368-35401.484荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.7*(3)1.0*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—30129截面00000000000Mmin(KN·M)125截面10220.406-622.631-1500.8885-128.10189-40.02110220.406-622.631-1050.622-128.10189-32.01688387.03436120截面16009.475-1400.919-3250.7089-384.09704-90.04816009.475-1400.919-2275.4962-384.09704-72.038411876.9243117截面15638.302-1867.892-4334.8672-512.19893-120.06415638.302-1867.892-3034.407-512.19893-96.051210127.7528111截面5882.954-2801.839-6501.4179-768.19407-180.0955882.954-2801.839-4550.9925-768.19407-144.076-2382.1476105截面-16545.341-3735.785-8669.7343-1024.3979-240.127-16545.341-3735.785-6068.814-1024.3979-192.1016-27566.439102截面-32766.131-4202.758-9752.1286-1152.2911-270.143-32766.131-4202.758-6826.49-1152.2911-216.1144-45163.785注:以上为短期荷载效应组合97截面-67788.033-4981.047-11986.617-1465.8695-320.17-67788.033-4981.047-8390.6316-1465.8695-256.136-82881.717荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.7*(3)1.0*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—3137截面8065.075-313.19945.05154.02367514.3118065.075-313.19931.536054.02367511.44887798.88453Qmax(KN)33截面-6432.595362.67289.0435.081822.526-6432.595362.67262.33015.081818.0208-5984.490328截面-4786.88362.672212.35669.992122.526-4786.88362.672148.649629.992118.0208-4247.545525截面-3874.098362.672304.019615.245322.526-3874.098362.672212.8137215.245318.0208-3265.346219截面-2118.429362.672527.740231.78722.526-2118.429362.672369.4181431.78718.0208-1336.531113截面-496.052362.672806.801957.404422.526-496.052362.672564.7613357.404418.0208506.8065310截面296.91362.672967.375773.93522.526296.91362.672677.1629973.93518.02081428.700795截面1548.624362.6721261.0016114.305922.5261548.624362.672882.70112114.305918.02082926.32382注:以上为短期荷载效应组合1截面2539.17362.6721517.6453138.146222.5262539.17362.6721062.35171138.146218.02084120.36071荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.7*(3)1.0*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—3293截面8065.075124.5261637.15904168.338648.0048065.075124.5261146.01133168.338646.40329510.35417Qmax(KN)86截面5710.962-313.199134.33381412.354172514.3115710.962-313.19994.033669812.354172511.44885515.5996479截面3627.298-313.199257.21051919.116181914.3113627.298-313.199180.04736319.116181911.44883524.7113472截面1745.613-313.199482.87315337.129578814.3111745.613-313.199338.01120737.129578811.44881819.0035965截面0-313.199731.687362.217937514.3110-313.199512.1811162.217937511.4488272.64884858截面1745.613-313.1991012.29795.338743814.3111745.613-313.199708.607995.338743811.44882247.8094451截面3627.298-313.1991304.0296134.45780614.3113627.298-313.199912.82072134.45780611.44884372.82633注:以上为短期荷载效应组合44截面5710.962-313.1991584.2314176.54991814.3115710.962-313.1991108.96198176.54991811.44886694.7237荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.7*(3)1.0*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—33129截面2539.17124.526294.65355234.216148.0042539.17124.526206.25748634.216146.40322910.57283Qmax(KN)125截面1548.624124.526302.73518236.25778258.0041548.624124.526211.91462736.25778256.40321927.72561120截面296.91124.526472.01936844.44298068.004296.91124.526330.41355744.44298066.4032802.695738117截面-496.052124.526596.84779652.1885558.004-496.052124.526417.79345752.1885556.4032104.859212111截面-2118.429124.526859.89115873.51403258.004-2118.429124.526601.92381173.51403256.4032-1312.062105截面-3874.098124.5261127.67729101.1879758.004-3874.098124.526789.374104101.1879756.4032-2852.6067102截面-4786.88124.5261260.75123116.9026618.004-4786.88124.526882.525862116.9026616.4032-3656.5223注:以上为短期荷载效应组合97截面-6432.595124.5261475.73535144.971528.004-6432.595124.5261033.01475144.971526.4032-5123.6795荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.7*(3)1.0*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—3437截面8065.075-313.199-1768.2024-168.33864-19.6278065.075-313.199-1237.7417-168.33864-15.70166330.09408Qmin(KN)33截面-6432.595362.672-1593.8573-144.9715-16.425-6432.595362.672-1115.7001-144.9715-13.14-7343.734628截面-4786.88362.672-1361.6646-116.9027-16.425-4786.88362.672-953.16522-116.9027-13.14-5507.415925截面-3874.098362.672-1217.9389-101.18798-16.425-3874.098362.672-852.55723-101.18798-13.14-4478.311219截面-2118.429362.672-928.7183-73.514-16.425-2118.429362.672-650.10281-73.514-13.14-2492.513813截面-496.052362.672-644.6206-52.1886-16.425-496.052362.672-451.23442-52.1886-13.14-649.9430210截面296.91362.672-509.8009-44.443-16.425296.91362.672-356.86063-44.443-13.14245.138375截面1548.624362.672-326.9675-126.0602-16.4251548.624362.672-228.87725-126.0602-13.141543.21855注:以上为短期荷载效应组合1截面2539.17362.672-318.2389-34.2161-16.4252539.17362.672-222.76723-34.2161-13.142631.71867荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.7*(3)1.0*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—3593截面8065.075124.526-48.657555-4.023675-5.8368065.075124.526-34.060289-4.023675-4.66888146.84824Qmin(KN)86截面5710.962-313.199-1711.0395-176.54992-19.6275710.962-313.199-1197.7276-176.54992-15.70164007.7838679截面3627.298-313.199-1408.4083-134.45781-19.6273627.298-313.199-985.88581-134.45781-15.70162178.0537872截面1745.613-313.199-1093.3236-95.338744-19.6271745.613-313.199-765.32655-95.338744-15.7016556.04710665截面0-313.199-790.2527-62.217938-19.6270-313.199-553.17689-62.217938-15.7016-944.2954358截面1745.613-313.199-521.5228-37.129579-19.6271745.613-313.199-365.06596-37.129579-15.70161014.5168651截面3627.298-313.199-277.7978-19.116182-19.6273627.298-313.199-194.45846-19.116182-15.70163084.82276注:以上为短期荷载效应组合44截面5710.962-313.199-145.0862-12.354173-19.6275710.962-313.199-101.56034-12.354173-15.70165268.14689荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.7*(3)1.0*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—36129截面2539.17124.526-1639.1209-138.14618-5.8362539.17124.526-1147.3846-138.14618-4.66881373.49641Qmin(KN)125截面1548.624124.526-1361.9342-106.91054-5.8361548.624124.526-953.35391-106.91054-4.6688608.216758120截面296.91124.526-1044.8053-73.935028-5.836296.91124.526-731.36372-73.935028-4.6688-388.53155117截面-496.052124.526-871.37863-57.40443-5.836-496.052124.526-609.96504-57.40443-4.6688-1043.5643111截面-2118.429124.526-569.98025-31.787033-5.836-2118.429124.526-398.98617-31.787033-4.6688-2429.345105截面-3874.098124.526-328.35289-15.245258-5.836-3874.098124.526-229.84703-15.245258-4.6688-3999.3331102截面-4786.88124.526-229.3533-9.9921263-5.836-4786.88124.526-160.54731-9.9921263-4.6688-4837.5622注:以上为短期荷载效应组合97截面-6432.595124.526-96.169889-5.0817525-5.836-6432.595124.526-67.318922-5.0817525-4.6688-6385.1385荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.7*(3)1.0*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—3737截面-103365.9116320.2491803.5283180.5288851013.683-103365.9116320.249721.4113272.211554810.9464-85441.089Mmax(KN·M)33截面-67788.03314506.8883443.5618287.8716901.052-67788.03314506.8881377.42472115.14864720.8416-51067.7328截面-32766.13112240.1878582.4207940.8693760.263-32766.13112240.1873432.96828376.34772608.2104-16108.41825截面-16545.34110880.16610555.61291129.3115675.789-16545.34110880.1664222.24516451.7246540.6312-450.5740419截面5882.9548160.12412843.9891340.152506.8425882.9548160.1245137.5956536.0608405.473620122.20813截面15638.3025440.08312246.71471262.2268337.89415638.3025440.0834898.68588504.89072270.315226752.276810截面16009.4754080.06210653.04791093.6349253.42116009.4754080.0624261.21916437.45396202.736824990.94695截面10220.4061813.3615860.0384466.2098112.63110220.4061813.3612344.01536186.4839290.104814654.3711注:以上为长期荷载效应组合值1截面00000000000荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.4*(3)0.4*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—3893截面-103365.91-5603.6771803.5283180.528885262.639-103365.91-5603.677721.4113272.211554210.1112-107965.85Mmax(KN·M)86截面-43225.928-2863.1874301.7348305.810477137.416-43225.928-2863.1871720.69392122.324191109.9328-44136.16479截面-2498.996-122.69611147.831316.3229212.193-2498.996-122.6964459.132526.5291699.75442373.7235772截面20929.2042617.79516013.52232043.57983155.01220929.2042617.7956405.40892817.43193124.009630893.849565截面28527.2075358.28617450.57042226.96999326.74628527.2075358.2866980.22816890.787996261.396842017.90658截面20929.2048098.77716013.52222043.57983498.48120929.2048098.7776405.40888817.43193398.784836649.606651截面-2498.99610839.26711147.83011316.32292670.215-2498.99610839.2674459.13204526.529169536.17213862.1042注:以上为长期荷载效应组合值44截面-43225.92813579.7584301.7348305.810477841.949-43225.92813579.7581720.69392122.324191673.5592-27129.593荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.4*(3)0.4*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4——39129截面00000000000Mmax(KN·M)125截面10220.406-622.6315860.0384466.2098129.18210220.406-622.6312344.01536186.48392423.345612151.6199120截面16009.475-1400.91910653.04791093.6348765.6616009.475-1400.9194261.21916437.45394652.52819359.7571117截面15638.302-1867.89212246.71471262.2268587.54615638.302-1867.8924898.68588504.89073970.036819244.0234111截面5882.954-2801.83912843.9891340.15202131.325882.954-2801.8395137.5956536.060808105.0568859.82741105截面-16545.341-3735.78510555.61291129.31145175.093-16545.341-3735.7854222.24516451.72458140.0744-15467.082102截面-32766.131-4202.7588582.4207940.869338196.979-32766.131-4202.7583432.96828376.347735157.5832-33001.99注:以上为长期荷载效应组合值97截面-67788.033-4981.0473443.5618287.871593233.457-67788.033-4981.0471377.42472115.148637186.7656-71089.741荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.4*(3)0.4*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—4037截面-103365.9116320.249-15251.186-2062.2825-739.144-103365.9116320.249-6100.4744-824.91299-591.3152-94562.361Mmin(KN·M)33截面-67788.03314506.888-11986.617-1465.8695-657.017-67788.03314506.888-4794.6466-586.3478-525.6136-59187.75328截面-32766.13112240.187-9752.1286-1152.2911-554.358-32766.13112240.187-3900.8514-460.91644-443.4864-25331.19825截面-16545.34110880.166-8669.7343-1024.3979-492.763-16545.34110880.166-3467.8937-409.75916-394.2104-9937.038319截面5882.9548160.124-6501.4179-768.1941-369.5725882.9548160.124-2600.5672-307.27764-295.657610839.575613截面15638.3025440.083-4334.8672-512.1989-246.38115638.3025440.083-1733.9469-204.87956-197.104818942.453810截面16009.4754080.062-3250.7089-384.097-184.78616009.4754080.062-1300.2836-153.6388-147.828818487.78585截面10220.4061813.361-1500.8885-128.1019-82.12710220.4061813.361-600.3554-51.24076-65.701611316.4692注:以上为长期荷载效应组合1截面00000000000荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.4*(3)0.4*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—4193截面-103365.91-5603.677-15251.186-2062.2825-360.191-103365.91-5603.677-6100.4744-824.91299-288.1528-116183.12Mmin(KN·M)86截面-43225.928-2863.187-6350.822-818.60178-188.456-43225.928-2863.187-2540.3288-327.44071-150.7648-49107.64979截面-2498.996-122.696-3770.0807-349.64246-16.722-2498.996-122.696-1508.0323-139.85698-13.3776-4282.958972截面20929.2042617.795-3171.0757-344.82895-113.0320929.2042617.795-1268.4303-137.93158-90.42422050.213165截面28527.2075358.286-2602.507-345.49956-238.25328527.2075358.286-1041.0028-138.19982-190.602432515.68858截面20929.2048098.777-3171.0757-344.82895-363.47520929.2048098.777-1268.4303-137.93158-290.7827330.839151截面-2498.99610839.267-3770.0807-349.64246-488.698-2498.99610839.267-1508.0323-139.85698-390.95846301.42334注:以上为长期荷载效应组合44截面-43225.92813579.758-6350.822-818.60178-613.921-43225.92813579.758-2540.3288-327.44071-491.1368-33005.076荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.4*(3)0.4*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—42129截面00000000000Mmin(KN·M)125截面10220.406-622.631-1500.8885-128.10189-40.02110220.406-622.631-600.3554-51.240756-32.01688914.16204120截面16009.475-1400.919-3250.7089-384.09704-90.04816009.475-1400.919-1300.2836-153.63881-72.038413082.5952117截面15638.302-1867.892-4334.8672-512.19893-120.06415638.302-1867.892-1733.9469-204.87957-96.051211735.5324111截面5882.954-2801.839-6501.4179-768.19407-180.0955882.954-2801.839-2600.5672-307.27763-144.07629.194212105截面-16545.341-3735.785-8669.7343-1024.3979-240.127-16545.341-3735.785-3467.8937-409.75914-192.1016-24350.88102截面-32766.131-4202.758-9752.1286-1152.2911-270.143-32766.131-4202.758-3900.8514-460.91644-216.1144-41546.771注:以上为长期荷载效应组合97截面-67788.033-4981.047-11986.617-1465.8695-320.17-67788.033-4981.047-4794.6466-586.3478-256.136-78406.21荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.4*(3)0.4*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4——4337截面8065.075-313.19945.05154.02367514.3118065.075-313.19918.02061.6094711.44887782.95487Qmax(KN)33截面-6432.595362.67289.0435.081822.526-6432.595362.67235.61722.0327218.0208-6014.252328截面-4786.88362.672212.35669.992122.526-4786.88362.67284.942643.9968418.0208-4317.247725截面-3874.098362.672304.019615.245322.526-3874.098362.672121.607846.0981218.0208-3365.699219截面-2118.429362.672527.740231.78722.526-2118.429362.672211.0960812.714818.0208-1513.925313截面-496.052362.672806.801957.404422.526-496.052362.672322.7207622.9617618.0208230.3233210截面296.91362.672967.375773.93522.526296.91362.672386.9502829.57418.02081094.127085截面1548.624362.6721261.0016114.305922.5261548.624362.672504.4006445.7223618.02082479.4398注:以上为长期荷载效应组合1截面2539.17362.6721517.6453138.146222.5262539.17362.672607.0581255.2584818.02083582.1794荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.4*(3)0.4*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—4493截面8065.075124.5261637.15904168.338648.0048065.075124.526654.86361667.3354566.40328918.20327 Qmax(KN)86截面5710.962-313.199134.33381412.354172514.3115710.962-313.19953.73352564.94166911.44885467.8869979截面3627.298-313.199257.21051919.116181914.3113627.298-313.199102.8842077.6464727511.44883436.0784872截面1745.613-313.199482.87315337.129578814.3111745.613-313.199193.14926114.851831511.44881651.8638965截面0-313.199731.687362.217937514.3110-313.199292.6749224.88717511.448815.81189558截面1745.613-313.1991012.29795.338743814.3111745.613-313.199404.918838.135497511.44881886.917151截面3627.298-313.1991304.0296134.45780614.3113627.298-313.199521.6118453.783122511.44883900.94276注:以上为长期荷载效应组合44截面5710.962-313.1991584.2314176.54991814.3115710.962-313.199633.6925670.61996711.44886113.52433荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.4*(3)0.4*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—45129截面2539.17124.526294.65355234.216148.0042539.17124.526117.86142113.6864566.40322801.64708Qmax(KN)125截面1548.624124.526302.73518236.25778258.0041548.624124.526121.09407314.5031136.40321815.15039120截面296.91124.526472.01936844.44298068.004296.91124.526188.80774717.77719236.4032634.424139117截面-496.052124.526596.84779652.1885558.004-496.052124.526238.73911820.8754226.4032-105.50826111截面-2118.429124.526859.89115873.51403258.004-2118.429124.526343.95646329.4056136.4032-1614.1377105截面-3874.098124.5261127.67729101.1879758.004-3874.098124.526451.07091740.475196.4032-3251.6227102截面-4786.88124.5261260.75123116.9026618.004-4786.88124.526504.30049246.76106456.4032-4104.8892注:以上为长期荷载效应组合97截面-6432.595124.5261475.73535144.971528.004-6432.595124.526590.29414157.9886086.4032-5653.3831荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.4*(3)0.4*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4——4637截面8065.075-313.199-1768.2024-168.33864-19.6278065.075-313.199-707.28096-67.335456-15.70166961.55798Qmin(KN)33截面-6432.595362.672-1593.8573-144.9715-16.425-6432.595362.672-637.54292-57.9886-13.14-6778.594528截面-4786.88362.672-1361.6646-116.9027-16.425-4786.88362.672-544.66584-46.76108-13.14-5028.774925截面-3874.098362.672-1217.9389-101.18798-16.425-3874.098362.672-487.17556-40.47519-13.14-4052.216819截面-2118.429362.672-928.7183-73.514-16.425-2118.429362.672-371.48732-29.4056-13.14-2169.789913截面-496.052362.672-644.6206-52.1886-16.425-496.052362.672-257.84824-20.87544-13.14-425.2436810截面296.91362.672-509.8009-44.443-16.425296.91362.672-203.92036-17.7772-13.14424.744445截面1548.624362.672-326.9675-126.0602-16.4251548.624362.672-130.787-50.42408-13.141716.94492注:以上为长期荷载效应组合1截面2539.17362.672-318.2389-34.2161-16.4252539.17362.672-127.29556-13.68644-13.142747.72荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.4*(3)0.4*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—4793截面8065.075124.526-48.657555-4.023675-5.8368065.075124.526-19.463022-1.60947-4.66888163.85971Qmin(KN)86截面5710.962-313.199-1711.0395-176.54992-19.6275710.962-313.199-684.41578-70.619967-15.70164627.0256579截面3627.298-313.199-1408.4083-134.45781-19.6273627.298-313.199-563.36332-53.783123-15.70162681.2509672截面1745.613-313.199-1093.3236-95.338744-19.6271745.613-313.199-437.32946-38.135498-15.7016941.24744565截面0-313.199-790.2527-62.217938-19.6270-313.199-316.10108-24.887175-15.7016-669.8888658截面1745.613-313.199-521.5228-37.129579-19.6271745.613-313.199-208.60912-14.851832-15.70161193.2514551截面3627.298-313.199-277.7978-19.116182-19.6273627.298-313.199-111.11912-7.6464728-15.70163179.63181注:以上为长期荷载效应组合44截面5710.962-313.199-145.0862-12.354173-19.6275710.962-313.199-58.03448-4.941669-15.70165319.08525荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.4*(3)0.4*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
表4—48129截面2539.17124.526-1639.1209-138.14618-5.8362539.17124.526-655.64835-55.25847-4.66881948.12038Qmin(KN)125截面1548.624124.526-1361.9342-106.91054-5.8361548.624124.526-544.77366-42.764214-4.66881080.94332120截面296.91124.526-1044.8053-73.935028-5.836296.91124.526-417.92212-29.574011-4.6688-30.728936117截面-496.052124.526-871.37863-57.40443-5.836-496.052124.526-348.55145-22.961772-4.6688-747.70802111截面-2118.429124.526-569.98025-31.787033-5.836-2118.429124.526-227.9921-12.714813-4.6688-2239.2787105截面-3874.098124.526-328.35289-15.245258-5.836-3874.098124.526-131.34116-6.098103-4.6688-3891.6801102截面-4786.88124.526-229.3533-9.9921263-5.836-4786.88124.526-91.74132-3.9968505-4.6688-4762.761注:以上为长期荷载效应组合97截面-6432.595124.526-96.169889-5.0817525-5.836-6432.595124.526-38.467955-2.032701-4.6688-6353.2385荷载类型结构自重基础变位汽车荷载人群荷载温度作用1.0*(1)1.0*(2)0.4*(3)0.4*(4)0.8*(5)sud=(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10)序号(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)第96页
5.预应力筋计算5.1预应力筋束计算预应力钢绞线:采用符合ASTMA416-97标准的270级钢绞线,标准强度=1860Mpa,弹性模量Ey=1.95x105Mpa,松弛率为3.5%,钢绞线规格公称直径为Φj15.20mm(由7股钢丝组成),其面积为139;假设一束预应力钢筋由7根这种钢绞线组成,则一束预应力的面积为:139.0×7=973.预应力永存应力SY在这里取为预应力钢筋抗拉强度标准值的0.5倍,即SY=0.5×=0.5×1860=930000KN/㎡;混凝土弯压应力限值SW在这里取为混凝土轴心抗压强度标准值的0.5倍,即SW=0.5×=0.5×32.4=16.2Mpa=16200KN/㎡.预应力筋束通过《桥梁电算程序》计算,其计算结果如下表所示:表5-1预应力钢束估算值截面1—0—0————————5————11———————10————17———————13————18———————19—1——12———————25—12—1————————28————————19———33————————31———37————————42———44————————22———51—1——8———————58————26———————65————31———————72————22———————79—3—2————————86————————22———93————————42———97————————31———102————————19———105————————12———第96页
111—1—5————————117————13———————120————14———————125————9———————129—0—0————————经过调整,左右对称位置均取较大钢束值,以使配筋对称,最终预应力筋束配筋值如下表所示:表5-2预应力配筋最终值节点号 按内力组合计算值上缘下缘1A(2)005L1/8(3)01210L1/4(4)020133L1/8(5)02119L1/2(6)315255L1/8(7)143283L1/4(8)210337L1/8(9)33037L1(11)45044L/8(3)23051L/4(4)411583L/8(15)03065L/2(16)036第96页
注:——上缘最大配筋束数;——上缘最小配筋束数;——下缘最大配筋束数;——下缘最小配筋束数;——当下缘不出现拉应力下缘的配筋束数;——当下缘混凝土不被压碎下缘的配筋束数;——当上缘不出现拉应力下缘的配筋束数;——当上缘混凝土不被压碎下缘的配筋束数;——当上缘不出现拉应力上缘的配筋束数;——当上缘混凝土不被压碎上缘的配筋束数;——当下缘不出现拉应力上缘的配筋束数;——当下缘混凝土不被压碎上缘的配筋束数。5.2预应力筋束的布置依据参考文献《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》,1、直线管道的净距不应小于40mm,且不宜小于管道直径的0.6倍;对于预埋的金属或塑料波纹管和铁皮管,在竖直方向可将两管道叠置。2、管道内径的截面面积不应小于两倍预应力钢筋截面面积。预应力筋束的截面面积为S=973,管道内径面积,求得D=49.78mm,束筋成束后的等代直径式中:n——组成筋束的钢筋根数;d——单根钢筋直径。施工环境条件取为Ⅲ类,预应力筋束的净保护层厚度取为50mm,管道直径取D=80mm,等代直径因此,管道之间的中心距离为第96页
预应力筋束距离混凝土表面的距离预应力束的布置原则:(1)为避免梁体产生横向弯曲,预应力筋应在截面上对称布置,各施工阶段都要满足对称布置的原则;(2)为满足布置、锚固等需要,预应力筋在梁体内可以平弯和竖弯,但要避免平弯和竖弯的叠加,且平弯和竖弯(不包括抗剪因素)的角度不宜大于20℃,半径不能小于4m,常常取大于8m的数值,为了简化构造和减少预应力损失,应尽量减少或避免平弯,避免使用多次反向曲率变化的连续束;(3)现阶段有取消为抗剪而弯索的趋势,弯索应尽量布置在腹板及梗腋内,锚固在截面中性轴附近,尽量以S型曲线锚固,以消除锚固点产生的横向力。(4)顶、底板的预应力筋应适量集中布置在腹板及梗腋等混凝土较厚的位置,而不宜采用均匀分散的布置方式,底板索一般都平行于底板布置;(5)为防止中间支点处因偏心距较大的锚固力作用而导致梁下缘开裂,通常在梁上、下缘布置几束直线通长束;(6)若预应力钢筋数量较多而不得不在板的中部布筋时,应尽量避开横向正弯矩较大区域,应满足构造要求;(7)力筋较多时可分层布置,先锚固或弯起靠近腹板中部的力筋,尽量使管道上下对齐,以便浇筑和振捣,不宜采用梅花型布置,特别当管道间距较小时;(8)为了便于计算,应尽量减少预应力钢筋的类型;(9)根据《公桥规》9.4.10条规定,后张法预应力构件的曲线预应力钢束的曲率半径不宜小于4m。表5—3跨中截面特性值跨中截面截面高度截面特性IxAAY上Y下W上W下K上K下净截面23.62356.34730.81811.18194.24893.0660.4830.6978换算截面3.83866.5670.84661.15344.53423.32810.50680.69055.3预应力损失计算依据参考文献[3]P54,预应力混凝土构件在正常使用极限状态计算中,应考虑由下列因素引起的预应力损失:预应力钢筋与管道壁之间的摩擦————————第96页
锚具变形、钢筋回缩和接缝压缩————————预应力钢筋与台座之间的温差—————————混凝土的弹性压缩——————————————预应力钢筋的应力松弛————————————混凝土的收缩和徐变—————————————5.3.1预应力钢筋与管道壁之间摩擦引起的预应力损失K取0.0015,取0.15。,,5.3.2预应力直线钢筋由锚具变形、钢筋回缩和接缝压缩引起的预应力损失:5.3.3预应力钢筋与台座之间的温差引起的预应力损失:在施工中,采用后张法张拉预应力钢筋,因此,不计第三项预应力损失。5.3.4由混凝土弹性压缩引起的预应力损失:依据参考文献【3】P117页,后张法预应力钢筋混凝土构件,当同一截面的预应力钢筋逐束张拉时,由混凝土弹性压缩引起的预应力损失,按下列简化公式计算:m——预应力钢筋的束数;第96页
——在计算截面的全部钢筋中心处,由张拉一束预应力钢筋产生的混凝土法向应力,取各束的平均值。本桥计算中,只取一束预应力钢筋作为计算预应力损失,因此应当为上式公式中的损失再除以总的钢筋束,即应当为上式公式中的损失再除以总的钢筋束,即为受拉区预应力钢筋至净截面重心轴的距离,取=1.0319m,计算时,取一束预应力钢筋计算,因此,,5.3.5由钢筋松弛引起的预应力损失:预应力钢筋由于钢筋松弛引起的预应力损失终极值,可按下列规定计算:——张拉系数本桥采用一次张拉,=1.0;——钢筋松弛系数,取=0.3(低松弛);第96页
5.3.6由混凝土收缩、徐变引起的构件受拉区和受压区预应力钢筋的预应力损失:可按下列公式计算:——传力锚固龄期=7天,计算龄期为徐变终极值,桥梁所处环境平均相对湿度为55%,毛截面面积A=6.3950m2,长度u=10+0.3×2+2×2+5.287×2+6=25.174m,理论厚度。根据参考文献[3]P57表6.2.7,取,取2.39,,计算的时候只取预应力束筋的面积,因此,;在计算时,只考虑预应力钢筋束的面积,不考虑普通钢筋的面积第96页
截面回转半径,,,所以所以,有效预应力预应力损失率为在计算预应力筋束估算时,预应力永存应力SY取为预应力钢筋抗拉强度标准值的0.5倍,即假定损失率为50%,因此,预应力损失率为,预应力钢筋束强度满足桥梁设计强度要求。5.4普通钢筋的布置在预应力混凝土梁内的普通钢筋的配置是不容忽视的,尽管是按照全预应力设计的,要求结构不出现拉应力,但在已建的桥梁中出现了不少各种性质的裂缝。防止裂损坏的有效措施是恰当的布置非预应力钢筋,它不但能提高抗裂性,也是为了满足提高结构承载力的需要。采用预应力钢筋与普通钢筋的混合配筋的部分预应力混凝土梁比已开裂的全预应力混凝土梁的抗疲劳性能要好。依据参考文献【3】P94,钢筋混凝土构件中纵向受力钢筋的最小配筋率不应小于,同时不应小于0.20。本桥设计普通钢筋采用HRB400级,混凝土为C50,查表得,第96页
,因此,本桥普通钢筋的最小配筋率取为。同时,在预应力混凝土梁内同样需要按构造要求配置的架立筋和预应力筋的定位筋;在箱梁腹板两侧需要设置放缩钢筋;在锚头和承压部位需要设置防裂钢筋等。5.4.1箱型截面内的普通钢筋布置1.根据《桥涵设计规范》要求,箱形截面的预应力混凝土梁,底板内无预应力主筋区段,在顺桥向可设含筋不小于0。25&~0.3%的构造钢筋。2.根据《桥涵设计规范》要求,沿腹板高的两侧应设置直径为6~10mm的纵向钢筋以防止产生裂缝。3.由于日照温差的影响,使梁的上缘温度高于下缘,梁的下缘至腹板的上部会产生相当大的拉应力,有可能导致开裂,因此在梁的下缘和腹板的上部需布置温度补强钢筋。5.4.2横隔板的普通钢筋的布置此桥在跨中和支点处设有横隔板,它受到底板和腹板的约束影响,当现浇混凝土在横隔板方向收缩时,有可能产生微裂缝;同时,当横隔板较厚时,也有可能由于水泥的水化热产生内外温差而引起早期裂缝。所以在横隔梁内有必要设置防收缩的钢筋。5.4.3锚块与槽口的钢筋布置锚后最少配筋应能承受锚头后面混凝土中25%~50%的锚固荷载。为抵抗锚头压力和弯起预应力筋的径向分力,在齿板锚块内必须配置足够的防崩裂筋。6桥梁强度与刚度验算6.1正截面承载能力极限状态验算对于预应力混凝土连续梁桥,应取跨中,L/4,L/8,支点及钢束突然变化处(截断或弯出梁顶等)分别进行验算。应力验算的作用取标准值,汽车荷载计入冲击系数。在此仅以跨中截面为例。本桥截面为箱型截面,计算模型按工型截面计算。1.求受压区高度x依据参考文献【5】先按第一类工型截面梁,略去构造钢筋影响,由下列式子计算混凝土受压区高度x,即所以按第一类工型梁计算。下式中:第96页
、——HRB400级钢筋受拉区抗拉强度设计值、受压区抗拉强度设计值;、——预应力钢筋受拉区抗拉强度设计值、受压区抗拉强度设计值;——C50混凝土抗压强度设计值;b——工形截面的下翼缘板宽度;——工形截面上翼缘板宽度;——钢筋当其重心水平处混凝土应力为零时的有效预应力(扣除不包括混凝土弹性压缩在内的全部预应力损失);、、、——受拉区普通钢筋面积、预应力筋面积、受压区普通钢筋面积、预应力筋面积。2。承载力计算右式取为1.0,为极限承载能力组合弯矩,按表格3-14取值为所以,跨中截面正截面承载力满足要求。6.1正截面抗裂验算1.正截面抗裂性验算取跨中截面进行预加力产生的构件抗裂验算边缘的混凝土预加力的计算依据参考文献【3】,第96页
《规范规定》,A类预应力混凝土构件,在作用(或荷载)短期效应组合下;(7-1)查表得但在荷载长期效应组合下;(7-2),符合规范要求;,符合规范要求。因此,正截面抗裂符合规范要求。6.3全桥挠度验算第96页
6.3.1施工阶段挠度验算由于本桥在施工过程中,采用对称悬臂挂篮施工,因此,应当验算施工过程中的悬臂施工挠度,作为施工过程中的控制条件。由于时间限制,本桥在这里只计算了最不利情况下的最大悬臂挠度,即在合拢时的最大挠度。最大挠度的计算结果如下表所示:表6-1最大悬臂阶段单元挠度编号⊿x⊿y∮10-0.074120.00315290-0.043070.002973170-0.016920.002139250-0.002020.000787330-0.00181-0.00071410-0.01571-0.00204490-0.04112-0.00291560-0.074120.003152通过上述表格可以知道,最大挠度发生在悬臂端的端点,挠度f=0.07412m。依据参考文献,当由结构自重和汽车荷载所计算的长期挠度超过L/1600,应当设预拱度。对于钢筋混凝土及预应力梁式桥,用可变荷载频遇值计算的上部结构长期跨中最大竖向挠度,不应超过L/600,L为计算跨径。本桥在施工过程中,只考虑自重,不考虑可变荷载,因此可变荷载频遇值所产生的结构长期跨中最大竖向挠度为零,满足f﹤。依据参考文献【3】,钢筋混凝土和预应力混凝土简支梁长期挠度值为:(7-3)f——按荷载短期效应组合计算的短期挠度值;——挠度长期增长系数,当采用C40~C80混凝土时,取为1.45~1.35,中间强度等级可按直线内插去用。所以,在施工过程中,只考虑了结构自重,因此,梁式桥主梁的悬臂端不应超过悬臂长度的1/300:第96页
满足要求。6.3.2运营阶段挠度验算短期挠度值计算结果如下:结构自重挠度:汽车荷载挠度:人群荷载挠度:则可变荷载频遇值产生的跨中长期挠度:满足规范要求。同时,由于:需设预拱度,计算最大预拱度值:预拱度应按最大的预拱值沿顺桥向做成平顺光滑的抛物线。7施工程序设计7.1施工说明本桥施工采用对称悬臂挂篮施工,两个墩同时进行施工,悬浇挂篮自重为1000KN,由于靠近0号块的块体自重比较大,而在之前的建模过程中,是全桥均匀划分单元,因此,0号块附近的现浇块体应当分段浇筑,以此满足挂篮的自重要求。在上一部分里,由于现浇段的悬臂端挠度值比较大,应当设置预拱度,具体体现在施工过程中,则是应用于挂篮模板的标高身上,在固定模板的过程中,应当考虑挠度的影响,并且设置预拱度,以此抵消沉降影响。在施工过程中,特别要注意悬臂两端块体的均匀浇筑,以免发生偏心受力,导致桥墩失稳,造成工程事故。解决问题的办法是,在浇筑每个块体之前,配置一个水箱,当浇筑块体时,浇筑多少混凝土,就释放等重量的水,使梁端始终保持质量平衡。第96页
在合拢过程中,选择在夜间进行合拢。合拢段采用满堂支架施工,首先将合拢段进行临时固结,并在顶底板各张拉4根最短的预应力束,张拉力为设计值的50%,经过一昼夜温差后,若无异常情况,则浇筑混凝土。悬臂浇筑梁段混凝土时需要注意一下几点:1.挂篮就位后,安装并校正模板吊装,此时应对浇筑预留梁段混凝土进行抛高,以使施工完成的桥梁符合设计标高。抛高值包括施工期结构挠度,因挂篮重力和临时支撑释放时支座产生的压缩变形等。2.模板安装应核准中心位置及标高,模板与前一段混凝土面应平整密贴。如上一节段施工后出现中心或高程误差需要调整时,应在模板安装时予以调整。3.安装预应力预留管道时,应与前一段预留管道接头严密对准,并用胶布包贴,防止灰浆渗入管道。管道四周应布置足够定位钢筋,确保预留管道位置正确,线行和顺。4.浇筑混凝土时,可以从前端开始,应尽量对称平衡浇筑。浇筑时应加强振捣,并注意对预应力预留管道的保护。5.为提高混凝土早期强度,以加快施工速度,在设计混凝土配合比时,一般加入早强剂或减水剂。混凝土梁段浇筑一般5-7天一个周期。为防止混凝土出现过大的收缩、徐变,应在配合比设计时按规范要求控制水泥用量。6.梁段拆模后,应对梁段的混凝土表面进行凿毛处理,以加强接头混凝土的连接。7.箱梁梁段混凝土浇筑,一般采用一次浇筑法,在箱梁顶板中部留一窗口,混凝土由窗口注入箱内,再分布到底模上,当箱梁断面较大时,考虑梁段混凝土用量较多,每个阶段可以分二次浇筑。先浇筑底板到肋板倒角以上,待底板混凝土达到一定强度后,再支内模,浇筑肋板上段和顶板。其接缝按施工缝要求进行处理。8.箱梁梁段分次浇筑混凝土时,为了不使后浇混凝土的重力引起挂篮变形,导致先浇筑混凝土开裂,要有消除后浇混凝土引起挂篮变形的措施。一般可采取下列方法:9.1﹥水箱法:浇筑混凝土前先在水箱中注入相当于混凝土重量的水,在混凝土浇筑中逐渐放水,使挂篮负荷和挠度基本不变。2﹥浇筑混凝土时,根据混凝土重量变化,随时调整吊带高度。3﹥将底模梁支撑在千斤顶上,浇筑混凝土时,随混凝土重量的变化,随时调整底模梁下的千斤顶,抵消挠度变形。当挂篮就位后,即可在上面进行梁段悬臂浇筑施工的各项作业。施工的具体顺序,见附图??。7.2施工要点1.墩顶面支座垫块位置和高程控制要求准确,支座位置应准确,表面应保持水平,并注意方向。2.浇筑墩身时,应注意支座和伸缩缝等有关预埋件和预留孔的设置。3.钻孔桩施工放样前,应仔细核对基桩坐标,放样务必准确。施工时,钢筋笼放入钻孔后要牢固定位,应采用具体有效的措施防止在灌注水下混凝土过程中下落或被混凝土托升,桩身混凝土应一次灌注完成,不得中途停顿。灌注桩应做动测实验,以检查桩基的质量,桩基按100%进行动测。4.桩基钻孔及其验收过程中,应核对实地地质资料,当实际地质状况与设计所用地质资料不符时,应及时与设计单位联系,进行变更。第96页
5.施工时,成孔直径应比设计桩径大3~5厘米,孔底沉渣厚度不得大于5厘米。灌注混凝土后桩顶标高应比设计标高预加一定高度,以便清除浮浆确保桩顶质量,预加高度不小于1米。6.承台、墩身大体积混凝土要求采用低水化热水泥,在现场条件许可和保证质量的前提下,可选择较大粒径的骨料,施工时要求整个平截面范围内水平分层浇筑振捣,分层厚度30~50厘米,混凝土用料要遮盖,避免日光暴晒,并用冷却水搅拌混凝土,降低混凝土入仓温度,混凝土浇筑应在一天气温较低时进行,但混凝土内表温差不得超过25℃,在遇气温骤降的天气或寒冷季节,应注意覆盖保温,加强养生,当气温低于0℃时,浇筑混凝土必须采用冬季施工措施。7.承台底设15厘米厚C15素混凝土垫层。8.墩身尺寸较大,施工时应确保模板强度和刚度。7.3梁段混凝土质量和施工要求1.各梁段混凝土应采取水平分层一次连续灌注,灌注方法应认真研究确定。为防止混凝土开裂和棱角磁损,应待混凝土强度达到施工规范的有关要求后方可拆模。模板底部应设置聚四氟乙烯滑块,以防止混凝土底板伸缩变形受阻面拉裂。2.混凝土颜色应保持全桥一致,外露部分宜采用同一厂家同一品种的水泥,模板应采取适当措施确保表面光滑平整。3.混凝土的配合比应通过实验确定,以确保混凝土的强度。分段施工时,新旧混凝土接缝必须凿光、清洗,以确保新旧混凝土结合良好。混凝土的养护要求保湿、防晒,尽量减少收缩、温差的影响。4.混凝土配合比应达到设计标号和弹性模量,并严格遵循高标号混凝土和泵送混凝土的配合比要求。5.大体积混凝土浇筑时,应采取相应的有效措施降低水化热的影响,确保混凝土的质量。6.严格控制各部位截面尺寸,施工误差控制在施工规范允许的偏差范围之内。要重视施工观测和施工控制,按要求做好各施工阶段的控制分析和调整。支架施工时,应考虑支架的弹性变形,施工中应准确估算并设置预拱度予以调整。7.4桩基施工1.可能出现的问题及防治措施钻孔桩施工中,常出现的问题有:坍孔、钻孔偏斜、扩孔与缩孔、糊钻埋钻以及导管进水和导管堵管等。1)钻进中坍孔现象:在钻孔过程中,如果钻孔内水位突然下降、孔口冒细密的水泡,就显示已经坍孔。由于地质状况特殊,不太可能出现这种情况。万一出现,则采用防治方法为:a.发生孔口坍塌时,可立即拆除护筒并回填钻孔,重新埋设护筒再钻。坍孔部位不深时,可采用深埋护筒法,将护筒周围土夯填密实,重新钻孔。B.发生孔内坍塌时,判明坍塌位置,用砂或小砾石夹粘土回填至坍孔处以上1.2米,如坍塌严重时应全部回填,待回填物沉积密实后再行钻进。第96页
2)钻孔倾斜现象:现场钻成的桩孔,孔身偏斜、弯曲。防治方法:在偏斜处吊住钻锥反复扫孔,使钻孔垂直。偏斜严重时,应回填砂粘土至偏斜处,待沉积密实后重新钻孔。3)扩孔现象:孔径大于设计孔径。防治方法:遇有扩孔时,应采取防止坍孔和钻孔锥摆动过大的措施。4)导管进水现象:灌注桩首次灌混凝土时,孔内泥浆及水从导管下口灌入导管;灌注中,导管接口处进水;灌注中,提升导管过量,发生孔内水和泥浆从导管下漏入导管等现象。治理方法:首灌底口进水和灌注中导管提升过量而引起的进水,一旦发生,停止灌注。利用导管做吸泥管,以空气吸泥法,将已灌注的混凝土拌合物全部吸出。针对发生原因,予以纠正后,重新灌注混凝土。5)导管堵管现象:导管已提升很高,导管底口埋入混凝土接近1米,但是灌注在导管中的混凝土仍不能涌翻上来。治理方法:灌注开始不久发生堵管时,可用长管冲、捣或用振捣器振动导管。若无效果,拔出导管用空气吸泥机或抓头将已灌入孔底的混凝土清出,换新导管,并准备足够储量混凝土,重新灌注。7.4.1钻孔桩施工工艺流程图桩基测量钻孔平台,栈桥搭设制作护筒定桩位,埋设护筒机械就位校正桩位钻进成孔泥浆管理第96页
一次清孔校验孔深制作钢筋笼下钢筋笼下导管导管配备、检验二次清孔测量沉渣厚度设立溜槽,储料斗灌注水下混凝土桩基移位起拔护筒验桩动测试验7.4.2承台施工工艺流程图第一次测量放样破桩头基坑开挖15cm后C15素砼底模第二次测量放样第96页
绑扎钢筋钢筋加工立侧模模板制作混凝土搅拌浇筑混凝土拆除模板、支架养护总结四年的大学学习即将结束,在这四年里,我们学习了很多基础课程以及专业课程,学到的知识很多,范围也很广,冗杂而复杂,虽然都认真学习了,但是未能形成完善的知识体系。而正是通过这次毕业设计,我们才得以将平时学习到的各科知识进行了系统的整理和运用,查漏补缺,弥补了很多不足之处,从而使自己对桥梁的设计与施工有了一个比较全面,具体,更贴切实际的认识,也对桥梁设计的整个过程有了充分的了解和掌握。同时,也将所学的书面专业课知识适当的应用到了实际的设计当中,如结构力学、材料力学、混凝土、桥梁工程等都有了更深刻的学习和更科学的认识和掌握。桥梁设计要符合道路发展规划,满足交通功能要求,与道路线性完美结合。因地制宜,采用合适的桥梁类型,力求结构布局精炼,与周围环境相协调,以使其成为一道亮丽的风景线;设计方案力求结构新颖,尽量采用有特色的新结构,同时又要保持结构受力合理,技术可靠,施工方便,总之要遵循桥梁设计的基本原则,在符合技术先进,安全可靠,使用耐久,经济合理等的要求下,还应同时满足美观,环保和可持续发展的要求。在本次桥梁设计中,首先从给定的一些资料(包括工程概况,设计资料等)选定几个比选方案,对选定的各个方案,从结构体系的合理性、美观性、经济性、安全性等方面进行比较,并参考建设方的意见,选定最终方案。在选定方案之后,依据规范与参考已建桥梁,拟定结构尺寸,选定跨径,确定断面尺寸,从而计算截面特性,结构单元自重以及拉压、弯曲刚度。再依据《规范》,选定汽车荷载及人群荷载,在根据结构单元的影响线做最不利荷载布置,算出活载作用下结构的内力,挠度。然后计算出结构在温度,基础沉降等其他因素作用下的结构内力,按极限承载能力极限状态和正常使用极限状态(短期效应组合和长期效应组合)进行最不利荷载组合,算出结构的最大内力值。根据长期效应组合的最大内力组合值,用程序计算出预应力筋的配筋束数。内力计算和配第96页
此次设计是在老师的指导下,我们独立,系统的完成的一个工程设计,在设计的过程中,很好的培养了我们思考问题,分析问题和解决问题的能力,也巩固了已学的旧知识,了解了一些工程实例中的专业知识,为以后的学习工作提供了一个宝贵的演习机会。大大提高了我们把已学知识应用于实际设计中的能力。参考文献[1]国家标准·《公路工程技术规范》(JTGB01-2003)北京:人民交通出版社,2002[2]国家标准·《公路桥涵设计通用规范》(JTGD60-2004)北京:人民交通出版社,2004[3]国家标准·《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTGD62-2004)北京:人民交通出版社,2004[4]《桥梁工程》邵旭东主编人民交通出版社2007[5]《结构设计原理》叶见曙,李国平主编人民交通出版社,2005[6]国家标准·《公路桥涵地基与基础设计规范》(JTJ024-85)北京:人民交通出版社,1985[7]国家标准·《公路桥涵施工技术规范》(JTJ41-2000)北京:人民交通出版社,2000[8]国家标准·《道路工程制图标准》(GB50162-92)北京:人民交通出版社,1992[9]国家标准中华人民共和国行业标准·《公路桥涵钢结构及木结构设计规范》(JTJ025-86)人民交通出版社[10]徐光辉胡明义主编·《公路桥涵设计手册·梁桥(上、下册)》北京:人民交通出版社[11]徐岳等编著·《预应力混凝土连续梁桥设计》北京:人民交通出版社,2000[12]赵明华主编·《桥梁地基与基础》北京:人民交通出版社,2004[13]桥梁计算程序及由应用说明·西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院道路桥梁教研室,2007[14]袁伦一鲍卫刚编著·《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》,人民交通出版社,2004附录9.QF—01——预应力混凝土变截面连续梁桥10.QF—02——中承式钢管混凝土桥11.QF—03——斜拉桥12.立面方案比选图13.桥墩基础构造图14.边中跨构造断面图15.钢筋束布置图(1)16.钢筋束布置图(2)17.钢筋束布置图(3)第96页
9.钢筋束布置图(4)10.钢筋束布置图(5)11.墩顶普通钢筋布置图12.施工工序图(1)13.施工工序图(2)14.施工工序图(3)15.施工工序图(4)致谢经过一学期的忙碌和工作,此次毕业设计即将结束,作为一个学生,第一次系统地、全面地,独立完成了一个工程设计,在整个设计过程中由于缺乏经验、知识不全面,规范不熟悉等而遇到了很多困难,如果没有老师的督促指导和同学间的互相帮助,是不可能顺利完成此次设计的。在这里,我首先要感谢汪洁老师的悉心指导与无畏的关怀,他给我们提供了很多的宝贵意见和建议。在我们设计的每个阶段,从毕业实习到查阅资料,方案拟定,结构内力计算,中期检查和后期检查,施工图纸的绘制等整个过程中都给予了我悉心的指导。在此,我由衷的感谢汪洁老师!并将在今后的学习与工作中,谨记汪老师的教诲,认真的完成自己的工作。另外,还要感谢李青宁老师的热心指导,在设计过程中,李老师也给予了非常多的建议。同时,也感谢学校提供了这次设计的机会与设计资料方面的帮助,还有其他在我的设计过程中给予我热心帮助的朋友和老师,在此,一并感谢!2010.6.5第96页'
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